AN OVERVIEW OF THE SPECIFICITIES OF LGBT ETHNO-CULTURAL GROUPS
IN CANADA IN 2017 EXCERPTS FROM A SURVEY CONDUCTED ON BEHALF OF FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
TABLE OF CONTENTS PREAMBLE
3
KEY FINDINGS
7
COMPARATIVE TABLES
CROP
12
SAMPLE CHARACTERISTICS
13
COMING OUT TO OTHERS ABOUT ONE’S SEXUAL ORIENTATION / GENDER IDENTITY
18
PERCEIVED SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE
34
FEELING OF BELONGING TO THE MOVEMENT AND PERCEPTIONS OF THE LGBT ENVIRONMENT
43
IMPACT OF SEXUAL ORIENTATION OR GENDER IDENTITY ON PERSONAL WELLBEING
46
2
Preamble Fondation Jasmin Roy commissioned CROP to conduct a study of the members of LGBT communities in Canada in order to take stock of their current realities as well as determine their specific values and needs. This project was made possible through the contributions of Québec’s Ministry of Justice under “The Fight Against Homophobia” program, of the Royal Bank of Canada, the City of Montreal, the Government of Canada, the Government of New Brunswick and the Government of Nova Scotia. An overall report of findings was issued detailing differences based on age, sexual orientation, gender identity and region, and including a description of the methodology used in the survey. The purpose of this separate document is to bring out the particular realities of the various LGBT ethno-cultural groups. To this end, we performed a comparative analysis of results between the answers given by respondents of “visible” ethnic origins with those of respondents of Caucasian descent. Only the results from questions that show significant differences between respondents of “visible” ethnic origins and those of respondents of Caucasian descent are presented in this report; as mentioned above, the overall survey results were detailed in the general report. The respondents’ ethnic origin was ascertained via the question on the following page.
CROP
3
Preamble
Question used to determine ethnic origin Which of the following groups do or did your parents belong to? Please select all that apply English Canadian / Quebecer
Another group from Eastern Europe
French Canadian / Quebecer
Chinese
British (English, Irish, Scottish, Welsh)
Another group from east Asia (Japanese, Korean, Taiwanese)
French Native (Aboriginal) Italian
From South-East Asia (Vietnamese, Cambodian, Filipino, Malaysian, Indonesian, Thai)
Portuguese
From South Asia (Indian, Pakistani, Bengali, Sri Lankan)
Greek
From Western Asia (Armenian, Turkish)
German
Arab
Ukrainian
From South America / Latin America
Polish
From the Caribbean (Jamaican, Haitian, etc.)
Dutch
African
Spanish
African American
Another group from Western Europe
Other
CROP
4
Preamble We considered all respondents of Aboriginal, Asian, Arab, Latin American, Caribbean, Afro American and African descent as “visible” ethno-cultural groups. However, given the relatively small sample sizes of these individual sub-groups, we grouped them under two broad denominations when comparing them to the group of respondents of Caucasian descent: Aboriginals and other Non-Caucasians. The sample was not weighted on the basis of ethnic origin: as happens in most surveys, cultural communities are particularly harder to reach and are therefore somewhat under-represented. That said, the sample includes a rich diversity of ethnic origins, in proportions that are relatively consistent with the presence of the various cultural groups in the Canadian population. Also, a preliminary analysis of results revealed a substantial age difference between Caucasian and non-Caucasian respondents, the latter group being significantly younger than the first, we decided therefore to compare the findings of these groups’ populations under 55 years of age, hence reducing the impact that the age difference may have on the results. Nonetheless, the respondents in “Other non-Caucasian” groups are still, on average, younger than the Aboriginal or the Caucasian respondent groups and are therefore proportionally fewer to have started disclosing their sexual orientation/gender identity to the people around them (see pages 17 & 19).
CROP
5
Preamble We also observed the following differences in the composition of the three respondent groups that are compared in this report (p.15 to 17), differences that may have some impact on the results: ▪ Percentage-wise, there are more Quebec respondents in the Caucasian group, more Aboriginals from Western Canada and more Non-Caucasians from Ontario ▪ In terms of proportions, the male respondents outnumber the female in the Aboriginal sample ▪ There is a larger proportion of bisexual respondents in the Non-Caucasian group of respondents
How to read the results It is possible that the sum of the results presented for some questions does not always equal 100% since we are using rounded percentages. The results written in blue or red font indicate that differences were observed between the subgroups under comparison: Numbers in BLUE indicate that the relevant sub-group obtained a significantly higher result than other sub-groups Numbers in RED indicate that the relevant sub-group obtained a significantly lower result than other sub-groups
CROP
6
Key findings REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Key findings ▪
Aboriginal LGBT respondents primarily stand out among the three groups under study as the group that are more comfortable living with their sexual orientation/gender identity than the LGBT community average. ✓ Indigenous LGBTs tend to perceive greater acceptance of their sexual orientation/gender identity among the people around them, particularly their friends
▪
▪
p.20
✓ They display a slightly stronger feeling of belonging to the LGBT community than LGBT individuals of Caucasian descent (82% vs. 68%) and are more confident of the movement’s ability to represent the values and needs of LGBT people overall
p.44, 45
✓ As a group, they are proportionally less prone to experiencing negative or depressive feelings in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity and their happiness index is slightly higher than the community average.
p.49, 51
When coming to terms with one’s sexual orientation/gender identity, support in breaking out of the isolation (“not alone in what they are going through”) and having access to assertive LGBT models are more important issues for Aboriginal LGBT people than for the average LGBT person. In addition, they are more sceptical than the other LGBT groups about Canadian society’s willingness to make efforts toward LGBT integration, and they advocate more strongly for awareness-raising campaigns against homophobia, biphobia and transphobia.
CROP
p.47
p.31, 32
p.35, 36
8
Key findings ▪
▪
The proportion of Aboriginal respondents who have experienced bullying does not differ from the LGBT population average; however, they reported proportionally more bullying incidents linked to their appearance, and those occurred more often in public areas and among the LGBT community.
p.40, 42
On the other hand, LGBT people from other non-Caucasian ethno-cultural groups clearly face more hardships due to their sexual orientation/gender identity than the other members of the LGBT community, most particularly within their family circle: ✓ Their sexual orientation/gender identity is markedly less accepted by their immediate family members (29% rather poorly or very poorly accepted versus 19% for Caucasian LGBT respondents) who are, therefore, less receptive and supportive toward them than experienced by the other LGBT groups
CROP
p.21, 22
✓ The family reactions to their “coming out” are more often some form of denial: in about half the cases, the family tends to just disbelieve/ignore the reality, or try to convince them that it’s just a phase that would pass (a reaction experienced by only a quarter to a third of Caucasian LGBT respondents)
p.23
✓ Reactions of rejection, disassociation, or of being looked at differently after coming out are also more frequently experienced by Non-Caucasian LGBT respondents (approximately a third of them vs. 16% to 22% among LGBT respondents of Caucasian descent)
p.24
9
Key findings ✓ The resulting emotional burden is all the heavier for these NonCaucasian LGBT individuals: 34% said their family gave them the impression that they were causing them sadness (vs.19% of Caucasian LGBT respondents)
p.23
✓ It is not surprising then that LGBT people from ethnic backgrounds experience more often within the family circle moments of unease in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity
p.29
✓ Also, while they did not, proportionally, experience more or less bullying in connection with their sexual orientation/gender identity than the community average, they report a higher percentage of bullying incidents of this type in family surroundings ▪
▪
A larger proportion of LGBT people from other non-Caucasian ethnocultural groups said that following their coming out, they felt isolated from the others at school or less accepted by the school staff, and/or had to face more challenges or bullying in their work environment. There are proportionally more Non-Caucasian LGBT respondents who think that community and local LGBT resources are most important, i.e. places where they would be listened to without judgement, and who plead for a greater visibility of these types of support resources.
CROP
p.41
p.28, 21, 27, 41
p.30, 36
10
Key findings â–Ş
â–Ş
While, proportionally, there are more other Non-Caucasian LGBT individuals than the community average who think that Canadian society is willing to make the necessary efforts to integrate sexual minorities (probably as opposed to their own culture), they still don’t feel as comfortable showing affection to a partner in a public situation (public areas, with friends who are not sexual minorities, and particularly not at a family get-together) . And lastly, LGBT people from other ethno-cultural groups do not live as well with their sexual orientation/gender identity and are a bit less happy in life than the Canadian average.
CROP
p.35, 37
p.47, 51
11
Comparative tables REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Sample characteristics REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Sample distribution by origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old (n=1771)
Canadian
68%
European
38%
Native (Aboriginal)
10%
Asian
8%
Latin American
2%
Caribbean
1%
African/African American
1%
Q11B. Which of the following groups do or did your parents belong to? Note: Multiple answers permitted
CROP
14
Sample distribution by gender identity according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1563
109
257
82
90
81
Man
38
57
31
Woman
44
33
50
Binary transgender individuals
9
4
11
Non-binary transgender individuals
6
6
7
Non-binary individuals: genderfluid, agender or demi-gender
2
0
1
(%) n=
Binary cisgender individuals
Q5. How would you define your gender identity? Are you‌
CROP
15
Sample distribution by sexual orientation according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1563
109
257
Homosexual
48
49
37
Bisexual
31
40
45
Pansexual
13
7
11
Asexual
4
1
4
(%) n=
Q6. How would you define your sexual orientation? Would you say you are‌
CROP
16
Sample distribution by age and region according to origin Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
15-17 years
10
10
7
11
18-24 years
14
13
12
24
25-34 years
39
41
41
32
35-44 years
21
20
18
23
45-54 years
17
16
22
10
Atlantic
7
6
9
2
Quebec
23
26
9
5
Ontario
39
37
38
55
Western Canada
31
31
43
39
(%) n=
Age of respondents
Region
CROP
17
Coming out to others about one’s sexual orientation/ gender identity REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Revealing their gender identity/sexual orientation to the people around them
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL
Revealing gender identity
n=
Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
Transgender, non-binary or genderfluid individuals under 55 years old
311
278
26*
41
Yes
91
92
86
85
No
9
8
14
15
1750
1543
107
255
Yes
87
88
89
75
No
13
12
11
25
Revealing sexual orientation Non-heterosexual LGBT individuals under 55 years old
n=
Q18a. Have you started revealing your gender identity to the people around you (friends, family, etc.)? Q18c. Have you started revealing your sexual orientation to your inner circle (friends, family, etc.)?
CROP
*Caution: small sample size
19
Level of acceptance by the various groups of people around them Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1513
1359
95
196
Very well accepted
75
75
92
70
Very and rather poorly accepted
3
3
0
1
530
473
45
73
Very well accepted
72
72
80
61
Very and rather poorly accepted
9
9
8
15
601
542
28*
74
Very well accepted
69
72
80
59
Very and rather poorly accepted
4
5
8
4
760
686
35
93
Very well accepted
64
63
78
63
Very and rather poorly accepted
5
5
3
12
(%) Your circle of friends
Your spouse / partner, your children
The management of the company you work for
Your coworkers
n=
n=
n=
n=
Q25. Generally speaking, how was your sexual orientation / gender identity accepted by‌?
CROP
*Caution: small sample size
20
Level of acceptance by the various groups of people around them (cont’d) Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people
Ethno-cultural origin
TOTAL
Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
683
608
47
97
Very well accepted
54
55
64
33
Very and rather poorly accepted
9
7
4
27
Your immediate family circle (parents, brothers, n= sisters)
1325
1210
84
142
Very well accepted
43
43
50
29
Very and rather poorly accepted
19
19
11
29
906
798
67
138
Very well accepted
43
44
52
32
Very and rather poorly accepted
12
11
14
15
976
899
69
92
Very well accepted
37
36
42
45
Very and rather poorly accepted
15
14
10
22
(%) The staff/management at your school / educational establishment
Your classmates
Your extended family circle (uncles, aunts, cousins, grand-parents, etc.)
n=
n=
n=
Q25. Generally speaking, how was your sexual orientation / gender identity accepted by‌?
CROP
21
Level of receptiveness and support from the close family Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1397
1273
91
158
61
61
71
46
59
60
65
41
(%) n=
Felt listened to and heard by the close family Very + Quite a bit listened to Felt supported by the close family Very + Quite a bit of support
Q27. Generally speaking, to what extent did you feel listened to, and heard by your close family when you revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to them? Q28. Generally speaking, to what extent did you feel supported by your close family when you revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to them?
CROP
22
Family reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin
TOTAL
Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1397
1273
91
158
Seemed worried for you and your future
44
45
30
47
Seemed happy that you were able to accept yourself as you are
39
39
37
30
Tried to convince you that it was a phase that would pass
35
34
41
54
Did not believe you / ignored the information
27
26
30
50
Gave you the impression you had disappointed them
22
22
24
29
Gave you the impression that you were causing them pain
21
21
13
34
Some family members: shame / slurs / violence / shock / rift
2
2
3
1
No reaction / never brought it up again
2
2
0
0
Other
2
2
1
2
None of these reactions
14
14
18
7
(%) n=
Q30. Did any members of your close family have any of the following reactions?
CROP
23
The effects of coming out on the relationship with the family Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1397
1273
91
158
No, I don`t feel that the relationship has changed
27
28
22
20
Feeling that our communication has improved
28
29
27
27
Feeling closer, that it’s brought us together
24
25
20
16
Feeling of confidence
24
24
28
26
Impression that they look at me differently
22
20
33
32
Feeling of incomprehension
21
21
19
27
Feeling of greater distance
18
18
17
31
Feeling that it’s created a rift, feeling of rejection
16
15
15
34
Impression that they don't like me as much
11
11
15
13
(%) n=
Q29. Do you feel that having revealed your sexual orientation / gender identity to your family has had any of the following effects on the relationship you have with them?
CROP
24
Friends’ reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1513
1359
95
196
Yes, one or two
31
31
17
28
Yes, several
11
11
6
13
No, none
58
58
77
59
Total yes (one or more)
42
42
23
41
(%) n=
Q31. Did some of your friends pull away from you once they learned about your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
25
Friends’ reactions to coming out Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1513
1359
95
196
Seemed happy that you had been able to accept yourself as you are
66
67
68
75
Gave you the impression that they were looking at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)
25
24
17
31
Seemed not to understand
29
30
17
28
Tried to convince you that it was a phase that would pass
13
13
11
16
Did not believe you / ignored the information
16
15
19
16
Some friends: pulled away / shock / rift / afraid I'd hit on them
3
3
2
0
Not surprised / Accepted it without drama
1
1
1
1
Other
2
2
0
0
None of these reactions
13
12
21
8
(%) n=
Q32. Did any of your friends have any of the following reactions?
CROP
26
Reactions to coming out in the workplace Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
776
701
35
96
Made some people look at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)
25
25
28
21
Lead to your commanding more respect
18
17
8
23
Had a negative impact on your career progression
8
8
0
15
Lead to your changing companies
8
7
0
20
Resulted in your having your position in the company changed
7
6
13
6
Resulted in your being given fewer responsibilities
5
4
1
8
Positive effects (opportunities, closer bonds, LGBT spokesperson)
4
4
9
4
Other
2
2
0
2
None of these reactions
52
53
55
45
(%) n=
Q33. In your work environment, do you have the impression that revealing your sexual orientation / gender identity:
CROP
27
Reactions to coming out at school Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant group of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
956
842
71
144
Made some people look at you differently (as though you had become a different person in their eyes)
33
33
25
34
Lead to your feeling isolated from the others
21
19
26
29
Lead to your commanding more respect
18
18
7
14
Resulted in your being chosen less often for group activities
12
11
2
20
Other
2
2
2
0
None of these reactions
48
49
59
46
(%) n=
Q34. In your school / learning environment, did you feel that revealing your sexual orientation / gender identity:
CROP
28
Frequency of reactions of unease among the various groups of people around them Base: Respondent under 55 years old who revealed their sexual orientation/gender identity to the relevant groups of people
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1419
1291
92
163
62
62
61
73
956
842
71
144
39
38
46
42
776
701
35
96
32
31
26
40
1513
1359
95
196
22
21
9
32
(%) Your family (immediate or extended)
n=
Often and occasionally Your school / educational environment
n=
Often and occasionally
Your work environment
n=
Often and occasionally Your circle of friends Often and occasionally
n=
Q26. Did you ever feel that your sexual orientation / gender identity created uneasiness with‌?
CROP
29
Most helpful sources of support Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
62 44 38 38 36 29 26 25
63 45 38 38 39 26 27 25
63 41 33 41 39 29 19 31
56 44 39 48 28 45 26 33
14
14
16
27
13 8 5 5 4 3 3 1
13 9 6 5 4 3 3 1
4 11 2 2 2 5 1 0
15 6 2 8 2 4 1 0
(%) n=
Friends / acquaintances who had been through a similar process Websites Movies or TV series Social media Friends / acquaintances who had not been through a similar process Access to LGBTQ community resources Family Books Meetings or activities organised by local or regional groups or support organisations Psychologist Chat support lines Social worker (social assistant, special education technician, etc.) Conferences / awareness building workshops (in schools or elsewhere) Telephone support lines Physician Sexologist Bars / Meeting places / Clubs
Q14. Among the following sources of support, which ones helped you most in the process of affirming, getting used to and accepting your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
30
Greatest benefits of the support they received Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were given support with regard to their sexual orientation
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1685
1488
99
248
Understanding that I was not alone in what I was going through
55
54
68
58
Finding a space where I felt understood for who I am
45
46
50
47
Developing my confidence by seeing other LGBTQ individuals affirm themselves
43
43
56
49
The ability to be heard without being judged
37
38
34
45
Lightening my load by confiding in someone
34
34
40
35
Understanding that I was not “sick�
24
23
18
22
Feeling like I belonged to a mutual support network
27
27
19
21
(%) n=
Q15. What was the greatest benefit to you of the support you received during the process of affirming, getting used to and accepting your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
31
Needs in terms of resources Base: Respondents under 55 years old who feel resources are insufficient
Ethno-cultural origin
TOTAL
Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
938
843
44
134
Support organization/Resources / Visible/accessible networks in the community (school, neighborhood...)
27
27
32
30
Support / Open-mindedness / Understanding/ Acceptance (family / people around them / in general)
20
20
11
25
Clear/accessible information on sexual/gender identities (courses at school, library, internet)
19
20
2
18
Visible sexual models / Accessible mentors/LGBTQ figures
16
15
40
12
Awareness raising/De-stigmatization in general (community, media)
11
12
3
5
Greater visibility/accessibility of support resources/SPECIALIZED services
11
10
4
20
(%) n=
Q17. What was missing most? What did you need more of?
CROP
32
Needs in terms of resources (cont’d) Base: Respondents under 55 years old who feel resources are insufficient
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
938
843
44
134
De-stigmatization/Training on sexual difference for public servants/specialized public services (health care, education etc.)
7
8
5
5
Feel less alone/a friend/someone to talk to (unspecified)
7
6
16
2
Information/Support/Acceptance of non-binary identity
7
8
2
6
Safe place / Tolerant/confidential meeting place in the locality
4
4
14
2
Other
4
4
2
2
DNK / NR / Nothing
7
8
5
5
(%) n=
Q17. What was missing most? What did you need more of?
CROP
33
Perceived social acceptance REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Perceived openness of Canadian society to making efforts toward LGBT integration Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin
TOTAL
Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Very much inclined
21
19
22
28
Fairly inclined
62
63
51
60
Not very inclined
15
16
26
12
Not at all inclined
2
2
1
0
Very much and fairly inclined
83
82
73
87
Not very and not at all inclined
17
18
27
13
(%) n=
Q77. To what extent do you feel Canadian society in general is currently inclined to make an effort to encourage integration of LGBTQ individuals?
CROP
35
Interventions that should be reinforced to promote the wellbeing and integration of LGBT people in Canadian society Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Return of / increase in sex education classes in schools
45
46
40
34
Better representation of LGBTQ individuals in the media
45
44
33
51
Increasing visibility of LGBTQ resources / groups (So that people who are in the process of coming out can connect to them more easily)
41
41
30
55
Consciousness-building workshops in schools
41
42
47
32
More clinics specialised in health issues specific to LGBTQ individuals
26
27
26
26
Ads against homophobia / transphobia
25
24
50
21
Facilitating access to medical treatment for gender transition
23
24
17
23
Consciousness-building workshops in companies
20
20
21
27
Consciousness-building workshops in areas that deal with senior citizens
8
9
5
7
Other
3
3
1
0
(%) n=
Q90. In your opinion, what are the interventions that it would be most useful to reinforce in the future in order to encourage the integration and wellbeing of LGBTQ individuals in Canadian society today?
CROP
36
Comfort level with showing affection to one’s partner in various situations Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1634
1445
104
230
…when you are in a public area (street, shopping centre, café, restaurant)
53
55
51
44
…when you are at a family get-together
45
47
40
26
…when you are with friends who are not sexual minorities
67
67
71
56
…when you are with LGBTQ friends
80
80
88
75
(%) Very and rather comfortable n=
Q81-Q82. When you are in a romantic relationship, do you feel comfortable showing affection to your partner …?
CROP
37
Feeling of having been discriminated against Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Yes
39
39
32
45
No
61
61
68
55
(%) n=
Q38. Have you ever felt that you were being discriminated against because of your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
38
Context and type of discrimination experienced Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were subjected to discrimination because of their sexual orientation/gender identity
TOTAL
(%) n=
Context At the workplace / Professional environment Public space / On the street (bar, restaurant, transport, washroom, travel...) School / Academic environment Friends / Social/leisure activities Public services (health care, customs, administration...) Family Associative activities (sports, church, volunteering...) Type of discrimination Insults / slurs / Verbal attacks Dismissal / Denial of employment / Pressured to quit Rejection / Isolation / Rift / Distance Denial of/slow service / Denial of lease Discrimination (unspecified) Treated differently / Discomfort / Indiscreet questions / "Friendly" advice Discrimination in the tasks assigned / advancement (at work, school, sports...) Lack of understanding/support / Feeling bad about myself Afraid of me / Disgusted by me (hyper-sexualization, same sex people afraid of me, influence on children) Bullying / Harassment (unspecified) On the street: shock / contempt / disapproval General prejudice/lack of understanding Physical assault Other Prefer not to say No answer
Ethno-cultural origin Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
657
583
48
94
32 13 11 6 8 7 4
35 13 12 7 9 7 4
49 16 14 4 3 6 2
12 24 8 2 1 2 3
21 15 10 10 10 9 8 6
20 16 11 10 10 9 8 5
33 27 19 5 1 8 1 2
38 15 5 8 13 2 6 5
4
5
5
3
4 4 3 2 7 1 7
4 4 3 2 7 1 7
4 15 3 2 1 4 2
2 7 3 4 1 2 7
Q39. In what context did this arise and what type of discrimination were you subjected to?
CROP
39
Proportion of respondents who have experienced bullying Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Yes, linked to my sexual orientation / gender identity
50
50
55
44
Yes, linked to my appearance
50
51
69
46
Yes, linked to my way of behaving or expressing myself
45
44
48
41
Yes, linked to something else
32
33
32
25
No, Never
19
19
25
15
Total yes
81
81
75
85
n=
Q35. Have you ever been a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments?
CROP
40
Environment where bullying was experienced in connection with sexual orientation/gender identity Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were a victim of bullying
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
728
668
58
84
Public places
63
61
69
73
School environment
63
64
65
64
Within my family
34
31
36
51
Work environment
31
31
27
45
Within the LGBTQ community
21
23
17
16
Among my circle of friends
20
20
21
12
In health care establishments
16
16
10
16
Within associations
13
11
7
16
During administrative processes
11
12
7
12
Online / on social media
2
2
0
0
Other
1
1
3
0
(%) n=
Q36. In what types of environments did you find yourself being a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments?
CROP
41
Environment where bullying was experienced for a reason other than sexual orientation or gender identity Base: Respondents under 55 years old who were a victim of bullying
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1240
1095
85
188
School environment
73
75
78
71
Public places
44
43
57
47
Within my family
31
29
39
43
Work environment
22
23
17
22
Among my circle of friends
22
23
18
17
Within the LGBTQ community
19
18
30
24
In health care establishments
11
12
6
9
Within associations
7
7
7
6
During administrative processes
7
8
0
7
Online / on social media
1
1
0
1
Other
1
1
0
0
(%) n=
Q37. In what types of environments did you find yourself being a victim of bullying, threats or hurtful or unkind comments linked to other things than your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
42
Feeling of belonging and perceptions of the LGBT environment REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Feeling of belonging to the LGBT movement Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Yes, a lot
25
25
22
24
Yes, a little
44
43
61
42
No, not really
25
26
15
23
No, not at all
6
6
3
10
Total a lot + a little
68
68
82
67
(%) n=
Q72. Do you feel you belong to the LGBTQ community?
CROP
44
Ability of LGBT movements to represent the values of all members Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Very well
22
22
33
18
Rather well
60
60
38
59
Very and rather well
82
82
71
77
(%) n=
The values and needs of LGBTQ individuals
Q70. To what extent would you say current LGBTQ movements and groups represent ‌
CROP
45
Impact of sexual orientation / gender identity on personal wellbeing REPORT PREPARED FOR FONDATION JASMIN ROY
life to ideas
Ability to live well with one’s sexual orientation/ gender identity Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Very well
44
44
52
36
Rather well
45
45
40
55
A lot more difficult
15
15
19
19
A little more difficult
41
42
29
38
Neither more or less difficult
28
29
31
21
(%) n=
Ability to live well with one’s sexual orientation / gender identity
Perceived level of difficulty in life
Q85. Generally speaking, would you say that you live very well, rather well, rather poorly or very poorly with your sexual orientation/gender identity? Q87. Do you feel that overall, your life will be or will have been more difficult, less difficult or neither more nor less difficult than that of someone who is not part of a sexual minority?
CROP
47
Impact of sexual orientation / gender identity on quality of life Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
20
19
17
23
32
32
30
42
14
13
8
22
28
27
32
41
15
15
11
13
17
16
14
19
(%) n=
Your intimate relationships Rather and very negative Your mental health Rather and very negative Your physical health Rather and very negative Your family life Rather and very negative Your career Rather and very negative Your financial progression in life Rather and very negative
Q86. Do you feel that your sexual orientation / gender identity has had a very positive, rather positive, rather negative, very negative or no impact on the following aspects of your life:
CROP
48
Experiencing negative or depressive feelings in connection with the sexual orientation / gender identity Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
Yes, that has happened to me a little in the past
32
31
35
28
Yes, that happened to me a lot in the past
38
37
24
48
Yes, I currently feel a bit like that
22
22
15
21
Yes, I feel that a lot, currently
12
12
6
14
No
18
18
35
15
Total yes in the past
68
67
57
73
Total yes currently
33
33
20
34
Total yes (currently or in the past)
82
82
65
85
(%) n=
Q84. Do you ever or have you ever had feelings of confusion, loneliness, isolation and discouragement related to your sexual orientation / gender identity?
CROP
49
Proportion of respondents with high-risk behaviours Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1659
1468
105
234
…had unprotected sex with people that you know very little or not at all
54
54
61
49
…consumed alcohol excessively and repetitively
62
64
66
48
…consumed “soft” drugs (e.g., cannabis, ecstasy)
57
60
63
41
…consumers “hard” drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroine, amphetamines, LSD)
26
25
37
18
(%) Total Yes n=
Q53. Do you or have you ever…?
CROP
50
Feeling of happiness Base: Total respondents under 55 years old
Ethno-cultural origin TOTAL Caucasians
Aboriginals
Other NonCaucasians
1771
1563
109
257
1 – 2 : Unhappy
14
13
6
21
5 – Very happy
15
15
29
10
Average score
3,5
3,5
3,8
3,3
n=
Q69. On a scale from 1 to 5 where 1 means very unhappy and 5 very happy, to what extent to you consider yourself to be happy?
CROP
51
555, RENÉ-LÉVESQUE OUEST MONTRÉAL (QUÉBEC) H2Z 1B1 BUREAU 1501 T 514 849-8086 WWW.CROP.CA
life to ideas