YAO MA | PORTFOLIO Master Candidate of Landscape Architecture THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, STATE COLLEGE,PA
E-MAIL: yxm79@psu.edu TEL: 814-777-0914
Landscape architecture, should speak for its time and space, but yearn for timeless.
Residential Design
Sustainable Urban Density
03. Spring Creek Wetland Park GIS based Outdoor Recreation Park
04. Zhong Yuan University Recreation Center
Parametric Design 05. Platform Automatic Generation of Platforms Based on Terrain
Workshop + Internship + Others 06. "MRVT" -- A New Life Watershed Conservation and Sustainable Rural Development
07. Photographs/ Drawings/ Records Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Morocco
CONTENT
02. The Flow
CONTENT CONTENT CONTENT CON
01. Engaging
CONTENT
Academic
01
ENGAGING Location: State College, PA Type: Residential Landscape Deisgn Term: Spring 2019 Instructor: Ken Tamminga
Academic
Located in a Ridge &Valley Region, college town got a vast development over the past hundred years. The differences in demographic components result in communities here that are different from those in other ordinary cities. Through our investigation on several existing communities in this region, the problem that community public space as immediate surroundings which should reflect community identities has not been solved well. Working at a human scale place-making, the design responds to the local landscape texture and infiltrates residents’ life cycles. The design forms cohesive spatial volumes which vitalize the community and improve human’s well-being. The central green space is adjacent to the convivial street with retails. Surrounded by sports field and housing units, it is a site with large opportunities. With the Community Center sitting at the South, people could experience a spatial succession by grabbing a cup of coffee from street and entering the Ginkgo Plaza, taking an ADA accessible ramp up to rooftop level, looking at the Woodland Garden, walking through Green Roof and getting down to the Community Center. Serving as a community gathering space, the site welcomes residents to interact both with nature and their neighbors. The Ginkgo Plaza is an extension of the plaza sequence at the street. By taking the notion of the “learning landscape”, Community Garden and Woodland Garden provide the opportunity for residents to explore and cultivate nature. Large windows of Community Center enhance visual line leaking and dissolve the edge of architecture and landscape. Materials are chosen locally to orchestrate vision with context. The design encourages people to interact with each other and make their life entrustment into the community.
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Academic
Academic
Academic
Program Diagrams Architecture Programs
02
Open Space Character
Courtyard Character
Location: Cleveland, Ohio Type: Collaborative Studio with Arch. + Individual Landscape Deisgn Term: Fall 2018 Instructors: Dan Marriott, Dan Willis.
= Green Flow
+ Stormwater Management
Academic
The Master Plan was developed by an interdisciplinary group of 6 to fulfill the building footprints and architecture programs arrangement. Taking the existing Salvation Army building into consideration, the master plan also include adding new residence, public spaces, and other facilities. For individual landscape design phase, the focusing point is to combine the “green“ with high density buidings to give a chance of sustainable development especially in a typical “rust belt city“ as Cleveland. Water has a strong force of disruption if it is not managed in a right way. However, with a high concern of stormwater, this design is to make a good use of on site stormwater and let it meander through the site as a supply to water features and other facilities. This layered green infrastructure system is a combination of water flow and green flow to maximize the quantity and augment the quality of urban landscape.
System Diagram
A layered and continuous system, An Integrated
Sunken Garden
GROUND FIELD
Perspective Diagram
“Green Infrastructure”
Academic
that is: Quantitatively Maximized Qualitatively Augmented
ELEVATED
UNDER GROUND
Design Diagram
Master Plan
Stormwater Design
Densifying of Programs along Water Flow
Extention the Surrounding Axis to Expand Viewshed
Sequence of Stripes forming Landscape & Complimenting Architecture
Academic
Aerial View
Snow Scene
Academic
1.
2. 4.
Legend 1. Retail 2. Container Bar 3. Tree Plaza
3.
4. Performance Space
Project Proposal
Site to Visit WATE R
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6WUHDP %XႇHU
EN
Spring Creek Wetland Park
EM
Islands
T
Location: Bellefonte, PA. Type: Individual Work, Landscape Architectural Planning & Design Term: Fall 2017 Instructors: Wu Hong, Stephen Mainzer, Frans Padt
Design Intent:
The project is designed based on the analysis of social & biological factors. The proposal includes:
Undertake the function of retaining floodwater Establish a complete park system Provide an outdoor recreation place Public education of aquatic plants biomes
Streams
SPRING CREEK
Trees
Stormwater Management
R C
TIO EA
N Detaining & Retaining
WETLAND PARK
Ponds
ACTIVITIES EDUCATION Vegetation & Aquatic Plants BBQ & Picnic nic Jogging & Cycling
Precedent construction is an essential way to study. Millbrook Marsh is the closest place to campus. It provide people with unique marsh ecosystem, walking trails, wildlife viewing areas and beautiful views. Shelters provided for wildlife is the “bridge” for wildlife migration. Marsh is covered by large quantities of cattails. In the preservation part, sensitive areas has been constructed in the core area to preserve sensitive plants. As is shown in the photo, river bank is well protected by rocks and black willows to avoid soil from erosion.
Map Captured from Google. 2017
Academic
Wetlands are land areas which contain seasonal or permanent water, and are home of many plants and animals. Wetland park serves people with a certain cultural or aesthetic value for them to carry out scientific research and eco-tourisms. Spring Creek Watershed has abundant water resources and owns numerous rivers and streams. Those natural conditions make it suitable for constructing a wetland park. Several counties locate in Spring Creek Watershed and contain large populations. The Wetland Park for Spring Creek Watershed involves ecological reconstruction with the view of long term sustainable development. The aim is to ensure that the stream is preserved, protected and promoted as a natural element as well as reinforcing its importance as an active public area of recreation. Cycling and jogging can also take place in the park thus fitness trails are recommended to be built. Wetland Park offers people the opportunity to get close to nature and to learn about aquatic plants. It can be part of a regional stormwater management which assumes function of detaining and retaining water.
Aquatic Plants
RE
03
MA
Millbrook Marsh
Suitability Analysis Final Suitability Map
Interim Map
LAND D USE
MAJOR OR ROAD BUFFER
TARGEET PEOPLE
PARK SYSTEM S
SO OIL TYPE OIL !
Bellefonte !
Bellefonte
!
Pleasant Gap !
Pleasant Gap
!
State College !
More Suitable
State College
More Suitable
More Suitable able
5RDG %XႇHU
!
Pine Grove Mills
¯
1
1
Major Cities 0
1.5
3
6 Miles
2
2
Less Suitable The landuse within the Spring Creek Watershed is complex. Some are developed lands and others are for commercial uses which is not suitable for a park. The most suitable one is the vacant and public lands.
SLO OPE OPE
PO OPULATION
1.5
3
1
1
6 Miles
2 3
2
Less Suitable
3
Less Suitable
AREA OF INTEREST
Less Suitable
7KHUH DUH WKUHH GL൵HUHQW NLQGV RI VRLO W\SH ZLWK LQ WKH watershed. Most of the wetland parks are built on the alluvium soil because it is has formed from erosion through movement in water.
Several parks are already existing in the watershed but their serving places can not cover the whole area within Spring Creek Watershed. The designing wetlandpark can be a part of the park system thus the serving area VKRXOG QRW RYHUODS 7KHUH DUH WZR EX൵HUV LQ WKH ULJKW PDS 7KH ¿UVW EX൵HU level is 0.5 mile and the second on is 1 mile. The suitable location should be IDU DZD\ IURP WKHVH EX൵HUV $Q LQWHJULW\ SDUN V\VWHP ZLOO IRUP D FRUULGRU for wildlife to pass across. Also, park system can lead winds into the city.
Major Cities Wetland park can take a function of education and informing WKRVH ZKR FDPH WR WKLV SODFH DERXW SODQWV LGHQWL¿FDWLRQ E\ SURCanyon Parcel viding a variety of visible plant types or communities. Signage or exhibits with brief text and clear graphic will be helpful. Since Less Suitable= 24 the people with bachelor degrees or above can have more access to know about plants, people under bachelor degree can be the target people. The most suitable places are holding more than 4000 people of target. Park should be built near their living spaces.
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Wetland park is not suitable to be located in the area ZKLFK LV FORVH WR WKH PDMRU KLJK ZD\ 7KXV D EX൵HU of 2000 feet was formed. These lands should be removed from design space.
¯
!
Pine Grove Mills
0
3
3
More Suitable uitable
Canyon yon Parcel
!
Boalsburg
!
Boalsburg
More Suitable=8
!
Bellefonte
[Analytical Matrices] !
Pleasant Gap
ELEMENTS SUITABILITY !
LANDUSE
ROAD
SLOPE
POP DENSITY
< 5%
>25 PERSON/ ACRE
SOIL
PARK SYSTEM
TARGET PEOPLE
VALUE
State College !
Boalsburg
More Suitable 1 !
Pine Grove Mills
2
¯
0
More Suitable 1.5
3
6 Miles
3
Less Suitable Slope is an important element for water because it FDQ FRQWURO WKH Ã&#x20AC;RZV GLUHFWLRQ :HWODQG SDUN VKRXOG be built at a low elevation with a soft slope. Thus it can detaining water when there is a heavy stormwater comming from the upper streams.
Pop Density 1
1
VACANT
2
PARKS/ RECREATION
3
AGRICULTURAL
BUFFER> 2000 ft.
ALLUVIUM
> 1 MILE
> 4000 PEOPLE
< 0.5 MILE
<1000 PEOPLE
2 3
Less Suitable Where the population distributes is a big issue to analyze in the design process. When the wet land park is close to communities, it is easy to access.
< 15%
BUFFER< 2000 ft.
> 15%
RESIDUUM
<5 PERSON/ ACRE
COLLUVIUM
By taking all social and biophysical elements into consideration, D ¿QDO VXLWDELOLW\ PDS ZDV PDGH RQ WKH ULJKW 7KH OLJKWHVW SDUW FRXQWV D sum value of 8 which means it is the most suitable place for a wetland park. Area of interest is a vacant area which lies in the canyon parcels and LV TXLWH QH[W WR D ODUJH DJULFXOWXUDO ODQG 7KHUH DUH WZR ¿VK KDWFKHULHV DQG a Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission. River bank is meandering with lawns and a small scale of forest. The elevation is low to ensure the abundant of water and to keep the relative higher air humidity for aquatic plants. Stream in this location can provide plenty of water and in spring WKHUH VRPHWLPHV VWRUPZDWHU ZLOO WXUQ LQWR Ã&#x20AC;RRG 7UDQVSRUWDWLRQ LV FRQYHnient so that location of wetland is easy to reach. Sitting closer to major cities or counties makes this place to be better. Thus, this is the most suitable locations for a future wetland park.
Site Analysis Existing Roads
Problems & Challenges
Shi loh Rd
Existing Water Source Flooding Hazard
Sp ring Cre ek
Data Source: Google Flood
Spring Creek Watershed will receive its peak flow in spring and winter annually which may lead to flooding.
Narrow Trails There is only one trail near the designing site. It is hard for people to take any activity.
Design Concept
Data Source: Google Chemical Pollution
Water Pollution Some residents areas are surrounding this stream. Also, this site locates in between two fish hatcheries. Chemicals used for disease treatment can lead pollution.
400 ft Data Source: 2017 Google Map
0
Slopes
Transform orm the topography g p y
LEGEND Steep Slope
ÂŻ 0
0.05
0.1
0.2
0.3 9S I9 I99N
0.4 Miles
Copyright:Š 2013 NationalSpring Geographic Society, i-cubed Creek Canyon
Data Source: 2013 National Geographic Society
Desirable Constructing Place
Resulting topography
Layers of vegetation
B. T. P UNIT
7
River Bank+ Trail+ Pond
Season of Shallow Water
Retaining Floodwater
ZOOM IN Section A -- A
6 A Normal Precipitation
Spring Creek Wetland Park Masterplan
B Enrtrance
2
Parking Lot
3
Visitor Center
4
Fluctuant Trails
5
B. T. P Unit
6
Reception Ponds Fishing Deck Spring Creek
7 8
5
B 0
20’ ft.
Academic
1
A
Section B -- B
N
125’
250’
500’ ft.
4 3 0
20’ ft.
0
50’ ft.
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
,QWHJUDWLRQ DFFHVV WR GLৼHUHQW WUDLOV
15
2
1
7KHUH DUH WZR ¿VK KDWFKHULHV FORVH WR WKLV site. One is upstream, another one is down VWUHDP DW WKH ¿VKHUPDQ SDUDGLVH %RWK RI them are related to this commission. Originally constructed in 1933-34, the Bellefonte State Fish Hatchery is situated on 100 developed acres (195 total acres) of land owned by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and managed by the Fish and Boat Commission.
The Pennsylvania State University locates at the biggest city in canyon parcels--State College. Vegetation survey should be conducted before the construction of wetland park. Also, the acquatic plants for education should be selected by botanists.
The follow-up maintainance can be conducted by Centre Region Parks and Recreation, which is a mission of the Centre Region Parks and Recreation Authority to serve Centre Region residents of all ages throughout the year with a variety of recreation opportunities for enriching their lives through the use of programs and facilities, leadership resources and technical assistance services for participating municipalities, individuals and groups.
SITE ANALYSIS OLD COMMUNITIES VISITORS
04
ZHONG YUAN Location: Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei Province,P.R.China Type: Individual Work, Landscape Architectural Planning & Design Term: Spring, 2015 Instructor: Zhang Li
Project Users Traditional communities x University students/ Graduates x Young scientists x Patients Community culture inheritance/ Pubic activity/ Neighborhoods Recreational facilities/ Group living arrangements/ Communication Social life/ Efficient routes Health resort zone/ Convalescent/ Contact with nature RESEARCHERS
Academic
This site locates in a place where I passed numerous times during my undergraduate. The peripheral people flow is complex and large. There are two roads surrounding the site and one of which is the main road of the campus. Project is aiming at improving the landscape of the site and manage a tea house to serve vsitors in the site. There is a challenge to deal with sunken site and the elevation difference between the site and the landform because this site is lower than the surrounding terrain.
(8'/4 9:583
狥
MADRID RIO [precedent 狤]
P 狣
Tree Array
[precedent 狣]
setting communication
狤
Horticultural Therapy
S
A
E C
The Avenida is one of the most important roads into the centre of Madrid and is characterized by its impressive environs. By relocating the road in a tunnel and providing underground parking for 1.000 vehicles, it was possible to convert the space into a garden, benefitting the local residents in particular.
9).+3+ -+4+8':/54
Existing Entrance
Tendency Route
Flow Density
Best View Site
Static/ Dynamic Space
[Plan Formation]
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1
9+):/54'2 9/:+ '4'2?9/9
Primary School
Traffic Way
Site
International Exchang Center Traffic Way
Residential Area
9/:+ 6.5:5
2
3
4
5
6+896+):/<+
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3 4
2
1
Legend 1. Entrance 2. Tree Array 3. Tea House 4. Elevation Viewing Platform
SITE PLAN
SECTION A-A
LAYER [Tree Retention] 8.
Koelreuteria paniculata
1.
Cedrus deodara
0 20m
5 Ginkgo biloba
12.
1.
10. 6.
3 1
11.
4
2
[Infrastructures&Elements]
5
1 Steps of Trees
A
2 Leisure Lawn
A
3 "U" Pool
4.
4 Viewing Platform 7
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5 Bench
5.
6 Meditation Forest 8
6
7 Mirror Surface 8 Tree Array
7.
[Landforms]
4 3 1
Legend 1.
Entrances Tree Array Entrance Plaza Tea House Flower Border Timber Deck Tufty Bamboos Themed Wall Pergola 10. Elevation Viewing Platform 11. Steps of Hall Crabapple 12. Terrace Cafe
2
1. +2.000
5 6
PLANTATION STRATEGIS [Flower Border]
2. +0.000 7
3. -0.200
3.
9.
6. +0.900
0
5
20m
4 11
1.
7
5
17
4
3
6
5. +0.800 7. +1.200
2.
2
1
4. +1.600
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
2
12
13 14 18
8
15
19
10 16
9
14. Miscanthus sinensis
2. Camellia japonica
15. Digitalis purpurea
3. Acer palmatum 4. Salvia japonica
16. Heuchera micrantha 17. Farfugium japonicum
5. Hibiscus syriacus 6. Canna indica
18 Aquilegia viridif 19. Chrysanthemum paludosum
7. Hydrangea macrophylla
20. Centaurea cineraia 21. Platycladus orientalis
8. Lavendula pinnata
20 N
0 0.5
1. Loropetalum chinense
2m
21
9. Delphinium grandifl 10. Salix integra 11. Carex oshimensis 12. Campanula medium 13. Elaeagnus pungens
Precedent
05
PLATFORM Type: Individual Work, Parametric Design Term: Spring, 2018 Instructor: Eduardo Castro e Costa
Photos credit to Steinar Skaar, Jiri Havran The pictures above show a project which is facing a great mountain along Geiranger. Ă&#x2DC;rnevegen is the name of the eleven hairpin bends that ascend the steep, verdant hillside from Geiranger towards Eidsdal. At the top lies the Ă&#x2DC;rnesvingen viewing point, with its own waterfall. From here the view opens towards Geiranger, across the GeirangHUIMRUG ZLWK LWV QHDU SHUSHQGLFXODU PRXQWDLQVLGHV WKH Âł6HYHQ 6LVWHUV´ ZDWHUIDOOV DQG WKH .QLYVĂ&#x20AC;n PRXQWDLQ KDPOHW Artist: May Elin Eikaas-Bjerk. 2015
Design Concept
Parametric Design
In landscape, Viewing Platform is serving as a travel terminus or a stop node. This project is managed to create a viewing platform program which can be applied into real scenarios. The platform is formed by several cubes to provide a flat surface. Coding to get those cubes touch is the second step. The last step is to generate pillars to accomodate to the terrain.
Generation Process
let user select several random points
get cubes
let them touch
Parametric Design
create rectangles through vectors
PROBLEMS & CHALLENGES
CONTEXT
Yangchuan River
06
[Rivers]
Luoshui River
"MRVT"_A NEW LIFE Luoan River Watershed Ecological Region Building Project Suiyang County, Zunyi, Guizhou Province,P.R.China Type:Internship Collaborator: Tang Kun, Zhang Yulin, Zhao Jianzhao Date: June, 2016
[Zunsui Highway]
[Flood Hazard]
[Residential Water Problem]
[Scattered Village]
[Lack of Open Space]
The construction of villages is not conducive to the development of traffic
There is no available open space for festival or other activities.
June and july are the flood seasons in each year. As river twists and turns, it is highly possible to do harm to residents.
[Crab Farming]
Residents rely mainly on well T h e a q u a c u l t u r e water and tap water. However, environment will have an the abuse of groundwater is impact on water quality. likely to cause water pollution and geological instability.
[Site Sketch] Yufeng Mountain
Internship
"MRVT"stands for mountain/river/ village/terrace. Through out my whole working experience in Niuxin village, these are four factors that impressed me a lot. We are seeking for bringing this village a new life and enhancing the income of residents by accelerating the development of tourism.
Huangyu River
Zunsui Highway
Terrace Niuxin Village
To Zunyi
To Suiyang
SITE TEXTURE
PROPOSAL & STRATEGIES
Yufeng Mountain
[River Bank] [A] Multiple Layers Circulation
natural forest buffer circulation submerged zone
[C] Leisure Waterfront
buffer and ramp upper circulation leisure waterfront
Internship
Settlements
upper circulation stabilization zone submerged zone
[B] Forest Buffer Recovery
Desirable Destination Unaccessible
[Village Water Ecology]
Actions
Consequence
Partially Accessible
ROAD SYSTEM STRATEGIES [Primary Road Network]
Aquatic Organisms [Secondary Road Network]
Battery Car Stands Transfer Points
Build a more stable and reliable aquatic environment.
[Tertiary Road Network] Wetland Terrace
Motorway Battery Drive
Anti-seepage Barrier
Bicycle Path Cycle Stands
Walking Road
Build Islands
Runoff Water
COD + NH4 NH3
SKYWALK_CONCEPT
SKYWAY PLAN
[Break Texture]
People use terraced fields to prevent soil erosion.
10/16/2016
0
20m
Elongate it!
Angle it!
Enhance the sense of rhythm.
In the construction process, we found that merbau is more suitable than lauan in making the wooden walkway.
Lighting Strategies
Internship
5
PERSPECTIVE
Original Structure
CONSTRUCTION
Twist it! Space is constructed by building.
Find more possibilities.
11/13/2016
Intersect In t it!
Flatten it! Terrace/Steps
To extend more space.
To adapt to more roads.
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[Wuhan, China/ 2014] Studied in Wuhan for undergraduate Tunnel in China University of Geosciences/ Wuhan East Lake Wetland Park
OTHER WORKS Photographs / Drawings/ Records
[Shanghai, China/ 2015] Floriculture Practice in Shanghai for one week Jingan Park
[Beijing, China/ 2015] LA Comprehensive Practice in Beijing for one month THE MODERN ART PARK in Beijing CBD Area / Beijing Garden Expo
Other Works
This part includes my sketch and photographs during undergraduate. I also want to show you my travel experiences within or without academic because they are the things that bring me here.
[Morocco/ 2016] Travelled in Morocco for one week The Sahara Desert/ Fes
6. Design Tactics
18
â&#x20AC;&#x153;There is a close link between conceptual and spatial control, meaning that the higher the intellectual control upon the message to be communicated, the more strongly structured the organization of space.â&#x20AC;? Tzortzi, K. 2015
19
Facts of the Gabrielino-Tongva past were excavated by effort. We as designers should sew up the pieces to tell the story.
1. Space & Object Organized order, sequences, and spatial syntax in the museum will be studied specifically in the tactics. Kali Tzortzi described the theoretical synthesis of space making in the museum as 2 pairs in the book Museum Space: Where Architecture Meets Museology. The first pair of tactics is discussing the relationship between space and exhibition objects. Some curation methods introduced in the book can be executed thoroughly from space creation to curation making in the landscape. I. Exploiting space to enhance the impact of objects
II. Exploiting objects to create space
The structure of the museum space is closely linked with the conceptual structure of the display. Small cul-de-sac space shields the outside visual to strengthen the sense of seclusion. Exploiting space to enhance the impact of objects is exploiting the qualities of setting to maximize the impact of objects. Constraints imposed on the spatial design to guide the circulation system with specific points of aim. Restricted accessibility, ample or distant visibility are the way to play with the spatial design. Landscape shares the same approach with the museum to stress the importance of the object at the end of the moving observer’s line by exploiting the space. Another practice is to expand the information content of what is presented by increasing the degree of unexpectedness (from narrow to broad, from shielded to unfolding, etc.).
Objects are set out to emphasize and bring out the qualities of space. Meanings of curation could be perceived through different object arrangement approaches. Objects have the power to reorder space. The layout of objects drives the spatial sense.
The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art (1958) The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, Denmark, is featured by its ring layout of exploration and randomized spatial varieties. The sequence changes of level and shifts of direction maximize the unpredictability of experience (Hillier, 2003a).
Castelvecchio Museum (1925) In the sculpture galleries of Castelvecchio Museum, Italy, statues are placed in the asymmetric arrangement. These statues are off-axis and stepping into the visitors’ sights, creating a spatial continuity. Curation objects are not intended to be experienced independently. They are contextual.
An interesting spatial mannerism is the painting gallery of the Castelvecchio Museum. Three paintings mounted on easels located in the space of the gallery. Visitors have the chance to “look around as they look ahead”. This aggregate visual experience maximizes the interaction of the observer with the framed paintings. The constantly refocusing process suggested an enhanced sense of discovery during visiting. São Paulo‘s Museum of Art (1947) In the São Paulo‘s Museum of Art, Brazil, a similar practice is the staple design glass wall hanging in the main gallery. As the two-dimensional elements pop up to the spatial sense, landscape inherited the “museum spirit” has a lot to explore.
20
* Retrieved from: http://fromonebackyardtoanother.com/Louisiana-Museum-Jorgen-Bo-and-Vilhelm-Wohlert. Januray 2020.
21
Clearing (2003) Also in The Louisiana Museum of Modern Art, the placement of Thomas Demand’s photographic work Clearing in juxtaposition to the outside view of the window is a way that could be interpreted in landscape to relate objects with their natural settings. This is an extension of the nature outside the building and obscuring the two realms. At the same time, some visitors also call this photo “fake nature”.
22
23
The second pair of tactics is exploring the relationship between space and meaning.
“The higher rate of originality, the more pronounced the need for a space that regulates exploration and guide reading.”
I. Conveying pre-given meaning
II. Create Meaning
Axis traverses the museum building conveying the message of information stability. The visibility structure is reducing the unexpectedness and decreasing the impact of visual impressions (Tzortzi, 2015). This objects layout guides exploration in both museum and landscape. Geometrical order and symmetries of shape contribute to Conveying pre-given meaning. The spatial sequences on the main axis line are conducive to emotional preparation. As we discussed before, the chronological orders in FDR Memorial 4 rooms are helpful in convey the message to visitors before they enter the next room.
Create meaning is to generate something new, new relations, new ideas, new layout of space. Unexpected juxtapositions and assigning new meanings to well-known works create dialogues between two exhibits for visitors to observe.
2. Convey & Create Meaning
Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms State Park (2012) Franklin D. Roosevelt Four Freedoms State Park in New York City is in the shape of a narrow triangle. The axis gradually ends up with the sculpture of the FDR head marking the summit of the visiting. The information is well structured and organized neatly in the layout.
24
Another point of creating meaning is that the design is characterized by low redundancy and high originality (Tzortzi. 2015). In another word, a highly customized space. The layout of space in the museum is usually developed based on the chronological order or theoretical arrangement. Chronological order is easy to follow in the museum space. While theoretical arrangement requires the placement of the design/curation reflects the development of a particular argument to convey the specific view. The originality of museum space design enhances the generating of intellectual participated experience during the visit. The spatial design is derived from rhetorical devices such as metaphor to make connections to the design intents and link up the fragmented programs in landscape. The meaning created enhances the generating of intellectual participated experience during the visit. Jewish Museum of Berlin. Daniel Libeskind. (2001) The Jewish Museum Berlin designed by Daniel Libeskind is designed for the lost. The design was based on three insights: “it is impossible to understand the history of Berlin without understanding the enormous contributions made by its Jewish citizens; the meaning of the Holocaust must be integrated into the consciousness and memory of the city of Berlin; and, finally, for its future, the City of Berlin and the country of Germany must acknowledge the erasure of Jewish life in its history”. The bare concrete voids in the center of the building create a space to embody the absence. The visitors’ footsteps reverberation in the space is the answer to remembering.
* Retrieved from: https://ny.curbed.com/2019/6/13/18677673/nyc-roosevelt-island-largest-pride-flag-transform-four-freedoms-park. Januray 2020.
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Jewish Museum of Berlin. Daniel Libeskind. (2001) The prominent Jewish residence areas in Berlin are mapping out on the museum facade. The geometry of the splinter of windows on the exterior facade let lights to get inside the building illume the pathway. Using this metaphor, the background story of Jewish in Berlin jumps out to visitors’ awareness and becomes visible.
Memorial at Valongo Wharf. Sara Zewde. (2014) Zewde proposed a design for the newly discovered archaeological site in Valongo Wharf, Rio. The site was the original arriving point for nearly a quarter of all slaves to arrive Americas over a 400-year period. To commemorate the historical site of collective slavery memories, Zewde enhanced the archaeological site itself by site-specific illuminations and ethnobotanical vegetations from Africa (Scruggs, 2015). Road in the design represents the routes of the slave trading. A curved platform provides a gathering space and inherits the Afro-Brazilian practice of wrapping a white cloth around a Ficus Tree root to mark the ancestors’ gathering place (Reut, 2018). She intended to incorporate cultural practices into spatial ones by interpreting two hallmarks of Brazilian culture with strong African influences—Samba and Capoeira. In her design, Zewde manipulated patterns and shapes modeled after these gatherings.
Long Beach Art Museum. Peter Eisenman. (1986) Long Beach Art Museum. Peter Eisenman. 1986. The design intends to give the history to the building. History is compiled in the layers of maps. The story traced back to the settlement of California in 1849, the creation of the California State University Long Beach campus in 1949, and imaged the projected “rediscovery” of the museum in the year 2049. The building takes its form from the overlapping registration of several maps. It relates past and present conditions in a way that “alludes to past, present, and possible future conditions”.
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27
COMMEMORATE THE FIRST ANGELINOS
Master Plan The site is 8.76 acres. In the master plan, the museum pedagogy is applied to landscape through landscape programs combined with permanent curations. There are 2 buildings proposed on-site. One reception building and one museum office. Although the San Gabriel Mission has its own parking space with a capacity of 180, the design provides a general parking space adjacent to the museum office building.
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60’
120’
180’
240’
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The Past: Resistance through Existance
Geo-Mounds Geo-Mounds
Outdoor Cafe Zone
“Under The Concrete” A’
2’ Rock Art Trail
A
Reception Building
Story Corridor Geo-Mounds
Entrance Plaza
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Resistance through Existance The exhibition carried out in this part is Resistance through Existence, which is focusing on the struggling past and heritage of Gabrielino-Tongva people. We have a large green space surrounded by mounts. The central star-like shape is where the difficult knowledge will be presented in the exhibition. The long corridor connected to it is our exhibition corridor to tell the story of the Gabrielino-Tongva.
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The Past: Resistance through Existance
Myth from The Past • Tongva Creation, Quaoar is described to be the God of the Gabrielino-Tongva. God does not have gender. It is the power which brings the world to existence through song and dance. The name means “Creator” and is pronounced similar to Quah-o-arr. God creates the sky, the earth, the sun, the moon, and the rest of the world. • The mission is a self-sufficient system that requires the Gabrielino-Tongva people to work. There are four large cisterns in the San Gabriel Mission garden which used to be the soap and tallow vats. The difficult history of many Tongva people in the Mission Era had long been actively resisting the imposed Spanish rule and attempts at acculturation.
Human patterns derived from The God
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First Tongva God Sculpture Hans Peter Trauschke
Quaoar
Figure Abstraction
Space Creation
“Under The Concrete”
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The Past: Exhibitions & Programs In The Landscape
A
A’
Entrance Plaza
0’
64
25’
50’
Reception Building
75’
Outdoor Cafe Zone
Geo-Mounds 2’ Rock Art Trail
“Under The Concrete”
Story Corridor
100’
Story Corridor
“Under The Concrete”
Trails on The Mound
It is a stream of information about the life of the Gabrielino-Tongva in old ages. Starting from a walkway shaped by a straight line, the exhibition is placed on both sides. A glass walkway enables us to see the indigenous life through pieces of pestle, stone mortar, ornamental beads, steatite vessels, and canoe planks. The Gabrielino-Tongva gather acorns in October as a food resource. Coast live oaks are planted as shade trees on both sides of the sunken exhibition area.
As part of the exhibition, modern artworks that reflecting the resisting in the mission are placed in this constrained space. Shielding the view from outside, this is an immersive tour.
The historic trading routes are mapping out on the large Los Angeles region. By interpreting the historic pattern of the Gabrielino-Tongva, rock art trails provide the opportunity to flashback to the past.
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Immersive Experiencing Moments Tactics Implementation--Space & Object • Exploiting Space to Enhance The Impact of Objects Constraints are imposed in the Sloping concrete wall to block the view from the outside. Accessibility to the inside exhibition is restricted. The more you walk inside, the more constraining space will be. The feeling of empathy will appear when visitors are viewing the hidden history under the concrete.
“Under the Concrete”
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Immersive Experiencing Moments Tactics Implementation--Convey & Create Meaning â&#x20AC;˘ Conveying Pre-given Meaning
â&#x20AC;˘ Creating Meaning
The story corridor is a sequence of space that is conducive to emotional preparation before they enter the constrained space. The exhibition includes a failed revolution led by a Gabrielino-Tongva medicine woman-- Toypurina. Handcrafts excavation are displayed under the glass.
Layers of History Embedded To create meaning, the shapes of the central constrained space is derived from both the art design of the Tongva God and the lines of human patterns of Gabrielino-Tongva in large geography. Rock art trials are mimicking the historic trading routes to achieve a metaphoric meaning.
Constrained space Handcrafts Excavation Toypurina Revolution
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Walking into the Story Corridor
The retaining walls on both sides are finished with corten steel to create rust, aged ambiance. Painting of the womanâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;Toypurina is exhibited on the walls. You also have the chance to take a glance at the exhibition from the dune top. 70
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The Present: The Blessing
B
Exhibition Space
Amphitheatre Museum Office & Gabrielino-Tongva Cultural Center
Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;
Garden Space
Parking Space
The Blessing The exhibition carried out in this part is The Blessing, which is focusing on the modern life of Gabrielino-Tongva people. Parking space is utilizing the existing parking lot and serve the whole site.
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The Present: Exhibitions & Programs In The Landscape
B’
B
Garden Space
0’
76
25’
50’
Museum Office & Gabrielino-Tongva Cultural Center
75’
Amphitheatre
Exhibition Space
Parking Space
100’
Exhibition Space
“We Need The Stage”
Photographs of contemporary GabrielinoTongva lives are presented in the exhibition space. Modern art creations and murals are shown in this specific space.
To send out the message of the modern Gabrielino-Tongva descendant’s personal story, they need a stage. The gathering space is placed in the amphitheatre in the landscape and building on site. Night films, speeches, ordinary outdoor performances will be held at the amphitheatre. Handcraft Workshops are in the Gabrielino-Tongva Cultural Center to let the public get involoved in the traditional soapstone carving, clapper sticks, dream pillows, beading and basket making. * Jolia Bogany (left) and artist Iris Yirui Hu standing by the Survival Guide art piece.
* A group from the “Native Youth to College” program builds woven baskets.
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The Future: Indigenous Futurisms Mission High School
Mission Museum
San Gabriel Mission Church
C’
Linguistic Plaza (2F) Indeginous Futurism (1F) C
Outdoor Classroom
“Towards the Islands”
Historic Millrace Water Feature Meadow Terrace
Indigenous Futurisms The exhibition assigned to Plaza Park is indigenous futurism. We have the chance to see the future from the Gabrielino-Tongva perspective. This part is accessible from the San Gabriel Mission church and its museum. To restrict the circulation, I used a water feature on the ground to narrow the exploration down to one route.
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The Future: Exhibitions & Programs In The Landscape
C
C’
Historic Millrace
0’
84
25’
50’
Meadow Terrace (2F) Linguistic Plaza (2F)
Outdoor Classroom (2F)
“Towards The Islands”
Water Feature
Indeginous Futurism (1F)
75’
100’
Indigenous Futurism Exhibition
Linguistic Plaza
“Towards The Islands”
A water curtain along the spiral staircase is encouraging people to walk into the exhibition. The noise from adjacent traffic is replaced by the waterfall. A continuous on-site water circulation system limits the route for free exploration. Indigenous Futurism Exhibits are placed on the columns mirror surfaces which can only be observed and compared from distance.
Outdoor classrooms are serving as gathering space to conduct the native language revitalization onsite. The Gabrielino-Tongva are clever in using plants in medicinal ways. White sage can be brewed in a tea for colds and decongestion and a gargle for sore throats (Emily Young, 2003). The rooftop meadow is interpreting the ethnobotany of Gabrielino-Tongva medicinal plants for education purposes.
This panel is part of the “human pattern” line extended across the whole site. It is pointing at the San Nicolas Island, which used to be occupied by the Gabrielino-Tongva in history.
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Indigenous Futurism
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You can walk inside to feel cosmology and science as part of their vision of the future. Water curtain with the spiral staircase is an eye attraction to encourage people to walk inside the exhibition. The historical millrace on the right corner of the perspective used to carry water from nearby streams to the mission in old ages. 89
Bird Eye View of Linguistic Plaza & San Gabriel Mission
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The date palm trees and Australia willows are preserved by creating space for their canopies. Here, the Outdoor classrooms are shaped out by the curvilinear benches. John Macias, a history professor from Cerritos College, who also works closely with San Gabriel Mission. He now can have the space to hold his class. 91