Jan 2009
Ballast Water Treatment
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Content Ballast water
• • • •
a global problem IMO convention implementation timeframe actual status
RWO’s CleanBallast solution
• • • •
the system system testing actual certification key features
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Ballast water
Ballast water is essential for stability, trim and structural integrity of ships Up-to 10 billion tonnes of ballast water moved annually; ~7,000 species being carried in ballast tanks around the world !!!
Marine organisms may become invaders when discharged into alien environments Untreated discharge of ballast water causes serious ecological damage and potential harm to human health -3-
Many examples of catastrophic introductions around the world, e.g.: Zebra Mussel - USA Asian Kelp - Australia N.A. Jelly fish - Black Sea Chinese Mitten Crab - Germany Red Tide Algae - various countries
Ballast water ď ľ In 2004 the IMO (International Maritime Organization) decided for onboard ballast water treatment. ď ľ Timeframe for implementation: between 2010*) and 2016, depending on time of keel laying and ballast tank capacity. *) at the earliest, as ratification necessary by 30 states, representing at least 35% of world merchant shipping tonnage (actually signed by 18 states, representing 15.4 %)
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Ballast water
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IMO BW Convention D-2
Ballast Water treatment performance standard D-2 Ships shall discharge: less than 10 viable organisms 50 µm in minimum size per m³ less than 10 viable organisms 10 µm and < 50 µm in minimum size per ml and certain numbers for indicator microbes (Vibrio cholerae, E. coli, Enterococcus)
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Implementation timeframe Constr. Date
BW tank cap., m³
< 2009
1,500 – 5,000
< 2009
< 1,500 > 5,000
2009
< 5,000
2009 < 2012
5,000
2012
5,000
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
D2
D2
allowance period *)
D2
D2
D2
*) IMO resolution at the 25th IMO Assembly: vessels constructed in 2009 will be allowed to go until their second survey before they have to fit approved systems, providing they are fitted by 31.12.2011. Vessels built in 2010 will be considered further by the MEPC at its 59th session.
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Jan 2009
Ballast Water Treatment CleanBallast
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Advanced solution
R & D for CleanBallast since 2003 Designed for and tested in real life conditions fast and reliable ballast water production, no additional waiting time or harbour costs
Highest reduction of sediment load no loss of cargo weight, no expensive tank cleaning
Lowest pressure loss no or only lowest additional CapEx for ballast water pump, low OpEx
Lowest power consumption no additional CapEx for periphery equipment (e.g. additional power generator), low OpEx
Continuous intensity and ballast water production No increase in corrosion or material damage Working in all kind of waters -9-
More than standards CleanBallast system testing
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CleanBallast system testing
► RWO site chosen to ensure tests were conducted in ‘real life’ conditions ► Realistic high sediment load > 300 mg/L TSS ► Four different locations in river, brackish and seawater ► Long-term land based testing with over 10,000 hours of operation
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Bremerhaven, inner harbour
Pilot plant
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Sediment loads during tests
IMO: River/Freshw.:> 50 mg/l Seawater: > 1 mg/l
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Sediment loads during tests
average IMO:
280 mg/l TSS
River/Freshw.:> 50 mg/l Seawater: > 1 mg/l
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CleanBallast CleanBallast: 2 stage ballast water treatment Ballast water uptake: 1. advanced mechanical separation (DiskFilter) 2. EctoSys速 - disinfection max. 2 mg/L TRO Ballast water discharge: 1. by-passing DiskFilter system 2. EctoSys速 - disinfection - 15 -
Actual ballast water systems DiskFilter unit
EctoSys速 disinfection valve position open close
ballast water pump
sea chest
ballast water tanks - 16 -
CleanBallast - ballasting DiskFilter unit
EctoSys速 disinfection valve position open close
ballast water pump
sea chest
ballast water tanks - 17 -
CleanBallast â&#x20AC;&#x201C; de-ballasting DiskFilter unit
EctoSysÂŽ disinfection valve position open close
ballast water pump
ballast water tanks - 18 -
Advanced mechanical separation The DiskFilter solution
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DiskFilter characteristics
► Modular system ► Uses highly effective and proven DiskFilter technology (Arkal inside) ► Automatic backwashing ► No flow interruption ► Low pressure loss ► High ballast water production even at high sediment loads (> 300 mg/l)
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DiskFilter principle Advantages of in-depth-filtration! Grooves Filter fineness: 50 Âľm
Disc 1
Stopping points
Disc 2
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Performances / production
ballast water production [%]
120
RWO DiskFilter
100 80
Hydrocyclone
60 Continuously loosing inlet water
40
Competitor Filter: 1
20
Competitor Filter: 2 Fast blocking
0
0
50
100
150
sediment load in ballast water
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200
250
DiskFilter Based on proven filtration principles
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DiskFilter design Modular Filtration System
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Disinfection by advanced electrolysis
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EctoSys® - advantages
Requires electrical power only; low power consumption 0.008 – 0.1 kWh/m³ Minimum footprint < 1 m² (500 m3/h)
No waiting time
Safe for crew and vessel No increase of corrosion
Significant higher efficiency than UV-system Requires lower concentration of residual oxidants
Low pressure loss
Works also in fresh water - 26 -
EctoSys® - disinfection
Only H2O and current necessary Production of OH-radicals OH• are extremely reactive; having highest oxidation potential
► Brackish / seawater: mixed disinfectants, chlorine and OH• ► Fresh / river water: only OH•
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EctoSys速 - oxidation Highest oxidation potential ! Disinfectant
Reactions
Oxidation potential (Volt)
OH-radicals
OH + H+ + e- = H2O
2.80
Ozone
O3 + 2H+ + 2e- = H2O +O2
2.07
Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 + 2H+ + 2e- = 2 H2O
1.77
Chlorine dioxide
ClO2 + e- = Cl- + O2
1.50
Chlorine
Cl2 + 2e- = 2 Cl-
1.36
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Algae Monitor
► New monitoring instrument for control ► Measurement of viable phytoplankton in effluent ► Controls the disinfection process of EctoSys® by direct feed-back ► Minimization of disinfectant concentration at ballast water discharge
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CleanBallast Key Features
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Key Features
Modular design
Designed for and tested in real-life
Advanced particle separation << 50 µm
Optimized at high TSS load (>300mg/l)
Low system pressure loss < 1.2 bar (0.6 - 1.2)
Low power consumption 0.008 – 0.1 kWh/m³
Easily adaptable to each kind of vessel
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Future avoidance of sediment accumulation in the BW tanks!
Key Features
Self cleaning filter without flow interruption Fast ballast water production at high sediment load Flexible and highly efficient disinfection High level of automation; configured for local and/or remote operation No increase in corrosion Safe for crew, ship and environment
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Orders ď ľ At present two orders under execution for totally 40 units
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Status of certification Actual status related to CleanBallast
Necessary Steps Basic approval of active substance
Successfully concluded
Land based test
Successfully concluded
Final approval of active substance
2nd application re-submitted for final evaluation. Approval expected in July 2009
Shipboard test
6 months test series started in February with completion expected September 2009
Type approval certificate (expected Oct. 2009, i.e. well ahead before IMO BW-convention will come into force)
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Chemical corrosion
ď ľ
Longterm corrosion tests by independent approved corrosion test institute
ď ľ
Germanischer Lloyd issued certificate on compatibility of the CleanBallast system with epoxy based ballast water tank coating systems
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To be observed …… …….. in product selection and design:
Power consumptions, for
• ballast water treatment system itself (big differences) • ballast water pumps (due to p)
Total space, for
• ballast water treatment components • maintenance area • any peripheral equipment (incl. ballast water pumps, •
additional power generator (required by some products)) storage area for consumables (e.g. for operational chemicals required by some products in big quantities)
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To be observed …… …….. in product selection and design:
Products designed for and tested in real life conditions
Total costs, incl.
• ballast water treatment components • peripheral equipment (bigger ballast water pumps (due to p; additional generator required by some products)
• evaluation of lost footprint due to - storage area for consumables and - bigger peripherial equipment
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Conclusion - CleanBallast CleanBallast system is developed, designed and tested at real ballasting locations Sediment load by far exceeded the minimum requirements defined for type approval testing Advanced particle removal by DiskFilter Advanced EctoSys® electrolysis, working in all kind of water Modular system for newbuildings and retrofittings Extremely low power consumption - 38 -
Thank you for your attention
RWO Marine Water Technology Thalenhorststrasse 15A 28307 Bremen, Germany Tel.: +49 421 53 70 50 - Fax: +49 421 53 70 540 Email: rwo@veoliawater.com www.rwo.de - 39 -