SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 343
“Humanitarian Aid”
Special Eurobarometer 343
European Commission
Humanitarian Aid Report
Fieldwork: February – March 2010
Special Eurobarometer 343 / Wave 73.2 – TNS Opinion & Social
Publication: July 2010
This survey was requested by the Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG ECHO) and coordinated by the Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM “Research and Speechwriting” Unit) This document does not represent the point of view of the European Commission. The interpretations and opinions contained in it are solely those of the authors. 1
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 343
“Humanitarian Aid”
Eurobarometer 73.2
Humanitarian Aid
Conducted by TNS Opinion & Social at the request of the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection (DG ECHO) Survey coordinated by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Communication (DG COMM “Research and Speechwriting” Unit)
TNS Opinion & Social Avenue Herrmann Debroux, 40 1160 Brussels Belgium 2
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER 343
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Table of contents
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................4 1.
AWARENESS OF HUMANITARIAN AID .....................................................7
1.1.
Awareness of organisations that give on-the-ground support ...........7
1.2.
Awareness of organisations that are financing the aid ....................15
2. KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION OF EU HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIVITIES ...................................................................................................21 2.1.
Awareness of EU humanitarian aid activities ...................................21
2.2.
Information on EU humanitarian aid activities ................................24
3. IMPORTANCE OF EU HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIVITIES ..............................30 4. COMMON OR NATIONAL APPROACH TO HUMANITARIAN AID? ..................34 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................38
ANNEXES TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS QUESTIONNAIRE TABLES
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INTRODUCTION In recent years, there have been a number of major natural and man-made disasters which, through global media coverage, have brought extreme images of suffering into people’s homes around the world. Just a few months ago, on 12 January 2010, shortly before the fieldwork for this current report was started, a 7.3 Richter magnitude earthquake struck Haiti, which triggered a large global aid response. Images of this disaster would still have been fresh in the minds of citizens when polled between 26 February and 17 March. This special Eurobarometer looks at four major issues: ♦
Awareness of
humanitarian
aid:
this section
looks
at
respondents’
awareness of organisations that provide the actual aid at the scene of a disaster, as well as at the bodies who provide the finance to fund these aid activities. ♦
Knowledge and information on EU humanitarian aid activities: this section examines EU citizens’ knowledge of EU involvement in such activities and assesses whether citizens believe they have enough information.
♦
Importance of EU humanitarian aid activities: EU citizens are asked whether they consider the EU’s activities in these areas to be important.
♦
Common or national approach to humanitarian aid: citizens of the 27 EU Member States were polled as to whether they believed it would be more efficient if aid were provided by Member States on an individual basis or provided by the EU through the European Commission.
The report looks at views held generally across the EU, how these views vary from country to country, significant variations by gender, age, education and other sociodemographic variables.
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Importantly, it looks how attitudes have changed over recent years by comparing the results of this survey with the previous Eurobarometer on humanitarian aid, namely EB65.4 (special EB268) conducted in the summer of 2006. The report then produces a conclusion on the attitudes of EU citizens on these issues of humanitarian aid and suggests possible ways forward. **** The results of this report come from the special Eurobarometer no 343 conducted by TNS Opinion & Social network from the 26th of February to the 17th of March 2010. All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people’s homes and in the appropriate national languages. The methodology is consistent with that used in Standard Eurobarometer polls managed by the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Communication (‘Research and Speechwriting’ unit). A technical note on the manner in which interviews were conducted is appended as an annex to this report. This note indicates the interview methods and the confidence intervals.
The Eurobarometer web site can be consulted at the following address: http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/index_en.htm
We would like to take the opportunity to thank all the respondents across the continent who have given of their time to take part in this survey. Without their active participation, this study would simply not have been possible.
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The 27 EU Member States are included in this survey together with non-EU member Iceland. These countries are represented by their official abbreviations in this report. The abbreviations used correspond to:
*
EU27
ABBREVIATIONS European Union – 27 Member States
DK/NA
Don’t know / No answer
BE BG CZ DK DE EE EL ES FR IE IT CY LT LV LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK
Belgium Bulgaria Czech Republic Denmark Germany Estonia Greece Spain France Ireland Italy Republic of Cyprus* Lithuania Latvia Luxembourg Hungary Malta The Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden The United Kingdom
IS
Iceland
Data presented in the report are exclusively those of Germany as a whole. However, data for "East" and
"West" Germany are also available in the data tables.
**
Cyprus as a whole is one of the 27 European Union Member States. However, the “acquis communautaire”
is suspended in the part of the country that is not controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus. For practical reasons, only the interviews conducted in the part of the country controlled by the government of the Republic of Cyprus are recorded in the category “CY” and included in the EU27 average.
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1. AWARENESS OF HUMANITARIAN AID This chapter looks first at European citizens’ awareness of organisations that provide ground support in humanitarian aid (QB11) and, secondly, of organisations that fund such activities (QB22). 1.1.
Awareness of organisations that give on-the-ground support
To begin with, respondents were asked to name organisations involved in providing on-the-ground humanitarian aid. The names of organisations were not read out to the respondents, but mentioned spontaneously by them. Across the EU, the vast majority (85%) of citizens could quote at least one organisation providing humanitarian aid onthe-ground. These figures rise to almost total coverage in Denmark and Slovenia (both 97%) and figures of 96% and 95% are noted in Sweden and the Netherlands respectively.
1 QB1 Can you name some organisations involved in providing humanitarian aid? By providing aid, we mean that they provide on the ground support. 2 QB2 And now, can you name any organisations that are funding humanitarian aid? By funding, we mean that they provide financial support to humanitarian aid.
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The proportion of respondents that were able to name organisations that provide onthe-ground support is also remarkably high in Belgium (94%), Luxembourg (93%), Finland (93%), Germany (92%) and Austria (91%). Even in the lowest scoring countries Lithuania (67%), Estonia (68%) and Malta (68%) more than two-thirds of respondents were able to name a minimum of one organisation involved in this field. Respondents in Iceland are also very aware of organisations that provide humanitarian aid on the ground and as many as 91% of respondents could mention an organisation involved in such activities.
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Three bodies are frequently mentioned when respondents are asked to name an organisation that provide on-the-ground support, namely the Red Cross, the United Nations’ Children’s Fund (UNICEF) and non-governmental organisations. About a seventh (15%) of EU citizens could not name any organisation involved in such activities (No 4%) or did not know what to answer (Don’t know 11%).
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
Turning first to the Red Cross, nearly two-thirds (64%) of EU respondents cited this organisation as a provider of humanitarian aid in the sense of on-the-ground support. There are, however, major variations by country, ranging from 91% in Slovenia to 39% of respondents in Malta. The second most frequently cited organisation is the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), which slightly more than a third (36%) of EU citizens mention. This average figure is made up of percentages ranging from 56% in Italy to 9% in Latvia. In addition to the Red Cross and UNICEF, a fifth (20%) of respondents mentions nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) including any charities not mentioned in
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the list of our questionnaire. Again, huge national differences are notable, ranging from 54% in Denmark to 4% in Lithuania. The European Union and EU bodies - the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO) - are mentioned by noteworthy numbers of respondents across the EU. This is interesting insofar as, in reality, the EU is not delivering humanitarian aid on the ground but that the Commission calls itself an "active donor" with around 100 ECHO experts permanently based in humanitarian crisis hotspots around the globe. While about a tenth of respondents (9%) name the European Union as a provider of humanitarian aid on the ground, there are substantial variations, ranging from 24% in Bulgaria and Romania and 23% in Slovakia to just 2% in Finland and 1% in France. The European Commission, which de facto is not delivering on-the-ground support but is present in the field through its network of ECHO experts, is seen to be providing such assistance in the eyes of 3% of the poll. The biggest contributors to this average are 9% in Romania and 13% in Bulgaria. It should be noted that the recent nomination of a Bulgarian as the Commissioner for Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection may have influenced these high results in Bulgaria. Moreover, the European Commission’s humanitarian aid department (ECHO) was mentioned by 3% of the poll with 14% in Slovakia and 8% in Belgium and Hungary being the highest figures. One quarter of the respondents mentioned ‘other organisations’ (26%).
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11
“Humanitarian Aid”
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If we aggregate all European organisations3 mentioned as
providing on-the-ground
humanitarian aid, a relatively modest but important proportion (12%) of the poll cite this body. However, there were countries, such as Slovakia, Bulgaria (both 32%) and Romania (27%) where this figure rises to a third of that country’s poll. Fewer mentions of EU institutions are noted in France (2%) and the Nordic countries (4-5%). The fact remains that while the EU does not actually carry out aid activities, it is an important donor with a number of humanitarian aid experts on the ground, who closely follow situations and monitor the use of funds.
3 These results presents the percentage of respondents that mentioned at least one of the following items in QB1: 1) The European Union, 2) The European Commission, 3) The European Commission’s Humanitarian
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Turning to the socio-demographic breakdown of the above results, a few interesting findings should be noted. For example, education is a major determinant in citizens’ knowledge of these organisations. Looking at the least educated segment, 55% named the Red Cross, 24% named UNICEF and 15% named NGOs. However, when the responses of the most educated (finished academic studies at age 20 or older) are analysed, these figures rise to 72% for the Red Cross, 46% for UNICEF and 29% for NGOs. Similar variations are noted by occupation. Amongst managers compared with house persons, for example, there was a noticeable difference with figures of 75% and 60% concerning the Red Cross, 48% and 35% (UNICEF) and 31% and 16% for NGOs. Age also appears to be a determinant for respondents’ awareness of humanitarian aid organisations. In general, respondents aged 25-54 years are more aware of these matters than both the youngest and oldest citizens polled. Also self-positioning on the social staircase seems relatively important in this regard. People who place themselves low on the social staircase are less aware of humanitarian aid organisations than those who view themselves to be of a higher social standing.
Aid department (ECHO) 13
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1.2.
“Humanitarian Aid”
Awareness of organisations that are financing the aid
Having explored Europeans’ awareness of organisations that deliver humanitarian aid on-the-ground, we turn to examine respondents’ acquaintance with organisations that are providing the financial support for such activities (QB24). Whereas an average of 85% of respondents are able to mention at least one organisation involved in providing humanitarian aid on-the-ground, a lower percentage of 72% are able to name one or more organisations active in financing humanitarian aid. Figures of 85% and above are observed in the Nordic EU countries, the Netherlands, Belgium, Austria and Slovenia.
4 QB2 And now, can you name any organisations that are funding humanitarian aid? By funding, we mean that they provide financial support to humanitarian aid.
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A lower degree of awareness, however still a relative majority, is noted among respondents in Estonia (47%), Latvia (51%) and Lithuania (53%) while respondents in Iceland (76%) show a relatively high level of awareness. Turning now to what actual organisations respondents associate with funding humanitarian aid, the Red Cross and UNICEF are once more in the lead, with national governments coming third together with the European Union and EU bodies.
(MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE)
The Red Cross, as an organisation funding humanitarian aid, is mentioned by 42% of EU citizens. A quarter (27%) of EU citizens sees UNICEF as a provider of financial support for humanitarian aid. Their own national government is quoted by 18% of EU respondents. In comparison, the United States are mentioned by 7% of them and any EU Member States governments by 6%. At national level we can note a wide division of opinion: respondents in the Netherlands (41%), Denmark (39%) and Austria (38%) all saw
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their national governments as important donors in this field. At the other end of the spectrum, figures of just 7% were noted in France, Latvia and Malta. An additional 16% of respondents gave the name of another organisation not specifically listed in this survey, ranging from 47% in Sweden to 0% in Bulgaria.
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18
“Humanitarian Aid”
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“Humanitarian Aid”
Again, if we aggregate mentions for the European Union or an EU body5, it shows that nearly a fifth (18%) of respondents name one of these in connection with funding humanitarian aid. This puts the European Union and its bodies in third place together with the national governments. High figures are reported in Bulgaria and Slovakia (both 42%) and Austria (39%). At the other end of the scale comes France with just 5%. It is particularly the European Union as such that is quoted, but mentions of more specific units such as the European Commission or the European Commission’s Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO) are also reported.
5
These results presents the percentage of respondents that mentioned at least one of the following items in QB2: 1) The European Union, 2) The European Commission, 3) The European Commission’s Humanitarian 19
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Compared with the 18% figure noted above, only 7% of respondents in the 2006 survey mentioned the EU or an EU body once or more in respect to organisations or institutions involved in or funding humanitarian aid6. Please note however that this comparison should be made with reservation as the question in 2006 was phrased differently. A socio-demographic breakdown of results suggests similar patterns as were noted for Europeans’ awareness of organisations that provide on-the-ground support. Turning first to age, the results show that the youngest respondents (15-24) and the oldest (55+) are the least likely to be able to name organisations that are providing financial support for humanitarian aid. Again education stands out as a key determinant of knowledge in this area. Amongst those educated to age 20 or more, 46% named the Red Cross, 33% UNICEF, 23% the national government and 18% the European Union. Fewer mentions are recorded among those that left education at age 15 or less.
Aid department (ECHO) 6 QF3 Special EB268: Could you please name some organizations or institutions involved in or funding humanitarian aid? 20
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2. KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION OF EU HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIVITIES In this section, we look at how knowledgeable and informed EU citizens feel about the humanitarian aid activities of the EU. Firstly, citizens are asked whether they are aware that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside its borders (QB37). We then look into how informed respondents feel (QB48) and the importance respondents attach to having information on this matter (QB69). 2.1.
Awareness of EU humanitarian aid activities
The first question measures how aware citizens are of the fact that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside its borders, via the European Commission and its humanitarian aid department (ECHO). Although the majority (51%) claims that they do not know about the EU’s work in this regard, as many as 43% of respondents are aware of the EU’s humanitarian aid activities.
7
QB3 Do you know that the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO), funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside the European Union? 8 QB4 How well informed do you think you are about the European Union humanitarian aid activities? 9 QB6 How important do you think it is that European citizens are informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO)?
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Looking more into detail of the 43% of citizens who are aware of the EU’s financial support of humanitarian aid in third countries, high figures are reported in Luxembourg (72%), Belgium (58%), France and Malta (both 55%). At the same time, the proportions of aware respondents constitute only about a third in Greece and Hungary (both 33%), Romania and non-EU member Iceland (both 28%).
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A socio-demographic analysis of these results reveals interesting results. More than half (53%) of the most educated category are aware of this fact compared with just a third (35%) of those who had left school aged 15 or less. Similar variations are seen when self-positioning on the social ladder is the criterion. Knowledge of this EU activity is claimed by just 36% on the lower rungs compared with 46% of those deeming themselves to be at the higher end of the social scale. Age and gender also have an effect, but to a lesser degree. More men (45%) than women (40%) claim to be informed about the EU’s financial support of humanitarian aid outside its borders. It also shows that the older age bands aged 40-55+ are somewhat better informed than younger respondents.
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2.2.
“Humanitarian Aid�
Information on EU humanitarian aid activities
When respondents are asked how well informed they consider themselves to be about the humanitarian aid activities of the European Union (QB410), 2% consider themselves to be very well-informed, 16% to be fairly well informed, 50% not very well informed and nearly a third (31%) not at all informed.
Of those that do consider themselves to be informed on this activity of the EU, the highest figures are noted in Luxembourg where 6% feel very well informed and 39% fairly well informed. On the other hand, four out of ten respondents in Greece (41%), Latvia (40%), Hungary (39%) and Romania (38%),don't consider themselves at all informed on this issue.
10
QB4 How well informed do you think you are about the European Union humanitarian aid activities? 24
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A socio-demographic breakdown reveals similar patterns as previously noted. Education is, once again, the main influencing force. While 15% of the least educated respondents claim to be well-informed, the figure rises to 21% amongst those educated to age 20 or beyond. There is also noteworthy variation based upon a self-assessed position on the social ladder. Twice as many (24%) at the higher level claimed to be well-informed compared with just 12% of those at the lower level.
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Having studied how knowledgeable respondents feel about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union, we now turn to the importance respondents attach to being informed about this matter (QB611). Despite the lack of knowledge many EU citizens perceive, the results show that respondents see the EU funding of humanitarian aid activities as an important issue on which they should be kept informed. In fact, more than a third (38%) sees this as very important and a further 48% deem it as being fairly important. Together these figures indicate that nearly nine out of ten EU citizens (86%) consider it important to be informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union.
Inner pie: EB65.4 (Summer 2006) – EU25 Outer pie: EB73.2 (Winter 2010) – EU27
At the national level, particularly high figures are reported in Malta (96%), Cyprus (95%) and Finland (94%). In contrast, relatively low figures are noted in Estonia (77%), Latvia (76%) and Lithuania (74%).
11 QB6 How important do you think it is that European citizens are informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO)?
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The figures observed for the EU average in this survey are virtually identical to those noted in EB65.4 and show only a minimal decrease by 1 percentage point in citizens considering this information as important. A positive shift of 5 percentage points is noted among respondents in Hungary, Cyprus, Italy and Finland. By contrast, the perceived importance of being informed on this matter has decreased by 6 percentage points in Romania and Greece and by five percentage points in Poland, the Czech Republic and Germany.
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Comparison with EB wave 65.4 (EU25), June-July 2006
A socio-demographic analysis of the results reveals few relevant differences, but it should be noted that those with a higher level of education (91%) attach greater importance to being informed than those with a lower education level (83%).
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3. IMPORTANCE OF EU HUMANITARIAN AID ACTIVITIES Citizens were asked how important it is that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities outside the European Union (QB512). Our results show that 79% of EU citizens see the Union’s presence in this area as either very or fairly important. Almost a third (31%) of EU citizens views this as being very important. A further 14% view this activity of the EU to be of less importance, with only 4% saying it is not at all important. A further 3% report that it depends on the country and 4% cannot form an opinion on the matter.
Inner pie: EB65.4 (Summer 2006) – EU25 Outer pie: EB73.2 (Winter 2010) – EU27
At the national level, four of the Mediterranean countries appear as the strongest supporters for EU funded humanitarian aid and respondents in Cyprus (95%), Greece (91%), Malta (90%) and Portugal (89%) all show staunch support for the Union’s presence in such activities. Similarly high figures are also noted in other parts of the EU with 86% of respondents in Sweden, Luxembourg, Finland and Slovenia perceiving this as important.
12 QB5 How important do you think it is that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities outside the European Union?
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Respondents in Lithuania (68%), Austria and Latvia (both 70%) are only slightly less convinced that it is important that the EU funds humanitarian aid activities outside its borders. Worthy of note is also that a high percentage of Icelandic respondents (86%) see this activity as important.
The percentage of respondents that see the funding by the EU of humanitarian aid projects outside the Union as being important (79%) has decreased by 9 percentage points since the previous survey four years ago (88% in EB65.4, summer 2006). Although we can only speculate about the reasons for this decline, it might be reasonable to assume that the financial and economic crisis throughout the EU has had a dampening effect on public attitudes in this area. 31
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When turning to the national level, we can note a noticeable decrease in support for the European Union funding humanitarian aid activities outside the 27 Member States. A particularly large decrease is seen in Latvia (-18), Lithuania (-15), the UK, Belgium, Denmark, Poland and Romania (all -14). Only in Cyprus has the figure remained the same.
Comparison with EB wave 65.4 (EU25), June-July 2006
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A socio-demographic analysis of the results shows that there are a couple of factors with noticeable relevance. With regard to education, the results show that 84% of the most educated consider EU funding of humanitarian aid outside its borders as important, whereas this figure drops to just 73% among those who left school aged 15 or less. As might be anticipated on a question about spending money, personal financial situation plays a role. Accordingly, 73% of those who regularly have problems paying their bills think that it is important that the EU funds humanitarian aid outside its borders, compared with 81% of those that never face financial difficulties. It should be noted, however, that a large majority within both groups supports the EU in funding humanitarian aid activities.
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4. COMMON OR NATIONAL APPROACH TO HUMANITARIAN AID? Having concluded that respondents deem humanitarian aid activities outside its borders as an important aspect of EU policy and that they wish to be informed about these activities , we now investigate whether EU citizens favour a common or national approach
to
humanitarian
aid.
Respondents
were
therefore
asked
whether
humanitarian aid would be more efficient if it was provided separately by each Member State or jointly by the European Union through the European Commission (QB713). The results show that a majority (58%) of EU respondents favours a common approach where aid is provided jointly through the EU. A quarter (24%) thinks that humanitarian aid should be provided by each Member State and a further 5% favours neither one nor the other. As many as 13% of respondents are unable to give an opinion on the matter.
Inner pie: EB65.4 (Summer 2006) – EU25 Outer pie: EB73.2 (Winter 2010) – EU27
At country level, the strongest support for a common approach is found in Cyprus (71%), Spain and Portugal (both 68%).
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The concept of common action attracts less support in Ireland and Romania (both 43%) as well as Lithuania (46%), but even in these countries this approach is supported by a relative majority. A national approach to humanitarian aid is only favoured by a minority across the EU, reaching its highest figure in the Czech Republic (33%), Slovenia and the UK (both 32%).
Respondents in non-EU member Iceland
report equal support for both approaches with 43% favouring the national level and 42% supporting a common approach.
13 QB7 Would you say that humanitarian aid is more efficient if provided by each Member State of the European Union separately or if it is provided by the European Union through the European Commission?
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Compared with the previous survey EB65.4 (summer 2006), little change is noted for the EU average. Support for the view that humanitarian aid is more efficiently provided by individual Member States has decreased slightly (-2 percentage points), while support for the joint action route has increased by 2 percentage points. At the national level, we can note more of a volatile situation with noteworthy shifts in opinion across several Member States. Large positive shifts in the support for a common approach are noted in Bulgaria and Spain (both +12) and Cyprus (+11) whereas a significant decrease is reported in Greece (-9) and Belgium (-8).
Comparison with EB wave 65.4 (EU25), June-July 2006
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Looking at the socio-demographic results amongst those supporting the joint approach, variations are only really noted by education. It shows that the common approach receives more support from those that left education after the age of 20 (63%), compared with those who had left school at the earliest opportunity (54%). More influential in this regard are the respondent’s attitudes to the EU’s work in this field. Among those respondents who think it is important that the EU is involved in humanitarian aid, 63% favour a common action. This should be compared with 44% among those that view the involvement of the EU in humanitarian aid as unimportant. A similar variation was observed amongst those who deem it important to be informed on these programmes: 62% support joint EU action, which should be compared with 42% of those believing this information flow to be unimportant.
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CONCLUSION This report has examined current European attitudes to humanitarian aid in general, and to the European Union’s humanitarian aid activities in particular. The results of this study show that European citizens are fairly well aware of organisations that provide on-the-ground humanitarian aid (85%). Respondents are a little less knowledgeable about organisations that provide the funding for humanitarian aid activities, but still three quarters (72%) do know. The two organisations that received the highest number of mentions in both instances are the Red Cross and the United Nations’ Children’s Fund (UNICEF). With respect to funding of humanitarian aid activities, the European Union and its bodies are mentioned spontaneously by 18% of the respondents which place them in third position together with the national governments. More specifically, 43% of EU citizens know that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside its borders, via the European Commission and its humanitarian aid department (ECHO). When respondents are asked how well informed they consider themselves to be about the humanitarian aid activities of the European Union, 18% consider themselves to be well-informed, 50% not very well informed and 31% not informed at all. Nonetheless, humanitarian aid is an area which the great majority (79%) of EU citizens sees as important. An even larger majority of citizens - 86% - consider it important that they are informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union. European citizens also have a clear opinion on how humanitarian aid should be administered. A majority (58%) of EU citizens think that humanitarian aid is more efficient if provided jointly by the European Union through the European Commission. Humanitarian aid activities that are managed separately by each Member State are perceived as less effective by a relative majority of citizens in all Member States.
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ANNEXES
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N°343 “Humanitarian Aid”
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Between the 26th of February and the 17th of March 2010, TNS Opinion & Social, a consortium created between TNS plc and TNS opinion, carried out wave 73.2 of the EUROBAROMETER, on request of the EUROPEAN COMMISSION, Directorate-General for Communication, “Research and Speechwriting”. The SPECIAL EUROBAROMETER N°343 is part of wave 73.2 and covers the population of the respective nationalities of the European Union Member States, resident in each of the Member States and aged 15 years and over. The EUROBAROMETER 73.2 has also been conducted in Iceland. In this country, the survey covers the national population of citizens and the population of citizens of all the European Union Member States that are residents in this country and have a sufficient command of the national language to answer the questionnaire. The basic sample design applied in all states is a multi-stage, random (probability) one. In each country, a number of sampling points was drawn with probability proportional to population size (for a total coverage of the country) and to population density. In order to do so, the sampling points were drawn systematically from each of the "administrative regional units", after stratification by individual unit and type of area. They thus represent the whole territory of the countries surveyed according to the EUROSTAT NUTS II (or equivalent) and according to the distribution of the resident population of the respective nationalities in terms of metropolitan, urban and rural areas. In each of the selected sampling points, a starting address was drawn, at random. Further addresses (every Nth address) were selected by standard "random route" procedures, from the initial address. In each household, the respondent was drawn, at random (following the "closest birthday rule"). All interviews were conducted face-to-face in people's homes and in the appropriate national language. As far as the data capture is concerned, CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Interview) was used in those countries where this technique was available.
ABBREVIATIONS
COUNTRIES
INSTITUTES
BE BG CZ DK DE EE IE EL ES FR IT CY LV LT LU HU MT NL AT PL PT RO SI SK FI SE UK
Belgium Bulgaria Czech Rep. Denmark Germany Estonia Ireland Greece Spain France Italy Rep. of Cyprus Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Hungary Malta Netherlands Austria Poland Portugal Romania Slovenia Slovakia Finland Sweden United Kingdom
TNS Dimarso TNS BBSS TNS Aisa TNS Gallup DK TNS Infratest Emor MRBI TNS ICAP TNS Demoscopia TNS Sofres TNS Infratest Synovate TNS Latvia TNS Gallup Lithuania TNS ILReS TNS Hungary MISCO TNS NIPO Österreichisches Gallup-Institut TNS OBOP TNS EUROTESTE TNS CSOP RM PLUS TNS AISA SK TNS Gallup Oy TNS GALLUP TNS UK
IS
Iceland
Capacent
TOTAL EU27
N° INTERVIEWS
FIELDWORK DATES
POPULATION 15+
1032 1005 1022 1004 1573 1000 1014 1000 1006 1053 1044 505 1008 1016 505 1040 500 1010 1009 1000 1032 1054 1005 1032 1005 1004 1322
26/02 26/02 02/03 26/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 27/02 27/02 26/02 26/02 27/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 27/02 27/02 26/02 26/02 26/02 27/02 26/02 26/02
14/03 08/03 14/03 16/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 13/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 12/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 14/03 15/03 10/03 14/03 12/03 17/03 14/03 15/03
8.866.411 6.584.957 8.987.535 4.533.420 64.545.601 916.000 3.375.399 8.693.566 39.035.867 47.620.942 51.252.247 651.400 1.448.719 2.849.359 404.907 8.320.614 335.476 13.288.200 6.973.277 32.306.436 8.080.915 18.246.731 1.748.308 4.549.954 4.412.321 7.723.931 51.081.866
504
26/02
16/03
252.277
26800
26/02
17/03
406.834.359
For each country a comparison between the sample and the universe was carried out. The Universe description was derived from Eurostat population data or from national statistics offices. For all countries surveyed, a national weighting procedure, using marginal and intercellular weighting, was carried out based on this Universe description. In all countries, gender, age, region and size of locality were introduced in the iteration procedure. For international weighting (i.e. EU averages), TNS Opinion & Social applies the official population figures as provided by EUROSTAT or national statistic offices. The total population figures for input in this post-weighting procedure are listed above. Readers are reminded that survey results are estimations, the accuracy of which, everything being equal, rests upon the sample size and upon the observed percentage. With samples of about 1,000 interviews, the real percentages vary within the following confidence limits:
Observed percentages
10% or 90%
20% or 80%
30% or 70%
40% or 60%
50%
Confidence limits
± 1.9 points
± 2.5 points
± 2.7 points
± 3.0 points
± 3.1 points
QUESTIONNAIRE
Passons maintenant à un autre sujet.
Now let's talk to another topic.
QB1
Can you name some organisations involved in providing humanitarian aid? By providing aid, we mean that they provide on the ground support.
QB1
Pouvez-vous me citer les noms d’organisations qui sont actives dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire ? Par être actives, nous voulons dire qu’elles interviennent sur le terrain.
(DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – CODE USING THE LIST BELOW – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (449-463) 1, Red Cross 2, The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 3, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 4, The World Food Programme (WFP) Non-governmental organisations including any charities not mentioned in 5, this list (NGOs) 6, The European Union 7, The European Commission 8, The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO) 9, Any EU Member States governments 10, The (NATIONALITY) Government 11, Any non EU governments 12, The United States (USA) 13, Other 14, No 15, DK
(NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – CODER DANS LA LISTE CI-DESSOUS – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) (449-463) 1, La Croix rouge 2, L’UNICEF 3, Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés 4, Le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM) Des organisations non gouvernementales incluant toute organisation 5, bénévole non citée dans cette liste (ONG) 6, L’Union européenne 7, La Commission européenne 8, Le Service d’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne (ECHO) 9, Les gouvernements des Etats membres de l’UE 10, Le gouvernement (NATIONALITE) 11, Les gouvernements de pays non membres de l’UE 12, Les Etats-Unis (USA) 13, Autre 14, Non 15, NSP
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF3)
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF3)
QuestionnaireEB732
40/63
03/03/2010
QB2
QB3
And now, can you name any organisations that are funding humanitarian aid? By funding, we mean that they provide financial support to humanitarian aid.
QB2
Et maintenant pourriez-vous me citer des noms d’organisations qui financent des actions dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire? Par financer, nous voulons dire qu’elles fournissent un soutien financier à l’aide humanitaire.
(DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – CODE USING THE LIST BELOW – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) (464-478) 1, Red Cross 2, The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 3, The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 4, The World Food Programme (WFP) Non-governmental organisations including any charities not mentioned in 5, this list (NGOs) 6, The European Union 7, The European Commission 8, The European Commission's Humanitarian Aid department (ECHO) 9, Any EU Member States governments 10, The (NATIONALITY) Government 11, Any non EU governments 12, The United States (USA) 13, Other 14, No 15, DK
(NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – CODER DANS LA LISTE CI-DESSOUS – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) (464-478) 1, La Croix rouge 2, L’UNICEF 3, Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés 4, Le Programme alimentaire mondial (PAM) Des organisations non gouvernementales incluant toute organisation 5, bénévole non citée dans cette liste (ONG) 6, L’Union européenne 7, La Commission européenne 8, Le Service d’aide humanitaire de la Commission européenne (ECHO) 9, Les gouvernements des Etats membres de l’UE 10, Le gouvernement (NATIONALITE) 11, Les gouvernements de pays non membres de l’UE 12, Les Etats-Unis (USA) 13, Autre 14, Non 15, NSP
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF3)
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF3)
Do you know that the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO), funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside the European Union?
Yes No DK NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF4)
QuestionnaireEB732
(479) 1 2 3
QB3
Savez-vous que l’Union européenne finance, via la Commission européenne et son département d’aide humanitaire (ECHO), des actions d’aide humanitaire dans les pays situés en dehors de l’Union européenne ?
Oui Non NSP
(479) 1 2 3
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF4)
41/63
03/03/2010
QB4
How well informed do you think you are about the European Union humanitarian aid activities?
QB4
(LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very well informed Fairly well informed Not very well informed Not at all informed DK
(480) 1 2 3 4 5
Très bien informé(e) Assez bien informé(e) Pas très bien informé(e) Pas du tout informé(e) NSP
How important do you think it is that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities outside the European Union? (M)
EB65.4 QF2 TREND MODIFIED
QuestionnaireEB732
QB5
Dans quelle mesure pensez-vous qu’il est important que l’Union européenne finance des activités d’aide humanitaire dans des pays situés en dehors de l’Union européenne ? (M)
(LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very important Fairly important Not very important Not at all important It depends on the country (SPONTANEOUS) DK
(480) 1 2 3 4 5
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF4)
NEW (BASED ON EB65.4 QF4)
QB5
Dans quelle mesure estimez-vous être informé(e) sur l’action de l’Union européenne en matière d’aide humanitaire ?
(481) 1 2 3 4 5 6
Très important Plutôt important Plutôt pas important Pas du tout important Cela dépend du pays (SPONTANE) NSP
(481) 1 2 3 4 5 6
EB65.4 QF2 TREND MODIFIED
42/63
03/03/2010
QB6
How important do you think it is that European citizens are informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO)? (M)
QB6
(LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)
(READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) Very important Fairly important Not very important Not at all important DK
(482) 1 2 3 4 5
Très important Plutôt important Plutôt pas important Pas du tout important NSP
Would you say that humanitarian aid is more efficient if provided by each Member State of the European Union separately or if it is provided by the European Union through the European Commission? (M)
QB7
Selon vous, est-il plus efficace que l’aide humanitaire soit accordée par chaque Etat membre de l’Union européenne individuellement ou au niveau de l’Union européenne via la Commission européenne ? (M) (MONTRER CARTE – LIRE – UNE SEULE REPONSE)
(SHOW CARD – READ OUT – ONE ANSWER ONLY) (483)
(483) Plus efficace si accordée par chaque Etat membre de l’UE individuellement
More efficient if provided by each Member State of the EU separately More efficient if provided by the EU through the European Commission Neither one, nor the other (SPONTANEOUS) DK
1 2 3 4
Plus efficace si accordée par l’UE via la Commission européenne Ni l’un, ni l’autre (SPONTANE) NSP
EB65.4 QF6 TREND MODIFIED
EB65.4 QF6 TREND MODIFIED
ASK QC IN EU27
POSER QC EN UE27
QuestionnaireEB732
(482) 1 2 3 4 5
EB65.4 QF5 TREND MODIFIED
EB65.4 QF5 TREND MODIFIED
QB7
Dans quelle mesure pensez-vous qu’il est important que les citoyens européens soient informés au sujet des actions d’aide humanitaire financées par l’Union européenne, via la Commission européenne et son département d’aide humanitaire (ECHO) ? (M)
43/63
1 2 3 4
03/03/2010
TABLES
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid QB1 Pouvez-vous me citer les noms d’organisations qui sont actives dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire ? Par être actives, nous voulons dire qu’elles interviennent sur le terrain. (NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB1 Can you name some organisations involved in providing humanitarian aid? By providing aid, we mean that they provide on the ground support. (DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB1 Können Sie einige Organisationen nennen, die humanitäre Hilfe leisten? Mit Hilfe leisten ist gemeint, dass diese Organisationen Unterstützung vor Ort bereitstellen. (NICHT VORLESEN - LISTE NICHT ZEIGEN - MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
1/3
La Croix rouge
L’UNICEF
Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés
Red Cross
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Des organisations non gouvernementales Le Programme incluant toute alimentaire organisation mondial (PAM) bénévole non citée dans cette liste (ONG)
L’Union européenne
La Commission européenne
Nongovernmental The World Food organisations including any Programme charities not (WFP) mentioned in this list (NGOs)
The European Union
The European Commission
Nichtregierungsorganisationen, einschließlich Die Europäische Die Europäische aller WohlfahrtsUnion Kommission verbände, die auf dieser Liste nicht aufgeführt sind (NROs)
Der Hohe Das Flüchtlingskom Kinderhilfswerk missar der Das Rote Kreuz der Vereinten Vereinten Nationen Nationen (UNICEF) (UNHCR)
Das Welternährungsprogramm (WFP)
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
%
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EU 27
64
36
6
6
BE
76
44
11
14
BG
74
34
7
4
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
20
9
3
37
11
6
6
24
13
CZ
61
28
6
5
20
16
4
DK
87
45
13
11
54
3
0
D-W
73
37
4
7
24
9
2
DE
73
38
4
9
24
10
2
D-E
74
42
4
12
26
13
3
EE
53
21
3
2
14
5
1
IE
46
24
4
6
24
10
2
EL
47
47
5
3
14
14
3
ES
55
35
3
4
30
7
3
FR
61
32
2
1
20
1
1
IT
64
56
8
6
11
10
5
CY
70
50
11
1
8
10
2
LV
61
9
1
2
16
5
1
LT
52
12
1
4
4
10
3
LU
76
48
7
5
27
7
5
HU
76
22
5
9
16
13
3
MT
39
13
8
3
23
7
2
NL
75
51
14
15
28
8
2
AT
74
34
10
9
17
18
4
PL
56
16
1
1
10
5
2
PT
65
25
2
4
21
7
5
RO
66
41
11
5
10
24
9
SI
91
54
6
3
25
5
2
SK
68
41
9
7
22
23
6
FI
82
42
6
3
33
2
2
SE
84
28
11
2
46
4
2
UK
57
29
7
7
17
6
4
IS
72
32
5
3
50
1
0
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid QB1 Pouvez-vous me citer les noms d’organisations qui sont actives dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire ? Par être actives, nous voulons dire qu’elles interviennent sur le terrain. (NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB1 Can you name some organisations involved in providing humanitarian aid? By providing aid, we mean that they provide on the ground support. (DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB1 Können Sie einige Organisationen nennen, die humanitäre Hilfe leisten? Mit Hilfe leisten ist gemeint, dass diese Organisationen Unterstützung vor Ort bereitstellen. (NICHT VORLESEN - LISTE NICHT ZEIGEN - MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
2/3
Le Service Les Les d’aide Le gouvernements gouvernements humanitaire de Les Etats-Unis gouvernement des Etats de pays non la Commission (USA) membres de (NATIONALITE) membres de européenne l’UE l’UE (ECHO)
Autre
Non
NSP
The European The Commission's Any EU Member Humanitarian States (NATIONALITY) Aid department governments Government (ECHO)
Other
No
DK
Sonstige
Nein
WN
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2 11
Any non EU governments
The United States (USA)
Das Amt für humanitäre Hilfe der Europäischen Kommission (ECHO)
Eine Regierung der EUMitgliedstaaten
Die (NATIONALE) Regierung
%
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EU 27
3
3
9
2
5
26
4
BE
8
6
14
5
7
25
4
2
BG
6
3
11
2
7
0
4
14 13
Eine Regierung eines Landes, Die Vereinigten das nicht Staaten (USA) Mitglied der EU ist
EB 73.2
CZ
4
6
10
3
6
8
2
DK
2
1
8
1
3
48
2
1
D-W
4
3
12
2
6
35
3
4
DE
5
4
12
3
6
32
3
5
D-E
6
5
12
5
6
22
4
5
EE
3
1
3
0
0
5
19
13
IE
4
2
18
2
7
32
3
11
EL
1
1
6
1
4
12
6
12
ES
2
1
7
1
2
19
8
14
FR
1
1
1
1
1
52
5
6
IT
5
3
9
4
6
10
1
10
CY
2
1
7
1
4
24
6
9
LV
1
1
4
0
2
3
15
15
LT
2
2
6
2
3
16
19
14
LU
5
2
7
1
3
50
3
4
HU
8
5
10
2
9
14
4
8
MT
1
1
9
0
1
5
3
29
NL
7
5
13
3
6
47
3
2
AT
6
6
21
4
12
22
2
7
PL
0
1
4
1
1
22
9
18
PT
0
2
8
2
4
6
3
14
RO
5
3
13
3
7
1
4
22
SI
5
2
4
1
2
31
1
2
SK
14
8
18
6
7
8
3
8
FI
1
1
3
0
0
27
2
5
SE
1
2
14
2
4
60
2
2
UK
4
3
8
4
5
30
2
21
IS
1
1
2
1
0
44
6
3
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid QB2 Et maintenant pourriez-vous me citer des noms d’organisations qui financent des actions dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire? Par financer, nous voulons dire qu’elles fournissent un soutien financier à l’aide humanitaire. (NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB2 And now, can you name any organisations that are funding humanitarian aid? By funding, we mean that they provide financial support to humanitarian aid. (DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB2 Und können Sie mir nun Organisationen nennen, die humanitäre Hilfe finanzieren? Mit Finanzierung ist gemeint, dass diese Organisationen finanzielle Unterstützung für humanitäre Hilfe bereitstellen. (NICHT VORLESEN - LISTE NICHT ZEIGEN -
1/3
La Croix rouge
L’UNICEF
Le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés
Red Cross
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
Des organisations non gouvernementales Le Programme incluant toute alimentaire organisation mondial (PAM) bénévole non citée dans cette liste (ONG)
L’Union européenne
La Commission européenne
Nongovernmental The World Food organisations including any Programme charities not (WFP) mentioned in this list (NGOs)
The European Union
The European Commission
Der Hohe Das Flüchtlingskom Kinderhilfswerk missar der Das Rote Kreuz der Vereinten Vereinten Nationen Nationen (UNICEF) (UNHCR)
Das Welternährungsprogramm (WFP)
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
Nichtregierungsorganisationen, einschließlich Die Europäische Die Europäische aller WohlfahrtsUnion Kommission verbände, die auf dieser Liste nicht aufgeführt sind (NROs)
%
EB 73.2
EU 27
42
27
5
5
14
15
5
BE
41
27
8
10
20
26
14
BG
53
29
5
3
6
35
18
CZ
35
21
5
4
15
28
5
DK
52
28
10
7
31
15
3
D-W
46
27
4
6
17
17
3
DE
45
27
4
6
17
17
3
D-E
43
30
4
7
14
17
3
EE
23
10
3
1
4
15
5
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
IE
39
23
4
6
20
14
4
EL
35
37
3
1
12
19
3
ES
40
28
4
2
21
13
6
FR
41
22
1
2
10
3
1
IT
37
42
6
4
9
16
8
CY
55
41
13
1
6
31
5
LV
23
6
1
1
12
15
2
LT
23
8
1
2
3
20
4
LU
53
34
5
3
24
19
9
HU
48
16
3
7
13
24
5
MT
24
10
8
2
15
10
3
NL
41
30
10
9
19
21
5
AT
44
23
10
12
15
33
6
PL
40
11
1
1
7
7
2
PT
39
19
2
2
5
16
8
RO
48
33
9
4
8
26
9
SI
48
33
3
2
16
19
5
SK
40
32
8
6
19
34
8
FI
56
30
7
3
28
6
2
SE
58
23
12
3
33
8
3
UK
41
23
8
8
12
9
5
IS
42
17
3
3
33
2
0
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid QB2 Et maintenant pourriez-vous me citer des noms d’organisations qui financent des actions dans le domaine de l’aide humanitaire? Par financer, nous voulons dire qu’elles fournissent un soutien financier à l’aide humanitaire. (NE PAS LIRE – NE PAS MONTRER CARTE – PLUSIEURS REPONSES POSSIBLES) QB2 And now, can you name any organisations that are funding humanitarian aid? By funding, we mean that they provide financial support to humanitarian aid. (DO NOT READ OUT – DO NOT SHOW CARD – MULTIPLE ANSWERS POSSIBLE) QB2 Und können Sie mir nun Organisationen nennen, die humanitäre Hilfe finanzieren? Mit Finanzierung ist gemeint, dass diese Organisationen finanzielle Unterstützung für humanitäre Hilfe bereitstellen. (NICHT VORLESEN - LISTE NICHT ZEIGEN - MEHRFACHNENNUNGEN MÖGLICH)
2/3
%
Le Service Les Les d’aide Le gouvernements gouvernements humanitaire de Les Etats-Unis gouvernement des Etats de pays non la Commission (USA) membres de (NATIONALITE) membres de européenne l’UE l’UE (ECHO)
Autre
Non
NSP
The European The Commission's Any EU Member Humanitarian States (NATIONALITY) Aid department governments Government (ECHO)
Other
No
DK
Sonstige
Nein
WN
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2 20
Das Amt für humanitäre Hilfe der Europäischen Kommission (ECHO)
Eine Regierung der EUMitgliedstaaten
Die (NATIONALE) Regierung
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
EB 73.2
Any non EU governments
The United States (USA)
Eine Regierung eines Landes, Die Vereinigten das nicht Staaten (USA) Mitglied der EU ist
EB 73.2
EU 27
4
6
18
4
7
16
8
BE
10
16
32
11
17
20
12
3
BG
7
6
14
3
10
0
5
19 17
CZ
5
13
22
7
12
5
2
DK
4
7
39
4
9
32
8
5
D-W
4
6
28
3
8
20
7
13
DE
4
6
28
4
8
18
7
13
D-E
4
8
27
8
8
13
10
11
EE
3
5
11
4
4
5
30
23
IE
8
5
31
5
15
19
5
14
EL
2
4
10
2
5
4
9
16 23
ES
3
6
16
5
6
13
11
FR
1
2
7
1
2
32
12
19
IT
5
7
15
5
9
6
1
21
CY
2
12
18
6
20
5
7
13
LV
2
3
7
1
3
2
24
25
LT
3
3
10
3
5
5
26
21
LU
6
10
25
5
11
38
5
13
HU
8
9
17
5
17
6
11
13
MT
1
2
7
1
2
3
3
42
NL
6
17
41
9
15
31
8
5
AT
8
8
38
5
21
13
3
12
PL
0
2
8
1
1
14
12
28
PT
1
3
14
3
6
3
5
29
RO
4
4
13
3
8
1
4
28
SI
6
8
19
6
9
29
5
9
SK
14
17
25
11
12
7
4
12 8
FI
1
4
19
2
1
28
4
SE
2
4
26
4
5
47
8
6
UK
4
4
16
5
8
18
5
31
IS
0
1
15
1
0
37
17
7
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB3 Savez-vous que l’Union européenne finance, via la Commission européenne et son département d’aide humanitaire (ECHO), des actions d’aide humanitaire dans les pays situés en dehors de l’Union européenne ? QB3 Do you know that the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO), funds humanitarian aid activities in countries outside the European Union? QB3 Wussten Sie, dass die Europäische Union durch die Europäische Kommission und ihr Amt für humanitäre Hilfe (ECHO) humanitäre Hilfsaktionen in Ländern außerhalb der Europäischen Union finanziert? Oui Yes Ja EB 73.2
Non No Nein EB 73.2
NSP DK WN EB 73.2
EU 27
43
51
6
BE
58
40
2
BG
54
30
16
CZ
39
58
3
DK
42
58
0
D-W
43
52
5
DE
42
53
5
D-E
41
56
3
EE
49
48
3
%
IE
46
45
9
EL
33
65
2
ES
45
52
3
FR
55
43
2
IT
40
43
17
CY
53
42
5
LV
36
61
3
LT
34
61
5
LU
72
23
5
HU
33
57
10
MT
55
34
11
NL
43
54
3
AT
36
60
4 4
PL
41
55
PT
38
56
6
RO
28
48
24
SI
48
46
6
SK
51
47
2
FI
47
52
1
SE
41
58
1
UK
38
58
4
IS
28
72
0
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB4 Dans quelle mesure estimez-vous être informé(e) sur l’action de l’Union européenne en matière d’aide humanitaire ? QB4 How well informed do you think you are about the European Union humanitarian aid activities? QB4 Was glauben Sie, wie gut Sie über die humanitären Hilfsaktionen der Europäischen Union informiert sind? Pas du tout Pas très bien informé(e) informé(e) Not at all Not very well informed informed Nicht sehr gut Überhaupt nicht informiert informiert EB EB 73.2 73.2
Très bien informé(e) Very well informed Sehr gut informiert EB 73.2
Assez bien informé(e) Fairly well informed Ziemlich gut informiert EB 73.2
EU 27
2
16
50
31
%
EB 73.2
Total 'Bien informé(e)' Total 'Well informed' Gesamt 'Gut informiert' EB 73.2
Total 'Pas informé(e)' Total 'Not informed' Gesamt 'Nicht informiert' EB 73.2
1
18
81
NSP DK WN
BE
2
21
54
23
0
23
77
BG
2
15
52
28
3
17
80
CZ
1
15
50
32
2
16
82
DK
1
13
59
27
0
14
86
D-W
2
15
49
34
0
17
83
DE
2
15
48
35
0
17
83
D-E
2
13
46
38
1
15
84
EE
1
9
58
31
1
10
89
IE
4
23
43
27
3
27
70 86
EL
3
11
45
41
0
14
ES
2
17
53
28
0
19
81
FR
2
18
50
29
1
20
79
IT
3
23
43
28
3
26
71
CY
2
21
47
30
0
23
77
LV
0
10
49
40
1
10
89
LT
1
13
54
30
2
14
84
LU
6
39
41
12
2
45
53
HU
1
11
48
39
1
12
87
MT
5
22
46
24
3
27
70
NL
1
12
58
28
1
13
86
AT
3
16
48
33
0
19
81 78
PL
2
18
53
25
2
20
PT
2
23
49
26
0
25
75
RO
2
12
39
38
9
14
77
SI
2
26
51
21
0
28
72
SK
2
19
55
23
1
21
78
FI
2
14
50
34
0
16
84
SE
0
10
54
36
0
10
90
UK
1
11
54
33
1
12
87
IS
1
6
47
46
0
7
93
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB5 Dans quelle mesure pensez-vous qu’il est important que l’Union européenne finance des activités d’aide humanitaire dans des pays situés en dehors de l’Union européenne ? QB5 How important do you think it is that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities outside the European Union? QB5 Wie wichtig finden Sie es, dass die Europäische Union humanitäre Hilfsaktionen in Ländern außerhalb der Europäischen Union finanziert?
Très important
1/2
Plutôt important
Very important Fairly important Sehr wichtig
%
EB 73.2
EU 27
31
Diff. EB 65.4 -17
Ziemlich wichtig
48
Diff. EB 65.4 8
EB 73.2
Plutôt pas important Not very important Nicht sehr wichtig
10
Diff. EB 65.4 4
EB 73.2
Cela dépend du pays (SPONTANE) It depends on Not at all the country important (SPONTANEOU Spontan: Es Überhaupt nicht kommt auf das wichtig Land an Diff. Diff. EB EB EB EB 73.2 73.2 65.4 65.4 4 2 3 1 Pas du tout important
NSP DK WN
4
Diff. EB 65.4 2
EB 73.2
BE
21
-23
50
9
16
6
7
3
5
4
1
1
BG
43
-11
40
7
2
0
1
0
5
1
9
3
CZ
26
-17
50
6
11
6
3
1
7
2
3
2
DK
45
-25
35
11
9
6
3
2
3
2
5
4
D-W
30
-20
51
15
7
-1
2
0
6
3
4
3
DE
29
-20
49
11
8
0
4
2
6
4
4
3
D-E
24
-20
43
-1
13
5
10
8
7
5
3
3
EE
23
-15
51
7
14
6
4
3
4
-1
4
0
IE
49
-15
35
6
4
1
1
1
3
1
8
6
EL
43
-26
48
20
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
ES
28
-26
51
14
12
9
4
3
1
-2
4
2
FR
28
-21
52
13
11
4
4
2
2
0
3
2
IT
36
-2
46
-2
9
2
2
-1
2
-1
5
4
CY
72
-3
23
3
2
-2
0
0
1
0
2
2
LV
23
-19
47
1
16
9
6
4
3
1
5
4
LT
19
-18
49
3
16
9
6
5
1
0
9
1
LU
44
-14
42
10
7
2
2
0
3
1
2
1
HU
27
-4
50
1
11
1
5
1
4
0
3
1
MT
61
2
29
-5
2
-1
1
0
3
1
4
3
NL
31
-28
50
16
13
9
3
1
1
0
2
2
AT
22
-13
48
5
10
1
6
3
11
3
3
1
PL
25
-20
54
6
10
7
3
2
3
2
5
3
PT
32
-11
57
9
6
2
2
0
1
-1
2
1
RO
33
-28
41
14
6
3
2
0
3
2
15
9
SI
38
-4
48
0
10
5
1
0
1
-2
2
1
SK
35
-6
50
3
8
3
1
-1
4
1
2
0
FI
36
-11
50
7
10
3
2
1
1
0
1
0
SE
46
-14
40
7
6
2
3
2
2
1
3
2
UK
31
-22
44
8
13
9
5
4
2
-1
5
2
IS
49
37
6
1
1
6
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB5 Dans quelle mesure pensez-vous qu’il est important que l’Union européenne finance des activités d’aide humanitaire dans des pays situés en dehors de l’Union européenne ? QB5 How important do you think it is that the European Union funds humanitarian aid activities outside the European Union? QB5 Wie wichtig finden Sie es, dass die Europäische Union humanitäre Hilfsaktionen in Ländern außerhalb der Europäischen Union finanziert?
2/2
Total 'Important'
Total 'Pas important'
Total 'Important'
Total 'Not important'
Gesamt 'Wichtig'
Gesamt 'Nicht wichtig'
%
EB 73.2
EU 27
79
Diff. EB 65.4 -9
14
Diff. EB 65.4 6
EB 73.2
BE
71
-14
23
9
BG
83
-4
3
0
CZ
76
-11
14
7
DK
80
-14
12
8
D-W
81
-5
9
-1
DE
78
-9
12
2
D-E
67
-21
23
13
EE
74
-8
18
9
IE
84
-9
5
2
EL
91
-6
6
4
ES
79
-12
16
12
FR
80
-8
15
6
IT
82
-4
11
1
CY
95
0
2
-2
LV
70
-18
22
13
LT
68
-15
22
14
LU
86
-4
9
2
HU
77
-3
16
2
MT
90
-3
3
-1
NL
81
-12
16
10
AT
70
-8
16
4
PL
79
-14
13
9
PT
89
-2
8
2
RO
74
-14
8
3
SI
86
-4
11
5
SK
85
-3
9
2
FI
86
-4
12
4
SE
86
-7
9
4
UK
75
-14
18
13
IS
86
7
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB6 Dans quelle mesure pensez-vous qu’il est important que les citoyens européens soient informés au sujet des actions d’aide humanitaire financées par l’Union européenne, via la Commission européenne et son département d’aide humanitaire (ECHO) ? QB6 How important do you think it is that European citizens are informed about humanitarian aid activities funded by the European Union, through the European Commission and its Humanitarian Aid Department (ECHO)? QB6 Wie wichtig finden Sie es, dass europäische Bürger über humanitäre Hilfsaktionen informiert sind, die von der Europäischen Union durch die Europäische Kommission und ihr Amt für humanitäre Hilfe (ECHO), finanziert werden?
%
38
-1
BE
36
-1
BG
47
8
EU 27
Plutôt pas important Not very important
Pas du tout important Not at all Very important Fairly important important Überhaupt nicht Sehr wichtig Ziemlich wichtig Nicht so wichtig wichtig Diff. Diff. Diff. Diff. EB EB EB EB EB EB EB EB 73.2 73.2 73.2 73.2 65.4 65.4 65.4 65.4 Très important Plutôt important
48
1
2
1
NSP DK WN EB 73.2
Diff. EB 65.4
4
0
-1
8
51
2
10
-2
2
0
1
1
40
-4
3
-2
1
1
9
-3
Total 'Important' Total 'Important' Gesamt 'Wichtig' Diff. EB EB 73.2 65.4 86
Total 'Pas important' Total 'Not important' Gesamt 'Nicht wichtig' Diff. EB EB 73.2 65.4
-2
10
2
87
1
12
-2
87
4
4
-1
CZ
30
-3
51
-2
11
2
2
1
6
2
81
-5
13
3
DK
49
-1
39
-2
8
1
1
0
3
2
88
-3
9
1
D-W
33
-13
53
10
9
2
1
0
4
1
86
-3
10
2
DE
34
-12
51
7
10
3
1
0
4
2
85
-5
11
3
D-E
38
-7
44
-3
12
6
3
2
3
2
82
-10
15
8
EE
28
5
49
-2
15
3
2
0
6
-6
77
3
17
3
IE
49
-1
38
0
5
-1
0
-1
8
3
87
-1
5
-2
EL
45
-21
47
15
6
4
1
1
1
1
92
-6
7
5
ES
36
4
52
-1
8
2
1
0
3
-5
88
3
9
2
FR
39
-7
53
6
5
1
0
-1
3
1
92
-1
5
0
IT
44
13
42
-8
6
-6
3
1
5
0
86
5
9
-5
CY
72
9
23
-4
2
-3
1
0
2
-2
95
5
3
-3
LV
25
-4
51
1
14
0
4
2
6
1
76
-3
18
2
LT
24
-8
50
7
14
3
3
1
9
-3
74
-1
17
4
LU
51
11
42
-7
4
-3
1
0
2
-1
93
4
5
-3
HU
29
5
52
0
14
-1
3
0
2
-4
81
5
17
-1
MT
65
22
31
-19
1
-2
1
0
2
-1
96
3
2
-2
NL
41
2
46
1
9
-3
2
0
2
0
87
3
11
-3
AT
27
0
51
1
16
1
3
0
3
-2
78
1
19
1
PL
30
0
54
-5
7
3
3
2
6
0
84
-5
10
5
PT
35
-2
56
1
6
2
1
-1
2
0
91
-1
7
1
RO
33
-13
45
7
7
0
1
-1
14
7
78
-6
8
-1
SI
48
13
41
-10
8
2
1
0
2
-5
89
3
9
2
SK
39
11
51
-9
7
-2
0
-1
3
1
90
2
7
-3
FI
44
5
50
0
4
-5
1
0
1
0
94
5
5
-5
SE
45
0
43
0
9
0
1
0
2
0
88
0
10
0
UK
42
1
42
-5
8
2
3
2
5
0
84
-4
11
4
IS
43
41
11
2
3
84
13
Special Eurobarometer 343 – Humanitarian Aid
QB7 Selon vous, est-il plus efficace que l’aide humanitaire soit accordée par chaque Etat membre de l’Union européenne individuellement ou au niveau de l’Union européenne via la Commission européenne ? QB7 Would you say that humanitarian aid is more efficient if provided by each Member State of the European Union separately or if it is provided by the European Union through the European Commission? QB7 Meinen Sie, dass humanitäre Hilfe wirksamer ist, wenn sie von jedem Mitgliedsland der Europäischen Union einzeln zur Verfügung gestellt wird oder wenn sie von der Europäischen Union durch die Europäische Kommission zur Verfügung gestellt Plus efficace si accordée par chaque Etat membre de l’UE individuel-lement
Plus efficace si accordée par l’UE via la Commission européenne
Ni l’un, ni l’autre (SPONTANE)
NSP
More efficient if provided by each Member State of the EU separately
More efficient if provided by the EU through the European Commission
Neither one, nor the other (SPONTANEOUS)
DK
Wirksamer, wenn sie von jedem Mitgliedsland der EU einzeln zur Verfügung gestellt wird
Wirksamer, wenn sie von der Europäischen Union durch die Spontan: Weder das Europäische eine, noch das andere Kommission zur Verfügung gestellt wird
EB 73.2
Diff. EB 65.4
EU 27
24
-2
58
BE
19
1
66
%
EB 73.2
Diff. EB 65.4
WN
EB 73.2
Diff. EB 65.4
EB 73.2
Diff. EB 65.4
2
5
-2
13
2
-8
11
4
4
3
BG
16
-4
62
12
1
-3
21
-5
CZ
33
-5
55
7
3
-3
9
1
DK
28
-9
53
2
5
1
14
6
D-W
22
-9
62
10
6
-3
10
2
DE
24
-5
62
7
5
-3
9
1
D-E
28
5
63
-2
3
-5
6
2 -4
EE
26
1
55
3
9
0
10
IE
22
-13
43
7
10
3
25
3
EL
24
1
62
-9
5
1
9
7
ES
16
4
68
12
5
-3
11
-13
FR
23
-1
65
0
3
-2
9
3
IT
23
3
55
-3
7
-3
15
3
CY
19
-13
71
11
1
-1
9
3
LV
22
-4
60
-3
6
2
12
5 -1
LT
30
-2
46
2
5
1
19
LU
29
-1
58
-2
5
2
8
1
HU
25
-4
56
9
9
-3
10
-2
MT
22
1
59
4
2
-2
17
-3
NL
19
-4
62
2
13
0
6
2
AT
27
3
54
2
11
-3
8
-2
PL
31
1
51
-4
4
0
14
3
PT
12
-1
68
2
4
-3
16
2
RO
20
-7
43
-3
3
0
34
10 -2
SI
32
4
54
1
5
-3
9
SK
31
-3
58
6
2
-5
9
2
FI
30
-10
61
8
3
0
6
2
SE
28
0
56
4
6
-3
10
-1
UK
32
-1
49
2
4
-3
15
2
IS
43
42
4
11