Conclusion

This scoping review identified several current RCTs investigating the impact of dietary treatments on muscle mass, muscular function, sarcopenia, or cachexia in ageing and illness.

More research is to be expected on the impact of dietary supplements and ONS including protein, amino acids, omega-3 fatty acids, or HMB on these disorders.

Although many studies use the same therapies, there was methodological variation in the research design, supplement dose, duration of the intervention, and outcome evaluation, and several trials lacked crucial data. These problems or restrictions might make it difficult to compare research, pool data, or conduct upcoming meta-analyses, limiting the ability of these ongoing investigations to generate recommendations supported by the available evidence.

To improve the area, PhD research offers suggestions for upcoming research studies on nutrition and multimodal treatments for cachexia, sarcopenia, and muscular health.