Design for Small Bodies of Water

DESIGN FOR SMALL BODIES OF WATER

Pathways for Experiencing Missouri Flat Creek

Paul H. Yoon

DESIGN FOR SMALL BODIES OF WATER Pathways for Experiencing Missouri Flat Creek PAUL H. YOON

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE GRADUATE THESIS 2011

I would like to thank all those who have supported me through this journey from the bottom of my heart, especially my parents and family. Thanks to my wife for being with me and inspring me whenever I lost focus. Thanks to my daughter, Elizabeth, for giving me the happiest moment in my life. Thank you

Copyright Š 2011 by Paul Hosik Yoon Washington State University School of Architecture and Construction Management

committee members Paul Hirzel Graduate School Coordinator, Chair

Ayad Rahmani Associate Professor, Faculty Committee Member

Taiji Miyasaka Associate Professor, Faculty Committee Member

i

POSSIBLITIES OF SMALL BODIES OF WATER

ABS

My thesis is about developing small bodies of water that still remain a neglected and abandoned site. In a big city, the waterfront has become a great place for people to hang out. Waterfronts are always filled with varios activities such as performances, water activities, and dining; and people who visit enjoy the place every single time.

Going back to the past, waterfronts were dominated by factories, and it was not a precious place like today. Factories used water to operated machines and discharged used water containing lots of pollutants. As a result,

ii

STRACT waterfronts became dead spaces and caused serious human diseases. Since then, humans have realized the importance of water and tried to restore their waterfront carefully.

So far, it has been successful. People are starting to visit waterfronts again and enjoy their free time. However, these developments are mostly focused on big bodies of water. In other words, small bodies of water are still hardly developed and remain abandoned areas. Misouri Flat Creek is a good example. It is such a small creek flowing

in the middle of Pullman. However, it is not recognigible because of the surroundings. Some parts of Missouri Flat Creek are covered by concrete used for roads, a car wash facility, and buildings, blocking the views to the creek.

Many other small bodies of water have the same issue as Missouri Flat Creek. Therefore, I will look for a way of developing small bodies of water through developing Missouri Flat Creek.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

01 INTRODUCTION

001

02 SITE ANALYSIS

007

STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS 003

03 THEORETICAL APPLICATION 04 DESIGN APPROACH

023

CONCEPTUAL IDEA PROGRAM

029 031 044

05 DESIGN SOLUTION

053

NORTH ENTRANCE: ACCESS + FILTRATION(URBAN) PATH: SOUND + SPEED PATH: REFLECTION PATH: FILTRATION(STREAM) PATH: STEPPING ISLAND PATH: WATER POOL SOUTH ENTRANCE: ACCESS + PARK

056 064 069 074 079 085 089

06 CONCLUSION

095

01

INTRO

ODUCTION

3

Problems STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS Water and The Development of Civilizations A big part of nature on the earth, one and the first of four elements that Aristotle described as the origins of all existing, and the basic resource of human being to survive...... Water is not just a physical element. It has much more significance.

The world’s very first civilizations developed near water and they were named after the name of river. Because all those civilizations were developed based on agricultural economy, water was very important source to maintain and operate their civilizations. Therefore, controlling and protecting water was the most important issue for those civilizations. Since that time, all the cities around the world, from past to present, were founded and developed near water.

During the industrial revolution, water was a focus as well. It was used for generating power to operate machines, making a product, and cooling down heated machine. Because of that, most of factories were located near water. However, factories built near water released pollutants without filtering. As a result, water pollution rapidly started to affect the environment, and cause various human diseases.

Industrial Revolution, 18th Century Water and air pollution near industrial area

Minamata Disease, Japan 1932-1968 Caused by mercury poisoning on minamata river and sea that was polluted from factory wasted water

4

Human Efforts As one of the urban contexts, people are revising their waterfronts and trying to redevelop them.

Under the development plans, waterfronts have become a great place for hanging out, and have turned into an source of tourism. During these developments, most developers and architects designed and created a decent water front space for people. CheonGye-cheon in Seoul, South Korea is a good example. CheongGye-Choen is located in the city center, and was previously covered with concrete used for major traffic roads until 2003. After the city of Seoul started the restoration plan for CheongGye-Cheon, it was finally made available to the people of Seoul and became a major place to visit. Other big cities are doing similar development on their waterfront as well, and this movement now has become a trend for newly planned city development around the world.

CheongGye-Cheon, Seoul, South Korea The changing shape over the last century 1910 ~ 1945

1960 ~ 2002

2003 ~

5

Missouri Flat Creek, Pullman, WA Concrete structures are taking spaces around Missouri Flat Creek

Small Water, The Neglected Space Although humans are putting efforts on redeveloping waterfronts, most of these water development plans are happening in big cities or big water sites. Small waterways are still neglected by people. Most of them are still covered with concrete or left beheind buildings and streets as abandoned sites in urban areas. Small waters are typically excluded from city development plans. This is what is happening in small water. A big body of water contains lots of small waterways. Once the small waters gather in one place, it creates big water such as a river. Therefore, those small waterways are very important to keep the river alive. In other words, Those are the roots of a river. However, currently small waters are not quite treated enogh comparing to their importance. An example is Missouri Flat Creek, located in Pullman, WA. It flows along the side of North Grand Avenue and is blocked by several restaurant buildings and some areas are covered by concrete road. On the other side of this creek is a railroad that is rarely used. This place is one of the abandoned sites in the city of Pullman. People hardly know about this place, and it is hard for the people get close to it.

6

Usability

Architecture

Missouri Flat Creek

Visibility

The New Connection between Urban and Small Water

Sustainability

The mission is clear. Missouri Flat Creek has to be physically and visually accessable, and the water has to be the main player for this developement. In order to keep the water the focus, various water experiences need to be considered as program and structures have to support connecting the water experiences and human behaviors. Improving water quality is another main issue for developing the water site, so water filtration has to be applied as a part of program for Missouri Flat Creek developement. Therefore, development must deal with three main considerations: One: Usability with experiences of water Two: Visibility with new pathways Three: Sustainability through water filtration

02 SITE

ANALYSIS

9

SITE SELECTION Missouri Flat Creek, Pullman, WA

Missouri Flat Creek is located in the city of Pullman. It flows along the side of N. Grand Avenue and joins South Fork River at downtown Pullman. It is a small creek coming from Palouse basin which is 20 miles away to the north of Pullman.

Pullman Trails & Pathways Map

10

ays)

Path w

s&

y Wa

Stadium

ay

Av en ue

ri

Gr an d

M

isso u

Gr

w

n ee

ullm an Tra il

F

(P

la t

N .G

ran dA ve Cre ek

To Palouse/Spokane, WA SR 27

The Junction Point (To Palouse River)

SR 270 To Colfax,WA

Main Str ee t

SR 27 To Colton, WA/Lewiston, ID

CONNECTING MAJOR STREETS Completing the travel route in pullman N.Grand Avenue is very important infrastructure in Pullman because it is one of major traffic routes that completes city’s circulation.

SR 270 To Moscow, ID

11 To Palouse/Spokane, WA SR 27

Path w

s&

y Wa

Stadium

ay

Gr an dA ve nu

M

isso u

ri

eG

w

en re

u llm an Tra il

F

(P

la t

N .G

ran dA ve Cre ek

N. Grand Avenue is the busiest traffic route. According to the City of Pullman, more than 15,000 cars travel through N. Grand Avenue in a day. This is very important fact to know in terms of developing Missouri Flat Creek.

ays)

AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC Tracking the movement of people

The Junction Point (To Palouse River)

SR 270 To Colfax,WA

Main Str ee

t

Number of Cars 15,000 + 10,000 SR 27~ 15,000 To Colton, WA/Lewiston, 5,000 ~ 10,000 ID 2,000 ~ 5,000 (Updated 01-2011)

Data from: City of Pullman, www.pullman-wa.gov

SR 270 To Moscow, ID

12

To Palouse/Spokane, WA SR 27

High Density Residential High Density Residential

Path w

Stadium

ARIAL DIVISIONS Surrounded by residential and commercial area Missouri Flat Creek is located within the boudaries of small commercial areas and surrounded by series of residential areas. Most people are coming from these residential areas and traveling back and forth through N. Grand Avenue.

Av en ue Gr an d

M

isso u

ri

y Wa

ullm an Tra il

s&

ran dA ve Cre ek ay

Gr

w

n ee

Low Density Residential

(P

N .G

la t F

ays)

Commercial Area

Low Density Residential

The Junction Point (To Palouse River)

SR 270 To Colfax,WA

Washington State University Campus

DOWNTOWN

Main Str ee

t

WSU Campus

SR 27 To Colton, WA/Lewiston, ID

Commcial Area High Density Residential Area Low Density Residential Area

SR 270 To Moscow, ID

13

SITE CONTEXTS Buildings and structures near Missouri Flat Creek Around Missouri Flat Creek, there are several restaurants, a gas station, and private storage buildings. Some buildings are not in use. The railroad right next to Missouri Flat Creek is rarely used. These buildings and structures are randomly placed and built without considering the creek.

14

Terre View

To Main Street

N.Grand Ave. Side

Grand Avenu e Gre

en wa y (Pu

llman

trail s&

walk

Pathways) Stadium Way (WSU Campus)

EXISTING PATHWAYS N. Grand Avenue sidewalk and Greenway path

Greenway city path/trail

N. Grand Avenue Sidewalk

There are two major walk/bike pathways near Missouri Flat Creek which are the N. Grand Avenue sidewalk and the greenway city path/trail.

The N. Grand sidewalk is barely used because it is too narrow and feels unsafe. Most people use the greenway path/trail, but it is not oriented well in terms of connecting to the existing commercial area and other pathways. As a result, these pathways are not properly operating and missing their purpose.

15

Date: 4.21.2011 Duration: 2 hours (2:00pm~4:00pm) Loacation: Entrance of Greenway path Total Users: 55 people

2 3

17 4

walk N.Grand Ave. Side

Grand Avenu e Gre en wa y (Pu

TRACKING USERS Number of people using existing pathways A two-hour observational study was conducted to figure out how many people actually use these pathways. During that time total of 55 people used these pathways, most of them used the greenway path/trail and traveling from north of Stadium way and Terre View to downtown pullman. The number of people seen was more than I expected, and proves how important this area is.

23 llman

trail s&

6 Pathways)

observation point

16

Build ing Bl oc

walk N.Grand Ave. Side ks

Grand Avenu Dirt(M ounds) e Gre en wa y (Pu llman trail s&

32 ft

Grass wall Fence

10 ft

Pathways)

PHYSICAL AND VISUAL DISTANCE From pathways to Missouri Flat Creek

From Greenway path/trail mound of dirt and railroad are placed inbetween path and creek

From N.Grand Avenue Buildings are blocking the views of Missouri Flat Creek

From these pathways, Missouri Flat Creek is physically and visually disconnected.

Buildings on the N. Grand Avenue side are blocking the views of Missouri Flat Creek. The other side where the greenway path/trail is located is blocked by a series of dirt mounds. The maxmium distance from N. Grand Avenue to the creek is 32 ft. Because of these surrounding situation, Missouri Flat Creek is unwillingly becoming a hidden place.

17

Through Railtrack Through Greenway path

Through Bridge (Newly built)

walk N.Grand Ave. Side Through parking lot

Grand Avenu e Gre en wa y (Pu

llman

trail s&

Pathways)

AVAILABLE ACCESS POINTS Possible access points to Missouri Flat creek Near Missouri Flat Creek, these is no actual entrance where people can get close to it. Through traveling around Missouri Flat Creek, I discovered several access points. These places have a possibility to become a entrance that bring people close to Missouri Flat Creek.

Access through Bridge

Access through Parking Lot

Through Railtrack

18

Information from: City of Pullman, www.pullman-wa.gov

VEGETATION MAP Found various types and sizes of vegetation willow tree, larch, beefthistle, blue-eyed grass, broad-fruit mariposa, common camas, cowparsnip, cusick’s paintbrush, edible valerian, field chickweed, inflated sedge, nine-leaf lomatium, northern mule’s ear, showy oniongrass, spike bentgrass, tufted hairgrass, water foxtail, western blue flag, western yellowcress, white-margined knotweed, and winter bentgrass......

These various plants are eveywhere near Missouri Flat Creek.

19

SECTION VIEWS Geographical information of Missouri Flat Creek Missouri Flat Creek is 6 to 8 feet wide with wetlands on each side. Beyond that, there is railroad that is rarely used and mounds of dirt. The water level is very low. It goes up to maximum of 2 feet during winter but rest of time it stays around 1 foot. The water speed is slow as well.

The water flow rate of Missouri Flat Creek is around 0.6 to 5.0 cfs(cubic foot per second), but during winter, it flows about 45cfs.

2

Grand Avenu e Gre

1

en wa y (Pu llman

trail s&

N.Grand Ave. Side

walk

Pathways)

1

Dirt mound

Wetland

Winter

Max. Water Level: 2.0 ft

Summer

Max. Water Level: 1.0 ft

Rail Road(rarely used) Grand Avene Greenway path

Missouri Flat Creek Width Range: 6’ ~ 18’

2

Water Flow Rate July - Oct. 0.6 cfs April - June, Nov. and Dec. 5.0 cfs Jan.- Mar. 45 cfs

Water Temperature all Year Range 10 ~ 20 degree in Celsius Mean Temp. 13 degree in Celsius

Data from: Washington State Department of Ecology, www.ecy.wa.gov

20

Feburuary, 2011

April, 2011

June, 2011

August, 2011

96 Scores by constituent

54 63 70 58 80

18 24

51

WATER QUALITY Above moderate level most of time Based on data from Washington State Department of Ecology, the water quality here stays above the moderate level most of time, except January and June. However, some of the problems with stormwater are because there are not enough stormwater sewer or filtration systems that can filter the water from road and sidewalk. Other than that, water here is clear enough to see bottom of creek.

83

77

68

68 69

58 45 42

Scores by month

Fecal coliform bacteria Oxygen pH Suspended solids Temperature Total persulf nitogen total phosphorus Turbidity

86

15 3

Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep

Water Quality Index Scores Good Moderate Bad Higher score means better water quality Maximum possible score is 100

Data from: Washington State Department of Ecology, www.ecy.wa.gov

21

APRIL 21,2011

JUNE 29,2011

AUGUST 29,2011

22

SEASONAL VIEW Dramaticaly changes its view Seasonal changes of Missouri Flat Creek are very dramatic. When moving to the summer from winter, the amount and speed of water is reduced rapidly. Moreover, plants such as red-eye tall grass and others begin to dominate around Missouri Flat Creek.

Winter

Spring

Summer

03

THEORE APP

ETICAL PLICATION

25

POONGRYU

FOLLOW AS WIND BLOW

The Korean Version of Naturalism Nature is the most harmonized system in the entire universe, and it is the basis for all existance. It provide us rules and it will lead us to right direction once we follow it; the direction for harmonizing with all. Pung-Ryu is more connected with human life. It suggests the behaviors of people in all kinds of relationships such as person to person, person to society, and person to natural environment. Within that, we enjoy our lives. One of the Pung-Ryo theorist described his thoughts in a poem. “ The water is the only one that is always clear and never changed.” Then he suggested that our life should be the same as the water flow.

In my project, the design concept is “follow as water flows.” The behavior of the water in Missouri Flat Creek is the key method to designing this area. It will connect with human behaviors to provide water experiences.

풍 류 [wind]

[flow, wave]

26

The nature is always the focal point.

Architecture which represents human world is behind the scene. In other words, the nature embraces the human world, and it is warm and harmonious.

Jin Kyeong Sansuhwa

by Jung-seon

27

WESTERN VIEWS ABOUT NATURE

John Muir

Naturalist, the father of preservation of wilderness in the United States.

In his writing, he saw nature as a great teacher. “Revealing the mind of God”, he said, through nature we can see where we came from originally.

Louis I. Kahn “When sight came, the first moment of sight was the realization of beauty. Just simply beauty itself, which is stronger than any adjectives that you might find to add to it......It is a feeling of total harmony as though you were meeting your marker, the maker being that of nature, because nature is the maker of all that is made. You cannot design anything without nature helping you.”

Nicholas Humphrey “Go out to nature and learn from experience what natural structures men find beautiful, because it is among such structures that men’s aesthetic sensitivity evolved. Then return to the drawing board and emulate these structures in the design of your city streets and buildings.”

28

Thorncrown Chapel, Eureka Spring, AR

Bionic Boxfish Car Concept by Mercedes Benz

DESIGN POSSIBILITY Based on theoretical appication It is very simple. The design inspired by nature is what I want to use as a method to develop my project. In this case, Missouri Flat Creek is the teacher, the precedent, and the guidance. The space is already given. The Missouri Flat Creek is architecture and contains various programs already. We don’t need to create a new program. Water experiences that we get from Missouri Flat Creek are enough. The only thing that is needed is connecting all those water experience, and this is how architecture is to be applied in this project. Therefore, its landscape, water behaviors, and the form of entire site will be considered in my design solution to complete the concept, ‘Follow as the Water Flows’.

04

A

DESIGN APPROACH

31

Conceptual Idea Greenway Path Missouri Flat Creek N.Grand Ave. Sidewalk

pathway

water experiences

New Pathway

pathway

Designing a Pathway So far, the waterfront developments are very successful. It gives the river back to people, and brings a chance for people to enjoy various water activities near their living area. It can happen in small water areas, too. Although, compared to big water, the number of water experiences are limited, small water experiences have their own strength. In other words, small water has its own beauty that cannot be compared with others. However, it has been undervalued by people. The beauty of small water should not be covered with a concrete block or building. This beauty should be celebrated by the people. This is why we can’t simply ignore the small water. Therefore, the main goal here is emphasizing the beauty of Missouri Flat Creek. Architecture is supportive matter that can help people experience the beauty of water, and the beauty of Missouri Flat Creek.

32

BEAUTY OF MISSOURI FLAT CREEK Small changes make big differences here which we cannot expect from a big water. A rock creates a new direction of water stream. Bushes and grass become a habitat for little creatures, sometimes for water as well. Here in Missouri Flat Creek, there is no heirarchy. Everything that exists in this area create the totality of the beauty.

SMALLNESS

33

REFLECTION

34

DYNAMIC

35

VARIETY

36

VARIETY

37

VARIETY

38

PARTICULARITY

39

HARMONY

40

INDIVIDUAL and RELAX

MOOD OF MISSOURI FLAT CREEK The mood here is very different, different from big water. It is more individual, calm, and peaceful. Every single element takes a main role to compose perfect harmony. It doesn’t need to be very crowded.

It doesn’t need to be very complex. Simply taking it as it is, and enjoying it. This is the mood of Missouri Flat Creek.

41

PLAYFULNESS

42

STEADY

43

tion

c

ty

mi

r it y

cula

Reflec

Harmony

ti Par na

rie Va

Dy

Smallness

Beauty

Sitting Bedding Needs Viewing Walking Filtering

ARCHITECTURE Individual

Design Solution for Missouri Flat Creek

Mood

ess lax Re

Ste a

dy

uln Playf

DESIGN DIRECTION FOR MISSOURI FLAT CREEK Bringing beauty and mood into design The design solution is based on the beauty and mood of Missouri Flat Creek. These two elements are precedents for design and suggest the direction of how architecture should be applied to the site. The task of design here is fullfilling the needs of Missouri Flat Creek and the needs of users.

44

Program Urban + Water + People Programs are defiend beased on exitsting conditions. There are some elements that need to be fixed and some features that can enhance the beauty of Missouri Flat Creek. For example, filtering water is what needed to be consider here. Stormwater from streets and roads is directly discharged into Missouri Flat Creek, so the program need to focus on filtering strom water. Creating a place for water experiences also needs to be considered. In Pullman, having a water experiences is rare. Even though there are several water bodies passing through the middle of the city, development has not provided people a good place to have water experiences. Therefore, the new pathway needs to consider bringing water experiences as part of its program. By doing that, the new pathway becomes a place where people can hang out with various water experiences and serves as an attractive way to advertise the city of Pullman to others. Finally, an access point connecting with the new pathways will bring Missouri Flat Creek close to the people, so it will be physically and visually recognigible. All together, Missouri Flat Creek will truely become a part of Pullman; a part of daily place that people will use in their lifetime.

45

WATER BEHAVIOR ON MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WALKING, JUMPING, RUNNING, SPLASHING, HITTING, WAVING, STIRING, THROWING, PASSING, KICKING, LIFTING, DIPPING, COLLAPSING, DROPPING, ROUNDING, PASSING, CLIMBING ......

46

47

48

49

STANDING, WALKING, HEARING, VIEWING

SITTING, HEARING, VIEWING

SITTING, HEARING, VIEWING

BODY BEHAVIOR ON MISSOURI FLAT CREEK The behaviors of the body depend upon environments and landscape that are given to visitors. Structures are supportive matters to help visitors experience the water.

STEADY MOTIONS

MOST SUITABLE MOTIONS FOR MISSOURI FLAT CREEK

BEDDING, HEARING, VIEWING

DYNAMIC MOTION

50

Flowing lines of element over Missouri Flat Creek

PATH + WATER EXPERIENCE + BODY The path is the key to travel Missouri Flat Creek. The path is very respectful of site, landscape, and body posture.

It is suggested by existing environment on Missouri Flat Creek. It will create different views for each season when the water level changes.

51

Existing Pathways

Creating A New Pathway P

Sta d

ium

P

Sta d

ium

Wa y

Wa y

e

ou ri F lat Cre Gre ek enw ay P ath

ran d N. G

is s

Bringing Path close to Missouri Flat Creek

M

Group of Trees

P

iss ou ri F la t C re Gr ee ek nw ay Pat h

Ave nu

P

M

N. G ran d

Ave nu

e

New Path

Connecting Pathways (Old + New) P

Wa y

N. G ran d

P

iss ou Gr ri F ee nw la t ay C re Pa ek th

Ave nu

e

Access/Connecting Points

M

When developing the new path, it is necessary to re-define new roles for existing path. By connecting existing paths with the new path, it will naturally connect with the exsting urban context as well. It is not just putting a new path close to Missouri Flat Creek. It is more about connecting with the elements around Missouri Flat Creek.

Sta d

ium

PATH + URBAN

52

Information from: Environmental Specialties Group, Inc. ,www.envspgroup.com

Water Filtration Box Concept

A Typical Wetland

URBAN + WATER FILTRATION The preservation of existing wetland on the site is very important. It is a natural systems that can filter the water from surroundings to this creek. However, some places are not supported with this existing wetland, so additional filtration systems are needed.

For those additional filtration systems, a modified wetland will be provided that fits into the urban context.

Information from: Fujita Research, www.fujitaresearch.com

Zeolits-filled cage (removes nitrogen) Rocks to prevent erosion

Cracked pea gravel (removes phosphoris) Protective limestone rocks over geofabric

Information from: Swan River Trust, www.swanrivertrust.wa.gov.au

On-Site Water Filtration Clay liner

Designed by Ellen Brook

05

DESIGN S

SOLUTION

55

P

1 1. NORTH ENTRANCE: ACCESS + FILTRATION(URBAN) 2. PATH: SOUND + SPEED 3. PATH: REFLECTION 4. PATH: FILTRATION(STREAM) 5. PATH: STEPPING ISLAND 6. PATH: WATER POOL 7. SOUTH ENTRANCE: ACCESS + PARK

Sta d

ium

Wa y

2

3

5 P

6

iss ou Gr ri F ee nw lat ay C re Pa ek th

N. G ran dA ven ue

4

M

7

LOCATION Each location has a different design application that emphasizes water experiences for that specific area.

56

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK NORTH ENTRANCE WATER FILTRATION(URBAN) + ACCESS POINT + PATH

1

57

north entrance

Sta d

P

ium

Sta d

P

Wa y

ium

Wa y

Becoming gathering point P

1

WATER FILTRATION(URBAN) + ACCESS POINT + PATH

Greenw ay Pat h

Cre ek iF l at

Mi sso ur

N. G ran d

Ave nu

e

Greenw ay Pat h

Cre ek iF lat

Mi sso ur

N. G ran d

Ave nu

e

building grid

street grid

Application of grid system P

58

Applying grid system as a design principle for north entrance Bringing the entrance down to water level of Missouri Flat Creek

WATER FILTRATION(URBAN) + ACCESS POINT + PATH

1

59

storm water

Storm water collecting point

Installing water filtration boxes for filtering storm water from urban site

Arrangement of filtration boxes

tall grass filtering box (wood stamped site-cast concrete) sand

gravel

pebbles to Missouri Flat Creek

1

WATER FILTRATION(URBAN) + ACCESS POINT + PATH

Details of water filtration box

60

sta

diu

glulam wood (pressure treated) Columns

Lengths: 48feet Depths: 3-1/2”, 5-1/2”, and 7” Widths: 3-1/8”, 5-1/4”, and 7”

Beams

mw ay

e.

Av d n

a Gr

N.

Lengths: 48feet Depths: 9-1/2”,11-7/8”, 14“, 16”, and 18” Widths: 3-1/2”, and 5-7/16”

Data from: Rosboro, www.rosboro.com

N.Grand Avenue

SOUTH ENTRANCE SECTION

WATER FILTRATION(URBAN) + ACCESS POINT + PATH

1

61

62

63

P

N. G

ran dA ven u

e

P

Mi sso ur

iF lat

Cr ee

k

Greenwa y Pa th

Sta diu m Wa y

PATH DESIGN Water stream surrounded by natural environment Creating path as continuing lines of its landscape and vegetation Combining water experiences as programs tree line vegetation line building line path line

64

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATER PATH WATER SOUND + WATER SPEED + PATH

2

65

Sound of Water amplified by surrounding tall grass and trees Structure follows the profile of landscape and the body Light fixture responds to water speed

2

WATER SOUND + WATER SPEED + PATH

66

concrete slab (precast-scored) concrete footing surface-scored compacted fill gravel pebbles

water flow

water turbine (generating power)

natural sound tunnel

SOUND/ SPEED PATH SECTION

WATER SOUND + WATER SPEED + PATH

2

67

68

69

3

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATER PATH WATER REFLECTION + PATH

70

Application of a new material on existing concrete wall that can reflects surroundings

WATER REFLECTION + PATH

3

71

White porcelain tile has a great reflecting effect and is easy to install

metal lath mortar bed water proof/bond coat

24” x 24” white porcelain tile

3

WATER REFLECTION + PATH

existing concrete wall

72

REFLECTION PATH SECTION

WATER REFLECTION + PATH

3

73

74

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATER PATH WATER FILTRATION(STREAM) + PATH

4

75

Water filtration for stream using existing environmental context on site Walking and resting around the filtration area guided by water channel

4

WATER FILTRATION(STREAM) + PATH

76 existing tall grass concrete slab (precast-scored) dam

plant filtration water channel concrete footing

gravel pebbles sand

ro ck filt rat ion stone (reducing water speed)

concrete slab (precast-scored) pebbles concrete footing

gravel clay liner sand

FILTRATION PATH SECTION

WATER FILTRATION(STREAM) + PATH

4

77

78

79

5

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATER PATH STEPPING ISLAND + PATH

80

Water flows through tall grass area, middle of creek remains an island Traveling through middle of creek by using stepping island

STEPPING ISLAND + PATH

5

81

Middle of creek is remained as an island Stepping island is emphasizing the existing condition.

existing tall grass sand site-cast concrete

sand water channel pre-cast concrete compacted fill gravel pebbles site-cast concrete footing

5

STEPPING ISLAND + PATH

82

STEPPING ISLAND SECTION

STEPPING ISLAND + PATH

5

83

84

85

6

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK WATER PATH WATER POOL + PATH

86

Trees provide good shading and and create a relaxing area Body rests on the top of water Half of sunken structure creates a pool and allows people to get into water

WATER POOL + PATH

6

87

water pool pebbles

gravel

pre-cast concrete site-cast concrete gravel

WATER POOL PATH SECTION

6

WATER POOL + PATH

88

89

7

MISSOURI FLAT CREEK SOUTH ENTRANCE ACCESS POINT + PUBLIC PARK

new e tre

line

from sidewalk

new tree line

th

ay P a Gre enw

Mi

nd in ext e

from parking lot

gt ree

P

line ss o uri Fla tC ree k

N. G

ran d

Ave n ue

90

existing tree line

structure line

connecting to path

Structural form is defined by existing conditions of its location

ACCESS POINT + PUBLIC PARK

7

91

Creating an access point and public park on wide open space Structure surrounded by trees and connects to path

7

ACCESS POINT + PUBLIC PARK

92

steel frame wood panel

concrete surface

Pre-cast exposed concrete wall wood deck for sitting

ACCESS POINT + PUBLIC PARK

7

93

94

06

CON

NCLUSION

97

FINAL PRESENTATION 11.09.2011 Wednseday Carpenter Hall 4th floor hallway Guest Critics Mike Jobes - Miller Hull Partnership, Principal Christopher Patano - AIA, PATATNO + HAFERMANN Architects LLC

98

The final presentation consisted of a 30 minute presentation with another 30 minutes for questions and deliberation by my panel.

Most of issues that the critics brought up during the presentation regarded making more connections to the exsiting businesses in the area such as providing an outdoor seating space for the restaurants. Another criticism was on the south entrance; compared to other locations, they felt it was lacking interest. They felt it needed more interaction with the water. These points that they brought up during the presentation inspired me to think about more issues that I missed. My panel also appreciated the amount of work that I did and details that I brought to the presentation, and agreed that it was an impressive and successful project in terms of reading the river well designing innovative solutions.

99

PUBLIC PRESENTATION 11.18.2011 Friday Pullman City Hall Pete Dickinson - Planning Director Jason Radtke - Assistant City Planner Bill Owens - Engineering Technician (Flood Plain Issue) Ruth Younce - Engineering/Planning Aide

100

It was a great opportunity to talk about my thesis in front of an actual city planner.

I know that the City of Pullman is currently working on developing a restoration plan and adding a new bridge to connect the street to the greenway at Missouri Flat Creek. Through the public presentation, my goal was to catch their interests and inspire them to reference my ideas for future development on Missouri Flat Creek.

During the presentation, I realized that they are more focused on realistic issues such as safety for users, maintainance effort, waste treatments, and use of native plants than innovative design. Those were great suggestions that I never thought about, but overall they were impressed by and liked my ideas. They looked back at what they were doing and compared what they had done thus far with my ideas; thus far their design has been more engineering focused. My thesis gave them a chance to think beyond that point and inspired them to consider my ideas for future development on Missouri Flat Creek.

101

CONCLUSION Like a waterfront in a big city, small bodies of water can be integrated with a community as well. It can provide us a place to hang out and have water experiences. It has its own beauty that we should respect.

It provides more opportunities to bring people close to nature than big bodies of water because small bodies of water exist within small communities. There is no need for a car. Simply take a walk or bike there. It is a private garden for all and a home for small creatures.

Missouri Flat Creek is one of these small bodies of water. As I stated at the beginning, my thesis has been developed based on three considerations: usability with experiences of water; visibility with a new path; and sustainability through water filtration. These considerations are basic elements that should apply into every development on small bodies of water. The Missouri Flat Creek development design is a showcase to let people know how to apply these basic elements into the design of future developments on other small bodies of water. The amouant of time that I spent at the creek and struggling with my design was worth more than I can explain; it was the key to come up with my final design solution. ‘Follow as water flows’ ; like my initial concept, nature itself will suggests the design, the designer only needs to follow its path. The answers will be there on the way.

102

103

Benyus, Janine M. Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. New York: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. 1997 Campbell, Craig S. Wate in Landscape Architecture: Design Functions, Priciples, and Procedures. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, Inc. 1978 Lasky, Kathryn. John Muir: America’s First Environmentalist. Cambridge: Candlewick Press. 2006 Litton, Burton R. JR. and Tetlow, Robert J. Water and Landscape: An aesthetic Overview of the Role of Water in the Landscape. New York: Water Information Center, INC. 1974 Merkel, Jayne. Urban American Landscape. Architectural Design v.77 no.2. pp. 36 - 47, Chichester, England: John Wiley. 2007 Moore, Charles W. Water and Architecture. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. 1994 Murotani, Bunji. Italian Aquascapes. Tokyo: Process Architecture Co.,Ltd. 1993 Murotani, Bunji. Aquascapes II. Tokyo: Process Architecture Co.,Ltd. 1994 Osterman, Douglas. Steiner, Frederick. hicks, Theresa. Ledgerwood, Ray. and Gray, Kelsey. Coordinated Resource Management and Planning: The Case of the Missouri Flat Creek Watershed. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. pp. 403 - 406, Ankeny: Soil and Water Conservation Society. October 1989.

Rosboro Company. “Product Information of Glulam” , Accessed on September 24, 2011 Servheen, Gregg. Morgan, Penelope. Weddell, Bertie. Gessler, Paul. and McDaniel, Paul. Wetlands of Palouse Prairie: Historical Extent and Plant Composition. Moscow: University of Idaho. January 2002 Shane, Grahame. Recombinant Landscapes in the American City. Architectural Design v.77 no.2. pp. 24 - 35, Chichester, England: John Wiley. 2007 Shin, Eun Kyoung. PoongRyu: The origins of beauty in East Asia. Seoul, Korea: Bogosa. 1999

BIBLIOG

Stanwick, Sean. Toronto Waterfront Revitalisation. Architectural Design v.77 no.2. pp. 48 - 59, Chichester, England: John Wiley. 2007 Washington State Department of Ecology. “Palouse Watershed”, August 2009. Accessed on April 12, 2011 http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/tmdl/palouse/sf_palouse.html

Watabe, Kazuji. Horigome, Kenji. and Twn, Kuo Chung. Architecture and Water Space. Tokyo: Process Architecture Co.,Ltd. 1981 Weddell, Bertie J. Historical Vegetation of Seasonally Moist Depressions in the South Fork of the Palouse River Watershed.

Pullman: Draba Consulting, January 2002 Williams, Alena J. Nancy Holt: Sightline. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. 2011

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. “South Fork Palouse River and Missouri Flat Creek” , February 1948. Accessed on April 12, 2011 http://www.nww.usace.army.mil/dpn/images/pullman-1948.htm

104

GRAPHY