Video Games Effects

ISSUE BOOK

VIDEO GAME EFFECTS

AUTHORS

CASEY CALLAWAY ALEK AREND SCOTTY SINCERE EDITOR

PILAR WINTER

CONTENTS

01 05 10 21

HISTORY & NATURE

RAMIFICATIONS

APPENDIX

IMAGE RESOURCES

04 07 18 SCOPE

SOLUTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HISTORY & NATURE November 1972, a simple tennis like game with two sticks on either side of the screen and a ball bouncing between them came out from the company Atari and PONG set the at home gaming industry a blaze. After the release of PONG over 12,000 at home gaming consoles were sold and we have had access to games ever since.

As technology has grown and become more efficient the gaming industry has followed suit. In the 1980’s we had new companies join in selling their own at home gaming consoles. In the 1990’s the gaming industry made a huge leap in all areas with better graphics and technology. We had the drop of at home gaming consoles with 3d effects and more elaborate story lines and productions.

The money has followed suit with this trend over the years. In 1985 the market value for the video game industry was $100 million by the time 1990 hit it had grown to over $4 bIllion dollars. In 2017 the market value for the video game industry is almost $109 billion. In a 32 year span they have changed from million to billion. These numbers alone are a huge reason for the need to get as many games and devices in the hands of people today.

In the early days of video games, we had Mario, Luigi, Zelda, Link, Sonic, Pac-Man as names that we have heard for years and associated to the gaming industry. These characters come from games where they must battle through puzzles and levels to reach the ultimate goal to save their friend that is in imminent danger and defeat the big boss.

Even though these characters still must beat up villains by jumping on their heads or striking down fictitious characters with your sword these games have been considered pretty mild in the violence category. In 1993 one of the most controversial games of all time with the premise of violence and the display of blood Mortal Kombat came out. It received a strong backlash due to the lack of transparency and how parents could tell if a game is going to safe to watch or play. The need for this created, “The Entertainment Software Rating Board (ESRB) a self-regulatory body

01

HISTORY & NATURE established in 1994 by the Interactive Digital Software Association (IDSA). The major video game manufacturers created this board after concerned groups applied pressure over the content of video games. Similar to the movie industry’s rating system, all major game companies now submit their new products for rating to specially trained raters at the ESRB. The ESRB rates over 1,000 games per year. The ESRB looks at a number of factors when rating games. In particular, it considers the amount of violence, sex, controversial language, and substance abuse found in a game. Based on its developed guidelines, the ESRB then gives an age recommendation and content descriptor to each game submitted.” – Sutter Health • Early Childhood (EC) Content should be suitable for children 3 years and older and contain no objectionable material.

• Everyone (E) Content suitable for persons ages 6 and older. The game may contain minimal The rating system that violence and some “comic mischief.” the ESRB established • Teen (T) Content suitable for persons ages 13 and older. Content is more violent than (E) up is as follows and rating and contains mild or strong language, and/or suggestive themes. the reasoning for each • Mature (M) classification.

Content suitable for persons ages 17 and older. Content has more mature sexual themes, intense violence and stronger language.

• Adults Only (AO) EC E T M AO RP Content suitable only for adults and may contain graphic sex and/or violence.

Adult Only products are not intended for persons under the age of 18.

• Rating Pending (RP) Game has been submitted to the ESRB and is awaiting a final rating.

The gaming industry today has caused companies to find new avenues to generate revenue and make stronger products. Now in existence are professional leagues, pro-gamers even have streaming sites where others can watch them play games in real time and the player can make money from that. In an interview with an avid gamer we talked about a few things he has dealt with in the industry.

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HISTORY & NATURE Q: How long have you been playing video games A: Since I was about 7 when my family got our first console and I have been playing ever since.

Q: How much time do you spend playing Video games?

A: I would say all of my time. I have my job that I work most days for about eight hours and the rest of the time I am plugged into some sort of game either on my Xbox or my laptop. I take a few breaks to eat, use the bathroom, and sleep for a few hours but I would say that most of my free time is gaming.

Q: Do you think you are addicted to video games?

A: No question about I have an addiction. I love playing video games I play all types talk with people from around the world playing online and I have made some real friends, but I know this isn’t a super valuable thing. I know there are probably better things I could spend my time on, but I do really enjoy gaming too.

Q: Do you think you will be able to stop?

A: I hope so right now I don’t have a ton of responsibilities, so I don’t feel like I am hurting anyone but at the same time I am not making a ton of progress in my life. So, I hope that soon I will be able to turn that around a little more.

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SCOPE Although video games have its own benefits, they have become one of societies greatest addictions. The issue of the problem lies not in the games in general, or the amount of time spent on them, but it is the negative effects that occur after playing them.

The general problem with video game addiction comes from the mind. Tracy Nelson, Licensed therapist for Local hospital, Kaiser, in Sacramento California stated “They often do not seek treatment, as they do not identify it as a problem (like most other addictions). I do see tends though- Often video game addiction is seen in a much younger population, 12-25 yrs old, but the age is increasing, as these people continue to age. We often see people with video game addiction for treatment for anxiety, as often, these young people are socially isolated and have poor social skills, as they spend much of their time indoors, communication with others online.” We can see a trend between the ages and how it greatly affects them mentally.

There is no medicine that can provide a cure for video game addiction, however, most patients that come in with symptoms of video game addiction are treated for things like depression and anxiety.

According to, McGill University. “Playing with your brain: Negative impact of some action video games.”, most symptoms include, Preoccupation, refusing to participate in other extra-curricular activities, health problems, skipping meals or losing sleep, suffering relationships, spending more time on games then talking or going out with friends. All these reasons are the causes of video game addiction.

There is always going to be a counter argument that video games are more of a “Hobby”, and people who play sports for hours on end should be labeled as having an addiction if they are. Video games can be a hobby, but provides no nutritional or physical aspect to one’s body or mind. In fact, in the same McGill University article it states that children who play video games for hours on end will experience: Increased aggression, being desensitized to violence, poor performance, during school and failure to work at their “Optimum level.”

04

RAMIFICATIONS There are benefits of video games. Many children can develop better hand-eye coordination, social skills and problem solving. In some cases, video games can even lead to better leaders. But when children suffer from a video game addiction, there are many ramifications that are tough to be avoided.

The video game world has long been one of adventure, with certain challenges. These challenges can be exciting and often intense. They’re also addictive and damaging to one’s central nervous system. According to a study conducted by Vanderbilt University, video games can trigger our “danger senses” These senses, when overstressed, are damaging to our overall nervous central system.

Emily Hughes, director of research for this study, said, “It’s not realistic to expect the brain to adapt to intense and artificial stimulation it was never meant to handle. It’s also not realistic to expect a child with still-developing frontal lobe to control their screen-time, whether that means managing how long they play a game, how they use or misuse social media, or how they behave afterward.”

Seeing as the body and brain aren’t capable of handling so many “danger senses” which lead to an over stimulation, a child’s mood can change drastically the more they play. This is why we see a mood change that is often directly associated with playing video games for too long. Video games also create a chronic stress which also creates a negative mood change.

Simulation of Brain Response to Video Games

Another ramification of video game addiction is the alarming rate of desensitization towards violence. The increase in violent video games, and their addictive nature, has increased the number of children playing these video games. The more children play video games, the more they are desensitized towards violence. Another symptom is an inability to elicit guilt.

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RAMIFICATIONS Lastly, the physical effects of video game addiction lead to an increased chance of obesity. This is pretty straightforward. The more video games you play, the less physical activity children are doing. Video games also tend to lead to poor food choices on behalf of the child when they are given options.

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SOLUTIONS SOLUTION 1: Parents and Community Envolvenmnet Start a community- based group that stops anyone under the age of 18 from participating in any violent video games.

Children today are being helped by their parents to get their hands of Violent video games. Retail stores have policies that don’t allow the sale of certain rated video games to minors. The loop in the system is a parent purchasing the game and giving the access to it to a child. This is a parent enabling a child to get a hold of content that has been deemed unsuitable for them to view. o Key components of the program

• Gather: Parents to give them all the information

• Assess: How effective the educational aspects can be

• Integrate: Organize groups that help get children away from video games in general

• Network: Build and strengthen networks and advocacy groups

• Stimulate: Identify and use the best child psychologists to help educate parents and move kids in the right direction. o Identify / assess strengths and weaknesses (This should likely take the form of a brief info-box.) § 2-3 advantages of this approach

1.

Parents aren’t giving access to these games

2.

Kids will show less signs of aggression

3.

Kids will find other avenues to get stimulation. § 2-3 disadvantages of this approach

1.

Parents have to turn their kid down more often

2.

Kids are unable to have a video game outlet for their pent-up aggression.

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SOLUTIONS SOLUTION 2: Government Programs What can be solved? If people are going to use the excuse that it’s a hobby, what will we do?

As Tracy Nelson stated before,” it is the individual that needs to identify it as a problem”. The first step to anything for that matter is explaining that there is a problem.

The right treatment can be provided such as counseling and anti-depressant medications for those whom have developed different kinds of symptoms by having regular video game association.

There are also Government programs that provide help such as, GAINS.

• • • • •

Gather: Screen for and collect new research findings and best practices Assess: Synthesize this information into appropriate and targeted communication for various types of users Integrate: Organize facilitated learning and follow through Network: Build and strengthen networks and infrastructure Stimulate: Identify and use the most cost-effective ways of achieving significant results

This program is for people that have behavioral issues and mental addictions.

However, this can be a benefit to those who are effected by teaching them to act and behave in a way that avoids addiction in general. This will also teach them to be selfreliant on their own.

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SOLUTIONS SOLUTION 3: Moderation Like most things, video games are okay in moderation. They do result in enhanced skills which can be difficult to come by in other ways. To moderate video games, it is recommended parents set a clear expectation as to how long the child is permitted to play a video game. No more than one hour should be granted to allow the child to participate in other beneficial activities. It is also recommended the child must choose between an hour of video games or television watching. To summarize:

• •

A maximum of one hour per day — either video games or television Set the expectation. If the child is unable to follow, that may tell you your child has an addiction to video games Bryan Nilsen, bishop for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and therapist, has dealt with many instances of video game addiction in both children and adults. In his experiences, he found that moderation is the proper way to go about fun activities.

“Like all things in life, we must observe in moderation,” Nilsen said. “When kids or adults don’t set a time limit for themselves, that will lead to hours gone by and before you know it, you’ll be addicted. So I think that just as you wouldn’t eat unlimited amounts of dessert, you shouldn’t play unlimited amounts of video games.”

If one were to eat four deserts per day, they’d gain weight and body fat very quickly, and the sugar would become addictive. If a child plays video games for more than one hour, the body and brain will crave the “danger senses” previously mentioned.

An hour of video game usage is the proper way to avoid an overexposure of “danger senses” and an overstimulation of the brain.

By following these measures, you can be assured your child participates in a multitude of beneficial activities. Video games themselves aren’t harmful, but an overexposure can be damaging. By setting a one hour time limit, you can best guarantee your child develops a well-rounded multitude of skills.

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APPENDIX Casey Callaway BIO Casey Callaway is from Northern California. He’s an avid sports fan and really loves to spend time with his family and his close friends. He’s married to his wife Nicole. They really enjoy traveling and finding new adventures together and they look forward to growing their family in the future. He works at a skilled nursing facility where he’s training to become and administrator.

SELECTION OF ISSUE My team choose this subject because it is so relevant today. Kids growing up today have video games so readily available and games are as violent as ever. We knew this would be a subject with a good amount of research.

TEAM MEMBER TASKS My job for this issue was a writer number one and to lay down the history and background information for the topic.

STRATEGIC RESEARCH The history of the gaming industry is well documented and has shown a vast history in not only the growth and expansion but also the growth and realism of the violence involved in all the games on the market today.

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APPENDIX

PERSONAL REFLECTION This subject was fascinating to be able to research about.

I personally stopped playing games about six years ago.

I gave up games because I watched as a good friend of mine personally threw is life away because of games. We were roommates for a few years and I would see him got two to three days without doing anything but play games.

I even saw him call in sick to work a few times because he was so addicted, and it consumed so much of his life and thought process. When I was living in that apartment that is when I decided I was done playing games like that for good.

I did not want to get sucked into a trap like that. My other roommates and I tried to help but ultimately, he wasn’t ready to give that all up and now I haven’t really even heard from him in a few years and that makes me sad. That is a reason why I think that this was an important subject for me and hope that we can do better for today’s youth.

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APPENDIX Scotty Sincere BIO Scotty Sincere was born and raised in Sacramento California. He currently studies communications, with an emphasis in Advertisement, at Brigham Young University-Idaho. Scotty is a passionate individual who enjoys playing soccer, drawing graffiti and listening to all sorts of music.

His grandma also thinks that he is “Handsome.”

SELECTION OF ISSUE I felt that our team selected this topic because it is a topic that is commonly avoided and a problem for a lot of people. I think what drew us to the topic was that it is a problem that can’t be simply be solved by medicine. It has to take self will power. I completed a portion of the writing section.

TEAM MEMBER TASKS I researched and asked professionals about their experiences or thoughts about video Game addiction. I also found resources pertaining to the development of curing the problem.

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APPENDIX

PERSONAL REFLECTION Many children and young adults in America and other countries suffer from video game addiction. Though this has not been diagnosed, this is more of a mental addiction than anything else. The problem with video game addiction is that people generalize it with being a hobby of theirs.

For example, people who play sports all day every day.

Though this could be an addiction, there are many positive effects to playing sports. Although there are the same with video games, it was a hard task in the research of finding out the main problems. When researching in this assignment I noticed that video game addiction needs to be recognized by the person ion general. It also leads to cases of depression.

As I was researching this assignment, I noticed how important it is for parents to monitor the time spent on video games at a young age. This could have devastating effects later on if not controlled.

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APPENDIX Alek Arend BIO Alek Arend is currently enrolled at BYU-Idaho studying English and journalism. He’s 23 years old, and has a wife and a two year old son. He’s currently a contracted writer for CBS Sports (247Sports Duck Territory), and He covers the University of Oregon and all sports included.

SELECTION OF ISSUE We decided to study the effect of video games on children because video game usage is increasing every year. Technology is also increasing, which leads to a larger use of video games. We wanted to study if video games truly do have benefits, and if those benefits are worth the harm.

TEAM MEMBER TASKS I personally worked on the conclusion portion of the issue book, as well as providing key data regarding the use of video games. I also came up with the suggestions regarding how parents should handle their children when it comes to video game usage.

STRATEGIC RESEARCH I provided the ramifications section of the issue book. I conducted research regarding the effects of an addiction to video games, and the ramifications which come from it. I also provided the solutions section regarding the recommendation of time allotment towards video games.

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APPENDIX

PERSONAL REFLECTION I really came into this assignment seeking the truth regarding video game usage and whether they’re beneficial at all. I have a two year old son, and very soon he will want to play video games. Wanting to just seek the truth really helped me have an unbiased view while completing my research. The conclusion I came to is that video games can be used in moderation. Addiction can happen to anyone if they’re not careful, but a healthy dose of video games can be beneficial to children. When kids play for three or four hours a day, that’s when a problem arises. A healthy dose of video games, accompanied by other productive activities, including outdoors time, can help children develop useful skills to be used throughout their lives. These skills include hand eye coordination, problem solving, social skills and leadership. When children play video games, there’s a greater chance they develop these traits and skills at a younger age.

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APPENDIX Pilar Winter BIO Pili is from Barcelona, Spain, Her first 14 years Spain was living under a dictatorship and many restrictions in education, culture, religion and any kind of freedom. Currently her family and her are living in San Antonio, Texas. She has 5 children and 4 ½ grandchildren. She’s a Pathways student and grateful for he opportunity to finish her education and show to her children that challenges can be overcomed, no mater how late in life. After graduation she wants to work for the School District in San Antonio, specially in bilingual adult education.

SELECTION OF ISSUE I think we can all relate to this topic as a child or as a parent. I never play videogames, but I saw the effects on my children and I was interested on searching more about the consequences.

TEAM MEMBER TASKS I volunteered to the editor for two reasons, I recently took two Microsoft Word classes and I was excited to put into practice what I learned and my son has amazing programs to create and design. My responsibility as an Editor is to compile all the research done by our team writers to make sure there is not repeating information, to design the book issue and to correlate the writer’s solution for the issue.

STRATEGIC RESEARCH I didn’t do and extend research on the topic, but I did read several articles on the matter and compile pictures and graphs useful for the issue book.

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APPENDIX

PERSONAL REFLECTION As a parent and grand parent I see the damage that video gaming can do to the young mind. I was interested in see what could be the positive effects of video games and what are the solutions for this modern commodity. It is interesting how something designed to entertain and amuse have the ability to create addiction and obsession. I saw it on my own children, but 20 years ago we didn’t have the research we do today. Now, my own children control the time and the hours their children have on screen distraction. I believe we need to be more educated about the consequences of videogaming and what can we do as parent to protect our children from it.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Aacap. “Video Games and Children: Playing with Violence.” American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, June 2015, www.aacap.org/aacap/families_and_youth/facts_for_families/fff-guide/Children-and-Video-Games-Playing-with-Violence-091. aspx.

American Addiction Centers Resource. “Signs and symptoms, causes and effects.” https://www.psychguides.com/guides/videogame-addiction-symptoms-causes-and-effects/ Anderson, Craig A., Brad J. Bushman, “Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Affect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Scientific Literature.” First Published September 1, 2001. https://journals. sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/1467-9280.00366 Christopher, Drea. “The Negative Effects of Video Game Addiction.” LIVESTRONG.COM, Leaf Group, 11 Sept. 2017, www.livestrong. com/article/278074-negative-effects-of-video-game-addiction/.

Christopher, Drea. “Live Strong ARTICLE .“ Sept,11, 2017. https://www.livestrong.com/article/278074-negative-effects-of-videogame-addiction/ Department of Behavioral, Applied Sciences and Criminal JusticeTexas A&M International UniversityLaredoUSA. “The Good The Bad and the Ugly”. 04 October 2007.

Development Psychology at Vanderbilt, “Effect of Video Games on Child Development”. April 2014. https://my.vanderbilt.edu/ developmentalpsychologyblog/2014/04/effect-of-video-games-on-child-development/ Dunckley, Victoria. “This Is Your Child’s Brain on Video Games.” Psychology Today, Sussex Publishers, 15 Sept. 2016, www. psychologytoday.com/us/blog/mental-wealth/201609/is-your-childs-brain-video-games.

Ferguson, Christopher J. “Video Games and Youth Violence: A Prospective Analysis in Adolescents” Youth Adolescence (2011) 40: 377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-010-9610-x

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Gentile, Douglas A, Lynch, Paul J. , Linder , Jennifer Ruh, Walsh, David A. “The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviors, and school performance.” 10 January 2004. National Institute on Media and the Family. University of Oklahoma Medical School, USA. Linfield College, USA. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140197103000927 Hughes, Emily. “Effect of Video Games on Child Development.” Developmental Psychology at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University, 24 Apr. 2014, my.vanderbilt.edu/developmentalpsychologyblog/2014/04/effect-of-video-games-on-child-development/.

Jana, Sudipta. “Positive And Negative Effects Of Video Games On Teenagers.” MomJunction, Incnut Incnut, 13 July 2018, www. momjunction.com/articles/effects-of-video-games-on-teenagers_00352668/#gref.

MathRider. “The Real Effects of Video Games on Child Development.” MathRider, 15 Oct. 2018, mathrider.com/effects-videogames-child-development.

Medical News Bulletin, “The Negative Impact of Video Games on the Brain and Cognition”. Oct. 2017. https://www. medicalnewsbulletin.com/negative-impact-video-games-brain-cognition/ McGill University. “Playing with your brain: Negative impact of some action video games.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 8 August 2017. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170808145524.htm Nilsen, Bryan. Personal interview. Nov. 2018.

Norcia, Andrea M.A. “The Impact of Video Games” Sutter Health, June 2014. http://www.pamf.org/parenting-teens/general/ media-web/videogames.html Ryan, Richard M., Rigby, C. Scott and Przybylski, Andrew. “The Motivational Pull of Video Games: A SelfDetermination Theory Approach.“ 29 November 2006. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11031-006-90518?__hstc=26220258.835c34ab7bf88e972fdd7a7debc8575b.1430352000093.1430352000094.1430352000095.1&__ hssc=26220258.1.1430352000096&__hsfp=1314462730

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Shapiro, Jordan. “A Surprising New Study On How Video Games Impact Children.” Forbes, Forbes Magazine, 27 Aug. 2014, www. forbes.com/sites/jordanshapiro/2014/08/27/a-surprising-new-study-on-how-video-games-impact-children/#7e7797a57556.

Sherry, John L.. “The effects of violent video games on aggression” Perdue University. Anderson and Dill article (2000). http://ocw. metu.edu.tr/pluginfile.php/2362/mod_resource/content/1/Sherry_MetaAnalysis.pdf STAFF. “Negative Effects of Video Games: It’s Worse Than You Thought.” Techspirited, Techspirited, 3 June 2018, techspirited.com/ negative-effects-of-video-games.

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IMAGE REFERENCE Cover Image: https://www.google.com/search?q=video+game+addiction&client=firefox-b-1&tbm=isch&source=lnms&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj5oJ3li vreAhVHCKwKHZRSBvAQ_AUIDCgD&biw=2560&bih=1251&dpr=2#imgrc=UrqJ1S3tLszZTM: Pacman Ghost: https://www.google.com/search?q=pacman+ghost+no+eyes+png&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi E7ZzEnPreAhUE1qwKHekjA2AQ_AUIDigB&biw=2560&bih=1251#imgrc=qV07CikdjZI32M: Pacman: https://www.google.com/search?q=pacman+png&client=firefox-b-1&tbm=isch&source=lnt&tbs=isz:l&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiRrbTHov reAhURQq0KHSyKB88QpwUIIA&biw=2560&bih=1251&dpr=2#imgrc=k4oMOy2_Sj35MM: PONG: https://www.google.com/search?q=PONG+pictures&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjQ7vLKuozfAh VSS6wKHddrA24Q_AUIDigB&biw=1920&bih=961#imgrc=qPhccDYQHxDciM: Boy on computer: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=1920&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=qMUJXKm6I8fusQXH4KHQBw&q=ad dicted+kids&oq=addicted+kids&gs_l=img.3..0j0i8i30l8.75893.83543..83723...4.0..0.61.802.17......1....1..gws-wiz-img.......35i39j0i67j0i5i30.

MzhufATdFZk#imgrc=FQ9ElahpSeexFM: Lighted Brain: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=1920&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=_ cUJXIzwAoLatQXpypPoDw&q=lighted+brain&oq=lighted+brain&gs_l=img.3...393952.395957..396069...0.0..0.57.604.13......1....1..gws-wizimg.......0j35i39j0i67.tCdIfNuqVaw#imgrc=8nILKfMwp3msEM: Brain Explosion: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=1920&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=iccJXNu8NMOctAW_2be4CQ&q=brain +response+to+video+games&oq=brain+response+to+video+games&gs_l=img.3...474000.486692..486867...5.0..1.281.1843.33j0j1......1....1.. gws-wiz-img.......0j35i39j0i67j0i5i30j0i8i30j0i8i10i30j0i24j0i30.FW-TDafTyV4#imgrc=_kR7sKTLj6WvmM:

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IMAGE REFERENCE

Bloody Controller: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=1920&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=cckJXNvLHonitQWeiJGwDg&q=childre n+violence+video+game&oq=children+violence+video+game&gs_l=img.3...690582.695218..695290...0.0..0.52.1275.28......1....1..gws-wizimg.......0j35i39j0i67j0i5i30j0i8i30j0i30.Gs96devyrHc#imgrc=4Y4s8pudbJk7eM: Parent playing Video Game with kid: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=1920&bih=961&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=W9EJXJ3SLI3isAWbtJawDw&q=parents +playing+video+games+with+kids&oq=parents+playing+vide&gs_l=img.3.1.0l2.53972.58778..60955...0.0..0.55.889.20......1....1..gws-wiz-im g.......35i39j0i67j0i24.460q70kz6U0#imgrc=P6hfc8fJflzYTM: Kids playing outside: https://www.google.com/search?q=kids+playing+outside&client=firefox-b-1&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjA2PPP8 5jfAhVEXawKHW7vAI4Q_AUIDigB&biw=2560&bih=1247&dpr=2#imgrc=dNnQSs9TUWk7qM: USA Shape Flag: https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-1&biw=2560&bih=1247&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=ykQQXMbNAcSatgXnyoCYAw&q =usa+shape+flag+png&oq=usa+shape+flag+png&gs_l=img.3...60351.60977..61641...0.0..0.53.293.6......1....1..gws-wiz-img.......0i8i7i30. i55yJDyw490#imgrc=B0mhZ6lt_N3ynM:

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