Published by All Life Media, LLC. Pittsburgh PetConnections was created in 2012. Our mission is to publish a high quality, informative publication focused on the Human-Animal Bond. We support local businesses and also assist local non-profit businesses for pets and people, to give back to our great Pittsburgh communities.
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THIS ISSUE:
Cover:
Richelle Jones and her support dog, “Bandit”. Photo credit by Michael Jones. Our spring Rescue & Shelter story features GRIN – Golden Retrievers in Need of Western PA, and Ohio.
Content:
Our local animal shelters:
Animal Friends has information on their Chow Wagon pet food bank. Humane Animal Rescue is offering their Camp Rescue summer camps for grade school children. Beaver County Humane Society is offering free adoption with their Senior 2 Senior program!
April Minech writes about how stronger bonds between trainers and dogs create more effective search and rescue teams.
Dr. Morrow outlines the facts about Avian Flu. Bernadette Kazmarski covers how everyday food and medications can be toxic to cats. Kristin Hermann instructs on balanced riding in the Equine affairs section.
We hope you enjoy these, and all of the articles in this issue!
Thank you for picking up this copy of PetConnections. We wish you and your pets a safe and happy spring season!
Warmly,
Carla Mader Publisher
Small ad budget? Highlight a new service, product or business, affordably! We have you covered with our directory listings for your business starting at $99 per year and featured directories $299, and these are both in print and on our website directories. Contact our sales team or email us for more information on directories and advertising.
PetConnections is published quarterly as follows: March, June, September, and special Holiday issue in early December! Our print copy distribution sites will be replenished every 6 weeks. Our online presence has always been much greater than in print with now over 600,000 impressions! To subscribe to your own personal copy of PetConnections, please contact us below.
Did you know? PetConnections has evolved into a full-service specialized pet media company, providing services for advertising in print and digital marketing platforms to help our sponsors grow their businesses. Contact us below for information on advertising or sponsoring!
Please submit any correspondence to: pghpetconnections@gmail.com Please check us out on the web & subscribe at: www.petconnections.pet Follow and “Like” us on Facebook! https://www.facebook.com/share/15ePn6iKf3/
Photo credit by Michael Jones
HUMAN-ANIMAL BOND
Relationships Build SAR Teams
by April Minech
“First of all, in my opinion, in order to have a Search and Rescue dog you need to have a heck of a relationship with them,” says John Rice, a retired fully certified K9 unit member under North American Police Work Dog Association (NAPWDA) - an all Golden Retriever unit. While others have opinions on whether a male or female do will make a better search dog, John believes it’s up to the personality of each individual dog. With both of his SAR dogs, John already had the relationship needed to pursue the field. “They both wanted to be with me, enjoyed doing things with me,” he explains.
Beginnings
When he was a Forest Ranger (who is also a sworn policeman) they had a report of a missing person in the 12,000 acre park he worked in and went out to search. The (all human) team searched for 12 hours in the rain and found nothing. They called in SAR with a team of dogs and within 20 minutes learned the person was no longer in
the area. Not long after, John saw an SAR training exercise in the park and was invited to have his golden retriever puppy, MacIntosh, join in. Interest in the SAR work evolved through John’s volunteering success and approval for development of an official program for the officers began.
John’s foundation learning started with two books: TRACKING DOG by Glenn Johnson, and SCENT & THE SCENTING DOG by William Syrotuck. Both books showed step by step methods to train dogs for search and rescue. But the nugget John extracted was this: the dogs already know how to do tracking and people just need to learn how to understand them.
Each dog has a natural preference for style of tracking and that their human partner needs to recognize and work with for the best results. “The first dog (MacIntosh) worked with the SAR group by air scenting, so we developed that. His daughter, Molson, preferred tracking. A third dog, Rusty, showed he liked to trail, just off the scent.” Understanding these differences in the way the dog instinctively follows scent lets the dog work at it’s best and strengthens how well the team works together.
Types of Searching
Air scenting dogs will search for ‘non specific’ human scent and are often the quickest way of locating a missing person. The benefit of using an air scent dog is that they can cover extremely large areas of land when the missing person may not always be visible. An air scent dog is capable of covering the same ground of 20 human searches. This can be especially effective if the victim is not responsive and is not able to respond to searchers.
Tracking and Trailing are terms that are often used together but are marginally different in practice. Both are designed to follow the scent of a specific target individual. It relies on a dog’s ability to follow human scent particles left on a path. In some cases, dogs have been shown to successfully follow tracks left by people after large periods of time and even in urban areas
Source: SAR Specialist Search Dogs https://specialistsearchdogs.org.uk
There are ways to determine how a dog likes to search by watching them play. For example, “If you have toys out, or are playing fetch with your dog, how they work a pattern to locate the object will show you,” says John. “Observation is the most important part. What is the dog doing?” The handler needs to learn about air currents, and how scent travels and moves so they can see what the dog sees.
John also stresses the importance of doing things that the dog likes to do. “If you’re asking a dog to track a human scent when he doesn’t enjoy being with people, is that really fair to the dog? There are a fair amount of people that do use dogs that really don’t like people, but why would you do that?”
Synergy – from the Greek work “sunergia” meaning working together – is the cooperation of two or more things that produce a greater outcome than that of each individual effort.
By watching and working with the dogs, John felt like they were an extension of him, or maybe he was an extension of them. There were many times during searches when the two were air scenting and tracking (most dogs are good at searching several ways, although they prefer one method) could figure out together that the person was NOT there, certainly helpful information.
On one particularly muddy and cold long search through a marsh, the pair emerged on the other side in the worst condition John could remember. The chief of the search team helped them up to the road and the chief proclaimed what gorgeous eyes the dog had. John was surprised by the comment given the condition both he and the dog were in. It was years later that he realized that although they were both cold and uncomfortable from the hours of searching, “She was really into it. That’s what you want in a search dog.” He’s seen many dogs that were well trained and good workers but sometimes he could see from the way other dogs searched and moved that there was nothing else they’d rather do. John stated that if he ever looked for another search dog, he’d want one that really loved to work with him and enjoy what they do together.
There are two questions John feels are important to ask:
Does the dog want to do this job? Does the dog want to do this with me?
And that can be said for any working dog relationships, from therapy to support dogs. He stated that on some searches it seemed like he and his dog were talking to one another. One compliment John remembers getting from a fellow team that exemplifies the bond he had with his dog was “You guys come up with things we can use.”
Plus, “It was a great way for me to take my dogs to work with me,” laughs John.
John
Rice, a retired fully certified K9 unit member under North American Police Work Dog Association (NAPWDA)an all Golden Retriever unit
BEHAVIOR & TRAINING
CONFIDENCE Building
Six months ago, I welcomed Ghost, a 2½ year old Hungarian Mudi, into my life. He’d been returned to his breeder, a twist of fate that I saw as an opportunity. Visions of a nimble, eager herder danced in my head – a canine whirlwind of intelligence and drive. I imagined us as a freestyle team, conquering challenges with joyful abandon!
Reality had an alternate script in mind. Ghost seemed to operate on a different wavelength. Basic cues were difficult to teach. He moved a bit slower, seemed disconnected and his eyes held the spark of… well, nothing. Motivation and drive really did not exist to him.
I’ll be brutally honest: doubt settled in. Was this the dog I’d dreamed of? Had I, in my eagerness, adopted a broken herder? My expectations began to fade and I figured I would just love him as he is and let him progress at his own pace if he wishes.
Slowly, a spark ignited. Magic began to fill the space between us. Ghost began to respond, like a flower unearthing after a long winter. He started to accept treats on walks and found joy in activities. I felt like I was finally tuning into his frequency. That took a full three months to develop.
by Rachel McMichael CBCC-KA CCDT
Another three months later, and Ghost’s abilities are growing. He is displaying some of the drive and motivation that I hoped he’d have. He has a sparkle in his eyes! While time surely made a difference, so did building his confidence. That was done by giving him many small successes with easy things in life and keeping my own expectations realistic. This wasn’t done with flooding or forcing him to do things but was accomplished by meeting him in the middle, walking the path with him and gently guiding him along the way.
Building confidence in your dog is not just about training them to climb on objects mindlessly or obey cues when and where you want; it’s about empowering them to navigate the entire world with a sense of security. Confidence brings dogs the ability to embrace life’s adventures with a wagging tail, curiosity, and a joyful spirit.
Often, the foundation for confidence is laid in puppyhood. Early socialization is crucial – but quality is better than quantity. Expose your puppy to various sights, sounds, people, and other dogs in a positive and controlled manner. Avoid situations that may be overwhelming early on, this can backfire and create fear. Sometimes it only takes one bad experience (a single learning event) to alter
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a dog’s behavior – and not for the better.
But what if your dog comes to you as an adult? It’s honestly very much the same but could be a little trickier depending on the dog’s history. Understand where your dog has been and always be fair in your expectations.
Give dogs time to settle in. Often two weeks of lesser activity and nothing big or stressful happening can set them up for success. In that time, provide a comfortable space and minimize exposure to overwhelming stimuli. This will help them to become acquainted with their new home, their schedule, routines, and family members. Routines can help dogs and puppies to have some predictability, decreasing their stress and anxiety about the world around them.
Be sure to reward your dog for brave behavior, no matter how small it may seem. Use treats, praise, or toys to reinforce positive experiences. Do not worry about reinforcing fear – this emotion cannot be reinforced by adding something positive! A cookie cannot cause a dog to suddenly be more afraid. Try to help your dog through difficult things – but never forcing or flooding them. Remember too that every dog has a different idea of rewards, while most love food, some will do anything for their favorite toy.
Teaching your dog basic cues like “sit,” or “touch” provides them with a sense of accomplishment when they are successful. These simple easy cues are big confidence builders early on. It also strengthens communication and deepens the bond between you and your dog. Trick training is an incredible confidence builder and is enriching for dogs and their human families!
Exploration and play are essential for a dog’s mental and emotional well-being. Provide opportunities for your dog o explore new environments (at their own pace) and engage in fun activities. This helps them build resilience and adaptability over time.
Building confidence is an ongoing journey, not a destination. It takes time and patience and can only truly happen at the dog’s pace. If you are struggling with a fearful or unconfident dog, find a credentialed trainer or behavior consultant to help you. Your dog will thank you!
RESCUE & SHELTER
Golden Retrievers in Need Rescue Service, Inc. (GRIN) is a volunteer-run, non-profit 501(c)(3) organization dedicated to rescuing, rehabilitating, and re-homing Golden Retrievers and mixes. Founded in 1992 in response to the alarming number of Golden Retrievers euthanized due to a lack of homes, GRIN remains committed to giving these dogs a second chance.
At the heart of GRIN is a network of volunteers who share a love for Golden Retrievers and a dedication to responsible pet ownership. This passionate community enables GRIN’s lifesaving work by ensuring rescued dogs receive the care, medical treatment, and love they need before finding permanent homes. GRIN operates on a foundation of education, advocacy, and action—informing the public about ethical breeding, responsible ownership, and the importance of adoption.
Unlike traditional shelters, GRIN does not have a physical facility. Instead, all rescued dogs are placed in foster homes, where they receive individualized care and socialization before adoption. Because GRIN relies entirely on foster families, the number of dogs it can rescue depends on volunteer availability. Without foster families, GRIN’s mission would not be possible, and the organization continually encourages new fosters to join its efforts.
GRIN primarily serves Northeast and Central Ohio and Western Pennsylvania, but its reach depends on volunteer availability. As the organization grows, so does its ability to expand services to new areas. Broader awareness and engagement allow GRIN to rescue more dogs, and the organization welcomes support from individuals outside its immediate service area.
Each year, the number of Golden Retrievers in need continues to rise. Dogs come from various backgrounds, including shelters, stray situations, owner surrenders, and the commercial breeding industry, which includes puppy mills and backyard breeders. While GRIN prioritizes local rescues, the organization has also saved dogs from countries such as Turkey and China, where they face dire conditions.
Most of the dogs in GRIN’s care are purebred Golden Retrievers, but the organization also rescues Golden mixes, particularly Goldendoodles, which have become more common due to over breeding. A significant portion of GRIN’s rescues come from Ohio, a state with one of the highest concentrations of puppy mills in the country. These large-scale breeding operations prioritize profit over animal welfare, subjecting dogs to poor conditions and inadequate care. Ohio has over 600 puppy mills, contributing to the overwhelming number of dogs in need. In addition to rescuing these dogs, GRIN educates the public about the dangers of supporting unethical breeders. By raising aware-
ness, the organization hopes to reduce demand for puppy mill dogs and promote responsible adoption.
Many rescued dogs require extensive medical care beyond routine vaccinations and spay/neuter procedures. Some arrive with serious health conditions, while others have suffered neglect or mistreatment. GRIN works closely with veterinarians and trainers to ensure each dog receives the care needed to thrive.
In 2024 alone, GRIN has already helped over 150 dogs, including Golden Retrievers, Goldendoodles, and other Golden mixes of all ages and medical conditions. On average, GRIN spends $1,400 per dog for medical care, which includes surgeries, chronic illness treatments, and rehabilitation. Some dogs also require behavioral training to help them adjust to home life. GRIN collaborates with trainers and behaviorists to give these dogs the best chance at a successful transition into their adoptive homes.
Despite the challenges of rescue work, GRIN remains steadfast in its mission to provide love, care, and a second chance to every dog in its program. This work is only possible through the generosity of donors, members, and volunteers. Every dollar raised goes directly toward medical treatment, training, and resources for the dogs. GRIN deeply appreciates its community of supporters who make this mission possible.
There are many ways to get involved with GRIN and make a difference in the lives of Golden Retrievers in need. Whether through volunteering, fostering, adopting, or donating, every contribution helps save lives. Those interested can visit www.grinrescue.org for more information. GRIN also maintains a strong presence on social media, sharing updates on rescues, success stories, and events. Following GRIN on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok is an easy way to join the community and help spread awareness. Every like, share, and comment amplifies GRIN’s mission and brings attention to the work that still needs to be done.
For over three decades, GRIN has remained dedicated to rescuing and re-homing Golden Retrievers in need. The organization looks forward to continuing this mission, expanding its network of supporters, and ensuring every Golden Retriever experiences the love and security of a forever home. With the help of passionate individuals, GRIN will continue making a lasting impact—one dog at a time.
Adventure Awaits at Camp Rescue 2025!
Get ready for a summer of paws, claws, and unforgettable experiences! Camp Rescue at Humane Animal Rescue of Pittsburgh is back bigger and better than ever, now welcoming campers from 1st through 8th grade! Whether your child is wild about wildlife or passionate about pets, HARP’s hands-on camps are packed with animal encounters, games, crafts, and themed lessons designed to spark curiosity and compassion.
Campers will step into the shoes of animal rescuers, wildlife rehabilitators, and veterinarians while making new friends both human and animal! Each week features exciting themes, from caring for shelter pets to exploring the wonders of native wildlife. With plenty of hands-on activities, campers will gain a deeper appreciation for the animals that share our world.
Camp Rescue runs from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm, Monday through Friday, giving kids the chance to develop valuable skills, make lasting memories, and discover a love for animals that’ll last a lifetime. Camp Rescue is the summer experience every young animal lover deserves! For teens, Junior Rehabber Corps (JRC) offers the perfect opportunity to dive into wildlife conservation and animal rehabilitation. Through hands-on activities and expert-led lessons, teens will gain realworld experience at HARP’s Wildlife Rehabilitation Center, contributing to meaningful conservation efforts and exploring animal care careers. It’s the perfect chance for young animal lovers to turn their passion into hands-on action!
Registration
Ad Locator Map
ANIMAL FRIENDS ad on page 8 / map A
ASGARD RAW PET FOOD ad on page 7 / map B
BARTMAN PLUMBING ad on page 19 / map C
BEAVER COUNTY HUMAN SOCIETY ad on page 11 / map D
CHARTIERS CUSTOM PET CREMATION ad on page 28 / map E
CHEYENNE VETERINARY WELLNESS & SURGICAL CENTER ad on page 15 / map F
COVENTRY STABLES ad on page 27 / map G
DENISE MARASCO HOWARD HANNA ad on page 3 / map H
FUZZY PAWS PET VILLA ad on page 15 / map I
GRIN RESCUE ad on page 15
HUMANE ANIMAL RESCUE ad on page 12 / map J
LARRY’S LAUNDROMUTT ad on page 15 / map K
PETS AFTER DARK ad on page 2 / map L
PORTRAITS OF ANIMALS ad on page 19
REBOUND PET REHABILITATION ad on page 19 / map M
SALTY PAWS DOGGIE ICE CREAM ad on page 5 / map N
UPSWING CANINE BEHAVIORAL SERVICES ad on page 17
WAARF ad on page 5 and back cover / map O
WOOF GANG BAKERY AND GROOMING ad on page 5 / map P
DID YOU KNOW?
PetConnections has evolved into a full-service specialized pet media company, providing services for advertising in print and digital marketing platforms to help our sponsors grow their businesses.
Contact us for information on advertising or sponsoring! PetConnections is published quarterly as follows: March, June, September, and special Holiday issue in early December!
Our print copy distribution sites will be replenished every 6 weeks. Our online presence has always been much greater than in print with now over 600,000 impressions!
To subscribe to your own personal copy of PetConnections, please contact us.
What’s the Best Dog Food?
by Dr. Doug - The Holistic Vet Doug Knueven, DVM, CVC, CVCH
We all want our pets to live long and healthy lives. A key factor in longevity and wellbeing is eating a healthy diet. Nothing stirs up more controversy than what constitutes a healthy diet for humans. Research seems to change from day to day. First. butter is bad, and margarine is good and then it’s the other way around. There is also the low fat vs. low carbohydrate dispute. What comprises a healthy food for dogs is no less controversial. So, what does constitute a healthy diet for a dog?
There is a common notion that dogs are omnivores. And, the bottom line is that they are omnivores. Of course, that’s because they have no choice but to eat what we feed them. This is typically processed kibble containing at least 30% carbohydrates. Is that what’s best?
Think about this; If we captured all the polar bears in the world and started feeding them nothing but bananas, we could say that all polar bears are bananavores. Of course, that is most likely not the best diet for them. They naturally eat what is best for them from their natural environment.
Since dogs have been removed from their natural environment, how can we tell what they were meant to eat? What does their genetics dictate is best for them to eat for optimal health? What does science tell us? We’ll start with research published in 1979.
This study, published in the Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association starts by stating the purpose of the research. “A good deal of disagreement exists within the veterinary profession about the proper diet for dogs… We conducted a review of the available wildlife literature, with the intent that the information gathered concerning food selection among feral carnivores might influence future considerations regarding the feeding of domestic carnivores…” Unfortunately, today there is little disagreement among veterinary nutritionists – dogs are omnivores they say.
The researchers in this study surveyed the stomach contents of the coyote, fox, wolf, bobcat, cougar, and lynx. That’s an interesting approach to the mystery. But, is it valid? Why would they think that dogs should eat like wild carnivores? What do they have in common? The researchers offer this explanation.
“Anatomically, our domestic breeds of dogs possess gastrointestinal systems similar to those of the feral carnivores studied. They share in common strong carnassial teeth, simple stomachs of great digestive capability, thickly muscled esophagus, stomach and intestine, residual cecae, and simple non-sacculated colons.”
In other words, the fact that the domestic dog’s digestive tract is very similar to that of the wild animals studied indicates they evolved to eat similar diets. Anatomy dictates function. Dogs appear to be genetically programmed to eat like a wild carnivore. I am not saying that dogs are identical to wolves (I would not want one of those in bed with me). However, their digestive anatomy indicates that they are adapted to eat similar diets.
So, what did the researchers conclude that dogs should eat? “From these many studies into the food habits of feral carnivores, it may be concluded that the staple diet of carnivores living in a natural setting includes other animals, carrion, and occasionally fruits and grasses… carnivores in their natural environments consume diets high in animal protein, bulk, and roughage (not plant fiber, but indigestible or poorly digestible parts of animal carcasses…) and low in carbohydrates, and caloric density.” 1
I am not proposing that we feed our pets carrion (dead and decayed animals). But notice that the diets that appear to be best for our dogs are high in animal protein and low in carbohydrates. This is basically the opposite of what dog foods offer. We need to turn the current, dog food pyramid upside down.
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OK, so looking at anatomically similar animals is one way to try to determine the constituents of an optimal dog food. Here’s another way. Studies show that self-selection (what an animal chooses when given a choice) could be an indicator of ideal nutrition. Predators select food based on the macronutrient (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) balance that best assures their survival. 2,3
A study 4 has been done to see what macronutrient balance dogs prefer. They studied five diverse breeds: Papillon, Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker spaniel, Labrador retriever, and St Bernard. The researchers found that “… the overriding conclusion is that the recent rapid divergence among dog breeds is not substantially reflected in their macronutrient priorities compared with other phenotypic features such as size, color, and temperament.” Generally, the dogs all preferred food that consisted of 30% Crude Protein, 63% Crude Fat, and 7% Carbohydrate.
Just like the wild carnivores, domestic dogs chose food high in protein and low in carbs. For comparison, the AAFCO Standards for dog food calls for 19% Crude Protein, 12% Crude Fat, and a whopping 69% Carbohydrate. A popular veterinary dog food is not much better at 21.3% Crude Protein, 32.8% Crude Fat, and 45.9% Carbohydrate.
RAW DIETS FOR PETS
Raw Pet Food Diets –
The pros, cons, and studies cited by Dr. Doug Knueven, the Holistic Veterinarian
PROS:
Pets benefit from consuming a natural diet that aligns with their evolutionary needs.
Raw feeding provides a flavorful and sensory-enriching mealtime experience. With the absence of added grains, preservatives, food dyes, and processing methods that reduce nutritional value, raw feeding offers optimal nutrition. Eliminating these ingredients from your pet’s diet can reduce inflammation, similar to benefits observed in human diets.
Holistic veterinarians, including Dr. Doug Knueven, have reported significant improvements in skin and coat condition in pets with related allergies. A recent study from the University of Helsinki found that puppies fed raw diets experienced a notable reduction in allergic conditions such as Canine Atopic Dermatitis, attributed to the natural moisture and fats present in the diet. Additionally, Dr. Knueven observed decreased instances of renal disease due to the higher fluid
Two separate lines of research converge on the fact that dogs thrive on high protein/low carbohydrate diets. Unfortunately, the pet food industry has not caught up with the latest studies. From my perspective, the ancestral diet of dogs (balanced, raw pet food) leads to optimal health and longevity.
1. Landry SM, Van Kruiningen HJ. Food Habits of Feral Carnivores: A Review of Stomach Content Analysis. J Am An Hosp Assn 1979;15:775-782.
2. Mayntz D, Nielsen VH, Sørensen A, Toft S, Raubenheimer D, Hejlesen C, Simpson SJ. Balancing of protein and lipid by a mammalian carnivore, the mink (Mustela vison). Anim Behav 2009; 77:349–355.
3. Hewson-Hughes AK, Hewson-Hughes VL, Miller AT, Hall SR, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in the adult domestic cat, Felis catus. J Exp Biol 2011;214:1039–1051.
4. Hewson-Hughes AK, Hewson-Hughes VL, Colyer A, Miller AT, McGrane SJ, Hall SR, Butterwick RF, Simpson SJ, Raubenheimer D. Geometric analysis of macronutrient selection in breeds of the domestic dog, Canis lupus familiaris. Behav Ecol 2013;24(1):293-304.
content in raw kibble diets.
Reduced grain and carbohydrate content in raw diets may help maintain a healthy weight in pets.
Cost savings can be achieved through reduced health issues, fewer veterinary visits, and less reliance on potentially harmful medications.
CONS:
Many veterinarians and veterinary associations have expressed concerns about the safety of raw diets due to the potential presence of harmful bacteria. However, many raw diet preparations
use high-pressure processing (HPP) to mitigate this risk. HPP preserves the food using cold water and high pressure to eliminate unsafe bacteria while retaining natural enzymes beneficial for dental health and digestion.
Human food processors also use HPP to cleanse fresh fruits, vegetables, and other products.
Pet owners who opt for raw diets often find that prioritizing health over convenience is worthwhile. For further information, please refer to Dr. Doug’s previous article.
KITTY KORNER
AVIAN INFLUENZA: A THREAT TO BIRDS—AND BEYOND
by Becky L. Morrow, DVM, MS, CAWA
Chances are you’ve seen headlines about bird flu in the news or on social media. Over the past three years, more than 166 million birds, mostly poultry, have died after being infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses. While this is devastating on its own, the situation has taken a concerning turn: the same virus is now being detected in cats, cattle, and even humans. Before diving into the details, let’s take a step back and understand influenza viruses in general.
UNDERSTANDING INFLUENZA
The most common type of influenza in humans is Influenza A, which is classified based on two proteins on the virus’s surface: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). People usually get H1N1 or H3N2. Avian influenza, on the other hand, carries the H5 and N1 proteins, and is sometimes called H5N1 bird flu. What makes Influenza A viruses particularly troublesome is their ability to rapidly mutate and evade the immune system.
Unlike DNA viruses, which have built-in error-checking mechanisms, influenza viruses use RNA, which is prone to errors when copied inside host cells. These random mutations
can create new viral strains, rendering the immune response from past infections or vaccinations ineffective. This is one of the key reasons flu vaccines must be updated each year. Influenza viruses also contain eight separate RNA segments instead of a single strand. If a host cell is infected with two different flu strains at the same time, these segments can mix and create an entirely new strain. This is how bird flu strains like H5N1 can acquire the ability to infect new species, including cats.
HOW DOES H5N1 AFFECT CATS?
Unfortunately, H5N1 infections in cats can be severe, often leading to death. One of the first documented cases in dairy farm barn cats showed a fatality rate of more than 50%.
CLINICAL SIGNS INCLUDE:
• Decreased appetite, fever, and lethargy
• Breathing issues, sneezing, coughing, and nasal/eye discharge
• Neurological symptoms such as circling, tremors, seizures, and blindness
• Sudden weakness or unresponsiveness
Currently, there is no specific treatment for H5N1 in cats, nor is there a vaccine like we have for other feline viral diseases.
Now for some good news. So far, infections in cats have only been linked to eating infected birds, drinking unpasteurized milk, or consuming raw commercial diets. While there is a risk that H5N1 could eventually evolve to spread directly between cats, it has not yet been documented.
SINCE WE HAVE NO WAY TO TREAT INFECTED CATS, PREVENTION IS KEY: Keep cats away from wild birds, especially in areas where waterfowl gather, as well as farms with cattle or poultry.
Avoid feeding raw poultry, undercooked meat, or raw (unpasteurized) milk. This is good practice in general, as raw diets pose multiple health risks.
If you’ve been in contact with livestock or wild birds, change your clothes and wash your hands before handling your cat.
These same precautions apply to humans: avoid handling wild birds and poultry when possible, cook meat thoroughly, and steer clear of unpasteurized milk. While the risk of infection in people remains low, taking simple precautions is the way to go.
KITTY KORNER
Everyday Medications and Human Foods LEADING CAT TOXINS
by Bernadette Kazmarski
Common toxins for cats are part of everyday life and can be found in every room in the home as well as outdoor spaces. Even if we remove the obvious cleaning products and other chemicals and plants, essential medications and food we use every day actually top the list.
WHAT IS TOXIC?
CURRENT TOP 20 TOXINS FOR CATS
“Toxic” doesn’t simply mean a substance is lethal. It can also refer to substances that can sicken or cause permanent physical or neurological damage. Cats are so sensitive to their environment that it’s safest to presume that, unless you’ve specifically asked, anything other than their food has a potential to be toxic to them in some amount at some stage in their lives. Young kittens, older cats or those who are ill or with a compromised immune system will have a greater reaction to environmental toxins than healthy adults. Cats encounter toxins through innate behavior Animals explore their world with their nose and tongue, smelling and tasting. Cats encounter toxins not only from what they might eat but what they might ingest from their usual process of investigating and assessing new things in their environment. Cats also lick themselves and anything that might land on their body will end up in their body as they clean themselves. They are also small enough that substances absorbed through the skin or paws can provide a dangerous or lethal dose.
The Pet Poison Helpline maintains lists of toxins based on calls to the center for animal poison-related emergencies. Currently the top 20 for cats listed by frequency of calls are:
LILIES: The most common lilies we’ll find in our yards as well as in bouquets are so toxic that the ASPCA Poison Control Center warns, “All parts of the plant are toxic and small amounts can cause severe injury to the kidneys. Drinking the water containing a lily or grooming pollen off their fur may cause problems as well.” These include Easter/Asiatic, Stargazer, Oriental hybrids, Japanese, Tiger and Daylily. Other lilies are not so toxic but some have other dangers as well.
Remember to check through any bouquets to remove lily species and leave that Easter lily outside.
MEDICATIONS: Cat Friendly Homes warns of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) when one pill can be fatal to your cat. “Cats also seem to like the taste of certain antidepressants, which may contain an alluring smell or flavor in the coating.” If you take any prescription, supplement or over-the-counter medication, handle your pills carefully. A pill dropped to the floor can look like a toy and can be caught and swallowed before you can reach down to pick it up. Sometimes they roll into places you can’t find but are right on your pet’s eye level. Take your medications behind a closed door or over a sink so that if they fall they are contained where you can retrieve them immediately.
FOODS: The Merck Veterinary Manual warns of garlic, onion and other allium species, “Ingestion of raw, cooked, or concentrated forms of onions and garlic can result in Heinz body hemolytic anemia in cats,” and that clinical signs of anemia may take several days to appear.
This can be a danger even if your cat eats food that has been cooked with these ingredients, not just from eating the allium species.
PERMETHRIN: The AVMA warns, “Flea and tick products made specifically for dogs (such as those containing permethrin) should never be used on cats or other species because they may cause serious or even life-threatening problems.” Cat Friendly Homes adds, “These incidents occur by either deliberate application...to a cat by a caregiver unaware of the dangers, or by the indirect exposure if a cat comes into physical contact with a dog who has just had a flea control product applied.”
The use of products approved for dogs but used off-label for cats can make this issue confusing with both topicals and medications. Make sure the product you use with your cat is safe for cats. Always be careful with cleaning products and other household chemicals such as paint and varnishes, plant and lawn fertilizers, pesticides and even art materials. Clean up, and keep them safely locked away.
All anticoagulant and neurotoxin rodenticides are potentially toxic to any mammal. “Any animals that were not the target of the rodenticide but ingest rodenticides need immediate emergency care, “says the AVMA. “It takes very little of any of these products to harm or kill pets.” Don’t assume because it smells funny or seems to be unappetizing that your curious cat won’t try to taste it.
Cleaning products generally contain bleach, ammonia, or pine oil, all of which are toxic to cats if they ingest it, including breathing fumes or absorbing it through their paws walking on a surface which has been cleaned with it, even after it’s dried. Better yet, go with unscented non-toxic alternatives like vinegar, hydrogen peroxide and baking soda and reduce the toxic load in your home for all residents.
Cats can not adequately metabolize the phenols and turpenoids in essential oils applied to their skin or inhaled from diffusers. Oily substances are readily absorbed by the skin and most cats will quickly attempt to clean anything from their fur. The oil in dried potpourri remains active and does not evaporate, and aromatic bark chips, dried plant leaves, flower parts and petals and can cause a toxic reaction as well.
Garlic and Onion (Allium spp) Toxicosis: https://www.merckvetmanual.com/toxicology/foodhazards/garlic-and-onion-allium-spp-toxicosis-in-animals
Which Lilies are Toxic to Pets: https://www.aspca.org/news/which-lilies-are-toxic-pets
CAT RESOURCE DIRECTORY
CAT RESOURCE DIRECTORY
2025 Homeless Cat Management Team Clinic Schedule Through December: FREE CLINICS (ferals only)
Our clinic is located at 207 Allegheny Street, Tarentum, PA 15084. All appointments include surgery, pain medicine, rabies vaccine and flea treatment.
CLINIC REGISTRATION BY PHONE: Call 412-321-4060 and leave a message. Please include your name and phone number in your message. Someone will return your call and complete your pre-registration.
HCMT is all volunteer and this may take some time. Clinics fi ll up quickly and it’s best to call at least two weeks in advance of the clinic you want to attend.
BY EMAIL: Email cathomeless@gmail.com with your name, number of spots you need and which date you are registering for. You will receive a confirmation email ONLY if you are registered.
NOTE: Dates may be added and are subject to change. Dates are set for the clinics, but at publication it’s not yet determined which clinics are Free or Fast Track. Check www.homelesscat.org/clinic-info for the most up to date information.
Low-cost Spay and Neuter and Other Veterinary Resources
This information is provided for reference only and subject to change without notice. Please contact the organization or agency before using their services.
TNR And Low-Cost
Spay/ Neuter Pittsburgh Area
Homeless Cat Management Team
207 Allegheny St, PO Box 100203, Tarentum, PA 15084 (412) 321-4060 homelesscat.org/ Pre-registration is always required, no walk-ins. Please see website for registration instructions.
City of Pittsburgh Free Spay and Neuter for City Residents
This program is temporarily paused. Visit website for more information: pittsburghpa.gov/ publicsafety/spay-neuter
Low-Cost Spay/Neuter Programs at Shelters in Allegheny and surrounding counties •
Action for Animals
Humane Society 386 Route 217, Latrobe, Pennsylvania 15650 afashelter.org/low-costspayneuter/ Call the shelter at 724-539-2544 to schedule an appointment.
Effective 8/1/22 prices are as follows:
Neuter Services for a Male Cat: $60
Spay Services for a Female Cat: $80 ($30 additional fee if pregnant)
Spay/Neuter Services for Dogs: price per weight (call 724-539- 2544 for rates)
Animal
Friends
thinkingoutsidethecage.org/ pet-care/spay-neuter/ Cats: Female or Male $84 Includes brief exam, injectable pain medication and an e-collar – vaccines are an additional fee.
Feral/Outdoor Package | $75 Includes brief exam, injectable pain medication, rabies, FVRCP, ear tip and fl ea treatment. Cats must be feral and in a humane trap to receive this service. Trap rental is available through scheduling spay/ neuter.
Limited dog appointments are available.
Beaver County Humane Society
3394 Brodhead Road, Center Township, PA 15001, 724-775-5801
Owned Cat: Three packages range from $65.00 to $150.00, all include Surgery and 1yr Rabies Vaccination (must be 3 lbs. and 12 weeks of age), initial FVRCP vaccination, more with higher priced packages
Feral Cat: Three packages range from $50.00 to $115.00, all include Surgery and 1yr Rabies Vaccination, more with higher priced packages, eartip is mandatory.
Butler County
Humane Society 1015 Evans City Road, Renfrew, PA 16053 724-789-1150
butlercountyhs.org/clinic/ Free spay/neuter, *some specifi cations and limitations apply*, visit website for more information and application
Clarion Paws (Serves Clarion, Forest and Jefferson County)
Current Location: 11348 Route 322, Shippenville, PA clarionpaws.org/spay-andneuter. html Monthly clinics listed on website, submit an application Pets: $75 surgery, rabies, flea/mite treatment, pain medication, extra services available. TNR: email at clarionpawsinfo@ gmail.com
Humane Animal Rescue humaneanimalrescue.org/ veterinary-care/spay-andneuterservices/ North Shore and East End facilities: 412-345-7300 Feline Spay/Neuter: $100 Includes rabies, FVRCP and microchip TNR: $63 Includes rabies, FVRCP, Advantage Multi and ear-tip. Cats must be feral and in a humane trap to receive this service.
Humane Society of Westmoreland County 139 Humane Society Rd, PO Box 1552 Greensburg, PA 15601 (724) 837-3779 westmorelandhumanesociety. com/vet-services/
Indiana County Humane Society 191 Airport Road, Indiana, PA 15701 (724) 465-7387 incohumanesociety.com/ Spay-neuter voucher program provides vouchers to help off set the total cost of surgery for cats and dogs. Visit website for application.
Washington Area
Humane Society 1527 Route 136, Eighty Four, PA 15330 washingtonpashelter.org/
Owned Cats: $45 includes basic exam, spay or neuter, pain medication, rabies 1 year vaccine, nail trim, e-collar, ear mite treatment if needed.
Feral Cats: $45 includes basic exam, ear tip, spay or neuter, pain medication, rabies vaccine, nail trim, flea medication, ear mite treatment if needed. Extra services available.
Low-Cost Spay/Neuter and Veterinary Clinics
These are independent clinics that off er services on site during regular business hours.
Alleycat Spay & Neuter Clinic
15549 State Route 170, Suite 10, East Liverpool, OH 43920 330-892-8985
https://alleycatvet.com/ spayneuter-services/
Owned or feral: Spay $60.00, Neuter $50.00
Owned cats by appointment
Feral drop-off without appointment
Additional services available, dog surgeries also available.
All packages include rabies, distemper vaccines, fl ea and earmite treatments, $5 off with an eartip.
Other services and dog surgery services also available.
Fix’N Wag’N
Mobile spay/neuter unit (724) 201-9413, email contact@fi xnwagn.com Visit: fi xnwagn.com/ Spay/neuter package $85-100 (price varies by location) Includes surgery, rabies pain medication, FVRCP vaccine, flea treatment (30 day dose), ear mite treatment if needed, and an ear tip for our outdoor community cats. Visit the website for upcoming mobile dates and places.
Feral walk-ins $90 Includes surgery, extendedrelease pain medication, rabies 1 year vaccine, FVRCP booster, flea and ear mite treatment, an ear tip, complimentary dose of Profender.
Drop off 7:45 to 8:30 a.m. at 4284 William Flinn Hwy, Suite 103, Allison Park, PA 15101
Fix ‘Ur Cat Spay & Neuter Clinic
(Recently moved to Washington PA) 222 Hall Avenue, Washington, PA 15301
Call (724) 416-3265 for an appointment.
Female $70, male $60, Ferals: $65, rabies and pain medication included. Download and complete application, mail in for appointment.
Other services and wellness clinic available.
Visit: furcat.org/spay-andneuter/
Frankie’s Friends
740 5th Avenue, New Kensington, PA 15068 (724) 889-7011
clinic@frankies-friends.org
Spay/neuter for pet/feral cats
Spay-$75, Neuter-$65 includes rabies, ear mite and flea treatment, pain medication, antibiotic.
Feral cat spay/neuter walk-ins No appointment needed, one per person, cat must be in a trap.
Monday-Wednesday Drop-off 9:3010:00a.m.
Spay-$75, Neuter-$65 Includes rabies, flea treatment, ear mites if necessary.
North Hills Spay/Neuter Clinic 3967 William Flinn Hwy, Allison Park, PA 412-213-7353
Open Monday-Friday. NO WALK-INS: If you have trapped a cat that you would like to bring in, you must call our clinic ahead of time for approval to be seen the same day.
Pet/TNR Spay $56, Neuter $37, visit website for details and scheduling Also offers low cost vaccinations and basic medical treatments
Penn Hills Spay / Neuter Clinic 1644 Frankstown Rd. Pittsburgh, PA 15235, 412-244-1202
Open Monday-Friday. No longer offering walk-in services for ferals
Pet/TNR: Spay $56, Neuter $37, visit website for details and scheduling. Also offers low cost vaccinations and basic medical treatments. Visit: spayaz.com/locations/ pittsburgh-penn-hills-pa/
Spay It Forward 533 Rugh St. Greensburg, PA 15601 Visit: spayitforwardclinic.com/ vet-services
Spay $105, Neuter $90
Includes surgery, pain medication, rabies & FVRCP vaccination, flea & ear mite treatment as needed. Additional services available.
Low-Cost Spay/Neuter and TNR
Assistance Organizations in Allegheny and surrounding counties
These are organizations that do not have clinic services onsite but organize mobile clinics or transport to clinics.
•
Cat Crusaders
Alle-Kiski Valley TNR support, rescue/adoption
“Cat Crusaders” on Facebook. Visit we bsite for details and scheduling: facebook.com/ groups/721970658170977
Community Cat Network
Butler County Visit: facebook.com/ CommunityCatNetwork/ Mobile clinics, TNR support and rescue/adoption
Fixin’ Fayette
Transporting cats to Fix ‘Ur Cat for spay/neuter surgery
724-600-9570
“Fixin’ Fayette” on Facebook Visit: facebook.com/ groups/404758481158215/
Fluffy Jean Fund for Felines (Washington PA)
Packages at $65 and $85 female or male. Call Faith for available dates and appointments. (724) 941-5683 press 1
Monthly clinic dates, working with local veterinarians.
Spay/neuter for pet/feral cats: Neuter $65, Spay $75. Includes rabies, ear mite, flea treatment, pain medication, and antibiotic. Other services and dog services also available.
Pet Search
P.O. Box 1653 Washington, PA 15301
Visit: petsearchpa.org/ Call (724) 228-7335 for clinic information
SNIPP: Spay and Neuter Indiana PA Pets
Westmoreland/Indiana Counties, Alle-Kiski Valley
Low cost clinics, check Facebook “Snipp Indianapa” for dates and availability.
Animal Urgent Care Center 4201 Wood St #1 Wheeling, WV 26003 (304) 233-0002
Check website for hours. Visit: animalurgentcarecenter.net/
Geary Veterinary Services
308 Bessemer Rd. Suite 300, Mount Pleasant, PA, 15666 (724) 542-4954
Check website for hours. Visit: gearyveterinaryservices.com/
Kalyani Indiana Emergency
Veterinary Hospital 1540 Indian Springs Road, Building B, Indiana, PA 15701 (724) 471-2575 Check website for hours. https://kalyaniindianaemergencyvet.com/
Rivers Veterinary Urgent Care
560 McNeilly Rd, Pittsburgh PA 15226 (412) 998-9030
SOUTH: CHEYENNE VETERINARY WELLNESS & SURGICAL CENTER 412-884-3162 cheyennevets.com
FIX UR CAT (724) 416-3265 fi xurcat.org
VETERINARY SPECIALTY & EMERGENCY SERVICES NORTH/SOUTH/EAST: PITTSBURGH VETERINARY SPECIALTY AND EMERGENCY CENTER, INC. 412-366-3400 724-809-2000 pvs-ec.com
BLUE PEARL PET HOSPITAL NORTH 412-366-3400
BLUEPEARL PET HOSPITAL SOUTH 724-366-3400
BLUEPEARL PET HOSPITAL EAST 412-810-6732
GREATER PITTSBURGH AREA: PETS AFTER DARK mypetafterdark.com 855-AFTRDRK (238-7375)
EQUINE AFFAIRS
DEVELOPING AND KEEPING A BALANCED LEG POSITION FOR RIDING
by Kristin Hermann
Many riders press the leg out in front of them because we have been drilled heels down to keep our foot in the stirrup. But, once we can keep our foot in the stirrup, the heel down is not as important. However, one of the absolutes for riding is the ball of the foot on the stirrup, so the ankle is flexible.
We ride with our joints acting as shock absorbers, and the ankle, knee, and hip should flex with the horse’s up and down and forward and back movement. Here is a video I posted in 2017 on how to develop and keep the correct leg position.https://youtube/ Oqtize9g3M4?si=Zy-sRIR0Vwyue-Yx *
This video shows how a rider should be able to go in and out of a jumping position or a light seat and keep the same leg position. The rider’s leg position should stay the same whether the rider is in a full seat (sitting), a light seat, or while posting.
An ankle out in front of the rider’s hip disrupts the rider’s desired vertical alignment. Thus, if a rider struggles to keep the ankle under the hip, riding in a light seat or jumping position is a good way to train the leg to stay under the hip.
Learning how to keep the correct leg position by going in and out of the jumping position helps the rider learn how to keep in balance with the horse and “go with” the horse instead of “riding behind the action.”
When I taught beginners, no rider came off the lunge line unless they could maintain a jumping position without using their hands or reins for balance. They practiced going into the jumping position, posting and sitting, and keeping the same leg position. Some riders think they are supposed to grip their legs to stay on the horse when, in fact, they are to balance with the seat to stay on the horse. Just think, riders holding on with the leg inhibit
Called the “water skiing position,” or riding behind the action a photo from the book Centered Riding. The rider is pushing heel down but the leg is pushed forward putting all her other body parts out of whack. (See below Sally Swift’s “building blocks”) She needs to push the leg back from the knee, get the ankle under the hip to “go with the horse” instead of riding “behind the action.”Also, this rider has a rounded torso (sitting on lower spine and not upright on the sitting bones).
the three major leg joints from going with the horse and acting as shock absorbers. How can you use a leg aid if you are already gripping?
Riders pursuing dressage seem to put more emphasis on the seat, and of course, a good seat is paramount. But if the leg position is not correct, the seat will not be either. I like to build riders from the foot up! Like the saying “no hoof, no horse,” an incorrect leg position equals no good seat.
Good riding balance is obtained from the stirrup up. Developing a correct leg position, including the shoulders and hand position, enables the seat/torso to be balanced. Our three basic aids must be positioned correctly for the horse to understand what we are asking. As a riding instructor for over 40 years…, this is part of what I do: constantly tell riders how to get in the correct position to signal the horse with clarity.
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If the bones are aligned ankle, hip, and ear in alignment this makesriding SO much easier. (And my job.) We need to think about this alignment all day long. We can’t slouch at work or when driving and then expect to ride correctly! See Sally Swift’s Building Blocks to right
Photo from Sally Swift’s book from Centered Riding.
Illustration also from Sally Swift’s book Centered Riding, showing the ankle under the hip… and how the three joints or “shock absorbers” the ankle, knee and hip should work while riding.
However, as I have gotten older and less tolerant, I really only teach those riders who take this seriously. Serious riders think about sitting up on the seat bones and not the lower coccyx; they adjust their leg position because they feel it move forward or the stirrup slipped, and consistently correct the hand position. “Hands out of the pit,” “thumbs up and pinkies together” are mantras I repeat repeatedly. If your shoulders are in alignment over your hips and square or open or are not rounded forward, your hand position will likely be correct.
Yes, there is too much information, and I started with the legs, but all aids are connected. We have three areas of the body, legs, seat and hands that need constant correction in order to ride well and in harmony. As I said, it is up to the rider to have a great desire to ride correctly and educate themselves to become better partners with the horse.
Sally Swift, author of Centered Riding, discovered that visualization helped students become better riders. And it makes sense because if I tell you to push the lower leg back it goes into your left rational brain, but if I use a visual it goes into your right brain the creative side. It is the right brain that feels and communicates to the horse. Equestrian author Mary Wanless also incorporates visualization to develop a rider. I recommend her books too.
BUILDING BLOCKS
continued on next page
The last of the Four Basics call building blocks, which is a way of describing balance. If you balance the various parts of the body correctly, one above the other, you will reduce the amount of muscle tension or strain used to keep the body upright and, in doing so, save the energy for other uses. You will find that building blocks tie in so closely withe the other Basics - soft eyes, breathing, and centeringthey are difficult to learn and master unless all four are practiced together.
I like to think of the building blocks as children’s wooden blocks. You can make them different colors in your mind, if you like. The point is that building blocks must balance, they become unstable, or worse yet, fall down in a help.
Your bottom building block is your legs and feet. The next block is your pelvis, then rib cage, shoulders, and last, your head and neck. For flat work, the correct lineup of the blocks (viewing the body sideways) will allow you to drop a plumb line from the ear through the tip of the shoulder, hip joint, and ankle. Just before it passes through your hip joint, you will find it going straight through your center.
Custom Pet M emor ial votive
Learn how to ride & train with clarity. All horses & riders benefit utilizing simplified gymnastic training or ‘dressage’. Visit our Facebook page “Home School Your Horse” for training tips.
Bernadette
REMEMBERING JAZZ
by Chris Watkins
My German Shepherd Jazz was the best dog ever. She loved to hang around people and didn’t bark as much as other dogs do. She loved to go for walks and sleep (take up all the space) in the bed and slobber with big pleading eyed whenever we ate dinner. Once, she got out of the yard when she was in heat and must have found a date because she had one puppy. It died when it was born and she walked around the house carrying a stuffed animal for awhile after that. It was so sad. We got her fixed after that so that there wouldn’t be any more mistakes. She lived to be 8 which doesn’t seem like long enough. She didn’t seem right one morning and the vet said she had a massive stoke and we lost her. That was a few years ago but I still think about her all the time. When I see another German Shepherd sometimes I cry a little. When you have the best dog ever it’s like that.
15th Year Anniversar y
Animal Friends
www.thinkingoutsidethecage.org
APRIL 12
Biscuits Bingo
CSVFD Memorial Hall In Memory of Pam Zaborowski
MAY 4
Dick’s Pittsburgh Marathon Run for a Reason
JUNE 2
2nd Annual Golf Outing for a Cause
Humane Animal Rescue humaneanimalrescue.org
APRIL 12
Wildlife Baby Shower
APRIL 25
HARP Uncorked
Pittsburgh’s Grand Hall at the Priory
MAY 17
Barks and Brews
Beaver County Humane Society beavercountyhumanesociety.org
MARCH 24
TNR Class At the Shelter
APRIL 6
Tea for Tails At the Fez - Aliquippa, PA
WAARF
Washington County Animal Abuse Relief Fund
MARCH 22
An Afternoon with Magic by Ray Lucas
Giant Oaks Winery - Finleyville, PA Tickets: waarf79@gmail.com
