PETER WINTERBURN
W12020388
CONVERSATION CLUB YOUNG LIT + PHIL
TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT REPORT
KA0733
TECHNOLOGY&ENVIRONMENT
Introduction
[4]
2.1 Structure 2.2 Groundworks and Foundations 2.3 Envelope
[14-15] [16-17] [18-21]
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Site Plan Ground Floor plan Front Elevation Section Aa Accessibility Strategy Fire Strategy
3.1 Environmental Performance 3.2 Internal Finishes
4.1 Health and Safety Strategy 4.2 Site Layout 4.3 Assembly Sequence References
Technical Appendix
[5] [5] [7] [8] [9-11] [12-13]
[22-25] [26-27] [28] [29] [30-41]
CONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION
This report is intended to serve as a record and portfolio of the Technologies, Planning and Legislation which has both informed and regulation the design both Technologically and Environmentally of the Young Lit and Phil ‘Conversation Club’ design project.
The report outlines the detailing and requirements of the technologies utilised within the project and cover the areas of; planning, structural performance, environmental performance, accessibility, building regulations and guidance, health and safety and the construction process.
1.0 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 1.1
SITE PLAN 1:250
GROUND FLOOR PLAN 1:200
Aa
1.2 TECHNOL OGY
Enterance Ramp Open Air Theater Access to Bridge Hotel Waiting Area WCs 10 Person Lift
Contained Stairwell
Teared Seating
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7
ENVIRONMENT 1.3
FRONT ELEVATION 1:150
SECTION Aa
1.4 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 1.5
ACCESSIBILITY STARATERGY PART 1
Each floor offers 2 “Single Stall” WCs and 1 Accessible WC. The accessible WC meets the guidelines outlined in the Approved Document Part M. Accessible WC features “Contour 21 Doc M Close Coupled Pack, Left Hand (S6966AC)” from Armitage Shanks.
1061
• Assistance alarm system provided (see Axo) 1500
• WC is located on an accessible route which is direct and unobstructed In addition to this, the Accessibler WC is locasted 4 meter from the Lift to aid access. 2203
1500
ø
00 15
• Outward opening door fitted with a horizontal closing bar 1099
2200
1500
ø
00 15
90 0
900
1241
90 0
1
• Wall-mounted grab rail provided (see Axo)
14 00
1600
• A 1500mm turning circle
14 00
1121
1500
9
ACCESSIBILITY STARATERGY PART 2
A textured finish is applied on tot the polished concrete stairs at the head of each staircase. This change in finish provided a “Harvard Warning” for users with visual impairments, this prevents loss of balance and injury. This has been designed in accordance with the Approved Document Part M
1.5 TECHNOL OGY
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1061
1121
14 00
1600
A bright white paint has been applied to the edge of each tread of the step to further indicate the edge of the step to those with visual impairments. Emergency lighting is built into the handrail on both sides of eliminate the floor in the event of a fire.
1500
2203
1500
ø
00 15
1099
1500
2200
900
1241
1500
ø
00 15
11
ENVIRONMENT 1.5
ACCESSIBILITY STARATERGY PART 3
Wheelchair Users (Top)
4 Wheel chair space are provided in the front row of the Main Theatre, these allow for 1400x900mm of clearance which is sufficient for a wheelchair user to be moved into position by a carer or relative comfortable. Seating is provided between each space carers or relatives.
14 00
90 0
Hearing Loops (Bottom)
14 00
90 0 1099
14 00
90 0
14 00
2203
90 0
Approved Document Part M required that sufficient measures are put in place to aid users with hearing impairments. A hearing loop will be installed in the main auditorium to aid in the users. (Induction Loop indicated in red) “A hearing loop is a special type of sound system for use by people with hearing aids. The hearing loop provides a magnetic, wireless signal that is picked up by the hearing aid when it is set to ‘T’ (Telecoil) setting.” (What is a hearing loop?, 2012) Enterance
The building is accessed by a wide ramp with a 1:10 incline in accordance with BS 9266:2013 900
Both way swing doors can be electronicaly opened with push button opening on both sides of the door, laser sensors built into the frame prevent the doors from closing onto users, these doors will automatically open in event of a fire. internal doors feature power assist functionality. Step free access into the Bridge Hotel.
FIRE STRATERGY
1.6 TECHNOL OGY
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Means of Warning and Escape
B1. The requirements of B1 will be met if
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a) there are routes of sufficient number and capacity, which are suitably located to allow persons to escape to a place of safety in the event of a fire; 9470
ø 1061
13 73 1
1600
1500
1500
1862
3100
39m
3622
1500
UP
00 15
1241
0 00 11
1500
238
900
16.5m
fire drawing ground
fire lowe
1 : 200
1 : 200
1099
2203
(Approved Document B: Fire Safety, 2013)
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Approved Document part B (volume 2) provides guidance on how to comply with the building regulations relating to fire safety in buildings other than dwellings. (Communities and Government, 2013)
ø
2200
d) the exits are suitably signed
It is imperative that an early warning is provided to all occupants in the event of a fire. Due to the scale of the building and estimated number of occupants, smoke detectors must be fitted within 7.5m of the entry point of each habitable space, and a suitable electrically operated alarm system must be fitted; sufficient sounders must be provided and be clearly audible throughout the building.
00 15
00 35
c) the routes are adequately lit;
Detection & Warning
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b) the routes are sufficiently protected from the effects of fire where necessary;
14 00
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ENVIRONMENT 1.6
MEANS OF ESCAPE
The building entrance features doors which will automatically open in the event of a fire In the event of a fire, fire curtains will deploy on the connection between the bridge hotel and the young lit and phil to prevent fire from spreading the adjacent structure.
178 25
228 25
In order to prevent building users from becoming trapped in the building in the event of fire/smoke, alternative means of escape are in place from all parts of the building.
36m
DN 0 60 16
0 60 17
3100
34m
32 05
9569
424 2
3384
587 1
4400
53 46
00 98
DN
fire lower ground 1 : 200
2197
2738
11335
2384
DN
34m
first fire 1 : 200
00 98
All escape routes have clear signage and lower level lighting will be employed to aid in escape if heavy smoke is present. Wheelchair refuge points are located in the protected stairwell on each floor. 1500x900mm of refuge has been provided. These zones do not affect the means of escape for other users. Design Amendment
To reduce the travel distance on the first floor a second staircase could be added towards the front of the building which would cut the travel distance to an exit by more than half.
STRUCTURE - WALLS
2.1 TECHNOL OGY
In-Situ Cast Construction The structure is entirely Concrete elements. Due several steps have been and performance of this
comprised of In-Situ Cast to the nature of the design taken to increase the strength method of construction.
At wall joins and floor joints KSN Anchors have been cast into the concrete in which rebar is screwed of bonded into them. This allows for the concrete to shrink creating a movement joint. This also removed the need for exteriors rebar jutting out of the walls which may cause injury. Cemex CEMEX MicroTech - Fibre Reinforced Concrete has been used through the building to add strength epically in large spans. A range of advanced concretes, carefully formulated with microsilica and the latest admixture technology to produce high performance concretes with exceptional levels of durability in the harshest of environments.
The technology used in the formulation of CEMEX MicroTech ensures a high strength, low permeability concrete with enhanced resistance to sulfate and chloride attack. Coupled with increased levels of flexural strength and improved resistance to impact and abrasion, the product is a high performance concrete that will deliver in the most challenging of environments. Holedeck formwork has been uses to create voids within the floors allowing for spans of up to 12 meters. This system also allows services to be laid inside the voids removing the need for a suspended ceiling.
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ENVIRONMENT 2.1
STRUCTURE - FLOORS
Holedeck formwork has been uses to create voids within the floors allowing for spans of up to 12 meters. This system also allows services to be laid inside the voids removing the need for a suspended ceiling.
The Formwork has be used in a linera patern to emphasise the building intersecting angles. Concrete consumption and self weight are decreased, using conventional concrete and steel without the need for specialist labour. Savings of up to 55% of the volume of concrete and up 20% of the total built volume are possible, with the consequent carbon footprint reduction. (Holedeck, 2014)
The Holedeck system is also an improvement in terms of acoustic performance. The reverberation time is reduced to 1/5 with respect to a flat concrete slab. (Holedeck, 2014) The standardised formwork is manufactured with high-resistance polypropylene, meaning it can be used up to 50 times and recycled at the end of its life-cycle. (Holedeck, 2014)
FUNDATION AND GROUND WORK DETAIL 1:10
100mm Cast Concrete Outer Skin 150mm Insulation
250mm Cast Concrete Outer Skin
490mm Sustainable Urban Drainage System 80mm Granite Slab 50mm Laying Course Inbitex Membrane 100mm Sub-base 100mm Sub-base 5mm SC Intergrid 50mm Sub-base Inbitex Membrane
Concrete Pad
Sand Binding
300mm Insulation Earth
2.2 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 2.2
EXTERNAL STEPPED SEATING DETAIL 1:20
Custom Granite Steps with 1 degree slope Drainage Channel Concrete Pad Foundation Sand Binding
SUDs (Opposite Page) Earth
WALL DETAIL 1:10
2.3 TECHNOL OGY
18mm Rebar Underfloor Heating System KSN Rebar Anchors
150mm Insulation Holedeck Formwork 100mm Cast Concrete Outer Skin 250mm Cast Concrete Inner Skin
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ENVIRONMENT 2.3
ROOF TO WALL DETAIL 1:20
Roofing Membrane
150mm Insulation
Holedeck Formwork 100mm Cast Concrete Outer Skin 250mm Cast Concrete Inner Skin
GLAZING TO CONCRETE DETAIL 2:1
Concrete Wall
Aluminium U Channel with Flanges Glazed Outer Leaf GRP Spacer/Endcap Glazing Inner Leaf Silicone Sealant
2.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 2.3
GLAZING SYSTEM DETAIL 1:2
Aluminium Capping Strip Glazed Outer Leaf
GRP Spacer/Endcap Glazing Inner Leaf Insulation Extruded Aluminium Frame
ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE VENTILATION
The auditorium is the only space within the building which uses Mechanical ventilation. Duct work runs through the hollows within the Holedeck Slab from the plant room tot eh auditorium and enters through trickle vents between the layers of seating.
The depth of waffle slab roof deck creates a ‘reservoir’ of hot air. This additional depth is required in order to properly ventilate the upper floors; it raises the ‘neutral plane’ and prevents hot air from being forced out of the atrium into these spaces. (King, 2009) A Toilet stack vent runs behind the WCs which leads out via a protected roof vent. The WCs have mechanical ventilation to provide fresh air intake and fowl air is exhausted.
All other areas in the building are ventilated through trickle vents built into the glazing and external doors and are exhausted through non-return vents in the roof glazing.
3.1 TECHNOL OGY
NATURAL VENTILATION
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
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ENVIRONMENT 3.1
ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE THERMAL MASS
The building has a large thermal mass thanks in part of the dense 250mm internal concrete skin. The bare concrete acts as a thermal store which absorbed and releases heat into the building. This process of heat exchange would be eliminated or servery reduced if surface finishes and flooring were applied.
The diagram opposite indicated upto an 8 degree difference in temperature between a concrete based wall system and a traditional timber framed building. The thermal mass of concrete has the following benefits and characteristics: • • • • • •
Delays peak loads Reduces peak loads Reduces total loads in many climates and locations Works best in commercial building applications Works well in residential applications Works best when mass is exposed on the inside surface • Works well regardless of the placement of mass
ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMP
Geothermal heat as GeoExchange, ter-source heat 1940s. They use as the exchange temperature.
pumps (GHPs), sometimes referred to earth-coupled, ground-source, or wapumps, have been in use since the late the constant temperature of the earth medium instead of the outside air
The system is comprised of an exchanger which takes heat from a fluid (generally Glycol or Anti-Freeze) this is done by passing two loops across one another allowing the heat to transfer throught the heat exchanger similar to a common refrigerator. A persentage oif the heat exchanged is passed on to a Hot Water heater to be used for plumbing use whilst the remainder is passed throught the building underfloor heating system. The system can be run in reverse to provide a cooling tot he building. The technology canbe used as part of an Air-based heating system if required.
Due to the low hot water demands of this building, an system with intergrated water heating will be required.
Summe System
Exchanger
Water Heater
3.1 TECHNOL OGY
Winter System
Exchanger
Water Heater
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ENVIRONMENT 3.1
ENVIROMENTAL PERFORMANCE UNDERFLOOR HEATING/COOLING
The underfloor heating and cooling system will be powered by the Geothermal heat pump using Glycol heated on an indemendent loop to tthe Glycol used in the undefround pipework.
Exchanger
The system is comprised of a vast network of GRP pipework which is secured onto silicone or aluminium covered ridged insulation, this is then topped with a concrete floor screed. The screed allows the heat to disapate evenly.
Manifold
The Glycol is passed throught a Manifold which has a built in pump to fource the fludic round the system. Each floor will have its own manifold and each floor can be independantly controlled.
The system maintains its temperature using the Geothermal Heat Pump System, this can be supplimented if reuired using a small heating element inside the manifold.
The system willl be used to offset the effect of solar gain by absorbing the heat from the sun and transphering it into the ground.
Exchanger
Manifold
INTERNAL FINISHES
CEMEX MicroTech - Fibre Reinforced Concrete
A range of advanced concretes, carefully formulated with microsilica and the latest admixture technology to produce high performance concretes with exceptional levels of durability in the harshest of environments. The technology used in the formulation of CEMEX MicroTech ensures a high strength, low permeability concrete with enhanced resistance to sulfate and chloride attack.
Coupled with increased levels of flexural strength and improved resistance to impact and abrasion, the product is a high performance concrete that will deliver in the most challenging of environments.
3.2 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 3.2
INTERNAL FINISHES
Marshalls Galatea Granite (Fine picked)
Galatea Fine Picked Granite is suitable for both pedestrian or vehicular trafficked areas.
A very light silver grey stone it is also available in flamed and polished finish. Available for all product areas such as paving, setts, kerbs, tactile, steps, water management, street furniture or other bespoke specialised masonry items such as veneers for planters or furniture. Produced to ISO9001 quality assurance standards. All Marshalls Granites are fully tested to the appropriate standards in the UK and are all CE marked in accordance with the latest legislation. Granites are generally hard wearing, strong and durable landscaping materials.
HEALTH AND SAFETY
All works on site must comply with CDM (Construction Design and Management) Guidance, in additon to HSG150 and “Construction hazardous substances: Cement” Guidelines from the Health and Safety Executive. Facilities Provided
Site Management (Office) Changing Facilities Washing Facilities Rest Facilities
Car Parking (Below)
4.1 TECHNOL OGY
Construction hazardous substances: Cement
Cement based products, like concrete or mortar, can cause serious skin problems such as dermatitis and burns. This page tells you how to control these risks and why.
Gloves – gloves should be waterproof and suitable for use with high pH (alkaline) substances; eg marked with EN374:2003 and tested for use with “alkalis and bases” (class K) – some nitrile or PVC gloves may be suitable. Breakthrough time and permeation rate should also be suitable for the type and duration of the work. Gloves should be long and /or tight fitting at the end to prevent cement being trapped between the glove and the skin. Footwear – suitable footwear, such as wellington boots, should be used where large concrete pours are taking place. If standing in cement, these should be high enough to prevent cement entering the top of the boot. Waterproof trousers – when kneeling on wet products containing cement, appropriate waterproof trousers should be worn or, if screeding, use appropriate waterproof knee pads or knee boards. Minimise any time spent kneeling. Wear trousers over the top of boots. This stops cement getting into them.
Washing – wash off any cement on the skin as soon as possible. Workers should be encouraged to wash exposed skin at breaks and after work. Good washing facilities are essential. There should be hot and cold or warm running water, soap and towels. Basins should be large enough to wash forearms. Showers may be needed in some situations where workers could get heavily covered in cement. Use emergency eyewash to remove any cement that gets into eyes. Skin care products – these can help to protect the skin. They replace the natural oils that help keep the skin’s protective barrier working properly.
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ENVIRONMENT 4.2
SITE LAYOUT
Material Storeage Area Secure Internal Store
Site Facilities 2400mm Go-Hoard™ Vehicle Gates 2400mm Go-Hoard™ Site Hoarding
DN
DN
2400mm Go-Hoard™ Site Hoarding
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 1
1. Hoarding Errected and Temporary Site Building Installed.
2. Site Cleared in preperation for works.
3. Land Graided into site to create a service ramp for machine access. 4. Bridge Hotel Underpinned
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 2
1. Land removed for foundations. 2. Steel Piles Installed with Ground Source Heat Pipework Installed within them. 3. Raft Foundation Cast.
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 3
1. Additional land cleared. 2. Retaining Wall cast.
3. Temporary ramp created into site.
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 4
1. External and Spine Walls cast. 2. Interiror Walls Cast
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 5
1. Spine Wall Cast
2. Formwork Errected for Cast Upper Floor.
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 6
1. Upper Floor Cast
2. External and Spine Walls cast. 3. Interiror Walls Cast
4. Ramp created from external ground level.
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 7
1. Canterliveered Wall Cast
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 8
1. Upper Floor Cast
2. External and Spine Walls cast. 3. Interiror Walls Cast
4. Ramp created from external ground level.
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 9
1. Upper Floor Cast
2. External and Spine Walls cast. 3. Interiror Walls Cast
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 10
1. Upper Walls Cast
2. Form work errected for casting roof
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE 11
1. Roof Cast In.
2. Curtain Glazing Installed over atrium. 3. Roof covering applied
4.3 TECHNOL OGY
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ENVIRONMENT 4.3
ASSEMBALLY SEQUENCE COMPLETED
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Dimplex.co.uk. (2017). RENEWABLE SOLUTIONS - GROUND SOURCE - HEATING AND HOT WATER. [online] Available at: http://www.dimplex.co.uk/products/renewable_solutions/heat_pump_ground_source/commercial/SI_TU_range/index.htm [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Foster, J. (2015). Mitchell's structure & fabric. [Place of publication not identified]: Routledge. Gorse, C., Johnston, D. and Pritchard, M. (2012). A dictionary of construction, surveying and civil engineering. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Gov.uk. (2017). Fire safety: Approved Document B - GOV.UK. [online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/fire-safety-approved-document-b [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Henderson, N., Baldwin, N., McKibbins, L., Winsor, D. and Shanghavi, H. (2002). Concrete technology for cast in-situ foundations. London: CIRIA. Kind-Barkauskas, F. (2002). Concrete construction manual. 1st ed. Basel: Birkhauser.
Marshalls.co.uk. (2017). Galatea Granite Fine Picked Paving Setts and Kerbs. [online] Available at: https://www.marshalls.co.uk/ commercial/natural-stone/products/galatea-granite-fine-picked-webfa091830 [Accessed 14 May 2017].
Ribaproductselector.com. (2017). Armourplan PVC roof membrane product brochure. [online] Available at: https://www.ribaproductselector.com/armourplan-pvc-roof-membrane-product-brochure/19448/col369015/download.aspx. Ribaproductselector.com. (2017). CEMEX - Fibre Concrete. [online] Available at: https://www.ribaproductselector.com/cemex-fibre-concrete/21068/ col1521068/download.aspx [Accessed 14 May 2017].
Ribaproductselector.com. (2017). Commercial lift brochure. [online] Available at: https://www.ribaproductselector.com/commercial-lift-brochure/7050/ col207050/download.aspx [Accessed 14 May 2017]. Ribaproductselector.com. (2017). Kawneer Curtain Wall Systems Brochure. [online] Available at: https://www.ribaproductselector.com/kawneer-curtain-wall-systems-brochure/4373/col527996/download.aspx [Accessed 14 May 2017].
Ribaproductselector.com. (2017). Protective Street Furniture. [online] Available at: https://www.ribaproductselector.com/protective-street-furniture/4959/ col921483/download.aspx [Accessed 14 May 2017]. The Building Regulations 2010. (2011). [Place of publication not identified]: NBS.
Health and safety in construction HSG150. (2017). 1st ed. Health and Safety Executive.
Hse.gov.uk. (2017). Cement - Controlling hazardous substances - Managing occupational health risks in construction. [online] Available at: http://www.hse. gov.uk/construction/healthrisks/hazardous-substances/cement.htm [Accessed 9 May 2017].
Legislation.gov.uk. (2017). The Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2015/51/contents/made [Accessed May 2017].