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ALFAIDRO TECHNICAL CATALOGUE

plastica alfa

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

INDEX INDEX 1 RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

5

1.1

Material specifications

5

1.2

Resistance to chemicals and other media

7

2 System characteristics

12

2.1

Fields of employment

12

2.2

Advantages

12

2.3

Alfaidro characteristics

12

3 Quality control

14

3.1

Production control plan

14

3.2

Certificate of Quality Management System

15

3.3

Certificate of Environmental Management System

15

4 Reference standards and laws

17

5 Design and installation

18

5.1

5.2

5.3

Operating conditions

18

5.1.1 Calculation of the operating pressure

18

5.1.2 Calculation of the system service life

20

Dimensioning of hot and cold water piping systems and flow rate

20

5.2.1 Maximum simultaneous flow

20

5.2.2 Calculus of the pipes diameter

23

Pressure losses

25

5.3.1 Distributed pressure losses

25

5.3.2 Localised pressure losses

40

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5.4

Thermal expansion

42

5.4.1

Fixed and sliding points

43

5.4.2

Compensating structures in free installations

44

5.4.3

Compensating structures in chase pipes installations

46

5.5

Insulation and condensate

47

5.6

Jointing methods

48

5.6.1

Jointing by welding

48

5.6.2

Jointing by threaded fittings

55

5.6.3

Jointing by flanges

55

5.6.4

Jointing by ALFARAPID system

55

5.7

Testing of the system

55

5.7.1

Cold hydraulic test

55

5.7.2

Heat hydraulic test

55

5.7.3

Water circulation and hot water insulation test to null distribution

56

5.7.4

Cold water supply test

56

5.7.5

Hot water supply test

56

5.7.6

Hot water supply capacity test

56

5.7.7

Soundproofing test

56

5.7.8

Declaration of conformity

57

5.8

Instructions and warnings

57

5.9

Laying examples

58

6 System components

59

6.1

Sizes and dimensions

59

6.2

Alfaidro pipes and fittings

61

6.3

ALFARAPID System

68

6.4

Tools

69

7 Services and guarantees

70

8 Conversion tables

71

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Plastica Alfa srl - February 2005

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Technical Department

Tests and Checks Laboratory

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS Polypropylene is a semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer obtained by polymerisation of propylene in specific conditions of temperature / pressure and in the presence of a superactive catalysts.

There are three types of polypropylene: - homopolymer polypropylene (PPH), it is obtained by polymerisation of propylene without the addition of comonomers; the result is a high rigidity and a good resistance to high temperatures; - block copolymer polypropylene (PPC), it is obtained by direct polymerisation with macromolecular blocks of different nature or structure; it results in a rigid and continuous phase of homopolymer into which a heterogeneous elastomeric phase, constituted by an ethylene-propylene copolymer, is dispersed; the ethylene gives the resin resistance to impact at low temperatures; - random polypropylene (PPR), it is obtained by the random incorporation of polyethylene and polypropylene comonomers, it derives a highly flexible polymer with a melting temperature lower than the homopolymer resin.

According to the above, it is clear that polypropylene is available in many compositions, many more than the other synthetic materials, so that it is possible to obtain the best specifications according to the use it is intended to. For this reason polypropylene is used nearly in all industrial fields for applications that in the past were intended only to metals.

HOSTALEN PP H5416 is used to manufacture Alfaidro pipes and fittings; it is a random polypropylene with a high molecular weight and sigma 80 that replaced the previous sigma 50. The sigma value represents the allowable stress, in kgf/sq. centimetres, on the pipe and fitting material for a period of 50 years at the temperature of 40 °C (1 kgf/cm2 = 0.1 MPa). In practical terms, the change of 50 PPR with 80 PPR allowed us to manufacture items that, keeping the same thickness, grant higher performances.

The high molecular weight gives Hostalen PP H5416 higher impact resistance and workability, even to temperatures below 0°C and a very good resistance to creep; all that makes it particularly suitable for applications requiring high resistance to temperature and pressure. The outstanding combination of properties which makes PPR a natural choice to manufacture pipes and fittings intended for hot and cold water supply includes: moderate weight, resistance to corrosion and chemicals, low pressure loss, absence of incrustation, good environmental compatibility and preservation of the organoleptic properties of the conveyed liquids. More details are available in the following sections.

1.1. Material specifications Table 1.1 - Physical properties Specifications Density at + 23 °C Melt mass-flow rate (MFR) (190 °C, 5 kg) (230 °C, 5 kg)

Test method ISO 1183

ISO 1133

(230 °C, 2.16 kg)

Value

Units

0.897

g/cm 3

0.55

g/10 min

1.3 0.30

Melt volume - flow rate (MVR) (190 °C, 5 kg) (230 °C, 5 kg)

ISO 1133

(230 °C, 2.16 kg) Mean molecular weight

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0.700

3

cm /10 min

1.750 0.400

Solution viscosimetry

5 · 10

5

-

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Table 1.2 - Mechanical properties Specifications

Test method

Value

Units

Tensile modulus

ISO 527-1, -2

850

MPa

tensile stress at yield

ISO 527-1, -2

24.0

MPa

Tensile strain at yield to 50 mm/min

ISO 527-1, -2

10

%

Tensile Creep Modulus 1h

ISO 899-1

650

MPa

Tensile Creep Modulus 1000h

ISO 899-1

350

MPa

Charpy Unnotched Impact at -30°C at 0°C at + 23 °C

ISO 179

43.0 no break no break

kJ/m

2

Charpy notched impact at -30°C at 0°C at + 23 °C

ISO 179

kJ/m

2

Shore Hardness D Ball Indentation Hardness

2.5 4.00 22.0

ISO 868

65

ISO 2039-1

48.0

N/mm 2

Table 1.3 - Thermal properties

Specifications

Test method

Value

Units

ISO 75-1, -2 ISO 75B-1, -2

49.0 70.0

°C

ISO 306

69.0

°C

Melting Temperature

ISO 3146

147

Thermal conductivity at 20 °C

DIN 52612

0.24

Coefficient of linear thermal expansion

DIN 53752

1.5 · 10

K

Temperature of distortion under load HDT A HDT B Vicat Softening Temperature (B50 (50 °C/h 50 N)) (A50 (50 °C/h 10 N))

Specific head at 20 °C Calorific power

132 °C W/m K -4

Adiabatic calorimeter

-1

2.0

kJ/kg K

8000-11000

kcal/kg

>400

°C

>300

°C

Value

Units

Autoignition temperature Decomposition temperature

Table 1.4 - Electrical properties

6

Specifications

Test method

Volume resistivity Surface resistivity

DIN 53482 DIN VDE 0303, T3

Dielectric constant Loss factor

DIN 53483

Dielectric rigidity

DIN 53481

DIN 53483

> 10

17

> 10 14 2.3 < 5 · 10 -4 500/650

W cm W 10

6

Hz

6

10 Hz kV/cm

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

1.2 Resistance to chemicals and other media HOSTALEN PP H5416 has an exceptionally high resistance to chemicals and other media because of its non-polar structure as high molecular paraffin hydrocarbon. It is resistant to aqueous solutions of salts and non-oxidizing acids, alkalis and many solvents; while aliphatic, aromatic and halogen hydrocarbons, some oils, fats and waxes cause swelling. This phenomenon is of little relevance at temperatures up to 30°C, but it becomes remarkable from 60 °C onwards. Swelling causes a drop in mechanical strength although the material regains its original properties after the evaporation of the liquids causing swelling.

HOSTALEN PP H5416 has limited resistance to strong oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, chlorosulphonic acid, ozone, fuming sulphuric acid, hydrogen peroxide; it is partially permeable to gases, aliphatic, aromatic and halogen hydrocarbons. Therefore contact with water containing chlorine exceeding the law limits (12.5%) has to be avoided.

Internal stresses induced during manufacture and external stresses due to applied load and high temperature may greatly reduce chemical resistance in a given environment. For this reason the values in the following table can only apply to the raw material not subjected to mechanical or thermal stress. In case of simultaneous presence of mechanical stress, like pressure pipe systems, and exposure to chemical agents it is necessary to carry out specific tests, possibly at high temperature.

The results of numerous chemical resistance tests are shown in the following table 1.5. The test specimens were immersed for 60 days in the test substance without mechanical stress and than tested for swelling, weight loss and tensile properties.

Table 1.5 - PP H5416 Resistance to chemicals and other media Substances

Concentration %

Behaviour of HOSTALEN PP H5416 at 20 °C 60 °C 100 °C

A Acetic acid (glacial) Acetic acid, (a) Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetophenone Acrylonitrile Air Alcohol (drinking) Alums (all types) (aq) 2-aminoethanole (ethanolamine) Ammonia, gaseous Ammonia, liquid Ammonium acetate (aq) Ammonium chloride (aq) Ammonium fluoride (aq) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (aq) Ammonium metaphosphate (aq) Ammonium nitrate (aq) Ammonium phosphate (aq) Amyl acetate Aniline Anisole Aqua regia (HCl + HNO3)

100% 70% t.g.

100% t.g. t.g. a t.g.

100% 100% a a s s a a t.g. a 100%

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + / + / -

/D + /D + (b) /

+ -

+ + +

+ + (b)

+ + + / / + + /

+ + +

+ +

/ + +

+ +

+ + + + + + + + + / -

+ +

+ +

B Barium hydroxide (aq) Barium salts (aq) Benzoic acid (aq) Benzoyl chloride Bleaching solution containing 12.5% active chlorine Borax (sodium tetraborate) (aq) Boric acid (aq) Bromic acid

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a a a

s a concentrated

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Substances

Concentration %

Behaviour of HOSTALEN PP H5416 at 20 °C 60 °C 100 °C

B Bromine vapours Bromine vapours Bromine, liquid Butane, gaseous Butane, liquid Butanol (aq) Butinediol n-Butyl alcohol (n-Butanol) Butyl acetate Butyl phthalate (dibutyl phthalate) Butylene glycol

high low 100% 100% 100% a 100% 100% t.g. t.g. t.g.

/ + + + + + / + +

cold saturated cold saturated

+ + + + + / + + + + + / / / / + + + / + /D + + + + + + + + + + +

+

+ /

C Calcium carbonate (aq) Calcium chloride (aq) Calcium hydroxide Calcium hypochlorite, aqueous (susp.)

Calcium nitrate (aq) Camphor oil Carbon disulphide Castor oil Caustic soda solution Chloric acid (aq) Chloric acid (aq) Chloric acid (aq) Chlorine bleaching solution (with 12,5% active chlorine **) Chlorine water Chlorine, aqoueous solution (chlorine water) Chlorine, gaseous, dry Chlorine, gaseous, moist Chlorine, gaseous, moist Chlorine, liquid Chloroacetic acid Chloroacetic acid (mono) (aq) Chloroacetic acid (aq) Chloroform Chlorosulphonic acid Chrome alum (potassium chromic sulphate) (aq) Chromic acid (aq) ** Citric acid, aqueous Coconut oil Copper chloride (aq) Copper nitrate (aq) Copper sulphate (aq) Corn oil Cottonseed oil Cresol Cyclohexane Cyclohexanol Cyclohexanone (anon)

a cold saturated 100% a 1% 10% 20% cold saturated cold saturated 100% 10% 100% 100% a < 85% t.g. t.g. s 50% s s 30% a t.g.

100% 100%

+ + + + +

+ + / / / -

+ +

+ -

-

+ + + /D + +

+

+ + / + /D + /

D Dekahydronaphthalene (Dekalin)® Dextrin (starch gum) (aq) Dextrose Dibutyl phthalate (butyl phthalate) Dichloroacetic acid 1,1-Dichloroethylene (vinylidene chloride) Diethanolamine Diethylen ether Diethylene glycol Diglycolic acid (aq) Diisooctyl phthalate Dimethyl formamide Dimethylamine Dioctylphthalate

8

t.g.

18% t.g. t.g. t.g. t.g.

100% 30% t.g. t.g.

/ + + + + + / + + + + + +

/ + + /

+ + / + /

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

Substances

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Concentration %

Behaviour of HOSTALEN PP H5416 at 20 째C 60 째C 100 째C

E Ethanolamine (2-aminoethanol) Ethyl alcohol Ethyl chloride (chloroethane) Ethyl ether (diethyl ether) Ethylene chloride Ethylene glycol Ethylene oxide, gaseous 2-Ethylhexanol

t.g.

100% t.g. t.g.

100% t.g.

+ + - (b) / / + + +

+

+

+ +

+

+

F Fluorine, gaseous Formaldehyde (aq) Formic acid, aqueous Fructose (fruit sugar), aqueous

up to 40% 10% a

+ + +

a t.g. a up to 70%

/ + + + +

+ /D +

/ + +D + + + + + + + to /

/ / +D +

+ + + + + /

+

G Gasoline (Standard), DIN 51635 Gelatin Glacial acetic acid (100% acetic acid) Glycerin (aq) Glycolic acid (aq)

H Heptane Hexane Hydrochloric acid Hydrofluoric acid, aqueous Hydrofluoric acid, aqueous Hydrogen Hydrogen chloride gas, dry and moist Hydrogen sulphide, aqueous Hydroxylamine sulphate, aqueous Hypochlorous acid

a 40% 40...85%

s 12%

/D

+ +D + + /

I-J Iodine in potassium iodide solution Iodine tincture, DAB 6 Isobutyl alcohol (isobutanol) Isooctane Isopropanol Isopropyl ether

3% iodine c

t.g. t.g.

/ + -

+

L jede

Lactic acid, aqueous Lanolin (wool fat) Linseed oil Lubricating oil

t.g. t.g.

+ + + +

+ / +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + / +

+ + + + +

+

M Magnesium carbonate Magnesium chloride (aq) Magnesium salts (aq) Magnesium sulphate (aq) Malic Acid, aqueous Menthol Mercury Mercury salts Methanol Methyl acetate (acetic acid methyl ester) Methyl alcohol (methanol) Methyl bromide (bromomethane), gaseous Methyl ethyl ketone Methylamine (aq) Methylene chloride** (dichloromethane) Milk

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a a a 50% 100% 100% cold saturated t.g. t.g.

100% t.g. t.g.

32%

+

+ + + + + (b) / (b) +

+

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Substances

Concentration %

Behaviour of HOSTALEN PP H5416 at 20 째C 60 째C 100 째C

N 80/20

Naphta/benzene mixture Nickel chloride Nickel nitrate Nickel sulphate (aq) Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitric acid Nitrobenzene

a 10% 25% 50% 68% 100%

/ + + + + + / +

+ + + + / /

+ + + + +

+ to / / + / +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + /

/ + + / +D +D /

/

-

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + +

O Oils, vegetable and animal Oleic acid Oleum Olive oil Oxalic acid (aq) Oxygen

100% a cold saturated

+

P Parraffin oil Peanut oil Perchloric acid (aq) Petroleum ether Phenol (carbolic acid) Phosphoric acid (aq) Phosphorus oxychloride Picric acid (aq) Potassium borate (aq) Potassium bromate (aq) Potassium bromide (aq) Potassium carbonate (potash) (aq) Potassium chlorate Potassium chloride Potassium chromate (aq) Potassium cyanide (aq) Potassium fluoride (aq) Potassium hydrogen carbonate (aq) Potassium hydroxide Potassium iodide Potassium nitrate Potassium perchlorate (aq) Potassium permanganate Potassium persulphate Potassium sulphate Propane, gaseous Propionic acid, aqueous Pyridine

t.g.

20%

80 ... 95% 100% 1% 1% up to 10% a cold saturated a a 40% a a s a a a 1% cold saturated a a t.g. a 100%

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +

/

+D

+ + + + +

+ + + + /

R Raw gasoline

S Salt water Sea water Silver nitrate (aq) Soda (sodium carbonate) (aq) Sodium acetate (aq) Sodium benzoate (aq) Sodium carbonate (aq) Sodium chlorate (aq) Sodium chloride (aq) Sodium hydrogen sulphate (aq) Sodium hydrogen sulphite (aq) Sodium hydroxide (aq) Sodium hydroxide, solid

10

a a a a 36% a s a s s a 100%

+ + + + + + +

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

1. RAW MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS

Concentration %

Substances

Behaviour of HOSTALEN PP H5416 at 20 °C 60 °C 100 °C

S Sodium hypochlorite, aqueous Sodium nitrate (aq) Sodium perborate (aq) Sodium silicate (aq) Sodium sulphate (aq) Sodium sulphide (aq) Sodium sulphite (aq) Sodium thiosulphate (aq) Standard grade petrol Sucinic acid (aq) Sulphates, aqueous solutions Sulphuric acid Sulphuric acid (aq) Sulphuric acid (aq) Sulphuric acid (aq) Sulphuric acid (aq) Sulphuric acid (aq) Sulphurous acid

/ + + + + + + + / + + / + + + + + +

/ + + + + + + + + + + / / / + +

cold saturated 100% t.g.

50%

+ / / + +

+ + +D

cold saturated

+

+

+ +

+

100%

/

-

a a

+ +

+ +

(with 12,5% active chlorine)

a a a cold saturated s 40% s cold saturated a 98% 10% 70% 80% 85% up to 50%

+ + +

+

T Tataric acid (aq) Thiophene Toluene Trichloroacetic acid (aq) Triethanolamine

U Urea (aq)

W Whisky Wine

X Xylene

Z Zinc chloride (aq) Zinc sulphate (aq)

+

SIMBOLOGY +

=

Resistant:

swelling < 3 %, weight loss < 0.5 %, elongation at break not altered

/

=

Limited resistance:

swelling 3-8 %, weight loss 0.5-5 %, elongation at break reduced less than 50 %

–

=

Not resistant:

swelling > 8%, weight loss > 5 %, elongation at break reduced more than 50 %

D

=

Discloration possible

a

=

any percentages

s = saturated

aq = aqueous

t.g. = technical grade

(b) =

measured value at boiling point of test substance

** =

does not apply to welded joints (included joints produced by thermal bending)

1) =

resistance is dependent on composition

c = as commercial

Complete tables of resistance are available upon request and at our web page http:\\www.plasticalfa.com\tabresacid.asp;

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

2. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

2. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 2.1 Fields of employment Alfaidro finds great exploitation in some specific applications: - hot and cold water supply in civil and public building; - industrial systems for the supply of calcareous water, oils, highly corrosive liquids and food liquids (see table 1.5: “Resistance to chemicals and other media); - underfloor heating systems, thanks to PPR high flexibility and the possibility of covering the system with cement; - radiator systems, where it is necessary to estimate the thermal expansion; - compressed air systems; - means of transport (ships, planes, caravans, etc.), where chemical resistance to brackish water, lightness and capacity of absorption of means in motion vibrations are of fundamental importance.

2.2 Advantages Alfaidro pipes and fittings offer many advantages and are an optimal choice for hot and cold water piping systems. We mention some of them: - a complete range allowing to carry out the installation without any problem and with maximum quality; - the threaded fittings grant watertight assembly by metallic elements; - thanks to its chemical and thermal resistance, Alfaidro is the best solution to avoid corrosion and leakage that many times involve the breaking of the wall or floor to repair the damage, increasing the costs considerably ; - the characteristic PPR soundproofing stops the irritating noise due to water flow; - it can be installed very quickly thanks to a simple and safe jointing technique: fusion welding; - the new range of fittings ALFARAPID allows a quick installation on grooved systems; - it grants a long service life, an optimum balance of rigidity and impact resistance, high resistance to creep, etc.

2.3 Alfaidro characteristics a) Workability: the low PPR density makes the pipes and fittings extremely light and than easy to handle; moreover the great easiness of cutting and jointing, due respectively to low tensile modulus and melting temperature, facilitates assembling and welding. Finally the installation time is reduced compared to a traditional installation thanks to the complete product range. Moreover the new ALFARAPID SYSTEM grants alignment ease, joining of pipes of different materials and easy maintenance. b) Low pressure loss: the melting temperature and flow rate values denote great material workability that, together with a forefront production technology, allows to obtain pipes and fittings with very low surface roughness, consequently reducing the pressure loss (see tables at Part 5.3.1 “Diagram of pressure loss”). Moreover PPR is chemically inert towards salts dissolved in water avoiding the risk of incrustations causing obstructions in metallic pipes. c) High resistance to creep: the tensile modulus and elongation at break values make Alfaidro products resistant to cracking under stressing at high temperature (see figure 5.1 “ Pressure loss diagram ”). Moreover, because of PPR high elasticity, the pipe enlarges its section in consequence of the volume increase connected to the liquid freezing, preventing from dangerous cracking. Moreover, thanks to

elasticity, PPR products result particularly resistant to over-pressure

produced by “water hammer”. This is the consequence of an instantaneous and quick turning off of a tap that suddenly stops the water flow: the kinetic energy (speed) of the liquid in motion is transformed into potential energy (pressure) that, having repercussions on the pipe walls, might break the pipe.

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

2. SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

d) High impact resistance: the Alfaidro pipes and fittings assure good handling during the laying operations, reducing the bursting risks and the damages due to accidental impacts to a minimum; operating at temperatures below 0 °C reached during transportation and/or storage in the open, the impact resistance value gets lower and more care is necessary. e) Low thermal conductivity: Alfaidro is very resistant to condensation so that, in some cases, it is possible to avoid the pipes insulation (the condensation temperature is shown in table 5.17). The low thermal conductivity reduces the heat loss of the fluid conveyed, the temperature lowering is reduced to a minimum and power saving follows (part 5.5). f) High heat deflection temperature (HDT): Alfaidro has high resistance to distortion under stressing at high temperature, this makes it very suited for hot pressure pipes. g) Resistance to stray currents: because of their high volume and surface resistivity, Alfaidro pipes and fittings are insulators and therefore free from electrochemical corrosion that can occur in metallic installations owing to stray currents.

This phenomenon becomes significant when the installation is located by stray currents high concentration zones, such as around railways and industrial areas. h) High dielectric rigidity: Alfaidro is resistant to electrostatic fields then, in usual conditions, there are no perforations due to flashover. i) Low dielectric constant and loss factor: Alfaidro installations are resistant to electromagnetic interference. l) Resistance to corrosion: PPR pipes and fittings are very resistant to solvents and chemicals and therefore they are suitable for industrial installations; moreover no protection from lime and cement is needed (see table 1.5 â&#x20AC;&#x153;Resistance to chemicals and other mediaâ&#x20AC;?). k) Atoxic and organoleptic properties: the PPR used to manufacture Alfaidro pipes and fittings is absolutely atoxic, incapable of making over tastes and/or odours and it complies with the sanitary prescriptions of the DM no. 174 dated 6 th april 2004 and the applicable national and international standards concerning plastic materials intended for drinking water supply and food contact. l) Soundproofing: thanks to its high soundproofing and low tensile modulus, PPR is able to deaden vibrations and noise usually produced in metallic installations in consequence of water hammer and high flow speed. m) seismic stress absorption: the Alfaidro System can be safely used in seismic areas thanks to its high flexibility.

Moreover the ALFARAPID range grants a good resistance to axial load due to internal or external stresses thanks to the perfect clamping of the feather keys to the pipe grooves.

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

3. QUALITY CONTROL

3. QUALITY CONTROL Plastica Alfa main aim is to provide high quality products so as to satisfy the customers needs. In order to do that, Plastica Alfa products are subjected to a strict program of tests and checks verifying the quality during all production phases: since the raw material arrival to the finished products.

The tests are carried out according to precise procedures developed inside the company making reference to the current technical standard, in order to get accurate and reproducible data. Plastica Alfa has a laboratory provided with advanced equipment and skilled staff where the raw materials and the products are tested for mechanical, thermal and physical characteristics.

3.1

Resiliometer

Melt-flow indexer

Differential scanning calorimeter

Pressurization system

Microscope

Dynamometer

Production control plan

The granulated raw material is accepted only if accompanied by the certificate of analysis stating the melt flow index value: if it conforms to the requirements stated at the time of the order, the lot is accepted and a sample is tested (MFI) in the laboratory according to the standard UNI EN ISO 1133.

Alfaidro pipes and fittings are manufactured and tested according to the draft standard prEN ISO 15874-2/3 and the standard DIN 16962.

The products and process quality controls are carried out during the production by expressly trained personnel and in the laboratory as well.

The following table resumes the tests and controls scheduled in the control plan for pipes and fittings.

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

3. QUALITY CONTROL

Table 3.1 - Production control plan for Alfaidro pipes and fittings Verified characteristics Appearance, dimension and marking

Reference standards UNI EN ISO 15874-2/3, DIN 8077 - DIN 16962

Internal pressure resistance 1 h, 20 째C, 16 MPa 22 h, 95째C, 4.2 Mpa 1000 h, 95째C, 3.5 MPa

UNI EN 921

Longitudinal reversion

UNI EN 743

Thermal stability 8760 h, 110 째C, 1.9 Mpa

UNI EN 921

Impact resistance

ISO 9854-1/2

Homogeneity

SKZ HR 3.10 3.2.6

Atoxicity

DM no 174 dated 6th april 2004

Determination of melt flow index

UNI EN ISO 1133

The test results are recorded in certificates that, upon request, will follow the goods in order to prove the product compliance with the specified requirements and the effective application of the quality system.

Only the batches passing the quality controls are sent to the packaging dept..

All the measurement equipment and tools are calibrated using standard samples, calibrated by qualified centres (SIT centres, National Calibration Centre).

3.2 Certificate of Quality Management System Plastica Alfa has implemented and maintains a Quality Management System which fulfils the requirements of the standard UNI EN ISO 9001-2000, it is guaranteed by certificate No 303 issued by CISQ/Istituto Italiano dei Plastici and recognised in Europe by IQ-NET. The seal of quality assures the customers and the company itself of the reliability of products and the whole Quality Management System of the company.

3.3 Certificate of Environmental Management System The safeguard of the environment is a question of primary importance to Plastica Alfa that has implemented an Environmental Management System fulfilling the requirements of the standard UNI EN ISO 14001 proved by certificate No. 022 issued by CISQ-SGA/Istituto Italiano dei Plastici.

It has to be pointed out that PPR has a very low environmental impact and the processes used to manufacture and transform it are considered among the cleanest in the industrial field. At the end of its available life, PPR is an inert product and it is suitable for many ways of disposal, recycling included.

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3. QUALITY CONTROL

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

UNI EN ISO 9001-2000 - CISQ

UNI EN ISO 9001-2000 - IQ-NET

UNI EN ISO 14001 - CISQ

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

4. REFERENCE STANDARDS AND LAWS

4. REFERENCE STANDARDS AND LAWS Alfaidro system fulfils the requirements of the following standards and laws:

DIN 8077

Polypropylene (PP) pipes. Dimensions

DIN 8078

Type 1, 2 and 3 polypropylene (PP) pipes.

General quality requirements and testing

DIN 16962

Joints and fittings for polypropylene (PP) pressurized pipes

UNI EN ISO 15874-2 (ex prEN 12202-2)

Plastic piping systems for hot and cold water installations Polypropylene (PP) - Part 2: Pipes

UNI EN ISO 15874-3 (ex prEN 12202-3)

Plastic piping systems for hot and cold water installations Polypropylene (PP) - Part 3: Fittings

UNI ISO 7/1 UNI 2223:1967

Filettature di tubazioni per accoppiamento non a tenuta sul filetto Designazione, dimensioni e tolleranze Flange metalliche per tubazioni. Disposizione fori e dimensioni di accoppiamento delle flange circolari

DM n. 174 del 6/4/04 (ex circolare del Ministero della Sanità n. 102 del 2 dicembre 1978)

Plastica Alfa will supply, upon request, copy of the certificates of conformity to the aforementioned standards.

The design and installation refer to the following standards and laws:

UNI 9182:1987

Impianti di alimentazione di acqua fredda e calda Criteri di progettazione, collaudo e gestione

UNI 8199:1998

Collaudo acustico degli impianti di climatizzazione e ventilazione Linee guida contrattuali e modalità di misurazione

DIN 16928:1979

Pipes of thermoplastic materials - Pipe joints, elements for pipes, laying General directions Saldatura di materie plastiche - Saldatura di componenti in polipropilene per il trasporto di fluidi in pressione - Saldatura a bicchiere

Progetti di norma della Commissione Saldature dell'UNI

Saldatura di materie plastiche - Saldatura di componenti in polipropilene per il trasporto di fluidi in pressione - Saldatura testa a testa Saldatura di materie plastiche - Saldatura di componenti in polipropilene per il trasporto di fluidi in pressione - Saldatura per elettrofusione

DPR n. 412 del 26.8.93,

Regolamento recante Norme per la progettazione, l’installazione e manutenzione degli impianti termici degli edifici ai fini del contenimento dei consumi di energia, in attuazione dell’art. 4, comma 4 della legge 9 gennaio 1991, n. 10

DPM 1 marzo 1991

Limiti massimi di esposizione al rumore negli ambienti abitativi e nell'ambiente esterno.

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17

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION For the design and installation of the piping systems it is necessary to follow the applicable standards of each country, in Italy the standard is UNI 9182. Some technical knowledge and calculation examples for the correct system layout will follow.

5.1.Operating conditions Polypropylene is a viscoelastic material and, like all thermoplastic resins, it is characterised by creep; therefore, with the passing of time, it undergoes a deformation depending on the temperature and the applied stress. After the removal of the stress, the piece regains its original shape partially or totally, depending on the magnitude and the time of the stress.

According to this, the polypropylene mechanical properties depend on three parameters: 1) mechanical stress = pressure 2) thermal stress = temperature 3) stress duration = time These parameters are tied to each other by the regression curves as shown in figure 5.1.

These curves can be used to calculate the maximum permissible operating pressures, from temperature to the system life or to obtain the system service life, referring to the pressure and the operating temperature.

5.1.1.Calculation of the operating pressure 25

It is worked out using the following formula:

P =

22 20

æ 10 × 2 s×s æ ç ç è d -s è

18

f

10°C

16

20°C

14

30°C

12

40°C

10

50°C

P

maximum operating pressure, in bar;

s

pipe wall thickness, in millimetres;

d

pipe outside diameter, in millimetres;

s

hydrostatic stress or stress induced on the pipe from the applied pressure, in MPa;

f

safety factor.

EXAMPLE Consider an Alfaidro PN 25 pipe ø 20x4.1 and

Hydrostatic stress (s) in Mpa

wherein: 9

60°C

8

70°C

7

80°C

6 5 4

90°C 95°C 100°C 110°C

3,5 3 2,5 2

a 10-year system life at the operating temperature of 80 °C: applying the above

1,5 100

25

50

5

Years

maximum permissible operating pressure is 12.4 bar.

10

1

mentioned formula, the result is that the 1 0,1

1

10

100

1.000

10.000

100.000 1.000.000

Duration in h

Figure 5.1 - Regression curves of HOSTALEN PP H5416

18

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.1 shows the values of maximum permissible operating pressures for PN10, PN20 and PN25 pipes at different conditions of temperature and system life.

Table 5.1 - Maximum permissible operating pressures for Alfaidro pipes and fittings Safety factor C = 1.25

Temperature (째C)

10

20

30

Service life (years)

50

60

70

80

95

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PN 10

PN 20

PN 25

1

21,1

42,0

5 10 25 50 100

20,0

39,8

50,1

19,3

38,5

48,5

18,7

37,3

46,9

18,2

36,3

45,7

17,7

35,4

44,5

18,0

36,0

45,3

16,9

33,8

42,5

16,4

32,8

41,3

16,0

31,8

40,1

15,5

30,9

38,9

15,0

29,9

37,7

15,3

30,6

38,5

14,4

28,7

36,1

13,9

27,7

34,9

13,4

26,8

33,7

13,1

26,1

32,9

12,8

25,5

32,1

12,9

25,8

32,5

1 5 10 25 50 100 1 5 10 25 50 100 1

40

Maximum permissible operating pressure (bar)

52,9

5

12,1

24,2

30,5

10

11,8

23,6

29,7

25

11,3

22,6

28,5 27,7

50

11,0

22,0

100

10,7

21,3

26,9

1 5 10 25 50 100

11,0

22,0

27,7

10,2

20,4

25,7

9,9

19,7

24,9

9,6

19,1

24,1

9,3

18,5

23,3

8,9

17,8

22,5

9,3

18,5

23,3

8,6

17,2

21,7 20,8

1 5 10 25 50 1 5 10 25 50 1 5 10 25 1

8,3

16,6

8,0

15,9

20,0

7,7

15,3

19,2

7,8

15,6

19,6

7,2

14,3

18,0

7,0

14,0

17,6

6,1

12,1

15,2

5,1

10,2

12,8

6,5

13,1

16,4

5,7

11,5

14,4

4,8

9,6

12,0

3,8

7,6

9,6

4,6

9,2

11,6

5

3,0

6,1

7,6

10

2,6

(5,1)

6,4

19

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION 5.1.2.Calculation of the system service life

Given the pressure and the temperature, the following formula can be used:

s = P f d-s 20 s where s, P, d, and s have been defined.

NOTE: according to the standard UNI EN ISO 15874, PPR pipes and fittings are classified according to the application class and the design pressure. The following scheme shows the relation between PN and application class/design pressure:

º class 1 / 6 bar / 60 °C / 50 years PN 20 (S 2.5) º class 1 / 10 bar / 60 °C / 50 years PN 25 (S 2.0) º class 2 / 10 bar / 70 °C / 50 years PN 10 (S 5.0)

5.2 Dimensioning of hot and cold water piping systems and flow rate of the pipeline “The dimensioning is to be such to grant the right functioning of the system according to the prescribed flow rate value” (UNI 9182, par. 10.3.1).

To make a right pipeline dimensioning, it is necessary to know the maximum simultaneous flow, the maximum pressure and maximum admissible speed.

5.2.1.Maximum simultaneous flow It is the value indicating the maximum contemporaneous flow of all the single uses served by a line for the whole busy period.

To calculate the maximum simultaneous flow it is used the method based on load units according to UNI 9182. The load unit is a conventional value representing the flow rate of a tap expressed according to the real flow, the dimensional and functional characteristics and the frequency of use.

The following table shows the load units values for the most common sanitary apparatus in a house:

Table 5.2 - Load units for sanitary apparatus of private house (UNI 9182 F 2.1) LOAD UNITS

APPARATUS Wash basin

20

COLD WATER

HOT WATER

COLD WATER + HOT WATER

0.75

0.75

1.00

Bidet

0.75

0.75

1.00

WC with flush tank

3.00

-

3.00

WC with flowmeter

6.00

-

6.00

Bath tub

1.50

1.50

2.00

Shower bath

1.50

1.50

2.00

Kitchen sink

1.50

1.50

2.00

Washing machine

2.00

-

2.00

Dish washer

2.00

-

2.00

Laundry sink

1.50

1.50

2.00

Hydrant ø 3/8”

1.00

-

1.00

Hydrant ø 1/2”

2.00

-

2.00

Hydrant ø 3/4”

3.00

-

3.00

Hydrant ø 1”

6.00

-

6.00

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

If more than one apparatus is installed, it is generally taken into account that not more than two are used simultaneously.

The following table shows the load units values for a combination of apparatus.

Table 5.3 - Load units for combination of sanitary apparatus (UNI 9182 part F 2.2) LOAD UNITS

APPARATUS COLD WATER

HOT WATER

COLD WATER + HOT WATER

COMPLETE BATHROOM: wash basin + bidet + bath tub (or shower bath) + WC with flush tank

4.50

2.25

5.00

COMPLETE BATHROOM: wash basin + bidet + bath tub (or shower bath) + WC with flowmeter

7.50

2.25

8.00

COMPLETE BATHROOM: WC with flush tank + washing machine

5.50

2.25

6.00

COMPLETE BATHROOM: WC with flowmeter + washing machine

8.50

2.25

9.00

SERVICE BATHROOM: wash basin + WC with flush tank

3.00

0.75

3.00

SERVICE BATHROOM: wash basin + WC with flowmeter

6.00

0.75

6.00

SERVICE BATHROOM: WC with flush tank + washing machine

4.00

0.75

4.50

SERVICE BATHROOM: WC with flowmeter + washing machine

7.00

0.75

7.00

COMPLETE BATHROOM: WC with flush tank + kitchen (sink and dish washer)

6.00

3.50

7.00

COMPLETE BATHROOM: WC with flowmeter + kitchen (sink and dish washer)

8.50

3.25

10.00

The load units value is assigned to every apparatus in the system and all the values are added; then using the tables and graphs below, the maximum simultaneous flow can be worked out.

Table 5.4 - Maximum simultaneous flow according to load units for WC with flush tank (UNI 9182 part F 4.1.1) Load Units UC

Flow rate l/s

Load Units UC

Flow rate l/s

Load Units UC

Flow rate l/s

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90

0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.68 0.78 0.85 0.93 1.13 1.30 1.46 1.62 1.90 2.20 2.40 2.65 2.90

100 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 275 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

3.15 3.65 3.90 4.25 4.60 4.95 5.35 5.75 6.10 6.45 7.80 9.00 10.00 11.00 11.90 12.90 13.80

1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

15.50 17.50 18.80 20.50 22.00 23.50 24.50 26.00 28.00 30.50 32.50 34.50 38.00 41.00 44.00 47.00 50.00

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21

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.5 Maximum simultaneous flow according to load units for WC with flowmeter (UNI 9182 part F 4.1.2) Flow rate l/s

10 12 14 16 18 20 25 30 35 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 -

1.70 1.90 2.10 2.27 2.45 2.60 2.95 3.25 3.55 3.80 4.30 4.80 5.25 5.60 6.00 6.35 -

Flow rate q l/s

Load Units UC

Flow rate l/s

Load Units UC

Load Units UC

Flow rate l/s

1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000

21.00 23.00 24.50 26.00 27.50 28.50 29.50 30.50 33.00 35.50 36.50 37.50 40.50 41.00 44.00 48.00 50.00

7.15 7.50 8.00 8.50 9.00 9.50 10.00 10.50 11.00 12.70 14.00 15.10 16.30 17.30 18.20 19.00 -

120 140 160 180 200 225 250 275 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 -

50 40 30 20 Curve 2 WC with flowmeter

10 7 5 4

WC with

3

flush tank

Curve 1

2

1 0,7 0,5 0,4 0,3

10000

7000

4000 5000

3000

2000

1000

700

400 500

300

200

100

70

40 50

30

20

10

7

5

0,2

Load Units UC

Figure 5.2 - Curves q=f (load units): flow rate according to load units (UNI 9182 - F 4.1.3) EXAMPLE - consider a riser supplying hot and cold water to 5 complete bathrooms with WC with flowmeters: the load units value for combination of apparatus is equal to 8 (table 5.3) for a total of 5x8=40 load units on the riser; the corresponding flow is worked out from table 5.5 and is equal to 3.8 l/s.

- consider a riser supplying cold water to 40 flats equipped with complete bathroom (WC with flowmeter) and kitchen: from table 5.3 we obtain 8,5 load units for each flat for a total of 340 unit loads; the corresponding flow rate is obtained from the diagram above and is equal to 11,9 l/s.

22

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.2.2. Calculus of the pipes diameter It is carried out in two steps: preliminary calculus and verification calculus. a) In preliminary calculus, it is considered the line joining the tank (delivery system by fall) or the aqueduct (delivery system by pump) to a tap located in the most unfavourable position; this line is divided into sections with constant flow and the diameter is calculated according to the flow rate and the speed assigned in advance:

d=

q×4 v × 3.14

× 1000

wherein: d

pipe inside diameter in mm;

q

flow in m3/s;

v

average speed of flow in m/s.

The pipe flow rate is worked out using the method described at point 5.2.1 while the speed can be worked out from table 5.6 and it is assigned on the grounds of: 1) difference of level between the tank and the tap, in case of distribution by tank; 2) difference of aqueduct pressure and the difference of level between it and the tap, in case of pressure distribution.

Table 5.6 - Maximum admissible flow speed

Values of the difference of level between the tank and the tap (or values of the difference of aqueduct pressure and the difference of level between it and the tap) m

Flow speed m/s

1-4

0.50-0.60

4-10

0.60-1.00

10-20 20 or more

1.00-1.50 1.50-2.00

EXAMPLE Consider a pipe with maximum simultaneous flow of 3 l/s to which we assign a maximum speed of 1,1 m/s: the internal diameter will be equal to:

d=

3 × 10 -3 × 4 × 1000 = 58,94 mm 1.1 × 3.14

The commercial diameter is 63 mm.

N.B. for bathrooms and kitchens dimensioning is not necessary to use formulas, usually ø 20 pipes are used except for flowmeter apparatus joined by ø 25 and 32 pipes directly to the riser.

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23

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

b) In verification calculus, once the pressure losses and the pressure occurring at the section ends are quantified , it is verified that the following conditions exist.

1) For tank supplying systems, the sum of: - pressure upstream of the most unfavourable tap , p1 - distributed pressure losses, Jd; -localized pressure losses, S Jl has to be equal or less than the difference of level between the tank bottom and the most unfavourably located tap:

Z0

p 1 + Jd + S Jl

2) For systems under pressure, the sum of: - pressure upstream of the most unfavourably located tap, p1; - distributed pressure losses , Jd; - localized pressure losses, S Jl. has to be equal to or less than the minimum pressure value of the aqueduct:

p1 + Z 1 + Jd + S Jl

p0

If the values mentioned above are respected, the preliminary calculus is correct; on the contrary, the diameter has to be decreased or increased.

The section length value (l) and the difference of level between the tap and the tank/aqueduct (Z) are obtained form the system scheme designed in advance, while the section flow rate values are calculated using the method described at 5.2.1.

Distributed (Jd) and localized (SJl) pressure losses are quantified using the following method: v02 2g E

Jd0 = S Jl1

D

Hydrostatic loads

F H

D1 F1

C

Hy dro p0<H

dy na mi c

v12

loa ds

h

(pi

Jd1

= S Jl2

2g

ez om etr ic)

B

C1 p1<p0 Z0 B1 Z1 x

A

A1

x

Hydrostatic and hydrodynamic loads H height of water in the tank; h hydrodynamic pressure loss =

24

v12

v02

2g

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.3 Pressure losses For the piping system layout, pressure losses have to be known since they influence the flow and then the quantity of water arriving to the separate uses in a unit of time.

The pressure produced by the water motion is never exploited entirely since part of it is lost to win the resistance that the water meets in motion.

The pressure losses can be distributed or localised and they are respectively due to: - continuous resistance, induced by the water friction against the walls of the pipeline and by the friction inside the flow itself, due to viscosity; - accidental resistance, induced by the water impact against the transversal and slanting walls as to the direction of its motion. The most common are: - water flowing through mouthpieces (fittings); - change in the direction and section of the pipes (elbows, tees, reducers, etc.); - water flowing through stop and output cocks.

5.3.1 Distributed pressure losses Pressure loss for continuous resistance is proportional to the surface wetted by water, to the specific weight of water, to the mean flow speed and to the pipeline walls roughness: it can be worked out using Blasius's formula:

2

Jd =

6 l v 10 2 g di

wherein: Jd

pipe distributed pressure loss, in mm/m;

v

water flow speed, in m/s;

g

acceleration of gravity equal to 9,81m/s2;

di

pipe inside diameter, in mm;

l

pressure loss coefficient according to Reynolds no. (Re) and the material surface roughness (e).

The Reynolds number is worked out by the following formula:

Re =

r v di m

wherein: r

water density equal to 998 kg/m3 at 20 °C and 983.2 kg/m3 at 60 °C;

m

water viscosity equal to 1.018 10-3 kg/m at 20 °C and 0.462 10-3 kg/m at 60 °C.

Note: the calculation of l depends on the type of flow (laminar or turbulent) inside the pipes; the following graphs and tables are useful to work out the distributed pressure losses at 20 °C and 60 °C

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

90x15,0 mm

75x12,5 mm

10,00

63x10,5 mm 50x8,4 mm

40x6,7 mm 4, 0

m /s

32x5,4 mm

1,00 25x4,3 mm

Flow rate q l/s

3, 0

m

2, 5

m

/s

/s

/s

m

m 4 1,

2 1,

m

/s

/s

m m /s

/s

m /s

m

/s

m /s

0 1,

0,01 10,00

0, 2 m

m /s

9 0,

0, 15

m /s

0, 8 m /s

/s

/s

m /s

0, 3

m

0, 1

0, 5

6 0,

0, 4

0, 7

m

20x3,4 mm

0 2,

8 1,

6 1,

0,10

/s

m /s

100,00

1000,00

10000,00

Pressure loss Jd in Pa/m

Figure 5.3 - Diagram of distributed pressure losses in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C

10,00 63x12,7 mm 50x10,1 mm

40x8,1 mm 4, 0

Flow rate q l/s

1,00

m /s

32x6,5 mm

25x5,1 mm 3, 0

2, 5

/s

/s

m

4 1, /s

/s

m

m

2 1,

0 1,

9 0,

m

/s

/s

m

m /s

m /s

/s

2 0,

/s

m /s

m

/s

m /s

/s

m /s

m

m

0, 3

m

/s

7 0,

4 0,

1 0,

/s

0,01 10,00

0, 15

0, 6

m

8 0,

0, 5

m

20x4,1 mm

m

0,10

1, 8

0 2,

1, 6

m /s

100,00

1000,00

10000,00

Pressure loss Jd in Pa/m

Figure 5.4 - Diagram of distributed pressure losses in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C

26

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

90x15,0 mm

10,00

63x10,5 mm

75x12,5 mm

50x8,4 mm

40x6,7 mm

32x5,4 mm 4, 0

1,00

m

/s

25x4,3 mm

Flow rate q l/s

20x3,4 mm 3, 0

5 2, m /s

/s

/s m /s

/s

/s

/s

/s

m

/s

m

m /s

m

/s

m /s

/s

m

0, 2

/s

m

m

m

1 0,

0, 15

m

m /s

/s

2, 0

4 0,

0, 3

0, 6

8 0,

0, 5

1, 8

0 1,

0, 9

0, 7

m

m

m

4 1,

2 1,

0,10

1, 6

m /s

m /s

0,01 10,00

100,00

1000,00

10000,00

Pressure loss Jd in Pa/m

Figure 5.5 - Diagram of distributed pressure losses in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C

10,00

63x12,7 mm

50x10,1 mm

40x8,1 mm

32x6,5 mm 4, 0

3, 0

/s

m

/s m

m /s

/s m

m /s

2, 0

20x4,1 mm

0

m /s

/s m

/s

0, 3

m /s

8

/s m

10,00

m

0, 2

m /s

/s m

1 0,

0,01

0, 15

0, 5

m /s

0,

7 0,

0, 4

0, 6

m /s

m /s

25x5,1 mm

1,

0, 9

/s m

/s m

0,10

1, 6

m /s

5 2,

8 1,

4 1,

2

1,

Flow rate q l/s

1,00

m /s

100,00

1000,00

10000,00

Pressure loss Jd in Pa/m

Figura 5.6 - Diagram of distributed pressure losses in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C

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27

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.4PROGETTAZIONE INSTALLAZIONE Table 5.7 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN Alfaidro pipes atE20째C CATALOGO TECNICO ALFAIDRO Nominal diameter (mm) 225

PN 4 20 째C

8,6

q

3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60 5,80 6,00 6,20 6,40 6,60 6,80 7,00 7,50 8,00 9,00 10,00

28

315

9,6

10,7

12,1

Inside diameter (mm) e=0,007 mm

3,60

280

Wall thickness (mm)

207,8

3,40

250

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J vv JJ v J v J

0,10 0,06 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,08 0,12 0,09 0,12 0,09 0,13 0,10 0,14 0,11 0,14 0,12 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,14 0,16 0,15 0,17 0,16 0,17 0,17 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,19 0,21 0,20 0,22 0,21 0,23 0,22 0,26 0,24 0,29 0,27 0,36 0,30 0,43

230,8

r=998 kg/m3

258,6

m=1,018 x 10-3 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s)

0,10 0,05 0,10 0,06 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,07 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,08 0,13 0,09 0,13 0,09 0,14 0,10 0,14 0,11 0,15 0,11 0,15 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,16 0,13 0,17 0,14 0,18 0,16 0,19 0,18 0,22 0,22 0,24 0,26

290,8

0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,06 0,12 0,07 0,12 0,07 0,13 0,07 0,13 0,08 0,13 0,08 0,14 0,09 0,15 0,10 0,17 0,13 0,19 0,15

0,10 0,04 0,10 0,04 0,10 0,04 0,11 0,05 0,11 0,05 0,12 0,06 0,14 0,07 0,15 0,09

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.8 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 6 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 140

125

PN 6 20 째C

160

7,1

8,0

9,1

q

1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60 5,80 6,00 6,20 6,40 6,60 6,80 7,00 7,50 8,00 9,00 10,00

225

250

280

315

10,2

11,4

12,8

14,2

15,9

17,9

221,6

248,2

279,2

Inside diameter (mm) 124,0

141,8

0,10 0,15 0,12 0,21 0,15 0,27 0,17 0,34 0,19 0,42 0,21 0,51 0,23 0,60 0,25 0,70 0,27 0,81 0,29 0,92 0,31 1,03 0,33 1,16 0,35 1,29 0,37 1,42 0,39 1,56 0,42 1,71 0,44 1,86 0,46 2,02 0,48 2,18 0,50 2,35 0,52 2,53 0,54 2,71 0,56 2,89 0,58 3,08 0,60 3,28 0,62 3,48 0,64 3,68 0,66 3,89 0,68 4,11 0,71 4,33 0,73 4,56 0,78 5,14 0,83 5,75 0,93 11,48 1,04 13,11

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0,10 0,12 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,17 0,30 0,18 0,35 0,20 0,41 0,22 0,47 0,23 0,54 0,25 0,61 0,27 0,68 0,28 0,75 0,30 0,83 0,31 0,92 0,33 1,00 0,35 1,09 0,36 1,18 0,38 1,28 0,40 1,38 0,41 1,48 0,43 1,59 0,45 1,69 0,46 1,81 0,48 1,92 0,50 2,04 0,51 2,16 0,53 2,28 0,55 2,41 0,56 2,54 0,58 2,67 0,62 3,01 10,66 3,37 0,75 4,14 0,83 8,69

177,2

199,4

-3

r=998 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

159,6

3

e=0,007 mm

1,20

200

Wall thickness (mm)

110,8

1,00

180

m=1,018 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) -

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0,10 0,11 0,11 0,13 0,13 0,16 0,14 0,19 0,15 0,22 0,16 0,25 0,18 0,28 0,19 0,32 0,20 0,36 0,22 0,40 0,23 0,44 0,24 0,48 0,25 0,53 0,27 0,58 0,28 0,63 0,29 0,68 0,30 0,73 0,32 0,78 0,33 0,84 0,34 0,90 0,35 0,96 0,37 1,02 0,38 1,08 0,39 1,14 0,41 1,21 0,42 1,27 0,43 1,34 0,44 1,41 0,48 1,59 0,51 1,78 0,57 2,19 0,63 2,63

0,10 0,09 0,11 0,11 0,12 0,12 0,13 0,14 0,14 0,16 0,15 0,18 0,16 0,20 0,17 0,23 0,18 0,25 0,19 0,28 0,20 0,30 0,21 0,33 0,22 0,36 0,23 0,39 0,24 0,42 0,25 0,45 0,26 0,48 0,27 0,51 0,28 0,54 0,29 0,58 0,30 0,61 0,31 0,65 0,32 0,69 0,33 0,73 0,34 0,77 0,35 0,80 0,38 0,91 0,40 1,02 0,45 1,25 0,50 1,50

0,10 0,08 0,11 0,09 0,11 0,10 0,12 0,11 0,13 0,12 0,14 0,14 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,17 0,16 0,18 0,17 0,20 0,18 0,22 0,19 0,23 0,19 0,25 0,20 0,27 0,21 0,29 0,22 0,31 0,23 0,33 0,24 0,35 0,24 0,37 0,25 0,40 0,26 0,42 0,27 0,44 0,28 0,47 0,28 0,49 0,30 0,55 0,32 0,62 0,37 0,76 0,41 0,91

0,10 0,06 0,10 0,07 0,11 0,08 0,12 0,09 0,12 0,10 0,13 0,10 0,13 0,11 0,14 0,12 0,15 0,23 0,15 0,14 0,16 0,16 0,17 0,17 0,17 0,18 0,18 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,19 0,21 0,20 0,23 0,21 0,24 0,21 0,25 0,22 0,27 0,22 0,28 0,24 0,32 0,26 0,35 0,29 0,43 0,32 0,52

0,10 0,06 0,10 0,06 0,11 0,07 0,11 0,08 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,09 0,13 0,09 0,13 0,10 0,14 0,11 0,15 0,11 0,15 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,16 0,14 0,17 0,14 0,17 0,15 0,18 0,16 0,18 0,17 0,19 0,19 0,21 0,21 0,23 0,26 0,26 0,32

0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,06 0,12 0,07 0,12 0,07 0,12 0,08 0,13 0,08 0,13 0,08 0,14 0,09 0,14 0,09 0,14 0,10 0,16 0,11 0,17 0,12 0,19 0,15 0,21 0,18

0,10 0,04 0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,11 0,05 0,11 0,05 0,11 0,06 0,12 0,06 0,13 0,07 0,15 0,09 0,16 0,11

29

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.9 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 10 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 32

PN 10 20 째C

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

16,4

18,2

20,5

22,7

25,4

28,6

147,2

163,6

184,0

204,6

229,2

257,8

Wall thickness (mm) 2,9

3,7

4,6

5,8

6,8

8,2

10,0

11,4

12,7

14,6

Inside diameter (mm) 26,2

32,6

40,8

51,4

61,4

73,6

90,0

0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60 3,80 4,00 4,20 4,40

30

0,11 1,04 0,13 1,36 0,15 1,72 0,17 2,11 0,19 2,54 0,22 3,49 0,26 4,57 0,30 5,77 0,33 7,10 0,37 8,53 0,56 17,35 0,74 28,70 0,93 42,41 1,11 58,35 1,30 76,41 1,48 96,53 1,67 118,6 1,86 142,6 2,23 196,2 2,60 257,0 2,97 324,6 3,34 399,0 3,71 479,7 4,08 614,1 4,45 716,0 4,83 825,6 5,20 943,1

130,8

-3

r=998 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

114,6 3

e=0,007 mm

q

102,2

m=1,018 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s)

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0,10 0,30 0,14 0,50 0,17 0,74 0,20 1,02 0,24 1,34 0,27 1,69 0,30 2,08 0,34 2,50 0,41 3,44 0,47 4,50 0,54 5,68 0,61 6,98 0,68 8,40 0,74 9,92 0,81 11,55 0,88 13,29 0,95 15,13 1,01 17,07 1,08 19,12 1,15 21,26 1,22 23,49 1,28 25,82 1,35 28,25 1,42 30,77 1,49 33,38

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0,12 0,31 0,14 0,43 0,16 0,57 0,19 0,71 0,21 0,88 0,24 1,06 0,28 1,45 0,33 1,90 0,38 2,40 0,42 2,95 0,47 3,55 0,52 4,20 0,56 4,89 0,61 5,62 0,66 6,40 0,71 7,22 0,75 8,08 0,80 8,99 0,85 9,93 0,89 10,92 0,94 11,94 0,99 13,01 1,03 14,11

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0,11 0,22 0,13 0,27 0,14 0,34 0,16 0,41 0,19 0,56 0,22 0,73 0,25 0,92 0,28 1,14 0,31 1,37 0,35 1,61 0,38 1,88 0,41 2,16 0,44 2,46 0,47 2,78 0,50 3,11 0,53 3,46 0,57 3,82 0,60 4,20 0,63 4,59 0,66 5,00 0,69 5,43

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0,10 0,15 0,11 0,18 0,12 0,22 0,15 0,31 0,17 0,40 0,20 0,51 0,22 0,62 0,24 0,75 0,27 0,88 0,29 1,03 0,32 1,18 0,34 1,35 0,37 1,52 0,39 1,70 0,41 1,89 0,44 2,09 0,46 2,30 0,49 2,51 0,51 2,74 0,54 2,97

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0,10 0,13 0,12 0,18 0,14 0,23 0,16 0,29 0,17 0,36 0,19 0,43 0,21 0,51 0,23 0,60 0,25 0,69 0,27 0,78 0,29 0,88 0,31 0,99 0,33 1,10 0,35 1,21 0,37 1,33 0,39 1,46 0,41 1,59 0,43 1,72

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0,10 0,12 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,19 0,15 0,23 0,16 0,27 0,18 0,32 0,19 0,37 0,21 0,42 0,22 0,47 0,24 0,53 0,25 0,59 0,27 0,65 0,28 0,71 0,30 0,78 0,31 0,85 0,33 0,92

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0,11 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,13 0,16 0,14 0,18 0,15 0,21 0,16 0,24 0,18 0,27 0,19 0,30 0,20 0,33 0,21 0,37 0,22 0,41 0,24 0,44 0,25 0,45 0,26 0,52

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-

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-

0,10 0,08 0,10 0,09 0,11 0,11 0,12 0,13 0,13 0,14 0,14 0,16 0,15 0,18 0,16 0,20 0,17 0,22 0,18 0,25 0,19 0,27 0,20 0,29 0,21 0,32

-

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-

0,10 0,07 0,11 0,08 0,11 0,09 0,12 0,10 0,13 0,12 0,14 0,13 0,14 0,14 0,15 0,15 0,16 0,17 0,17 0,18

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0,10 0,06 0,10 0,07 0,11 0,08 0,12 0,08 0,12 0,09 0,13 0,10 0,13 0,11

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-

0,10 0,05 0,10 0,06 0,11 0,06

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0,10 0,35 0,14 0,71 0,19 1,17 0,24 1,73 0,29 2,38 0,34 3,11 0,39 3,93 0,43 4,83 0,48 5,81 0,58 7,99 0,68 10,47 0,77 13,22 0,87 16,25 0,96 19,54 1,06 23,09 1,16 26,88 1,25 30,93 1,35 35,21 1,45 39,73 1,54 44,48 1,64 49,45 1,74 54,66 1,83 60,08 1,93 65,72 2,03 85,04 2,12 91,47

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0,11 0,56 0,12 0,70 0,14 0,87 0,15 1,04 0,23 2,12 0,31 3,50 0,38 5,17 0,46 7,12 0,54 9,32 0,61 11,77 0,69 14,47 0,77 17,40 0,92 23,94 1,07 31,35 1,22 39,61 1,38 48,67 1,53 58,53 1,68 69,15 1,84 80,52 1,99 92,63 2,14 105,4 2,30 118,9 2,45 133,2 2,60 167,4 2,75 184,0 2,91 201,3 3,06 219,4 3,21 238,3 3,37 257,9

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0,10 0,61 0,11 0,75 0,12 0,90 0,14 1,24 0,17 1,62 0,19 2,04 0,22 2,51 0,24 3,02 0,36 6,14 0,48 10,16 0,60 15,02 0,72 20,66 0,84 27,06 0,96 34,18 1,08 42,01 1,20 50,51 1,44 69,50 1,68 91,02 1,92 114,9 2,16 141,3 2,40 169,9 2,64 200,7 2,88 233,7 3,12 296,2 3,36 335,9 3,60 378,2 3,84 423,0 4,08 470,2 4,32 520,0 4,55 572,2 4,79 627,0 5,03 684,3

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-

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.9 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 10 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 32

PN 10 20 째C

40

50

63

75

90

110

125

140

160

180

200

225

250

280

315

16,4

18,2

20,5

22,7

25,4

28,6

147,2

163,6

184,0

204,6

229,2

257,8

Wall thickness (mm) 2,9

3,7

4,6

5,8

6,8

8,2

10,0

11,4

12,7

14,6

Inside diameter (mm) 26,2

32,6

40,8

51,4

61,4

73,6

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v 4,80 J v 5,00 J v 5,20 J v 5,40 J v 5,60 J v 5,80 J v 6,00 J v 6,20 J v 6,40 J v 6,60 J v 6,80 J v 7,00 J v 7,50 J v 8,00 J v 9,00 J v 10,00 J

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-

3,52 278,39 3,67 299,60 3,83 321,59 3,98 344,36 4,13 367,90 4,29 392,23 4,44 417,33 4,59 443,21 4,74 469,87 4,90 497,31 5,05 525,53 -

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www.plasticalfa.com

2,22 98,14 2,31 105,04 2,41 112,17 2,51 119,54 2,60 127,14 2,70 134,98 2,80 143,05 2,89 151,36 2,99 159,90 3,09 168,67 3,18 177,68 3,28 186,93 3,38 196,41 3,62 221,13 3,86 247,31 4,34 304,08 4,82 366,70

1,55 36,08 1,62 38,86 1,69 52,15 1,76 55,31 1,82 58,57 1,89 61,92 1,96 65,36 2,03 68,90 2,10 72,52 2,16 76,25 2,23 80,06 2,30 83,97 2,37 87,97 2,53 98,38 2,70 109,37 3,04 133,09 3,38 159,15

102,2

114,6

130,8

r=998 kg/m3

e=0,007 mm

4,60

90,0

m=1,018 x 10-3 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) 1,08 15,25 1,13 16,43 1,18 17,65 1,22 18,90 1,27 20,19 1,32 21,52 1,36 30,80 1,41 32,32 1,46 33,87 1,51 35,45 1,55 37,08 1,60 38,74 1,65 40,43 1,76 44,83 1,88 49,46 2,12 59,39 2,35 70,23

0,72 5,87 0,75 6,32 0,79 6,79 0,82 7,27 0,85 7,77 0,88 8,28 0,91 8,80 0,94 9,34 0,98 9,89 1,01 10,46 1,04 11,03 1,07 11,63 1,10 12,23 1,18 19,86 1,26 21,68 1,42 25,56 1,57 29,77

0,56 3,21 0,59 3,46 0,61 3,71 0,63 3,97 0,66 4,25 0,68 4,53 0,71 4,81 0,73 5,11 0,76 5,41 0,78 5,72 0,80 6,03 0,83 6,36 0,85 6,69 0,91 7,54 0,98 8,45 1,10 15,52 1,22 17,87

0,45 1,86 0,47 2,01 0,48 2,15 0,50 2,31 0,52 2,46 0,54 2,63 0,56 2,79 0,58 2,96 0,60 3,14 0,62 3,32 0,64 3,50 0,66 3,69 0,68 3,88 0,73 4,38 0,78 4,90 0,87 6,03 0,97 11,56

0,34 0,99 0,36 1,07 0,37 1,15 0,39 1,23 0,40 1,32 0,42 1,40 0,43 1,49 0,45 1,58 0,46 1,67 0,48 1,77 0,49 1,87 0,51 1,97 0,52 2,07 0,56 2,34 0,60 2,62 0,67 3,22 0,74 3,87

0,27 0,57 0,28 0,61 0,29 0,66 0,31 0,70 0,32 0,75 0,33 0,80 0,34 0,85 0,35 0,90 0,36 0,96 0,38 1,01 0,39 1,07 0,40 1,12 0,41 1,18 0,44 1,33 0,47 1,49 0,53 1,83 0,59 2,21

0,22 0,34 0,23 0,37 0,24 0,40 0,25 0,43 0,26 0,45 0,27 0,48 0,28 0,51 0,29 0,55 0,30 0,58 0,30 0,61 0,31 0,65 0,32 0,68 0,33 0,72 0,36 0,81 0,38 0,90 0,43 1,11 0,48 1,34

0,17 0,20 0,18 0,21 0,19 0,23 0,20 0,24 0,20 0,26 0,21 0,28 0,22 0,29 0,23 0,31 0,23 0,33 0,24 0,35 0,25 0,37 0,26 0,39 0,26 0,41 0,28 0,46 0,30 0,52 0,34 0,64 0,38 0,76

0,14 0,12 0,15 0,13 0,15 0,14 0,16 0,15 0,16 0,16 0,17 0,17 0,18 0,18 0,18 0,19 0,19 0,20 0,19 0,21 0,20 0,22 0,21 0,24 0,21 0,25 0,23 0,28 0,24 0,31 0,27 0,38 0,30 0,46

0,11 0,07 0,12 0,07 0,12 0,08 0,13 0,09 0,13 0,09 0,14 0,10 0,14 0,10 0,15 0,11 0,15 0,12 0,16 0,12 0,16 0,13 0,16 0,14 0,17 0,14 0,18 0,16 0,19 0,18 0,22 0,22 0,24 0,27

0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,11 0,06 0,11 0,06 0,12 0,06 0,12 0,07 0,12 0,07 0,13 0,07 0,13 0,08 0,13 0,08 0,14 0,09 0,15 0,10 0,17 0,13 0,19 0,15

31

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.10 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 20 20 째C

25

32

3,4

4,2

5,4

16,6

21,2

q

0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60

32

6,7

8,3

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

0,15 2,74 0,22 8,01 0,29 13,25 0,37 19,57 0,44 26,93 0,51 35,27 0,58 44,55 0,66 54,75 0,73 65,84 0,88 90,58 1,02 118,63 1,17 149,85 1,32 184,16 1,46 221,44 2,19 450,21 2,92 744,44 3,66 1100,66 4,39 1514,34 -

0,14 2,70 0,18 4,46 0,23 6,59 0,28 9,07 0,32 11,87 0,37 15,00 0,42 18,43 0,46 22,17 0,55 30,50 0,65 39,94 0,74 50,45 0,83 62,00 0,92 74,55 1,39 151,58 1,85 250,77 2,31 370,57 2,77 509,84 3,24 667,72 3,70 843,49 4,16 1036,56 4,62 1246,44

26,6

33,2

r=998 kg/m3

e=0,007 mm

0,03

50

63

75

90

10,5

12,5

15,0

42,0

50,0

60,6

Inside diameter (mm) 13,2

0,02

40

Wall thickness (mm)

m=1,018 x 10-3 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) -

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0,10 0,40 0,15 0,81 0,20 1,33 0,25 1,97 0,31 2,71 0,36 3,55 0,41 4,48 0,46 5,51 0,13 0,10 0,61 9,11 0,71 11,93 0,82 15,08 0,92 18,53 1,01 22,28 1,12 26,32 1,22 30,65 1,32 35,26 1,43 40,14 1,53 45,29 1,63 50,71 1,73 56,39 1,83 62,32

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0,11 1,40 0,14 2,06 0,17 2,84 0,20 3,72 0,23 4,69 0,26 5,77 0,28 6,94 0,34 9,54 0,40 12,50 0,45 15,79 0,51 19,40 0,57 23,33 0,85 47,43 1,13 78,47 1,42 115,95 1,70 159,53 1,98 208,93 2,27 263,93 2,55 324,35 2,83 390,02 3,40 536,61 3,97 702,77 4,54 887,77

0,11 0,97 0,13 1,26 0,14 1,60 0,16 1,96 0,18 2,36 0,22 3,25 0,25 4,25 0,29 5,37 0,32 6,60 0,36 7,94 0,54 16,14 0,72 26,71 0,90 39,46 1,08 54,30 1,26 71,11 1,44 89,83 1,62 110,39 1,80 132,74 2,16 182,63 2,52 239,18 2,88 302,14 3,24 371,30 3,60 446,48 3,96 571,87 4,32 666,42 4,68 767,98 5,04 876,87

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0,10 0,69 0,12 0,82 0,14 1,13 0,16 1,48 0,18 1,87 0,21 2,30 0,23 2,77 0,35 5,63 0,46 9,32 0,58 13,77 0,69 18,95 0,81 24,81 0,92 31,35 1,04 38,52 1,16 46,32 1,39 63,73 1,62 83,46 1,85 105,44 2,08 129,57 2,31 155,80 2,54 184,08 2,77 214,36 3,00 246,59 3,24 308,88 3,47 347,51 3,70 388,42 3,93 431,60 4,16 477,06

0,10 0,49 0,12 0,61 0,13 0,75 0,14 0,91 0,22 1,84 0,29 3,05 0,36 4,51 0,43 6,20 0,51 8,12 0,58 10,26 0,65 12,61 0,17 0,17 0,87 20,86 1,01 27,32 1,16 34,51 1,30 42,41 1,44 51,00 1,59 60,25 1,73 70,16 1,88 80,71 2,02 91,89 2,17 103,68 2,31 116,08 2,46 147,16 2,60 161,54

0,11 0,34 0,14 0,56 0,18 0,83 0,21 1,14 0,25 1,49 0,28 1,89 0,32 2,32 0,11 0,06 0,42 3,83 0,50 5,02 0,57 6,34 0,64 7,79 0,71 9,37 0,78 11,07 0,85 12,89 0,92 14,83 0,99 16,88 1,06 19,05 1,13 21,33 1,20 23,72 1,27 26,21

www.plasticalfa.com

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.10 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 20 20 째C

25

32

3,4

4,2

5,4

16,6

21,2

q

4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60 5,80 6,00 6,20 6,40 6,60 6,80 7,00 7,50 8,00 9,00 10,00

6,7

8,3

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

26,6

33,2

r=998 kg/m3

e=0,007 mm

4,00

50

63

75

90

10,5

12,5

15,0

42,0

50,0

60,6

Inside diameter (mm) 13,2

3,80

40

Wall thickness (mm)

m=1,018 x 10-3 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) 4,39 524,79 4,62 574,79 4,85 627,08 5,09 681,63

2,74 176,58 2,89 192,29 3,03 208,68 3,18 225,73 3,32 243,45 3,47 261,84 3,61 280,90 3,76 300,64 3,90 321,04 4,04 342,11 4,19 363,85 4,33 386,26 4,48 409,34 4,62 433,09 4,77 457,51 4,91 482,59 5,06 508,35

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www.plasticalfa.com

1,94 68,50 2,04 88,78 2,14 95,85 2,24 103,19 2,34 110,79 2,45 118,67 2,55 126,82 2,65 135,24 2,75 143,93 2,85 152,89 2,96 162,12 3,06 171,62 3,16 181,40 3,26 191,99 3,36 201,75 3,46 212,34 3,57 223,19 3,82 251,51 4,08 281,52 4,59 346,61 -

1,34 28,81 1,42 31,52 1,49 34,33 1,56 37,24 1,63 40,25 1,70 54,03 1,77 57,45 1,84 60,98 1,91 64,61 1,98 68,34 2,05 72,18 2,12 76,13 2,19 80,18 2,26 84,33 2,34 88,59 2,41 92,96 2,48 97,43 2,65 109,06 2,83 121,35 3,18 147,89 3,54 177,06

33

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.11 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm)

PN 25 20 째C

20

25

4,1

5,1 14,8

0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40

34

6,5

8,1

-

23,8

50

63

10,1

12,7

29,8

37,6

-3

r=998 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) 0,18 6,71 0,27 13,64 0,37 22,56 0,46 33,34 0,55 45,87 0,64 60,07 0,73 75,88 0,82 93,25 0,91 112,14 1,10 154,28 1,28 202,05 1,46 255,24 1,65 313,67 1,83 377,18 2,74 766,84 3,66 1268,67 4,57 1874,74

19,0 3

e=0,007 mm

v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

40

Inside diameter (mm) 11,8

q

32

Wall thickness (mm)

0,12 1,74 0,17 4,65 0,23 7,69 0,29 11,37 0,35 15,64 0,41 20,48 0,47 25,87 0,52 31,80 0,58 38,23 0,70 52,60 0,81 68,89 0,93 87,03 1,05 106,95 1,16 128,60 1,74 261,46 2,33 432,56 2,91 639,20 3,49 879,44 4,07 1151,76 4,65 1454,95

m=1,018 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) 0,11 1,42 0,14 2,35 0,18 3,47 0,21 4,77 0,25 6,25 0,28 7,90 0,32 9,71 0,35 11,67 0,42 16,06 0,49 21,03 0,56 26,57 0,64 32,65 0,71 39,26 1,06 79,81 1,41 132,04 1,76 195,12 2,12 268,45 2,47 351,58 2,82 444,13 3,18 545,79 3,53 656,30 4,23 902,97 4,94 1182,57

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0,11 1,19 0,13 1,64 0,16 2,14 0,18 2,71 0,20 3,33 0,22 4,00 0,27 5,51 0,31 7,21 0,36 9,11 0,40 11,20 0,45 13,47 0,67 27,38 0,90 45,29 1,12 66,93 1,35 92,09 1,57 120,60 1,80 152,35 2,02 187,23 2,25 225,13 2,70 309,75 3,15 405,66 3,60 512,45 4,05 629,75 4,50 818,48 4,95 970,13

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0,10 0,74 0,11 0,93 0,13 0,14 0,14 1,38 0,17 1,89 0,20 2,48 0,23 3,13 0,26 3,85 0,29 4,63 0,43 9,41 0,57 15,57 0,72 23,01 0,86 31,65 1,00 41,46 1,15 52,37 1,29 64,35 1,43 77,38 1,72 106,47 2,01 139,44 2,30 176,14 2,58 216,46 2,87 260,29 3,16 307,54 3,44 391,10 3,73 448,98 4,02 510,86 4,30 576,73 4,59 646,60 4,88 720,45

0,11 0,63 0,13 0,82 0,14 1,04 0,16 1,28 0,18 1,53 0,27 3,12 0,36 5,16 0,45 7,62 0,54 10,49 0,63 13,74 0,72 17,36 0,81 21,33 0,90 25,65 1,08 35,29 1,26 46,21 1,44 58,38 1,62 71,74 1,80 86,27 1,98 101,93 2,16 118,69 2,34 136,54 2,52 155,44 2,70 196,72 2,88 218,96 3,06 242,39

www.plasticalfa.com

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.11 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 20째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 25 20 째C

25

4,1

5,1 14,8

q

4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60

6,5

8,1 23,8

50

63

10,1

12,7

29,8

37,6

-3

r=998 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

19,0 3

e=0,007 mm

3,80

40

Inside diameter (mm) 11,8

3,60

32

Wall thickness (mm)

m=1,018 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s)

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www.plasticalfa.com

3,24 267,01 3,42 292,82 3,60 319,83 3,78 348,02 3,96 377,41 4,14 407,98 4,33 439,75 4,51 472,70 4,69 506,85 4,87 542,19 5,05 578,72

35

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.12 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 20 60 째C

25

32

3,4

4,2

5,4

16,6

q

0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40

36

8,3

6,7 26,6

21,2

75

90

10,5

12,5

15,0

42,0

50,0

60,6

0,15 3,26 0,22 6,63 0,29 10,96 0,37 16,20 0,44 22,28 0,51 29,19 0,58 36,87 0,66 45,31 0,73 55,48 0,88 74,96 1,02 98,17 1,17 124,01 1,32 152,39 1,46 183,25 2,19 372,37 2,92 616,38 3,66 1005,49 4,39 1415,07 -

-3

r=983,2 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

33,2 3

e=0,007 mm

0,03

63

Inside diameter (mm) 13,2

0,02

50

40

Wall thickness (mm)

m=0,462 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s)

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0,14 2,23 0,18 3,69 0,23 5,45 0,28 7,50 0,32 9,83 0,37 12,41 0,42 15,25 0,46 18,34 0,55 25,24 0,65 33,05 0,74 41,75 0,83 51,31 0,92 61,70 1,39 125,43 1,85 207,52 2,31 306,66 2,77 421,91 3,24 605,95 3,70 776,36 4,16 967,85 4,62 1180,44

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0,11 1,15 0,14 1,71 0,17 2,35 0,20 3,07 0,23 3,88 0,26 4,77 0,28 5,74 0,34 7,90 0,40 10,34 0,45 13,06 0,51 16,05 0,57 19,31 0,85 39,25 1,13 64,93 1,42 95,96 1,70 132,02 1,98 172,90 2,27 235,60 2,55 291,20 2,83 352,69 3,40 493,33 3,97 657,52 4,54 845,25

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0,11 0,80 0,13 1,05 0,14 1,32 0,16 1,62 0,18 1,95 0,22 2,69 0,25 3,52 0,29 4,45 0,32 5,46 0,36 6,57 0,54 13,36 0,72 22,10 0,90 32,66 1,08 44,93 1,26 58,84 1,44 74,33 1,62 91,35 1,80 119,10 2,16 164,17 2,52 216,45 2,88 275,95 3,24 342,66 3,60 416,58 3,96 497,73 4,32 586,09 4,68 681,66 5,04 784,45

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0,10 0,57 0,12 0,68 0,14 0,94 0,16 1,23 0,18 1,55 0,21 1,91 0,23 2,29 0,35 4,66 0,46 7,71 0,58 11,40 0,69 15,68 0,81 20,53 0,92 25,94 1,04 31,88 1,16 38,33 1,39 52,74 1,62 75,79 1,85 95,49 2,08 117,48 2,31 141,74 2,54 168,27 2,77 197,08 3,00 228,17 3,24 261,53 3,47 297,17 3,70 335,08 3,93 375,27

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0,10 0,40 0,12 0,51 0,13 0,62 0,14 0,75 0,22 1,53 0,29 2,52 0,36 3,73 0,43 5,13 0,51 6,72 0,58 8,49 0,65 10,43 0,72 12,55 0,87 17,26 1,01 22,61 1,16 32,55 1,30 39,48 1,44 47,09 1,59 55,37 1,73 64,31 1,88 73,93 2,02 84,21 2,17 95,17 2,31 106,79 2,46 119,09

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0,10 0,33 0,15 0,67 0,20 1,10 0,25 1,63 0,31 2,24 0,36 2,94 0,41 3,71 0,46 4,56 0,51 5,48 0,61 7,54 0,71 9,88 0,82 12,48 0,92 15,33 1,02 21,60 1,12 25,15 1,22 28,97 1,32 33,07 1,43 37,43 1,53 42,07 1,63 46,98 1,73 52,15

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0,11 0,28 0,14 0,46 0,18 0,69 0,21 0,94 0,25 1,24 0,28 1,56 0,32 1,92 0,35 2,31 0,42 3,17 0,50 4,15 0,57 5,15 0,64 6,45 0,71 7,75 0,78 9,16 0,85 13,09 0,92 14,80 0,99 16,61 1,06 18,53 1,13 20,56 1,20 22,69

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.12 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 20 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 20 60 째C

25

32

3,4

4,2

5,4

16,6

q

4,00 4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60 5,80 6,00 6,20 6,40 6,60 6,80 7,00 7,50 8,00 9,00 10,00

8,3

6,7

21,2

33,2

75

90

10,5

12,5

15,0

42,0

50,0

60,6

-3

r=983,2 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

26,6 3

e=0,007 mm

3,80

63

Inside diameter (mm) 13,2

3,60

50

40

Wall thickness (mm)

m=0,462 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) 4,16 417,73 4,39 462,47 4,62 509,48 4,85 558,77 5,09 610,34

2,60 132,05 2,74 145,69 2,89 159,99 3,03 174,96 3,18 190,61 3,32 206,92 3,47 223,90 3,61 241,55 3,76 259,88 3,90 278,87 4,04 298,53 4,19 318,86 4,33 339,86 4,48 361,53 4,62 383,87 4,77 406,88 4,91 430,56 5,06 454,90

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1,83 57,60 1,94 63,32 2,04 69,31 2,14 75,57 2,24 82,10 2,34 88,90 2,45 95,97 2,55 103,31 2,65 110,92 2,75 118,80 2,85 126,96 2,96 135,38 3,06 144,08 3,16 153,04 3,26 162,28 3,36 171,78 3,46 181,56 3,57 191,61 3,82 217,91 4,08 245,90 4,59 306,96 -

1,27 24,92 1,34 27,26 1,42 29,71 1,49 32,26 1,56 34,91 1,63 37,67 1,70 40,53 1,77 43,50 1,84 46,58 1,91 49,76 1,98 53,04 2,05 56,43 2,12 59,92 2,19 63,52 2,26 67,23 2,34 71,03 2,41 74,95 2,48 78,97 2,65 89,47 2,83 100,63 3,18 124,92 3,54 151,84

37

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.13 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 25 60 째C

25

4,1

5,1 14,8

q

0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08 0,09 0,10 0,12 0,14 0,16 0,18 0,20 0,30 0,40 0,50 0,60 0,70 0,80 0,90 1,00 1,20 1,40 1,60 1,80 2,00 2,20 2,40 2,60 2,80 3,00 3,20 3,40 3,60

38

6,5

8,1

v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J vv JJ v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

-

23,8

50

63

10,1

12,7

29,8

37,6

-3

r=983,2 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) 0,18 5,55 0,27 11,28 0,37 18,67 0,46 27,59 0,55 37,96 0,64 49,71 0,73 62,80 0,82 77,17 0,91 92,80 1,10 127,67 1,28 167,21 1,46 211,22 1,65 259,57 1,83 312,13 2,74 634,58 3,66 1049,86 4,57 1757,47

19,0 3

e=0,007 mm

0,03

40

Inside diameter (mm) 11,8

0,02

32

Wall thickness (mm)

0,12 1,89 0,17 3,85 0,23 6,37 0,29 9,41 0,35 12,94 0,41 16,95 0,47 21,41 0,52 26,31 0,58 31,64 0,70 43,53 0,81 57,01 0,93 72,02 1,05 88,50 1,16 106,42 1,74 216,36 2,33 357,95 2,91 528,96 3,49 801,63 4,07 1068,956 4,65 1374,66

m=0,462 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s) 0,11 1,17 0,14 1,94 0,18 2,87 0,21 3,95 0,25 5,17 0,28 6,54 0,32 8,03 0,35 9,66 0,42 13,29 0,49 17,40 0,56 21,98 0,64 27,02 0,71 32,49 1,06 66,05 1,41 109,27 1,76 161,47 2,12 222,15 2,47 290,94 2,82 400,00 3,18 496,52 3,53 603,47 4,23 848,63 4,94 1135,49

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0,11 0,98 0,13 1,36 0,16 1,77 0,18 2,24 0,20 2,76 0,22 3,31 0,27 4,56 0,31 5,97 0,36 7,54 0,40 9,27 0,45 11,14 0,67 22,66 0,90 37,48 1,12 55,39 1,35 76,21 1,57 99,80 1,80 126,08 2,02 167,32 2,25 201,76 2,70 280,30 3,15 371,71 3,60 476,01 4,05 593,17 4,50 723,26 4,95 866,20

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-

-

0,10 0,61 0,11 0,77 0,13 0,95 0,14 1,14 0,17 1,57 0,20 2,05 0,23 2,59 0,26 3,19 0,29 3,83 0,43 7,79 0,57 12,88 0,72 19,04 0,86 26,19 1,00 34,31 1,15 43,34 1,29 53,26 1,43 64,04 1,72 96,05 2,01 125,74 2,30 159,43 2,58 197,11 2,87 238,78 3,16 284,45 3,44 334,11 3,73 387,76 4,02 445,41 4,30 507,05 4,59 572,68 4,88 642,30

0,11 0,52 0,13 0,68 0,14 0,86 0,16 1,06 0,18 1,27 0,27 2,58 0,36 4,27 0,45 6,31 0,54 8,68 0,63 11,37 0,72 14,36 0,81 17,65 0,90 21,22 1,08 29,20 1,26 42,91 1,44 53,62 1,62 65,52 1,80 78,60 1,98 92,88 2,16 108,35 2,34 125,01 2,52 142,85 2,70 161,90 2,88 182,13 3,06 203,55 3,24 226,16

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Table 5.13 - Distributed pressure losses values in PN 25 Alfaidro pipes at 60째C Nominal diameter (mm) 20

PN 25 60 째C

25

4,1

5,1 14,8

q

4,20 4,40 4,60 4,80 5,00 5,20 5,40 5,60

6,5

8,1 23,8

50

63

10,1

12,7

29,8

37,6

-3

r=983,2 kg/m

q = Flow rate (l/sec) v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J v J

19,0 3

e=0,007 mm

4,00

40

Inside diameter (mm) 11,8

3,80

32

Wall thickness (mm)

m=0,462 x 10 kg/m s

J = Pressure loss (mm/m)

V = Speed (m/s)

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

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3,42 249,96 3,60 274,96 3,78 301,14 3,96 328,52 4,14 357,08 4,33 386,34 4,51 417,79 4,69 449,93 4,87 483,26 5,05 517,78

39

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION 5.3.2 Localised pressure losses

The localised pressure losses can be expressed by the following formula: æ

2

ö

Jl = å çz × r × v ÷ » 5 × 104 × å ( z × v 2) ç 2g ÷ø è wherein: Jl

localised pressure loss, in millimetres;

z

cofficient of localised resistance ;

r, v and g have been defined already (part 5.3.1.)

The cofficients of localised resistance z are connected to the type of fitting and they are obtained from practical experience The z values of Alfaidro fittings are shown in table 5.14.

The sum of localised and distributed pressure losses provides the total values of pressure losses:

J = Jd· l + Jl wherein: J

total pressure loss, in millimetres ;

l

pipe length, in metres;

Table 5.14 Coefficient of localised resistance values

Fitting

Description

Notes

Symbol

Coefficient

z

All dimensions

0,25

dione unadimensions dimensione

0,30

two dimensions

0,50

three dimensions

0,55

> of three dimensions

0,85

90° elbow

All dimensions

0,90

45° elbow

All dimensions

0,40

Direct passage

0,50

Branch

1,20

Coupling

Reducing coupling Riduzione

Tee

40

Junction

0,80

Convergent flow

3,00

Divergent flow

1,80

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

Fitting

Description

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Notes

Symbol

Coefficient

z

All dimensions

The value of z is the sum of the coefficients of resistance of the tee and the reduction

Branch

2,10

Junction

3,70

Female threaded adaptor

All dimensions

0,40

Male threaded adaptor

All dimensions

0,50

90° female threaded elbow

All dimensions

90° male threaded elbow

All dimensions

1,60

Female threaded tee

All dimensions

1,50

Male threaded tee

All dimensions

1,80

Reducing tee

Cross

Ø 20 Stop cock

Ball valve

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1,40

13,00

Ø 25

11,00

All dimensions

0,25

41

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.4 Thermal expansion Thermal expansion is the dimensional change of a body owing to an increase or fall of temperature. The expansion occurs in the molecules: the heat sets the molecules in motion increasing their kinetic energy and causing the body expansion.

When the expansion occurs in one direction only, it is called linear thermal expansion, when it occurs in all directions it is called cubic thermal expansion.

The linear expansion fundamentally occurs in piping systems since length is the prevalent dimension. This phenomenon has to be taken into account during the installation of pipelines conveying hot water, passing outside or going through areas subjected to a temperature range such as to alter the material.

The variation in length of Alfaidro pipes due to variation in temperature is obtained by the following formula:

Dl = a × l × Dt wherein: Dl

variation in length of the pipe, in millimetres;

a

coefficient of linear thermal expansion, for Alfaidro pipes is 1.5 · 10-4 K-1, i.e. 0.16 mm/m °C;

l

length of the pipe section subjected to expansion, in metres;

Dt

difference between the ambient and the water temperature, in °C.

EXAMPLE

the open

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

2

1

Consider 100 m of Alfaidro pipe to be laid into

3

Pipe length l in m 100 90

and assume that the extreme

80

The pipe can undergo the following length variation: at -5 °C the pipe shrinkage will be equal to: Dl1 = 0.16 • 100

•

(-5 - 15) = -320 mm;

at +30°C the pipe shrinkage will be equal to:

Temperature

+ 30 °C and the laying temperature is +15 °C.

t in °C

achievable temperatures range over -5 °C and

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10

Dl2 = 0.16 • 100 • (30 - 15) = 240 mm

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Length variation

90

100 110 120 130 140 150 160

l in mm

Figure 5.7 - Thermal expansion of PPR pipes l can be quickly calculated using the diagram shown in figure 5.7.

The previous example shows how the dimensional variations are quite considerable even in normal operating conditions; for this reason it is important to limit the length of pipe into the open.

It is possible to avoid this phenomenon using the following structures: - fixed and sliding points; - compensating structures: curve arms and compensating rings.

42

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.4.1. Fixed and sliding points Fixed and sliding points are obtained by metal collars, firmly anchored to the wall; they clamp the pipe blocking it or allowing it to slide. The collars are covered by rubber material or similar in order to protect the pipe surface from notching.

Fixed points prevent the pipe from moving and are used to section the system, decreasing the Dl value. The maximum distance between fixed points is 3-4 mt in linear installations, while in risers they are set by the changes of direction, such as elbows, in order to prevent expansion from exerting its force on these points.

ø

FP

Figure 5.8 - Fixed point example Sliding points are used to line up the installation, allowing the axial sliding of the pipes. They are to be positioned, both in vertical and in horizontal position, by a free length of pipe so as to allow it to slide. The sliding points, when put in sufficient quantity, also act as support assuring the conservation of the system rectilinear structure, even if undergoing thermal stress.

Axial sliding ø

SP Figure 5.9 - Sliding point example

An excessive distance between the points can cause the deformation of the cross section: for this reason the maximum distance should not exceed 2,6 m.

The following table is a practical guide to localise the sliding points.

Table 5.15 - Support distance in cm Pipe outside diameter mm

20 °C

30 °C

40 °C

50 °C

60 °C

70 °C

80 °C

20

80

75

70

70

65

60

60

25

85

85

85

80

75

75

70

32

100

95

90

85

80

75

70

40

110

110

105

100

95

90

85

50

125

120

115

110

105

100

90

63

140

135

130

125

120

115

105

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Temperature

43

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION 5.4.2 Compensating structures in free installations

ø

ø

Using these structures (fig. 5.11), the expansion is totally absorbed by

ø

11 0

300

90

Length variation Dl in mm

5.4.2.1 Curve arms

75

ø

the course of the pipeline. Curve arms are to be positioned by the

ø 250

system direction changes (elbows, tees, etc.) putting a fixed or sliding

the following formula:

l s= C

×

d × Dl

wherein: ls

arm length, in millimetres;

C

material factor of proportionality. Table 5.16 shows the C

ø

Curve arm length ls in cm

point just after the curve at a distance ls that can be worked out using

63

ø

50 40

32

200

5 ø2 0 ø2 150

100

values experimentally obtained in case of a single rise of 50

temperature (constant temperature) and in case of cyclic variation. d

pipe outside diameter, in millimetres;

Dl

pipe length variation from the fixed point, in millimetres.

0 0

Figure 5.10 shows the diagram to calculate the arm length graphically

50

100

150

Fig.5.10 - Diagram for determination of the curve arm length

for a single temperature variation from 20 to 35 °C (C=30).

l1 lS2

Dl Dl

Table 5.16 - Proportionality factor C of PPR

Temperature variation from 20 °C to 0 °C

10 °C

30 °C

40 °C

60 °C

31

40

20

24

FP

SP

lS1

SINGLE

23

25

29

l2 SP

CYCLIC

18

20

18

Fig.5.11 - Curve arm

example

FP

5.4.2.2 Compensating rings When the variation in length cannot be compensated by a change in pipe direction, compensating rings must be used. They work as a double curve arm and are usually installed between two fixed points (Fig. 5.12). A compensating ring is made of four 90° elbows together with the necessary pipe; the length ls is calculated according to the formula mentioned for curve arms, while the width lc can be worked out using the following Dl Dl

lc

=

2·Dl·Ds

l1

lC

formula:

FP

DS

SP

SP

FP

lS1

wherein:

lc compensating ring width, in millimetres ;

Dl Dl

FP

Dl pipe length variation, in millimetres; Ds safety distance, a constant independent from the thickness: PPR value is 150 mm.

44

Fig.5.12 Compensating ring example

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.4.2.3 Graphical examples of fixed and sliding points in free installations

ls5 SP

ls2 SP SP SP

SP

l2

ls4

SP

l5

ls1

SP SP

l4

l1

SP

SP

SP

ls3

SP

l3 SP

FP

SP

FP

ls1

l1 SP

SP

l2

SP SP

Fig. 5.13 - Fixed point at the riser basis (favourable

SP

ls2

position for two-floor maximum height)

SP Fig.

5.14

-

Fixed

point

at

the

SP riser

centre

(favourable position for multi-floor installations)

l1

FP

l2

SP

SP

FP

SP

ls2

ls1

FP FP SP

Fig.5.15 - Compensating ring and curve arm in linear installation.

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45

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION 5.4.3 Compensating structure in chase pipes installations

It is possible to disregard the thermal expansion occurring in this kind of installations as long as the pipes are free to expand in consequence of variations of temperature. PPR pipes should be located inside high density polyethylene pipes or insulating materials in order to prevent the concrete and coating load from tensioning the pipe wall; it is not necessary to use these materials for fittings. The concrete or coating thickness should be at least 3-4 cm to avoid or decrease condensate (see part 5.5).

5.4.3.1 Graphical examples of fixed and sliding points in chase pipes installations

Fig. 5.16: If the length of the rectilinear pipe is more

Fig. 5.17: If the pipe buried in the concrete is such as to

than 8 metres and high temperature changes are

create a fixed point, the distance between the riser and

expected

the fixed point has to do as curve arm whose length is

in

this

section,

compensating

rings

are

calculated by the formula shown at 5.4.2.

necessary.

PF

ls

4째 Floor

3째 Floor

Fig. 5.18:

Fig. 5.19:

If the offtake of a riser

Should it not be possible to

goes through a wall, the

make a hole, a fixed point

hole on the wall has to be

must be placed in the riser

so as to allow the riser to

by the offtake.

expand

2째 Floor

without

tensioning the offtake.

PF

1째 Floor

Ground floor

46

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.5. Insulation and condensate For hot water piping systems, the DPR no. 412 dated 26th August 1993, provides the insulating conditions in relation to the conductivity coefficient and the pipe diameter. For cold water piping systems, Alfaidro pipes and fittings can be chased and no insulation is required.

In particular, if the difference between the fluid temperature and the ambient temperature is above the values shown in table 5.17, condensate is produced and consequently the pipe has to be insulated. Below these values, insulation is not necessary.

Table 5.17 - Condensate temperatures

Pipe diameter mm

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

Temperature difference 째C

7,2 7,4 8,0 8,2 10,0 10,2 10,4 10,6 10,8

Values referred to PN20 pipe

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47

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5.6 Jointing methods 5.6.1 Jointing by welding The jointing methods of Alfaidro are simple and quick; there are three types: socket welding, butt welding and electrofusion.

Instructions to carry out a correct welding will follow. Reference is made to the draft standard issued by UNI about the welding methods.

5.6.1.1 Socket welding This technique is carried out by heating the outside pipe surface and the inside fitting surface simultaneously on the matrix of an heating element: the welding tool. When the welding temperature is reached, the two pieces are moved away from the heating source and inserted one into the other up to the predetermined depth. A watertight assembling is made.

There are two kinds of welding tools: manual welding tool, it is only used to weld elements of diameter, dn, minor or equal to 50 mm; bench-type welding tool, it is recommended to obtain welding up to dn 125 mm with the minimum physical strain and the maximum security.

Table 5.18 - Inserting depth Preliminary operations 1. Using the shear (cod. 00TTS40) or the pipe cutter (00TAT), cut the pipe perpendicularly to its axis (fig. 5.20); 2. mark the inserting depth on the pipe, as shown in table 5.18, using a suitable pen which does not nick the pipe surface (Fig. 5.21);

Figure 5.20

Pipe diameter dn (mm)

Inserting depth li (mm)

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

14 15 17 18 20 26 29 32 35

Figure 5.21

3. fix the proper matrix on the welding tool and wait for the welding temperature to be reached . The optimum temperature is 260 ¹ 10 °C. Follow operating instructions carefully.

4. Use alcohol and a clean paper towel to thoroughly clean the outside and inside surface of the pipe and fitting to remove dust and dirt.

48

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Welding by manual welding tool Phase 1. After checking that the heating elements have reached the required temperature (260 °C ± 10 °C), simultaneously push the pipe into the female matrix up to the mark and the fitting into the male matrix up to the beat avoiding rotating them. Hold the two elements firmly on the matrix for all the heating time long, t1, as shown in table 5.19; Phase 2. after the heating and within the recommended time t2, extract the two elements from the matrix and joint gradually the pipe to the fitting avoiding rotating them and respecting the insertion depth; Phase 3. hold the two elements firmly all the welding time long, t3, as shown in table 5.19; Phase 4. let the weld elements cool at ambient temperature all the cooling time long, t4 (never plunge into water or forcedly cool them). The weld joint can be mechanically stressed only after the cooling time.

After each welding operation, thoroughly clean the matrix.

Figure 5.22

Figure 5.23

Table 5.19 - Heating, welding and cooling times

d n (mm)

Heating time for PN10 and PN20 t 1 (sec)

20

5

25

7

32

8

40

12

50

18

63

24

75

30

90

40

110

50

Pipe diameter

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Removing and inserting time

t 2 (sec)

4

Welding time

t 3 (sec) 6

Cooling time

t4 (min)

2

10 6

8

20

30

4

6

40 10

50

8

49

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

Welding by bench-type welding tool Phase 1. Fix the elements to weld into the machine cheeks and adjust the inserting depth. After reaching the welding temperature, insert the pipe into the female matrix and the fitting into the male one (fig. 5.25). Hold the two elements firmly in this position all the heating time long, t1, as shown in table 5.19.

Phase 2. After the heating time, move away the heating element and gradually insert the pipe into the fitting, within the time t2 (fig. 5.26).

Phase 3. Hold the two elements firmly all the welding time long, t3, as shown in table 5.19.

Phase 4. After the welding, release the cheeks, remove the weld elements and let them cool at ambient temperature all the cooling time long, t4. The weld joint can be mechanically stressed only after the cooling time.

Figure 5.25

Figure 5.24

Welding check Once the welding operation is complete, the joint has to be subjected to a visual check in order to make sure that it has the following characteristics:

Figure 5.26

- the bead has to be visible and homogeneous along the external surface; - the pipe and the fitting have to be perfectly in line; - the joint surface should not present weldless parts; - the insertion of the pipe into the fitting has to be up to the marking line.

If irregularities are noticed, it is necessary to weld two new elements.

Precautions for fusion welding - Never heat the pieces twice - Make the welding at an ambient temperature between +5 째C and +40 째C. - Protect the welding area from rain, wind, damp, strong solar radiation, etc.

- During the insertion, do not exceed the fitting beat in order to avoid the reduction of the pipe section.

- It is essential to let the weld elements cool at ambient temperature: a forced cooling, for example by water, might cause internal stresses compromising the welding resistance.

50

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.6.1.2 Butt Welding The welding is carried out by simultaneously heating the side surfaces of two elements (pipes and/or fittings) with the same diameter; when the heating temperature is reached, the two pieces moved away from the heat source are joint by pressing them.

Preliminary operations - Thoroughly clean with a suitable detergent (isopropyl alcohol, methylene chloride) and a clean towel the outside and inside surface of the pipe and fitting in order to remove possible dust and dirt; - Fix the elements to weld into the machine cheeks, mill the ends to make them parallel and remove oxide. Follow the operating instructions carefully.

- Remove the chips using a brush or a clean towel. Avoid any contact with the surface to weld - Put the surfaces into contact and check that: 1. the circumference misalignment is less than 10% of the elements thickness and anyway not exceeding 2 mm; on the contrary, repeat the blocking and milling operations; 2. the light between the two ends is to stay below the values shown in table 5.20; on the contrary repeat the blocking and milling operations.

Table 5.20 - Maximum light values after milling Outside diameter de (mm)

Maximum light (mm)

de < 200

0,3

200 <de< 400

0,5

- Using the manometer supplied with the welding tool, gauge the necessary entrainment pressure Pt to make the machine support move: this value should not exceed the pressure P1 (phase 1) and P5 (phase 5) values listed in the machine technical data sheets.

- Clean the surfaces to weld again, if necessary.

Welding parameters selection The temperature is to be of 210 °C ± 10 °C - The P1 and P5 value is to be such that the sum of (P1 + Pt) and (P5 + Pt), corresponding to the pressure applied to the surfaces in contact during the phases 1 and 5, is equal to 0.10 N/mm2.

- P1 and P5 depend on the welding tool type and can be worked out from the machine technical data sheet, whereas Pt is gauged experimentally.

- The P2 value (phase 2) has to be such as to grant the contact between the surfaces and not to exceed 0.01 N/mm2.

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51

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION Welding operation

Phase 1: Fix the thermoelement on the machine, approach the parts to weld to it and press them (P1 + Pt =0.10 N/mm2) for a time t1 sufficient to make a bead of height h, as required in UNI draft standard and shown in the following table 5.21.

Table 5.21 - Welding parameters (draft standard UNI)

Phase 1 Wall thickness

(P1+Pt) = 0.10 N/mm2

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

P2 = 0.01 N/mm2

Phase 5

(P5+Pt) = 0.1 N/mm2

t3 max (sec)

Reaching of welding pressure time t4 (sec)

t5 minimum (sec)

60-135

4-5

5-6

3-6

0.5

135-175

5-6

6-7

6-12

7.0-12.0

1.0

175-245

6-7

7-11

12-20

12.0-19.0

1.0

245-330

7-9

11-17

20-30

19.0-26.0

1.5

330-400

9-11

17-22

30-40

Height of the bead h minimum

Removal time

(mm)

Heating time t2 (sec)

2.0-4.5

0.5

4.5-7.0

(mm)

Welding time

2 Phase 2: Once the bead is made, stop pressing the surfaces against the thermoelement up to the value P2=0.01 N/mm and

keep them in contact for a time t2 as shown in the table above; Phase 3: Passed the heating time, move the thermoelement away and put the surfaces in contact within the time t3 (table 5.21); 2 Phase 4: Keep pressing up to P5 + Pt, =0.10 N/mm within the time t4; keep pressing gradually so as to avoid an excessive

coming out of the surfaces material; Phase 5: Keep the surfaces in contact for the time t5; Phase 6: After the welding phase, move the joint away from the machine and let it cool down at ambient temperature avoiding any kind of stress.

Figure 5.27

52

Figure 5.28

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Welding check After the welding operations, the joint has to present the following characteristics:

e>0

- the bead has to be uniform all along the welding; - the notch between the beads has to stay over the outside diameter of the joint: e>0 (fig. 5.29); - the bead outside surface has to be free from porosity, dust or any other contamination; - no superficial cracks.

Figure 5.29 Precautions for butt-welding - carry out the welding operations at an ambient temperature of +5 and + 40째 C; - protect the area to weld from rain, wind, humidity and direct sunlight; - do not force the cooling down using water, compressed air or other methods.

5.6.1.3 Electro-fusion welding This technique is generally used to repair or weld during the installation.

The electric resistance inserted into the fitting body is connected to the electro-fusion tool by means of two thermal pins.

The heat generated by the current flowing through the resistance is sufficient to create the fusion between the sleeve and the pipe.

Welding by the electro-fusion tool Operate as follows: - Cut the pipe perpendicularly to its axis using the proper shear.

- Clean the pipe surface and use the scraper supplied with the welding tool to scrape the welding area, then smooth the pipe to remove the chips.

During this and the following operations, avoid to touch the welding area.

The insertion depth has to be of 0,1/0,2 mm. Never use abrasive paper nor emery cloth because they could contaminate the pipe surface and compromise the welding: - Insert the parts to weld into the sleeve up to the beat.

- Insert the welding pins into the sleeve, avoiding the cable weight to rest on the joint.

Figure 5.30

- Start the welding tool following the manufacturer's instructions - During the welding process and the following cooling phase, any stress on the pipes has to be avoided.

- Wait at least one hour after the welding operation before exerting any pressure on the installation.

If the same sleeve has to be subjected to more than one welding cycle, it is necessary to wait for the complete cooling between one cycle and another.

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53

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION Welding check

After the welding operations, the joint has to be subjected to a visual check in order to make sure that it has the following characteristics: - the pipe and the fitting have to be perfectly in line; - neither melted material nor the resistance should come out.

Precautions for electro-fusion welding Make the welding at an ambient temperature of +5 up to +40 째C in a dry place and repaired from air.

Never use other sources (welding torch, burners, etc) to heat the elements.

Do not force the cooling down in any way.

5.6.1.4. Hole repair If an Alfaidro pipe is accidentally perforated, it is possible to repair it using a special tool to be fixed on the welding tool and a special repairing patch supplied with the tool.

Operate as follows: - thoroughly clean the surfaces to repair; - adjust the clamping screw according to the pipe thickness and

Figure 5.31

avoid the male die touching the opposite side of the pipe; - simultaneously insert the male matrix into the hole to repair and the patch into the female matrix (fig. 5.8); - after the heating time (5 seconds), remove the two elements from the matrix and insert the patch into the hole; - let the welding cool and cut the patch part protruding out of the pipe.

N.B. If the pipe hole is larger than the matrix or it passes through one side to the other , cut the damaged length and repair the pipe

Figure 5.32

using a common fitting or an electric sleeve.

Plastica Alfa cannot be held responsible for damages due to operations carried out disregarding the instructions or due to the use of not suitable tools.

Figure 5.33

54

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CATALOGO TECNICO ALFAIDRO

5.6.2

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

Jointing By Threaded Fittings

The Alfaidro system includes fittings with conic threaded insert (UNI ISO 7/1) that can be assemblied to the metal parts possibly present in the system. Make sure that the thread size to be joined to our fitting complies with the above mentioned standard.

In order to grant a correct seal, teflon or liquid dopes can be used; do not use hemp because the increased thickness can damage the thread.

Teflon is to be wrapped around the male thread clockwise, whereas the liquid dope has to be uniformly distributed on the thread.

5.6.3 Jointing by flanges The Alfaidro range includes also flanged fittings that allow a direct connection to systems and devices, such as pumps, generally supplied with flanged connections. Like Alfarapid, flanged joints are recommended for plastic piping systems that require periodic pipe

dismantling.

Insert the flange into the flange neck, then weld the flange neck to

gasket

the pipe (par. 5.6.1) and join the other flange as follows: - make sure that all the bolt holes of the matching flanges match

joint

up and insert all bolts.

- make sure that the faces of the mating flanges are not separated by excessive distance prior to bolting down the flanges.

Figure 5.34

- tighten the bolts by pulling down the nuts diametrically opposite each other using a torque wrench so as to apply uniform stress across the flange.

5.6.4 Jointing by ALFARAPID system The Alfaidro system is unique because the range includes the Alfarapid joints and fittings. They are characterised by a special seal and can be assemblied to grooved pipelines. The assembly is extremely easy: you need only to position the special seal between the elements to join, insert the clamp and screw the bolts.

Figure 5.35

5.7 Testing of the system Once the system is installed, it is necessary to test it as prescribed by the standard UNI 9182 par. 27.

The system test comprises inspections to be carried out during the pipe laying on the parts that will become unaccessible and final tests and inspections once the system is installed.

5.7.1 Cold hydraulic test It aims to test the system against any leakage due to accidental breaks. At first a visual inspection is carried out to verify the correct assembly of pipes and fittings; subsequently but before assemblying the valves and burying the pipes, bleed the system and supply water at ambient temperature keeping the pressure at least 1,5 times the maximum working pressure (minimum 6 bar) for 4 hours running. At the end of the test, the pressure drop has not to exceed 0,3 bar. The test can be carried out for each sector of the system.

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55

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5.7.2 Heat hydraulic test It is useful to check the thermal expansion effects and it is carried out on centralized systems for hot water. The test is carried out starting the system for 2 hours at least at the working pressure and the temperature should be 10 째C higher than the maximum working temperature. A visual inspection is carried out to check eventual leakage and the free sliding of the pipes mostly by the passages through the walls with no damage.

5.7.3 Water circulation and hot water insulation test to null distribution It aims to check the right functioning of the hot water system and the pipe insulation efficiency. This test is preferably to be carried our during the coldest period of the year and consists in comparing the temperature coming out from the hot water makeready system to that delivered from the farest branch ; the temperature difference is to be less than or equal to 2 째C. 5.7.4 Cold water supply test This test aims to examine the pressure losses and consists in opening all the supply units for 30 minutes running at least and checking that the flow rate of each unit is equal to that calculated during the design phase with a tolerance of 10%.

5.7.5 Hot water supply test The test consists in opening all the supply units except one for 60 minutes running at least and checking that the hot water from each unit, opened in succession, is supplied at a flow rate equal to that calculated during the design phase with a tolerance of 10% and at the set temperature after 1,5 lt with a tolerance of 1 째C. and checking that the flow rate of each unit is equal to that calculated during the design phase with a tolerance of 10%.

5.7.6 Hot water supply capacity test The test consists in opening all the supply units for 120 minutes running and checking that the hot water from each unit is supplied uninterruptedly for the whole period at the flow and temperature explained at the previous paragraph.

5.7.7 Soundproofing test Although the Alfaidro pipes and fittings are characterized by high soundproofing, it is necessary to check the noise produced by the discharges (generally in PVC).

The noise meters characteristics have to comply with those provided for precision noise meters by IEC, standard 651 type 1 or AINSI, S1.4/1971 type 1. The noise measuring is carried out positioning the microphone in the mostly used areas at 1 mt from the wall and 1,2 mt from the floor. In order to reduce or avoid the noise caused by stationary waves, it is recommended to make three surveys rotating the microphone on circle archs of 0,5 mt in both directions. The noise level has not to exceed the following values :

Table 5.22 - Limit values of the noise level

56

Ground noise level dB (A)

Right maximum admissible noise level dB (A)

20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65

30 32.5 34.5 38.7 42.9 47 51.7 56.3 60.8 65

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

if the noise occurs at daytime only and the duration is reduced, the following corrections are admissible :

Table 5.23 - Limit values correction Noise duration during daytime min

Limits correction dB (A)

< 120 < 60 < 30

+2 +3 +4

5.7.8 Declaration of conformity At the time of provisional delivery, the installer has to declare, under his own responsibility, to have disinfected the drinking water system before starting it as provided in the standard UNI 9182.

After the test operations are completed, the inspector has to issue a declaration of conformity of the system.

5.8 Instructions and warnings Following are given some suggestions to use Alfaidro pipes and fittings at their best.

Transportation, storage and installation. Try not to subject pipes and fittings to violent impacts, especially if the working temperature is around 0 °C; it is also recommended to store the pipes in heated areas since the material becomes more rigid at low temperatures and the resistance to external stresses is reduced. Store the pipes in piles max.

1.5 mt high. The contact with sharp objects (like brick scabbling) must be avoided. In any case, discharge the damaged pipe length.

Exposure to UV radiation. It is recommended not to install or store the pipes in the direct UV rays since they trigger chemical reactions in PPR causing a premature ageing; it follows a worsening of the material physical, mechanical and chemical properties.

Exposure to low temperatures. It is recommended to drain the line when the water is expected to freeze, since the water increase in volume might break the pipe.

Bending. Cold bending may be used when the bending radius is at least 8 times bigger than the pipe diameter, while for smaller bends it is necessary to heat the section using a blower of hot air.

NEVER USE THE FLAME!!

Bridging curves. In case of pipe overlap use the bridging curves provided for Alfaidro.

Threaded joints. Do not use fittings having tapered thread with fittings having cylindrical thread. To assure a good seal, wrap up with teflon or liquid dope, never use hemp.

Operating conditions. It is essential not to exceed the extreme operating conditions of Alfaidro pipes and fittings, otherwise the system life might be compromised. For this purpose, it is recommended to read the section 5.1. of this catalogue “Operating conditions”.

Plastica Alfa declines any liability for damages caused by the non-observance of the instructions shown above.

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57

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

5. DESIGN AND INSTALLATION

5.9 Laying examples

Fig. 5.37 Approximate example of distributing system in a private house.

1 1 8 To user

1

1

1

1

5 4 3

1 6

1

WATER TANK

5

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

2

Ball valve Backflow prevention device Filter Pressure reducer Check valve Electropump Float valve

Fig. 5.37 Approximate example of autoclave.

58

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS 6.1 Sizes and dimensions The Alfaidro pipes are manufactured in five pressure classes (PN) differing for the thickness value as shown in table 6.1.

The pipe dimensions comply with the standard UNI EN ISO 15874-2 and DIN 8077

Table 6.1 Dimensional characteristics of Alfaidro pipes Outside diameter

t mm

Toll. mm

Wt kg/m

t mm

Toll. mm

Wt kg/m

t mm

Toll. mm

Wt kg/m

t mm

20

3.4

25

4.2

32

5.4

40

6.7

50

8.3

63

10.5

75

12.5

90

15.0

110

18.4

Toll. mm

0 +1.6 0 +2.0

Wt kg/m

t mm

Toll. mm

Wt kg/m

5.01

125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315

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59

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

The Alfaidro fittings belong to pressure class PN 25 and comply with the standard UNI EN ISO 15874-3 and DIN 16962.

Table 6.2 Dimensional characteristics of Alfaidro fittings FEMALE FITTING Nominal diameter dn (mm)

Mean inside diameter at the mouth

Maximum out of roundness

Minimum wall thickness

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

(mm)

20

19.35 ± 0.15

0.4

4.1

14.5

25

24.35 ± 0.15

0.4

5.1

16.0

32

31.3 ± 0.2

0.5

6.5

18.1

40

39.2 ± 0.20

0.5

8.1

20.5

50

49.15 ± 0,25

0.6

10.1

23.5

63

62.2 ± 0.30

0.6

12.7

27.4

75

74.6 ± 0.30

1.0

15.1

31.0

90

89.6 ± 0.30

1.0

18.1

35.5

110

109.7 ± 0.30

1.0

22.1

41.5

Minimum length

MALE FITTINGS

60

Nominal diameter dn (mm)

Mean outside diameter (mm)

Maximum out of roundness (mm)

Minimum length (mm)

20

20.15 ± 0.15

4.1

14.5

25

25.15 ± 0.15

5.1

16.0

32

32.15 ± 0.15

6.5

18.1

40

40.20 ± 0.20

8.1

20.5

50

50.25 ± 0.25

10.1

23.5

63

63.30 ± 0.30

12.7

27.4

75

75.35 ± 0.35

15.1

31.0

90

90.45 ± 0.45

18.1

35.5

110

110.50 ± 0.50

22.1

41.5

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6.2 Alfaidro pipes and fittings PN 4 pipe

PN 6 pipe

Tubo pn 4

Tubo PN 6

PN 10 pipe Tubo PN 10

04TA D

06TA D

s

10TA D

s

s

D

s

D

s

D

s

225 250 280 315

8.6 9.6 10.7 12.1

110 125 140 160 180 200 250 280 315

6.3 7.1 8.0 9.1 10.2 11.4 14.2 15.9 19.9

32 40 50 63 75 90 110 125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315

3 3.7 4.6 5.8 6.9 8.2 10.0 11.4 12.7 14.6 16.4 18.2 20.5 22.7 25.4 28.6

PN 20 pipe

PN 25 pipe

PN 20 swan neck

Tubo PN 20

Tubo PN 25

Tubo di sorpasso PN20 25TA

00TA D

D

s

00SO L

s

s D h

D

s

D

s

D

s

h

L

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

3.4 4.2 5.4 6.7 8.4 10.5 12.5 15.0

20 25 32 40 50 63

4.0 5.0 6.4 8.0 10.0 12.6

20 25 32

3.5 4.0 5.5

20.5 25.0 32.5

6.3 7.1 8.0

PN 25 swan neck Tubo di sorpasso PN25 25SO L s D h

D

s

h

L

20 25 32

4.0 5.0 6.5

20.5 25.0 32.5

6.5 7.0 8.0

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61

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS M - F reducing bush

Socket Manicotto

F - F reducing bush

Riduzione M-F

Riduzione F-F

13MA

13RM

13RF

L

L

d

d

D

d1

d

L

d

L

D-d

L

d - d1

L

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

39 43.5 47.5 49.5 56.5 65 76.5 90 113.5

25-20 32-20 32-25 40-25 40-32 50-32 50-40 63-32 63-40 63-50 75-50 75-63 90-63 90-75 110-75 110-90

41 43 47 46 49 60 52 63.5 60.5 58 61 66 84.5 84.5 101.5 101.5

25-20 32-20 32-25 40-25 40-32 50-32 50-40 63-32 63-40 63-50 75-50 75-63 90-63 90-75 110-75 110-90

42 43 45.5 43 48 61 55 66 59.5 60 76 76 84.5 84.5 101.5 101.5

Butt welding socket

90째 F-F elbow

Riduzione (fusione di testa)

Gomito a 90째 F-F

Art. 13MA 13RF

90째 Butt welding elbow 16GO

Gomito a 90째 (fusione di testa) 16GO

D

D2

D1

L L

d

L

D1-D2 125-90 125-110 140-90 140-110 140-125 160-90 160-110 160-125 160-140 180-160 200-160 200-180 225-160 225-180 225-200 250-200 250-225 280-250 315-250 315-280

62

Z

L

d

L

D

r

L

100 113 70 50 124 130 130 135 135 80 155 80 174 80 168 80 85 85 85 80

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

29.5 35 40 45 50 60 73 93 110

125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280

125 140 160 180 200 225 240 270

135 150 166 184 208 235 258 288

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

90째 M-F elbow

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Tee

45째 elbow

Derivazione a T

Gomito a 45째

Gomito a 90째 M-F 16GP

16GM

14TE

L2

L1 D

d L1

L L

d

d

d

D

L1

L2

d

L

d

L

L1

20 25 32

20 25 32

29 35 40

32.5 38 43

20 25 32 40

23 30 34 37

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

59 70 79 89 101 122 145 188 220

29.5 35 39.5 44.5 50.5 61 72.5 94 110

Butt welding tee

Butt welding reducing tee

Reducing tee

Tee (fusione di testa)

Tee ridotta (fusione di testa)

Derivazione a T ridotta 14TE

14TR

14TR D1

d1

L1

L1

L1

D

d

L

L

D

L

L1

dxd1xd

L

125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315

269 400 350 436 393 442 442 525 548

135 195 175 218 197 220 220 262 270

25x20x25 32x20x32 32x25x32 40x20x40 40x25x40 40x32x40 50x25x50 50x32x50 50x40x50 63x25x63 63x32x63 63x40x63 63x50x63 75x50x75 75x63x75 90x50x90 90x63x90 90x75x90 110x50x110 110x63x110 110x75x110 110x90x110

70 79 79 89 89 89 101 101 101 122 122 122 122 145 145 188 188 188 220 220 220 220

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D

d

L

L1 35 39.5 39.5 44.5 44.5 44.5 50.5 50.5 50.5 61 61 61 61 72.5 72.5 94 94 94 110 110 110 110

D

D1

L

L1

160 200 225

110 160 160

335 390 440

145 185 205

63

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS Cap

Cross Croce

Butt welding cap Calotta (fusione di testa)

Calotta

16CA

16CA

14CR

L

L

D

d

d

L1 L

d

L

d1

L

D

L

L1

20 25 32 40

58.5 68.5 78.5 94

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90 110

25.5 27.5 31 30.5 38 43.5 48 54 60

125 140 160 180 200 225

95 102 114 126 135 145

61 69 76 86 95 106

Flange neck

Backing ring

Colletto per flangia

Flangia libera

Blind flange Flangia cieca 00FL

13CPF L

13CPC

h1

h2

d1

f

E a

S

D2

D1 D

a

S

E

D

D1

D2

L

h1

h2

63 75 90 110 125 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315

75 89 105 122 131 151 169 180 224 228 250 280 315

102 122 136 157 157 188 222 210 268 268 285 291 335

55 61 93 97 90 102 106 80 124 120 80 80 85

14 17 18 19 25 25 26 18 33 33 35 35 35

14 29 33 38 41 43 48 32 56 61 15 15 15

dn

d1

s

63 78 18 75 92 18 90 18 108 18 110 128 18 125 135 24 140 158 24 160 178 24 200 235 24 225 238 30 250 287 30 280 308 34 315 337 U = number of holes

f

a

f

E

U

dn

s

a

f

E

U

125 145 160 180 180 210 240 295 295 350 350 400

18 18 18 18 18 24 24 24 24 22 22 22

165 185 200 220 220 250 285 340 340 395 395 400

4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8 12 12 12

63 75 90 110 125 140 160 200 225

18 18 18 18 18 24 24 24 24

125 145 160 180 180 210 240 295 295

18 18 18 18 18 24 24 24 24

165 185 200 220 220 250 285 340 340

4 4 4 8 8 8 8 8 8

Pipe union

Extended plug

Bocchettone a tre pezzi

Tappo di chiusura prolungato

Plug Tappo di chiusura 16TL

13BTP L

d

U = number of holes

16TA L

L

d

H

G D

G

64

d

L

G

D

L

G

L

H

20

57

1/2” 3/4”

31.5 35

70 72.5

1/2” 3/4” 1” 1”1/4 1”1/2 2” 2”1/2

25 31 38 48 53.5 64 80

25 26.5 32 34.5 34.5 41 44

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Pipe clip

Electric socket

Male adaptor male thread

Gancetto portatubo

Manicotto elettrico

Adattatore maschio

13ME

filettato maschio

00GAN

13MN

D

L

h

D1 D

d D

G

H

L

L1

L

d

D

L

H

d

L

h

DxG

D1

L1

L

20 25 32 40 50 63

34 40 47.5 57.5 69 85

55.5 55.5 53 53 53 63.5

34 37 40.5 44.5 50 57

20 25 32 40 50 63

25 31 39 49 61 75

22 26 30 33 41 47

20x1/2” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x3/4” 32x1”

35 35 43 43 52.5

40.5 42.5 45 46.5 50.5

55 57.5 60 62.5 68.5

Male adaptor female thread

Female adaptor male thread

Male adaptor female thread

Adattatore maschio

Adattatore Femmina

Adattatore Femmina

filettato femmina

filettato maschio

13MF

filettato femmina

13FF

13MF L

L

L

L1

D1 D

G

D1 d

DxG

D1

L

dxG

20x1/2” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x3/4” 32x1”

35 35 43 43 52.5

40.5 42.5 45 46.5 50.5

20x1/2” 20x3/4” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x3/4” 32x1” 40x1” 40x1”1/4 50x1”1/2 63x2”

D d

G

D1 40 44 44 46.5 43 60 52.5 73 79.5 102

G

L

L1

dxG

D

L

55 58 58 60 63 76 67.5 88.5 97 111.5

40 43.5 43.5 44 47.5 48.5 49.5 51.5 58.5 69

20x1/2” 20x3/4” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x3/4” 32x1” 40x1” 40x1”1/4 50x1”1/2 63x2”

40 44 44 46.5 43 60 52.5 79.5 79.5 102

40 42 43.5 44 47.5 59 49.5 65 74 86

Male adaptor with hub

Female adaptor with hub

90° female elbow female thread

Adattatore maschio

Adattatore Femmina

Gomito a 90° Femmina

con bocchettone

con bocchettone

13MB

fil. femmina

16GF

13FB

L

L1

L

L1

L1 G

D1 D

G

D1 D

G

L

d

D1xG

D

L

L1

DxG

20x3/4” 25x3/4” 25x1” 32x1” 32x1”1/4

35 35 43 43 52.5

65 67 67 75 80

40.5 42.5 45 46.5 50.5

20x1/2” 20x3/4” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x1” 32x1”1/4 40x1”1/4

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D1 40 44 44 46.5 60 60 73

L1

L

dxG

L

L1

40 43.5 43.5 44 48.5 48.5 49.5

71.5 64 73.5 67 75 87.5 78

20x1/2” 25x1/2” 25x3/4” 32x1/2” 32x3/4” 32x1” 40x1”

28 35 35 40 40 45 45

39.5 46 46 40 40 45 45

65

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

90° male elbow female thread

90° female elbow male thread

90° elbow with hub

Gomito a 90° Maschio

Gomito a 90° Femmina

Gomito a 90° femmina

filettato femmina

fil. maschio

16GMF

con bocchettone

16GM

L1

16GB L2

L1

L1 G

G D

G

L

L

L

d

d

d

dxG

D

L

L1

dxG

L

L1

dxG

L

L1

L2

20x1/2”

37.5

28

40

20x1/2” 25x3/4” 25x1/2” 32x1/2” 32x3/4” 32x1” 40x1”

39.5 46 46 40 40 45 45

54 58 50 54.5 57.5 63 63

20x3/4” 25x3/4” 25x1” 32x3/4” 32x1” 32x1”1/4

28 35 35 40 40 45

39.5 46 46 40 40 45

64 70 75 65 73.5 76

90° end elbow male thread

90° end elbow female thread Gomito terminale a 90° filettato femmina

Gomito terminale a 90° filettato maschio 16GZ

16GK

H

H A

A

L

L

L1

G

L1

F

L1 G

l

L1 F

l

d

d

dxG

L

L1

l

H

A

F

dxG

L

L1

l

H

A

F

20x1/2” 25x1/2” 25x3/4”

38.5 45.5 45.5

57 67.5 67.5

28.5 35 35

56 64 64

45 52 52

5 5.5 5.5

20x1/2” 25x1/2” 25x3/4”

54 62.5 62.5

40 45.5 45.5

57 67.5 67.5

56 64 64

45 52 52

5 5.5 5.5

Tee male thread

Tee female thread Tee filettata femmina

Tee with hub

Tee filettata maschio

Tee con bocchettone

14TF

14TM

14TB G

G

G

L1

L1

L1 d

d

d L

L

L

66

dxG

L

L1

dxG

L

L1

dxGxd

L

20x1/2”x20 25x1/2”x25 25x3/4”x25 32x1/2”x32 32x3/4”x32 32x1”x32 40x1”x40

56 70 70 79.5 79.5 89.5 89.5

39 35 46 40 40 46 46

20x1/2”x20 25x1/2”x25 25x3/4”x25 32x1/2”x32 32x3/4”x32 32x1”x32 40x1”x40

56 70 70 79.5 79.5 89.5 89.5

54.5 51.5 64 58 59.5 64 65.5

20x3/4”x20 25x1”x25 32x1”1/4”x32 40x1”1/4x40

56 70 89.5 89.5

L1 63.5 64.5 71.5 77.5

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

Manifold with stop cocks

Stop cock

Extended stop cock with handle

Collettore con rubinetto dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;arresto 00CL

Rubinetto dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;arresto

Rubinetto

con maniglia a tre punte

18RA

18RT

F

H

H

H

D d

d

L1 L

d L

L

dxD

F

H

L

L1

d

L

H

d

L

H

20x32

48.5

88

189

122

20 25

94 94

92.5 92.5

20 25

94 94

118 118

Ball valve with cap

Ball valve with knob

Ball valve with lever

Valvola a sfera con cappuccio 18VS1

Valvola a sfera con rosone

Valvola a sfera 18VS2

18VS3

H

H

H

d

d

d

L

L

L

d

L

H

d

L

H

d

L

H

20 25 32

90.5 98.5 117.5

98.5 99 105.5

20 25 32

90.5 98.5 117.5

105.5 106 113

20 25 32

90.5 98.5 117.5

103 103 109.5

Ball valve

Built-in ball valve

Valvola a sfera compatta

Valvola a sfera da incasso 18VC

18VCI

A

H

H d d

L

L

d

L

H

A

d

L

H

20 25 32 40 50 63 75 90

73.5 77.5 89 97.5 112 131.5 151 186

74 74 92 105 114 150 162 197

84.5 84.5 108 108 108 150 150 187

20 25

73.5 77.5

105 108

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67

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6.3 ALFARAPID system Clamp Joint

Coupling

Giunto

Manicotto

Reducing Coupling Manicotto ridotto

AR710

AR231

AR232 L

L

H h

D

D

d

D L

D

L

H

h

D

L

Dxd

L

2” 2”1/2 3” 4”

133 152 174.5 199.5

46 56 62 78

16 20 25 25

2” 2”1/2 3” 4”

94 96 96 100

2”1/2x2” 3”x2” 3”x2”1/2 4”x2” 4”x2”1/2 4”x3”

96 96 96 100 100 100

Male adaptor

Tee

90° Elbow

Raccordo Filettato Maschio

Gomito 90°

Tee

AR151 L

AR265

AR241

L1

L D D

D

G

L

L1

* PPCV

DxG

L

2”x2” 3”x2” 3”x2”1/2 3”x3” 4”x3” 4”x4”

L1

81 83 84.5 88.5 92 103

26 26 28.5 32 32 43

D 2” 2”1/2 3” 4”

AR213

Dxd 2”x50 2”x63 2”x75 2”1/2x63 2”1/2x75 3”x75 3”x90 3”x110 4”x90 4”x110

68

89 200 113 132

2” 2”1/2 3” 4”

L

L1

178 200 226 264

89 200 113 132

Tappo

Adatattore per polifusione

AR206

L1

D

D

Cap

Socket welding adaptor

L

L

L

D

d

L1

L

26.5 30.5 33.5 30.5 33.5 33.5 40 66.5 40 66.5

81.5 85.5 88.5 87.5 90 90 97 123.5 100 126.5

D 2” 2”1/2 3” 4”

L 47 48.5 51 52

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

6. SYSTEM COMPONENTS

6.4 Tools Thermostat welding Kit Kit di polifusore

Fixed thermostat welding tool

Electronic welding tool

Polifusore a termostato fisso

Polifusore elettronico

00POLIF

00POLIF

Set of heating tools

Level template

Hole mender

Matrice per polifusore

Dima DIMA

Matrice riparafori

Tronchese tagliatubi

Roller pipe-cutter Tagliatubo a rotella

Tronchese virax 00TRA

00MARF

00MP

Cutting nippers virax

Cutting nippers

00POLEL

00TTS40

00TAT

Deburring tools

Welding machine for electric sockets

Bench-type welding machine

Sbavatori per tubi

Saldatrice per manicotti elettrici 00SAMEL

Saldatrice da banco

00930

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00SABANC

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7. SERVICES AND GUARANTEES

TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

7. SERVICES AND GUARANTEES The company offers the experience of qualified personnel able to solve any possible problem that might arise during the installation of the products by giving all the necessary technical instructions.

Moreover, thanks to the technical staffâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s constant service.

Plastica Alfa offers innovative and customised solutions for the customers' needs.

7.1 Guarantee ALFAIDRO pipes and fittings are guaranteed by an insurance policy against possible damages due to manifest defects in the manufacturing process. Plastica Alfa guarantees a compensation of Eur 500.000,00 maximum for damages coming from the use of Alfaidro pipes and fittings exceptionally faulty; the guarantee is valid for 10 years dating from the time of installation of the system.

The insurance policy does not cover any possible damage caused by: -

installations carried out without respect towards the technical instructions;

-

wrongly done welding operations or carried out by not suitable tools;

-

welding of Alfaidro pipes or fittings with similar products not manufactured by Plastica Alfa;

-

installation of pipes and fittings in spite of manifest signs of deterioration due to bad storage and handling (i.e. scratching or squashing over tolerance limit);

-

use for the conveyance of corrosive liquids at rash conditions and concentrations or not included in the table.

In case of damage, the user has to send a notice in writing to Plastica Alfa immediately; he must not tamper with the system in order to avoid loosing the right to the possible compensation for damages.

In order to benefit by the guarantee conditions, ask the distributor for the certificate of guarantee that shall be forwarded to the producer duly filled in with the following data: -

the installing company's name;

-

place and date of installation;

-

user's and distributor's stamp and signature.

Any claim and contest will not be accepted if the certificate of guarantee has not been previously filled in .

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TECHNICAL CATALOGUE ALFAIDRO

8. CONVERSION TABLES

8. CONVERSION TABLES Length - Lunghezza

Pressure - Pressione

1 mm = 0,03937 in

1 bar = 105 Pa (N/m2)

1 in = 25,4 mm

1 bar = 100 kPa

1 ft = 30,48 cm

1 bar = 0,1 Mpa

1 m = 3,28 ft

1 bar = 0.99 Atm

1 mile = 1609,3 m

1 bar = 1.02 kg/cm2

1 yard = 0,9144 m

1 bar = 2300 oz/in2 1 bar = 3,3 x 104 oz/ft2 1 bar = 14,5 lb/in2 1 bar = 10,2 m H2O

Area - Superficie 1 m2 = 1,55 x 103 in2 -4

1 in2 ( sq.in) = 6,45 x 10 m2 1 Ara = 100 m2 1 Ettaro = 10000 m2

1 Atm = 760 mmHg = 10.33 mH2O 1 Atm = 1.033 kg/cm2 1 Atm = 14,696 lb/in2 (PSI) 1 PSI (lb/in2) = 0.0680 Atm 1 Atm = 406.69 in H2O = 33.89 ft H2O

1 m2 = 10,76 ft2

Flow - Portata 1 lt/sec.= 15,85 gal USA per min.

1 ft3 per sec = 448.83 gal USA per min = 1698,82 lt/min 1 m3/h = 16,66 lt/min.= 0,27 lt/sec.

Volume - Volume

1 lt/min = 0.2642 gal/min

1 m3 = 6,1 x 104 in3 (cu. in.)

1 in3 (cu. in.) = 1,6 x 10-5 m3 1 m3 = 35,28 ft3 (cu.ft.)

1 ft3 (cu. ft.) = 2,8 x 10-2 m3

Power - Potenza

1 pint british = 0,568 dm3 (lt.)

1 kW = 1,36 CV = 1,341 HP 1 HP = 737 ft x lb/sec 1 CV = 0,735 kW = 0,986 HP 1 HP = 542 ft x lb/sec 1 HP = 0,745 kW =1,013 CV 1 CV =550 ft x lb/sec

Weight - Peso

Temperature - Temperatura

1 ounce az. (oz) = 28.35 g

t°C = T°K - 273,16

1 lb. = 453.59 g

T°K =t°C + 273,16

1 ton Brithish = 1016 kg

t°C = 5/9 x (T°F - 32)

1 ton USA = 907 kg

T°F = 9/5 t°C+32

1 gal british = 4,545 dm3 (lt.)

1 gal USA = 3,785 dm3 (lt.)

3

1 dm (lt.) di acqua = 1000 g 3

t°C = 5/4 x T°Re

1 ft (cu ft.) di acqua = 62.425 lb

T°Re = 4/5 t°C

1 gal USA di acqua = 8.33 lb

t°C = 5/9(T°R - 491,688)

1 gal british di acqua = 10.04 lb

T°R = 9/5 t°C+491,688

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