​
Credits
From Spanish to English the reflection of a Change Bladimir Paillacho English Language Program Yachay Tech University
Level 6-005 Teacher​: Daniel Beall
January 10, 2017 Imbabura
Contents 1. Portfolio letter 2. Response essay 3.
Literary Analysis
4. Interpretation essay 5. Argumentation essay 6. Final research project essay 7. Additional materials (pictures/videos/other works) 8. Thank you letter
Bladimir Paillacho Yachay University 2016, December 14. Dear Reader I was part of the first generation of students of the leveling emblematic when I arrived at Yachay University. The most difficult subject for me was English, because my speaking, listening and writing skills did not good. I remember when my English teacher was explaining about a topic in class I didn't understand anything and this was a little frustrating for me. However, I had had native English teacher of the United States since four levels and I know that this help me to develop my English skills. Nowadays, I am in the level six of English and during these three months, my teacher teaches me a lot of things for improve my speaking. For example, in this level, the teacher taught me about the debates and why they are important. The debates are important in order to develop the critical thinking, shared ideas, and get several opinions about the same topic. Also, I learned about the counterargument and this important because it can be used to refute the pros and contras of a topic and I know that practice debates with me teacher and classmate help me with my speaking skill because I can practice my pronunciation. Others activities that help me to improve my speaking are presentation because trough of it I can express fluidly when I speak English. I know that the activities relate with the speaking and pronunciation help me a lot to improve my English skills because in the past I didn’t speak English fluidly and this was a problem because I​ could ​communicate with my teacher or my classmates. Writing is one of the most difficult parts of learning English because there are a lot of expression, phrases and a lot of words with similar meaning that transform at English into a very difficult subject to study. The English grammar is another skill very necessary to become a good excellent student. In the past write was very difficult for me because I could find the correct words to write my own ideas. To improve my academic writing skills during the semester the teacher sent me to write essays and I know that it help me a lot because now I can write better than before. I recognized that when I wrote my first essay for this semester I was so scared and confused because I had a lot of doubts about the correct form to write my own thoughts and communicate my ideas to others people. There is an interesting phrase we talk to few people but we write for thousand people, that meaning we
need to develop a correct grammar so every each day we need to learn and remember the different structure of English like present perfect, present continuous, present perfect, present perfect continuous and their respective past tense and future tense in order to write correctly. Reading skills is other skills that I improved with the pass of the time during the class. In this semester in English, the teacher gave us lectures to read in order to improve the capacity of to understand the English text. In the past, the problem that I had when I read English text was that I did know the pronunciation and the meaning of a word and this causes me confusion and I didn’t be able to understand the main ideas or the message of a lecture. Nowadays through of the constant readings I have improved my vocabulary because the teacher taught us the meaning of some strange words and with a more extend vocabulary the task off to understand the readings is easier than before for me. However, I need to learn and continue improve my reading and this for that reason that every day I do exercises online like duolingo but I recognize I need to practice every day. Finally I considered that all activities offered by my English teacher during the semester relate with the practice of the speaking, pronunciation, reading, and writing are very necessary to dominate the English and in the future be an excellent professional because to know and dominate the English open a lot of opportunities for work in the life and I am happy with my progress because there are a big difference between the English skills nowadays and the English skills that I had in the past thanks to the Yachay English program and their teachers.
_________________ Bladimir Paillacho
Response to video “The Ethical Dilemma of Self-Driving Cars” Bladimir Paillacho Yachay Tech
Response to video “The Ethical Dilemma of Self-Driving Cars” Imagine a world where the machines can take decisions like the people now imagine what happen if you have an accident and you need to go quickly to the hospital in an automatic car that not broke of velocity limit. The most probably is that you arrive to the hospital too late. So how a machine can take a correct decisions when the circumstances are changing constantly. What type ethics code the machine need in their respective software. In the video, “The ethical dilemma of self-driving cars”, Patric Lin explains how in a hypothetical accident the car need choice to receive the impact with other car or turn left and kill a people with her bike or turn right and kill other family also is traveling in an car in the same road. In this case the car do not could comply the first law of Assimo of the robotic which is not harm humans. So what need a machine to make correct decisions. I agree strongly with advance technology because is a global change [1] very hard to stop. The humans are building new machines to make easier some activities by the people, but I believe that these problems will be more frequently when the machines need take a decisions about of live or died of a human independently of the many circumstances that would happen.
During
the time each New Year the machines apparently are more intelligent and autonomous for this reason they are obliged at some point end they will making to decisions life and death in unpredictable situations, therefore, an ethics code is necessary. Some systems are currently operated by humans, but as demand grows in a machine production is more sophisticated When this happens many countries will present their ethical dilemmas to reach an agreement. In case of a fire in a jail where it is known that there are police and prisoners of law a robot must save only the police. In case of a driverless car run over pedestrians or hit other cars with their occupants’ who will have to save? If a robot involved in a natural disaster such as an earthquake should tell people the truth about what is happening in case runs the risk of causing panic? These questions have led to the emergence of the field of "machine ethics", which aims to give machines the ability to make such decisions properly, in other words, to distinguish well
from evil. First you need to know the manufacturer, programmer, and designer to implement a law and determine a culprit in a particular accident. In order to assign responsibility, a record which is explained in detail the reasoning from decisions taken at an accident determinant. It is necessary to know if the design of the system works with artificial neurons and the robot started taking decisions with examples of their environment rather than follow rules already defined in your software. All these is a long process but is necessary by to take a correct decision. Second, an implementation ofas implement an ethical systems in robots, judgments, laws, responsibilities, obligations have to be taken into account by most people. Implement techniques in philosophy, ethics and moral studying how people respond to ethical dilemmas. Finally, and very importantly, a grant collaboration between engineers, ethicists, lawyers and legislators, all those attendant in the preparation of the different rules and laws in the design of new devices decisions in the machines is required. therefore ethicists and engineers can work together: ethical may have a greater understanding of their field, trying to teach ethics to machines, and engineers can utilize algorithms ethics in the machines to reassure society that do not they are taking any decision that endanger their lives.(McDonald, C. 2015, June 4) The third point imagine the series the fantastic car, cars try to make the best decisions along with his driver fighting against criminals. How can a machine discern right from wrong. In the series most of the time the car tends to make the best decisions because it has a relationship of friendship with his car driver. El think is the best you can do to help. Machines may learn to make the best decisions when they begin to understand the feelings of people. But this depends on the person. Because a person with feelings opposed to the law learn to be bad offender will be creating a robot like goliath in the same series of fantastic car. The four point are the robots in medicine. Technology in the area of surgery is very important to save the lives of people. In an operation unforeseen events such as internal hemorrhage can happen. At that time a robot could take unexpected decisions to save the person at that moment. Usually a robot is not afraid and does not feel stress. These are the advantages of
a robot in an operation. But if you start thinking like a human may begin to experience emotions as a human. If this happens may happen these scenarios. There was an accident and a criminal needs to be operated the robot refuses to perform the operation because it is a criminal. Another situation in an operation to save the life of a person the robot does everything possible to save him but he dies. The robot keep this event in your memory and you probably do not want to return to perform an operation perhaps for fear of failure. In conclusion machines are more efficient and smarter, it is inevitable that technological development can create a robot with an artificial intelligent like a human. People always make decisions and the ethics will always be focused on the response of most people. A machine will take a decision depending on the software commands him how to function and that functions are set by a human. If the machine is so intelligent and develop feelings as a human also has the chance of being wrong. The future is uncertain only humans are responsible for taking take the best decisions and we are the way for robots to learn from us avoiding the erroneous decisions like the death of the human.
References Lin, P. [TED-Ed]. (2015, December 8). The ethical dilemma of self-driving cars [Video file]. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixIoDYVfKA0 McDonald, C. (2015, June 4). The good, the bad the robot: experts are trying to make machines be “moral”[2] . Retrieved from:http://alumni.berkeley.edu/california-magazine/just -in/2015-06-08/good-bad-and-robot-experts-are-trying-make-machines-be-moral
Interpretation Essay Herrera Bryan Paez Antoni Paillacho Bladimir Pozo David Yachay Tech University
Nowadays, artists have started to use art as paints, songs, etc. to conscientize society about the problems that the addiction represents. In this case, the painting “Alcoholism” by Pawel Kuczynski shows an amazing representation of how alcoholism can “hook” individuals and make them dependent. The author uses a proper technique and the correct hue tone to express the idea. The combination of these elements makes the painting an iconic picture and clearly achieves the objective to conscientize society about addiction problems. Pawel Kuczynski was born in Poland on August 12, 1976. He has won 95 prizes for his satirical images and cartoons since he specialized in graphics at the Academy of Fine Arts in Poznan. He started his art in 2004 and in 2005 he won an award from the Polish Caricaturists Association. He lives and works as a police officer in Poland. In the painting we can see, first of all a person who is drinking a bottle of a red liquid that represents alcohol, also this person is using a jacket to protect himself or herself for the cold. You can also see that the more the person drinks, a hook tied to a hook come close and slowly approaches to his or her mouth, Around the person we can see a dark place and the only light is produced by the bottle. The person drinks the contents of the bottle with great enthusiasm by which he or her raises it above his or her head reflecting a great despair. Also we can see that is this person has a sickly skin color.
This painting shows and presents a lot of symbolism. It, is especially hard for those one that have problems with alcohol or with any addiction, this painting produces in us a feel of depression and isolation, especially because the person seems like he or he doesn’t care anymore the damage that they suffers from drinking that bottle. The empty and dark room that surrounds involves this person represents how is his or her life, lack of hope and empty of happiness, this room appear as the greatest fear of the person, loneliness is the only thing that has, the bottle shines because the person gives it a special value and that liquid becomes the thing that was missing so much. The author is capable to express a lot of things with a little painting and give to people an open field to think and imagine anything. Just in the moment when we saw the painting for first time, our body shuddered at the understanding the meaning of painting because it is a real conflict that people have to face in the daily life where people have to decide between two options: taking the right decision or enter into the world of addiction. Furthermore, exists a feeling of impotence to know that the alcohol can interned within our body and control our will without asking us to do anything. Now, thanks to the painting, we have a lot of feelings stored in our memories that will be useful to know the facility by which people can enter in a bad world where is difficult to get out. Of this way we can be conscious of damage at which we are exposed and think many times before making a decision. Only the bottle looks red, one of the meanings of this color is that it represents the power, the liquid called alcohol is a power that subjects the person to an addiction, when a person is dominated by this power his will is lost Until they lose the consciousness and that person can commit actions that the person fails to remember. The hook is attached directly to the bottle, it does not need any force that pulls it like a fishing rod, and this represents the ease as many people can be hooked to the alcohol and once subjected, people cannot be free easily and even there are foundations to help them get out of this problem. In the painting we can see that the bottle is not supported with both hands, we can observe only one hand, this represent the easy with that a person can get what he wants, even that there is no impediment or law that prevents it even a bottle of alcohol is more cheap that a book. There is not a face visible in the painting, for example it can be a woman or a boy or a man, this represents how
alcohol is a problem for society, as any member of a family could be a victim of this addiction, which in many countries, The sale of alcohol is free in most stores In conclusion we can say that if one has willpower and if you want, you can stop taking with the help of support centers family understanding. The painting is capable to produce some feelings in our body like: depression, isolation or impotence at understanding what it represents in the life of a person and the facilities by which people can to enter in a world of addiction. This painting shows a great impact to society on how free is to have a bottle of alcohol as a fishing rod and how people can be trapped in that hook so that their consumption is progressive, and also as people we have the freedom to break the rules of society by consuming alcohol and causing chaos in the family. One deduction at the end, is a reasoning of how an addiction can produce in a person the false sense of hope and happiness while in the reality it is destroying a life.
Machines Can Help to Save the Life of People Bladimir Paillacho Yachay Tech
Abstract
he robotics is an essential tool and this is very useful for the development of the society because T through this, human beings have improved their quality of life. Indeed, from the human being’s most difficult conditions has arisen the way to facilitate the human condition of life, to improve its quality and to facilitate productive ways of work that reduce the physical effort of the man in his daily tasks. Nowadays, robots are used in many areas such as medicine, trade, security, and industry to make easier and efficient the work made for the human workers. The limit of human skills at the moment of saving a life of a person in some cases is responsible for deaths of people, however, this problem can be resolved by using robots to improve the efficiency for the cure of diseases, help disabled people, and to rescue victims in natural disasters. This essay focuses on how the advances in the technology help to save the life of the people.
Keywords: robots, technology, cure diseases, help disabled people, save people.
​ Machines can help to save the life of the people
Robotics has allowed to the development of the society because the robots help us to build machines able to facilitate the life of the people. In fact, there are many works that were previously done by human beings, are being carried out by intelligent machines, either for areas such as industry, laboratories, medicine, education, space and agriculture. By the middle of the present century, most of the daily man-made occupations will be displaced by automation and great technological advances to improve the human condition, overcome diseases and live longer.​ ​The human being from the beginning has sought ways to change in order to facilitate and improve their living conditions for this reason the robots are the best way to improve and make easier the life of the human being. This essay focuses on the development of robotics and how the robots helps can make easier save the life of the people. This has been applied in the fields of engineering is contemplated as an alternative to solve problems of daily life. The structure of this essay is in a series of sections, which deal with various topics of interest in robotics, from the perspective of decision-making: medicine, the self-driving car, and robots that save lives in natural catastrophes for these reason. Creating more advanced robots in these three fields to save lives is necessary to help people in dangerous situations First robotics is a very helpful tool for the medicine that can improve medical procedures and surgeries. The advances of the technology have allowed scientists to create robots capable of helping the surgeon to do remote surgeries. Zeus is one name of a machine used for the surgeon to do remote surgeries and it is formed for four arms similar to spider legs and these are controlled by a surgeon that is located in the other room, hospital, or country. This remote surgery mixes medicine, robotics and fiber optical internet connection to work correctly and save the life of the patients. The system used for surgery works as follows: The surgeon sits on a chair in front of a computer console using the manual controls of the three robotic arms, these arms hold the instruments necessary for the operation and in turn reduce the tremors of the human hand increasing the efficiency of the surgeon at the time of the cut, while the fourth arm of the robot holds the video camera which is controlled by the voice of the surgeon. On September 7, 2001, in New York the first transatlantic surgical operation was performed by the French surgeon Jacques Marescaux. This surgery was performed on a 68-year-old French
woman who needed surgery to remove her vesicle and that didn’t have enough resources to travel to New York. I consider that this robot is an innovative solution for solve the problem of distance that have that faced people of other countries systems because through of this the all the people can receive surgery for save their life without travel to another country. People operated by robots have benefited in several ways. For example, People operated by robots is very exact that the traditional surgeon because this robot only need to do small incisions to operate while a surgeon need to do long incision to do the operation correctly. Other benefits of using these robots is that the recovery is much faster. The use of the robot eliminates human tremors, is able to enter areas unavailable to doctors and damages less healthy tissue around the affected region. Furthermore, the use of robots reduces your hospital stay, reduces operative trauma, benefits the cosmetic impact of the intervention and reduces recovery time. In addition, the people who need surgery do not need to travel to another country to save their life. For continue it is necessary to discuss how robotics are used for build autonomous cars to avoid accidents in order to save the life of the people in the streets. Second, the automotive industry today have created many prototypes of cars that will drive themselves to reduce accidents in the future. The impetus of autonomous driving seems unstoppable in the United States, where there are already four states that allow vehicles on the road that do not require drivers: Nevada, California, Florida and Michigan. Big automobile companies are also investing considerable sums in autonomous or robotic driving and are incorporating the new technologies into vehicles that already circulate in the streets of the world. Car is a necessary tool for the people because through of them the people can go to work or travel to another place. All people who have travel in an automobile are exposed to suffer accidents, in the same way pedestrians are exposed to the same risk suffer accidents. The main cause of the automobile and pedestrians accidents on the roads is speeding, for this reason, companies like Audi, BMW, Tesla and Google are studying and progressing in the development of autonomous cars, in fact, Google has already created a prototype and they have been testing and that works with satellites that are updated in real time. An autonomous vehicle is an automobile capable of mimicking the human capabilities of handling and control, perceiving the environment that surrounds it and moving accordingly. That is, a car in which the 'driver' (which is no
longer such) just enter the destination address and unconcerned about everything else. The main advantage with autonomous vehicles is that people with some physical or mental disability that prevents them from driving can use this automobile to mobilize and go to their place of work, home, hospital or anywhere they decide to go. Also I consider that this car is a vital steps for improve the quality of life of people with disabilities. Having an autonomous vehicle that reduces accidents is beneficial for both the driver and the pedestrians in a city as it reduces the deaths caused by negligence of the driver. Finally this automobiles can save the life of a person who suffer a sickness such as heart attack or epilepsy attack because these car can be programmed to carry the person to hospital when the car detected that the person inside of this car have a serious problem with their health. Next it is necessary to expose the reason because robots are a powerful tool to rescue people of natural disasters. Third there are several complications to rescue people when a natural disasters appear, for this reason the use of the robots will be very useful for make easier the task of locating and rescuing victims. Every year natural disaster such as hurricanes, earthquakes, Floods, tsunamis, fires and landslides causes the dead of a lot people around the world. When natural disasters appear there are many people who die instantly however there are other people who trapped. This natural disasters cause a lot of troubles for rescuers at the moment to find the victims because these destroy the street, buildings, and houses and these difficult the access to the rescuers in the areas affects for the natural disasters and these situation causes that a lot of victims cannot be rescue and they die because they cannot receive medical attention. The students of the Technical University Federico Santa Maria of Chile have designed two robots, the first robot is a builder who is in charge of moving blocks, that is, it clears the ways for the second rescue robot to begin its search and through its sensors is able to distinguish a wounded person from an unscathed person, in order to decide where to take it, however it is not the unique case. Also, a search robot able to locate the victims trapped by a natural disaster is developed by students of the Faculty of Engineering of the UNAM, with this machine this University wants to replace the dogs that are used to search the survivors of a natural disaster, because rescuers can locate these people more quickly and easily. I consider that the use of the machines able of rescue people are very necessary in this days because there are many situation in which the most of the people
dead after a natural disaster are the people who cannot be rescue at time. Also I believe that with these robots the work of rescuers and animals used for find victims after of a natural disaster will be easier because the robots will do the more dangerous work of rescue. In addition the use of this robots allow save more people because they have access to the place where there are people trapped in areas that are of the impossible access for the rescuers. The robotics are very useful for the development of the actual society, in fact, the development of the robotics bring many benefits for the save the life of people however there are some problems as well. Zeus is a machine that able to​ ​the surgeon do remote surgeries and it has proven to be an excellent tool for save the life, however the cost of a surgery with this machine will be very expensive. Although robots help to develop operations over long distances we would have to think about the negative results that this could cause in the health of the person if there is an electrical failure, internet connection or a fault within the internal mechanism of the robot since instead of saving the life would be caused damage that could cause the death to him. Other reasons to think that the robots cannot save the life of the people is because the autonomous cars it is not perfect and this can fail and produce a lot of accidents. The main problems with these cars that they cannot recognize the signal of transit police, also the radar that use these cars for avoid the obstacles and prevent accidents are deficient. This can causes serious problems because these put in risk the life of the person who travel inside of this car and the pedestrians that were in the streets. In fact, nowadays there are person that die because the fail of the navigation system of this autonomous cars and these dead are caused by an operating error. Finally the robots help the rescue task they will not always be able to perform all the tasks performed by an experienced rescuer such as give first aid such as mouth-to-mouth or give psychological assistance when the victim is in a state total shock. Also, every damage in the components of the rescue robot can cause a bad operating in their system. However these problems will be solved, although Zeus is an expensive and sophisticated system for performing surgeries at a distance, it must be taken into account that not all people will need Zeus to perform the surgery they need to save their life, Zeus was designed to perform operations remotely in countries where there are no specialists capable of performing surgery.The failures in the
navigation system of autonomous cars can be solved with the advancement of technology, because each year progressively improving robotics, making them safer and more reliable for the people who use them. While robots are not able to provide psychological assistance to the victim of a natural disaster, they can provide medicine and water to keep the person alive until the rescue arrives and can offer the respective psychological help. Ultimately,the use of robots are necessary for the development of the society because the robotic help make the easier the life of the people and make more efficient the works do it for people. The use of robots in the field of medicine has taken great strength because this tool can perform operations at great distances, we can create autonomous vehicles to reduce accidents and help victims of natural catastrophes. Indeed there nowadays the robotic has a growth a lot during the last years, however still robots need to develop more and more in order to the future all the problems that the robots use for the save the life of the people doesn’t have operation failure and also these robots must be built with cheap materials in order to do the robots be efficient and accessible for the most of the people in the world to improve their quality of life. In the future, the use of the machines will save lives, and although there are also negative effects, the benefits they offer will be greater, so the implementation in the development of robots in these three areas will help the conservation of human life.
References Lin, P. [TED-Ed]. (2015, December 8). The ethical dilemma of self-driving cars [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ixIoDYVfKA0 Eveleth, R. (2014, May 16). The surgeon who operates from 400 km away . Retrieved from: http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20140516-i-operate -on-people -400km-away
Lien, T. (2016, July 3). Tesla and google are both driving toward autonomous vehicles. Retrieved from:http://www.latimes.com/business/technology/la -fi-hy-teslagoogle-20160701 University of Cincinnati Medical Center. (n.d.). Benefits of robotic surgery. Retrieved from:http://uchealth.com/services/robotic-surgery/patient -information /benefits/ Robot rescuers.(2005, April 8).The engineer. Retrieved from: https://www.theengineer.co.uk/issues/8-april-2005/robot-rescuers/ Ditlea, S. (2000 November 1). Robo surgeons. Retreieved from: https://www.technologyreview.com/s/400816/robosurgeons/
January 25, 2015 Dear reader: My name is Bladimir Paillacho. This Portfolio is a collection of my English works during this last level, which is a reflection of my personal development in this language. My portfolio consists of a reflective letter, individual and group class essays, a final essay of my research, and finally this thank-you letter. This is not the end, it is the beginning to be able to continue my academic career in English in the petrochemical area. This is possible thanks to the knowledge acquired during this time. I am very grateful to the English program Yachay Tech and by each teacher I had the opportunity to meet from level three to level six during these two years. As a student of the first generation of Yachay Tech. Since arriving at the university the English language was the most difficult thing that I had to learn. But during this process, I succeeded to overcome every adversity thanks to the guidance of each one my teachers: Carmen Willian, Suneeta Williams, Monik Vinueza, and Daniel Beall, during this process thanks to their advice and recommendations in each task and exhibition in class. I recognize that my level of English has improved but that does not mean that I will stop learning. Each new day is a new learning and English is no exception, I will continue to learn and improve my skills in this language practicing and remembering all the knowledge acquired in each level. With these words of thanks, I say goodbye again thanks to the English program Yachay Tech and all the teachers who make it up. Thanks for reading each essay of my portfolio to each teacher for his words of motivation to be able to continue in my training as a professional in my career. Thanks for everything. Sincerely,
Bladimir Paillacho