graphic design history 2000
1860
This brochure is part of an assignment for Contextual and Cultural Referencing class at Prague College. Brochure consists the graphic design movements selected by author. Each movemement is shortly described and then four key artists / designer are shown with they typical work.
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Petr Skovajsa Didot 1301 CCR 3
Arts and Crafs 1860_1900 Arts and Crafts was an international design movement that flourished between 1860 and 1910, A reaction to the eclectic revival of historic styles of the Victorian era and to ‘soulless’ machine-made production aided by the Industrial Revolution. [wikipedia]
WILLIAM MORRIS
CHARLES R. MACKINTOSH
William Morris, Kennet wallpaper
Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Stained glass
MARGARET MCDONALD
FRANCES MCDONALD
Margaret MacDonald, Frances MacDonald
Frances MacDonald, Birds B ows Be ads- c.1 900
4
Art Nouveau 1180_1914 An international decorative style whose identifying visual quality is an organic, plantlike line. Freed from roots and gravity, it can either undulate with whiplash energy or flow with elegant grace as it defnes modulates, and decorates a given space. [Megg’s History of Graphic Design]
JULES CHÉRET
EUGENE GRASSET
Palais de Glace, poster
Affiche Encre L. Marquet
ALPHONSE MUCHA
WILLIAM BRADLEY
Autumn
The Chap Book
5
Futurism 1900_1930 Futurism was an artistic and social movement that originated in Italy in the early 20th century. It emphasized and glorified themes associated with contemporary concepts of the future, including speed, technology, youth and violence, and objects such as the car, the airplane and the industrial city. It was largely an Italian phenomenon, though there were parallel movements in Russia, England and elsewhere. [wikipedia]
GIACOMO BALLA
FORUNATO DEPERO
The Speed of a Motorcycle, 1907
Ciclista moltiplicato
MARCEL DUCHAMP
KURT SCHWITTERS
Nude Descending a Staircase, detail, 1912
Portal of Houses, 1918
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Art Deco 1910_1930 Are Deco is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris, it was influenced by cubists and futurists. Art Deco was an ornamental style, and its lavishness is attributed to reaction to the forced austerity imposed by World War I. [wikipedia]
A. M. CASSANDRE
JEAN CARLU
SS Normandie
CAF Tous Voyages Aériens - Jean Carlu 1919
PAUL COLIN
AUSTIN COOPER
Paul Colin, Revue Nègre, 1924
Travel Poster- 1929
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Constructivism 1919_1922 Constructivism was an artistic and architectural philosophy that originated in Russia beginning in 1919, which was a rejection of the idea of autonomous art. The movement was in favour of art as a practice for social purposes. Constructivism had a great effect on modern art movements of the 20th century, influencing major trends such as Bauhaus and the De Stijl movement. [wikipedia]
ALEXANDER RODCHENKO
VAVARA STEPANOVA
The Sixth Part of the World, 1926
The Death of Tarelkin, 1922
GUSTAV KLUTSIS
EL LISSITZKY
Everyone vote, 1930
Self portret
8
Bauhaus 1919_1933 Bauhaus was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. Bauhaus brings back together all artistic disciplines: sculpture, painting, arts and crafts. [wikipedia]
WALTER GROPIUS
LASZLO MOHOLY-NAGY
Walter Gropius
L谩szl贸 Moholy-Nagy, 1927
HERBERT BAYER
VASILY KANDINSKY
Postcard for the 1923 exhibition
On White II, 1923
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Amercian design 1925_1950 Impact of European immigrants to America (Max Ernst, Marcel DuChamp, Piet Mondrian, Walter Gropius, Mies Van De Rohe, Herbert Bayer, Herbert Matter, Josef Albers, Laszlo Maholy-Nagy and Ladislav Sutnar). Use of new technologies and materials, and the application of mass-production techniques to create affordable objects. [wikipedia]
LESTER BEALL
MEHEMED AGHA
Lester Beall, 1937
Mehemed Agha, 1930
ALEXEJ BRODOVICH
HERBERT MATTER
Alexej Brodovich
Ad for the container corporation of america, 1941
10
New typography 1930_1950 The New Typography finds clarity through asymmetrical type that is organized by type content, rather than formalist type setting tradition. Designers organized the printed page as a blank field in which blocks of type and illustration could be arranged in harmonious, strikingly asymmetrical compositions. [wikipedia]
JAN TSCHICHOLD
ERIC GILL
Film poster Napoleon, 1927
Gill Sans type face
PIET ZWAR
LADISLAV SUTNAR
NKF Catalogue Pages 58-59, 1927-1928
Venuše Tančící go-go
11
Swiss style 1950_1980 Swiss style (International typographic style) was based on ideals of rationalism and universal communication. Unified visual characteristics: sans-serif typography, neutrality, grid system. Historical context: Basel School of Design; Ernst Keller- “Father of Swiss School of Graphics asymmetrical layout, flush left, ragged right ege use of photography Early examples featured type-primary design element. [wikipedia]
MAX BILL
EMIL RUDER
Did farbe, 1944
Emil Ruder poster
ARMIN HOFMAN
JOSEF M. BROCKMANN
Poster, 1959
Poster
12
Pop Art 1955_1980 Pop art challenged tradition by asserting that an artist’s use of the mass-produced visual commodities of popular culture is contiguous with the perspective of fine art. Pop removes the material from its context and isolates the object, or combines it with other objects, for contemplation. The concept of pop art refers not as much to the art itself as to the attitudes that led to it. [wikipedia]
ANDY WARHOL
ROY LICHTENSTEIN
Marilyn, 1967
Woman in Bath, 1963
JASPER JOHNS
EDUARDO PALOZZI
Map, 1961
Experience. 1964
13
Psychedelic mov. 1958_1975 Many artists in the late 1960s and early 1970s attempted to illustrate the psychedelic experience. One example of this experimentation is seen in Mati Klarwein’s painting Annunciation, which was used as the cover art for Santana’s Abraxas. The cover of Pink Floyd’s 1968 album. The cover of Oasis’ 2008 album, Dig Out Your Soul, also has a psychedelic album cover, with a slightly muted color scheme. [wikipedia]
VICTOR MOSCOSO
WES WILSON
Poster, 1960
The sound, 1966
MILTON GLASER
PETER MAX
Bob Dylan, 1966
Peter Max, poster
14
Street art 1955_1980 Graffiti is any type of public markings that may appear in the forms of simple written words to elaborate wall paintings. Graffiti has existed since ancient times, with examples dating back to Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire. In modern times, paint, particularly spray paint, and marker pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials. [wikipedia]
BANKSY
BLEK LE RAT
SWOON
SHEPARD FAIRAY
15
Post modernism 1970_2000 Postmodernism challenges the assumption that the object of study can be an autonomous entity. The values associated with the object are determined by the position from which the object is viewed and aesthetic appeal is regarded not as a universal value, outside of history, but rather as an ever-changing quality relative to the circumstance within which the object is consumed. [vads.ac.uk]
WOLFGANG WEINGART
DAN FRIEDMAN
Poster, 1983
Magazine cover, 1976
APRIL GREIMAN
WOLFGANG WEINGART
Iris Light, 1984
Adtistic
16
Information vizual. 1970_2000 Data visualization is the study of the visual representation of data, meaning information that has been abstracted in some schematic form, including attributes or variables for the units of information. Main goal of data visualization is to communicate information clearly and effectively through graphical means. [wikipedia]
HERBERT BAYER
LADISLAV SUTNAR
Pages from World Geo-Graphic Atlas
1950
FRANCESCO FRANCHI
NICHOLAS FELTON
Newspapers
Current infographics
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Petr Skovajsa Didot 1301 CCR