Conference Proceedings Living Landscapes | Full Papers Section 6 | by Planum n.27 vol.2/2013 by Planum. The Journal of Urbanism

6. Living bodies/Abitare i corpi edited by !"#"$%"#&'()*)+$,-)"#"$%.()*/"#0)+$,("10)"$2'3.(()

Introduction

City is a complex organism made by people’s interactions. Everyone is different from another, for cultural issues, sexual preferences, age, religion, biography. The human bodies, diverse for their necessities are interacting in the urban reality, the daily experiences in the same city can be completely diverse if the experiencer is men, women, children, elderly people or disable. City is the environment of our life and relationships. Everyone has its special and specific map of the space of the city, based on his or her relationship with the space and his or her idea about inhabiting. It is very useful for planners and for people in general explore the relationships between body, architecture, and the city (Paba). For example gender differences have a strong influence on social relationship, on single and groups way of life (Bartolini). Also age differences are to be take in account: children needs city environment for their growing up. City could be better if planned with children, because they interact with the environment in a synesthetic way (Petrucci). In the last years a question about the rationality and universality (proper of the Enlightenment Age), on which was based the planning practice, is emerging; therefore planning needs a new epistemology and tools that can take in account the mosaic of human being, variety and multiple interpretation of the public and private spaces. Obviously architects and planners have a great role in designing a city valuable and understandable (Converti). These tools can be found in Anthropology, especially helpful in participatory planning, in the preliminary researches to understand the problems linked to these approaches themselves (Severi). We can find other tools for the contemporary interpretation of the city involving the body and their uses across art. The public space is an influential element, today, on the biological transformation of the city. Through the body’s movements is possible to determine an urban evolution, showing new perspective of use of the spaces in the everyday urban environment (Roselli). Theater can also be used, civic and political one, in participatory planning to make people able to show their point of view and let them aware of different point of views, as the case of Theater of the Oppressed (Belingardi). Aside the identification of new urban populations, with their bodies, is growing the Security rhetoric, that makes meeting and public places increasingly more mediated and under control. Notwithstanding the inhabitants feeling of safeness isn’t improving, and their possibility of action, use, transfer in different part of the city and serendipity is diminishing. In the city there are actions of domination and control of bodies and consequently groups of people that are subject to these dynamics of abuse. Dominated bodies are segregated or passer-by, other kind of human energies, on the contrary, can be individuated through bodies in action, for example in the Flash mob (Forni). Social fear makes people segregate and hide themselves, as it happens in gated communities. Opposite dynamics of exclusion can be seen in Shantytown (the settlements typical of Rom people) (Romanato). In the session “Living the bodies” we tried to answer some questions: what it means to plan and design an accessible, welcoming city, open to everyone in every moment of life? What it means to plan spaces made for differences? How is it changing the story of the city through the emerging of new cultural and social groups? We tried to do it by exploring theoretical implications and disciplinary thoughts, by recognizing new urban exigences and differences and new urban perceptions. The aim was to suggest and to individuate new languages that let emerge the bodies and the relative new urban questions and answers connected to the bodies.

6. Living bodies/Abitare i corpi edited by !"#"$%"#&'()*)+$,-)"#"$%.()*/"#0)+$,("10)"$2'3.(()

Body, architecture, and city 4)"*5"#('$6"7" Introducing gender and planning !"#"$%"#&'()*) Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s play at building the city: the children for the public space 8)9)"*"$6.&#155) City future: methodological guidelines for balancing interests :"7)'$,'*9.#&) Thinking about an agreement between anthropology and urban planning ;9"*$!.9.#) The body and the city. The city-body. Svarnet: urban artistic research collective ,("10)"$2'3.(() Inclusive planning through the theatre of the oppressed ,-)"#"$%.()*/"#0) Segregated bodies, passer-by bodies, bodies in-action <()3"7.&&"$:'#*) The neo-feudal landscape ="&&.'$4)13.>>.$2'?"*"&'

!"#"$%&!'$()*'+,)&-&!'$()*'+,)&./0&1"#"$% 2',)'%%"&34"5'5" 6/$.,0,$*,&20/*,,("$%) 71/0,$*,8&7,409'0:-;9$,&<=>< !"#$%&'()*+(,-%.$#"(-/ (0.1#$23&4($'(564(7-"'5859:; <<<'="#$%&'$+>(?(@AAB(:65;C9DD; !.-E++F2$G3(=%1"23*+F(2$(HE>-1+.(59:;

?/(:8&30*@"5,*590,8&'$(&6"5: I2#$E#."-(!#1#

J+=#.>&+$>(-/ (K.E*2>+E>%.+4(0$27+.32>L(-/ (M"-.+$E+(N@>#"LO JLDQFDUOR SDED#XQLÀ LW

@$(>*23(=#=+.(3-&+(.+"#>2-$3*2=3(1+><++$(1-FL4(#.E*2>+E>%.+4(#$F(>*+(E2>L(#.+(#$#"LP+F'()*+(1-FL(23(*23>-.2E#""L(#(.+/+C .+$E+(/-.(>*+(&+#3%.+&+$>3(-/ (#.E*2>+E>%.#"(#$F(%.1#$(3=#E+4(/.-&(Q2>.%72#$(&#$(>-(R+(S-.1%32+.T3(&-F%"-.'()*+(#%C >*-.(>*2$U3(>*#>(#""(="%.#"(#$F(F2//+.+$>(1-F2+34(*%&#$(#$F($-$C*%&#$4(3*-%"F(1+(>*+(.+/+.+$E+(/-.(="#$$2$G4(.+G#.F"+33( -/ (G+$F+.4(.#E+4(=.-=-.>2-$34(#12"2>2+34(#$F("2/+3>L"+(E*#.#E>+.3'

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ÀF ÁRZV WKURXJK DUWHULHV DQG WKH PDS (+ $T1*5(.'"$L)#;#,1&$'"#$-%'*$-#/')#$,&$%+ $1*%/6$8)(&'),'#$(/$,$&.)6#(/A&$',31#9$&')#'-"#0$+)(5$1%53$'($1%53Q$ <%3%0#5B4$>(5#'%5#&9$,/0$%/$)#-#/'$'%5#&$5()#$,/0$5()#$+)#J.#/'1*9$'"#$()6,/%-$5#',8"()$%&$.&#0$%/$'"#$ QHJDWLYH (OLHO 6DDULQHQ IRU H[DPSOH LQ 7KH &LW\ GLGDFWLFDOO\ XVHG WZR LPDJHV WKH ÀUVW LV WKDW RI D KHDOWK\ '%&&.#9$5#,/%/6$,/$()6,/%7#0$,/0$+./-'%(/%/6$-%'*X$'"#$&#-(/0$%&$),'"#)$,$0%&#,&#0$'%&&.#9$),;,6#0$3*$'.5(.)$ -#11&Y$ L0#-1%/#$,/0$0#,'"$#/'#)$Z[\$/($5,''#)$:"#'"#)$%'$",88#/&$%/$'"#$5%-)(&-(8%-$'%&&.#&$(+ $-#11=&').-'.)#$:"#)#$-,/-#)$ -,.&#&$0%&%/'#6),'%(/9$()$%/$'"#$"#,)'&$(+ $'"#$1,)6#$-%'%#&$(+ $'(0,*$:"#)#$-(58,-'/#&&$,/0$-(/+.&%(/$-,.&#$&1.5&$'($ &8)#,0Q$<>,,)%/#/9$MNOU9$84$M]B4

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`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a/$-(/'#58(),)*$,)'9$'"#$)#1,'%(/&"%8$3#':##/$3(0*9$"(5#$,/0$-%'*$",&$81,*#0$,$5,b()$)(1#9$8,)'%-.1,)1*$%/$ '"#$:()2&$(+ $:(5#/Y$+()$#?,581#9$%/$'"#$+#55#=5,%&(/$(+ $`(.%&#$K(.)6#(%&$()$'"#$:,12%/6$"(.&#&$(+ $ `,.)%#$>%55(/&4$V/0$'"#/$%/$c1,.0#$c,"./$:"($0#8%-'#0$"#)$3(0*$%/$'"#$%/'#)%()$(+ $,$"(.&#$()$#;#/$%/&%0#$ ,$8%#-#$(+ $+.)/%'.)#9$()$c%/0*$>"#)5,/$:"($8"('(6),8"&$"#)&#1+ $'($0#&-)%3#$'"#$0%++#)#/'$5#')(8(1%',/$ 1,/0&-,8#&9$()$I0:,)0$d(88#)$:"($8()'),*#0$:(5#/A&$3(0%#&$%/$"(.&#&$()$"('#1$)((5&9$'($#?81,%/$'"#$ ,'5(&8"#)#$,/0$+.)/%&"%/6&$&'*1#&9$()$F,1%#$I?8()'$:"($.&#&$"#)$3(0*$,&$,$2%/0$(+ $:,12%/6$5(0.1()$'($ 5#,&.)#$.)3,/$&8,-#&9$()$@,3)%#1#$K,&%1%-($:"(9$%/$'"#$&#)%#&$-,11#0$c(/',-'$MNeO9$-(58,)#&$'"#$0%++#)#/'$ '#?'.)#&$,/0$5,'#)%,1&$(+ $-",%)&$'")(.6"$'"#$'),-2&$1#+'$(/$,$:(5,/A&$3.''(-2&4 !"#$ )#+#)#/-#$ '($ '"#$ ".5,/$ 3(0*$ ,&$ ,/$ %/&8%),'%(/$ +()$ ,)-"%'#-'.)#$ %&$ &'%11$ ,1%;#$ '(0,*9$ ,&$ %/$ '"#$ -,&#$ (+ $ c,1,'),;,A&$!.)/%/6$!()&($f$'"#$/,5#$(+ $'"#$d>K$&2*&-),8#)$%/$D,15g$=$:"%-"$%&$,$'),/&1,'%(/$(+ $,/$,)-"%= '#-'.),1$&-.18'.)#$3*$'"#$&,5#$c,1,'),;,9$'"#$!:%&'%/6$!()&(Y$%/$'"%&$-,&#$'"#$5(;#5#/'$(+ $'"#$".5,/$3(0*$ <5,1#$(/-#$,6,%/B$%/&8%)#&$'"#$0*/,5%-$'()&%(/$(+ $'"#$3.%10%/64$V/0$:"%1#$c1,.0#=h%-(1,&$`#0(.?$-(/-#,1#0$

2 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$!%%&'"()*)()+')"&+",$)"#%!+"-* "!"./&%0&+1"2,$)"3456"7!&8-+"0/"#%!&8&(9"'!%%)0":&;)<!=9">)!+"?-/@)%"!+0" ?-(<!+"A-8,)("8$-B"&,")C#%&'&,%D9"/+!8$!<)0%D9"&+",$)"E1.!(",-B)("&+"F!(')%-+!"!+0",$)"GB&88"H)",-B)("&+" I-+0-+J"I!8,%D9",$)()"!()",B-".--;8"&+"#!(,&'/%!("K"0))<"&<#-(,!+,",-"<)+,&-+"&+",$)"()%!,&-+8$&#".),B))+" ERG\ DQG DUFKLWHFWXUH 7KH ÀUVW LV 7KH 'DQFLQJ &ROXPQ E\ -RVHSK 5\NZHUW LQ ZKLFK WKH LQÀQLWH YDULDWLRQV -* "!('$&,)',/(!%"'!+-+8"!()"!+!%DL)0"&+"()%!,&-+",-",$)".-0&)8"-* "<)+"!+0"<!%)"!+0"*)<!%)"1-08"2,$)"K-+&'" '-%/<+8=9"!+0")@)+"<!8;89"$-(+89")D)89"8;&+"!+0".-+)89"1&(%8"!+0".-D89"!+0"<),!#$-(&'"!+&<!%89"&+"!"%-+1" M-/(+)D",$(-/1$",$)"')+,/(&)8"!+0"'/%,/(!%",(!0&,&-+8"2HDNB)(,9"366O=J P$)"8)'-+0".--;"&8"A%)8$"!+0"G,-+)".D"H&'$!(0"G)++),,9"B$&'$"()'-+8,(/',8"!"$&8,-(&'!%"1)+)!%-1D"-* ",$)" UHODWLRQVKLS EHWZHHQ WKH ERG\ RU UDWKHU ÁHVK DQG FLWLHV ,Q SDUWLFXODU 6HQQHWW GLUHFWO\ UHODWHV QXGLW\ RI DUQ '$&,)',/()"B&,$"+!;)0+)88"-* ",$)".-0D9")8#)'&!%%D"&+",$)"R());"'&@&%&L!,&-+J"K+"!"'$!#,)(")+,&,%)0"?!;)0+)889" G)++),,"()'!%%8",$)"'%-8)"%&+;".),B))+",$)"2<!%)=".-0D9"0)<-'(!'D"!+0",$)"'&,D"&+",$)"E,$)+8"-* "S)(&'%)8T" ´7R WKH DQFLHQW $WKHQLDQ GLVSOD\LQJ RQHVHOI DIÀUPHG RQH·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

P$)")C#-8/()"-* ",$)"+!;)0".-0D"2#()0-<&+!+,%D"<!%)="V#/,8"&,8"8,!<#"-+",$)"8,-+)8"-* "E,$)+8W9"!+0",$)" '&,D"#(-/0%D"0&8#%!D8",$)"'-(()8#-+0&+1"+/0&,D"-* "!('$&,)',/()T"VS)(&;%)8"')%).(!,)0"!+"E,$)+8"&+"B$&'$"$!(Q PRQ\ VHHPHG WR UHLJQ EHWZHHQ ÁHVK DQG VWRQHµ 6HQQHWW S , ZLOO QRZ FRQVLGHU ÀYH QDNHG ERGLHV ,$!,"!()"&<#-(,!+,"*-("!('$&,)',/()"!+0",$)"'&,DJ"K,"&8"%&,,%)"<-()",$!+"!"#(),)C,9"!%<-8,"M/8,"!"%-1&'!%",$()!0"&+" -(0)(",-"'!((D",$(-/1$",$)"()!8-+&+19"0)@)%-#&+1"-+"8-<)"-* "<D"#()@&-/8"B-(;"2S!.!9"\]3]=J 7KH À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`-/"'!+"8!D9"#!(!0-C&'!%%D9",$!,"I)-+!(0-Y8"_&,(/@&!+"#&',/()" ,)%%8"/8",$!,"&0)!%"<!+"a"#)(*)',"!+0")C!',%D"#(-#-(,&-+)0"a"0-)8"+-,"()!%%D")C&8,J"7!D.)"D-/"'!+"8!D",$!," ,$)"&<#-(,!+')"-* ",$)"_&,(/@&!+"7!+".D"I)-+!(0-"0!"_&+'&"$!8".))+"-@)()<#$!8&L)09"B$&%)",$)",$-/8!+08" -* "0(!B&+18"!+0"8;),'$)8".D"I)-+!(0-"8$-B)0"$&8"&+,)()8,"&+",$)"()!%".-0&)8"-* "B-<)+"!+0"<)+9"*/%%"-* " 0)*)',8"!+0"0)*-(<&,&)89"8&';9"V/1%DW9",(/%D"()!%J"P$)"%&,)(!,/()"-+",$)"7-0/%-(".D"I)"^-(./8&)("&8")+0%)88" ,--9"!+0"+-,"</'$"<-()"'!+".)"!00)0J"K,"&8"')(,!&+%D"!"<!%)".-0D"2)@)+",$-/1$",$)()"&8"!"*)<!%)"@)(8&-+9"8))" b!(#)(9"\]33=9"!+0"I)"^-(./8&)("$&<8)%* "&8")C#%&'&,"&+",$&8"()1!(0J"G-"$)"B(-,)"&+"!"%),,)("-* "363[T" ´7KH QDNHG PDQ IRU PH LV WKH PDQ ZKR KDV VXUPRXQWHG KLPVHOI « D FRPSOH[ RI ÀUP DQG UHFWDQJXODU SODQHV 7KH QDQ ;)0"<!+"*-("<)"&8"!('$&,)',/()J"U$)+"K"+-"%-+1)("<!;)"!('$&,)',/()9"K"8))")@)(D,$&+1"!8"B-<)+W"2'&,J"&+"b--#)("\]]\=J

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

3 | 59

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ÁH[LEOH IULHQGO\ GRPHVWLF WRRO ,Q WKH VSHHFK DQG GUDZLQJV WKHUH DUH 7+2"/$&*-#".+#%"/&,/2,#%$<+%8#".+#R$)'&/77$#%+2$+%8#".+#%-%"+5#'4 #O.$&+%+#)'S+%#"./"#/**'3#1%#"'#5+/%12+#/&,# ,+%$6&#".+#3'2*,#%'#+S/7"*-8#$&#/#5/".+5/"$7/*#/&,#$&+S'2/)*+#3/-8#)1"#".+%+#/%(+7"%#/2+#(2+%+&"+,#3$".#%'5+# 1&,+2%"/"+5+&"=#9!#3$**#%(+/A#/%#/#72/4"%5/&:8#%'#)+6$&%#".+#%(++7.#'4 #O'2)1T#".+#0',1*'2#$%#/#%$5(*+#"''*8# XVHIXO DQG LPSHUIHFW OLNH D UDGLR ZKLFK ´KDV LWV IDGLQJ LWV QRLVH LWV QRW VR ZHOO GHÀQHG ZDYHVµ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`+,,+%8#a/Y1+*$&+#J-23.$""8#],$".#]*5+2#b'',#/&,#O/".+2$&+#V/1+2#$&#".+# HQYLURQPHQW GRPLQDWHG E\ WKH ÀJXUHV RI 3DWULFN *HGGHV DQG /HZLV 0XPIRUG J.+%+#/2+#'4"+&#%"'2$+%#'4 #7*/&,+%"$&+#3'2A8#&+6*+7"+,#%A$**%8#%'5+"$5+%#%"'2$+%#'4 #%1)Z16/"$'&#/&,#(%-7.'I *'6$7/*#;$'*+&7+8#)1"#O'*'5$&/#.$6.*$6."%#/&'".+2#$5('2"/&"#/%(+7"#'4 #".+%+#7'**/)'2/"$'&%T#%.+#+5(./%$<+%# ".+#$&"+2/7"$;+#&/"12+#'4 #".+#3'2A#'4 #,+%$6&#/&,#/27.$"+7"12+#1&,+2%"'',#/%#7'55'&#3'2A=#!&#/,,$"$'&8# 7'55'&#3'2A$&6#7/&#)+#+%(+7$/**-#(2',17"$;+#3.+&#5+&#/&,#3'5+&#/2+#(1"#"'6+".+28#(2+7$%+*-#)+7/1%+#'4 # ".+$2#,$;+2%$"-T#5+&#/&,#3'5+&#$&"+&,+,#/*5'%"#*$A+#,$44+2+&"#%(+7$+%8#7'5(/&$'&#%(+7$+%#D$&#".+#3'2,%#'4 # K'&&/#@/2/3/-8#EFFcH#3.'%+#,$44+2+&7+%8#$&#7'**/)'2/"$'&8#7/&#6$;+#(2'4+%%$'&/*#(+24'25/&7+%#/#(/2"$71*/2# SK\VLFDO DQG PHQWDO DJLOLW\ VR DV WR RYHUFRPH WKH REVWDFOHV RI D GLIÀFXOW MRE DQG JDLQ D FRPSOHWHQHVV WKDW /*'&+8#3'1*,#)+#1&/""/$&/)*+= ?+"X%#6'#)/7A#"'#?+#O'2)1%$+2=#J.+#($7"12+#/((+/2%#$&#/&#+%%/-#)-#O'*'5$&/#,+;'"+,#"'#".+#.'*$,/-#.'5+# ,+%$6&+,# )-# ]$*++&# `2/-8# )1$*"# $&# GMEWIEM# '&# ".+# 2'7A%# '4 # ['Y1+)21&+IO/(I0/2"$&8# )+"3++&# _$7+# /&,# 0+&"'&=#J.+#.'1%+#$%#/#5$%1&,+2%"'',#5/%"+2($+7+#'4 #2/"$'&/*$%"#/27.$"+7"12+8#/&,#)+4'2+#!#"/*A#/)'1"#"./"# ($7"12+#'4 #?+#O'2)1%$+2X%#&/A+,#)',-8#!#Z1%"#3/&"#"'#4'71%#5-#/""+&"$'&#'&#".$%#;$**/8#$&"+62/"$&6#".+#7'&I %$,+2/"$'&%#'4 #O'*'5$&/#3$".#".+#/&/*-%$%#'4 #O/2'*$&+#O'&%"/&"#/&,#a/%5$&+#[/1*"=#O'&%"/&"#"/*A%#/)'1"#/# 9&'&I.+2'$7#5',+2&$%5:8#/#A$&,#'4 #"+5(+2+,#2/"$'&/*$%5=#J.+#.'1%+#$%#$&#4/7"#)1$*"#42'5#".+#$&%$,+8#%"/2"$&6# 42'5#".+#7'&72+"+#&++,%#'4 #*$4+8#/&,#".+#)',-T# 9`2/-#2+&,+2+,#".+#%1)Z+7"#/&#/7"$;+#/6+&"#$&#.+2#+&;$2'&5+&"8#4'27+41**-#%./($&6#".+#%(/7+#"'#2+7+$;+#.+28#5'2+#/# (/2"$7$(/&"#"./&#/#5+2+#'771(/&"=#d===e#C.+#+&6/6+,#/**#'4 #".+#%+&%+%#"'#+&"2/&7+#".+#'771(/&"X%#7'&%7$'1%&+%%#'4 #)',$*-# $55+2%$'&#$&#/#%+Y1+&7+#'4 #+S(+2$+&7+%:# DO'&%"/&"8#EFFf8#((=#MfIGEWH=

4 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

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Ã&#x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Ã&#x20AC;YH VNLQV IURP WKH ERG\ WR WKH FRVPRV ZH FDQ VD\ 7KH Ã&#x20AC;UVW VNLQ LV QDWXUDOO\ WKH HSLGHUPLV WKDW VXUURXQGV RXU ERG\ WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW KRXVH ZH OLYH LQ WKH FORWKHV DUH WKH VHFRQG VNLQ FRQVLGHUHG DV H[WHQVLRQV RI #%&$.)5/$B'*5$K"*5&8#9'44&8$'14)$5&4,+*&5$(1)#%&4$'*5$4%)&4$4",#'.1&$7)8$#%&$%&'1#%$)7 $#%&$.)5/C\$#%&$#%,85$ VNLQ LV WKH KRXVH DQG LQ WKH 0XQLFK DQG 9LHQQD VSHHFKHV Â´WKH Ã&#x20AC;UVW VNLQ ZDV ODLG EDUH WR EHWWHU SURFODLP WKH 8,+%#$#)$#%&$#%,85]3$#%&$8,+%#$#)$'$%)2&$*)$1)*+&8$4#8,;;&5$)7 $'11$)8*'2&*#3$'$1,-,*+$%)"4&3$5,8&(#1/$#8'*47)8@ 2&5$./$#%&$,*%'.,#'*#4\$#%&$7)"8#%$4?,*$,4$('11&5$,5&*#,#/$'*5$,4$#%&$;1'(&$,*$9%,(%$7'2,1,&4$'*5$%)2&4$'8&$ FRQWDLQHG WKH QHLJKERUKRRG WKH FLW\ ZKLOH WKH Ã&#x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`,*5)9]$'*5$)*$_I%&$I8&&$I&*'*#]$,*5,('#&$#%&$ SRVVLELOLW\ IRU SHRSOH WR WUDQVIRUP WKHLU RZQ KRPH DQG Ã&#x20AC;OO LW ZLWK JUHHQHU\ DQG WUHHV WKH KRXVH RI +XQ@ 5&8#9'44&8$.&,*+$()*(&,-&5$'4$'$*'#"8'1$'*5$-&+&#'1$2'(%,*&\$#%&$2'*,7&4#)4$)*$#%&$K"2"4$I),1&#$'*5$)*$ I%&$V'(8&5$V%,#$;)4&$#%&$;8).1&2$)7 $9'4#&$8&(/(1,*+$'*5$;8);)4&$'$2)8&$+&*&8'1$,5&'$)7 $)"8$8&1'#,)*4%,;$ ZLWK WKH HQYLURQPHQW WKH Ã&#x20AC;IWK VNLQ Â´6KLW LV RXU VRXO > @ 7KH IUDJUDQFH RI KXPXV LV KRO\ DQG FORVHU WR <)5$#%'*$#%'#$)7 $78'*?,*(&*4&=$a===b$I%&$42&11$)7 $%"2"4$,4$#%&$42&11$)7 $<)53$#%&$8&4"88&(#,)*$)7 $42&113$#%&$

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

5 | 59

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`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a3(6AB)@0%)#6&D+*#3% B63#)%*0#%!B;#)D(!(&6%&' %^+*)(2J%\#33#!4%&)%*0#%("+@#!%&' %*0#%!"+$$%2&""B6(*,%*0+*%+B*&6&"&B!$,%"+6+C @#!%*0#%(6*#)(&)%!;+2#!%&' %*0#%A$&2J!%&6%1B66,!(3#%\+)3#6!4%F0#)#%b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b&63&6%+)#+4%*+$J!%+A&B*%+%)#@#6.3=#)+*(&6%(6%*0#%!#$'C;)&3B2*(&6%&' %'&&34%+!%+%;)&2#!!%&' %)#@#6#)+*(&6%&' % ;)&?("(*,%+@)(2B$*B)#%+63%20+6@#%(6%'+)"(6@%;)+2*(2#!%3)(D#6%A,%F&"#6Y%$#!!%B!#%&' %'#)*($(_#)!4%2+)#'B$%20&(2#% &' %2)&;!%+63%!##3!4%ZB#!*(&6(6@%&' %*0#%*)+3(*(&6+$%'&&3%2B$*B)#4%+63%6&*%$#+!*%+$!&%+%"&)#%!#6!(*(D#%#,#%*&% DHVWKHWLFV LQ WKH DUUDQJHPHQW DQG PDQDJHPHQW RI FXOWLYDWHG Ã&#x20AC;HOGV %XFNLQJKDP

6 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#"$"%&"' !""#$%&'(!)(*+,,-.(!"##$%$&$'()*%+),*-./&$%$'()$%)0$'(1!23#4)56$&2-276$.*&)839*%$-#)*-)*):$-'23()2; )02%-.$2/-%"--<) /0%&'(12034#56(+7(*+.6(++78+9-) :;$<=#$4'4(>)(*+,,7.((?/D OLQHD FKH GLVWLQJXH OD Ã&#x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`)6(H&E#$';$(a)6(#35)6(*+,,9.(L2+()*%+)L/$&+$%B4)I--*(-)$%)'6")06*%B$%B)?"&*'$2%)2; )L2+()*%+)H3.6$'".'/3")( P&%\$43<#6(>QH(G$#55) /&$&U&V(T)])(*+,,^.(=6"%)J7".$"-),""'<(>4''#&b;B45)(D'4E#$542V(;I (>4''#5;2&(G$#55) /&$b#$(G)(*+,OO.(E")0239/-$"3)M)=2#"%N)A6")!"#$%$-')O2("/3P(!E&4B&\B#(;'(=22bAccUUU)B&b$;5b#224E&)#0c9-^c /;;b#$(:)(*+,,+.(839*%)J7*."Q),2+"3%$'(Q)*%+),*-./&$%$-')R"-$3"<(Q':4'<&%&'(!)6(1&'3#$5(F)6(d;$&J=(a)6(#35)( S%\;34#3(D2;b4&5A(`#'3#$6(1;J4&B(P=&'<#6(&'3(2=#(>;3#$'(>#2$;b;B45)(F;'3;'cZ#U([;$"6(a;02B#3<#) /;5#V(F)(*+,,O.(/433#'(F4'#5A(`#'3#$6(a&J#6(&'3(2=#(:;3V(4'(`$&b=4J(12&'3&$35)(];0$'&B(;I (!$J=42#J20$&B( S30J&24;'6(99(*+.6(O,O8OO+) G&\&(`)(*+,O,.(0237$)/39*%$<)R$;;"3"%G"Q)$%'"3*G$2%$6(b;B424J=#)(>4B&';6(R$&'J;!'<#B4) G&\&(`)6(G#$$;'#(*+,OO.)(=23+-Q)L2+$"-Q)A6$%B-<)5&*%%$%B)A6"23()M)?"-"*3.66(O+(*+7.6(M,N8M,7) G#$$;'#(G)(*+,O,.('LYHU&LW\ &RQRVFHQ]D SLDQLÃ&#x20AC;FD]LRQH FLWWj GHOOH GLIIHUHQ]H)(>4B&';6(R$&'J;!'<#B4) G;BB&$3(Q(e(:(*+,,N.(A6")S*T"+)C*3+"%"3-4)H99"():2/-")C*3+"%-)(F;'3;'6(G&b&3&"45) a&0B2(])(*+,OO.)I$&""%)C3*()*%+)'6")R"-$B%)2; )J*776$.),2+"3%$'(4)J'*($%B)$%<(F;'3;'6(!5=<&2#) a#52&'V(G)(*+,,O.(:/%+"3'D*--"34)A6")5*$%'"31U$%B)D$'6)'6")!$F")JT$%-)(XfB'6(H&5J=#') aVgU#$2(])(*O77-.(A6")R*%.$%B)02&/#%4)V%)V3+"3)$%)H3.6$'".'/3"<(P&%\$43<#6(>QH(G$#55) J**3$%"%)I<)>WXYZ@)A6")0$'(4)['-)C32D'6Q)['-)R".*(Q)['-)!/'/3"<(Z#U([;$"6(a#4'=;B3) 1#''#22(a)(*O77-.)(RB#5=(&'3(12;'#A(H=#(:;3V(&'3(2=#(P42V(4'(W#52#$'(P4E4B4K&24;')(Z#U([;$"6(Z;$2;'(e( P;%b&'V)

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

7 | 59

?$50/(9*"$%&@,$(,0&'$(&21'$$"$% A#.#(I#.>-"2$2

'LSDUWLPHQWR GL 8UEDQLVWLFD H 3LDQLÀFD]LRQH 7HUULWRULDOH #.E*'1#.>-"2$2JG&#2"'E-& ;;;K699L6:(

)*23(=#=+.(#2&3(>-(2$>.-F%E+(G+$F+.(.+3+#.E*M3(.-->3'(N+$F+.(3>%F2+3(1-.$(2$(O$G"-CA#P-$(E-%$>.2+3(F%.2$G(+2G*>2+3( #/>+.(/+&2$23>(&-7+&+$>'(Q%.2$G(B2$+>2+3(="#$$2$G(#$F(="#$$+.3(>--(3>#.>(>-(1+(2$>+.+3>+F(2$(G+$F+.(233%+3(#$F(>.R(>-( FRQVWUXFW D QHZ HSLVWHPRORJ\ EDVHG RQ WKH LGHD RI GLIIHUHQFHV 7KLV LV D VXUYH\ RQ JHQGHU GHÀQLWLRQ DQG RQ LQWHUDFWLRQ 1+><++$(G+$F+.(#$F(="#$$2$GS(>-(>.R(>-(E-$3>.%E>(#($+<(.+3+#.E*(<#R4(%3+/%"(>-(*#7+(#($+<(T$-<"+FG+(E-$3>.%E>2-$' 0$>2"(2$>.-F%E>2-$(-/ (F2//+.+$E+3(E-$E+=>(2$(="#$$2$G(>*+-.R($-C-$+(<#3(2$>+.+3>+F(2$(>*23(U%+3>2-$(V>-(<*-&(23(>*+( FLW\"µ WRGD\ ZH XVH WR UHÁHFW RQ LQFOXVLRQ DQG H[FOXVLRQ E\ WKH FLW\ SODQQHUV XVH WR UHVHDUFK DQG FRQVWUXFW LQFOXVLRQ =-"2E2+34(>.R2$G(>-(2&#G+(#($+<(E2>R(-/ (2$E"%32-$'(W+&2$23>(&-7+&+$>(3>#.>+F(>-(F.+#&(#($+<(E2>R(F%.2$G(3+7+$>2+3(#$F( 3>#.>+F(>-(>+""(#($+<(3>-.R(#1-%>("272$G(#$F(E-$3>.%E>2$G(=%1"2E(#$F(=.27#>+(3=#E+3'

!"#$%&'(()(*$)+"', 7KH LVVXH DERXW JHQGHU DQG FLW\ LV D SDUW RI ´FLW\ GLIIHUHQFHVµ UHÁHFWLRQ DQG RI /HIHEYUH·V LGHDV RQ FLW\ DQG !"#"$%&'(")*#+,'-%&.%('+#/."%+0'(11#+'2(%'"&'3%4"&"+#'516%4%&#7'"&'82#("2(!*29'+1!"%#:'!("#"!+'42.%'./("&)'#*%' ;%6%&#"%+'<:'=14%&'!92"4"&)'2'(")*#'#1'2&'"&.%8%&.%&#'(/9%'>.%'?%261"(7'@AB@C'3"(%+#1&'@AD@C'3("%.2&'@ABEC' 5"99%#'@AD@C'F"<%(1'@AAAG *HQGHU GLIIHUHQFHV KDYH D VWURQJ LQÁXHQFH RQ OLIH H[SHULHQFHV RI LQGLYLGXDOV DQG JURXSV DQG LQ RYHUDOO VRFLDO UHODWLRQVKLS FLW\ DPSOLÀHV GLIIHUHQFHV EHFDXVH LW LV SODFH RI D ELJ QXPEHU RI UHODWLRQVKLSV H%+8"#%'1I '51.%(&'".%2+7'!"#:'"+'&1#'+14%#*"&)'&%/#(29'#1=2(.'8%189%J'!"#"$%&'2&.'!"#:'*26%'+#(1&)'(%92K #"1&+*"8+7'2&.'/(<2&'+82!%'+*28%'(%92#"1&+*"8+'2&.'<%*26"1(+,'L92&&%(+7'#*2#'*26%'2'41.%(&'#(2."#"1&'288(1K DFK GLG QRW XVHG WR GLVWLQJXLVK DPRQJ SHUVRQV RU DPRQJ JURXSV DIÀOLDWLRQ RI SHRSOH WKDW OLYH WKH FLWLHV F%+%2(!*'1&')%&.%('."II%(%&!%+'+#2(#%.'./("&)'#*%';"M#"%+7'="#*'F2."!29'3%4"&"+#'516%4%&#'2&.'81+#K!191K &"29'(%6"%=,'?/#'1&9:'+"&!%'N")*#"%+'2&.'O"&%#"%+'892&&%(+'<%)2&'#1'+#/.:')%&.%('2&.'!"#:'"&#%(2!#"1&+'2&.'#1' LQWURGXFH D QHZ SODQQLQJ HSLVWHPRORJ\ $ ORW RI ZRPHQ À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À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ÀUVW RI DOO DQ "&#%(2!#"6%'2!#"6"#:7'!144/&"!2#"1&7'2&.'2'819"#"!29'2!#, 6DQGHUFRFN DUJXH WKDW WKH À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

6LQFH WKV D ÁXUU\ RI IHPLQLVW WKRXJKWV DQG SDSHUV VWDUW WR EH UHODWHG WR FLW\ FRQVWUXFWLRQ DQG XUEDQ ZD\ 1I '9"I%,'S*%:'+#2(#'#1'=("#%'2'&%='+#1(:7'."II%(%&#'I(14'#*%'8(%.14"&2&#'41.%(&'&2((2#"6%, _&./+#("29'!"#"%+'=%(%'892&&%(+'"&'2'(")".'."6"+"1&'1I '+82!%+7'="#*'2'$11&"&)'288(12!*,'`11&"&)'/+%.'#1'!(%K

10 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

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Âµ LV QRW XQLYRFDO GHÃ&#x20AC;QLWLRQ RIWHQ SHRSOH XVH WR UHODWH LW RQO\ WR D VH[XDO GLIIHUHQFH *HQGHU LV QRW UHODWHG .&"3$+#?$64"$.&"3$+-*&!1$(41#+$"3!"$+-*&#";$A!11$-' $4+B$8&2#+$"-$%&''#(#)"$+#?#+< Q#)%#($&+$!$,-1&*;$'(!:#.-(/$-' $#?*14+&-)$A-' $+-:#$+46@#*"$!)%$6-%&#+B9$8#)%#($&+$!$%#2&*#$'-($+-*&!1$-(%#(< -RDQ : 6FRWW GHÃ&#x20AC;QH JHQGHU DV PL$*-)+"&"4"&2#$#1#:#)"$-' $+-*&!1$(#1!"&-)+3&,+$6!+#%$-)$,#(*#&2#%$+#?#+$%&''#(#)*#+0$!$,(&:!(;$.!;$-' $+&8)&';&)8$(#1!G "&-)+3&,+$,-.#($8#)#(!"&)8R$!)%$P8#)%#($:#!)+$:#)$!)%$.-:#)0$+&8)&';$6;$+-*&!10$,+;*3-1-8&*!1$!)%$*41"4(!1$*3!(!*"#G (&+"&*$A'#:&)&)&";$!)%$:!+*41&)&";$*-)+"(4*"&-)$!+$!$3&+"-(&*!1G*41"4(!1$!*"BR$$A&)$S&6#(-0$TUUUB

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Ã&#x20AC;UVW RI DOO WR FKDQJH LQVWLWXWLRQ IDPLO\ DQG FXOWXUH =,#!/&)8$!6-4"$V"!1;0$(!%&*!1$'#:&)&+"$6--/+$!,,#!($&)$MN"3+<$$W!"#$>&11#""$P=#?4!1$,-1&"&*+R$.!+$,461&+3#%$&)$ TUMT<$H3&+$6--/$#?,(#++$,!"(&!(*3!1$"3#-(;<$ Â´6H[XDO GLIIHUHQFHV DUH Ã&#x20AC;UVW RI DOO SRZHU GLIIHUHQFHV PHQ XVHG LW IRU D ORQJ WLPH WR LPSRVH E\ UHOLJLRQ SROLF\ ODZ #%4*!"&-)0$*41"4(#0$"3#&($,-.#($!)%$(#,(#++&-)$-)$.-:#)$,(-*(#!"&-)$,-.#(RA>&11#"0$TUMT0$,<$XYB

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

11 | 59

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ÀUVW VHOI HPSRZHUPHQW SURFHVV 6SHDNLQJ DERXW WKHLU OLYHV ZRO PHQ VWDUW GR GHFRQVWUXFW WKH GLVWLQFWLRQ EHWZHHQ SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH DV RQH RI WKH À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ÀQLQJ D ODZ RQ XUEDQ VWDQGDUGV RQH RI WKH ÀUVW VRFLDO UHGLVWULEXWLRQ WRROV LQ RXU FRXQWU\ WKDW $-0.&+"&5"6.-#(/&5$/(&$.&$&."5-$*&'"/G&$6#&6"+&"6*%&$&>/-4$+(&E1(.+-"6&/(*(@$+(#&+"&0"+,(/&/1*(.;& $W WKH VDPH WLPH D UHÁ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ÀHOG JHQGHU LV FKDUDFWHUL]HG E\ LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ *HRJUDSK\ SODQQLQJ SROLF\ LQO WHUWZLQH LQ JHQGHU UHVHDUFK 7KURXJK JHQGHU UHVHDUFK SODQQLQJ ÀQG QHZ LQVWUXPHQWV WR H[SODLQ DQG GHVFULO 3(&5-+%D&.,$#"'-6@2&"3.(/4$+-"6.2&#((>&-6+(/4-('.; Q6+"6(**$&S"6#-6"6(&$6#&S$5,(*(&I"/@,-&3""G&*HRJUDÀH GL JHQHUH&HL::KM&.,"'.&6('&>*$66-6@&E1(.+-"6&-6& @(6#(/&/(.($/5,&(.>(5-$**%&/()(//(#&+"&/(.($/5,(/&/1*(.&$6#&+,(&/(*$+-"6.,->.&3(+'((6&/(.($/5,(/&$6#&/(.($/5,& REMHFW 3ODQQHU DQG SROLFLHV PDNHUV JRDO LV WR VHUYH WKH SXEOLF LQWHUHVW (DV\ WR VD\ EXW GLIÀFXOW WR GR EHO FDXVH LW·V ÀUVW RI DOO GLIÀFXOW WR XQGHUVWDQG ZKLFK LV WKH SXEOLF LQWHUHVW )LUVW VWHS WR GHWHUPLQHG ZKLFK LV WKH LQWHUHVW LV WR XQGHUVWDQG WKDW WKHUH LV QR VLQJOH DQG XQLÀHG SXEOLF LQWHUHVW WKHUH DUH D ORW RI LQWHUHVW VRPHO RQH VWURQJ VRPHRQH IHHEOH VRPHRQH SRZHUIXO VRPH SRZHUOHVV 'LIIHUHQW SXEOLF KDYH GLIIHUHQW LQÁXHQFH ") &>"'(/&-6&."5-(+%&$6#&-6&>13*-5&#(5-.-"6&0$G-6@&>/"5(..(.;&Y*$66-6@&$6#&>"*-5%&0$G-6@&'(/(&,-.+"/-5$**%& >"..(..-"6&") &'-+,&$6#&0-##*(&5*$..&0(6;&P,$+&G-6#&") &5-+%&+"&'(&,$4(&-) &'(&.+$/+&+"&+$G(&#(5-.-"6&+,/"1@,& +,(&*(6.&") &@(6#(/&#-))(/(65(.F *HQGHU UHVHDUFK WU\ WR FRQVWUXFW D QHZ UHVHDUFK ZD\ GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW PHHWLQJ RI 3DHVDJJL $ELWDWL %DUEDUD Y-88"&.>""G(#&$3"1+&/-@,+&+"&+,(&5-+%W&@(6#(/&-.&$&6('&5"6.+/15+-"6&") &/-@,+&+"&+,(&5-+%&3(5$1.(&+/%&+"&,(*>& D QHZ YLVLRQ WR HPHUJH WU\ WR VHH WKH FLW\ DV D ÀHOG WR DQVZHU WR GLIIHUHQW QHHGV QRW D SODFH RI H[FOXVLRQ

12 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#"$"%&"' !!"##"$%&''()$'HVLGHULR LQ FLWWj 3HUFRUVL GL GRQQH VXOO·DELWDUH*$+,-./0$12$#0/0324 50$6047,28$9"*$%:(;:)$!"#$%&'()'#$%$$'*$<2=4/,*$>=$?4@@24A,80 6,BB24$<"C"*$%:((')$/·LR LQ ULYROWD 9LVVXWR H SHQVLHUR GL &DUOD /RQ]L*$C4$D48A48.@4 6,8@E2$F"$F,/12/,/0$!"*$%&''()$*HRJUDÀ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j*$<2=4/,*$Y1232,/2$12$+,-./2AZ I4B,[$I"*$%:(;:)$;6%#)%2,6#2()#"-4%#'4 #.5%2,#<0%5-&2(#&-,-%$*$J0K$L,8M*$#2/A4@0 <2==0A$\"*$%:(T:)$92#1'"-,-&2#)%"#$%$$'*$<2=4/,*$F233,=2 F2[08,$!"*$%:((()$8QD TXHVWLRQH GL OLEHUWj*$D,82/,*$F,?0-[08@$]$90==208 94/108B,BM$C"*$R,8?SAE$!"*$%:((&)$:%0-(-$,#,6%'5=#2()#1"2((-(.#,6%'5=3#,6%#%1-$,%0'"'.-&2"#"-(7$"$>/$Q=4//2/@$DE0,8S$ J0K?=0AA08*$D,82/,*$52H48A2-0/A,$>/A084A0/0,$D0882A,82, 94/108B,BM$C"$%:((U)$9HUVR FRVPRSROLV &LWWj PXOWLFXOWXUDOL H SLDQLÀFD]LRQH XUEDQD*$6482*$Y1232,/2$5014=, 94/108B,BM$C"$%&''W)$<#.%()%5#2.%()23#(%/#)-5%&,-'(#-(#1"2((-(.#,6%'5=*$2/$N0/108$4/1$Q=4//2/@$4$804108*$F.A@08? 9H42/$5"*$%:((&)$>%()%5%)#?12&%$*$J"+"*$G/2708?2AS$,P $J,8AE$+48,=2/4$Q80??

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

13 | 59

!,5?)&21':&'5&@9"1("$%&5A,&6"5:B& 5A,&6A"1(0,$&./0&5A,&2941"*&C+'*, I272#$#(!+>.%EE2

J33-E2#K2-$+(L#$>2+.2L-&%$2 727'=+>.%EE2MG&#2"'E-& <<<'E#$>2+.2E-&%$2'-.G(

The touch is the sense most used by children; tactile education is of fundamental importance to recovery a dimension of our daily experience that, while we grow, we risk losing. The touch is the only sense that contain an element of reciprocity, because you canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t touch without being touched. Touch brings people close to each other and to the space, and offers a more profound and attentive perception. The urban space should be immagined as a large tactile platform, able to surprise and intrigue children to offer them new opportunities to learn.

!"#$%&'()*&)#&+,-(.-/0&#1"&2-#*3&#1"&21-(.4"/&564&#1"&',+(-2&%')2" !"#$%&"'($%)$(%)*(+,&'%$-(./(%)*($%,(+)/0(1,)$(.2 (3&2,-((%)*()(1)/4-()(')/0,"$-()(*4&"-(+%&5%(&*(5%&66,7-(*0..$%(./( &"$)5$-()33($%&*(5)"(1,()3+)#*($.85%,7(1#($%,(%)"79(:$(&*()"(,;6,/&,"5,($%)$($%,(*&'%$(./($%,(*6&/&$(1#(&$*,32 (5)"".$(/,)3&<,9( 7R RZQ WKH ZRUOG ZH QHHG D NLQG RI WDFWLOH VPHOO 7KH VLJKW VOLGHV DFURVV WKH XQLYHUVH 7KH DFWLRQ RI WKH KDQG GHÀQHV $%,(=)5880(.2 ($%,(*6)5,()"7($%,(+,&'%$(.2 ($%&"'*($%)$(.5586#(&$9 >,"/&(?.5&33."@(

A%,($&$3,(.2 ($%&*()/$&53,(BC,$D*(63)#()$(18&37&"'($%,(5&$#E($%,(5%&37/,"(2./($%,(6813&5(*6)5,F(/,2,/*($.($%,($&$3,(.2 ( 0#(G%H($%,*&*-()(/,*,)/5%I)5$&."()&0,7()$(&"=,*$&')$&"'(7,,63#($%,(5.063,;(/,3)$&."*%&6(1,$+,,"(5%&37/,"( DQG WKH FLW\ DQG WKHLU UROH LQ GHÀQLQJ SODQQLQJ FKRLFHV J%&37/,"(",,7($%,(5&$#($.(3&=,()"7(/,)3&<,((,"=&/."0,"$)3(,;6,/&,"5,*-($%)$()/,(",5,**)/#(2./($%,(2833(7,=,I 3.60,"$(.2 ($%,&/()8$.".0#-($%,&/(*,"*./#I0.$./(&"$,33&',"5,-($%,&/(5.'"&$&=,(6/.5,**,*()"7($%,&/(/,3)$&.")3( FDSDELOLW\ &LW\ QHHGV WKH FKLOGUHQ WR UHGLVFRYHU LWV VHOI FRQÀGHQFH LWV VHQVH RI VROLGDULW\ DQG WKH VHQVH RI 5.008"&$#()"7($.(/,I5."K8,/($%,(28"5$&."*(7,*5/&1,7(1#(>9(C,2,1=/,()*(*#01.3&5-(/,5/,)$&.")3(L63)#283M()"7( &"2./0)$&=,9( $ YDVW OLWHUDWXUH DQG VFLHQWLÀF VWXGLHV RQ WKH FRJQLWLYH GHYHORSPHQW RI D FKLOG GHPRQVWUDWH WKDW LQWHUDFWLRQV ZLWK SK\VLFDO VRFLDO DQG FXOWXUDO HQYLURQPHQW LV YHU\ LQÁXHQW 7KH TXDOLW\ RI VWLPXOL DQG HQYLURQPHQWDO H[SRVXUH WKDW WKH FKLOG H[SHULHQFHV GXULQJ WKH ÀUVW IHZ \HDUV FRQWULEXWH WR KLV SHUVRQDOLW\ DQG LW LV WKH EDVH 2./()33($%,(3,)/"&"'-($%,(4".+3,7',I18&37&"'()"7($%,(*4&33*($%)$($%,(5%&37(7,=,3.6*((78/&"'(%&*(,"$&/,(3&2,9 A%,(!8*$/&)"(6*#5%.)")3#*$(N/8".(N,$$,3%,&0O($/)"*2,/*($.($%,(5&$#($%,(5."5,6$(.2 (0.$%,/%..7(1,5)8*,( &$(*81*$&$8$,*($%,(0)$,/")3(8$,/8*E('..7(./(1)7(0.$%,/-('..7()"7(1)7()$($%,(*)0,($&0,-()*(,=,/#(0.$%,/(&*( %R]]R SJ 7KH ÀUVW XUEDQ IUDJPHQW WKDW WKH FKLOG H[SHULHQFH LV WKH IUDPHZRUN RI ZKDW ZLOO EH %&*(,0.$&.")3()"7(6,/5,6$&=,(%,/&$)',E(=,/#(#.8"'(5%&37/,"(0,,$($%,(,"=&/."0,"$($%/.8'%($%,&/(6)/,"$*()"7( $%,(8/1)"(,;6,/&,"5,(7,6,"7*(."($%,(+)#($%,*,(6,/*."*(3&=,($%,(5&$#-(+&$%(./(+&$%.8$($%,&/(5%&37/,"9(?/.0( $%,*,(5."*&7,/)$&."(5.0,($%,(&06./$)"5,(.2 ($%,(,"$&/,(5.008"&$#(&"(5%&37/,"D*(8/1)"(3&2,()"7(.2 ($%,(5&$#D*( )/5%&$,5$8/)3(K8)3&$#(2./($%,&/('/.+$%9 !0,/&5)"()"$%/.6.3.'&*$(P7+)/7(A9(>)33(&"(%&*(1..4(BA%,(%&77,"(7&0,"*&."F(&"(@QRR(7,0."*$/)$,*(%.+( SHRSOH DUH LQÁ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´YHOYHW\ ÁDYRXUµ LQ ZKLFK WKH 3,;&5)3(5.7,(.2 ()($)5$&3,(*,"*)$&."($.(7,*5/&1,()($)*$,(&*(8*,7($.(7,*5/&1,()(6,/5,6$&."(+,(8*,*($%,(3,;&5)3(5.7,( .2 ()($)5$&3,(*,"*)$&."9

@( A%,(K8.$,(&*(&"(BC,(0)"&('8)/7)".F-(5)$)3.'.(7,33)(0.*$/)-(S)33,/&)(V)<&.")3,(7D!/$,(W.7,/")-(X.0)(OYI:Z[(OIZ:I( @Q\]-(X.0)-(H,(C85)(P7&$./,-(@Q\]9 O( N/8".(N,$$,3%,&0(L^&,"")-(!8'8*$(O\$%-(@Q]_I`&3=,/(`6/&"'(J.8"$#-(J.3./)7.(W)/5%(@_$%-(@QQ]M(+)*()"(!8*$/&)"( 6*#5%.)")3#*$-(>,1/,+(1#(./&'&"U(/,28',,(&"(a`!-(+%,/,(%,($..4($%,(5&$&<,"*%&6E(>,(+)*(5%&37%..7(6*#5%.3.'&*$()"7( &"(6)/$&583)/(&"$,/,*$(."()8$&*09

16 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'(

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

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

17 | 59

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Â·V IXQGDPHQWDO ULJKWV UDWLÃ&#x20AC;HG E\ WKH FKLOGUHQÂ·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

!"#$%&'(

!"#"$"%&"' S9<<9$S9<<9$M+$T-..UV$)*++","-*'&'"+'#%.//.,"&+*0$79;3H$C%+$W#3;+$ X344#(&3$ 83<&9)34#$ %B1(!#$ Y9%#()3H$ 53!349:9$ %#443$ ;9*!(3$ 1&' 2.-"' #$.%3.-*H$ 79;3$ ZR[,\]$ Z[\,[$ -.U^H$ 79;3H$_#$M253$C%&!9(#+ `344$C+$@+$TZ^^-V$45&'6"33&-'7"2&-8"*-+$@3*53>&4&$S9;I&3)&+ M25&3)&$@+$TZ^--V$93'*,,5"',5"$8"'9%/&'&'9%/&'/&%.:".H$I2>4&*"#%$9)4&)# Â´&RQYHQWLRQ RQ WKH 5LJKWÂ·V RI WKH &KLOGÂµ 2Ã&#x20AC;LFH RI WKH 8QLWHG 1DWLRQV +LJK &RPPLVVLRQHU IRU +XPDQ 5LJKW 89L#;>#($-.U.+ R$ @"#$a29!#$9' $b#3)$S(2)#$&*$&)$?M#$;3)&$:23(%3)9GH$53!349:9$%#443$;9*!(3H$X344#(&3$83<&9)34#$%B1(!#$Y9%#()3H$ 79;3$ZR[,\]$Z[\,[$-.U^H$79;3H$_#$M253$C%&!9(#H$-.U^

18 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

6"5:&79590,?& @,5A/(/1/%"*'1&B9"(,1"$,)&./0&C'1'$*"$%&D$5,0,)5) I#12-(J-$7+.>2

K2=#.>2&+$>-(F2(J%">%.#(F+"(!.-G+>>A+E-$F#(0$27+.32>L(F2(B#=-"24(#.E*'E-$7+.>2M>2$'2> )+"'(9N:8N:OPO;;

J2>2+3(*#7+(#"<#Q3(1++$(E-$32F+.+F(>*+(/%"E.%&(<*+.+(>*+(G.+#>+3>(F+$32>Q(-/ (*%&#$(.+"#>2-$3*2=3(>#R+3(="#E+4(+7-"72$G( 2$((&#>+.2#"(-.(2&&#>+.2#"(/-.&'((S-<+7+.4(2>(<-%"F(1+(<.-$G(>-(E-$32F+.(>*+&(#3(3>.%E>%.+3(=.-72F+F(-/ (>*+2.(-<$( &+>#1-"23&4(<*2E*(E#$(1+(2$(#$(+T%2"21.2%&(3>#>+'(UE>%#""Q(>*+Q(#.+(3Q3>+&3(E-$3>#$>"Q(F+7+"-=2$G4(E*#.#E>+.2V+F(1Q(#( IXQFWLRQDO LPEDODQFH LQ UHODWLRQ WR FKDQJH SURFHVVHV 6R WKH\ EHKDYH OLNH UHDO OLIH IRUPV ZKLFK DSSHDU LQ SDUW FRQÀJXC .#1"+4(2$(=#.>(3%1W+E>+F(>-(3=-$>#$+-%3(&%>#>2-$3' J-$3+T%+$>"Q(>*+(/-.&4(>#R+$(1Q(E-$>+&=-.#.Q(E2>Q4(*#3(+&=*#32V+F(*-3>2"2>Q(+"+&+$>3(>-<#.F3(>*-3+(<*-(*#7+($->(( VSHFLÀF UHTXLUHPHQWV DQG VNLOOV DQG IRU WKLV UHDVRQ FDQQRW EH DEOH WR ´XVHµ FLW\ DV LW LV

!"#$%&'()"*+ !"#$%&'($)"#%#$)"&)$)"#$*&*#+$'(,#-)'.&)#-$'-$+#/&)#0$)1$)"#$+#/#,&(2#$13 $21()+'45)'1(-$)"&)$5+4&($-*&2#$ 133#+-$)1$)"#$0#,#/1*%#()$&(0$%&)5+')6$*+12#--#-$13 $-12'&/$+#/&)'1(-"'*-$&(0$'0#()')'#-7$&41,#$&//$21(-'0#+'(.$ WKH VLJQLÀFDQW LQÁXHQFH RI KLVWRULFDO DUFKLWHFWXUDO DQG QDWXUDO HOHPHQWV 'LVFXVVLQJ DERXW XUEDQ TXHVWLRQV PHDQV ÀUVW RI DOO XQGHUVWDQGLQJ WKH FOHDU DQG HYLGHQW VSHFLÀ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ÀHOG RI WKH VWUXFWXUHG RUJDQL]DWLRQ DQG H[SUHVVHG LQ ´RQH WR RQHµ UHODWLRQVKLSV C#$.&)"#+$)"&)$&//$*+12#--#-$13 $?-12'&/$+#*+1052)'1(@$&+#$0##*/6$21((#2)#0$)1$)"#$#D'-)#(2#$13 $*#1*/#7$21(8 (1)'(.$)"#'+$*"6-'2&/$9#//84#'(.$&(0$)"#'+$+#/&)'1(&/$&))')50#-< E19&0&6-$')$'-$9'0#/6$0#%1(-)+&)#0$)"&)$)"#$&+2"')#2)5+#$&(0$)"#$-"&*#$13 $)"#$21()#%*1+&+6$>')6$'-$&$+#8 /#,&()$3&2)1+$)1$&2"'#,#$&$4#))#+$F5&/')6$13 $/'3#<$G5)$)"#$+#&0'(.$&(0$)"#$5(0#+-)&(0'(.$13 $*/&2#-$/11A$-52"$ IUDJPHQWHG DQG XQJUDPPDWLFDO WKDW LW LV GLIÀ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ÀHOG &/%1-)$&4-)+&2)7$45)$&-$&$+#-5/)$13 $/1(.$&(0$-/19$/&6#+-7$9"'2"$-"15/0$4#$A(19($46$#,#+61(#$)1$4#$&4/#$)1$ '()#+,#(#$&(0$211*#+&)#<$I221+0'(.$)1$)"'-$,'-'1(7$)#++')1+6$2&((1)$4#$21(-'0#+#0$;5-)$&$%#+#$0&)5%<$J)$'-$)"#$ +#-5/)$13 $-#,#+&/$*+12#--#-7$-1%#$13 $(&)5+&/$2"&+&2)#+7$1)"#+$%&(8'(052#0$1(#<$I*&+)$3+1%$-)+52)5+#-7$31+$ H[DPSOH DOVR E\ XVLQJ RU FKRRVLQJ FRORXUV ZKLFK DUH SDUW RI WKH HOHPHQWV WKURXJK ZKLFK WKH VHQVHV ÀOWHU 3##/$&(0$5(0#+-)&(0$)"#$+#&/')6<$J($3&2)$21/15+-$2&($4#$21(-'0#+#0$&-$)"#$/','(.$/&(.5&.#$13 $(&)5+#7$9')"$9"'2"$ ')$'-$'%&.'(&4/#$)1$#-)&4/'-"$&$+#/&)'1(-"'*$13 $21%%5('2&)'1($&(0$&($'()#+*+#)&)',#$#D*#+'#(2#< >1/15+$-##%-$-54;#2)',#$)1$%1-)$*#1*/#7$4#2&5-#$')$+#,',#-$*+1315(0$%#%1+'#-$&(0$0#,#/1*-$%5/)'*/#$&--18 2'&)'1(-7$'(,1/,'(.$/&+.#$&+#&-$13 $)"#$4+&'(<$ 7KH ÁH[LELOLW\ RI YLVXDO H[SHULHQFH FUHDWHV D QHFHVVDU\ DGDSWDWLRQ RI LPDJH WKDW UHSUHVHQWV D VFKHPH IRU 21/15+$*+12#--'(.$9')"$')-$-5++15(0'(.-$&(0$')-$21()+&-)<$='(2#$)"'-$-6-)#%'2$+#&2)'1($'-$#%410'#0$&(0$?#D8 SHULHQWLDOµ FRORXU LV QRW SXUHO\ VXEMHFWLYH 3HRSOH DFWLYDWH VLPLODU ÁH[LEOH DQG DQWDJRQLVWV PHFKDQLVPV LQ 1+0#+$)1$*#+2#',#$&(0$21(2#',#$21/15+<$!"#$&(&/6-'-$13 $)"#$21(2#*)5&/$%#)&*"1+-$13 $21/15+$+#,#&/-$*&))#+(-$ 13 $*#+2#*)'1(7$21.(')'1($&(0$*+12#--'(.$13 $/&(.5&.#<$J($&221+0&(2#$9')"$)"#$&**+1&2"$13 $21.(')',#$/'(.5'8 VWLFV WKLV PDSSLQJ UHÁHFWV WKH PRWLYDWLRQ HPERGLHG LQ WKH ´GRXEOH PHDQLQJµ RI HDFK FRORXU ERWK DV OLJKW &(0$&-$%&)#+'&/<

,&"'$"#-./-'0.$'1&"'$"-"#$%& ,Q DUFKLWHFWXUH WKH XVH RI V\PEROV FRQYHQWLRQV FRORXUV DQG IDPLOLHV RI VLJQV GHÀ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

20 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'(!)*%!+&'$&, $-$.#'!-/$+.-0#$%&..*'+%-!+1#/2$#,,#%!+1#3 4, $!"#$+%&'+%$/-'0*-0#$%-'$-55#-)$)#-6+/2$*'6#)(!-'6-7/#8$-!$!"#$(-.#$!+.#$+!$%-'$7#$-.7+0*&*($-'6$7)+'0$!&$ GLIIHUHQW LQWHUSUHWDWLRQV ZKHQ LW LV QRW VXSSRUWHG E\ D VSHFLÀ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

!"#$%&'($) 4'$!"+($%&'!#>!8$-/(&$!"#$(#'(#$&, $/*>*)2$+'$-)%"+!#%!*)#$+($)#/-!#6$!&$!"#$7-(+%$6#(+)#$&, $)#0-+'$5&((#((+&'$ &, $(.-//$7#-*!+#($-'6$!)*!"($&, $6-+/2$/+,#M$!"#$,##/+'0($&, $+'!+.-%23$4!$+($)#/-!#6$!&$#.5!2$(5-%#($)-!"#)$!"-'$ ,*//$&'#(8$+!$+($.*%"$.&)#$-$.#'!-/$.-!!#)$!"-'$$-$5"2(+%-/$&'#8$+!$+($'&!$;#-/!"8$7*!$!)-'(5-)#'%23$N#$!-/:$ DERXW D QHZ VWRU\ ZKLFK FRPHV IURP WKH SDVW EULQJLQJ ZLWK LW WKH Á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À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

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

21 | 59

FXOWXUDO KHULWDJH :LWKRXW WKLV IXQGDPHQWDO LQWHOOHFWXDO DQG LQWHUSUHWDWLYH SURFHVV LW ZLOO EH GLIÀFXOW RU LP! "#$$%&'()*#)$*#+(),-.).('%/(+)*#)*0()12*2+())*($*%3#-%($)#1 ),+*),-.)0%$*#+45

!"#$%&'& 60()3#$*)%3"#+*,-*)$*("7),*)*0%$)"#%-*7)%$)+("+($(-*(.)&4)*0(),&%'%*4)*#)+(8#9-%:()*0()9(-%2$)'#8%7);0%80)%$) SUHVHQW LQ HYHU\ VLQJOH SODFH ZKHUH KLVWRU\ DQG PHPRU\ KDYH JURZQ ,W·V YHU\ GLIÀFXOW WR RXWOLQH H[DFWO\ ZKDW WKH JHQLXV ORFL LV IRUPHG E\ EHFDXVH LWV XQGHUVWDQGLQJ LV RIWHQ LQÁ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

(%)*+"&,%)& 7KURXJK D VKRUW OLVW RI UHIHUHQFHV WR GLIIHUHQW WKHPHV ÀQDOO\ ZH ZDQW WR RXWOLQH WKDW WKH VWDWH RI IDFW #1 )3,-4)2+&,-)+(,'%*%($)8#3"',%-*$)*0,*);(),+()(A"(+%(-8%-9),)9(-(+,')'#$$)#1 )%.(-*%*4)#1 )"',8($7);%*0)*0() 9+,.2,') .%$,""(,+,-8() #1 ) 3#$*) #1 ) *0() ,+80%*(8*2+,') 1(,*2+($) *0,*) 80,+,8*(+%:() ,) "+(8%$() 0%$*#+%8,') "(+%#.7) *($*%14%-97),*)*0()$,3()*%3(7)*0()8#-*%-2%*4)#1 )*0(),+80%*(8*2+,')(/#'2*%#-),-.)%*$)2$(5 7KH ODFN RI WKHVH WUDFNV ZKLFK VSHFLI\ WKH XQLTXHQHVV RI HDFK DUHD LV VLJQLÀ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ÁDWWHQLQJ WUHQG LV WKH ORVW RI WKH KXPDQ EHLQJ LGHQWLÀFDWLRQ DQG KLVWRULFDO DQG FXOWXUDO &('#-9%-9)*#),)"',8();0(+()0()8,--#*)+(8#9-%:()0%3$('1 ),-.)0%$)-,*2+,')#+%9%-$5 D1*(-)0%$*#+%8,')&2%'.%-9$),+()*+,-$1#+3(.)*0+#290)+("(,*(.)+,-.#3)80,-9($7)3,=()*0(3)'#$%-9)*0(%+)#;-) 80,+,8*(+%$*%8)1(,*2+($),-.)8#-1#+3%-9);%*0)#*0(+)-(;),'+(,.4).("(+$#-,'%:(.)8#-*(A*$5)60()%-*(+/(-*%#-$7) SODQQHG DQG GHVLJQHG ZLWK H[WUHPH VXSHUÀFLDOLW\ UHSODFLQJ SDUWV ZLWK VWUXFWXUHV ´KLJKO\ HIÀFLHQWµ EXW 3#+"0#'#9%8,''4),-#-43#2$),-.)%-,""+#"+%,*(5)E#)%*)%$)-(8($$,+4)3#+()=-#;'(.9();0%80)($*,&'%$0($),)+(! ',*%#-$0%")#1 )%-*(+.("(-.(-8(),'#-9)*;#)'%-($);0(+()*0()+("+($(-*,*%#-)0,$)*;#).%11(+(-*),-.)12-.,3(-*,') +#'($F)*0,*)#-()#1 )*0()8+(,*%#-),-.)3,*2+,*%#-)#1 )2-.(+$*,-.%-9)G%-/($*%9,*%#-),-.)"+#8($$%-9H);0(+()*0() +("+($(-*,*%#-)%$)*0()%-$*+23(-*)*0+#290);0%80)%*)&(8#3($)"#$$%&'()*#)$*2.4)*0()*(++%*#+4),-.)%-*(+"+(*)*0() .(*(+3%-,-*$)#1 )/,+%,&'()=(4$7)>2,-*%*,*%/('4),-.)>2,'%*,*%/('47)8#-*+%&2*%-9)*#)*0().(/('#"3(-*)#1 )8+%*%8,') %-*(+"+(*,*%#-$7),-.)*0,*)#-()#1 )*0()*+,-$3%$$%#-)#1 )=-#;'(.9();0(+()*0()+("+($(-*,*%#-)0,$)*0(),%3)#1 ) $"+(,.%-9)3(,-%-9$),-.)3($$,9($5) D"(-%-9)$*+28*2+(.),-.)#+9,-%:(.)$",8($7)$2%*,&'()1#+)*0().%,'#92(7)%*)3(,-$)*#)(-8#2+,9(),)-(;)'(/(')#1 ) ",+*%8%",*%#-)#1 ),'')8%*%:(-$7)#1 )*0()9#/(+-,-8(7);%*0#2*)8%+823/(-*%-9)*0(),88#2-*,&%'%*4)#1 )(A(82*%/()"#;(+) LQ WKH V\VWHP RI UHSUHVHQWDWLYH GHPRFUDF\ IRU VKDULQJ GHFLVLRQDO SDWKV DQG FRPSRVH FRQÁLFW IRU EDODQFLQJ ,'').%11(+(-*)"#'%*%8,'7)(8#-#3%8,'7)$#8%,'7)82'*2+,')%-*(+($*$5 60()-(;)'%-($)1#+)*0()+(8#/(+4)#1 )I%*4J$)*+2()3(,-%-9)-((.)*#)&()&,$(.)#-),).($%9-(.)3(*0#.7);0(+()&#*0) *0()8+(,*%/()"+#8($$)#1 )*0()3%-.),-.)*0()(A(82*%/()"+#8($$)#1 )*0()0,-.)8#-/(+9(),-.)%.(-*%147)&2*);()&('%(/() *0,*)*0()3#$*)"(+1(8*)#"(+,&%'%*4)+(3,%-$)%-(+*)%1 )%*).#($)-#*)&(8#3(7)3#3(-*)&4)3#3(-*7),8*%#-5

22 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#"$"%&"' !"#$%&'(&)*+,-.&!"#$%#&#'()$!"#*'+$*, $-'.(&/0(1/*&2&/012032&425"6&$"&/7"#891:#3;&<3=802( !#">89?@3&<(&)ABB,&7.&7UDFFH GL TXDUWLHUH ,O OHJDPH VRFLDOH QHOOD FLWWj FKH FDPELD(&C#80?2&/0D"=3;&<3=802( E8>78#$"==8&!(&"&F87308&<8#1:9?3"==2&)8&?:#8&$3&ABBG.;&4"&H3"&$"3&<"#?8013;&30&!311%&I"1"JI"1"&$3&!311%;& 48&9?:2=8&$3&K318D2#8&"$31#3?";&L852=3M N8D=38&E8>7"&F()ABBO.&/H GXH YLH GHOOD SHUFH]LRQH H O路HSLVWHPRORJLD GHO SURJHWWR(&C#80?2&/0D"=3;&<3=802M PQD:>:01&R(;&)ABBO.&C3$:?38&"&58:#8&0"==8&?311%(&<20$8$2#3;&<3=802(

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

23 | 59

?@"$A"$%&'4/95&'$&3%0,,B,$5& 4,5C,,$&3$5@0/+/1/%:&'$(&D04'$&21'$$"$% @7#$(A+7+.2

@$>+.$#>2-$#"(I+$>.+(/-.(>*+(J23>-.K(-/ (0$27+.32>2+3(#$F(AE2+$E+(LI23M4( 'LSDUWLPHQWR GL )LORVRÀD H 'LVFLSOLQH GHOOD &RPXQLFD]LRQH N2#(O#&1-$2(;P4(Q-"-G$# 0$27+.32>R(F2(Q-"-G$#4(27#$'3+7+.2;S%$21-'2>( ;PP9T:96U;(

)*23(#.>2E"+(+V="-.+3(>*+(=-33212"2>K(#$F(>*+(=->+$>2#"(-/ (#$(#G.++&+$>(1+><++$(#$>*.-=-"-GK(#$F(>*+(3%1W+E>3(E-$C E+.$+F(<2>*(%.1#$(="#$$2$G'(@(.+>.#E+(>*+(F+7+"-=&+$>(-/ (X$>*.-=-"-GK(3>#.>2$G(1K(>*+(/%$E>2-$#"23>(>.#F2>2-$(-/ (>*+( :DY93(%$>2"(>*+(=-3>C&-F+.$23>(&+>*-F-"-G2E#"(#/>+.>*-%G*>'(@$(>*+(3+E-$F(=#.>(-/ (>*+(+33#K(@(2$>.-F%E+(3-&+(.+&#.Z3( #1-%>(#($->(E-$7+$>2-$#"(+>*$-G.#=*2E#"(E#3+(3>%FK(>-(3%GG+3>(3-&+(Z+K(+"+&+$>3(>*#>(E-%"F(1+(>*+(3>#.>2$G(=-2$>(/-.(#( GLDORJXH EHWZHHQ WKH VXEMHFWV , PHQWLRQHG DERYH , HYHQWXDOO\ EULHÁ\ KLJKOLJKW VRPH SUREOHPV UHODWHG WR WKH GLIÀFXOWLHV 2$(>*+(E--=+.#>2-$(1+><++$(="#$$+.3(#$F(3-E2#"(3E2+$>23>3[(@(/-E%3(-$(>*+(&#>>+.(-/ (>*+(=-=%"#>2-$(2$7-"7+&+$>(2$(>*+( SURMHFWV DQG RQ WKH YHULÀFDWLRQ H[ SRVW RI WKH XUEDQ LQWHUYHQWLRQV

!"#$%#$&'()*+,'($'(&-../.$,').,0..$'($,"-*1*2*&3'($4'+-)($'12($$#$&' !"#$%&'&(&)*+ ,#-%#./+ #&+ 0.+ 1&"1.%"./+ 23#$+ 4%0-"+ ,#4/3.,+ 5.-"2$3(.+ 3#+ 2-,+ ,#3((+ 6&14,./+ &"+ #$.+ 2&%(/,+ &4#,3/.+#$.+7/.8.(&'./+1&4"#%3.,9:+&"+#$&,.+1&(&"3.,+#$-#+,4//."(*+,#-%#./+#&+,..5,+(.,,+-"/+(.,,+3"$-03#./+ E\ ´SULPLWLYHµ DQG DOZD\V PRUH LQÁXHQFHG E\ WKH :HVW ZKHUH WKH UHVHDUFKHUV FDPH IURP ,Q WKH V WKH UHVHDUFKHUV RI WKH 5RGKHV /LYLQJVWRQH ,QVWLWXWH GHDOW ZLWK WKH SDUWLFXODU IHDWXUHV RI WKH OLIH LQ WKH ÀUVWV ,(45,+-%&,.+-%&4"/+#$.+;&%#$+!6%31-"+13#3.,+<=-"".%>:+?@ABCD+ !#+#$-#+#35.+3#+2-,+-(%.-/*+1(.-%+#$-#+#$.+,'-1.+2-,+#$.+'$*,31-(+#%-",(-#3&"+&6 +-"+.1&"&531+,*,#.5:+1-'-0(.+ #&+-%#314(-#.+5."+-"/+2&5."E,+(36.+,#*(.D+ 'HVSLWH WKLV ZD\ WR ZRUN LV UDWKHU TXHVWLRQDEOH WKH DWWHPSW WR ÀQG D FDXVDO RUGHU LQ WKHVH SKHQRPHQD ZDV DW WKDW WLPH WKH OLIH EORRG RI D VXEMHFW WKDW ZDV DERXW WR VKLIW LWV DWWHQWLRQ WR DQRWKHU ÀHOG WKH QDWLYH FRXQWF U\ LWVHOI ,Q WKH VDPH SHULRG /H &RUEXVLHU ODXQFKHG &LWp UDGLHXVH LQ ZKLFK KH IRUPDOL]H IRU WKH ÀUVW WLPH #$.+,&+1-((./+G"3#H+/E=-03#-#3&"I+#$3,+1&"1.'#+.50&/3./+#$.+'$3(&,&'$31-(+%.5-%J,+-0&4#+#$.+7(383")9:+#$.+ ´LQKDELWLQJµ WKDW HQGHG XS WR LQÁXHQFH DOO WKH VSHFXODWLRQV LQ WKH QH[W GHFDGHV 6EULJOLR K$.+G"3#H+/E=-03#-#3&"+2-,+0-,./+&"+-+'./-)&)31-(+3"#."#+<!5."/&(-:+LBB@CI+,$-'3")+#$.+(383")+,'-1.,+3"+ &%/.%+#&+5&4(/+-+'-%#314(-%+J3"/+&6 +5-"+,43#-0(.+#&+(38.+#$.5D+K$.+$-03#-#3&"+$-/+-"+35'&%#-"#+#-,J+-"/+3#+ $-/+#&+6-1.+3#+3"+#$.+0.,#+2-*+'&,,30(.I+3#+2-,+#$.+,5-((.,#+1.((+&6 +#$-#+&%)-"3,5:+#$.+13#*:+#$-#+$-/+#&+/.8.(&'+ -11&%/3")+#&+%-#3&"-(+-"/+64"1#3&"-(+1%3#.%3&",D+ ,Q WKH VDPH SHULRG $QWKURSRORJ\ LWVHOI ZDV IRFXVHG RQ D IXQFWLRQDOLVW PRGHO D GHÀ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ÀFH RU D GLVWULFW LWV PDLQWHQDQFH WKH ZD\ LQ ZKLFK D JURXS D SHRSOH 1&5.,+#&+,.#+4':+#$.+%.(-#3&",$3'+23#$+-%.-,+-"/+'.&'(.+3"+#$.+'%&O353#*D T"1.+-2-%/+&6 +#$.+(353#,+&6 +#$.+64"1#3&"-(3,5:+#$.+7#$&4)$#64(+'(-"".%,9+%-3,.,+6%&5+#$.+%-"J,+-"/+'4#+#$.+ ´LGHRORJ\ RI WKH RPQLSRWHQFH SODQQLQJµ $PHQGROD S LQ D GLIÀFXOW SRVLWLRQ K$.+3/.-+&6 +#$.+13#*+-,+-+1&5'(.O+,'-1.:+&%+0.##.%:+#$.+1&5'(.O3#*+-,+#$.+5-3"+1$-%-1#.%3,#31+&6 +#$.+13#*+3,+ QRZ DFFHSWHG EXW LW ZDV QRW DW À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À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ÀFXOW\ WR ÀQG QHZ RQHV PRUHRYHU WKH IXQFWLRQV WKDW VKDSHG WKH VSDFH VHHP WR EH LQVXIÀFLHQW IRU #$.+13#3>.",+-"/+#$.3%+"../,I+-,+!5."/&(-+-%)4.,:+2.+-%.+6-13")+-+'.%3&/+3"+2$31$+#$.+7/.,3%.9+$-,+%.'(-1./+ WKH ´QHHGµ DV OHDGLQJ PHFKDQLVP $PHQGROD ,Q WKLV FRQWH[W $QWKURSRORJ\ RIIHUV VSHFLÀF LQVWUXF 5."#,+6&%+%.,.-%1$.,+-"/+'%&5&#.,+#$.+/3-(&)4.+-"/+#$.+1&&'.%-#3&"+0.#2.."+13#3>.",+-"/+-%1$3#.1#4%.+-"/+ 4%0-"+'(-""3")D [+#&&J+#$.+14.E,+#&+#-(J+-0&4#+#$.,.+3,,4.,+&0,.%83")+,&5.+/3,#%31#+3"+2$31$+[+4,./+#&+2&%J+-,+1&4"#.%,+%.-/.%D+ [E5+"&#+)&3")+#&+,$&2+#$.+/.#-3(,+&6 +#$.+/-#.,+[+1&((.1#./:+04#+[+23((+,#-#.+,&5.+5.#$&/&(&)31-(+1&",3/.%-F #3&",D

26 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

$ SUHOLPLQDU\ UHPDUN LV LPSRUWDQW WR FODULI\ P\ UROH LQ WKLV ÀHOG LQ 'HFHPEHU , VWDUWHG WR FROODERUDWH !"#$%&%'(()*+&#",*%#$&#%-(."#(+/%#$*%!&#*+%'(./0-)#"(.%(1 %#$*%2345%$(0/*/%".%6(7(8.&%&.9%"#/%)+(,".'*/:% 7ZLFH SHU \HDU VRPH RIÀFHUV KDYH WR FKHFN WKH ZDWHU FRQVXPSWLRQ KRXVH E\ KRXVH IURP WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI ;*'*-<*+%#(%-"9=>&.0&+?@%1+(-%#$*%<*8"..".8%(1 %>0.*%#(%-"9=>07?: , DP DQ RIÀFHU P\VHOI DQG GXULQJ WKH \HDUV , KDYH FDPH WR ZRUN LQ DOZD\V PRUH GLVWULFWV HQGLQJ XS WR UDLVH &7-(/#%$&71 %(1 %#$*%2345%$(0/*/:% 0RVW RI WKHP DUH EORFN RI Á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ÀFHU , KDG &''*//%#(%&<(0#%&%$0.9+*9%$(0/*/@%-(+*%#$&.%(.'*G%B%$&9%&7/(%#$*%'$&.'*%#(%(</*+,*%#$*%!&?%".%!$"'$%#$*% LQKDELWDQWV DUH XVHG WR OLYH WKHLU GLVWULFW DQG WR DQG EHQHÀW IURP LW H$*%#$"+9%#"-*%B%!&/%!(+D".8%".%#$*/*%&+*&/@%B%/#&+#*9%#(%,*.#0+*%/(-*%'(-)&+"/(./%<*#!**.%#$*%9"11*+*.#% 9"/#+"'#/%B%$&9%#$*%())(+#0."#?%#(%$&.8%(0#%&#@%&.9%&7/(%/(-*%+*-&+D/%&<(0#%#$*%'$&.8*/%90+".8%#$*%#"-*: 7KH ÀUVW FRQVLGHUDWLRQ , ZDQW WR VXJJHVW LV DERXW WKH UHODWLRQVKLS , HVWDEOLVKHG ZLWK WKH WHQDQWV WKDW JLYHV PH #$*%())(+#0."#?%#(%&''*//%#(%'*+#&".%D".9%(1 %".1(+-&#"(./%&.9%1&'#/%B%!(079%$&,*%.(#%".%(#$*+%'"+'0-/#&.'*/:% H$*%&##"#09*%(1 %#$*%".$&<"#&.#/%'$&.8*/%'&/*%<?%'&/*@%/(-*%(1 %#$*-%&+*%'&0#"(0/@%(#$*+/%&+*%-(+*%'(()*+&= #",*%&.9%&,&"7&<7*G%/(-*(.*%+*'(8."I*/%-*%&.9%#+*&#/%-*%&/%&%,&80*%&'F0&".#&.'*:%J(-*(.*%"/%)(7*-"'&7%1(+% "9*.#"1?".8%-*%&/%&%8*.*+"'%+*)+*/*.#&#",*%(1 %#$*%K"./#"#0#*L@%!(+9%/#&.9".8%1(+%20#(.(-(0/%B./#"#0#*%1(+% 3RSXODU +RXVHV ,VWLWXWR $XWRQRPR &DVH 3RSRODUL ZKRVH MXULVGLFWLRQ LV WHVWLÀHG E\ VLJQV DW WKH EHJLQQLQJ (1 %#$*%$(0/*/%)&#$/: BE-%#$(08$#%#$*%+*/)(./"<7*%!$*.%#$*+*%&+*%/(-*%)+(<7*-/%(+%-&710.'#"(.".8/%&.9%"#%"/%(1#*.%#$*%'(.9"#"(./% (1 %#$*%$(0/*/%#(%-&D*%#$*/*%)*()7*%9"/&))(".#*9: J(-*%)*()7*%#&D*%1(+%8+&.#*9%B%D.(!%,*+?%!*77%&<(0#%/(-*%0./*##7*9%)+(<7*-/%#$*?%$&,*%<**.%1&'".8%1(+% &%7(.8%#"-*@%?*&+/@%9*'&9*/:%2.?!&?@%"#%"/%"--*9"&#*7?%+*'(8."I*9%-?%+(7*%&/%&%'(()*+&#(+%!"#$%#$*%2345@% '"+'0-/#&.'*%#$*?%/(-*#"-*/%#$".D%'&.%$*7)%#$*-%".%/(-*%!&?M%(0+%+*7&#"(./$")@%#$*.@%'&.%&7/(%&'F0"+*%&.% 0#"7"#&+"&.%'(..(#&#"(./: ,W LV LQWHUHVWLQJ WR QRWLFH WKH GLIIHUHQW JUDGXDWLRQV RI PHDQLQJV LPSOLHG IURP WKH RIÀFHU ²PH DV WKH UH= VSRQVLEOH IRU WKH SUREOHPV WR WKH RIÀFHU DV D SRVVLEOH VROXWLRQ RI WKHP FLUFXPVWDQFHV WKDW ZRXOG KDYH QRW EHHQ SRVVLEOH LI , KDG LQWURGXFHG P\VHOI DV D VLPSOH UHVHDUFKHU $Q $&(5 RIÀFHU LV EHWWHU FDWHJRUL]HG EH= '&0/*%(1 %$"/%".,(7,*-*.#%".%&%/(-*%D".9%(1 %$"*+&+'$?%(1 %+*/)(./"<"7"#"*/:%H$*+*%&+*%&7/(%/"#0&#"(./%".%!$"'$% )*()7*%+*8&+9*9%-*%&%/"-)7*%!(+D*+%1+(-%&%7(!%/('"&7%+&.D@%&.9%/(%B%&-%'(./"9*+*9%'&)&<7*%#(%0.9*+/#&.9% #$*"+%)+(<7*-/%!&?%<*##*+%#$&.%(#$*+%/0<N*'#/: , WKLQN WKLV HOHPHQW LV YHU\ LPSRUWDQW LQ ERWK WKH WZR VLWXDWLRQV LQWURGXFHG DERYH LQ WKH ÀUVW FDVH SHRSOH #*77% -*% &<(0#% #$*"+% )+(<7*-/% ".% &.% &88+*//",*% !&?% <*'&0/*% #$*?% $&,*% )+(<&<7?% &7+*&9?% #&7D*9% &<(0#% #$&#% -&.?%#"-*/%!"#$(0#%8*##".8%<&'D%&.?%/(70#"(./G%".%#$*%/*'(.9%'&/*@%)*()7*%#&7D%#(%-*%7((D".8%1(+%&%/(+#%(1 % FRPSOLFLW\ WKDW MXVWLI\ FHUWDLQ NLQG RI GLVFRXUVHV WKDW RWKHUZLVH ZRXOG QRW KDYH D UHDVRQDEOH MXVWLÀFDWLRQ 2%/"-)7*%+*/*&+'$*+%!(079%$&,*%)+(<&<7?%$&9%#(%1&'*%#$*%9"/#+0/#%(1 %)*()7*:%O&.?%".$&<"#&.#/%<0"7#%8&#*/% &.9%&+-(+*9%9((+/@%)&?".8%,*+?%-0'$%&##*.#"(.%#(%)*()7*%!$(%&/D%#(%'(-*%".: :KHQ D WHQDQW FRPHV WR YHULI\ ,·P QRW D SURÀ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

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

27 | 59

$V VDLG DERYH WKH PLVWUXVW FDQ WXUQ LQWR FRQÀ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ÁXHQFHG WKH UHVXOW ERWK LQ D SRVLWLYH DQG D QHJDWLYH ZD\ 0DUFXV )LVKHU <"*$:#4)L'#;*.0/4)4$&.27'*0)&)/#04$'&.,$&$)7.0/02$:#/0)$/0$)"*$'*)"#;#8#2+$1#88#!*;M$/)$!&4$:7)$1#.!&.;$ E\ WKH REVHUYDWLRQ DQG WKH VWXG\LQJ RI WKH W\SLFDO DQWKURSRORJLFDO ÀHOG WKH FRORQLHV DQG WKH ´IDU ZRUOGµ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À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ÀHOGV EHFDXVH RI WKH GLIÀFXOW LQWHUGLVFLSOLQDU\ GLDORJXH <"*+$"&6*$)#$8*&.0$)#$'&,*$70;*.4)&0;&38*$)"*/.$,0#!8*;2*($'&,/02$)"*$:8&00*.4$&;#:)/02$)"*'5 <"*$ N#34*.6&)/#0O$ "&4$ 3**0$ 47;;*08+$ .*-#20/@*;$ &4$ #0*$ #1 $ )"*$ :#44/38*$ !&+$ #1 $ )"*$ *6&87&)/#0$ *JL:#4)$ CV#4)&($WKKFI5 <"*$ &0)".#:#8#2/-&8$ '*)"#;#8#2+$ .*>7/.*4$ &0$ "/2"$ 8*6*8$ #1 $ /06#86*'*0)$ #1 $ )"*$ .*4*&.-"*.$ &0;$ &0$ &8*.)$ ÀHOGZRUN WKH GLDORJXH ZLWK WKH LQKDELWDQWV UDWKHU WKDQ D UHÁHFWLRQ DERXW WKHP KDV WR EH WKH PRVW LPSRUL )&0)$!&+$)#$!#.,5 (QFRXUDJLQJ SHRSOH LQYROYHPHQW LQWR WKH SODQQLQJ DFWLYLWLHV FDQ OHDG WR WKH UHTXDOLÀFDWLRQ RI DOUHDG\ H[LL 4)*0)$7.3&0$4:&-*4$/0$#.;*.$)#$/':.#6*$)"*$8/1*$4)&0;&.;45

28 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#"$"%&"' !"#$%&'()*+),-../0)/D FLWWj SRVWPRGHUQD 0DJLH H SDXUH GHOOD PHWURSROL FRQWHPSRUDQHD1)2(341)5(6#37( !"#$%&'()*+),899.0),O SURJHWWLVWD ULÁHVVLYR /·DUFKLWHWWXUD WUD GHVLGHUL ELVRJQL H VSHWWDFROR )4$)!"#$%&'()*+),():;3()%40) ,O SURJHWWLVWD ULÁHVVLYR 6FLHQ]H VRFLDOL H SURJHWWD]LRQH DUFKLWHWWRQLFD %DUL /DWHU]D <&=6()>+),899.0)?!"#$"%&'()&)(!*!&+%)&+%),--!.&/$&0$)(-$1,!#%&2%3&4!'-5&+%)&4"!*%--!6)4$)!"#$%&'()*+),():;3()%40),899.01) ,O SURJHWWLVWD ULÁHVVLYR 6FLHQ]H VRFLDOL H SURJHWWD]LRQH DUFKLWHWWRQLFD %DUL /DWHU]D @(A()@+),899/0)%DQOLHXH GH 3DOHUPH 8QH YHUVLRQ VLFLOLHQQH GH O·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·DQWURSRORJLD GHOO·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j OD SHQVpH FRPSOH[H1)>(34=1)U\@ \K34G'4&1) J+) ,899[0) /H &RUEXVLHU /·XQLWp G·KDELWDWLRQ GH 0DUVHLOOH HW OHV DXWUHV XQLWpV G·KDELWDWLRQ D 5H]H OHV 1DQWHV1) 2#3'4$1)234#M)#$)@&3#6)#6)@43"4$M1)2&=6&$1)243SY(;=#3 \4G$&3#''41)!+),-..N0)9#-"!4!)!*,$&F"G$#$.&J#-"!+(1,!#%&$))$&",<%"<$&,#&J-$),$1)H4'($&1)*;#34$4

()%*+,"-./"%0' _)Q($6)6&)#`F3#==)"M)G3(646;%#)6&)2#(634:#)2(G$(3%4)a&3)Y#3)F3#:4&;=)Y#'F+

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

29 | 59

?@,&A/(:&'$(&5@,&6"5:B&?@,&6"5:-A/(:B C#'0$,5D&E04'$&305")5"*&F,),'0*@&6/11,*5"#, I"#%F2#(J-3+""2(

K#E%">L(-/ (M.E*2>+E>%.+'(K"-.+$E+'AE*--"(-/ (!"#$$2$G(#$F(M.E*2>+E>%.+'(N+"*2 .-3+""2E"#%F2#OG&#2"'E-&( )+"P(Q;D;RST:D99DT4(QD:DD6:SD69:5

UVP(A7#.$+>4(%.1#$(=+./-.&#$E+4(#.>(#$F(=-"2>2E34(%3+(-/ (>*+(=%1"2E(3=#E+ 7KLV DUWLFOH LV D UHÁHFWLRQ RQ FLWLHV DQG RQ KXPDQ ERGLHV ,W FRQWDLQV D JHQHULF HYDOXDWLRQ RQ WKH XVH RI WKH SXEOLF VSDFH DV DQ LQÁXHQWLDO HOHPHQW WRGD\ RQ WKH ELRORJLFDO WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ RI WKH FLW\ 7KH FLW\ LV LQÁXHQFHG E\ DOO WKH GDLO\ DFWLRQV WKDW DUH YLWDOL]LQJ LW KXPDQ QDWXUDO DQG PHFKDQLFDO ,W LV DOVR LQÁXHQFHG E\ WKH ERG\·V PRYHPHQWV WKDW GHWHUPLQH >*+(=-3321"+(%.1#$(+7-"%>2-$(#$F(>*+(E.+#>2-$(-/ (%$E-$3E2-%3(#E>2-$3(>*#>(#.+(.+3=-$321"+(-/ (721.#$>(%.1#$(&2E.-(#$F( &#E.-3E-=2E(E*#$G+3'(M3(#(.+3%">4(=%1"2E(3=#E+(1+E-&+3(>*+(#.+$#(<*+.+(>-(="#L(>*+(.+#"2>L(>*.-%G*(1-F2+3(#$F(>*+2.( F2//+.+$>(.-"+3' )*23( >.#$3/-.&#>2-$( 23( E*#.#E>+.23>2E( -/ ( >*+( E2>LC1-FL4( >*+( "272$GC1.+#>*2$GC<#"W2$G( #$F( /++"2$G( E2>L4( >*#>( 23( =#.>2#""L( LQGHSHQGHQW IURP WKH RIÀFLDO SROLWLFDO DQG HFRQRPLF ODZV DQG RUGLQDQFHV 7KH SDSHU GHVFULEHV WKH H[SHULHQFH RI DQ @>#"2#$(#.>23>2E(#$F(=+./-.&#>27+(E-""+E>27+($#&+F(A7#.$+>'(@>($->+3(>*+(E*#$G2$G(.+"#>2-$#"(1#EWG.-%$F3(1+><++$(#.>4( =+./-.&#$E+(#$F(3L3>+&3(-/ (&2E.-C=%$E>%#"(="#$$2$G(2$(.+E+$>(L+#.3'(

!"#$%&'#($)(&*#+,(-$./(#0'/1#2$3&40'/,4#5$67$'"#$89(,:#&4$;&(</&*#4'$&45$,= $'"#$>,940/<2$3#'3$&$=(&? *#+,(-$=,($'"#$/*:<#*#4'&'/,4$,= $/4'#@(&'#5$:,</0/#3$=,($+&'#($(#3,9(0#3$*&4&@#*#4'A ,W LGHQWLÀ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ÀUVW 5& E\ /D 7KXU ZDV VLJQHG LQ L LW LV D WRRO VSHFLÀF IRU ÁXYLDO DUHDV· UHFRYHU\ ,W GHYHORSV D SDWK WKDW OHDGV WR WKH GHÀQLWLRQ RI D FRQWUDFW DQG ZKRVH IXQGDPHQWDO HOHPHQWV &(#$G&LUFXODLUH GX 0LQLVWUH GH O·(QYLURQQHPHQW HW GX &DGUH GH 9LH IpYULHU HO 3"&(/4@$&$0<#&($,6K#0'/1#P 3/@4/4@$&4$&@(##*#4'$&*,4@$0/'/D#432$*94/0/:&</'/#3$&45$/4593'(/&</3'32$6&3#5$,4$390"$&$3"&(#5$,6K#0'/1#P ÀQGLQJ VSRQVRUV ZKR DUH DYDLODEOH WR SURYLGH WKH QHFHVVDU\ UHVRXUFHV WR UHDFK WKH VHW REMHFWLYH C4$ AQQL$ '"#$ R&+$ &6,9'$ +&'#($ #3'&6</3"#3$ S.JT8$ G6FKpPD 'LUHFWHXU G·$PpQDJHPHQW HW GH *HVWLRQ GHV (DX[2$ )(#40"$=,(O$C43:/(/4@$S0"#*#$=,($%&'#($;<&44/4@$&45$U&4&@#*#4'H$&45$SJT8$G6FKpPDV G·$PpQDJHPHQW HW !"#$"%&'()#!"%#*+,-2$)(#40"$=,(O$S0"#*#$=,($%&'#($;<&44/4@$&45$U&4&@#*#4'HB$!"#$=,(*#($/3$&$5,09*#4'$ RI WHFKQLFDO DQG ÀQDQFLDO SODQQLQJ WKDW VHWV XS JHQHUDO JRDOV IRU WKH ZDWHU JRYHUQDQFH RI HDFK EDVLQ 7KH ODWWHU LV D ORFDO YHUVLRQ RI 6'$*( DQG GHÀ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ÀHOG RI LQWHJUDWHG PDQDJHPHQW RI ZDWHU UHVRXUFHV WKH ULYHU EDVLQ /3$0,43/5#(#5$&3$&$:<&0#$=,($/4'#(&0'/,4$6#'+##4$*&4$&45$#41/(,4*#4'2$=(,*$&4$#0,373'#*/0$:#(3:#0'/1#$ '"&'$:9'3$"9*&4$6#/4@3$+/'"/4$&$+/5#$&45$0,*:<#Y$#41/(,4*#4'&<$373'#*B$!"#(#=,(#2$'"#$4,'/,4$,= $"75(,? @(&:"/0$6&3/4$&0I9/(#3$&$:,</'/0&<2$/5#,<,@/0&<$&45$,:#(&'/,4&<$1&<9#$GU,<<#2$LMMVHB$%&'#(2$+"/0"$/4$'"#$:&3'$ XVHG WR EH PHDQW DV D SK\VLFDO ERG\ WR FDSWXUH GLYHUW VWRUH DQG GHOLYHU DW VSHFLÀF ORFDWLRQV DQG WLPHV QRZ 6#0,*#3$&<3,$&$"&6/'&'B$ J00,(5/4@$ ',$ Z/#/<<&(5?>,==(#$ GLMMAH2$ '#((/',(7$ *&4&@#*#4'$ &'$ &$ (/1#($ 6&3/4$ 30&<#$ 3##*3$ ',$ 6#$ '"#$ *,3'$ UDWLRQDO RSWLRQ IURP DQ HFRORJLFDO SRLQW RI YLHZ 7KLV LV ERWK EHFDXVH LW·V DQ HDVLO\ LGHQWLÀDEOH DUHD WKDQNV ',$'"#$5#</*/'&'/,4$,= $'"#$(/1#($&45$/'3$'(/69'&(/#32$&45$6#0&93#$/'$=,<<,+3$'"#$4&'9(&<$,(5#(2$/B#B$'"&'$,= $+&'#($ 5(&/4/4@2$+"#4$/'$0,*#3$',$=&0/4@$:(,6<#*3$0,44#0'#5$',$3,/<$:(,'#0'/,4$&45$"75(,<,@7B$C45##52$J==#<'(&4? @#($&45$R&33#((#$GLMM[H$3&72$(#@&(5/4@$(/1#($6&3/42$'"#$0,43#I9#40#3$,= $9:3'(#&*$/4'#(1#4'/,43$,4$39(=&0#$ DQG XQGHUJURXQG ÁRZV LQHYLWDEO\ DIIHFW GRZQVWUHDP 7KLV LV WUXH ERWK IRU HQYLURQPHQWDOO\ KDUPIXO DFWLRQV G390"$&3$#Y0#33/1#$+/'"5(&+&<32$:,<<9'/4@$5(&/432$6&4-$,($5&*$69/<5/4@H$&45$=,($&0'/,43$:(,'#0'/4@$'"#$+&'#($ (#3,9(0#$G=,($#Y&*:<#$'"#$0(#&'/,4$,= $+&3'#+&'#($'(#&'*#4'$:<&4'3$,($'"#$5#*&(0&'/,4$,= $:(,'#0'#5$&(#&3HB +RZHYHU GHÀQLQJ WKH K\GURJUDSKLF EDVLQ DV WKH LGHDO VSDWLDO VFDOH RI PDQDJHPHQW PHDQV LPSRVLQJ D PRGHO ZKLFK GRHVQ·W QHFHVVDULO\ ÀW DOO WKH VLWXDWLRQV SUHVHQW RQ WKH WHUULWRU\ DQG ZKLFK DERYH DOO FDQ·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

32 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'()*+,--./*'(*0$#12*)34*0&)3#5(*63#*$#()*#77#(4*)34*0""4248*49#"#2'90"*018*)455')#5'0"*&1'):*#; *)34* 5'<45*=0('1>*=490&(4*'1*0*=0('1*)3454*054? Â&#x2021; GLIIHUHQW NLQGV RI ZDWHU UHVRXUFHV WKHUH LV WKH ULYHU ZKLFK GHÃ&#x20AC;QHV WKH EDVLQ DQG LWV WULEXWDULHV WKH@ 54*054*25#&1860)45*0%&';45(>*64)"018(>*(75'12(>*"0A4(>*<4510"*7##"(*018*2"09'45(B*C30)4<45*$#84(*054* 4()0="'(348*;#5*0*(&()0'10="4*$01024$41)*#; *)34*=0('1D(*60)45*54(#&594(>*')D(*1494((05:*)#*9#1('845*)34* 73:('90"*9#$7"4E'):*#; *(&93*54(#&594(F Â&#x2021; 08$'1'()50)'<4*=#5845(*63'93*8#1D)*9#554(7#18*)#*)34*60)45*54(#&594(D*10)&50"*=#5845(F Â&#x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Ã&#x20AC;FLDO FDQDOV EXLOW E\ WKH DQFLHQW 5RPDQV PDQ LQWHUYHQWLRQ KDV FKDQJHG WKH K\GURORJLFDO (3074*=:*$#<'12*2540)*$0((4(*#; *60)45*)3#&(018(*#; *A'"#$4)54(*060:*;5#$*')(*(75'12*018*=:*9#1149)'12* 540"')'4(*63'93**&(&0"":*30<41D)*2#)*01:*4"4$41)*'1*9#$$#1*+#)345*)301*;5#$*)34*7#'1)*#; *<'46*#; *)455')#5:* 2#<4510194/B N&5)345$#54>*60)45*54(#&594*'1)4250)48*$01024$41)*0)*0*=0('1*(90"4*'$7"'4(*<05'#&(*75#="4$(>*0(*')*077405(* )#*=4*%&')4*9#$7"4EB*O(*0*$0))45*#; *;09)>*)3454*054*1#*09)#5(*#5*4"4$41)(*)30)*901*=4*4E947)48*0*75'#5'B*P1* )34*9#1)505:>*)3'(*A'18*#; *$01024$41)*(&77#5)(*0*3#"'()'9*0775#093*)#*)34*5'<45*)455')#5:*2#<4510194>*63'93* J#((*+,--M/*'""&()50)4(*0(?*60)45*54(#&594(*$01024$41)*+60)45*%&0"'):>*60)45*542&"0)'#1/>*)455')#5:*$01024@ $41)*+9#1)5#"*#; *(#'"D(*8425080)'#1*018*&(4/>*49#"#2'90"*$01024$41)*+='#8'<45('):*754(45<0)'#1/*018*3&$01* 09)'<'):*$01024$41)*+(#9'#@49#1#$'9*08<01)024(/B O(*)34:*0'$*0)*1&$45#&(*2#0"(>*'1)4250)48*7#"'9'4(*;#5*60)45*54(#&594(*$01024$41)*'14<')0=":*#7450)4*'1* VHYHUDO Ã&#x20AC;HOGV Â´WRXFKLQJÂµ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Ã&#x20AC;QGLQJ GHYHORSPHQW REMHFWLYHV VHFWRUV DQG Ã&#x20AC;HOGV RI '1)45<41)'#1>*'$7"4$41)0)'#1*)'$'12>*0<0'"0="4*54(#&594(*018*083454194*$#84(*;#5*7#(('="4*75'<0)4*(&=G49)(B* H34*2#0"*'(*)34*549"0$0)'#1*#; *)34*5'<45*=0('1B H34*(49#18*Q)0"'01*542'#1*)#*08#7)*S'<45*Y#1)509)(*60(*T'48$#1)*S42'#1>*63'93*'1*,--[*()05)48*)0A'12* )34$*'1)#*9#1('8450)'#1*0(*0*7#(('="4*60:*)#*'$7"4$41)*)34*C0)45*T5#)49)'#1*T"01*+THO>*!"#$%&'"&()*+,#&'+,,+& -./)+/B*H34:*054*)3&(*(441*0(*)##"(*;#5*142#)'0)48*7"011'12>*63'93*75#$#)4*X'1)4250)48*$01024$41)*$#84(* 0)*3:85#25073'9*=0('1*018*(&=@=0('1*"4<4">*7&5(&4**75#)49)'#1*018*'$75#<4$41)*#; *60)45*54(#&594(*018*54@ M* S42'#10"*W06*1B,*#; *)34*:405*,--M*4()0="'(34(*)34*P&)"'14*O2544$41)*;#5*H455')#5'0"*\4<4"#7$41)*+O]VH>*-..%0'%& 1)#'0%&'"&23",)44%&(+00"*%0"#,+/*0(*#14*#; *)34*)##"(*;#5*142#)'0)48*7"011'12B*H34*5'<45*9#1)509)*'(*3454*(30748*0(*01* O]VH>*0)*0*(90"4*#; *3:85#25073'9*=0('1*#5*(&=@=0('1B*V44*W#$=058:*S42'#1D(*64=(')4*#1*S'<45*Y#1)509)(?*3))7?^^ ZZZ FRQWUDWWLGLÃ&#x20AC;XPH LW

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

33 | 59

ODWHG HQYLURQPHQWV DORQJ ZLWK VDIHJXDUG IURP ÁRRG ULVNµ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·V DLP LV WR SURJUHVVLYHO\ H[WHQG WKH FRQWUDFW WRRO WR DOO K\GURJUDSKLF DUHDV LGHQWLÀHG LQ WKH 37$ LQGHSHQGHQWO\ RI VSHFLÀF SUREOHPV 37$ 5XGHOODW *RYHUQD G"0%,8'-=1'$./-'+1.0/'.#)"-'FH'35/'=.41'*141$)!1*'.$$')410'-=1',.-%),.$'-100%-)0+9'#"-'-=1+'.$$'=.41'-=1%0')C,' VSHFLÀ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ÁH[LELOLW\O< P,'81,10.$9'3%410'5),-0.&-'%/'.,'P-.$%.,'.*4.,&1*'1E!10%?1,-.-%),')2 '.,'%,-180.-1*'.!!0).&='018.0*%,8'C.-10' 01/)"0&1'?.,.81?1,-'.,*'%-'&.,'%,&$"*1'=+*0."$%&9',.-"0.$9'1&)$)8%&.$9'/)&%.$'.,*'1&),)?%&'./!1&-/<'P-/'!)%,-' )2 '012101,&1'%/'-=1'0%410'#./%,'./'.'-100%-)0%.$9'1&)$)8%&.$'.,*'=+*0)$)8%&.$'",%-'K5.$)0%9'QHHRL<' P,'S0.,&1'!"#$%&$'()*(%+,+-%*'K0%410'&),-0.&-/L'&$.%?'.'-=%0-+N+1.0'-0.*%-%),9'C=%&='%/'-)*.+'&),410-1*'%,-)'.'&%0N FXODU RI WKH \HDU WKDW GHÀQHV WHUPV DQG REMHFWLYHV RI WKH SDUWLFLSDWHG SURFHVV 3URFHGXUHV DUH FOHDUO\ GHÀQHG 7KH ,WDOLDQ UHDOLW\ HYHQ WKRXJK LQVSLUHG E\ WKH )UHQFK RQH LV YHU\ GLIIHUHQW DFWXDOO\ $OWKRXJK LQ -=1%0'%,-1,-%),/'%-'$))B/'$%B1'-=1'!0)?)-%,8'."-=)0%-%1/'.8011'%,'&),&1%4%,8'-=1'35'./'.'8)410,.,&1'-))$'2)0' C.-10'?.,.81?1,-'.-'.'#./%,'/&.$19'-=1+'*%2210'%,'-=1'%?!$1?1,-.-%),'?)*1/'K()##%)9'7.0)8$%.9'QHHRL<' 7KH ÀUVW ,WDOLDQ H[SHULHQFHV VHHP WR FRQÀUP %ORPTXLVW·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·V 0XQLFLSDOLWLHV KDYH VWDUWHG VHYHUDO SURMHFWV IRU WKH UHFRYHU\ RI ÁXYLDO DUHDV VLQFH $ 5LYHU &RQWUDFW SURMHFW XVXDOO\ GHYHORSV IURP D VSHFLÀF SUREOHP DQG LW LQYROYHV WKH WHUULWRU\ WKDW LV GLUHFWO\ .221&-1*'#+'%-<'7)?1'1E.?!$1/'.01'-=1'0%410'A.,.0)@/'35'KC=%&='.%?/'.-'-=1'01&$.?.-%),')2 '.,'.01.'C=101'-=1N 01'"/1*'-)'#1'.,'.??",%-%),'2.&-)0+L'.,*'-=1'35')2 '-=1':0#.9'.'A%1*?),-'/-01.?'C=)/1'1&)$)8%&.$'&)00%*)0' =./'$),8'#11,'%,-1,*1*'-)'#1'01/-)01*'C=101'%-'$.&B/9'.,*'!0)-1&-1*'C=101'%-'.$01.*+'1E%/-/<'P,'-=1/1'&./1/'-=1' #./%,'%/',)-'-.B1,'%,-)'&),/%*10.-%),'./'.'C=)$19'#"-'),$+'.'!.0-')2 '%-'%/9'-=1'?)/-'!)$$"-1*'),19')0'/%?!$+'-=1' !.0-'-=.-'%/'%,&$"*1*'%,'/)?1'!0)D1&-'C=%&='$)&.$'%,/-%-"-%),/'.$),1'&.,,)-'*141$)!<' J=1012)019'-=1'=+*0)80.!=%&'#./%,'%,'P-.$+'%/',)-'.'012101,&1'",%-'2)0'-100%-)0%.$'!)$%&%1/<'P,'35'1$.#)0.-%),9' VXEMHFWV DUH FDOOHG WR EXLOG ZKDW ZH FDQ GHÀQH DV ´D ULYHU FRPPXQLW\µ ZLWKLQ WKH EDVLQ +RZHYHU WKH K\GURN 80.!=%&'#./%,'=./',)'#)",*.0+'.&B,)C$1*81*'#+'-=1'!)!"$.-%),9'%-@/')2-1,'.'$.081$+'",B,)C,'-100%-)0+'K)09'.-' $1./-9'%-@/',)-'-=1'-100%-)0+'-=1+'.01'"/1*'-)'-=%,B')2L9'%-@/'20.8?1,-1*'%,'-=1'&)$$1&-%41'%?.8%,.-%),<'S)0'1E.?N SOH LQKDELWDQWV UHFRJQL]H WKH WRZQ RU WKH GLVWULFW DV D ORFDO XQLW ZKLOH ÀUPV ORRN DW QHWZRUNV DQG PDUNHWV F' 711'A%1*?),-'318%),@/'C1#/%-1'),'3&/6'=--!6XXCCC<018%),1<!%1?),-1<%-X.&Y".X&),-0.--%<=-?Z&.0*%,1 I' [E&1!-' 2)0' QHHHXOHX5[9' C=%&=' %,' P-.$+' C./' .#/)0#1*' #+' >.C' ,<\IQ' %,' QHHO9' 141,' -=)"8=' -=101' %/' ,)' 1E!$%&%-' 012101,&1'-)'3%410'5),-0.&-/< )HDVLELOLW\ KDV WR EH ERWK ÀQDQFLDO LW PXVW EH NQRZQ KRZ PXFK WKH IRUHVHHQ LQWHUYHQWLRQV ZLOO FRVW DQG ZKR DQG C%-='C=.-'-%?%,8'C%$$'2",*'-=1?L'.,*'1&),)?%&'K%<1<'%-'=./'-)'%,&$"*1'-=1'&)/-/'2)0'-=1'%?!$1?1,-.-%),')2 '1410+'/%,8$1' DFWLRQ DQG DFWLYLW\ HVWLPDWLQJ LWV \HDUO\ DPRXQW DQG WKH FROOHFWLYH DQG VRFLDO EHQHÀWV

34 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

RI GLIIHUHQW VHFWRUV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKHLU DWWUDFWLYHQHVV IRU SURGXFWLRQ DQG H[FKDQJH Ă&#x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Ă&#x20AC;FHV LQ FKDUJH RI WKH HODERUDWLRQ RI SODQV DQG SURMHFWV DV WKH WHUULWRULDO XQLW RI UHIHUHQFH $ /)&$2(#"> #/"0*.(#+.#B"..+-1(#"$14#+> #&#/)&$2(#"> #B"1+/+(.#"//0*.= D*"3#%)+.#B"+$%#"> #,+(C7#%C"#+$%(*(.%+$2#(?&3B1(.#&*(#%)(#E>&$%"F.#&$!#%)(#G"*3+!&F.#H+,(*#I"$%*&/%.= 7KH %RUPLGD LV D ULYHU WKDW Ă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Ă&#x20AC;QDOO\ Ă RZV LQWR WKH $GULDWLF 6HD LQ %DUOHWWD 3URA ,+$/(7#KB01+&#H(2+"$#5U(11+.&$%+7#9::P<=#8)(#B*"J(/%#"> #&#H+,(*#N&/%V#C&.#/"$/(+,(!#+$#9::S7#C+%)#%)(#(.%&A -1+.)3($%#"> #%)(#WH+,(*#E>&$%"XP#B*"%(/%(!#&*(&7#C)".(#-"*!(*.#>&11#C+%)+$#%)(#KB01+&$#B&*%#"> #%)(#-&.+$=# 8)+.#&*(&#2($(*&%(.#3&$4#%($.+"$.#-(%C(($#>&*3(*.#&$!#&0%)"*+%+(.#-(/&0.(#"> #%)(#*(.%*+/%+"$.#+$%*"!0/(!# C+%)#%)(#B&*'F.#>"0$!+$2=##U0*+$2#%)(#>"11"C+$2#4(&*#%)(*(#C(*(#3((%+$2.#&$!#$(2"%+&%+"$.#>*"3#C)+/)#%C"# QHHGV HPHUJHG WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW RQH LV WR UHGXFH WKH DUHD RI WKH SDUN E\ ;:7#C)+1(#%)(#.(/"$!#"$(#+.#%"#+$/10!(#+$# +%#%)(#C)"1(#*+,(*=#8)+.#+.#-(/&0.(#%)(#E>&$%"F.#B"110%+"$#+.#!0(#-"%)#%"#+%.#%*+-0%&*+(.F#C&%(*#&$!#%"#%)(#.(,(*&1# FDWFKPHQWV LQ WKH VWUHWFK RI WKH ULYHU WKDW Ă RZV DFURVV &DPSDQLD DQG %DVLOLFDWD UHJLRQV;;=#@$#KB*+1#9::P#%)(# N&/%#C&.#B*(.($%(!;97#C+%)#%)(#&+3#"> #(?B(*+3($%+$2#&#%(**+%"*+&1#!(,(1"B3($%#3"!(1#&//"*!+$2#%"#%)(#-+"A *(2+"$&1#&BB*"&/)7#C)+/)#+.#-&.(!#"$#&#.0B(*"*!+$&%(#($,+*"$3($%&1#.4.%(3#/"$.%+%0%(!#-4#%)(#+$%(**(2+"$&1# K\GURJUDSKLF EDVLQ ,W LV WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW DQG VR IDU WKH RQO\ LQWHUUHJLRQDO 5LYHU &RQWUDFW LQ ,WDO\ In order to overcome this crux and to achieve a territorial project that can integrate environmental and anthropic values, Magnaghi suggests to adopt a: â&#x20AC;&#x153;bioregional vision that would help planning imagination to redefine the issue of growth as a matter of exploration and measure of the relationship between human settlements and environment within the region, in order to set up principles of bio economy, orienting settlement principles towards the territorial ecosystemâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; self-reproducibilityâ&#x20AC;? (2011a, p.37). Magnaghi (2011b, p. 256) draws on Rebbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s concept of bioregionalism, intended as the form of decentralized human organization - that seeking to maintain the integrity of biological processes, the formations of life and the specific geographical formations of bioregion - helps the material and spiritual development S# @$%(*,+(C#%"#Y1($&#N"**"7#Y$,+*"$3($%##U(B&*%3($%7#N+(!3"$%#H(2+"$7#9Z#[0147#9:;9=#D"*#>0*%)(*#+$>"*3&%+"$#"$# G"*3+!&F.#HIT#KWWS ZZZ FRQWUDWWRĂ&#x20AC;XPHERUPLGD LW V# @$#%)+.#/&.(#%)(#H+,(*#I"$%*&/%#+.#/&11(!#WN&/%X= P# H(2+"$&1#O&C#$=#\S7#;Z#U(/(3-(*#9::S= ;:#WMB&*+./"$"#;:3+1&#(%%&*+X#5WE>&$%"7#/0%.#%"#%)(#B&*'=#;:%)"0.&$!#)(/%&*(.#,&$+.)X#<+$#I"**+(*(#!(1#](^^"2+"*$"7# 9Z#E/%"-(*#9::V= ;;M((#&*%+/1(#W]&#1&#*+!0^+"$(#!(1#B(*+3(%*"#!(1#N&*/"#!(11FE>&$%"#/+#."!!+.>&#."1"#+$#B&*%(X5#W_(F*(#"$14#B&*%+&114# VDWLVĂ&#x20AC;HG E\ WKH UHGXFWLRQ RI WKH SDUNÂˇV VL]HÂľ /D *D]]HWWD GHO 0H]]RJLRUQR 1RYHPEHU ;9#8)(#*(.01%.#"> #%)(#.(3+$&*#&*(#B0-1+.)(!#+$#%)(#B&B(*#0DQLIHVWR GL 0HOĂ&#x20AC; SHU LO 3DWWR 9DO GÂˇ2IDQWR 'DOOD IUDPPHQWD]LRQH DOOD LQWHJUD]LRQH LO 0H]]RJLRUQR FKH FUHVFH 0HOĂ&#x20AC; PDQLIHVWR IRU WKH 2IDQWR 9DOOH\ 3DFW )URP IUDJPHQWDWLRQ WR LQWHJUDWLRQ WKH JURZLQJ !"#$%&"' &($)*+,7#&,&+1&-1(#&1."#"$#%)(#C(-.+%(

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

35 | 59

of human communities live there. The river and its territory show, for their own nature, a physical-environmental type of coherence (specifically, a hydrographic one) which allows to overcome a merely political-administrative idea. In fact, water is a fundamental element both for the development of ecosystems and for the growth of anthropic societies. Therefore, the crucial issue lies in the ability to recognize, and to make others know, the bioregion whose development is to be planned. The river contract aims at fluvial reclamation at a basin scale, by means of integrated policies which are devised through participated processes that allow for the exchange of knowledge. So it can boost the development of a social and cultural awareness that is different from the concept of bioregion in its environmental, territorial and landscape aspects (Magnaghi, 2011b). However: “experiences started to this day show the need for a profound action of cultural reorientation at the level of technical experts and political decision-makers, before adopting and simply spreading the “frame” of a working model such as that of River Contracts, even in their “original” and most peculiar formulation. Simply the proposition of a mechanism – even a contractual one – is not enough on its own to modify and reorientate consolidated disciplinary practices which are not able to bear on the causes for degradation and which contribute to creating it in many ways.” (Calori, 2008, p.I). In all likelihood, more clarity about working method, timing, fi nancing and, especially, prescriptive acknowledgement of the RC could facilitate not only its circulation, but also the cultural change that is necessary for politicians, representatives and citizens to consider it a territorial scale of reference (different from the administrative one) for territorial policies.

36 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$"%&"'( !""#$%&'()#&*+,*-'..#&&#*/0*123345*/D JHVWLRQ SDU EDVVLQ YHUVDQW GX SULQFLSH pFRORJLTXH j OD FRQWUDLQWH SROLWLTXH ² OH FDV GX 0pNRQJ 9HUWLJR,*-'*&#67#*#(*.89#(8#.*:#*$;#(69&<((#=#(%,*><$*?,*(0*40* -79)9*+<@@9<,*A'%&9B9'*C'&<)$9'*1233D5,*/XQJR LO ÀXPH GHOOH SROLWLFKH FRQWUDWWXDOL]]DWH 'DOO·HVSHULHQ]D IUDQFHVH DO FDVR !"#$%&'#(#,*E#)9<(#*A9#=<(%#,*F..#&6'%<&9<*.7$$'*&9"<&='*'==9(9.%&'%96',*G%%HIJJKKK0&#)9<(#0H9#=<(%#0 LW RVVBULIRUPD GZG OXQJRBÀXPH SGI0 L'$<&9*!0*1233D5*,O JRYHUQR GHL EDFLQL ÁXYLDOL QHL &RQWUDWWL GL )LXPH SURVSHWWLYH LQQRYDWLYH H OLPLWL GLVFLSOLQDUL,*A#&9<:98<* %&9=#.%&'$#*:#$$'*C<89#%M*N%'$9'('*:9*)#<$<)9'*!=@9#(%'$#,*'((<*O>N,*(0P0 Q#$$9.'(%9*R'&9'*E7))9#&<*1233S5,*/H ULVRUVH GHOO·2IDQWR (FRQRPLD H DPELHQWH QHOOD YDOOH GHO )LXPH,*C%9$<*T:9%&98#0 U<6#&('*/0,*V<$:<*!0*123PP5,*/H OLQHH JXLGD GHL FRQWUDWWL GL ÀXPH LQ 3LHPRQWH,*9(*+'.%9'(9*1#:5,*L<(%&'%%9*:9*/97=#0* 3LDQLÀFD]LRQH VWUDWHJLFD H SDUWHFLSDWH GHL EDFLQL LGURJUDÀFL 'DULR )ODFFRYLR (GLWRUH 3DOHUPR SS W*2SD0 +$<(X79.%*Y0*1233D5*)#*+'"&,-!#%!*#-+&.-'/#-#&0"1%&$#&'-"&-1"0#1-2+("&(3-+-!1#(#&'+'"%&-4%1-'/#-56'/-7&&"0#1(+18-%4 -'/#9'+*8:;<=0*L<<H#&'%9<(*9(*%G#*/7$@&9)G%0 R')(')G9*!0*1233D5*, FRQWUDWWL GL ÀXPH XQD OXQJD PDUFLD YHUVR QXRYH IRUPH LQWHJUDWH GL 3LDQLÀFD]LRQH WHUULWRULDOH,*Z<[ %9B9'&9<*:#$$;!&8G969<*F.6'$:<*A9'8#(%9(9,*(0P,*E#))9<*T=9$9'0 R')(')G9*!0*123PP'5*&RQWUDWWL GL ÀXPH H SLDQLÀFD]LRQH XQR VWUXPHQWR LQQRYDWLYR SHU LO JRYHUQR GHO WHUULWRULR,*9(*+'.%9'(9* HG &RQWUDWWL GL )LXPH 3LDQLÀFD]LRQH VWUDWHJLFD H SDUWHFLSDWH GHL EDFLQL LGURJUDÀFL 'DULR )ODFFRYLR T:9%<&#,*HH0*4P*W*??0 R')(')G9*!0*123PP@5*9*->"?$#-&#*-!1%,#''%-."-2"%1#,"%&#,*9(*T&8<$9(9*1#:5,*\7#.%9<(#*'8X7'I*$7<)G9,*H'#.'))9,* %#&&9%<&9,*!&'8(#*#:9%&98#,*HH0*2]]*W*2^^0 R'..'&7%%<*!0*1PSSS5*/H SROLWLFKH GHOO·DFTXD LQ ,WDOLD OD GLIÀFLOH WUDVIRUPD]LRQH GDOOD SROLWLFD GHOOH LQIUDVWUXWWXUH DOOD SROLWLFD DPELHQWDOH ,O JRYHUQR GHOO·DFTXD WUD SHUFRUVL ORFDOL H JUDQGL VSD]L 4XDGHUQL GHO GLSDUWLPHQWR GL *HRJUDÀD _(96#&.9%M*:9*A':<6'0* !(%<(9<*R'..'&7%%<*1233D5*/·DFTXD,*N$*R7$9(<0 R<$$#*/0*1233^5*@*+&&"&,-+&.-$+&+,"&,-A+'#1-1#(%?1B#(-+'-'/#-1"0#1:2+("&-*#0#*C-D$#1,#&B#-+&.-#0%*?'"%&-%4 -+-B%&B#!',* L<$<=@<,*C&9*-'(`',*N(%#&('%9<('$*Y'%#&*R'(')#=#(%*N(.%9%7%#*1NYRN5,*P^*L<=H&#G#(.96#*!..#..=#(%* E#.#'&8G*E#H<&%0 R<..*V0*123345*C<$69()*A&<@$#=.*<" *a/9%;*'%*%G#*TbH#(.#*<" *A&<@$#=.*<" *aN(%#&H$'c;d*VG#*CH'%9'$*E#<&)'[ (9.'%9<(*<" *Y'%#&*R'(')#=#(%*"<$$<K9()*%G#*T_*Y'%#&*/&'=#K<&`*Q9&#8%96#,*1:&'"%5,*H7@$9.G#:*@c*%G#* N(.%9%7%#*"<&*E#)9<('$*Q#6#$<H=#(%*'(:*C%&78%7&'$*A$'((9(),*T&`(#&0 >9#9$$'&:[L<""&#*C0*1233P5**HVWLRQ GH O·HDX HW EDVVLQ YHUVDQW 'H O·pYLGHQWH VLPSOLFLWp G·XQ GpFRXSDJH QDWXUHO j VD FRPSOH[H $"(#-#&-!1+'"E?#,*ef&<:<%#,*233P,*(0*23P,*H0P4S[P]^0

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

37 | 59

?$*19)"#,&21'$$"$%& 5@0/9%@&5@,&A@,'50,&/. &5@,&B++0,)),( I*2#.#(J+"2$G#.F2

K2=#.>2&+$>-(F2(L.E*2>+>>%.#(K@KL 0$27+.32>M(F2(N2.+$O+4(P'Q2E*+"2(54(R9:5:4(N2.+$O+ H PDLO GDYLG IDQIDQL#XQLÀ LW )+"8/#S(T;D(9RR(56RUVW5(

,QFOXVLYH SODQQLQJ PHDQV WKDW SHRSOH DUH FRQVLGHUHG ZLWK WKHLU VSHFLÀF QHHGV QR PRUH DV DQ KRPRJHQHRXV JURXS LQ <*2E*(>*+(#F%">(&#"+(=-2$>(-/ (72+<(=.+7#2"3(#$F(->*+.(=+-="+(X($->(&#"+3(#$F8-.($->(#F%">3(X(*#7+(>-(#F#=>(>*+&3+"C 7+3Y4(1%>(#3(#(="%.#"(G.-%='(@>(&+#$3(#(E*#$G+(-/ (=#.#F2G&Z($-(&-.+(=+-="+(*#7+(>-(#F#=>(>-(>*+(="#$4(1%>(="#$$+.3(*#7+( WR ÀQG ZD\ SROLFLHV DQG WRROV WR VDWLVI\ WKH PRVW GLIIHUHQW SHRSOH ZLWK WKHLU RZQ SRLQWV RI YLHZ 7KH ÀUVW SUREOHP IRU DQ LQFOXVLYH SODQQHU LV WR JHW WR NQRZ DOO WKHVH UHTXHVWV DQG GHVLUHV +HUH LV VXJJHVWHG WKDW WKH )*+#>.+(-/ (>*+(H==.+33+F(23(-$+(-/ (3%E*(&+>*-F3'( )*+(=#=+.(#.+(=.+3+$>3(>*.++(1.#$E*+3(-/ (>*+(&+>*-F([2$7+$>+F(1\(L%G%3>-(J-#"(2$(>*+(A+7+$>2+3'Y4(%3+/%"(/-.(="#$$2$G( WKH EUDQFKHV DUH ,PDJH 7KHDWUH )RUXP 7KHDWUH /HJLVODWLYH 7KHDWUH WKHQ DUH EULHÁ\ GHVFULEHG WKUHH H[DPSOHV RI 72 XVHG IRU VROYLQJ VSDWLDO FRQÁLFWV )LQDOO\ VRPH FKDUDFWHULVWLFV WKDW PDNH WKH PHWKRG XVHIXO DQG SRZHUIXO DUH OLVWHG

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ÀF QHHGV OHIW XQVDWLVÀHG H,W·V QHFHVVDU\ WR VXEVWLWXWH WKH SDUDGLJP RI WKH 213#)21(#!"#$%&'($')#(!*&'%!'%(!&+("!,- !"#$%&'($')#(!".+!/0"..&.1!2,+)0"'(+! ,.!2,3(2(.'4!".+!*&4%(4!,- !"!'%,)4".+!/0)#"0!5,+&(4!'%"'!&.%"5&'!'%(!$&'67!&.!'%(&#!+&3(#4&'6!".+!#&$%.(448I) ?L1&14)MNDN4)9;DD@ ,QFOXVLYH SODQQLQJ PHDQV WKDW SHRSOH DUH FRQVLGHUHG ZLWK WKHLU VSHFLÀF QHHGV QR PRUH DV DQ KRPRJHQHRXV 8$'79)?*-)06*56).6#)213#)9'*-.)', )"*#0)9$#"1*3+)1-().6#)'.6#$)9#'93#)O)-'.)213#+)1-(P'$)-'.)1(73.+)O)61"#) .')1(19.).6#2+#3"#+@4)&7.)1+)1)937$13)8$'79;)G.)2#1-+)1)561-8#)', )91$1(*82/)-')2'$#)9#'93#)61"#).')1(19.) WR WKH SODQ EXW SODQQHUV KDYH WR ÀQG ZD\ SROLFLHV DQG WRROV WR VDWLVI\ WKH PRVW GLIIHUHQW SHRSOH

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ÀQG DELOLW\ DQG VWUDWHJ\ LQ D VDIHW\ ZD\ ?3*C#)*-)1).$1*-*-8)8$'7-(@;)S&'7.).6#)2#.6'()T'13)+1*(/ H>?7!56!+&--(#(.'!*"67!&4!".!(@/#(44&,.!,- !"!$,.4'".'!#(4("#$%!,- !+&"0,1)(!-,#24A!'%("'#&$"0!-,#24!'%"'!$".!!$,22).&$"'(!*&'%! 4,$&"0!"$'&,.47!/(+"1,167!/46$%,'%(#"/67!/,0&'&$4I)?T'134)MNNM4)9;DW@ QR)5'29$*+#+)(*,,#$#-.)&$1-56#+).61.)1*2+)1.)21C*-8)9#'93#)101$#)', )'99$#++*'-+4)1-()3#.)9#'93#).$%)(*,,#: UHQW VWUDWHJLHV IRU PDQDJLQJ DQG VROYLQJ FRQÁLFW DQG LQ RUGHU WR FRQTXHU WKHLU IUHHGRP

40 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'(!"!#$%!#&%%!'( !)$%!#$%*)&%!'( !)$%!+,,&%--%.

!"#$%&'()*+ ),&')-&'#,"')*+ ),&').//"'(('0 #$%!#$%*)&%!'( !)$%!+,,&%--%.!$*-!/%%0!102%0)%.!10!)$%!3%2%0)1%-!10!4&*5167!*0.!-108%!)$*)!9'9%0)!1)!/%:*0! )'!-,&%*.!*66!'2%&!)$%!;'&.<!4'*6!.%2%6',%.!.1((%&%0)!/&*08$%-7!)'!/%!=-%.!('&!.1((%&%0)!'/>%8)12%-< $V LW LV GUDZQ LQ WKH Ã&#x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

12#3'),&'#,"' S:RUGV DUH HPSWLQHVVHV WKDW Ã&#x20AC;OO WKH HPSWLQHVV YDFXXP WKDW H[LVWV EHWZHHQ RQH KXPDQ EHLQJ DQG DQRWKHU :RUGV DUH OLQHV WKDW ZH FDUYH LQ WKH VDQG VRXQGV WKDW ZH VFXOSW LQ WKH DLU :H NQRZ WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH ZRUG ZH SURQRXQFH EHFDXVH ZH Ã&#x20AC;OO LW ZLWK

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

41 | 59

RXU GHVLUHV LGHDV DQG IHHOLQJV EXW ZH GRQ·W NQRZ KRZ WKDW ZRUG LV JRLQJ WR EH KHDUG E\ HDFK OLVWHQHU ,0$*( 7+($75( LV !"#$%&$#"'( ")$*+,&-.$#"/+!/"!00'1"2$'20$"/'"*'33.,&*!/$"/+%'.4+"53!4$#"!,6"72!*$#8"!,6",'/"/+%'.4+"1'%6#"!0',$9!"#$%&%'()" *)+,-"./)"01"2+31/4)"5667-"8/("/3"999:(;1+(41)<(;1)==41''10:)4&>: %RDO WKHRUL]HV WKDW QRW RQO\ ZRUGV DUH VLJQLÀFDQW WR FRPPXQLFDWH HPRWLRQV DQG WKRXJKWV DQG KH VXVWDLQ (;+("+8(/)3'-"/?+&1'-"'=+81'"+30"@)0A"8+3"?+B1"/("1C13"@1((14:"D;/'"(18;3/E%1"/'"%'10"?)'("<)4"1F=,)4/3&" GHHS WKRXJK DQG IRU PDQDJLQJ FRQÁLFWV

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ÁHFW FROOHFWLYHO\ RQ WKH VXJJHVWLRQ DQG WKHUHE\ EHFRPH HPN =)91410"()"&1314+(1"')8/+,"+8(/)3:"D;1+(41"@18+?1"+"=4+8(/8+,"C1;/8,1"<)4"&4+''N4))('"+8(/C/'?:!"#P+((14')3-"KLLL-"=:"K-" 8/(:"/3"Q+3014'-"5667-"=:"55R>:

$"G)4%?"(;1+(41"@1&/3'"9/(;"(;1"41=41'13(+(/)3")< "+3")==41''/C1"'/(%+(/)3-"+30"'=18(+()4'"+41"/3C/(10"()"&)" )3"(;1"'(+&1"()"(4A"0/<<1413("'),%(/)3'H" IGS.TUNDOV$D.V"=41'13('"+"'8131")4"+"=,+A"(;+("?%'("3181''+4/,A"';)9"+"'/(%+(/)3")< ")==41''/)3"(;+("(;1"P4)(+N JRQLVW GRHV QRW NQRZ KRZ WR À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

+),-./*'-0)&1()*'#) Y1&/',+(/C1"D;1+(41"/'"+"9+A"()"@%/,0"4%,1'"+30",+9'"<4)?"(;1"@)(()?-"&/C/3&"C)/81"()"(;1"8/(/X13'H IYVZJQY$DJ[V"DOV$D.V"/'"(;1"%(/,/X+(/)3")< "+,,"<)4?'")< "(;1"D;1+(41")< "(;1"S==41''10"9/(;"(;1"+/?")< "(4+3'<)4N ?/3&"(;1"8/(/X13'",1&/(/?+(1"01'/41'"/3()"Y+9':"$<(14"+"3)4?+,"G)4%?"'1''/)3-"91"841+(1"+"'=+81"'/?/,+4"()"+"\;+?@14" ZKHUH ODZV DUH PDGH DQG ZH SURFHHG WR FUHDWH D VLPLODU ULWXDO RI ODZPDNLQJ IROORZLQJ WKH VDPH RIÀFLDO SURFHGXUH RI =41'13(/3&"P4)]18('"@+'10")3"(;1"'=18(N+8()4'"/3(14C13(/)3'-"01<130/3&")4"41<%'/3&"(;1?-"C)(/3&-"1(8:"$("(;1"130-"91" 8),,18("(;1"+==4)C10"'%&&1'(/)3'"+30"(4A"()"=%("=41''%41"%=)3"(;1",+9?+B14'"()";+C1"(;)'1",+9'"+==4)C10:!"#$%&%'()"

42 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'("&)*&+#,*(-"&.//0%&1(2&(,&333425*#2-*"625*"77-*88*)4"-9:4

!#8(1#$$;&(2&(8&$(<*&#&="->?&@5*#2-*%&(,&35(15&8"?*&1"??",&7-"A$*?8&#-*&7-*8*,2*)4&B>-(,9&25*&7$#;&7*"7$*& 1#,&7#-2(1(7#2*&A"25&3(25&8>A82(2>2(",8&"6 &#12"-8&C#8&(,&#&1$#88(1#$&="->?&@5*#2-*:&#,)&3-(2(,9&7-"7"8#$&"6 & ->$*8&"-&$#384&D62*-&25*&7$#;&#$$&25*8*&7-"7"8#$8&#-*&)(81>88*)&#,)&2-#,86"-?*)&(,&E*9#$&D12(",8&C'*6*-*,F )>?%&7"7>$#-&(,(2(#2(G*&$#38%&#,)&8"&",:4&H#;A*&25(8&(8&25*&2*15,(I>*&?"-*&>8#A$*&(,&7#-2(1(7#2(G*&7-"1*88*8& #,)&7$#,,(,94

!"#$%&'()*'$"+ $)&'$,--*'..'/$0(1$2'$3.'/$(.$($)""4$+"*$51043.56'$74(115189$ %#"$':(;-4'.$(1/$)&*''$.)"*5'.9 72 FDQ EH XVHG DV D PHWKRG WR PDNH SHRSOH DZDUH DERXW SUREOHPV VROYH FRQÁLFWV WU\ VWUDWHJLHV GHEDWH $V 25*-*&#-*&,"&-*82-(12(",8&#A">2&2"7(18&7*"7$*&1#,&#77-"#15&25-">95&@J%&(2&1#,&A*&-*#$$;&>8*6>$&6"-&*K#?7$*& LQ VSDFH FRQÁLFWV RU LQ SROLFLHV GHVLJQ RU DOVR LQ VSDFH GHVLJQ 7KUHH H[DPSOHV DUH KHUH EULHÁ\ GHVFULEHG WKH ÀUVW RQH DQG WKH VHFRQG RQH DUH WZR VFHQHV RI )RUXP 7KHF DWUH XVHG IRU VROYLQJ VRPH FRQÁLFW DERXW WKH XVHV RI WKH FRXUW\DUG RI VRPH EXLOGLQJV LQ WKH SHULSKHU\ RI H($#,%&25*&"25*-&*K#?7$*&(8&#&E*9(8$#2(G*&@5*#2-*&>8*)&6"-&)*A#2(,9&#A">2&#&$(22$*&7#-<&(,&25*&7*-(75*-;&"6 & H")*,#&#,)&35#2&H>,(1(7#$(2;&85">$)&)"&6"-&25*&8#6*2;&"6 &25*&7#-<&>8*-84 7KH ÀUVW WZR VFHQHV ZHUH WKH UHVXOW RI D ZRUNVKRS QDPHG ´6WDGHUD FLWWj DSHUWDµ 6WDGHUD RSHQ FLW\ ² 6WDGHUD (8&25*&,#?*&"6 &25*&,*(95A">-5""):4&@5*&9-">7&"6 &7#-2(1(7#,28&3#8&1"?7"8*)&A;&,*(95A">-8&#,)&1"??>F ,(2;&7-"6*88(",#$8&3"-<(,9&(,&25*&#-*#4& 7KH VFHQHV WKDW ZHUH SOD\HG ZHUH WUXH VWRULHV RI SHRSOH OLYLQJ LQ WKH DUHD WKH À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À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ÁRRU RI WKH EXLOGLQJ $V WKH ZRPDQ FRPSODLQHG YHU\ RIWHQ IRU WKH QRLVH FKLOGUHQ VWDUF WHG PDNLQJ PXFK PRUH QRLVH SOD\LQJ IRRWEDOO MXVW XQGHU KHU ZLQGRZV DQG VR RQ )LQDOO\ LQ D ÀW RI UDJH WKH "$)&3"?#,&5(2&#&$(22$*&9(-$&#,)&3#8&A*#2*,&5*-8*$6 &A;&25*&9(-$L8&7#-*,284&@5*&82"-;&3#8&G*-;&3*$$&-*1"9,(O*)& DV UHDO E\ WKH VSHFWDWRUV LQ WKLV FDVH LW HPHUJHG WKDW LQ WKH PRVW RI WKH FRXUW\DUGV WKHUH ZHUH FRQÁLFWV OLNH 25(8&",*%&A*1#>8*&1">-2;#-)8&3*-*&87#1*8&8>(2#A$*&6"-&A#A(*8&#,)&15($)-*,%&A>2&,"&?"-*&6"-&#)"$*81*,284&M"& (2&3#8&1$*#-&25#2&#&?#P"-&,**)&"6 &25*&,*(95A">-5"")&3#8&2"&5#G*&#&7$#1*&3*-*&#)"$*81*,28&1">$)&?**2&#,)& 82#;&2"9*25*-4& @5(8&8*1",)&1#8*&(8&#&G*-;&9"")&*K#?7$*&2"&>,)*-82#,)&5"3&25*&@5*#2-*&"6 &25*&J77-*88*)&1#,&A*&#&9"")& PHWKRG IRU DQ LQFOXVLYH SODQQHU LQ WKLV FDVH WKH UROH RI WKH SURIHVVLRQDO LV WR KHOS WKH FRPPXQLW\ WR ÀQG 25*&->$*8&6"-&>8(,9&25*&87#1*&(,&25*&1">-2;#-)8&C35(15&9#?*8%&35(15&5">-8%&35(15&#9*:&,#2>-#$$;&(,G"$G(,9& FKLOGUHQ WKDW KDYH HPHUJHG DV DFWRUV LQ WKH FRPSHWLWLRQ SODQQHU KDV DOVR WR KHOS SHRSOH WR ÀQG D SODFH 35*-*&#)"$*81*,28&1#,&82#;&2"9*25*-&#,)&15($)-*,&1#,&)"&,"(8;&9#?*84 7KH FDVH RI 0RGHQD ZDV DQRWKHU VSDFH FRQÁLFWV LQ D OLWWOH SDUN LQ WKH SHULSKHU\ RI WKH FLW\ 7KH SDUN ZDV >8*)&A;&*$)*-$;&7*"7$*&2"&8(2&(,&25*&A*,15&#,)&9"(,9&6"-&#&3#$<%&A;&15($)-*,%&A;&;">,9&7*"7$*&2"&82#;&2"9*25*-%& A;&"25*-&(,5#A(2#,28&9"(,9&3(25&)"98&#,)&8"&",4&@5*&7-"A$*?8&3*-*&25#2&25*&7#-<&3#8&G*-;&A#)&*I>(77*)&

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

43 | 59

!"#$%&'()('(*+$,-"./0$1*"12*$.+(/0$'#%+3&%/+$%+$4%+5*'6$%/7$)*#-$7(#'-8$9.#(/0$'3*$/(03'$1*"12*$:*#*$+&%#*7$ WR SDVV WKHUH EHFDXVH WKHUH ZHUH SXVKHUV DQG RWKHU YLOODLQV 7KH GUDPD WHOOV DERXW DOO WKHVH FRQÁLFWV 7KH +1*&';%&'"#+$:*#*$(/)"2)*7$4"'3$%+$%&'"#+$(/$'3*$+.4+'('.'("/+$%/7$0()(/0$+.00*+'("/+$'"$'3*$<./(&(1%2('-8$=!; '*#$'3*$+&*/*$%$7*4%'*$$'""5$12%&*$%4".'$%22$'3*$+.00*+'("/+>$:('3$+"?*$2*0%2$*@1*#'+$0()(/0$2%:$+.00*+'("/+8$ A/$'3(+$&%+*$%$12%//*#$&%/$4*$(/)"2)*7$4"'3$(/$0()(/0$+.00*+'("/+>$4.'$%2+"$(/$0()(/0$*@1*#'(+*$%4".'$'""2+$"! $ 12%&*$&"/'#"2$%/7$#*0.2%'("/+8$

!"#$%&'($B$C3*$D2-*#$"! $'3*$E*0(+2%'()*$C3*%'#*$(/$<"7*/%

!"#$%&'("#' $V ZULWWHQ LQ WKH À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

44 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

FRQFUHWH SRVVLELOLW\ RI OLYLQJ WKHVH VLWXDWLRQV LQ UHDO OLIH ¶,W·V QRQ VXIÀFLHQW NQRZLQJ WKDW WKH ZRUOG PXVW EH WUDQVIRUPHG SHRSOH PXVW GR LW ·µ!"#$$%!&'()*$!+,-,!,!.*/0,12 34!5#/!6*!7$*8!9,)!*(*):!0,;'5<!#$!=,/>!#$!0?*:!#)*!)*#=!#/8!)*=#0*!0,!)*#=@='9*!$'07#0',/$% A,)!#==!0?*$*!5?#)#50*)'$0'5$!B*!5#/!$#:!0?#0!34!'$!#!(*):!7$*97=!;,B*)97=!-*0?,8!0?#0!5#/!6*!7$*8!'/! '/5=7$'(*!;=#//'/>%!

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

(&)%*+,"-."/"%0' 3?*!#$$,5'#0',/!:0;&#,'<(=('*'>#4%(!"BBB%='()*$%'01<!=#!5,,;*)#0'(*!$%&LWWj!"BBB%#65'00#%,)>1!B,)Q*8!'/!0?*! /*'>?6,7)!U0#8*)#!'/!J'=#/,%!3?*:!,)>#/'[*8!0?*!34!*\;*)'*/5*!]U0#8*)#!+'00^!D;*)0#_%! 3?*!#$$,5'#0',/!3*#0)'/8'9*$'!"BBB%0*#0)'/8'9*$'%,)>1!5)*#0*8!#/8!;)*$*/0*8!]K#)0*5';#)0*%!&`#)0*!8*==#!;#)@ 0*5';#[',/*_!0,!*(*):!9)*a7*/0*)!,9 !0?*!K#)Q!bbSS!D;)'=*!'/!J,8*/#%!3?*:!#=$,!;)*$*/0*8!0?*!$5*/*!87)'/>! 0?*!34!S0#='#/!O#0',/#=!A*$0'(#=!"C,=,>/#!@!J,8*/#<!EFLL1% 3?*!#$$,5'#0',/!+#/0'*)'+,-7/'!"BBB%5#/0'*)'5,-7/'%,)>1!B'0?!0?*!0?*#0)*!5,-;#/:!3*#0),!S/$0#6'=*!8*==#! 37$5'#!c,-#/#!*!#/8!0?*!#$$,5'#0',/!&'()*$!+,-,!4!.*/0,!,)>#/'[*!=#6,)#0,)'*$!#/8!*\;*)'*/5*$!#6,70! 34%!

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

45 | 59

?,%0,%'5,(&@/(",)8&2')),0-4:&@/(",)8& @/(",)&"$-3*5"/$& I"23#1+>>#(J-.$2(

K2=#.>2&+$>-(K@A) !-"2>+E$2E-(F2()-.2$-4((+"23#1+>>#'/-.$2L=-"2>-'2> 9::(9D96M65(

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Ã&#x20AC;F DUHDV DUH QDWXUDO FRQWLQXDWLRQV RI WKH FODVVLFDO EHKDYLRXUV >*+(@$F2#$(E%">%.#"(>.#F2>2-$(#$F(2>3(3+>>"+&+$>3(E-$323>(-/ (#(*23>-.N(-/ (.%.#"(F+7+"-=&+$>(#$F(#$(+E-$-&N(1#3+F(-$( /#.&2$G(72""#G+3(#$F(-$(#G.2E%">%.#"(&+&-.2+3'(@$(>*+3+(=+.2C%.1#$(R-$+34(1+><++$(>*+(E-%$>.N32F+(#$F(>*+(E2>N4(>*23( $+<(Q2$F(-/ (+$E-%$>+.(G+$+.#>+3(#($+<(*N1.2F2R#>2-$(-/ (#.E*2>+E>%.+4(3=#E+3(#$F($#>%.#"(3N3>+&3'

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ÀUHSODFH DV OXQJV WKDW -3#+6"#$B?42A:$CDEEF>$$ G&#33#$H0343(&#4I)$#6".023+*"9$05 $6"#$J+-9%#$"04)#$"+($-##.$503$8+.9$(#,+(#)$6"#$80)6$&8*036+.6$+.($ HQOLJKWHQLQJ VWXG\ DERXW GRPHVWLF VSDFH 7KH DNKDP WKH .DE\OH KRXVH H[HPSOLÀHV WKH FRPSOH[LW\ RI LWV )98-0%&,$+))0,&+6&0.)$$1&6"$6"#$)*+,#:$1"0)#$54.,6&0.)$+3#$8&3303)$05 $6"#$-0(&#)$+.($05 $$6"#$54.(+8#.6+%$ )0,&07,4%643+%$0**0)&6&0.$$)634,643&.2$/+-9%#$)0,&#69K$6"#$(&'&)&0.$-#61##.$6"#$)#<#)$BH043(&#4:ELLDF>$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 6WDUWLQJ IURP WKH WKUHVKROG V\PEROLFDOO\ FRQQHFWHG WR WKH IXQFWLRQ RI SDVVDJH RI VRFLDOO\ GHÀ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À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

*+,$+,-#+&./%&)+0 /LTXLG PRGHUQLW\ LV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH ZHOO NQRZQ GHÀQLWLRQ JLYHQ E\ =LJPXQG %DXPDQ D FLYLOL]DWLRQ ZKR LV EDVHG RQ H[FHVV RQ RYHUVXSSO\ RQ ZDVWH DQG RQ ODQGÀOO ZDVWHV %DXPDQ Q.%&/#$6"#$3#542##):$1"0$+3#$6"#$"48+.$1+)6#$05 $6"#$2%0-+%$$530.6&#3I)$%+.(:$$046)&(#3)$046$05 $*%+,#$#'#391"#7 3#:$6"#3#$+3#$06"#3$"48+.$-#&.2)$$B+.($-0(&#)F$1"0$+3#$,%#+3%9$$)*#,&+%$/&.($05 $&.)&(#3)K$6"#$43-+.$046,+)6)>$ =01#'#3:$6"#&3$)#23#2+6#($-0(&#):$(4#$60$)+643+6&0.$05 $6"#$*%+.#6:$,+..06$-#$(#*036#($60$4.&."+-&6#($530.7 WLHU ODQGV RU FDQQRW ÀQG DQ\ MRE HOVHZKHUH -XVW EHFDXVH WKH\ DUH WRWDOO\ QRW HPSOR\DEOH D FKURQLF ODERXU·V RYHUVXSSO\ WKH\ EHFRPH XUEDQ RXWFDVWV WR EH VHJUHJDWHG LQ ¶LSHUJKHWWRV· FRQFHSWXDOO\ VLPLODU WR ODQGÀOO 1+)6#)>$ !"#$&8+2#)$6"+6$O$"+'#$&.$8&.($+3#$5308$+.$O6+%&+.$*"06023+*"#3:$R+%#3&0$P*+(+:$1"0$"+)$#.6&6%#($$MS08037 3+"$2&3%I$+$,0%%#,6&0.$05 $'#39$&.6#.)#$+.($8#+.&.254%$*&,643#)$$05 $2&3%)$5308$$T+*%#)$+.($P,+8*&+:$0.#$05 $"&)$ 103)6$046)/&36)E> !"#"$$%$&)$6"#$$6&6%#$05 $+$5+804)$-00/$-9$U0-#360$P+'&+.0:$63+.)%+6#($&.$8+.9$%+.24+2#):$1"&,"$$(#),3&-#)$ WKH SRZHU DQG WKH YLROHQFH WKDW &DPRUUD ORFDO PDÀD IDPLOLHV UXOLQJ 1DSOHV DQG WKH VXUURXQGLQJ UHJLRQ LV *#3'+)&'#%9$#<#36&.2$0.$6"#$8+V03&69$05 $$%&'#)$+.($-0(&#)>$$S08033+"$2&3%)I$-0(&#)$+3#$W4&6#$#%0W4#.6$&.$,087 84.&,+6&.2$60$6"#$0-)#3'#3$6"#$84%6&*%#$(&8#.)&0.)$05 $6"#&3$8+32&.+%&69$+.($)#23#2+6&0.:$.06$0.%9$$1"#.$ SKRWRJUDSKHG LQ WKH LQWHULRUV RI ÁDWV DQG EXLOGLQJV VHULRXVO\ GHJUDGHG RU LQ URRPV ZKHUH HYHU\ REMHFW KL7 2"%&2"6)$6"#$.##($503$/##*&.2$+.($)"01&.2$6"#$(08&.+.6$)98-0%)$05 $+$,0.)48#3$)0,&#69$1"0$&)$+.91+9$046$ 05 $3#+,">$?.60.&0$S3+8),&$104%($"+'#$,+%%#($$6"+6$/&.($05 $,0880(&6&#)$M6"#$(#23+(#($$1+)6#)$05 $(08&.+.6$ E$ !""#$%%&&&'()*+,-./#)0)'1.2%3/!.&45

48 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$"%&'()*+,$&*(-.(($/&(*+012)$&*(34&&(5+%(&6)0,#&(,1!$"%&(789(3:%)04!1;(7<<=9> ?#4+;($/&1%(-+*1&4()%&(@"1$&(&#+@"&2$((A/&2($/&(B1%#4()%&(,+%$%).&*(+"$41*&(/+0&>(C2*&&*($/&.(4&&0($+(D14")E OL]H DQG VKRZ XS WKH PRUDO HIIHFWV RI WKHLU SK\VLFDO VHJUHJDWLRQ KXPDQ ÁHVK H[SUHVVLQJ JHQGHU RSSUHVVLRQ DQG VXERUGLQDWLRQ DV ZHOO DV WKH FRPPRGLÀFDWLRQ RI ZRPHQ·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ÀFDQW GLIIHUHQFH EHWZHHQ WKH WZR VRFLDO JURXSV EXW LW KDV EHHQ ZLGHO\ GRFXPHQWHG /+A(*14%",$1D&(+5 ($/&(4+!1)#(+%*&%()2*(+5 (H4+!1)#(/),,12&44'(!)2(-&()(4&B%&B)$&*((4+!1&$.;(A1$/(,&+,#&(0+%&( DQG PRUH DIIHFWHG DQG LQÁ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·%ULHQ -XVWLÀHG E\ DGXOW·V IHDU IRU WKHLU VHFXULW\ FRQQHFWHG WR WKH VXSSRVHG XQFRQWUROOHG SUHVHQFH RI ¶GDQJHURXV· JURXSV DQG LQGLYLGXDOV OLNH SHGRSKLOHV RU WR PRWRUL]HG WUDIÀF WKH ,/.41!)#(&6!#"41+2(+5 (!/1#*%&2(-.(,"-#1!("%-)2(4,)!&4()2*($/&1%(%&!#"41+2(12$+()*"#$(4",&%D14&*(,#)!&4(/)4( -&!+0&()(0)$$&%(+5 (5)!$>(F/&(,%+-#&0(14;($/)$($/&(%14K(%&#)$&*($+($/&(,%&4&2!&(+5 (*)2B&%+"4((12*1D1*")#4(14(+5E WHQ RYHUHVWLPDWHG DV LW LV SDUW RI WKH DERYH PHQWLRQHG ¶VRFLDO FRQVWUXFWLRQ· RI IHDU ZKLOH WKH WUDIÀ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

!"##$%&'()'*+,$# U.(,"%,+4&(/&%&(14($+(!+241*&%($/&(0"#$1,#&(*10&241+24(+5 ((-+*1&4($%)241$12B(12("%-)2(4,)!&4>(F/&(4+(!)##&*( H#+!)#(012*'()#A).4()%14&4(5%+0($/&(,%10+%*1)#(&6,&%1&2!&(+5 (*14+%1&2$)$1+2;(!+22&!$&*($+($/&(2&&*(5+%($/&( GHÀQLWLRQ RI FOHDU ERXQGDULHV IRU WKH JURXS RU WULEH VHWWOHPHQW L12!&($/&(,)#&+#1$1!(&%);(&%%)$1!(A)#K12B(/)4(-&&2($/&(A).(5+%(0),,12B()2*((!+2$%+##12B($/&($&%%1$+%1&4>(F/&( ?"4$%)#1)2()-+%1B12)#(!"#$"%&;(5+%(&6)0,#&;(!%&)$&*($/&(O)#K)-+"$(4.4$&0(+5 ($%)1#4(5+%(0),,12B($/&(&2$1%&( !+2$12&2$(3Z)%&%1;(7<<8\(,>(7]9>(^D&%.($%)1#(!+%%&4,+2*4($+()(4$+%.(4)2B(5+%($&##12B($/&(/14$+%.(+5 ($/&(+%1B12(+5 ( KXPDQ NLQG FRQQHFWHG WR D VSHFLÀF SDUW RI WKH WHUULWRU\ 7KH SK\VLF VSDFH VWDUWHG WR EH VLJQLÀHG WKURXJK 0.4$1!()2*(4)!%&*(4.0-+#4($/)2K4($+($/14(K12*(+5 (&%%)$1!(,%)!$1!&(A/1!/(B)D&(-1%$/($+(-+$/(4&*&2$)%.()2*( 2+0)*1!(!"#$"%&4;($/&(5+%0&%(*+012)$&*(-.($/&(-"1#*&%4(+5 (4&$$#&*(!1$1&4()2*($/&(#)$$&%(-.($/&(-"1#*&%4(+5 ( &%%)$1!(!1$1&4>(Z)%&%1(14(!+2D12!12B#.(4"BB&4$12B($/)$(1$(/)4(-&&2(($/&(-+*1#.;(,/.41!)#(,%&4&2!&(+5 (0&2(12()( 4,)!&(2+$(.&$(0),,&*()2*($/&(!/)2B12B(,&%!&,$1+24(%&B14$&%&*(,)4412B($/%+"B/(1$($+(*&$&%012&(($/&(!"#$"%)#(

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

49 | 59

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À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

!"#$%&'$()*+,$"( ]-&,(7.3&<+2%&%"-&(**(!#%-&!(.7%#(2?&.#1-&!.(<&)(%#(2?&$-<-'&"(7'!&($ &<('1&&*-'&<--1&67%&$('&+..?&.-!!&& >>=_&,(2%'(.&+23&)('-&#2$(')+.&!(,#+.&,(2%'(.&#2&*76.#,&!*+,-!?&)('-&%#)-&4<+!%-38&97!%&"+2:#2:&+'(723?& 97!%&<+.1#2:&.#1-&(7'&07!%'+.#+2&+2,-!%('!?&('&.#1-&%"-&2()+3#!)&($ &47'6+2&6-37#2!8&3-!,'#6-3&65&O#1-&`+;#!& RU OLNH DUWLVWV IURP 'DGD WR 6LWXDWLRQLVWV PRYHPHQWV HYHQ PRUH SROLWLFDO FRQÁLFWV OLYHG LQ WKH VWUHHW OLNH a,,7*5&]+..&L%'--%/ ="-'-&+'-&!()-&-C+)*.-!&N83&.#1-&%(&*'-!-2%&+%&%"-&,.(!-&($ &)5&+'%#,.-/&a2-&#!&+6(7%&'-!*(2!-!&%(&%"-&2-T :.-,%-3&'#:"%&%(&%'7.5&$'--&&+23&-V7+.&!*+,-&<"#,"&"+!&6--2&-C*-'#)-2%-3&&#2&O+2"+%%+2/ N%&#!&,+..-3&4N&LWW8&?&&%"-&3'+$%&*'-*+'-3&65&%"-&N2!%#%7%-&$('&0**.#-3&07%(2()5&?&<"(!-&*7'*(!-&#!&%(&,(2%'+!%& 7'6+2&*76.#,&&*(.#,#-!&6+!-3&(2&$-+'&($ &&*(*7.+%#(2!&3--)-3&723-!#'+6.-/&0&!($%<+'-&,+'%(:'+*"5&&<+!&)+3-& +;+#.+6.-&%(&:#;-&7!-'!&+&'(7%-?&%"-&.-!!&-C*(!-3&%(&>>=_&,(2%'(.&/&b7%&%"-&)('-&#)*('%+2%&+!*-,%&($ &#%&#!& %"+%X&Yb5&%'5#2:&5(7'&6-!%&%(&+;(#3&>>=_?&5(7&-23&7*&3'+<#2:&!#27(7!&#%#2-'+'#-!&&,(''-!*(23#2:&%(&.#2-!&($ & '-37,-3&!7';-#..+2,-/&c(7&+.!(&+;(#3&%"-&*'#2,#*.-!&($ &&:((3&%#)-&+23&!*+,-&)+2+:-)-2%&/&N2&+&<('3?&5(7& %+1-&5(7'&%#)-&67%&3(&2(%&<+!%-&!*--3?&%(&1--*&+<+5&$'()&%"-&376#(7!&;#'%7-!&($ &!.(<2-!!Z&@[76#2#?&FG\FI& */\S\A/ )ODVKPREV DUH DQRWKHU H[DPSOH RI ERGLHV LQ DFWLRQ WKDW , ÀQG RI JUHDW LQWHUHVW 7KH\ DUH ODUJH JURXS RI SHT RSOH JDWKHULQJ LQ SXEOLF VSDFHV SUHYLRXVO\ FKRVHQ ZKHUH D SHUIRUPDQFH WDNHV EULHÁ\ DFWLRQ DQG WKHQ TXLFNO\ 3#!*-'!-/&0!&+&!(,#+.&*"-2()-2(2&<"#,"&!%+'%-3&#2&%"-&\deG8!&#%&#!&($ &:'-+%&,())72#,+%#;-&#)*+,%&+23&#%&#!& FRQÀUPLQJ WKH LUUHSODFHDEOH SRZHU RI ERGLHV LQ FRPSDULVRQ WR YLUWXDO FRPPXQLFDWLRQ

50 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

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j GL %DWPDQ %DPELQL FRQĂ LWWL VLFXUH]]D XUEDQD)&4*""$#,&4*+,%56,7+,)&3*+,%*( '*+%,&-()&./0;;2&/D UHFOXVLRQH GHOOÂˇLQIDQ]LD)&,%&TM$&E*U,7#V&B75",&,%B,Q,B8,W)&F0)&;X Y+$=EU,&!()&./00S2&E3",(%.*#,(-#/"%/(%(B&C1FG#H''(%+"I*&.*#'3-#J&-;-&%()&-,%$8B,)&3*+,%*X& Z$DB%&'()&37=7"&K(&.7BE2)&./00H2&@(5$&%"%9#3%4".#'$"/('1#8&./($)'#<&%#)0(#3'(#&< #/*)9#'$"/(')&4$E7")&4,+N6$8E7+X Z,""=$%&:()[(&!B$=E)&\6,#7"755&[()&.;GG02&Â´2QH IDOVH 0RYH Âľ$ VWXG\ RI FKLOGUHQÂˇV LQGHSHQGHQW PRELOLW\)&M*%B*%)& CP]&C8A",E6,%5X Z,""=$%&[()&./00/2&!"#$&-*)*/"#,(--"#4(--(II")&47+5$=*)&:*+7##,^_,#$",X Z,""=$%&[()&./00F2&/ÂˇDQLPD GHL OXRJKL &RQYHUVD]LRQH FRQ &DUOR 7UXSSL)&:,"$%*)&K,``*",X O**"6$$E&K()&./00H2&K3.;'$"/()&:$U7+$#$)&R8*B",A7#X M$&@7U"$&'()&./0012&D(%,(%'*)&4$+,)&M$#7+`$X \,"N,%E*%&K)&C,UN7##&O()&./0;02&@0(#:$*%*)#!(+(-L#>09#7M3"-*)9#*'#N())(%#<&%#7+(%9&.()&M*%B*%)&C7%58,%&4**NEX K8A,%,&@()&./0;/2&!"#+*--(#5&4*-()&P$,%#&L-#,7%%7)&-B,#,*%&@,#9&B8&B7E,5%(

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

51 | 59

?@,&$,/-.,9('1&1'$()*'+, I#>>+-(J2%3+==+(K-&#$#>-

!-"2>+E$2E-(F2(I2"#$-4(L2#= +(&#2"M(&#>>+-.-&#$#>-N>23E#"2'2>(8(&#>>+-'.-&#$#>-N&#2"'=-"2&2'2> )+"(MO;D(P(;;;569Q:9D( R#S(MO;D(P(95T:UV:Q6

'XULQJ D UHVHDUFK ÀHOG WULS LQ 0LODQ VXEXUEV LW LV ZDV SRVVLEOH WR À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ÁXHQFHV DQG WR LVRODWH RWKHU JURXSV SHUFHLYHG DV EDUEDULDQV 2$(#(.+727#"(-/ (&+F2+7#"(G*+>>-3(3-(>*#>(=*X32E(Y1->*(#E>27+(#$F(=#3327+Z(3+G.+G#>2-$(=.+"%F+3(>-($+<(3=#>2#"(/.#G&+$>+F( >+S>%.+3(-/ (>*+(3%1%.1#$(3E+$+.X'

!"#$%&'(#)*##&$)#++%),+%#!"#$%&'()*+,-#$(. $*"#$%,/0#*1##,$*#))%*()%#2$%,$,(1+3+42$5+,32-+'#$+,3$'5+,,%,6$%2$1%3#54$1#55$+--#'*#3$ 78%#9#)*2:$;<<=>$?)%@*#)2$A$BC%&*#5%@D$E5+,0C)#+C:$;<<F>$G%6+,H:$;<<IJK :H FDQ EULHÁ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ÀFH EXLOGLQJV LP/ '()*+,*$'C05%-$2#)9%-#2:$O*)+2"$2'+-#2P$+,3$2'+*%+5$)#2%3C#2$(. $+55$*"#2#$2#**5#&#,*2K !"%2$-(&'5#M$')(-#22$1+2$#9%3#,*$2%,-#$*"#$2#9#,*%#2$1"#,$*"#2#$*#))%*()%#2$1#)#$*"#$'5+-#2$(. $*"#$6)(1*"$ DQG QRZ LQ D SHULRG RI HFRQRPLF FULVLV WKH\ FDQ VWLOO EH WKH SODFHV RI WKH UHGHÀQLWLRQ RI WKH FRQWHPSRUDU\ 3#9#5('&#,*K$E)#-%(C2$)#2(C)-#2$2C-"$+2$.)##$2'+-#2:$#,9%)(,&#,*+5$LC+5%*%#2:$+--#22%0%5%*4$*($*"#$&+%,$-%*4:$ +6)%-C5*C)+5$#2*+*#2$-+,$+**)+-*$9+)%(C2$#-(,(&%-:$2(-%+5$+,3$-C5*C)+5$'"#,(&#,+K QC*$*"#)#$%2$+52($+,(*"#)$D#4$'(%,*$*"+*$&C2*$0#$#9+5C+*#3$+,+54R%,6$*"#$,#1$+,3$(53$+)#+2$%,$*"#2#$5+,32K$ S%..#)#,*$')(-#22#2$+,3$3%..#)#,*$'5+4#)2$+)#$2#5. $%,*#)2#-*%,6$(,$*"#$2'+-#$+,3$*"#4$%,9(59#$*"#$'('C5+*%(,2$ +,3$*"#$')+-*%-#2$*"+*$-+,$0#$.(C,3$%,$*"%2$-(,*#M*$7E+2LC%:$;<<TJK$ !"#$5+-D$(. $R(,%,6$)#6C5+*%(,2$+)(C,3$5+)6#$+,3$&+*C)#$-%*%#2$2C-"$+2$U%5+,$3C#$*($*"#$2'5%*$(. $6(9#),&#,*$ SROLF\ DPRQJ GLIIHUHQW SROLWLFDO WRZQVKLSV VHHPV LQ IDFW WR EH ÀWWLQJ WR D QHZ GLPHQVLRQ RI WKH FLWL]HQVKLS 1"%-"$%2$*"#$2#+)-"$(. $2+.#*4:$2#-C)%*4$+,3$%3#,*%*4K

!"#$+#./#-)$,0 $-10#)2$1&3$-#4/+%)2 V46&C,*$Q+C&+,$7Q+C&+,,:$;<<WJ$-5+%&2$*"+*$1%*"$*"#$#,3$(. $*"#$XX$-#,*C)4$*"#$65(0+5%R+*%(,$')(-#22$ "+2$ *)+,2.()&#3$ *"#$ -%*4$ %,*($ *"#$ '5+-#$ (. $ %,2#-C)%*4$ +,3$ 6#,#)+5$ 3#-+4K$ Q+C&+,,$ )#'()*2$ *"#$ #&#)6%,6$ ,#-#22%*4$(. $'#('5#$*($*+D#$-+)#$+0(C*$*"#&2#59#2$+,3$*($3($(,$*"#%)$(1,$+2$+,$%,3%9%3C+5$3C*4$&()#$*"+,$ DV D VSHFLÀ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ÀJKW IRU VXUYLYDO %DXPDQQ VSHDNV DERXW WKH -(,*)+2*$0#*1##,$*"#$O&%M('"(0%+P$7*"#$.#+)$+,3$*"#$)#.C2+5$(. $*"#$3%..#)#,-#$%,$2(-%+5$5%.#J$+,3$*"#$O&%M(/ '"5%+P$7*"#$%,*#)#2*$+,3$+**)+-*%(,$.()$3%..#)#,*$'#('5#J$*"+*$-+,$0(*"$#M%2*$,(*$(,54$%,$*"#$2+&#$'('C5+*%(,$ 0C*$%,$*"#$2+&#$'#)2(,$*((K$8C-"$+$*#,3#,-4$-+,$1()D$+*$3%..#)#,*$5#9#52$+,41+4$+,3$(,#$(. $*"#&$%2$*"#$5#9#5$ (. $')(M%&%*4$1"%-"$%2$@C2*$*"#$0(34$5#9#5K

!"#$+#0/-15$,0 $(,32$6+,7%8%)2 Z$.()&$(. $*"#$2($-+55#3$O&%M('"(0%+P$-+,$0#$*"#)#.()#$-5#+)54$.(C,3$%,$*"#$2#,2#$(. $.#+)$.()$*"#$-(,*+-*$ 1%*"$.()#%6,$'#('5#$+,3$%,$*"#$C,#+2%,#22$.()$*"#$(9#)5+''%,6$(. $')+-*%-#$+,3$*"#$C2#$(. $*"#$*#))%*()4K$Y+)3%+$ .(C,3$*"+*$*"#$)#LC#2*$(. $2+.#*4$-+,$0#$2'5%*$%,*($2#9#)+5$5#9#52$(. $%,*(5#)+,-#$7Y+)3%+:$;<<WJK$Z*$*"#$9#)4$ ÀUVW OHYHO ZH FDQ ÀQG WKH IHDU RI EHLQJ YLFWLP RI LQWLPLGDWLRQ RU WKUHDW YLROHQFH DVVDXOW 7KLV LV D OHYHO WKDW +..#-*2$3%)#-*54$*"#$'"42%-$'#)2(,$+,3$*"#$0(34$(. $*"#$-%*%R#,K$[*$%2$@C2*$*")(C6"$*"%2$'(%,*$(. $9%#1$*"+*$%*$%2$ SRVVLEOH WR PRQLWRU WKH SUHVHQFH DQG WKH FRQÁLFW EHWZHHQ WKH ORFDO SRSXODWLRQ DQG WKH QHZ LPPLJUDQW LQ ,(1+3+42$C)0+,$+,3$2C0C)0+,$2-#,#K 7KH FRQÁLFW DQG WKH VHQVH RI IHDU LV FOHDUO\ WHVWLÀHG E\ WKH QXPHURXV HYLGHQFHV RI SROLWLFDO VXSSRUW WKDW )%6"*%2*$'+)*%#2$+,3$'(5%*%-+5$&(9#&#,*2$+)#$3#9(*%,6$*($'('C5+)$)%(*2$+6+%,2*$,#1$%&&%6)+,*$%,$&+,4$'5+-#2$ (. $*"#$[*+5%+,$'+,()+&+$7\+&&+)0#)6:$;<IIJK$ !"#$#..#-*$(. $.#+)$%2$+,41+4$*"#$+**#&'*$*($')(9%3#$*"#$()%6%,+5$-(&&C,%*4$1%*"$+$2#'+)+*#3$#,9%)(,&#,*$

54 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

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ÀUVW HOHPHQW &.$,!!)/#,?-)$&'$%"*$-)8,-$.3.#)+$?"#$#()$.)!%'0$%')$&.$%?1&%".-3$&+/*,!#&!,?-)9$G)1)*,-$!,.).$5&#($+%*)$%*$ -)..$8,#)0$2),#"*).$!,'$?)$2%"'0$&'$#()$&';?)#5))'$#)**&#%*&).$,*%"'0$H&-,'7$G,'$E)-&!)$,'0$H,-,./&',$I",*#)*$ &'$G)8*,#)4$H&-,'%$J9$H&-,'%$K$)#!L=E&8"*)$M>

!"#$%&'($N$G,'$E)-&!)$I",*#)*$,*%"'0$H&-,'

:"#$5(,#$&.$&+/%*#,'#$#%$'%#&!)$&.$#()$*)I").#$%2 $.)-2;)O!-".&%'$2*%+$#()$."**%"'0&'8$#(,#$&'1%-1).$.)*1&!).4$ ./,!)$,'0$+%.#$%2 $,--$*)-,#&%'.(&/.$,'0$/(3.&!,-$!%'#,!#9$P'$#()$%#()*$.&0)$')5$&++&8*,'#$?"#$)./)!&,--3$#()$ B%+$/)%/-)$,*)$!%'.&0)*)0$,.$"';&'#)8*,?-)$&'$%"*$.%!&)#39$<()$/*%!)..$%2 $)O/"-.&%'$2*%+$#()$!)'#*)$%2 $#()$

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

55 | 59

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

!"#$%&'()*+ I3(%!,/>,/2)%."-(+&",+%,6 %#3(%/(60&2)%,6 %#3(%6,/("A+(/%"+#(+.(.%2&%2%#3/(2#%32&%(-(/A(.%@(/$%!)(2/)$%"+% &0!3%2%!,+#(F#<%J!!,/."+A%'"#3%@,)0+#((/&%',/*"+A%'"#3%5,-%>(,>)(%"+%6,/-2)%,/%"+6,/-2)%4&32+#$#,'+;% &(##)(-(+#&%2%A/(2#%>/,1)(-%"&%/(>/(&(+#(.%1$%3(2)#3%!,+."#",+%,6 %1,#3%2.0)#&%2+.%!3")./(+<%I3(%/2+A(%,6 % PRUELGLW\ DQG PRUWDOLW\ LG GHÃ&#x20AC;QLWHO\ KLJKHU WKDQ FRPPRQ SRSXODWLRQ ,Q PDQ\ IDPLOLHV D VLFN SHUVRQ LV SUHVHQW DQG RQH RI WKH PDLQ WHUULWRULDO VHUYLFH UHTXLUHG E\ WKH 5RP SHRSOH LV MXVW WKH Ã&#x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Ã&#x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Ã&#x20AC;FXOW WR LJQRUH WKH UHDFWLRQ LV WKH UHPRYDO I3(%-(."2%&,%/(>,/#%6/(E0(+#)$%#3(%+('&%,6 %>(/",."!%(@2!02#",+&%,6 %&)0-&%2/,0+.%#3(%-2"+%!"#$%,6 %R")2+<% =0#%2!#02))$7%2!!,/."+A%#,%#3(%@,)0+#((/&%#32#%2&&"&#%5,-%>(,>)(7%#3(/(%"&%+,#%2%),#%,6 %A/,0>&%&(##)(.%&0//,0+?

56 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#$%&'(%)"&"(*+%,&%"*%"#%-.)&%.//%&'(%&"0(*%&'(%*.0(%/"&&/(%$1234%2- %4(24/(%5'2%"*%(6.)3.&(!%-120%.%).04%&2% DQRWKHU RQH LQ GLIIHUHQW PRPHQWV 6R ZH FDQ VD\ WKHUH LV D VRUW RI VWUDQJH SHULRGLF PLJUDWLRQ RI XQLGHQWLÀHG 72!"(*8%-.0"/"(*8%9"!*8%520(#%.#!%0(#%5"&'%#2%#.0(*%4/.:"#$%&'(%12/(%2- %5.#!(1(1*%.123#!%&'(%)"&:%;3*&%"#% 21!(1%&2%&(*&"-:%&'(%.)&"2#%2- %437/")%425(1+ <'(%=20%).04%72&'%/($./%21%"//($./%"*%.#:5.:%&'(%&24%4127/(0%"#%&'"*%412)(**%2- %*($1($.&"2#+%<'(%'"!!(#% *(&&/(0(#&%1(026(!%.5.:%-120%&'(%)"&:%"*%6(1:%)20-21&.7/(%-21%&'(%)"&">(#*'"4+%<2%*($1($.&(%=20%4(24/(%"#% D OLPLWHG VSDFH VDWLVÀHV WKH DQ[LHWLHV RI VRFLHW\ 7R KLGH WKH SK\VLFDO ERGLHV EHKLQG D JDWH PHDQV WKDW HYHU\ *2)"./8%':$"(#")8%4127/(0%"*%"#6"*"7/(?%.//%&'(%3#!(*"1.7/(%4(24/(%*&.:%&'(1(%.#!%&'(1(%(6(1:&'"#$%).#%'.44(#% 4126"!(!%"&%!2(*%#2&%"#6.!(%&'(%1(*&%2- %&'(%)"6"/%/"-(%&(11"&21:+

!"#$%&'(%@%=20%).04%2- %6".%<1"72#".#2%"#%A"/.#

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ÀUVW DLG *&.&"2#%&'(%=20%4(24/(%/229*%-21%.%*()2#!%7.*")%&(11"&21"./%-(.&31(%5'")'%"*%;3*&%&'(%*)'22/+%<'"*%"*%.%D3"&(% /2#$%&"0(%412)(**%41(6"23*/:%!3(%&2%/($./%"**3(+%A.#:%-.0"/"(*%"#%-.)&%3*(!%&2%*(#!%&'("1%*2#*%&2%*)'22/%;3*&% "#%21!(1%&2%'.6(%.#%(.*"(1%5.:%&2%27&."#%&'(%,&./".#%$1((#%).1!%EF4(10(**2%!"%*2$$"21#2GH+%I*%&"0(%5(#&%7:%

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

57 | 59

!"!#$%&'$()'*+*!,$-!)+*.!/$01)0$)$2&&/$!/34)0*&#$+!"!+$4&3+/$1!+5$6&3#2$2!#!-)0*&#$0&$)44!50$01!$41)++!#2!$ &( $)$4&#0!'5&-)-6$0!41#&+&2*4$7&-+/8$90$*,$3,!(3+$1!-!$0&$-!5&-0$01)0$01!$0-)/*0*&#)+$:&;,$&( $%&'$5!&5+!$2&0$ *#0&$4-*,*,$,*#4!$01!$,!"!#0*!,$),$+&#2$),$'&/!-#$!4&#&'6$,0)-0!/$-!:!40*#2$&;,&+!0!$+*(!,06+!,$<=3&'&>$?@@AB8$ C$2&&/$!/34)0*&#$,0)-0,$0&$;!$4&#,*/!-!/$),$)#$!,,!#0*)+$0&&+$(&-$,3-"*"*#2$*#$7!,0!-#$4*"*+*.)0*&#8$ D41&&+$<!,5!4*)++6$4&'53+,&-6$!/34)0*&#B$*,$,0*++$,&$)$2&&/$*#/*4)0&-$&( $,&4*)+$)#/$0!--*0&-*)+$51!#&'!#)8$ E&,0$&( $90)+*)#$()'*+*!,$,!#/$01!*-$,&#,$0&$53;+*4$,41&&+$)#/$,41&&+$*,$&#!$&( $01!$0!--*0&-*)+$,!-"*4!,$71*41$ *,$!F3)++6$7*/!,5-!)/$)++$&"!-$01!$4&3#0-6$7*01$)$F3*0!$2&&/$+!"!+$,!-"*4!8$ C$#&0*4!);+!$4),!$,03/6$7),$);&30$01!$5-*')-6$,41&&+$&( $%3;)00*#&$F3)-0!-8$9#$01*,$,*03)0*&#$,&'!$"&+3#G 0!!-,$&( $H)/-*$D&'),41*$)#/$=&''3#*0I$/*$D8$J2*/*&$:&*#!/$01!*-$!((&-0$0&$;-*#2$%&'$41*+/-!#$0&$,41&&+8$ $W WKH YHU\ À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À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

!"#$%$&'()'&'*"+,'-%# C++$01!,!$!+!'!#0,$4&3+/$/-*"!$0&$01*#K$01)0$,&4*)+$,!2-!2)0*&#$*,$/!!5+6$-&&0!/$*#$&3-$,&4*!06$)0$01!$0*'!$&( $ 01!$4-*,*,$,&$01)0$)$#!&G(!3/)+$+)#/,4)5!$&( $,!2-!2)0*&#$)'&#2$4+),,!,$<7*01$)-*,0&4-)46$4+&,!/$*#$*0,$4),0+!,$ 1)"*#2$#&$-!+)0*&#,1*5$7*01$,!-(/&'$)#/$!"!#$+!,,$7*01$2*5,*!,$&30$&( $4),0!$*#$01!*-$4)'5B$4)#$#&0$;!$41)#G 2!/8$Q30$01!-!$)-!$*#0!-!,0*#2$!"*/!#4!,$01)0$:3,0$)$;&/6$-!+)0*&#$4)#$;-!)K$01*,$,&4*)+$,0*((#!,,$358$R3,0$*#$ WKH ÀUVW GD\V RI VFKRRO WKH FORVHQHVV RI ,WDOLDQ DQG 5RP NLGV FRXOG GHPROLVK WKH PXWXDO PLVWUXVW DQG WKLV 41)#2*#2$,0)-0!/$0&$5&3-$*#0&$01!$()'*+*!,8$S*-,0$01!$!6!$4&#0)40$&30,*/!$01!$,41&&+$;3*+/*#2$)'&#2$5)-!#0,$ WKHQ WKH À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À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

58 | 59

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

!"#"$"%&"' !"#$%&'()*+*,-&.'/01123'!"#"$%&'"#()*#&!"#"$%+&,-&.-#$/0/$#1#")-&)2 &#($&3'"%4($-%#15#.'4*5'6#,7.'(8##9'8,*&&: ;,)<-*,&'='>?)$-*@)<7'A@%9B?,*%?.'/011C3'6*%%$-71-58&9$#($/71-5%.'>?)$-*@)<7'A@%9B?,*%?: D)E%9F.'/011G3'7HUULWRUL GHOOD QXRYD PRGHUQLWj.'!*,,)-#,)*&'#H '%'4*5'I#J*,9)-K.'4%8#@).'L@*M-%: N%B,)@*'A%&O?).'/011P3'&LWWj 3RSROD]LRQL SROLWLFKH.'I)@%9#.'Q%M%'R##7: SKE$?9-'R%,$%9.'/011T3')LGXFLD H SDXUD QHOOD FLWWj.'I)@%9#.'I#9J%J#,): >#B*,-'U%&-*@.'/01GG3'/Â·LQVLFXUH]]D VRFLDOH.'!#,)9#.'A)MM#@%'B)B@)#-*M%'L)9%?J): U@%,%'U%,J)%.'/011T3':/;1-"%#"41&0$/&71&%"4*/$<<1.'V9'W!*,,)-#,)#X'9Y20 Z%$$%,B*,E.'/01GG3'.#17"1-&);%$/=1#")-%&)-&#($&/$0)/#&;>&#($&4)??"%%")-$/&2)/&(*?1-&/"@(#%&)2 &#($&4)*-4"7&)2 &$*/)0$.' >#$*.'[L: >%HH*&-)9.'/G\PG3'3RXU XQH JpRJUDSKLH GX SRXYRLU.'A%,)&.'J*&'])B,%),*&'!*M"9)O?*&: ^%@']%E#.'/G\\\3'9)-A0$/%)-$.'I)@%9#.';*@-,)9*@@): !#&)'_:.'/011`3'9LYHUH DL PDUJLQL XQÂ·LQGDJLQH VXJOL LQVHGLDPHQWL URP H VLQWL LQ /RPEDUGLD.'a&&*,+%-#,)#',*E)#9%@*'8*,' @b)9-*E,%c)#9*'*'@%'$?@-)*-9)M)-d.'H#9J%c)#9*'V(I[ U?#$#'U:.'/G\\`3'B1&4)?$&21--)&1&="=$/$&C*$%#"&3"-@1/".')9'a8*,%'4#$%J)'J)'I)@%9#.'N@)'S)9E%,).'V@'U%@*9J%,)#' J*@'8#8#@#'T0:

Planum. The Journal of Urbanism | Conference Proceedings

59 | 59

Atti della XV Conferenza Nazionale SIU SocietĂ Italiana degli Urbanisti Pescara, 10-11 maggio 2012

Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Urbanistica che cambia. Rischi e valori

by Planum. The Journal of Urbanism ISSN 1723-0993 | n. 27, vol. 2/2013