Ford+SPPG Conference 2015 program booklet

BUILDING RESILIENT CITIES ADDRESSING CRISIS & ONGOING STRESS

March 13-14, 2015

GERALD R. FORD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY • UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN—ANN ARBOR

Ford School Planning Committee Sessie Burns Co-Chairperson Brock Redpath Co-Chairperson Nick Pfost Director of Marketing and Communications Alyssa Backlund Committee Member Erin Pidot Committee Member Diana Won Committee Member Leila Yosef Committee Member Dr. Shobita Parthasarathy Faculty Advisor SPPG Planning Committee Jason Apostolopoulos Co-Chairperson Kat Valiquette Co-Chairperson Andrew Blackburn Communications Coordinator Lauren Wyman Logistics Coordinator Gagan Batra Fundraising Coordinator Morag Humphrey Associate Coordinator Ford School Staff and Faculty Dr. Barry Rabe Lindsay Price Susan Guindi Bonnie Roberts Thaya Rowe Conference Program Pfost Design Photography Peter Smith Nick Pfost Getty

The 2015 Ford+SPPG Conference is the 6th annual student-led policy conference between the University of Toronto’s School of Public Policy and Governance and the University of Michigan’s Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy. Held in the Winter semester, the event brings together students from both schools in a team-based learning environment where they are challenged to analyze, evaluate, and present key findings related to a current policy issue facing both sides of the border.

The problems facing cities today can be daunting, and the global economic recession that began in 2008 has highlighted many of these challenges that extend beyond the scope of any single catastrophic event. Resilience is about more than our preparedness for shocks like natural disasters or sudden human conflict. It is also about proactively engaging the ongoing stresses that fracture communities, neighborhoods, commerce, and the exchange of information and ideas - and these stresses span the policy areas of governance, education, infrastructure, affordable housing, unemployment, community cohesion, and beyond.

The United States and Canada share more than simply a border or the coastlines of the North American continent. We enjoy tremendous trade opportunities, the exchange of ideas, shared cultures and languages, the vast natural resources of the Great Lakes, and a commitment to partnering on issues of regional and global importance like the health and resilience of our cities. So, we ask ourselves: how can we work together to enhance the resilience of our cities?

Creating better public policy starts here. → Check out the conference history on page 10

CONTENTS at a glance

Welcome Letters............................................2 Etiquette for Inclusion....................................4 Schedule of Events.........................................5 Plenary Sessions.............................................6 Faculty & Students...........................................8 History of Ford+SPPG......................................10 2015 Case Competition......................................12 Defining Resiliency

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"Resilience" in the News

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Guidelines 17 Case 1: Shocked

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Case 2: Stressed

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Maps.....................................................................26

Get Connected @fordsppg #fordsppgCITIES

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March 13, 2015 ulty, and staff: Dear students, fac

re to y, it is my pleasu ol of Public Polic ho Sc rd Fo R. d me n’s Geral y pleased to welco iversity of Michiga We are especiall As dean of the Un ce, who PPG Conference. +S rd Fo al nu an y and Governan the sixth ol of Public Polic ho Sc nto welcome you to ro To of iversity ulty from the Un ar’s events. students and fac rticipate in this ye pa to r bo Ar n An to led ve tra have future nt links between to build importa d ve ser s ha lped ce conferen d interests and he g, this student-led awareness of share d ote om Since its beginnin as pr s d, ha en t border. It te school. To tha both sides of the ort time in gradua sh ur policymakers on yo ct er aft nta g co dure lon time to exchange ships likely to en you will take the to build relation s weekend, I hope thi ce ren nfe co the you participate in —as well as ideas. your counterparts th wi n tio ma in or inf d the world, and ny nations aroun ma to t an ev rel d is an t Cities, continue to grow , Building Resilien our two nations This year’s theme ment concern as lop ve de c mi no tral eco particular, is a cen y. er and individuall eth tog th bo e evolv erge for social opportunities em be charted, new to es nu nti co nt are me ies y policy environ These opportunit As the 21st centur d crisis response. financial practices, ban planning an ur ry in ato s ed on pr ati ce, ov climate scien and political inn d the ing opposition to tween Canada an challenges, includ shared vision be a of ise om pr accompanied by e tation. Th nference. keholder represen for this year’s co and incomplete sta as the motivation s ve ser ies cit r arding ou United States reg iversity of agues from the Un ation. To our colle cip rti pa ur yo well, to the u for special thanks, as thank each of yo us this year. My it Again, I’d like to vis to p tri creative the g testament to their eciate your makin sting agenda is a ere Toronto: we appr int ry ve e tin Th las g crossls. from both schoo ild beneficial and student planners ch other, and bu ea m fro rn lea u work. I hope yo energy and hard ips for the future. sh border relation Sincerely,

Susan M. Collins blic Policy Weill Dean of Pu Joan and Sanford

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

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Etiquette for

Inclusion F

ord+SPPG provides an opportunity for people to come together for a few days to learn and grow through the knowledge and experience of others.

Student and faculty participants come from around the world and from many walks of life. One of the primary aims of the Ford+SPPG Conference is to promote a safe environment where everyone feels affirmed and supported to be themselves. Only when people feel safe and supported will they be able to participate in the marketplace of ideas and to have the conversations that are vital for improving our communities.

The University of Michigan and the University of Toronto pride themselves on providing inclusive environments. Let us strive for greater inclusivity than ever before and set an example for all communities that work for better public policy. Please realize and respect that the experiences, realities, or perspectives of others may differ from your own. Practice active listening, refrain from making assumptions, leave room for multiple narratives and solutions, and most importantly, approach this weekend with an open mind.

Language, Pronouns, and Terms

Smoking

We encourage participants to use inclusive language and avoid derogatory language. Be aware and considerate of individuals’ preferred gender pronouns. For example, if someone prefers gender-neutral pronouns, respect their wishes and use those pronouns when referring to them. If you are unsure about someone’s pronoun preference, simply ask. If you make a mistake, correct yourself and apologize. For most individuals, it is not a big deal if you slip up unintentionally. Also, diverse pronoun usage may be new and confusing to some, so be patient; building resilient cities requires nothing less.

The state of Michigan has enacted a law prohibiting smoking in all indoor public spaces and food service establishments. The University of Michigan has also enacted an ordinance prohibiting smoking in all indoor and outdoor spaces on its campuses. These regulations include your hotel rooms, the Diag, and campus courtyards, though smoking is permitted on sidewalks adjacent to non-campus properties. The law is enforced by the police and is meant to provide indoor comfort for all individuals. If you do smoke, please do so outside, and be aware that many buildings have policies which state that smoking is prohibited within 25 feet from the building. Please be courteous to those who may be near or downwind of you.

Gender Neutral Restrooms Gender neutral restrooms are available at Weill Hall. Respect that the gender neutral restrooms are for the use of anyone, no matter their sex, gender, or gender identity. Gendered restrooms are also available. See maps on page 26-27 for more information.

Disabilities Please be respectful of people with disabilities, and forgo using words such as retard(ed), cripple, gimp, downy, special ed, lame, crazy, etc. in a derogatory way. Words like these have been used to bully and oppress individuals with differing abilities for many decades. Please consider the implications of your words and do not use these words casually.

Sexual Responsibility Sexual assault is defined as performing a sexual act with or on a person who has not given, has denied, or is unable to give consent. Consent, with respect to sex, is the voluntary approval of a person to engage in sexual activity. A person cannot give consent if they are severely intoxicated, unconscious, asleep, or severely physically/mentally disabled. It is in all parties’ best interest to ask or clarify consent before any sexual act.

If consent from both or multiple parties is given, we encourage them to keep in mind their responsibilities to prevent the transmission of HIV, STIs/STDs, and unintended pregnancies.

If you are sexually assaulted, contact the University of Michigan’s Sexual Assault Prevention & Awareness Center (SAPAC) 24hour Crisis Line (734-936-3333).

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

SCHEDULE

A weekend of policy innovation

Friday, March 13

Saturday, March 14

4:00 PM

Opening reception Great Hall

8:45 AM

Breakfast Great Hall

5:00 PM

Opening remarks & welcome Annenberg Auditorium

9:15 AM

Keynote #2: Douglas Kelbaugh Betty Ford Classroom

5:20 PM

Keynote #1: Joseph Schilling Annenberg Auditorium

9:50 AM

Introduction to the 2015 case Betty Ford Classroom

6:00 PM

Facilitated panel discussion Annenberg Auditorium

10:00 AM

Case preparation See insert for room assignments

6:45 PM

Closing remarks Annenberg Auditorium

12:00 PM

Working lunch Great Hall, on your own

7:00 PM

End of day

2:00 PM

Presentations due

2:30 PM

Presentations (groups 1-4) Betty Ford Classroom

3:30 PM

Break and group photo Betty Ford Classroom

4:00 PM

Presentations (groups 5-8) Betty Ford Classroom

5:00 PM

End of competition

7:00 PM

Banquet and awards Vandenberg Rm, Michigan League

Are you prepared?

All conference booklet content is now online, including: • Schedules • Speaker & faculty biographies • PowerPoint templates • Tweet Drafter Open your device’s browser and visit fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

Email slide decks to sessie@umich.edu

Fordies: Please note that this weekend's schedule will not operate on Michigan time.

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PLENARY SESSIONS Distinguished policy practicioners and academics

Keynote Speakers Joseph Schilling

Director, Metropolitan Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Professor Schilling leads the Metropolitan Institute’s Sustainable Communities Initiative that investigates innovative ways of creating eco-sustainable neighborhoods and regions through better design, planning, and collaboration (www.mi.vt.edu). His research explores the design, implementation and transfer of innovative policies and programs through case studies, peer exchanges, and policy charrettes covering diverse topics as smart growth, active living, vacant property reclamation, sustainability, shrinking cities, and zoning code reform.

As a founding member of the National Vacant Properties Campaign, Professor Schilling facilitates strategic problem solving among federal, state and local officials, neighborhood groups, the housing industry, and community development practitioners to reclaim vacant properties and rebuild cities. Schilling led the Campaign’s assessment studies in Cleveland (2004), Dayton (2004), Buffalo (2006), Toledo (2008) and Youngstown/Mahoning County (2009). He is currently working with nonprofits in Philadelphia and Kansas City on vacant property strategies and also the code enforcement programs for New Orleans and Detroit. In the 2008 autumn edition of the Journal of the American Planning Association, Schilling and his co author (and former UAP Graduate Assistant) Jonathan Logan set forth a new planning model for reconfiguring cities confronting the challenges of urban shrinkage (Greening the Rust Belt).

Professor Schilling's studio work illustrates his philosophy of linking policy and practice. From 2007-2009 he co-lead the Eco City Studio to devise an Eco-City Charter and Environmental Action Plan for the Institute’s home city of Alexandria, Virginia. He now leads a studio that studies new planning and regeneration models for shrinking cities. In the fall of 2009 the studio visited Cleveland as their host city. Schilling has taught Negotiations and Community Involvement, Land Use Law and Policy, Zoning Administration, Redevelopment of Vacant Properties, Greyfields and Brownfields, Sustainability Planning and Environmental Policy and Public Health and Planning—an experimental course that examined the trans-disciplinary connections between land use, food systems, and planning policy.

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Douglas Kelbaugh

Professor of Architecture & Urban Planning Taubman College of Architecture & Urban Planning, Univ. of Michigan Doug Kelbaugh is Professor of Architecture and Urban Planning in Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning. After serving as dean of the college from 1998 to 2008, he took a two year leave and served as the Executive Director of Design and Planning at Limitless LLC, a public Dubai real estate development company where he oversaw the planning and design of large, mixed use, walkable, transit-oriented projects in Asia, the Middle East, Europe and Africa.

He is currently teaching graduate studios in architecture and urban design, and the graduate lecture course "Sustainable Urbanism and Architecture" and an undergraduate lecture course "Architecture, Sustainability and the City."

Throughout his career he has written, spoken and consulted on numerous private and public development projects in the US and abroad. One of the first to popularize the contemporary urban design charrette, he has organized and participated as a team leader in over thirty of these three- to five-day design workshops in North America, Europe, Asia and Australia. He has also consulted for the National Renewable Energy Lab and for the OECD on housing and urban development in Scandanavia.

With Peter Calthorpe he edited and co-authored in 1989 The Pedestrian Pocket Book, a national bestseller in urban design that helped jumpstart Transit-Oriented Development. Kelbaugh authored COMMON PLACE: Toward Neighborhood and Regional Design, a book on the theory, design and practice of regionalism published by the University of Washington Press in 1997, now in its second printing. Its sequel, Repairing the American Metropolis: Beyond Common Place, was published in 2002.

More recently, he has edited The Michigan Debates on Urbanism (2005) and Writing Urbanism, an urban design reader (2008). His countless articles, essays, book chapters, and editorials have appeared in many journals and magazines worldwide.

Kelbaugh is a designer and planner of international scope; academic leader and teacher in architecture, urban design, and community planning; energy and sustainability expert; prolific writer; frequent guest commentator in the print and electronic media; popular conference and public speaker; and civic activist.

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FACULTY & STUDENTS Participants at Ford+SPPG 2015

Faculty & Alumni Judges Barry Rabe

Professor of Public Policy and Director of CLOSUP Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan Barry Rabe is the J. Ira and Nicki Harris Family Professor of Public Policy, Arthur Thurnau Professor at the Ford School, and director of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy (CLOSUP), with additional appointments in the Dept. of Political Science, the Program in the Environment, and the School of Natural Resources and Environment. He is also a non-resident senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. Much of his recent research examines sub-federal development of policies to reduce greenhouse gases in the United States and other federal systems. In 2006, Barry became the first social scientist to receive a Climate Protection Award from the US Environmental Protection Agency in recognition of his contribution to both scholarship and policymaking. He teaches public management, environmental policy, and a seminar on climate change at the Ford School.

Pamela Bryant

Fellow and Professor, School of Public Policy & Governance, Univ. of Toronto Pam Bryant teaches a course in the core MPP curriculum and is faculty coordinator for several student leadership initiatives. She played a founding role in the design and launch of the school, including development of the MPP internship program and in building relationships with governments, business and the non-profit sectors. Prior to joining SPPG, Pam’s 32 year career spanned local government and the Ontario Public Service, serving in various senior executive roles including Assistant Deputy Minister appointments in the Management Board Secretariat, Community and Social Services, Ontario Women’s Directorate and Citizenship and Immigration. From 2004-5 she served as Deputy Minister, Citizenship and Immigration and Deputy Minister responsible for the OWD and the Seniors Secretariat. Pam has extensive experience in public policy development and public service delivery reform and co-led the founding of the OPS Policy Innovation and Leadership initiative.

Chris Dorle

Strong Cities Strong Communities Fellow, Detroit Future City Chris Dorle (Ford School MPP '07) is a Strong Cities, Strong Communities Fellow serving Detroit Future City (DFC) as convener of the City Systems Working Group. He has previously worked with Arbor Strategy Group (now GFK Strategic Innovation), a strategy consulting firm, and has several years of experience working in international development and humanitarian assistance with the US Agency for International Development (USAID), which he joined as a Presidential Management Fellow. He has also worked with the Department of State, AECOM, and the William Davidson Institute.

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

THE FORD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC POLICY & GOVERNANCE

Niketa Brar Kurstin

MPP

2- Stressed

Andrew Blackburn

MPP

5 - Shocked

Luis De La Cruz

MPP

2- Stressed

Leah Bowes

MPP

2 - Stressed

Katie Eddins

MPP

4 - Stressed

James Drummond

MPP

1 - Stressed

Grace Evans

MPP

1 - Stressed

Emma Helfand-Green

MPP

8 - Shocked

Megan Foster Friedman

MPP

1 - Stressed

Ellen Hines

MPP

4 - Stressed

Luke Horner

MPP

6 - Shocked

Morag Humphrey

MPP

2 - Stressed

Aliza Kazmi

MPP

4 - Stressed

Creig Lamb

MPP

4 - Stressed

Andrew Kraemer

MPP

5 - Shocked

Zach Lewson

MPP

1 - Stressed

Jon Luke

MPP/MA

1 - Stressed

Jon Magill

MPP

7 - Shocked

Rasheed Malik

MPP

7 - Shocked

Nick Maclean-Bowman

MPP

8 - Shocked

Ruth McDonald

MPP/MPH

7 - Shocked

Katelyn Margerm

MPP

7 - Shocked

Selam Misgano

MPP/MPH

3 - Stressed

Arielle Mayer

MPP

6 - Shocked

Lauren Moran

MPP

3 - Stressed

Brynne Moore

MPP

3 - Stressed

Kyle Murphy

MPP

8 - Shocked

Alexis Mulvenna

MPP

3 - Stressed

Morteza Nazari

MPP

2 - Stressed

Jeff Rajesky

MPP

8 - Shocked

Nick Pfost

MPP

5 - Shocked

Jessica Riehm

MPP

6 - Shocked

Chanera Pierce

MPP

8 - Shocked

Stephen Satterfield

MPP

7 - Shocked

Khush Singh

MPP

3 - Stressed

Rob Scherf

MPP

5 - Shocked

Seema Singh

MPP

4 - Stressed

Abiola Sulaiman

MPP

5 - Shocked

Amy Wallace

MPP

6 - Stressed

Jordan Thirgood

MPP

6 - Shocked

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HISTORY OF FORD+SPPG A Canada/United States policy conference

2012

Prosperity & Partnership in the Great Lakes EVEN-NUMBERED YEARS

School of Public Policy and Governance University of Toronto Toronto, ON

Keynotes: • Jeffrey Izzo; Chief of Political & Economic Affairs, US Consulate Toronto; • Laura Dawson, President of Dawson Strategic The Great Lakes – St. Lawrence region is an area that faces a number of challenges with respect to economic development and environmental protection. The Vital Commons, a report commissioned by the Mowat Centre, highlighted the need for collaboration and cooperation in the Great Lakes region. According to the report, the region, consisting of eight states and two provinces, must find ways to collaborate on a number of important policy-related areas, like cross-border trading and water preservation, to remain competitive and sustainable.

2010 Inaugural Ford+SPPG Conference

American & Canadian Policy in the 21st Century: Is What Unites Us Still Greater than What Divides Us?

ODD-NUMBERED YEARS

Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI

2011

2013

Eroding North America’s Borders

Arctic Sovereignty

Keynote: • Dr. Roy B. Norton, Consul General of Canada in the City of Detroit

Keynotes: • Henry Pollack, Nobel Laureate; • Tom Clynes, author/photojournalist

Student participants were divided into groups to work on policy case studies on one of three issues: equitable access to healthcare, sustainable urban growth, and the role of private business in spurring innovation. Participants devised policy options and presented their findings to a panel of experts for feedback.

2013 marked a shift toward organizing the conference as a policy and business case competition. For the first time, students also participated in a pre-conference event on both campuses, which allowed students time to dig deeper into the issues and practice pulling together a compelling presentation in a limited amount of time.

“This initiative will provide a forum for debate and an opportunity for Canadian and — KELSEY NORMAN (SPPG ALUMNA) ON THE FIRST FORD+SPPG CONFERENCE, 2010 10

Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

“What unites us is far greater than what divides us.”

— UNITED STATES PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY TO THE CANADIAN PARLIAMENT, 1961

2014

Big Data: Progress v. Privacy?

Keynotes: • Nora Young, host of Spark on CBC Radio One; • Andrew Clement, UT Professor of Information.

Organized again as a policy case competition, the conference addressed issues surrounding the growing use of Big Data in the every day. Students were divided into eight teams to tackle the policy areas of health care, education, energy, and police services, analyzing the potential benefits and risks associated with leveraging Big Data in these areas.

2016 and beyond

2013-2014 Ford School back-to-back centennials

To Be Decided >>>

2015

Building Resilient Cities: Addressing Crisis & Ongoing Stress Keynotes: • Joe Schilling, VA Tech Metropolitan Institute Dir.; • Douglas Kelbaugh, Prof. of Architecture & Urban Planning, University of Michigan The problems facing cities today can be daunting, and the global economic recession that began in 2008 has highlighted many of these challenges that extend beyond the scope of any single catastrophic event. Resilience is about more than our preparedness for shocks like natural disasters or sudden human conflict. It is also about proactively engaging the ongoing stresses that fracture communities, neighborhoods, commerce, and the exchange of information and ideas - these stresses span the policy areas of governance, education, infrastructure, housing, unemployment, community cohesion, & beyond.

American students to connect with their future international colleagues.” fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

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DEFINING RESILIENCY 2015 CASE COMPETITION

What is a resilient city?

Resiliency means different things for different organizations and cities. No matter the scope of the definition, resiliency connotates forward-thinking and a holistic approach to mitigate the inherent risks of time and change on communities. Below are some ways that leaders working in resiliency have defined the concept of a resilient city, and how they approach working towards one.

100 Resilient Cities “CITY RESILIENCE is the capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses, and systems within a city to survive, adapt, and grow no matter what kinds of chronic stresses and acute shocks they experience.”1 “We can't predict the next disruption or catastrophe.

But we can control how we prepare for and respond to these challenges. We help make our cities better at adapting to the shocks and stresses of our world and transforming them into opportunities for growth.”2

Mayor of Istanbul, Turkey “With its city built on fault lines, the population of Istanbul has suffered greatly from a lack of proper planning, leaving it at risk. Two questions to consider: How to rehabilitate existing settlement areas and how to plan new settlements in light of the dangers. All countries must collaborate, with governments devising the approach and displaying the will to get the job done, aided by non-governmental organisations and the public, who should be aware of the dangers of specific buildings’ potential for collapse. The private sector must also contribute. A clear road map must enable cities to take concrete steps and cooperate with each other because they all face similar dangers. There is no time to lose because the loss of more lives and property is imminent.

According to Istanbul’s experience, urban settlements must be transformed and community members must be included in the project. It’s not just top-down; it’s also bottom-up.”3

VA Tech Metropolitan Institute “Designing, planning, and governing for resilience remains a critical challenge facing organizations, networks, cities, regions, and nations. Research on resilience is an

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

inter-disciplinary pursuit. Resilience as a concept can be seen as an attractor – drawing multiple theoretical and applied perspectives. Physicists and engineers study the concept of resiliency, so do social scientists from organizational theorists to sociologists and urban planners.

The notion of resilience even attracts the interest of ecologists, meteorologists, and others involved in environmental sciences. The Metropolitan Institute serves as a collaborative platform for researchers to study resilience as it applies to the design of organizations, communities, cities, and nations. We take a holistic view of the study of resilience that embraces economic, social, structural, organizational, and governance elements.

Our research has examined salient issues such as the design of early warning systems to predict crises, public and private responses to slow-burning challenges, virtual crisis centers, resilience of political dissenters during case of color revolutions, design of resilient information organizations, simulation and modeling of resilient networks (e.g. terrorist networks), and linking regional stresses to alternative resilience frameworks. Currently, we have several projects on resiliency.

A theoretical examination is underway to look at issues of designing resilient organizations in the face of shrinking time horizons to take advantage of opportunities, pressures to be lean and have no, or very minimal, slack in systems, and the high-degree of interdependencies among resources, systems, and organizations. The goal of this project is to arrive at design guidelines for building resilient organizations, while exploring fundamental questions such as how do we measure resilience, what are the ideal levels of resilience given the nature of threats (and opportunities), and what does it mean to be resilient (return to a prior equilibrium state, identification of a new equilibrium state, or something more radical such as the a redefinition of the nature and spirit of the entity).

Another project is studying the design of resilient networks. In this project, we are drawing on advances in computer science, electrical engineering, and physics to help us advance the design and management of socio-technical networks. Specifically, we are looking at how networks, especially public sector and public-private collaborations, should be governed for resilience. We are interested in studying how the nature of resource distribution, governance capabilities and responsibilities, network structure, goal alignment, and environmental dynamism affects the design and operations of organizational networks.

Resiliency in the face of incremental threats is another area of interest. Incremental threats mature over time and work to slowly destroy an entity’s ability to be resilient (undermine the capabilities, collection of resources, lock-them into a pre-defined paths, etc). Looking back in time to see how others have responded to incremental threats has proven useful in uncovering how responses are crafted and how effective they are in light of longer-term and incremental threats. In one related project, we examine how industrial Midwestern regions of the United States responded to the incremental threats of economic restructuring during the 1980s and beyond. This project investigates the significance of regions, what constitutes resilience in the face of these challenges, and what factors help to build and sustain regional resilience.”4

United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction “Disaster risk reduction is an investment, not a cost. It increases business returns. Albay has seen a surge in investments, even after typhoons and volcanic eruptions. Climate change adaptation and risk reduction allow development to proceed amid disasters, since they don’t disrupt people’s lives when the local government takes charge of the disaster.”5

"City Resilience.". 100 Resilient Cities. The Rockefeller Foundation. <http://www.100resilientcities.org/resilience#/-_/>.

"100 Resilient Cities Challenge." 100 Resilient Cities. The Rockefeller Foundation.

3 Mr. Kadir Tobpas, Mayor of Istanbul, President of the United Cities and Local Governments. From his intervention at the United Nations General Assembly Thematic Debate on Disaster Risk Reduction, February 2011.

4 "Resilience." Metropolitan Institute. Virginia Tech. <https://www.mi.vt.edu/research/resilience/>.

5 UNISDR. "How To Make Cities More Resilient." The United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction, 1 Mar. 2012. Web. <http://www.unisdr.org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdf>.

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All conference booklet content is now online, including schedules, speaker & faculty biographies, PowerPoint templates, and a Tweet Drafter. Open your device’s browser and visit fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

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RESILIENCY IN THE NEWS 2015 CASE COMPETITION

Press Release The Rockefeller Foundation, World Bank Group Innovate to Improve Cities’ Access to Funding for Low-Carbon Infrastructure WASHINGTON, February 18, 2015—The World Bank Group, with support from The Rockefeller Foundation, will expand its program to help cities unlock capital to deliver needed infrastructure for a climate-smart urban future.

The Foundation has provided a grant of US$1 million as seed funding for a new multi-donor trust fund to improve financial management and enhance creditworthiness of developing country cities through the Bank’s “City Creditworthiness Initiative.” The grant will enable close collaboration to bring the Bank’s Initiative to five cities over three years, which will include cities selected as part of the network for 100 Resilient Cities – Pioneered by The Rockefeller Foundation .

“In the face of urbanization, globalization and climate change, creating infrastructure that builds resilience in cities is more critical than ever,” said Saadia Madsbjerg, managing director at The Rockefeller Foundation. “For nearly a decade, The Rockefeller Foundation has been working with cities to strengthen access to financing options to get these projects off the ground.”

In a rapidly urbanizing world, the demand for infrastructure is vast. According to estimates,the global investment shortfall in infrastructure is at least $1 trillion per year. Cities will require better access to capital markets and large scale project finance to pursue a low-carbon growth path. Today, just 4% of the 500 largest developing country cities have globally recognized credit ratings and only 20% in local markets, limiting their access to private capital.

The Bank’s “City Creditworthiness Initiative” aims to address this challenge by helping cities improve financial management and creditworthiness through a range of activities spanning several years – from training workshops to follow-up support for action planning, technical assistance for adaptation or mitigation projects, and fund raising.

“Achieving creditworthiness is a long journey, but all cities can benefit while they pursue this path by improving fundamentals. The support provided by The Rockefeller Foundation will enable us to help more cities achieve sustainable and inclusive growth in the long term, working with a broad range of partners focused on the cities and climate change agenda,”said Marisela Montoliu Muñoz, director for urban and disaster risk management, World Bank Group Social, Urban, Rural and Resilience Global Practice.

Under the “City Creditworthiness Initiative,” which was developed as part of a World Bank Group program to enable cities to strengthen climate action and avoid the prospects of a 4-degree warmer world – a future that would disproportionately impact poor or vulnerable people – four creditworthiness training workshops have been conducted since October 2013 in Nairobi, Seoul, Arusha and Bogotá, helping 80 cities from 23 countries. Additional workshops are planned in Kigali, Kampala, and Amman, for cities in Rwanda, Uganda and West Bank Gaza respectively.

An advisory committee comprised of representatives from The Rockefeller Foundation, 100 Resilient Cities, the World Bank, the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) Initiative, and the Public-Private Infrastructure Advisory Facility – Sub-National Technical Assistance Program is selecting the five new cities which will receive support.

The scope of work for each city will be developed in collaboration with municipal and government officials. All partners, including those from selected countries, will have a chance to review the action-plans and join forces in the design and implementation of the technical assistance programs.

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Op-Ed Listening to the volcano: Indigenous communities blend ancestral knowledge with contemporary seismology to reduce disaster risk in Colombia On Ricardo Mena’s first humanitarian mission with the United Nations in April 1994, the only way to fly over southwestern Colombia’s Valle del Cauca was by police helicopter. Mena had been assigned to track indigenous Nasa displaced by the Páez River earthquake, but an eager police officer kept leaning over to photograph the poppy fields below.

After having been exploited by colonists for centuries the Nasa, who live in the foothills of the Andes, were enmeshed in a 50-year battle between the national government and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), who value their land as a highly strategic drug-trafficking corridor.

But the devastation Mena saw from the helicopter had little to do with the drug trade. Days before, the earthquake had sent mudslides careening down the sides of the Cauca’s mountainous terrain into the Páez River below. “It was as if a tiger had scratched the earth,” said Mena. “It was right at the end of the rainy season that the earthquake happened, and it took away all the vegetation covering the mountains.”

The mulch of mud, trees and water engulfed 15 Nasa settlements in the river basin and killed some 1,100 Nasa people unable to evacuate to higher ground.

While areas like Valle del Cauca, located on the Pacific rim of fire, remain vulnerable to natural hazards, humanitarian disasters such as that which befell the Nasa in 1994 are preventable.

On April 18 2007, Colombia’s highest volcano Nevado del Huila erupted, melting part of the glacier that usually caps it. The resulting avalanche swept away roads, bridges, crops and animals, and once again hurled mudflows into the Páez and Simbola Rivers below. Like in 1994, the ongoing war meant that Nasa land was still replete with communications and security challenges; this time, however, there was no loss of life.

What had changed in the 13 years between the Páez River Earthquake and the Nevado del Huila Volcano eruption to enable the Nasa to endure such natural hazards? And how could lessons learned here help other remote or politically sensitive areas to become more resilient?

To consider such questions, Mena, now head of the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) regional office for Latin America and the Caribbean, and Simon Rogers of Japanese NGO Peace Boat’s Disaster Volunteer Center hosted a delegation of seven promoters of the UNISDR Making Cities Resilient Campaign as Peace Boat sailed between Valparaiso, Chile and Callao, Peru.

The campaign, launched by the UN in 2010, aims to engage individual municipalities in disaster risk reduction. Originally spread through city mayors who could sign up to become Campaign Champions, Mena’s Latin American office selected additional volunteer campaign promoters who were already carrying out exemplary Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) work in their respective fields.

Among the promoters who participated in Peace Boat’s onboard program were Ana Lucy Bengochea Martinez, a specialist in mapping vulnerable communities from Honduras, economist Javier González Müller from Uruguay, Nadeisdha Cisneros, an architect and town planner from Nicaragua, university professor Lorena Vargas from Costa Rica, Sidnei Fernandes, a director of Brazil’s Civil Defense in the Campinas region, and Chilean environmental engineer Susana Irene Fuentez Riquelme.

DRR is now recognized as an integral part of the sustainable development agenda, however according to Colombian promoter Henry Peralta, it is also inextricably linked with conflict resolution. “Peace is not possible just by ending the war with one of the [agents] of the conflict; peace starts with social justice and with the development of opportunities,” he said through an interpreter.

“The government creates different risks in the territory.

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2015 CASE COMPETITION

For that reason, peace is a tool that lets us strengthen resilience.”

During a discussion session on Peace Boat, Peralta – a civil engineer turned educator – shared his achievements as Colombia’s campaign promoter: building alliances with local and national governments, signing agreements with three municipality associations and 25 municipalities, and securing campaign financing from companies such as Ecopetrol. Much of Peralta’s success has stemmed from working with indigenous communities in southwestern Colombia.

When the Universidad del Valle’s Seismological Observatory of the Southwest detected activity at the Nevado del Huila Volcano in February 2007, Peralta and his colleagues were commissioned to install an early warning system for eruptions and develop an emergency evacuation plan for affected communities. However, Valle de Cauca’s status as a conflict zone and a lack of past government interventions made implementation complex.

“The first challenge was to get access to the affected areas, because there wasn’t any communication or any way to contact the Nasa,” Peralta said.

From the beginning, the observatory’s approach was to build respectful horizontal relationships with the Nasa.

Instead of contracting armed external security firms, for example, Peralta’s group retained indigenous escorts through the mountainous terrain. “The armed groups knew what we were going to do there,” he said. “At the same time there was a disaster situation, so the pressure was decreased.”

But early in the consultative process, Peralta saw that the Nasa could contribute far more than ancillary services.

He began by exploring collective memories of the 1994 Páez River Earthquake. Survivors in different villages told Peralta that they had been having similar dreams before the earthquake. Nasa ancestors had also advised against building houses in low-lying areas of the river basin – advice locals said had been forgotten or ignored.

When the Nevado del Huila Volcano became active in February, some Nasa felt vibrations in their shoulders or legs; others noticed fish dying or changes in the color of river water.

In order to incorporate the Nasa’s intimate knowledge of their land with data from the new observatory, Peralta devised a strategy for disaster risk reduction using the acronym ROSA, which stood for Recuerdo (memory), Observacion (observation), Sueño (dream) and Algoritmo (algorithms).

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Under Peralta’s system, Recuerdo referred to data collected from past seismological activity, but also incorporated collective memory and ancestral teachings; Sueño gave value to nocturnal and medicinally induced dreams; Observacion meant being attentive to signs in the body and in nature as well as to scientific instrumentation, which Peralta referred to as technological prosthesis.

“While indigenous [people] read and feel with the body, scientists wear prosthesis to feel. All the knowledge was shared on the table: their knowledge and our knowledge,” he said.

Every aspect of the evacuation strategy was implemented in tandem with the community: if GPS identified a potentially safe evacuation area, for example, it would be corroborated with traditional Nasa understanding of the land, and then fortified by protective rituals.

According to Peralta – who formalized his work with indigenous communities in a 2014 paper – application of the plan saved around 5,000 lives in the Valle de Cauca when the Nevado del Huila Volcano erupted in April 1997.

In November 2008, some 12,000 people were evacuated when the volcano erupted once again. Extensive instrumentation and effective preparation by the Nasa had again averted large-scale deaths.

Reflecting on the Peace Boat/UNISDR collaborative program, Peralta said that sharing experiences with the other promoters onboard was an important first step in building development processes. “It is not just about reducing risk and it is not just about natural disasters, its also about investment in the social, political, and economic issues and the life quality of the population,” he said.

Peralta’s work in Valle de Cauca – a territory marked by mistrust between indigenous populations, armed groups and the government – demonstrates the success that can be achieved through local ownership of disaster risk reduction strategies, and attests to the value of traditional knowledge of populations with centuries of experience in reducing disaster risk.

According to Peace Boat staff member Suzuki Takayuki, who has worked in Ishinomaki and other areas devastated by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011, such lessons are also relevant to Japan.

COMPETITION GUIDELINES Format & Rules

The Basics

All contestants have been broken up into eight (8) teams of five (5) with a mix of students from each respective institution. Each team will break off and go to their designated spaces to design a policy project or program that encompasses the views and desires of the team’s assigned stakeholder. Each team may do additional research, and any statistics used should be cited, however, we encourage imaginative solutions that focus more on the logical framework and intuitive (but explained) causation than the budgeting and groundwork. Time constraints are already quite prohibitive, so comprehensive policy analysis is not expected... However, bright ideas and persuasive presentations are encouraged.

• Each team will have 4 hours to prepare a powerpoint presentation to the judges.

• Every team member is expected to present.

• PowerPoints are due 30 minutes before presentations are set to begin. Please send a PDF version to sessie@umich.edu. There will be no changes allowed after 2:00 PM. • Use the powerpoint slides provided at fordsppgconference.wordpress.com/2015building-resilient-cities/participant-toolkit/ • No longer than 6 slides.

• The team will have 15 minutes total: 10 minutes to present, 5 minutes for Q&A. You will be cut off at the 10 and 15 minute marks.

Grading Rubric Awarded/ Points Possible Content Creativity of proposal

/40

Feasibility: scale compared to funding, availability of appropriate partners, reflection of reality in the city

/20

Efficiency: how much of the problem do they address, and is it a long-term solution

/20

Impact: how many stakeholders are included, and how many facets of the problem are addressed

/20

Presentation Basic presentation skills: eye contact, speed of speech, clarity

/20

Team involvement: equal levels of presentation

/10

Ability to field questions

/20

Total

/150

All conference booklet content is now online, including schedules, speaker & faculty biographies, PowerPoint templates, and a Tweet Drafter. Open your device’s browser and visit fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

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17

CASE 1

2015 CASE COMPETITION

SHOCKED |

Expecting natural disaster

Introduction From “Making cities resilient: From awareness to implementation”1:

From the UNISDR Handbook “How to Make Cities More Resilient”2:

“The concept of resilience is now widely adopted across academic and policy debates as a way of reducing society's vulnerability to threats posed by natural and human induced hazards. The "resilient city" is a comparatively new term, but is now increasingly used in disaster related literature and policy documents. However, its theoretical base is less well developed. The "resilient city" can be defined in different ways. One such definition is that it is "a sustainable network of physical systems (constructed and natural environmental components) and human communities" (Godschalk, 2003).

It can be further elaborated by identifying physical systems as built roads, buildings, infrastructure, communications, and energy facilities as well as waterways, soils, topography, geology, and other natural systems.

A disaster resilient city: • Is one where disasters are minimised because the population lives in homes and neighbourhoods with organized services and infrastructure that adhere to sensible building codes; without informal settlements built on flood plains or steep slopes because no other land is available.

• Has an inclusive, competent and accountable local government that is concerned about sustainable urbanization and that commits the necessary resources to develop capacities to manage and organize itself before, during and after a natural hazard event.

• Is one where the local authorities and the population understand their risks and develop a shared, local information base on disaster losses, hazards and risks, including who is exposed and who is vulnerable.

• Is one where people are empowered to participate, decide and plan their city together with local authorities and value local and indigenous knowledge, capacities and resources.

• Has taken steps to anticipate and mitigate the impact of disasters, incorporating monitoring and early warning technologies to protect infrastruture, community assets and individuals, including their homes and possessions, cultural heritage, environmental and economic capital, and is able to minimize physical and social losses arising from extreme weather events, earthquakes or other natural or human induced hazards.

• Is able to respond, implement immediate recovery strategies and quickly restore basic services to resume social, institutional and economic activity after such an event.

• Understands that most of the above is also central to building resilience to adverse environmental changes, including climate change, in addition to reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Built environment acts as the core in every city and facilitates the everyday life of human beings. Any destruction to the built environment disturbs the functioning of the human society, and economic and social development of the country due to its strong connection with the human activities. Thus, achieving a resilient built environment is of paramount importance in achieving resilient cities.

Local governments are the institutional level closest to the citizens and to their communities. They play the first role in responding to crises and emergencies and in attending to the needs of their constituencies. They deliver essential services to their citizens (health, education, transport, water, etc.), which need to be made resilient to disasters. There is a need for national governments, local government associations, international, regional and civil society organisations, donors, the private sector, academia and professional associations, as well as every citizen to engage in the process of making cities safe from disasters. Cities and local governments need to get ready, reduce the risks and become resilient to disasters.”

1 Helena, M. V., Amaratunga, D., & Haigh, R. (2013). Making cities resilient: From awareness to implementation. International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment, 4(1), 5-8. <http://dx.doi. org/10.1108/17595901311299035>

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

UNISDR. "How To Make Cities More Resilient." The United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction, 1 Mar. 2012. Web. <http://www.unisdr. org/files/26462_handbookfinalonlineversion.pdf>.

2

About Coastowne Coastowne

History

Coastowne /kﾅ行t toﾌｵun/ is the cultural, commercial and financial center of the west coast of mid- North America.

In the past several decades, Coastowne has grappled with the effects of sharply rising land values, gentrification, and urban sprawl stretching into outlying countryside. On 4 November 2003, voters approved a greenbelt plan under which the city government bought development rights on agricultural parcels of land adjacent to Coastowne to preserve them from sprawling development. Since then, a vociferous local debate has hinged on how and whether to accommodate and guide development within city limits.

The only consolidated city-county in the state of British Oregon, Coastowne encompasses a land area of about 46.9 square miles (121 km2) on the northern end of the SuRi Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,867 people per square mile (6,898 people per km2).

It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of British Oregon and the second-most densely populated major city in the North America after New York City. Coastowne has a Census-estimated 2013 population of 837,442.

Coastowne has inland marshes and miles of coastline that has been overdeveloped in the last twenty years.

Coastowne is also home to marine sea life, coastal rock faces, dunes, and other environmental characteristics that are being damaged with urban sprawl and industrialization.

Coastowne is a global city, with strengths in business, international trade, entertainment, culture, media, fashion, science, sports, technology, education, medicine and research. It has been ranked twelfth in the Global Cities Index and 15th Global Economic Power Index. The city is home to renowned institutions covering a broad range of professional and cultural fields and is one of the most substantial economic engines within North America. It hosted the 1960 Winter Olympics.

Coastowne is a popular tourist destination, known for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks including the cable cars, the former prison on Boblo Island, and its Koreatown district. Coastowne is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as the Edison Manufacturing Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Douglas Aircraft Company, Uber, Mozilla and Vultee. Coastowne is driven by fiber optics and the internet sector.

Climate Coastowne's climate is usually classified as Oceanic or Marine west coast, which under the Kﾃｶppen climate classification system would be Cfb. However, during summer months the inland temperatures are significantly higher. The summer months are typically dry, with an average of only one in five days during July and August receiving precipitation. In contrast, precipitation falls during nearly half the days from November through March. Coastowne is also one of the wettest North American cities; however, precipitation varies throughout the metropolitan area.

Race and ethnicity The racial divide in Coastowne is spread between the city and the coastal suburbs. The schools have also felt a divide as the populations gentrifies geographically.

Racial composition

2010

1990

1970

1940

White

49.8%

52.8%

77.2%

93.5%

Non-Hispanic

28.7%

37.3%

61.1%

86.3%

Black or African American

9.5%

14.0%

17.9%

4.2%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

48.5%

39.9%

17.1%

7.1%

Asian

11.3%

9.8%

3.6%

2.2%

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19

Summary

Information

Seismic activity off the coast shows greatly increased possibility of either tsunami or coastal earthquakes affecting Coastowne. The city is an enormous metropolitan area with many different ethnicities. We at the Ford Foundation have insight that there are minimal funds in the local budget earmarked as “Resiliency Development.” Since this term has just caught on, nobody in the Mayor’s office fully understands what that means.

The city planned on starting a resiliency department, but this seismic activity has forced time-sensitive decisions. Geologists claim that if any future effects are felt (either coastal or earthquakes), they will most likely be between the six to ten month window. The mayor’s office has concerns about disseminating information in a timely fashion amongst different ethnic groups.

Due to the expeditious need for systems and solutions, our normal grant processes are incompatible with the needs of Coastowne. In lieu of the standard evaluation period, the Foundation will provide a board of experts to receive oral proposals from each of the finalists. Donors have advised the board to not be concerned with detailed budgeting, as more money (within reason) can be made available to imaginative solutions. All solutions should focus on a city’s ability to deal with a possible shock from a natural disaster, should the seismic activity continue. A good proposal will address at least one, and perhaps more of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) five priorities.

We at the Ford Foundation believe that urban resilience should be at the forefront of the minds of policy makers and local leaders. We recognize the current situation in Coastowne and wish to provide financial support of $10mil USD to be given to the individual/organization that generates the idea that we believe is the most innovative approach to resiliency planning as well as the most efficient use of funds.

The board will convene on 14 March, 2015 in order to hear the presentations from each organization vying for a Coastowne Resiliency Grant. A good presentation will include an overarching idea and a logical framework showing or explaining why the use of funds on a specific output(s) will generate the outcome of resiliency. The board is generously donating their time and expect to be pitched efficiently and as comprehensively as possible about why your project or program is the most effective way to improve resiliency in Coastowne. In the Ford Foundation’s spirit of collaboration, equity, and accountability, each finalist will receive the same amount of time to present and should be prepared to deftly respond to five minutes of questioning from the panel.

All grant proposals should focus on building systems of resiliency and not on how to triage Coastowne should a natural disaster occur.

FIGURE 1.

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Presentation

FIGURE 2.

2015 CASE COMPETITION

Call for Proposals: Coastowne Resiliency Grant

Stakeholder Overviews Coastowne Public Works

Coastowne Digital

The CPW handles most of the infrastructure and service delivery systems for Coastowne. Obviously those working in the CPW will have a lot on their plate should any form of disaster stress the infrastructure of public works in the city. There is a rift inside the organization as to what the most likely disaster may be (earthquake or some form of coastal surge) and how money should be spent in a way that could help systems in case of either event. CPW handles water, electricity, roads, and the busses of Coastowne. Will the CPW act in self-defense?

Coastowne Digital, known colloquially as “The CD” is a coalition of tech firms, activists, social media entrepreneurs, and pretty much anybody that has anything to do with fiber optics or “.coms”. The largest part of the economy of Coastowne is dependent upon the internet. Disasters have always been a conversation topic for the CD, as they could threaten the systems in place protecting intellectual property and privacy. Some of the main transocean landings of fiber optic cables are close to Coastowne, yet this isn’t only an infrastructural problem, the CD is concerned with their lack of role in the resiliency planning of the city and feel their expertise has not been tapped.

Could the wires be cut? or used as a lifeline?

Coastowne Environmental Coalition (CEC) The CEC has been outspoken for years on what environmental effects could be felt and attributed to human activity. Whether this particular phenomenon is due to coastal development, dredging, poor wetlands management, or other disregard for the natural beauty of Coastowne is up for debate, but what is on the table currently is the possible environmental effects suffered now or the future role that environmental preservation could have in the prevention of later disasters. Tidal waves, tsunamis, and coastal surges would all wreak havoc on the pristine coastline, as well as inland marshes. Environmental protection has for years been seen as both an obligation as well as an investment to the CEC, could this be their chance to get heard?

Coast 2 Coast C2C began as a community group focused on diversity and linking the inner city of Coastowne to the corporate sector and the prestigious coastal suburban areas. It has since become the focal point for civil society in Coastowne and stresses collaboration and community cooperation. C2C connects religious groups and communities across racial and ethnic lines and has for years been frustrated with the municipal government for what they feel is “servicing those without need.” Can the C2C keep the tide high?

SPOTLIGHT WEILL HALL - GATEWAY TO CENTRAL CAMPUS Weill Hall, at the corner of State and Hill, is the gateway to the University of Michigan's Central Campus. It is also adjacent to the South University commercial center, which boasts student and resident-oriented restaurants and shops, including BurgerFi, Blue Leprechaun, The Brown Jug, Espresso Royale Cafe, Belly Deli, The Back Room, Starbucks, Big Ten Burrito, and the Grillcheezerie.

All conference booklet content is now online, including schedules, speaker & faculty biographies, PowerPoint templates, and a Tweet Drafter. Open your device’s browser and visit fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

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21

CASE 2

2015 CASE COMPETITION

STRESSED |

Adjusting for changing demographics

Introduction From “Resilientcities.org” We have chosen the word “resilience” as an umbrella term for the planning and design strategies needed in order to help our cities develop the necessary capacity to meet the challenges of the future.

Over the coming decades, the need to build capacity for greater resilience will require our cities to develop strategies for coping with the future shocks and stresses to our urban infrastructure systems associated with climate change. Our cites will also have to find ways to significantly reduce their dependence on oil and other fossil fuels - to find ways to become more self-sufficient and energy efficient in the face the economic realities of energy transition associated with energy scarcity (often now refered to as "peak oil"). We think that effective urban planning and building design could play an important role in facilitating the development of a greater capacity for future resilience.

In its common usage, the word "resilience" is typically understood to describe a material’s ability to recoil

or spring back into shape after bending, stretching, or being compressed. The term "resilience" the way we are using it has its origins in the science of ecology. In ecology, resilience has been described as the capacity of an ecosystem to tolerate disturbance without collapsing into a qualitatively different state. Thus, a resilient ecosystem is considered to be one that can more effectively withstand external shocks and rebuild itself after experiencing those shocks.

Resilience in human social systems understands there to be the added capacity of humans to be able to some extent anticipate and plan for the future. Resilience is conferred in both human and ecological systems by their capacities for adaptation to these external stresses and shocks. Contained in this document are definitions of resilience that have helped us in shaping the development of our resilient planning and design ideas and principles for resilient cities put forward at ResilientCity.org. As a working definition we put forward the following:

“A Resilient City is one that has developed capacities to help absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic, and technical systems and infrastructures so as to still be able to maintain essentially the same functions, structures, systems, and identity.”

To increase their capacities for resilience, we believe that cities will need to adopt urban planning and building design strategies that allow them to increase their abilities to better respond and adapt to the economic, social, and physical stresses they will face as they confront the challenges of increasing energy scarcity, climate change, and population change.

Developing the capacity for greater resilience will involve cities in a complex web of economic, planning, design and development decisions, that in combination, must be designed to transform our current highly

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

energy-intensive urban economic systems into much less energy-intensive and much less carbon-intensive ones. Our planning and design professions will be hugely challenged to find new paradigms, new technologies, new public services, new economic models -- and more -- in order to plan for and then implement the strategies that will in combination adequately increase the resilience capacities of our cities.1

1 "Resilience." ResilientCity.org. <http://www.resilientcity.org/index. cfm?id=11449>.

About Rustburgh Rustburgh Rustburgh /rӘst bӘrg/ is a city in the North American state of Ontio and is the county seat of Cuyga County,the most populous county in the state.

The city is located on the shore of Lake Erie. It was founded in 1796 at the mouth of the Cuyga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location on the lake shore, as well as being connected to numerous canals and railroad lines. Rustburgh's economy has diversified sectors that include manufacturing, financial services, healthcare, and biomedical. Economic diversity continues to grow by the percentages, but without employment increases.

As of the 2013 Census Estimate, the city proper had a total population of 890,113, making Rustburgh the largest city in Ontio after Colondon. Residents of Rustburgh are called "Rustburghers." Nicknames for the city include "The Rail City", "Metropolis of the Middle" and "R-Town."

History Rustburgh has gone through a long economic decline produced by numerous factors. In December 1978, Rustburgh became the first major North American city to enter into a financial default on federal loans since the Great Depression. By the beginning of the 1980s, several factors, including changes in international free trade policies, inflation and the Savings and Loans Crisis contributed to the recession that impacted cities like Cleveland.

While unemployment during the period peaked in 1983, Rustburgh's rate of 13.8% was higher than the national average due to the closure of several production centers.

Like many industrial North American cities, Rustburgh reached its population peak in the 1950 census. The peak population was 1.6 million people. Following suburbanization, industrial restructuring and loss of jobs, by the 2010 census, the city had less than 40 percent of that number at just under 900,000 residents. The city has declined in population with each subsequent census since 1950. The decrease in population, increase in city debts, and loss of both property and corporate taxes keep Rustburgh on the edge of financial collapse.

The decline has resulted in severe urban decay and thousands of empty homes, apartment buildings and commercial buildings around the city. The city has sought and considered various solutions such as demolition of abandoned homes and buildings; removal of street lighting from large portions of the city; and encouraging the small population in certain areas to move to more populated locations. It advises them that the city cannot provide as quick response for city services such as police in depopulated areas.

Demographics Rustburgh's 890,113 residents represent 269,445 households, and 162,924 families residing in the city. The population density was 5,144.3 people per square mile (1,895/km²). There were 349,170 housing units at an average density of 2,516.5 units per square mile (971.6/km²). Of the 269,445 households, 34.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 21.5% were married couples living together, 31.4% had a female householder with no husband present, 39.5% were non-families, 34.0% were made up of individuals, and 3.9% had someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. Average household size was 2.59, and average family size was 3.36.

There is a wide distribution of age in the city, with 31.1% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 19.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 89.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.5 males.

Race and ethnicity Arabic speaking Chaldeans, as well as Iraqi and Lebanese Muslim populations have grown beyond what is believed to be illustrated by this census. Public schools in Rustburgh have one of the largest varieties of first language speakers in North America.

Racial composition

2010

1990

1970

1940

White

37.3%

49.5%

83.7%

98.4%

Non-Hispanic

33.4%

47.8%

n/a

n/a

Black or African American

53.3%

46.6%

16.2%

1.6%

Hispanic or Latino (of any race)

10.0%

4.6%

n/a

n/a

Asian

1.8%

1.0%

0.2%

-

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Call for Proposals: Rustburgh Resiliency Grant

2015 CASE COMPETITION

Summary We at the Ford Foundation believe that urban resilience should be at the forefront of the minds of policy makers and local leaders. We recognize the current situation in Rustburgh and wish to provide financial support of $10mil USD to be given to the individual/organization that generates the idea that we believe is the most innovative approach to resiliency planning as well as the most efficient use of funds. This is not a stimulus package; but, it is an attempt to build systemic resilience to the current, and possible future stressors that challenge Rustburgh. De-industrialization threatens more cities than just Rustburgh. Technology continues to improve, semi-skilled labor abroad continues to grow and become cheaper in different regions of the world (or country), and resulting shuttered factories and workforce emigration exacerbates economic cycles and can cripple a cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s tax base, which in turn has a spiraling effect on public works and services.

Information Due to the expeditious need for systems and solutions, our normal grant processes are incompatible with the needs of Rustburgh. In lieu of the standard evaluation period, the Foundation will provide a board of experts to receive oral proposals from each of the finalists. Donors have advised the board to not be concerned with de-

tailed budgeting, as more money (within reason) can be made available to imaginative solutions. Reach for comprehensive, robust solutions that could connect communities, resources, government, etc. in order to make the most of a bad situation in Rustburgh (and begin to turn it around). The best of proposals will take into account the specific problems facing Rustburgh while also building upon systemic frameworks that could be utilized as best practices for other urban areas facing de-industrialization.

Presentation The board will convene on 14 March, 2015 in order to hear the presentations from each organization vying for a Rustburgh Resiliency Grant. A good presentation will include an overarching idea and a logical framework showing or explaining why the use of funds on a specific output(s) will generate the outcome of resiliency. The board is generously donating their time and expect to be pitched efficiently and as comprehensively as possible about why your project or program is the most effective way to improve resiliency in Rustburgh. In the Ford Foundationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s spirit of collaboration, equity, and accountability, each finalist will receive the same amount of time to present and should be prepared to deftly respond to five minutes of questioning from the panel.

SPOTLIGHT NICKELS ARCADE Nickels Arcade, the indoor glass-roofed shopping center between State Street and Maynard Street, is host to a number of specialty shops. Opened in 1819, it was later listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.

Nickels Arcade, just across the street from campus, is near many delicious local dining establishments, including Amer's Mediterranean Deli, Starbucks, Biggby Coffee, Panera, Jimmy John's, La Marsa, Ashley's, New York Pizza Depot, and HopCat.

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Stakeholder Overviews Rustburgh Community Development Corp. (RCDC)

Rustburgh Chamber of Commerce

RCDC has been around for about ten years. It began as a coalition between the mayor’s office and concerned citizen groups who felt Rustburgh was becoming ethnically, economically, and geographically fractioned to the point that it was losing its “community” feel. The RCDC used to work with unions and government to meet the needs of communities, but the slowing of industry in Rustburgh took away that facet of community for many citizens. RCDC believes that resiliency should be based on human relationships. Emigration and socio-economic rifts threaten the sense of community that the RCDC feels is vital to Rustburgh. Is there really strength in numbers?

The Rustburgh Chamber is full of locally owned businesses, but also houses the interests of multinational corporations. They believe that the only road to resilience is through industry, and see the current de-industrialization as a market cycle due to the inflated costs of manufacturing in North America. They insist that a firm economic foundation will provide Rustburgh with the resilience it needs to take on any challenges. The chamber of commerce and the city are in struggles about how to provide services and possible increase of taxation to businesses to cover the gaps. Can resilience be built or bought?

Rustburgh Education Connexion (REC) REC began as a group of teachers from schools across Rustburgh who would meet weekly to discuss the challenges and attempt to identify best practices of teaching in the city. After inviting community members to one of these meetings, it began to grow into a monthly forum where students, parents, and teachers would address issues common across the district.

REC has worked to implement externally funded programs to support the students of Rustburgh. The decrease in tax base and loss of property tax revenues in Rustburgh leave the district cash-strapped, with large class sizes, excessive dropout rates, and low test scores. Can a city be resilient with an uneducated population?

City of Rustburgh Rustburgh has historically had a difficult time agreeing on plans to address the changing situation in Rustburg. The city continues to suffer budgeting problems and needs new solutions to their public works and emergency response problems. There are more problems than solutions in Rustburgh, and the citizens and the leadership don’t need another band aid. The mayor’s office is reaching out to all employees of the city for a restructuring or building of systems that will equip the city against further shocks in the future. Can Rustburgh find assets from within?

All conference booklet content is now online, including schedules, speaker & faculty biographies, PowerPoint templates, and a Tweet Drafter. Open your device’s browser and visit fordsppgconference.wordpress.com

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WAYFINDING Joan and Sanford Weill Hall

Conference activities are scheduled for rooms on floors 1, 2, 3, and 5.

See program insert for session room assignments.

E S

N

1st Floor

W

1120 Annenberg Auditorium

KEY

1110 Betty Ford Classroom

Stern Plaza

Great Hall 1230 O’Neill Classroom

Elevators

1220 Fisher Classroom

1210 Frey Classroom

Women’s restroom

Exit to corner of State and Hill

Men’s restroom Gender neutral restroom

2nd Floor 2120 Steelcase

Student Lounge

Communications & Outreach Office

Exit to State Street

2215 Scowcroft Student & Academic Services Offices

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Ford+SPPG Conference 2015: Building Resilient Cities

Graduate Career Services & Alumni Relations Offices

3rd Floor

International Policy Center 3117 Hudak Family Computing Center 3113 Sigma Phi Epsilon Study Room 3240 3rd Floor Seminar Room

4th Floor

GENDER NEUTRAL RESTROOMS Lounge

Towsley Reading Room

Deanâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Suite

Joan and Sanford Weill Hall, located at the southern gateway to central campus, houses all of the Ford School's courses and faculty and the majority of the school's public events and activities. Constructed in 2006, the facility is state-ofthe-art--and yet provides warm and welcoming gathering spaces for students and faculty.

Center for Public Policy in Diverse Societies

RESEARCH CENTERS Development Office

Business & Grants Office

Center for Local, State and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) Center for Public Policy in Diverse Societies

Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program Office

5th Floor

Gendered restrooms are available on all other floors (1, 3, 4, and 5).

ABOUT WEILL HALL

Writing Center

Meijer Family Faculty & Staff Lounge

Gender neutral restrooms are available on floor 2.

Center for Local, State, & Urban Policy

Educational Policy Initiative (EPI) International Policy Center (IPC) National Poverty Center

National Poverty Center (NPC) Nonprofit and Public Management Center (NPM)

Education Policy Initiative

5240 5th Floor Seminar Room

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Temperature

Transportation Public Transit

Ann Arbor Area Transit Authority (AAATA) theride.org

Taxi-cabs Amazing Blue Taxi 734-846-0007 Ann Arbor Cab 734- 272-8009 Arbor Taxi 734-477-9970 Blue Cab Co. 734-547-2222 Michigan Green Cabs 1-877-476-8294 Stadium Taxi 734-695-0800 Uber

Informing state and local policy

The primary mission of the Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy (CLOSUP) is to conduct, support, and foster applied academic research that informs local, state, and urban policy issues. Through integrated research, teaching, and outreach involving policymakers, practitioners, researchers, students, and others, CLOSUP seeks to improve understanding of a wide range of policy issues facing states and local communities.

Research The Center conducts policy-relevant research projects on a variety of topical issues. Major ongoing research programs at CLOSUP include: The Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS). The MPPS is an ongoing program of survey research, gathering opinions and data from the leaders of Michigan’s general purpose local governments on a wide range of topics, including fiscal health, economic development, intergovernmental cooperation, employee policies, state relations, environmental sustainability, citizen engagement, and much more. The MPPS is designed to improve our understanding of local government, with the ultimate goal of fostering improved policymaking and quality of life in communities across the state.

The Energy and Environmental Policy Initiative (EEPI), featuring the National Surveys on Energy and Environment (NSEE). The EEPI is a program of coordinated activities including research projects, seminars, publications, training opportunities for students, and more, designed to bring the latest academic knowledge to bear on issues of energy, environmental, and climate policy. The NSEE program, conducted in partnership with the Muhlenberg College Institute of Public Opinion, includes twice per year national opinion surveys on issues related to climate change, as well as other energy and environment topics such as hydraulic fracturing (commonly called “fracking”), the Great Lakes, and much more.

Public Service & Outreach CLOSUP keeps a consistent focus on public service, working to bring the Center’s and the University of Michigan’s unique resources to bear on today’s issues of state and local policy. CLOSUP’s outreach efforts seek to link the Center’s research and teaching activities with policymakers, practitioners, and others interested in state and local policy issues. The Center’s outreach efforts include: policy reports and briefs; academic research reports; extensive web-based resources; online videos highlighting key research findings; conferences, seminars, and other events on campus; presentations off-campus to policymakers and practitioners.

CLOSUP in the Classroom CLOSUP enhances the classroom experience by engaging students through independent study, internships, and employment as research assistants on the Center’s projects. These activities provide hands-on training in social science research methods and practices, as well as opportunities both to work with original data that have not been analyzed previously, and to help drive the Center’s research findings. CLOSUP’s annual lecture series brings leading researchers and policymakers into the classroom, providing opportunities for students to meet in small groups with today’s thought leaders.

Please refer to www.closup.umich.edu for detailed information on our programs and activities. On Twitter: @closup

Joan and Sanford Weill Hall 735 S. State Street Ann Arbor, MI 48109 P: 734-764-3490 | F: 734-763-9181 fordschool.umich.edu

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