PART 2 | Master Plan
GOLD COAST AIRPORT Connection, Destination, Journey
Phillip Naude
28.1656° S, 153.5091° E QLD, AUSTRALIA
Cultures and climates differ all over the world, but people are the same. They’ll gather in public if you give them a good place to do it. - Jan Gehl
Integrated airport city model: Re-inventing Gold Coast Airport as a Destination Hub A design concept presented by Phillip Naude under the supervision of Prof Karine Dupre to The Masters of Architecture Program, in the subject of Architecture, Landscape Architecture, and Urban Planning Griffith University Gold Coast July 2018
Contents Context 04 05 06 07 08 09
The History The Context Opportunities & Risks Site Location The Concept Current Function Masterplan 10 11
The Masterplanning Journey Design Objectives Concept 12 15 17
Urban Principals Walkability Proposed Masterplan Development 18 19 20 21
Architectural Principals Initial Ideas Methodology Going Forward...
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GOLD COAST AIRPORT CITY
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G C A GOLD COAST AIRPORT The gateway to the central east coast 28.1656° S, 153.5091° E QLD, AUSTRALIA
GC AIRPORT market share in aus
intent Based on prior research, it has been identified that Gold Coast Airport is experiencing immense growth over the past decade and is projected to grow to over 16.6 million passengers per year by 2037, up from the current amount of 6 million (GCA Master Plan, 2017).
Globally, it is recognised that most airports
serve their primary function as a fulcrum for national and international travel. Gold Coast airport is located on an immensely unique site that offers both risks and opportunities. It has been identified that Gold Coast airport has the potential to become a destination hub and this project seeks to achieve that through a carefully considered master plan concept.
01 | CONTEXT
2000
2.3% 2015
4%
2016 passengers p/a
6m
2037 projected passengers p/a
16.6m
05
OPPORTUNITIES & RISKS Risks Based Various
risks around the GC airport site pose threats to the land and the community within the area. However, the two primary risks for concern is the current and projected noise impact that is predicted to increase and impact surrounding communities immensely as a large proportion of the area is residential. Secondly, the proximity to the ocean results in concern for the rising sea level and erosion creeping ever nearer to the bordering land just beyond the airport fringe.
NOISE IMPACT (Aus Noise Exposure Forecast - 2047)
RESILIENCE TO SEA LEVEL (Aus Onine Coastal Information - 2100)
VIEWS
OCEAN PROXIMITY
Opportunities
“Coolangatta”
- the current location adjacent to the airport site, translates from the Aboriginal meaning to:
“PLACE OF GOOD VIEW”
As such, the proximity to the ocean and surrounding lakes offer immense views and other social opportunities that can be utilised. Furthermore, Coolangatta and the surrounding area can benefit from redevelopment as in previous years areas like Surfers Paradise and Broadbeach has had priority. This has helped enhance community liveability and could do the same for Coolangatta, elevating the standard and creating a more balanced relationship between the hubs on the Coast.
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SURFERS
COOLANGATTA BROADBEACH
COOLANGATTA REDEVELOPMENT
SITE LOCATION
GOLD COAST AIRPORT CITY
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South East Queensland Gateway
current airport size
Brisbane
Gold Coast Airport Byron Bay
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THE GOLD COAST CONCEPT CONTEXT DRIVEN CONCEPT
The Concept
The concept was derived from multiple factors
including the sites context through analysis and experience along with Jan Gehl’s underlying masterplanning principals.
Fluidity // noun
1 of a substance able to flow easily 1.1 Smoothly elegant or graceful 1.2 Not settled or stable
Firstly, Gold Coast is unique in its setting with a linear flow of settlement along the coast. With nearly all year round sunshine and a coastal lifestyle of surf and fun, a naturally calm yet constantly moving atmosphere presents itself.
The unbounded expansion of flow just as the settlement along the
This contributed to the eventual understanding that the concept would be based around fluidity.
It is within this understanding that the concept will serve as the underlying motif for the design development.
Gold Coast occurred from the northern parts of Southport down towards Coolangatta along the coast line.
FUNCTION
CURRENT AERONAUTICAL FUNCTIONS AND SITE
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THE MASTERPLAN JOURNEY - as defined by by Jan Gehl
1
Discovery
2
Life
Vision
Programming
more than mixed use
Understanding how people and users move, spend time and enter and exit the site and surroundings
Defining a shared vision for the site and its public spaces.
Public spaces are the drivers of social interactions, local economy, connectivity, mobility and a creation of culture and memories of place.
Space public spaces at the heart
Understanding the qualities and potentials of the existing site such as the history, mobility, climate and connections Buildings consideration for the human scale
Understanding the quality of the existing built space, facades, functions and densities
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3
Execute
Delivering
and manifesting the space and program requirements sustainably and systematically. With the aim of achieving the defined strategies and objectives whilst respecting the guidelines and risks imposed.
02 | MASTERPLAN
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
1
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Develop a user centric design built around human function as opposed to transit,
equal and flexible access for pedestrians
2 To develop a destination hub for passengers and locals
3 fluidity Reiterating the concept of fluidity symbolising the nature of the Gold Coasts lifestyle and context
Establish a link between airport and city to help revitalise Coolangatta’s hub
Through natural and fluid links, fostering stronger connection and a greater sense of community
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URBAN PRINCIPALS MACRO DESIGN STRATEGY
1
Existing Access
Developing Split Level, Dedicated Airport Drive
3
Linking Heavy And Light Rail with Airport And Coolangatta
Original
Split
Connection
Original access is linear with
Creating a separate drive for
Developing greater connection
an irregular connection to surrounding hubs with several implied boundaries from the motorway, parking and buildings.
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2
A unidirectional lane (Terminal Drive) provides access to the current terminal hosting International and Domestic Terminals for both arrivals and departures on a single level.
departures that elevates above the current arrivals drive helps mitigate traffic. A house relocation strategy allows for penetration of a proposed road creating a pocket in front of the airport as well as opening up the corridor for uninterrupted views.
to the wider Gold Coast region through establishing light and heavy rail connections through the airport to the Coolangatta hub allowing ease of travel for passengers and locals.
03 | CONCEPT
URBAN PRINCIPALS
GOLD COAST AIRPORT CITY
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MACRO DESIGN STRATEGY
Coolangatta Site
Corridor
Access
1 Providing an internal corridor that flows adjacent to coast
1 Improved access through various entry/exit points
2 Encouraging natural movement between hubs
2 Circulation around primary hub
Movement
1 Enabling direct, linear movement for ease and accessibility
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URBAN DEVELOPMENT MACRO DESIGN STRATEGY
Revitalising the Esplanade
Implementing the green belt
By revitalising the esplanade currently running along the coast line all along the Gold Coast, activity along the fringe will occur allowing for greater engagement with locals and the airport.
Next, adding a green corridor for pedestrian and cycle traffic will allow for a safer and more efficient mode of travel in the airport and surrounding zones to Coolangatta. Pockets of retail, commercial and residential will fall along the green corridor fostering community and activity.
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WALKABILITY
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THE POSSIBILITY OF A WALKABLE CITY
How do we get people to walk?
The High Line, New York
According to Jeff Speck, city planner and urban designer, there are generally 4 criteria that need to occur simultaneously to encourage walkability.
1 2
A Reason To Walk. Providing dedicated walking areas instead of car lanes with footpaths. Ensuring for a balance of uses along the way. A Safe Walk. Through perception and reality. Smaller block sizes means narrower streets and less implied congestion. Details matter from smaller curb size to adding greenery to slow cars down.
3
A Comfortable Walk. Through space and orientation. Achieving a ratio where the height and width is in balance where the height should always be equal or greater than the width to ensure pockets of activity rather than empty parking sites or wide roads.
4
An Interesting Walk. By providing signs of humanity. Through active ground floors and social catalysts.
An overgrown old railway became an elevated walkway for residents providing a refreshing space, economical growth and social activities through art installations and cafe’s. It has now become an attraction for locals and tourists Rio Project, Madrid
Developed over a very busy and almost unusable pedestrian space, the area was transformed creating a new neighborhood and improving the livability of the area.
Originally an area with poor livability. However, with the highways underground and independent from the walkway, an entirely new space with value is created.
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WALKABILITY
PROPOSING A GREEN CORRIDOR
Achieving Walkability As per Jeff Specks ‘holistic’ criteria for achieving walkability, a proposed green corridor will follow along the internal fringe between the ocean and the airport all the way to the Coolangatta hub. With pockets of intervention and activity along the way, the journey is insentivised and encouraged.
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With only a 25-30 minute walk from either hub, the airport can successfully function as a destination rather than simply a facility for passengers.
PROPOSED MASTER PLAN ZONE & PROGRAM ALLOCATION
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Airport Terminal
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ARCHITECTURAL PRINCIPALS MICRO DESIGN STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT
1
Elevated Program An elevated function allows uninterrupted views toward the proposed park and ocean views unique to the Gold Coast site
2
Split Level Access Split levels allow for traffic mitigation and a new dedicated terminal drive for the projected increase in passenger numbers
3
4
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Public Atrium Landside A large public atrium on landside with community intensives will encourage a destination oriented space for passengers and locals
A Fluid Form A design that encompasses the context, culture and atmosphere of the Gold Coast. A form that locals and tourists can admire and remember as being uniquely reminiscent of the Gold Coast
04 | DEVELOPMENT
INITIAL IDEAS ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL
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METHODOLOGY ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL
Physical Modeling
Computational Modeling
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AESTHETIC PRECEDENTS ARCHITECTURAL PROPOSAL
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Moving forward... The design development will focus on the architectural scale of the Airport Terminal with particular emphasis on:
1
Land side atrium for public and passengers
2
Facade resolution that is iconic and symbolic of the Gold Coast
3
Refining the transition between terminal and ocean
REFERENCES NOISE IMPACT (Aus Noise Exposure Forecast - 2047) RESILIENCE TO SEA LEVEL (Aus Onine Coastal Information - 2100)
GOLD COAST PLANNING SCHEME - GCCC http://www.goldcoast.qld.gov.au/ gcplanningscheme_1111/attachments/planning_ scheme_maps/overlay_maps/OM08C_AIRPORT_ NOISE_EXPOSURE/OM8c.pdf AUSTRALIAN ONLINE COASTAL INFORMATION - AUSTRALIAN GOVT http://www.ozcoasts.gov.au/climate/Map_ images/SthEastQld/mapLevel2_South.jsp
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