YAO MA | PORTFOLIO
Master Candidate of Landscape Architecture THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STATE COLLEGE,PA
E-MAIL: yxm79@psu.edu TEL: 814-777-0914
Landscape architecture, should speak for its time and space, but yearn for timeless.
Residential Design Sustainable Urban Density
03. Spring Creek Wetland Park GIS based Outdoor Recreation Park
04. Zhong Yuan University Recreation Center
Parametric Design 05. Platform Automatic Generation of Platforms Based on Terrain
Workshop + Internship + Others 06. "MRVT" -- A New Life Watershed Conservation and Sustainable Rural Development
07. Photographs/ Drawings/ Records Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Morocco
CONTENT
02. The Flow
CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT
01. Engaging
CONTENT
Academic
01
ENGAGING Location: State College, PA Type: Residential Landscape Deisgn Term: Spring 2019 Instructor: Ken Tamminga
Academic
Located in a Ridge &Valley Region, college town got a vast development over the past hundred years. The differences in demographic components result in communities here that are different from those in other ordinary cities. Through our investigation on several existing communities in this region, the problem that community public space as immediate surroundings which should reflect community identities has not been solved well. Working at a human scale place-making, the design responds to the local landscape texture and infiltrates residents’ life cycles. The design forms cohesive spatial volumes which vitalize the community and improve human’s well-being. The central green space is adjacent to the convivial street with retails. Surrounded by sports field and housing units, it is a site with large opportunities. With the Community Center sitting at the South, people could experience a spatial succession by grabbing a cup of coffee from street and entering the Ginkgo Plaza, taking an ADA accessible ramp up to rooftop level, looking at the Woodland Garden, walking through Green Roof and getting down to the Community Center. Serving as a community gathering space, the site welcomes residents to interact both with nature and their neighbors. The Ginkgo Plaza is an extension of the plaza sequence at the street. By taking the notion of the “learning landscape”, Community Garden and Woodland Garden provide the opportunity for residents to explore and cultivate nature. Large windows of Community Center enhance visual line leaking and dissolve the edge of architecture and landscape. Materials are chosen locally to orchestrate vision with context. The design encourages people to interact with each other and make their life entrustment into the community.
Academic
Academic
Academic
Academic
Program Diagrams Architecture Programs
02
Open Space Character
Courtyard Character
Location: Cleveland, Ohio Type: Collaborative Studio with Arch. + Individual Landscape Deisgn Term: Fall 2018 Instructors: Dan Marriott, Dan Willis.
= Green Flow
+ Stormwater Management
Academic
The Master Plan was developed by an interdisciplinary group of 6 to fulfill the building footprints and architecture programs arrangement. Taking the existing Salvation Army building into consideration, the master plan also include adding new residence, public spaces, and other facilities. For individual landscape design phase, the focusing point is to combine the “green“ with high density buidings to give a chance of sustainable development especially in a typical “rust belt city“ as Cleveland. Water has a strong force of disruption if it is not managed in a right way. However, with a high concern of stormwater, this design is to make a good use of on site stormwater and let it meander through the site as a supply to water features and other facilities. This layered green infrastructure system is a combination of water flow and green flow to maximize the quantity and augment the quality of urban landscape.
System Diagram
A layered and continuous system, An Integrated
Sunken Garden
GROUND FIELD
“Green Infrastructure”
Perspective Diagram Academic
that is: Quantitatively Maximized Qualitatively Augmented
ELEVATED
UNDER GROUND
Design Diagram
Master Plan
Stormwater Design
Densifying of Programs along Water Flow
Extention the Surrounding Axis to Expand Viewshed
Sequence of Stripes forming Landscape & Complimenting Architecture
Academic
Aerial View
Snow Scene
Academic
1.
2. 4.
Legend 1. Retail 2. Container Bar 3. Tree Plaza
3.
4. Performance Space
Project Proposal
Aquatic Plants
Streams
SPRING CREEK
T
RE
Trees
R C
TIO EA
Stormwater Management
N
Detaining & Retaining
WETLAND PARK
Ponds
ACTIVITIES EDUCATION Vegetation & Aquatic Plants BBQ & Picnic Jogging & Cycling
Precedent construction is an essential way to study. Millbrook Marsh is the closest place to campus. It provide people with unique marsh ecosystem, walking trails, wildlife viewing areas and beautiful views. Shelters provided for wildlife is the “bridge� for wildlife migration. Marsh is covered by large quantities of cattails. In the preservation part, sensitive areas has been constructed in the core area to preserve sensitive plants. As is shown in the photo, river bank is well protected by rocks and black willows to avoid soil from erosion.
Map Captured from Google. 2017
Academic
Undertake the function of retaining floodwater Establish a complete park system Provide an outdoor recreation place Public education of aquatic plants biomes
EN
The project is designed based on the analysis of social & biological factors. The proposal includes:
EM
Islands
Location: Bellefonte, PA. Type: Individual Work, Landscape Architectural Planning & Design Term: Fall 2017 Instructors: Wu Hong, Stephen Mainzer, Frans Padt
Wetlands are land areas which contain seasonal or permanent water, and are home of many plants and animals. Wetland park serves people with a certain cultural or aesthetic value for them to carry out scientific research and eco-tourisms. Spring Creek Watershed has abundant water resources and owns numerous rivers and streams. Those natural conditions make it suitable for constructing a wetland park. Several counties locate in Spring Creek Watershed and contain large populations. The Wetland Park for Spring Creek Watershed involves ecological reconstruction with the view of long term sustainable development. The aim is to ensure that the stream is preserved, protected and promoted as a natural element as well as reinforcing its importance as an active public area of recreation. Cycling and jogging can also take place in the park thus fitness trails are recommended to be built. Wetland Park offers people the opportunity to get close to nature and to learn about aquatic plants. It can be part of a regional stormwater management which assumes function of detaining and retaining water.
NA
Stream Buffer
Spring Creek Wetland Park
Design Intent:
MA
Millbrook Marsh
G
03
WATE R
Site to Visit
Suitability Analysis
Final Suitability Map
Interim Map
LAND USE
MAJOR ROAD BUFFER
TARGET PEOPLE
PARK SYSTEM
SOIL TYPE !
Bellefonte !
Bellefonte
!
Pleasant Gap !
Pleasant Gap
!
State College
More Suitable
!
State College
More Suitable
Major Cities Road Buffer
!
Pine Grove Mills
¯
1
1
0
1.5
3
6 Miles
2
2
3
3
¯
!
Pine Grove Mills
0
More Suitable
Canyon Parcel
!
Boalsburg
More Suitable
!
Boalsburg
1.5
3
1
1
6 Miles
2 3
2
Less Suitable
Wetland park is not suitable to be located in the area which is close to the major high way. Thus, a buffer of 2000 feet was formed. These lands should be removed from design space.
The landuse within the Spring Creek Watershed is complex. Some are developed lands and others are for commercial uses which is not suitable for a park. The most suitable one is the vacant and public lands.
There are three different kinds of soil type with in the watershed. Most of the wetland parks are built on the alluvium soil because it is has formed from erosion through movement in water.
SLOPE
POPULATION
AREA OF INTEREST
Less Suitable Several parks are already existing in the watershed but their serving places can not cover the whole area within Spring Creek Watershed. The designing wetlandpark can be a part of the park system thus the serving area should not overlap. There are two buffers in the right map. The first buffer level is 0.5 mile and the second on is 1 mile. The suitable location should be far away from these buffers. An integrity park system will form a corridor for wildlife to pass across. Also, park system can lead winds into the city.
Major Cities Wetland park can take a function of education and informing those who came to this place about plants identification by proCanyon Parcel viding a variety of visible plant types or communities. Signage or exhibits with brief text and clear graphic will be helpful. Since Less Suitable= 24 the people with bachelor degrees or above can have more access to know about plants, people under bachelor degree can be the target people. The most suitable places are holding more than 4000 people of target. Park should be built near their living spaces.
More Suitable=8
!
Bellefonte
[Analytical Matrices] !
Pleasant Gap
ELEMENTS SUITABILITY !
!
2
More Suitable
Boalsburg
1 Pine Grove Mills
ROAD
SLOPE
POP DENSITY
< 5%
>25 PERSON/ ACRE
SOIL
PARK SYSTEM
TARGET PEOPLE
VALUE
!
State College
More Suitable
LANDUSE
¯
0
1.5
3
6 Miles
3
Less Suitable Slope is an important element for water because it can control the flows direction. Wetland park should be built at a low elevation with a soft slope. Thus it can detaining water when there is a heavy stormwater comming from the upper streams.
Pop Density 1
1
VACANT
2
PARKS/ RECREATION
3
AGRICULTURAL
BUFFER> 2000 ft.
ALLUVIUM
> 1 MILE
> 4000 PEOPLE
< 0.5 MILE
<1000 PEOPLE
2 3
Less Suitable Where the population distributes is a big issue to analyze in the design process. When the wet land park is close to communities, it is easy to access.
Academic
Less Suitable
Less Suitable
3
< 15% BUFFER< 2000 ft.
> 15%
RESIDUUM <5 PERSON/ ACRE
COLLUVIUM
By taking all social and biophysical elements into consideration, a final suitability map was made on the right. The lightest part counts a sum value of 8 which means it is the most suitable place for a wetland park. Area of interest is a vacant area which lies in the canyon parcels and is quite next to a large agricultural land. There are two fish hatcheries and a Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. River bank is meandering with lawns and a small scale of forest. The elevation is low to ensure the abundant of water and to keep the relative higher air humidity for aquatic plants. Stream in this location can provide plenty of water and in spring there sometimes stormwater will turn into flood. Transportation is convenient so that location of wetland is easy to reach. Sitting closer to major cities or counties makes this place to be better. Thus, this is the most suitable locations for a future wetland park.
Site Analysis Existing Roads
Shi
loh
Existing Water Source
Problems & Challenges Rd
Sp
ring
Flooding Hazard
Cre
ek
Data Source: Google Flood
Spring Creek Watershed will receive its peak flow in spring and winter annually which may lead to flooding.
Narrow Trails There is only one trail near the designing site. It is hard for people to take any activity.
Design Concept
Data Source: Google Chemical Pollution
Water Pollution
Some residents areas are surrounding this stream. Also, this site locates in between two fish hatcheries. Chemicals used for disease treatment can lead pollution.
400 ft Data Source: 2017 Google Map
0
Slopes
Transform the topography
LEGEND Steep Slope
ÂŻ 0
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3 9S I9 I99N
0.4 Miles
Copyright:Š 2013 NationalSpring Geographic Society, i-cubed Creek Canyon
Data Source: 2013 National Geographic Society
Desirable Constructing Place
Resulting topography
Layers of vegetation
B. T. P UNIT
7
River Bank+ Trail+ Pond
Season of Shallow Water
Retaining Floodwater
ZOOM IN Section A -- A
A Normal Precipitation
Spring Creek Wetland Park Masterplan Enrtrance
2
Parking Lot
3
Visitor Center
4
Fluctuant Trails
5
B. T. P Unit
6
Reception Ponds Fishing Deck Spring Creek
7 8
A
5
B 0
20’ ft.
Section B -- B
Academic
1
B
6
N
125’
250’
500’ ft.
4 3 0
20’ ft.
0
50’ ft.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
Integration access to different trails
15
2
1
There are two fish hatcheries close to this site. One is upstream, another one is down stream at the fisherman paradise. Both of them are related to this commission. Originally constructed in 1933-34, the Bellefonte State Fish Hatchery is situated on 100 developed acres (195 total acres) of land owned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and managed by the Fish and Boat Commission.
The Pennsylvania State University locates at the biggest city in canyon parcels--State College. Vegetation survey should be conducted before the construction of wetland park. Also, the acquatic plants for education should be selected by botanists.
The follow-up maintainance can be conducted by Centre Region Parks and Recreation, which is a mission of the Centre Region Parks and Recreation Authority to serve Centre Region residents of all ages throughout the year with a variety of recreation opportunities for enriching their lives through the use of programs and facilities, leadership resources and technical assistance services for participating municipalities, individuals and groups.
SITE ANALYSIS OLD COMMUNITIES VISITORS
04
ZHONG YUAN Location: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province,P.R.China Type: Individual Work, Landscape Architectural Planning & Design Term: Spring, 2015 Instructor: Zhang Li
Project Users Traditional communities x University students/ Graduates x Young scientists x Patients Community culture inheritance/ Pubic activity/ Neighborhoods Recreational facilities/ Group living arrangements/ Communication
RESEARCHERS
Academic
Social life/ Efficient routes Health resort zone/ Convalescent/ Contact with nature
This site locates in a place where I passed numerous times during my undergraduate. The peripheral people flow is complex and large. There are two roads surrounding the site and one of which is the main road of the campus. Project is aiming at improving the landscape of the site and manage a tea house to serve vsitors in the site. There is a challenge to deal with sunken site and the elevation difference between the site and the landform because this site is lower than the surrounding terrain.
BRAIN STORM
3
MADRID RIO [precedent 2]
P 1
Tree Array
[precedent 1]
setting communication
2
Horticultural Therapy
S
A
E C
The Avenida is one of the most important roads into the centre of Madrid and is characterized by its impressive environs. By relocating the road in a tunnel and providing underground parking for 1.000 vehicles, it was possible to convert the space into a garden, benefitting the local residents in particular.
SCHEME GENERATION
Existing Entrance
Flow Density
Tendency Route
Best View Site
Static/ Dynamic Space
[Plan Formation]
Academic
1
SECTIONAL SITE ANALYSIS
Primary School
Traffic Way
Site
International Exchang Center Traffic Way
Residential Area
SITE PHOTO
2
3
4
5
PERSPECTIVE
Academic
3 4
2
1
Legend 1. Entrance 2. Tree Array 3. Tea House 4. Elevation Viewing Platform
SITE PLAN
SECTION A-A
LAYER [Tree Retention] 8.
Koelreuteria paniculata
1.
Cedrus deodara
0 20m
5 Ginkgo biloba
12.
1.
10. 6.
3 1
11.
4
2
[Infrastructures&Elements]
5
1 Steps of Trees
A
2 Leisure Lawn
A
3 "U" Pool
4.
4 Viewing Platform 7
Academic
5 Bench
5.
6 Meditation Forest 8
6
7 Mirror Surface 8 Tree Array
7.
[Landforms]
4 3 1
Legend 1.
Entrances Tree Array Entrance Plaza Tea House Flower Border Timber Deck Tufty Bamboos Themed Wall Pergola 10. Elevation Viewing Platform 11. Steps of Hall Crabapple 12. Terrace Cafe
2
1. +2.000
5 6
PLANTATION STRATEGIS [Flower Border]
2. +0.000 7
3. -0.200
3.
9.
6. +0.900
0
5
20m
4 11
1.
7
5
17
4
3
6
5. +0.800 7. +1.200
2.
2
1
4. +1.600
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
2
12
13 14 18
8
15
19
10 16
9
14. Miscanthus sinensis
2. Camellia japonica
15. Digitalis purpurea
3. Acer palmatum 4. Salvia japonica
16. Heuchera micrantha 17. Farfugium japonicum
5. Hibiscus syriacus 6. Canna indica
18 Aquilegia viridif 19. Chrysanthemum paludosum
7. Hydrangea macrophylla
20. Centaurea cineraia 21. Platycladus orientalis
8. Lavendula pinnata
20 N
0 0.5
1. Loropetalum chinense
2m
21
9. Delphinium grandifl 10. Salix integra 11. Carex oshimensis 12. Campanula medium 13. Elaeagnus pungens
Precedent
05
PLATFORM Type: Individual Work, Parametric Design Term: Spring, 2018 Instructor: Eduardo Castro e Costa
Photos credit to Steinar Skaar, Jiri Havran The pictures above show a project which is facing a great mountain along Geiranger. Ørnevegen is the name of the eleven hairpin bends that ascend the steep, verdant hillside from Geiranger towards Eidsdal. At the top lies the Ørnesvingen viewing point, with its own waterfall. From here the view opens towards Geiranger, across the Geirangerfjord with its near-perpendicular mountainsides, the “Seven Sisters” waterfalls and the Knivsflå mountain hamlet. Artist: May Elin Eikaas-Bjerk. 2015
Design Concept
Parametric Design
In landscape, Viewing Platform is serving as a travel terminus or a stop node. This project is managed to create a viewing platform program which can be applied into real scenarios. The platform is formed by several cubes to provide a flat surface. Coding to get those cubes touch is the second step. The last step is to generate pillars to accomodate to the terrain.
Generation Process
let user select several random points
get cubes
let them touch
Parametric Design
create rectangles through vectors
PROBLEMS & CHALLENGES
CONTEXT
Yangchuan River
06
[Rivers]
Luoshui River
"MRVT"_A NEW LIFE Luoan River Watershed Ecological Region Building Project Suiyang County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province,P.R.China Type:Internship Collaborator: Tang Kun, Zhang Yulin, Zhao Jianzhao Date: June, 2016
[Zunsui Highway]
[Flood Hazard]
[Residential Water Problem]
[Scattered Village]
[Lack of Open Space]
The construction of villages is not conducive to the development of traffic
There is no available open space for festival or other activities.
June and july are the flood seasons in each year. As river twists and turns, it is highly possible to do harm to residents.
[Crab Farming]
Residents rely mainly on well T h e a q u a c u l t u r e water and tap water. However, environment will have an the abuse of groundwater is impact on water quality. likely to cause water pollution and geological instability.
[Site Sketch] Yufeng Mountain
Internship
"MRVT"stands for mountain/river/ village/terrace. Through out my whole working experience in Niuxin village, these are four factors that impressed me a lot. We are seeking for bringing this village a new life and enhancing the income of residents by accelerating the development of tourism.
Huangyu River
Zunsui Highway
Terrace Niuxin Village
To Zunyi
To Suiyang
SITE TEXTURE
PROPOSAL & STRATEGIES
Yufeng Mountain
[River Bank] [A] Multiple Layers Circulation
natural forest buffer circulation submerged zone
[C] Leisure Waterfront
buffer and ramp upper circulation leisure waterfront
Internship
Settlements
upper circulation stabilization zone submerged zone
[B] Forest Buffer Recovery
Desirable Destination Unaccessible
[Village Water Ecology]
Actions
Consequence
Partially Accessible
ROAD SYSTEM STRATEGIES [Primary Road Network]
Aquatic Organisms [Secondary Road Network]
Battery Car Stands Transfer Points
Build a more stable and reliable aquatic environment.
[Tertiary Road Network] Wetland Terrace
Motorway Battery Drive
Anti-seepage Barrier
Bicycle Path Cycle Stands
Walking Road
Build Islands
Runoff Water
COD + NH4 NH3
SKYWALK_CONCEPT
SKYWAY PLAN
[Break Texture]
People use terraced fields to prevent soil erosion.
10/16/2016
0
20m
Elongate it!
Angle it!
Enhance the sense of rhythm.
In the construction process, we found that merbau is more suitable than lauan in making the wooden walkway.
Lighting Strategies
Internship
5
PERSPECTIVE
Original Structure
CONSTRUCTION
Twist it! Space is constructed by building.
Find more possibilities.
11/13/2016
Intersect it!
Flatten it! Terrace/Steps
To extend more space.
To adapt to more roads.
07
[Wuhan, China/ 2014] Studied in Wuhan for undergraduate Tunnel in China University of Geosciences/ Wuhan East Lake Wetland Park
OTHER WORKS Photographs / Drawings/ Records
[Shanghai, China/ 2015] Floriculture Practice in Shanghai for one week Jingan Park
[Beijing, China/ 2015] LA Comprehensive Practice in Beijing for one month THE MODERN ART PARK in Beijing CBD Area / Beijing Garden Expo
Other Works
This part includes my sketch and photographs during undergraduate. I also want to show you my travel experiences within or without academic because they are the things that bring me here.
[Morocco/ 2016] Travelled in Morocco for one week The Sahara Desert/ Fes