CONTENT
26
08
News and updates
ď‚— Now AYUSH Doctors can prescribe medicines ď‚— Chilli and Pepper compound can prevent breast cancer
14
Healthy Tips
If you are one of them who could hardly resist the warmth underneath blanket in the chilli February morning and missed your daily workout regimen for weeks, you are not alone.
Infertility in women
Pregnancy brings various physiological and psychological changes in a woman. Physical activities such as practising prenatal yoga help a great extent to provide you mental and physical harmony, coherence and comfort.
30
Yoga DURING pregnancy
Women are considered to be creators of lives and pioneers of domestic happiness by giving birth to little angles. They are the epitome of creation, benefaction, and fostering of lives and generations.
4
Feb 2017
Pink Medico
40 Cancer - Causes and Treatments
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-ofcontrol cell growth with the potential to spread to other parts of the body.
PINK MEDICO
Managing Director: Prakash Subramanian EDITORIAL TEAM: Executive Editor: Prakash Subramanian Sub Editor: Suresh Kumar M Correspondent: Pallavi J DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT TEAM Creative Director: Vidhya Prakash Creative and Content Head: Ramani Ranjan Behera Graphics and Artwork: Ponnuswamy S. SALES AND MARKETING CORRESPONDENCES: Anarghyaa ETech Solutions Pvt Ltd No.22, 2nd Floor, 5th A Main International Airport Road, Hebbal Bangalore 560 024 Email: info@pinkmedico.com Tel: 080 2343 5444 Cell: +91 91084 83395
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About : Pink Medico is a pioneering healthcare and Medical aggregator. Its 360º healthcare approach ensures educating people to understand and avail healthcare services easily. It facilitates, promotes doctors, hospitals, diagnostic centres, pharmaceutical companies, etc., through its online and offline presence. It creates awareness by conducting medical & healthcare events, awareness camps, forums, seminars, conferences and fairs in medical and healthcare industry Advertising : Pink Medico’s online and offline presence creates affordable value proposition for brand presence in pan India and across the globe. Online branding reaches to 490 million mobile users and 500 million internet users approximately by 2017. Hence your brand reaches to a wide consumer demography.
Disclaimer:
All the details published in this magazine contain opinions, ideas and experiences of various writers, professionals and sources. It is intended to provide informative material on the subjects contained therein. It is sold or presented with the understanding that the members, managers, writers, publisher and Pink Medico are not engaged in providing medical or health or healthcare services, do not dispense, directly or indirectly, medical advice, or do not prescribe the use of any technique or products as a form of treatment for any medical or similar issues of any kind or nature whether physical, mental or otherwise, and do not recommend any of the product or services directly or indirectly. Pink Medico does not have any intention to provide specific medical advice, readers should not use any Content for diagnosing or treating a medical or health condition. If you have or suspect that you have a medical problem, you should contact your professional healthcare provider through appropriate means. You agree that you will not under any circumstances disregard any professional medical advice or delay in seeking such advice in reliance on any Content provided herein, reliance on any such Content is solely at your own risk. You should carefully read all information provided by the manufacturers of any products advertised or promoted before purchasing and/or using such products Views and opinions expressed in this magazine are not necessarily those of Pink Medico or Anarghyaa ETech Solutions Pvt Ltd (AETSPL) or its publishers and or editors. We at Pink Medico do our best to verify the information published but do not take nay responsibility for the absolute accuracy of the information. Pink Medico or AETSPL does not accept any responsibility for any investment or other decision taken by readers on the basis of information provided herein. Pink Medico or AETSPL does not take any responsibility for returning unsolicited material sent without true postal stamps for return postage. No part of this magazine can be reproduced without our prior written permission of the publisher. Pink Medico or AETSPL reserves the right to use the information published herein any manner whatsoever.
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Feb 2017
5
EDITORIAL INSIGHT
Editorial Insight Dear Readers, In this competitive and stress stricken world, everybody seeks happiness and wants to be free from the mundane world full worries and anxieties. People go to park, watch cinema, go to gym, involve in philanthropic activities to gain inner happiness and peace of mind. Nevertheless, everybody will agree with me about the heavenly happiness we get when we spend time with our little angels: our kids or kids of our family member. For a woman, it’s a divine feeling to be mother and spread the maternal lover which complement the womanly quality of lovingness, affection, kindness, selflessness while upbringing children. Unfortunately, opposed to the natural mechanism of the child bearing and child birth, some of the women suffer the biological disorder of infertility which restrains them from the divine feeling of the motherhood and maternal love. Infertility also affects men to great extent. Male infertility and women infertility rate is 30% and female infertility rate is 30%. However, combined, unexplained and other infertility rate are 10%, 25%, and 5% respectively. These many times results in agonising and worrisome mental state that struggle to search identity,
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Feb 2017
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gain self-confidence, manage stress, and control emotional aspects. In -pects. In some orthodox societies people consider infertile woman as inauspicious and ominous. However, medical science has many solutions such as infertility treatments and alternative ways to get motherhood, in fact, parenthood. Fertility drugs, artificial insemination, donor sperm, In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), donor eggs, surrogacy, donor embryos, reproductive surgery, Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) and Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) are some of them to deal with infertility. Couples can go the one or other solution keeping in view their financial situation, medical conditions, availability of solutions and the cultural barriers for such solutions. Government must encourage the adoption which can provide parenthood to many distressed couples. Yours sincerely, Prakash Subramanian
ASK DOCTOR
Ask Doctors / Experts: Q & A on following topics • • • • • • • • •
General Health Gynaecology Child Health and Paediatrics Sex Problems Infertility Skin and Hair Care Health and Fitness Obesity Diabetes ....
• Have Any Questions related to your health? • Have any personal problems, issues or concerns of any nature which you hesitate to discuss or clarify with your family or friends ? • Have any questions related to your sex life? Share it with us! Our panel of Doctors / Experts will answer your queries Send your queries to: By Email: contact@pinkmedico.com By Post: Pink Medico Anarghyaa ETech Solutions Pvt Ltd 22, 2nd Floor, 5th A Main New Airport Road, Hebbal Bangalore 560024
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Feb 2017
7
HEALTH NEWS
NEWS & UPDATES
8
Jan 2017
Now AYUSH Doctors can prescribe allopathy medicines
A
ccording
to
the
government
prepare them treat communicable
order issued on the 5th January
and non-communicable diseases
2017,
AYUSH doctors appointed
in the rural areas. This move of
by primary Health Centres (PHCs) in rural
the government is supported by
Karnataka can practice allopathy “during
Karnataka Ayurvedic and Unani
emergencies�.
Practitioners Board stating the fact that if the AYUSH doctors are
With this move, the Karnataka joined the
trained they can manage the work
15th states where AYUSH doctors in PHCs
in PHCs.
can practice of allopathy like other states such as Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat,
However, the decision of the
Odisha, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Assam,
government has raised objections
and Uttarakhand.
from various groups such as Karnataka Medical Council (KMC)
According
Health
and state unit of Indian Medical
Department of Karnataka, the decision was
Association (IMA). KMC has written
taken keeping the shortage of the MBBS
to the Government to postpone
graduates in rural Karnataka. Government
the decision. According to them
has asked IGNOU to prepare a crash course
allowing this practice with create
for a period of 6 months to train the AYUSH
more medical negligence in rural
doctors to practice allopathy. This will
Karnataka.
Pink Medico
to
source
of
the
NEWS & UPDATES
CHILLI - PEPPER COMPOUND CAN PREVENT BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer has been always creating alarming concerns in women and is most deadly cancers in the world with almost 1.7 million new cases diagnosed in 2012. Researchers have been working on hard to finding out solutions to various types and subtypes of breast cancers. The triplenegative breast cancer is particularly
difficult to treat. However, new research may have uncovered a molecule that slows down this kind of cancer. Genetic researches categorized subtypes based on the presence or absence of estrogen, progesterone, and the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Triplenegative breast cancer is one type where that testes negatively for HER2. Chemotherapy is the only option to treat breast cancer. According to the findings were published in Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy, researchers led by Dr. Hanns Hatt and Dr. Lea Weber, from the Ruhr University in Bochum, Germany, tested the effects of a spicy molecule on cultivated tumour cells of triple-negative cancer type. They collaborated with several institutions in Germany such as Augusta clinics in Bochum, the hospital Herz-Jesu-Krankenhaus in Dernbach, and the Centre of Genomics in Cologne.
Examining the effect of spicy molecule on cancer cells
The researchers tested the effect of capsaicin found in chili or pepper, on SUM149PT cell culture. They found capsaicin in chilli or pepper, which is a model for triple-negative breast cancer. There are several transient receptor potential (TRP) channels influence cancer cell growth. One of the TRP channels is the olfactory receptor TRPV1. Capsaicin has been shown to induce cell death and inhibit growth of cancer cell for various cancer types such as colon and pancreatic cancer. Capsaicin activates TRPV1 to inhibit cancer cells growth.
Pink Medico
Feb 2017
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NEWS & UPDATES
Capsaicin activates TRPV1 to Inhibit cancer cells growth Researchers found several typical olfactory receptors in the cultivated cells. Olfactory receptors are proteins that bind smell molecules together and are located on olfactory receptor cells lining the nose. TRPV1olfactory receptor is activated by the spicy molecule capsaicin as well as by helional. Dr. Hatt and team found TRPV1 in the tumor cells of nine different samples from breast cancer patients. Researchers added capsaicin and helional to the culture for several hours or days. This activated the TRPV1 receptor in the cell culture. As a result of TRPV1 being activated, the cancer cells died more slowly. Additionally, tumor cells died in larger numbers, and the remaining ones were not able to move as quickly as before. This suggests that their ability to metastasize was reduced. Genetically Modified mosquitoes help fight dengue virus:
time in the history of medical sciences, scientists have genetically engineered Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Scientists Find Way To Cut Lifecycle Of Virus, Making It Harmless
are being used to resist dengue virus. When a mosquito bites someone infected with
The severity and consequences of the dengue fever is known to the world. Severity of the dengue is so much that it creates catastrophic concerns among the people and many times people call it bone breaker. The symptoms and consequences of the disease is so much that it make it almost impossible to cure the disease. The only most probable way to control the disease is to control the number of mosquitoes that carry the dengue virus. In a recent development, genetically modified mosquito is being utilised by scientists to fight the
10 Feb 2017
infection caused by the dengue virus. For the first
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dengue virus (DENV), the virus needs to complete its lifecycle in the mosquito's gut, eventually infecting its salivary glands, before it can infect another person. Previous studies have shown that mosquitoes rely on a molecular pathway dubbed JAK STAT to try to fight DENV infection and stop this cycle. Proteins known as Dome and Hop are involved in turning on the JAKSTAT when the mosquito is infected with DENV .
Researchers from Johns Hopkins University in the US genetically engineered Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to turn on expression of either Dome or Hop in the fatbody tissue earlier in infection immediately after ingesting blood -and make more of the proteins. Mosquitoes with engineered versions of Dome or Hop that were then infected with DENV had 78.18% (Dome) and 83.63% (Hop) fewer copies of the virus in their guts, as well as significantly less virus in their salivary glands. Mosquitoes with the altered genes had normal lifespans, but produced fewer eggs. When the researchers repeated the experiments with Zika virus and chikungunya virus, no impact was seen on infection, suggesting that the importance of the JAKSTAT pathway in the fatbody tissue is unique to DENV . “It may be possible to achieve improved or total resistance to dengue and other viruses by expressing additional transgenes in multiple tissues that block the virus through different mechanisms,“ said the researchers. “Recently developed powerful mosquito gene-drive systems, that are under development, are likely to make it possible to spread pathogen resistance in mosquito populations in a self-propagating fashion, even at a certain fitness cost,“ they said. After decades of research and countless control attempts, dengue fever -a mosquito-borne viral disease -continues to infect an estimated 390 million people around the world each year. The study appears in the journal PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Pink Medico
Feb 2017
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MILLETS-FOR YOUR DIET
Millets are becoming popular in India because of their health benefits and nutritional aspects. Theses gluten-free grains can be consumed by everyone as they support the digestive tract by absorbing nutrients from their food properly. Millets are rich in vitamin- B, calcium, iron, potassium, magnesium, zinc, and so on. . Millets are rich sources of magnesium which is extremely important for starch digestion. Consumption of magnesium-rich whole grains can help lower the risk of type-2 diabetes. Researchers from Cornell University have found that millets are equivalent to fruits or vegetables with respect to their antioxidant properties. According to their research, unlike the ‘free’ forms of antioxidants seen amply in fruits and vegetables, the antioxidants in millets are in the 'bound' form which needs to be released on fermentation by bacteria. Types of millets available in India : Millets are commonly consumed grains in India. In
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India, we found various types of millets such as Foxtail Millet, Pear Millet, Finger Millet, Little Millet, Barnyard Millet, Kodu Millet etc. Note: Millets are known to possess goitrogens which causes affect iodine metabolism causing thyroid problems. Hence, it is advisable to include them in batters and not in daily diet like rice or wheat. Millet: A gluten-free grain: Gluten is a dietary supplement which is a mixture of proteins generally found in wheat and others. It provides starchy, elasticity, and chewy texture and properties to the food like wheat rotis. Millets are grains that do not contain any gluten. Unlike the ragi, jowar or bajra rotis, rolling wheat roti is easier. It lacks starchy substance that facilitates easy digestion. Adding millet to someone's diet is rich in gluten will create balance by creating a more alkaline medium in body.
Benefits of gluten-free diet:
Turmeric powder - a pinch Salt as needed
Exclusion of the composite protein, gluten, from
Carrot -1 medium size
any food is called gluten-free diet.
Beans -3-4 Potato - small 1 or 1/2 a medium sized
A gluten-free diet provides lots of
potato
health benefits: It helps in:
Tomato -1/2 a tomato
• Improving cholesterol levels • Promoting digestive health • Increasing energy levels • Reducing risk of heart disease, cancers and diabetes Gluten-free diet also helps in losing weight if consumed with right combinations and proportions along with other foods.
Healthy Millet Recipe: Foxtail Millet Kichdi: Ingredients: Onion - 1 Green chilli -1-2 slit Ginger - 1 inch finely chopped Foxtail Millet - 1/2 cup Moong dal split yellow variety - 1 tbsp (optional)
Green Peas - handful For the seasoning Oil - 1 tbsp Mustard seeds - 1/2 tsp Urad dal - 1/2 tsp Cumin seeds -1/2 tsp Red chilli - 1 Hing - a pinch Curry leaves - few Preparation Chop all the vegetable into medium sized pieces. Wash and soak millets along with moong dal in 1 1/2 cup of hot water for 2 hours.
Method: Heat oil in a pressure pan / cooker, add mustard seeds, when it splutters, add urad dal, cumin seeds, red chillies, hing black pepper and curry leaves. Add chopped onions, ginger, green chillies and saute until onions turn golden brown. Add the remaining vegetables, salt and saute for while. Add the soaked millet and add required water and pressure cook for 2 whistles. Once the pressure subsides, open the cooker, mix the kichdi well and serve hot.
Pink Medico
Feb 2017
13
Inf
in
Image courtesy:www.pixabay.com
Cau
WOMEN ARE CONSIDERED TO BE CREATORS PIONEERS OF DOMESTIC HAPPINESS BY GIVIN LITTLE ANGLES. THEY ARE THE EPITOME OF C BENEFACTION, AND FOSTERING OF LIVES AN 14 Jan 2017
Pink Medico
fertility
n Women
uses and treatments
OF LIVES AND NG BIRTH TO CREATION, ND GENERATIONS.
Infertility - a cover story
Motherhoods provide them the divine feelings of completeness which compensate with their virtues such as caring attitude, lovingness, kindness and generosity in rearing children. This gives them the social respect and prestigious positions in family and society. In some cases, orthodox, superstitious, and conservative families portray and consider the various implications of childlessness and infertility as inauspicious and ominous. Without knowing the scientific, biological, and medical reasons of infertility, they blame the woman and curse them for the inability to conceive and give birth. They condemn and criticize the infertile women socially, psychological, and emotionally and force them to lead stressful, humiliated, disgraceful, and depressed lives. But the mind-set of the people is gradually changing at the advent of modern medical science and technologies. There have been many positive implication and implementation of modern medical technologies to enable infertile women to conceive and give birth. The society is also changing the attitude and viewpoint towards the infertile woman. Medical science discovered the fact that there are certain responsibilities and efforts which must be put out by the women to cure this physical disability and social stigma of the childlessness. Pink Medico
Feb 2017
15
Infertility - a cover story
M
aintaining body weight balance, controlling
sure about the causes of infertility.
obesity, leading healthy lifestyle, doing regular physical exercises and controlling
Ovulation disorders
cholesterol and sugar level can help them not to be fall prey to infertility. And there are numerous
Most commonly, ovulation related issues cause most
ways bring happiness to their lives and families by
infertility in women. Normally, a regular and periodic
undergoing infertility treatment, adapting surrogacy,
ovulation, or release of eggs is essential for women
looking for adoption and opting for IVF and other
to conceive is natural manner. Some cases this
methods.
natural process gets affected and it stops women releasing. These kinds of problems can occur due to
Causes of infertility
many reasons such as :
Around 70 to 80 million couples are facing the
• PCOS which makes ovary non-productive of
disgrace of the infertility and were not able to create
eggs,
futuristic plan for their life. There many reasons
• Overactive thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism)
behind infertility which leads to many personal and
• Underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) can
social concerns in the world. Among many other reasons, the prominent is biological reason which many cases are manipulated affected by some other reasons. In as many as 25% cases, doctors are not
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prevent ovulation • Premature ovarian failure where ovaries stop working before woman reaches 40
Infertility - a cover story
Advanced maternal age
Endometrial polyps According to a study endometrial polyps are
In the modern era of the artificial lifestyle, women
responsible for affecting the fertility rate by up to
have been delaying child birth until their thirties and
50%. These are finger-like growths in the uterine
forties,causes the adverse effect of advanced maternal
cavity arising from endometrium, the lining of the
age on egg function. In fact for many unknown
uterus. If the polyps are removed polyps by the
medial reasons, egg
hysteroscopy
numbers
it
decrease
at a rapid rate as the woman gets older which
affects
the
“In India, 10 percent women suffer from PCOS�
can
procedure
help
doubling
pregnancy rate and solves infertility.
quality of the eggs and normalcy of the
Endometriosis:
egg decreases. Hence, it creates concerns in women in their 3os or 4os to conceive.
Tubal occlusion (blockage) Many cases blockages in the fallopian tube also cause infertility. Sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia, gonorrhea, or pelvic inflammatory disease can cause blockage fallopian tubes which is called Tubal occlusion. Because of this an ovulated egg is not fertilized by sperm or to reach the endometrial cavity. In vitro fertilization (IVF), laparoscopy or hysteroscopy are alternatives methods in this case.
Uterine fibroids Fibroids causes infertility in approximately 40% of women may have them. One type of the fibroids called Submucosal fibroid which reduces pregnancy rate approximately by 50%. If this is removed, it doubles pregnancy rate. In some cases, removal of the submucosal fibroid helps solving the infertility problem.
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Endometriosis is a condition whereby cells very
Infertility - a cover story
similar to the ones lining the uterine cavity, or
to conceive naturally. Your doctor will determine if
endometrium, are found outside the uterine cavity.
you are at risk of having endometriosis based on a
It is found in approximately 10-50% of reproductive-
careful history, physical exam, and ultrasound.
aged women and can be associated with infertility as well as pain during intercourse and/or menstrual
Unexplained/other:
periods. Endometriosis causes infertility by producing inflammation and scarring, which can result in not
Sometimes a full evaluation does not reveal the
only pain but also potentially detrimental effects
cause of infertility. This occurs approximately 15%
on egg, sperm or embryo. Endometriosis can only
of the time. Thankfully, even when the cause of
be confirmed by surgery, usually laparoscopy. If
infertility is not known, various fertility treatments
endometriosis is found, it can be surgically removed
can overcome the unknown road block that was
by various methods, and its removal may lead to a
preventing pregnancy and eventually lead to delivery
decrease in pain as well as improvement in the ability
of a healthy baby
Pink Medico
Feb 2017
19
Womb and fallopian tubes
Sterilisation
The fallopian tubes are the tubes along which an
Some women choose sterilization to be the process
egg travels from the ovary to the womb. The egg
to control birth if they don’t want children which
is fertilised as it travels down the fallopian tubes.
involves blocking the fallopian tubes. This blockage
When it reaches the womb, it is implanted into the
stops the travel of egg to womb. However this process
womb's lining, where it continues to grow.
is hardly revisable. If a woman has sterilization reversed, changes of the getting her fertility is rare
If the womb or the fallopian tubes are damaged,
though impossible.
or stop working, it may be difficult to conceive naturally. This can occur following a number of
Medicines and drugs
factors, outlined below. Many cases the medicinal and drugs side effect can
Scarring from surgery
cause infertility. The medicines such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapy
Pelvic surgery can sometimes cause damage and
medicines, neuroleptic medicines, spironolactone
scarring to the fallopian tubes.Cervical surgery can
can create issues for fertility. Some of the illegal
also sometimes cause scarring, or shorten the cervix
drugs illegal like marijuana and cocaine can severely
(the neck of the womb).
affect ovulation process making women infertile.
Cervical mucus defect
Age
When you are ovulating, mucus in your cervix
Age is also associated with Infertility and with
becomes thinner so that sperm can swim through it
increasing of ages the fertility rates are also
more easily. If there is a problem with your mucus, it
decreasing. Fertility in women gets decreased after
can make it harder to conceive.
mid-thirties. Among women who are 35, 95% of the women who are 35 will get conceived after three
Submucosal fibroids
years of regular unprotected sex. And only 75% of the women who are 38 will get pregnant after three
Fibroids are benign (non-cancerous) tumours that
years of having regular unprotected sex.
grow in, or around, the womb. Submucosal fibroids develop in the muscle beneath the inner lining of the
Infertility in both men and women
womb wall and grow into the middle of the womb. Infertility can affect both men and women. There Submucosal fibroids can reduce fertility, although
are many factors which affect the fertility rate in
exactly how they do this is not yet known. It is
men and women. Apart from biological, medical and
possible that a fibroid may prevent an embryo from
other reasons unnatural and improper lifestyles also
implanting itself into your womb.
affects in men and women.
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Infertility - a cover story
Weight
Environmental factors
Being overweight or underweight can directly impact the health condition and causes for many physical and mental diseases. While obesity reduces the fertility rate in men women, it affects the other gynaecological changes the in the body. Obesity in women can affect the ovulation. Likewise, being underweight can also impact on fertility, particularly for women.
Excessive exposure to harsh environment and chemicals can many times affect the fertility of men and women. Exposure to certain chemicals, pesticides, metals and solvents can affect fertility in both men and women.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) Unprotected sex can lead to many sexually transmitted infections and diseases which can directly affect the fertility of a woman. While Chlamydia can damage the fallopian tubes in women, it can cause swelling and tenderness of the scrotum in men.
Smoking Lifestyle changes also some time affects fertility. Smoking, for example, has more averse effect for the general health conditions and it can affect the infertility of the men and women. It can affect the ovulation process in women.
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Stress More than the conjugal relationship, stress can seriously impact the evolution process of a woman. If either the partners or ether of the partners are stressed, then it affection libido which can in turn affection frequency of sexual intercourse.
Various treatments for fertility Apart from biological, genetic, and medical reasons lifestyle of people are making them infertile and majority of the women are affecting this kind of infertility. According to some study, approximately 30 million couples in our country suffer from infertility, contributing the infertile rate at 10 per cent. The issues of infertility are increasing day by day, but the advanced medical technologies and treatment can
Infertility - a cover story
be caused by simple medication. By following the advanced treatments like the IVF or egg donation, 20 per cent of the complicated cases can be cured. Women who is not getting pregnant or couple who are not getting the happiness of getting baby due to infertility of both or either of the partners can choose various methods of infertility treatment. The method they want to go will depend largely on the cause the infertlity.
Fertility Drugs There are many fertility drugs available which can help you can cure infertility issues. Injections or pills can be administered which release hormones that induce ovulation to boost egg production. This helps the uterus more receptive to embryo implantation. The women whose have damaged or blocked fallopian tubes must avoid this. They will need IVF. This is one of the low cost and convenient fertilization processes.
Artificial Insemination (Intrauterine insemination or IUI) In case of sperm of a man is slow moving, lower quality or has less count, doctor insert specially prepared ("washed") sperm directly into the uterus through a thin, flexible catheter during IUI This is one of the most commonly used fertility method. This used for women whose cervical mucus is too scant, acidic, or thick to transport the sperm to the egg or who produce antibodies to their partners' sperm.
Donor Sperm This is one of the fertility methods which enable infertile men, lesbian women, and carriers of genetic disorders or single women to have child. In this method, doctors collect sperm from a man other Pink Medico
Feb 2017
23
Infertilit y - a cover story
than the intended father during IUI or IVF. In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) This is one of the popular and costly methods of getting pregnant in an artificial way. This method is ideal for the women with blocked or severely damaged fallopian tubes, older women, scarring from endometriosis and unexplained infertility. This follows a multistep process (called a cycle) in which eggs are extracted from women and fertilized with sperm in a lab condition. After the development of the embryos, one or two are implanted in uterus of
embryo to make her pregnant. Donor eggs and sperm may also be used. This is ideal for the women who cannot carry babies due to diseases, hysterectomy, or infertility.
Donor Embryos In this process embryos are donated by couple after undergoing IVF and getting pregnant. They can donate the unused embryo or not unused fertilized eggs. The embryo is then transferred into the recipient. This ideal for the couples where both
the women.
woman and man are infertile want to have baby.
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI)
Reproductive Surgery
This method is popular which enable the woman to get pregnant after the doctor implants a healthy sperm in her eggs. This method is ideal for the couples where the man’s sperm quality is poor or have he has low sperm count. Embryologist injects healthy sperm directly into the egg with a microscopic needle. After the embryo is developed it's transferred into the uterus through IVF.
This process a surgery is required to clear blockages in either the man or the woman and correct anatomical abnormalities, and remove scarring. Ideal for couples diagnosed with abnormalities such as endometriosis. Based on the condition and severity, and age, the result differs. Apart from reducing pain or discomfort, it increases the likelihood of pregnancy.
Donor Eggs Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer (GIFT) This process is ideal for women with damaged ovaries, or who has undergone chemotherapy and/ or radiation, or who is having poor egg quality. The good quality eggs are obtained from the ovaries of a different younger woman and fertilized by sperm of the receipts partner. After the development of the embryos, it is transferred into the recipient's uterus.
Surrogacy This is one of the popular methods for getting baby. In this process a surrogate mother carries a baby for another woman. Through artificial insemination, doctors make the women pregnant by using the father's sperm or they use IVF with the couple's
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In this process the collected eggs from women are mixed with sperm from the man in a petri dish and placed in fallopian tubes, for the fertilization. This is the ideal process for the couple where woman has at least one functioning fallopian tube and/or the man has a low sperm count. This is also good for the couples with unexplained infertility and who have a moral or religious objection to IVF.
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer (ZIFT) This process the unlike the IVF process, the embryo is not inserted into the uterus rather into fallopian tube. This idea for couples with unexplained
INFERTILITY - A COVER STORY
infertility or low sperm count in man, and/or there are ovulation problems. Infertility is not a curse on women; rather it is just a disorder in women that leads to childlessness. Though the women were blamed in the older and orthodox societies, now the viewpoints of people are changing. Moreover, with the advent of advanced medical technologies, infertility is being treated to provide the couple with happy parenthood. With various artificial methods, the social stigma, personal agony and family unhappiness are being eradicating. Those women who are still unable to conceive, they are being used in more artificial methods to implant the embryo of different couple their uterus to experience the happy feelings of the motherhood and childbirth. Many countries has legalise the surrogacy where a different women gives birth to the child of the couple where the sperm of the father used for child birth. Many doctors and healthcare associates have been suggesting change of life style in controlling or eradicating infertility. Following a strictly controlled lifestyle, both men and women can control infertility. Regular exercise to control obesity, managing stress and anxiety, quitting smoking, controlling unprotected sexual activities can help a lot to control infertility. As our society is changing day by day so is our thought process. Many couples have chosen adoption as method to remove the unhappiness of childlessness and make their family world happy. This many cases removes the unhappiness of a family especially a women who is infertile with an unexplained reason. Pink Medico
Feb 2017
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Health Tips
Healthy Tips Get back your health care regime If you are one of them who could hardly resist the warmth underneath blanket in the chilly February morning and missed your daily workout regimen for weeks, you are not alone. If you have put on weight, increased extra calories and could not resist delectable delicacies of the New Year and other celebrations, don’t worry. If you are feeling guilty of that, stop that for now. However, feeling guilty will not help you unless you are out of your comfort zone leaving your velvet quilt. Getting back on to it as soon as possible is as important as your resolution to stay fit and healthy. For some, returning to normal life is as easy as pie, but for others it is a challenge. However, going back to your fitness regimen will surely help.
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Health Tips
Do not rush: Start your workout gradually in the initial days. If you work out in gym, don’t lift the dumbbell or get into weight machines or abdominal crunchers all of a sudden. You will end up harming yourself. Rather for the first week you could stick to treadmills and cycling and other simple exercises until your body gets accustomed and get the momentum.
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Get rid of laziness: Overcome laziness and come out of your comfort zone. Being lazy doesn’t help you getting back your fitness regimen. Ensure you are fixing a time for getting up from bed and get refreshed before going out for morning work. Ensure clearing off your bowels before going a walk. A glass of water can help you.
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Think out before you actually do: You missed it; you have to start it again. No worries. Before you actually start it, start doing it in your mind. Sit calmly and think about the plan peacefully. You will definitely get the ways how to plan all these. Set clear goals and determine to achieve it. Start with small goals and insist to achieve it. It surely will boost your plan for bigger ones.
3 5 Balanced food: Return to the previous healthy lifestyle by consuming a balanced diet with all the key nutrients required for your body. Get back the stringent and consistent dieting habit such as healthy breakfast full plate of vegetables in each meal are important other healthy recipes. Start the day with fruits, fruits juices and all healthy foods. Complementing the food, a regular exercise makes you physically and mental fit. This helps your check calories cholesterols, and washout your toxin.
Divide your goals into small chunks:
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Don’t plan for bigger achievements rather divide bigger plan into smaller goals and try achieving. If you run for 10 kms, start covering five by walk. Within a week you will get the momentum to get back to the earlier pace. If you work out in gym, plan your work accordingly based on your physical and mental ability.
Yoga during Pregnancy
Image courtesy:www.pixabay.com
YOGA DURING
PREGNANCY
P
regnancy brings various physiological and psychological changes in a woman. Strong moods, emotions are common in pregnancy due to hormonal changes in body. The common physiological changes during pregnancy are cardiovascular, hematologic, metabolic, renal, and respiratory changes which hare normal and creates conducive environment for the foetus to adjust.
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Bringing a coordinative balance between the physiological and psychological changes are essentially important in this stage. When the physiological changes brings complexities as leg cramps, shortness of breath, aches and pains, mouth and tooth change, constipation, congestion, the emotional changes brings changes such as sadness, love, fear, forgetfulness, anger, joy, and surprises.
Yoga during Pregnancy
A wholistic benefit for the mother and babies Physical activity is essential during pregnancy: Physical activity during pregnancy was a social taboo earlier in India. But gradually doctors have been suggesting physical activities during pregnancy. These tailor-made fitness programs have been helping the would-be-mother prepare better for an easy and comfortable child birth experience.
of body and mind enhancing mental peace and physical strength
Prepares your body for childbirth: Helps providing you required stamina, bodily flexibility, and fitness for the childbirth. The labour pain can be eased depending on the bodily fitness
Physical activities such as practising prenatal yoga help a great extent to provide you mental and physical harmony, coherence and comfort. Various scientific researches suggest yoga in pregnancy considered to be safe and can provide many benefits for physical and mental balance so that women can be prepared well for child birth.
Reduces constipation:
Various benefits of exercises for pregnancy:
Helps you gain less body fat after the delivery of baby. Hence helps maintain body weight and recover body shape soon after delivery.
Boosts your spirits and mood: Various exercises help increase levels of mood boosting serotonin that provides you more enthusiasm and spirits
Balances body and mind function:
The physical activity involved in exercises helps by moving more you’ll accelerating intestine movement reducing constipation
Speeds up recovery from overweight:
Helps getting better sleep: Proper exercise can manage restlessness and disturbed sleep during pregnancy Maintain a level of fitness. Helps you maintain in proper shape during pregnancy if you already have fit body.
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Yoga during Pregnancy
Reduces stress:
Benefits of yoga:
Helps you reducing stresses and anxieties during pregnancy due to unexpected fear.
Prenatal yoga classes are very popular, and when paired with a cardiovascular exercise (such as walking), yoga can be an ideal way for moms-tobe to stay in shape. Whether you're a newbie or a veteran, yoga can keep you limber, tone your muscles, and improve your balance and circulation during pregnancy – all with very little impact on your joints. Yoga is also beneficial because you'll learn how to breathe deeply and consciously relax, which will be helpful as you face the physical demands of labour,
Reduces discomfort: Helps you managing back pain, joint pains, and muscle strain by controlling pains due body movement.
Maintains self-image: Exercise helps you toning your body, providing proper blood circulation and creating conditions for proper internal and external functioning. Hence, maintaining
Me-time: It will be the last time you can enjoy your exercise high without having to coordinate babysitters and sleep times once baby is born.
birth, and new motherhood. Learning to breathe fully is actually one of the first things you'll learn in a yoga class. To use the breathing technique practiced in yoga, known as ujjayi, you take in air slowly through your nose, fill your lungs as you expand your belly, and exhale completely until your stomach compresses. Learning to do ujjayi breathing primes you for labour and childbirth by training you to stay calm when you
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Yoga during Pregnancy
need it most. When you're in pain or afraid, your body produces adrenalin and may produce less oxytocin, a hormone that makes labour progress. A regular yoga practice will help you resist the urge to tighten up when you feel pain, and make it easier to relax instead. According to a recent review of 10 research studies, prenatal yoga also lowers your chance of having pregnancy complications, your pain and stress levels, and possibly even your risk of having a baby that is small for his gestational age. The benefits of yoga aren't limited to your pregnancy and physical well-being. "Taking a prenatal yoga class is a great way to meet other pregnant women and to become part of a community," says Cynthea Denise, a registered nurse and prenatal yoga instructor in Oakland, California. Being in a positive, supportive environment with others can give you a regular emotional boost and keep you motivated to continue exercising.
Various benefits of practicing yoga Yoga asana has many physical and mental benefits. Regular practice of various yoga poses helps increasing physical and mental strength. It helps removing stress and increases metabolism.
Helps develop strength and stamina: Regular practice of various postures of prenatal yoga helps you building stamina and strength to face the labour pain. It also helps avoiding other physical inactivity which may lead to complexities in childbirth.
Helps building balance: Yoga helps building a coherence and harmony between the body and mind. While exercises involved
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in it make you physically fit, the various special postures make you mentally calm and balanced.
Relieves tension: Yoga helps removing tension from various parts of your body such as lower back, hips, chest, upper back, neck, and shoulders. As soon as you gain wait due to growth of the baby, the states aching.
YOGA BENEFITS: Preparation for Labour Connection with baby Increases circulation Breathe work practice Sense of community/sisterhood Nurturing time Keeps a check on your stress level Aids in digestion Prepares you mentally Increases chances of natural child birth Reduces pain during child birth Keeps you active Post-delivery benefits Yoga for various stages in pregnancy: Based on your physical conditions you can perform various poses of the yoga asana. If you make it regular practice to follow yoga steps, you can achieve incredible physical fitness and emotional coherence. More than physical fitness it provides you emotional control and balance. Based on the various stages of pregnancy, the way, the approach, the type, methods of yoga practice differs from person to person. Based on the physical conditions, the various prenatal yogas are practised. Regular practice of prenatal yoga during pregnancy
Yoga during Pregnancy
fosters healthy pregnancy and natural child birth. This also helps easing the labour pain and child birth complexities during delivery. It eases the movement of body and associated functioning which helps better stamina and strength for child birth. Scientifically proven yoga practices are beneficial for pregnancy in various ways. As easy and smooth child bearing requires physical and mental coherence, practicing of various yoga poses can help creating positive body postures. Various bodily finesses including internal and external fitness during pregnancy helps a better child birth experience. Practicing of various prenatal yoga, improves bodily functioning such as:
• Proper muscles moment and toning up • Management of joint flexibilities • Proper functioning digestive and bowel moments • Breathing exercises helps providing more oxygen • Body muscles and toning up helps increase stamina Yoga tips for the first trimester The first trimester of pregnancy is extremely important and brings in lot of changes in the body. Yoga works great during this period provided you do the right asanas in the right way. It is good to consult a professional who is well aware of the precautions and has experience teaching yoga to pregnant women. Benefits of Yoga in the First Trimester Pregnancy Practice various stages of yoga in the first trimester makes calm and relaxed and feel the bodily changes happen: physically as well as emotionally. Various anxious thoughts prop up in your mind along with morning sickness. If you are following a right yoga
in the right way, you will this help you physically and mentally.
Benefits of yoga practice during first trimester: • Decreases the blood pressure • Reduces stress • Improves sleep and digestion • Enhances flexibility • Strengthen joints and muscles • Eliminates problems in liver, kidney and digestive system • Relieves back pain • Increases stamina Pink Medico
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Yoga during Pregnancy
Yoga for first trimester
the neck and shoulders and strengthens the abdominal muscles.
• Ardha Titli Asana – Helps loosen up the joints of the hip and enable smoother and faster delivery.
• Uthanasana – Helps in strengthening middle back muscles, uterus, thighs and ankles. Relieves tension from the spine,
• Purna Titli Asana – Helps removing fatigue
neck, and back.
in legs and relaxes inner thigh muscles. By practicing this posture regularly you can
• Tadasana – Helps stretching and loosening
ease the pain related to natural childbirth.
spine and develop physical and mental balance. This asana helps improve body
• Sputa
Udarakarshan
improves
digestion
Asana – Helps and
posture and tones buttocks and abdomen.
resolves
constipation issues, and eliminates spine
• Kandhar Asana – Relieves backache and
stiffness. It also stretches the abdominal
realigns spine, massages and stretches
muscle and organs
colon improving digestion, tones female reproductive organs and is beneficial for
• Chakki Chalan Asana – Helps preparing the
those women who have a tendency to
pelvis and abdomen organs to be prepared
miscarry. Must be avoided in the very early
for pregnancy, tones up nerves. This also
stages of pregnancy.
one important postnatal exercise. • Marjari Asana – Helps making the female reproductive system healthy. This asana brings flexibility to neck, spine and shoulders. It helps improves the
If practiced under expert guidance, these yoga exercises are very beneficial during the first trimester of pregnancy. Don’t forget consult your gynaecologist before enrolling for a yoga regimen. Follow the instructions, precautions, and directions of the yoga experts to avoid any side effects of yoga.
functioning organs of the lower abdomen, including
the
digestive
system, and
Benefits of yoga in the second trimester:
intestines. • Kashta Takshan Asana – Helps tones and loosening the pelvic muscles. This also helps in loosening of hip and knee joints, which shall enable faster delivery. • Kati Chakrasana – Helps toning muscles of back, waist and hips and removes relieve physical and mental tensions. Opens up
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Practices of various yoga poses are beneficial during second trimester pregnancy for both mother and foetus. However, extra care must be put while doing the right yoga in correct manner. Vajrasana, Marjari asana, Tadasana and Matsya kridasana are some of the asanas which are beneficial during second trimester. Named as glory days, the yoga practice in second trimester is comparatively relaxed. The morning
Yoga during Pregnancy
sickness probably fades away or is on its way. This seems to be is the suitable time for for practicing prenatal yoga classes. Performing right yoga asana in right manner, you can make your energy level high too.
Precautions for Yoga during Second Trimester Pregnancy Before practicing the yoga steps consult your gynaecologist and provided the physical fitness history to the yoga instructor. While practicing yoga, ensure to check excessive heart rate, painful and vigorous exercises, lack of inhaling of oxygen and overheating body and less hydrating your body. Based on your doctor’s instructions decide if you want to go for yoga or not. If it is forbidden for your to do any exercise - bettter to avoid it You could instead go for walk and practice some simple yoga asana. Try not do yoga asana that make your abdominal muscles stretch and if there is slightest discomfort.
Yoga Asana for Second Trimester Pregnancy:
functioning organs of the lower abdomen, including
the
digestive
system, and
intestines. • Matsya Kridasana – Helps improving digestion and reduces constipation. It
• Vajrasana – Helps enhances digestion and reduces the stomach problems that are usually associated with pregnancy. It also improves the pelvic muscles and help women to combat labour pain. It helps in curing urinary problem and making the lower body flexible. • Marjari
asana – Helps
stretches the abdominal region and gives a gentle pull at the waist. • Bhadrasana – Helps in digestion and relieve stomach related problems. Regular practice of this asana helps pregnant woman for safe and smooth delivery. This also strengthened pelvis and groin
making
the
female reproductive system healthy. This asana brings flexibility to neck, spine and shoulders. It helps improves the
muscles. • Hasta Uthanasana – Removes stiffness felt in shoulders and upper back. This also improves blood circulation through the Pink Medico
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Yoga during Pregnancy
body and this enables the brain receive extra amount of oxygen. • Kati Chakrasana – Helps expansion and contraction in the neck, waist, back, and abdominal region. It also helps cure indigestion and constipation by improves bowel movement. • Meru Akarshanasana – Helps relaxes the inner thigh, hamstring, and abdominal muscles and makes sides of the body stronger and more flexible. It also helps reducing weight on hips and thighs.
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Practice of Majari Asana, Kati Chakrasana and Uthanasana are also helpful in the second trimester
balance and risking injury to yourself or your baby.
of the pregnancy.
Don't continue a poses for a long time as standing too long might slow the rate of blood flow back to the
These yogas are specially designed to help maintaining physical and mental fitness which helps in the child birth. Only precaution is to take while practice yoga is to practice these steps under guidance of a highly experienced yoga guru.
Yoga tips for the third trimester The prenatal yoga in the third trimester is most crucial as it creates bondage between the foetus and the mother. The yoga exercises are more important as the foetus being grown up senses the activities of the mother. As foetus is grown bigger, the yoga exercises in this stage are little tougher. As you gain weight in the third trimester, you need take the support of chair or the wall to maintain balance. During the 32nd week of your pregnancy, you must avoid any postures that require you to take your knees higher than hips to avoid losing your
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Yoga during Pregnancy
heart in some pregnant
Practice of Ardha Titli and Purna Titli also helpful
women.
during the 3rd trimester of the pregnancy.
Benefits of prenatal yoga in the third trimester:
Safety precautions during pregnancy As with any exercise, you need to take certain general precautions when you're pregnant.
Yoga
in
the
third
trimester helps improve
Avoid lying on your back, especially after the first
elasticity and flexibility
trimester. Lying on your back can put pressure on
body muscles so that the
your inferior vena cava (the vein that returns blood
labour pain and painful
from the legs to the heart) and reduce blood flow to
child
birth
your uterus. It can also make you feel dizzy and cause
can
be
experience eased.
The
shortness of breath and nausea.
breathing exercises help in providing more and more oxygen to foetus and
Use a wedge or pillows to raise your upper body
helps in relaxation during labour.
when you're lying down. Or limit the time you're flat on your back to one minute, and roll over onto your
• Shoulder Rotation – Helps improving circulation of blood and makes the upper back and shoulder muscles flexible. You can practice this asana with single hand and you ca use both the hands. This asana removes tension in the neck areas and makes you feel free and relaxed. • Ankle Cranks – Helps better blood circulation in legs and useful in cramping and numbness in feet and legs.
side for 30 seconds between each exercise on your back. Skip headstands and shoulder stands. "Pregnancy is not the time to start an inversion practice," says Denise. The risk of falling or feeling faint from having your head below your heart makes these poses unsafe for most pregnant women. Skip positions that require extreme stretching of the abdominal muscles. Deep forward and back
• Help in returning the stagnant lymph and venous blood. Prevent venous thrombosis especially in bedridden, post-operative patients.
bends as well as deep twists can lead to injury. Avoid stretching moves that feel uncomfortable or cause muscle soreness. Avoid doing yoga in hot, humid conditions.
• Supta Udarkarshan Asana –Helps improving digestion and eliminates constipation by stretching the abdominal muscle and organs. Helps relieving strains and stiffness caused by prolonged sitting by the twisting of the spinal muscles.
Don't take Bikram or hot yoga classes (in which the room is heated to 90 degrees or higher) because this could cause dangerous overheating, cautions
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CANCERS
Causes and Treatments
A
year after surviving the chemotherapy sessions, Vijay was recounting his sufferings before a gathering of villagers, social workers and doctors in a Maharashtra village. Covering most of the face and neck in a towel, he was addressing the over anxious villagers about the negative impacts of consuming tobacco and gutkha. Now, he is not able to see the glimpses of his dream to be lecturer and a writer. He decided to dedicate his whole life to make the people aware of the most dangerous disease, cancer. He has been appealing government for enforcing a stringent ban on tobacco products something which causes the oral cancers. He was once addicted to tobacco which changed his entire life and direction of leading healthy life.
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“
I am not blaming the government or the tobacco manufacturers. I am blaming myself for this unfortunate situation. But my sincere appeal to the people to reframe themselves from consuming tobacco and requesting the government to ban the tobacco companies. I am sure that if tobacco products are banned, people will not get chances to buy,� he said. In India, one million people die because of consuming tobacco and associated cancer. By 2020, India is likely to have over 17.3 lakh new cases of cancer and over 8.8 lakh deaths due to the disease with cancers of breast, lung and cervix topping the list.
What is cancer?
Cancer classification
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by outof-control cell growth with the potential to spread to other parts of the body. Probable signs and symptoms of cancers include a lump, prolonged cough, abnormal bleeding, unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movement. More than 100 different types of cancer are identified and classified based on the type of cell that is initially affected.
More than 100 types of cancers are diagnosed in medical science. These types are decided based on the severity, causes, symptoms and affected areas in the body. The diagnosis processes, and treatment processes of the cancers depend broadly on the types of the cancers. There are some parameters to classify the cancers. Five broad groups for classifying cancer:
Cancer affects and causes harms to body by forming lumps or masses of tissue known as tumours when altered cells divide uncontrollably. In exceptional cases like in the case of leukaemia, cancer causes abnormal cell division in the blood stream by prohibiting normal blood function. These tumours can alter body function by releasing hormones and can interfere with the digestive, nervous, and circulatory systems. Benign tumours stay in one spot and demonstrate limited growth without proper movement and spread. The process called angiogenesis and invasion help develop more dangerous, or malignant tumours. In invasion, the cancerous cell uses the blood or lymphatic systems to move throughout the body and destroys healthy tissues. Similarly, angiogenesis process enables the cell to divide and grow, making new blood vessels to feed it. However, in metastasis process, the tumour effectively spreads to different parts of the body by growing, invading and destroying other healthy tissues.
• Carcinomas: This group of cancer cells cover internal and external parts of the body like lung, breast, and colon cancer. • Sarcomas: This group of cancer cells are located in bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, muscle, and other supportive tissues. • Lymphomas: This group of cancer cells begin in the lymph nodes and immune system tissues. • Leukemias: This group of cancer cells begin in the bone marrow and often accumulate in the bloodstream. • Adenomas: This group of cancer cells arise in the thyroid, the pituitary gland, the adrenal gland, and other glandular tissues
According to World Health Organisation estimation, there were 14 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths in 2012, worldwide. By 2020, India will have over 17.3 lakh new cases of cancer and over 8.8 lakh deaths because of deadly breast, lung and cervix cancers.
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According to National Cancer Institute there are some cancers which are commonly diagnosed across the globe. • Bladder Cancer • Breast Cancer • Colon and Rectal Cancer • Endometrial Cancer • Kidney Cancer • Leukemia • Lung Cancer • Melanoma • Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma • Pancreatic Cancer • Prostate Cancer • Thyroid Cancer
Physical and mental effects of cancer The seriousness of cancer is known to the world. It not only affects you physically but also mentally, emotionally, financially, and spiritually. It provides mental agony and stress to you as well as your
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spouses, families and friends. It has been creating catastrophic concerns and severe health anxieties that have been affecting the very core of the life: mental and physical health and relationship with family and society. Holistically, this chronic disease affects human freedom, enjoyment, and relationships and emotional and mental happiness. Patients mostly experience mental agony after diagnosis and during palliative or end-of-life care. Cancer survivors and cancer patients face a traumatic experience because of the fear of the consequences of the disease. Depression and anxiety are commonly felt during cancer treatments. Many times chemotherapy causes fatigue, depression, and mental fog. Radiation can also lead to fatigue, nausea, and depression.
Psychological stress
Physical factors
Psychological stress describes what people feel when they are under mental, physical, or emotional pressure. The change in the lifestyle, routine treatment activities, and unusual treatment many times provides a mental state that leads to distress and affects the quality of the life. Cancer patient’s body responds to physical or emotional pressure through hormonal releases, increased blood pressure, heart rate, and blood sugar levels.
Various cancers treatments have direct and indirect impact on the body. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal treatment for the cancer patients have direct physical effects on the patient. Some the treatments trigger psychological changes in the patients.
Cancer factors
• Extreme fatigue • Stomach, nausea and vomiting • Fertility problems • Sexual dysfunction • Menopausal symptoms • Sleeplessness
Cancer causes lot of physical pain which affect the patient mentally and emotionally. Followings are the factors that affect the patients suffering from cancers. • Affect body parts due cancers • Limited life-expectancy • Related side effects of treatment • Frequent or severe pain • Extreme or long-lasting fatigue • Issues relating to body image
Following physical changes and issues can cause emotional problems:
Causes of cancers: Human body is made up of trillions of the cells. In regulated manners, these cells grow, divined and die which systematically managed by DNAs. In kids, this process is rapid compare to adults. In adults if this pace of growth and division of cells are rapid and uncontrollable, it causes cancers.
Risk factors for cancer Based on World Health Organization (WHO) observation, the followings are the common risk factors for cancer: •Use of tobacco •Use of alcohol • Obesity • Insufficient nutritional foods • Lack of physical activities • Chronic infections • Environmental and occupational risks • Ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
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Cancer cause agents: Chemical carcinogens: Normal cellular DNA functioning are changed due to several chemicals and environmental toxins. While mutagens cause DNA mutations and carcinogens is the cancer causing mutagens. In many cases, 90% of lung cancer is associated with tobacco smoking. It also associated with many other cancers such as lung, larynx, head, neck, stomach, bladder, kidney, oesophagus and pancreas. Ionizing radiations: Excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation, radiations due to radon gas lead to melanoma and other skin malignancies. Therapy given for one type of cancer may cause another type of cancer. For example, breast cancer can be caused by the therapy given for chest radiation. Viral and bacterial infections: Bacterial infection and some virus also cause infections with pathogen. For example, Hepatitic B and C infections cause liver cancer, Human Papilloma virus (HPV) infections causes cervical cancer; Epstein Barr virus causes Burkitt’s lymphoma, and Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastric or stomach cancer.
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Genetic or inherited cancers: Factors that lead to bone cancers, breast cancers, soft tissue sarcomas, brain cancers etc. are associated with Li-Fraumeni syndrome which includes defects in the p53 gene. Development of malignancies such as leukemia and testicular cancer are associated with Down’s syndrome Immune system dysfunction: Impaired immunity including HIV infection leads to several cancers including Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and HPV-associated malignancies such as anal cancer and cervical cancer. Cancer Causing Foods Food has a strong impact on bodily health which ultimately makes us either healthy or unhealthy. This may cure or prevent health issues or can make us unhealthy. Many cancers have strong association with our gastrointestinal system. There are many foods which causes cancer and other bodily complexities. Regularly intake of some cancer causing foods create severe cancer complexities and lead to other disease such as heart disease, diabetes, chronic inflammation, and so on. The overall wellbeing our body depends on the food and beverages we consume.
Following are the list of some caner causing foods we should strictly avoid, before, during and after cancer diagnosis, treatment and survival, respectively. • Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) • Canned Goods • Microwave Popcorn • Canned Goods • Grilled Red Meat • Refined Sugar • Salted, Pickled, and Smoked Foods • Soda and Carbonated Beverages • White Flour • Farmed Fish • Hydrogenated Oils • Soda Pop • Potato Chips • Canned Tomatoe • Hydrogenated Oils • French Fries • Farm Raised Fish • Alcohol • Artificial Sweetener • Refined Sugars • Smoked Meat • Pickled Foods • “Diet” Foods • Refined White Flour • Farmed Salmon • Processed Meats
Treatment processes: Treatment of cancer depends on various factors such as type of cancer, the stage of the cancer, age of patients, degree of issues and health status of the patients. When there is no single treatment for a cancer, patients often receive combination therapies and palliative care. Ideally surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, or gene therapy are the common treatment processes.
Surgery: This is classical ways of treating cancer which can help completely removing the cancer if it is not metastasized. They can completely remove the cancers through surgery. In many cases, we have seen doctors removing breasts, prostate or testicle in the process of curing cancers. Typically, it is impossible to remove all the cancers cells. However, medical science has been developing to introduce newer surgery technologies. One of them is iKnife that "sniffs" out cancer. In this process, surgeons also take out the marginal cells to ensure no malignant cells are left behind. Radiation: In the radiotherapy process or popularly known as radiation, doctor put high-energy ray on the cancer cells to destroy cancer. This causes damage to the molecules that make up the cancer cells and kills them. They use gamma-rays that are emitted from radium or high-energy x-rays. Advanced technologies have helped to use the rays in controlled ways to avoid side effects and stop destruction of healthy cells. Radiotherapy is used to either destroy cancer cell or shrink tumour. Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is process of the controlling cancer by utilizing chemicals that hinder the cell division process and damage the DNAs in order to kill the cells. This process is used when the cancer has spread or is metastasized so that the medicine will affect the cell division in entire body. To provide time to the body to heal between doses, chemotherapy treatment is administered in cycles. This also involves some side effects such as hair loss, nausea, fatigue, and vomiting. Immunotherapy: Empowering the immune system of the body to fight against cancer, a certain therapy aims at curing cancer which is called immunotherapy. Local
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immunotherapy involves in injecting treatment into an affected area, which may cause inflammation, for example, to shrink the tumour. In a systemic immunotherapy process, curing agent such as protein interferon alpha is administered so that it helps shrinking tumours. Researchers have also succeeded treating cancer where they introduce antibodies to the body that inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells. Hormone therapy: Certain cancers such as breast and prostate cancer have been linked to some types of hormones. Hormone therapy is aiming at altering hormone production in the body which helps stopping the growth of cancer cells or it may kill them completely. Breast cancer treatment through hormone therapies is associated with reducing estrogen levels and prostate cancer is cured by reducing testosterone levels. Moreover, hormone cortisone can treat leukemia and lymphoma. Gene therapy: In gene therapy process, the damaged genes are replaced with genes that work to address a root cause of cancer to damage the DNAs. Some of the
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gene-based therapies aim at damaging cancer cell DNAs further to an extent where the cells die. Various cancers have been creating catastrophic concerns for the human being and the generation next is getting affected by the chronic disease. The type, degree, severity, states, and affected areas of the body determine the classification, diagnosis and treatments. Many times, combination of multiple therapies are administered to cure and subdue the effect of the cancer. Though all the cancers are not curable completely or even controlled, the modern medical technology has emerged with many treatment processes, methodologies and ways. These processes are identified to reduce physical pain, stop mental agony, eradiate social stigma and entertain healthy family relationships. It was rightly said that prevention is better than cure. We have to change our lifestyle, manage our obesity, and be choosy for foods and stick to regular physical activities to prevent and control cancers.
RNI Ref No: MAG(1)/NPT/258/2016-2017