Overweight and obesity by peternsl78

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Overweight and obesity are abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that presents a risk to health. A body mass index (BMI) over 25 is considered overweight, and over 30 is obese. The issue has grown to epidemic proportions, with over 4 million people dying each year as a result of being overweight or obese in 2017 according to the global burden of disease.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Rates of overweight and obesity continue to grow in adults and children. From 1975 to 2016, the number of overweight or obese children and adolescents aged 5–19 years increased from 4% to 18% globally.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Causes of overweight and obesity:

genetic factors and some disorders;

taking some medicines;

lack of physical activity;

consuming more calories than the body needs;

•

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Results of overweight and obesity:

diabetes;

high blood pressure;

heart diseases;

high cholesterol level;

cancer;

result in early death.

•

• can

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Fighting overweight and obesity: To fight obesity we can: • change our eating habits and reduce caloric intake;

increase physical activity;

•

AND OBESITY

BMI – the body mass index. BMI is used to define overweight and obesity. BMI is weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meters squared).

is usually defined as a BMI of 25

is defined as a BMI of 30 to

is defined as a BMI of

Overweight

to 29.9. Obesity

39.9. Severe obesity

40 or higher. OVERWEIGHT

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Task 1: Calculate your BMI https://www.calculator.net/bmi-calculator.html Where are you on the scale? OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories

A calorie is a unit of energy. In nutrition, calories refer to the energy people get from the food and drink they consume, and the energy they use in physical activity.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories Calories are essential for human health. The key is consuming the right amount. Everyone requires different amounts of energy each day, depending on age, gender, size, and activity level. Foods high in energy but low in nutritional value provide empty calories.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories Daily requirement. Not everybody needs the same number of calories each day. People have different metabolisms that burn energy at different rates, and some people have more active lifestyles than others.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Daily requirement. The recommended intake of calories per day depends on several factors, including:

overall general health;

demands;

Calories

•

• physical activity

• gender; • weight; • height.

daily calorie requirement for

Task 2: Count

Tom, Ben and Susan. https://www.calculator.net/calorie-calculator.html Write the result. You will need it later ;) OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY Tom Ben Susan Age – 15 Age – 18 Age – 16 Height – 160 cm Height – 182 cm Height – 160 cm Weight – 55 kg Weight – 92 kg Weight – 50 kg Physical activity: light (1-3 times a week) Physical activity: sedentary (little or no exercises) Physical activity: moderate (3-4 times a week)

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories and health:

The human body needs calories to survive. Without energy, the cells in the body would die, the heart and lungs would stop, and the organs would not be able to carry out the basic processes needed for living. People absorb this energy from food and drink.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories and health:

If people consumed only the number of calories needed every day, they would probably have healthy lives. Calorie consumption that is too low or too high will eventually lead to health problems.

The number of calories in food tells us how much potential energy they contain. It is not only calories that are important, but also the substance from which the calories are taken.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories and health: Empty calories. Empty calories are those that provide energy but very little nutritional value. The parts of food that provide empty calories contain virtually no dietary fiber, amino acids, antioxidants, dietary minerals, or vitamins.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories and health: Empty calories. Empty calories come mainly from solid fats and added sugars. They make foods and drinks more enjoyable. However, they also add many calories and are major contributors to obesity.

AND OBESITY

Calories and health:

Sources of empty calories.

fats and added sugars:

Solid

• ice cream; • donuts; • pastries; • cookies; • cakes; OVERWEIGHT

AND OBESITY

Calories and health: Sources of empty calories.

Solid fats: • bacon; • hot dogs; • sausages; • cheese; • pizza. OVERWEIGHT

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Calories and health: Sources of empty calories.

sugars:

Added

• fruit drinks; • sports drinks; • energy drinks; • soda.

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

3:

much or too little calories?

you remember Tom, Ben and Susan? You will work in three gropus. Your task is to calculate the amount of intaken calories based on what they ate yesterday.

Task

Too

Meal Tom Ben Susan

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Breakfast - Cornflakes with milk, - Orange juice

Lunch - Apple, - Water

Scrambled eggs (3 eggs and butter),

a glass of cocoa

Twix (a chocolate bar),

Apple juice

Dinner - Spahgetti Bolognese

McDonald’s hamburger,

McDonald’s French fries,

McDonald’s Coca Cola (medium),

McDonald’s icecream

Supper - Two sandwiches (white bread, butter, cheese, tomato)

Mars

Fruit yoghurt,

Banana juice

A banana,

Water

chocolate Chips

Fruit salad,

Water

Chicken soup with noodles,

Chicken breast,

Smashed potatoes with butter,

Carrot and apple salad

Pizza Margherita (1 slice)

Apple juice

Other

–

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY Product kcal Product kcal Apple 72 Mars – chocolate bar 452 Apple juice 125 McDonald’s - Coca Cola (medium) 164 Banana 116 McDonald’s – French fries 434 Banana juice 104 McDonald’s - hamburger 263 Butter (on a slice of bread) 102 McDonald’s – ice-cream 240 Carrot and apple salad 47 Milk 42 Carrot and banana juice 84 Orange juice 45 Cheese (a slice) 71 Pizza Margherita (a slice) 220 Chicken breast 311 Scrambled eggs (3 eggs and butter) 285 Chicken soup with noodles 310 Smashed potatoes with butter 110 Chips 545 Spahgetti Bolognese 591 Cocoa (a glass) 134 Tomato (a slice) 4 Cornflakes 357 Twix – chocolate bar 502 Fruit salad 86 Water 0 Fruit youghurt 95 White bread (a slice) 67

results with the desired

Now compare the

calorie intake calculated earlier. OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY Intake Tom Ben Susan Desired calorie intake 2035 kcal 2367 kcal 1844 kcal Yesterday’s calorie intake 2047 kcal 2808 kcal 1408 kcal Difference +12 kcal +441 kcal -436 kcal

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY Tom Ben Susan Age – 15 Age – 18 Age – 16 Height – 160 cm Height – 182 cm Height – 160 cm Weight – 55 kg Weight – 92 kg Weight – 50 kg And let’s check Tom’s, Ben’s and Susan’s BMI. https://www.calculator.net/bmi-calculator.html

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

BMI and calorie intake Tom Ben Susan BMI 21,5 27,8 19,5 Healthy weight Overweight Healthy weight Calorie intake + 12 kcal +441 kcal -436 kcal Results Maintainig weight Gaining weight (0,5 kg a week) Losing weight (0,5 kg a week) BMI and calorie intake

OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY

Fighting obesity: The treatment of adolescent obesity is focused on developing healthy eating and exercise habits rather than on losing a specific amount of weight. Reducing calorie intake and burning calories are two ways to meet these goals.