BUILDING CASE STUDY EDUCATING ENGINEERS
HE GLASS AND ALUMINIUM CLAD .EW %NGINEERING "UILDING AT THE .ATIONAL 5NIVERSITY OF )RELAND IN 'ALWAY WAS CONCEIVED AS A TEACHING TOOL FOR THE ENGINEERING STUDENTS WHO NOW OCCUPY ITS ROOMS AND LABORATORIES /PENED IN *ULY LAST YEAR THE STRUCTURE IS INTENDED TO BE A LIVING LABORATORY WITH A WIDE RANGE OF SENSORS AND EXPOSED FEATURES TO SHOW STUDENTS HOW THE BUILDING LIVES AND BREATHES -OREOVER MANY OF THE SERVICES ARE ON SHOW TO THE STUDENTS AND STAFF 'LASS PANELS IN THE BUILDING°S ENERGY CENTRE GIVE VIEWS ON TO THE WORKING BIOMASS BOILER AND COMBINED HEAT AND POWER #(0 UNITS ,ABELLED SERVICES EXPOSED IN THE CORRIDORS CHALLENGE STUDENTS TO UNDERSTAND THE ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE SCHEME°S DESIGN !ND A DASHBOARD IN THE ENTRANCE ATRIUM INFORMS THE OCCUPANTS OF THE BUILDING°S PERFORMANCE BY MEANS OF REAL TIME DATA ON ENERGY AND WATER CONSUMPTION 4HIS DESIGN CONCEPT IS UNUSUAL )T WAS DEVELOPED TO DEMONSTRATE A HOST OF DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES AND PASSIVE THINKING INCLUDING NATURAL VENTILATION THERMAL MASS GROUND SOURCE HEAT PUMPS SOLAR PANELS AND #(0 SYSTEMS TO INSPIRE THE ENGINEERS OF THE FUTURE (OWEVER IN ADDITION TO SHOWCASING THE VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES THE BUILDING ALSO HAD TO BE DESIGNED TO BE ENERGY EF¹CIENT AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE ¯!S A BUILDING FOR TEACHING ENGINEERING IT WAS DESIGNED TO BE AS SUSTAINABLE AS POSSIBLE ° SAYS ,ORCfN -OONEY OF 0- 'ROUP WHICH DESIGNED THE BUILDING SERVICES FOR THE PROJECT )T IS AN AMBITIOUS TASK GIVEN THE
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ON-SITE !N )RISH UNIVERSITY°S ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT HAS A NEW BUILDING THAT WAS DESIGNED TO OPERATE AS A ¯LIVING LABORATORY° OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR STUDENTS !NDY 0EARSON TAKES STOCK OF ITS COMPLEX HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS 28
CIBSE Journal January 2012
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SQ M SIZE OF THE BUILDING THE NUMBER AND VARIETY OF SYSTEMS PRESENT AND THE FACT THAT MANY OF THESE INCLUDE MANUAL OVERRIDE OPTIONS !S A RESULT THE ยนNAL SOLUTION IS FAR FROM STRAIGHTFORWARD AND THE TASK OF INTEGRATING THE VARIOUS ENGINEERING SYSTEMS INTO AN ENERGY EFยนCIENT SOLUTION SHOULD PROVIDE A CHALLENGING HANDS ON LEARNING EXPERIENCE FOR STAFF AND STUDENTS ALIKE Ventilation strategy -OST OF THE ROOMS ARE NATURALLY VENTILATED AS PART OF THE LOW ENERGY DESIGN SEE BOX ON PAGE !CCORDING TO -OONEY THE DESIGNERS HAVE GONE TO GREAT LENGTHS TO ENSURE A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT WHILE ALSO EMPOWERING THE STUDENTS ยฏ)T IS CRITICAL THE OCCUPANTS ARE IN DIRECT CONTROL OF THEIR ENVIRONMENT ยฐ HE SAYS 2OOMS WITHOUT WINDOWS ARE ALSO NATURALLY VENTILATED 4HE SINGLE STOREY HIGH BAY LABORATORIES IN THE CENTRE OF THE GROUND ยบOOR UTILISE A SERIES OF
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CHIMNEYS AND OPENING ROOF LIGHTS 0ENTHOUSE LOUVRES ON ONE SIDE OF THE LABORATORIES SUPPLY FRESH AIR DRAWN FROM THE LIGHTWELL ABOVE !IR OF CHIMNEYS ON IS EXHAUSTED THROUGH A SERIES THE FAR SIDE OF THE ROOM AND DISCHARGED FOUR ยบOORS UP AT ROOF LEVEL -ODULATING DAMPERS IN THE SUPPLY AND EXHAUST DUCTS INDEPENDENTLY REGULATE THE AMOUNT OF AIR ENTERING AND LEAVING THE LABORATORIES BASED ON ROOM TEMPERATURE AND #/ LEVELS "OTH DAMPERS ARE ยนTTED WITH A MANUAL OVERRIDE SWITCH )N ADDITION TO THE SUPPLY AND EXHAUST CHIMNEYS THE HIGH BAY LABS HAVE ROOยบIGHTS THAT OPEN UNDER CONTROL OF THE BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM "-3 AGAIN THESE HAVE A MANUAL OVERRIDE /N DAYS WHEN THE NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM IS INEFFECTIVE THE SUPPLY AND EXHAUST CHIMNEYS ARE ยนTTED WITH BOOSTER FANS WHICH ARE UNDER INDIVIDUAL CONTROL OF THE "-3 3TUDENTS HOWEVER CAN OVERRIDE THE SPEED CONTROLLER USING A WALL MOUNTED SWITCH IN
ORDER TO MODULATE THE FANSยฐ SPEEDS 4HE LABORATORIES ON THE GROUND ยนRST SECOND AND THIRD ยบOORS OF THE WESTERN ELEVATION ARE TOO DEEP TO BE VENTILATED USING WINDOWS ALONE )NSTEAD A HYBRID SOLUTION OF OPENING WINDOWS AND STACK VENTILATION IS USED 4HE WINDOWS VENTILATE THE AREA OF THE ROOM CLOSEST TO THE FAlADE WHILE THE AREA FURTHEST FROM THE WINDOWS IS VENTILATED USING STACK VENTILATION THROUGH CHIMNEYS POSITIONED TO DRAW AIR ACROSS THE LABORATORIES !IR ยบOW RATES ARE CONTROLLED BY MODULATING DAMPERS IN THE CHIMNEYS OPERATED BY THE "-3 /N THE TOP ยบOOR WHERE STACK VENTILATION IS LIMITED THE CHIMNEYS ARE ALSO ยนTTED WITH BOOSTER FANS ยฏ4HIS SCHEME PROVES THAT BY SPENDING A LITTLE MORE MONEY YOU CAN BE ENERGY EFยนCIENT ยฐ SAYS -OONEY 4O MINIMISE WINTER INยนLTRATION LOAD ADDITIONAL AIR IS DRAWN INTO THE LABORATORIES FROM THE CIRCULATION CORRIDOR 4HIS IN TURN DRAWS AIR FROM OTHER LABS AND FROM THE
January 2012 CIBSE Journal
29
BUILDING CASE STUDY EDUCATING ENGINEERS
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BUILDINGยฐS ATRIUM THROUGH TRANSFER GRILLES SET IN THE DOORS ! DIFFERENT NATURAL VENTILATION SOLUTION IS USED FOR THE CLASSROOMS ON THE SECOND AND THIRD ยบOORS OF THE NORTHERN ELEVATION 4HESE ROOMS BACK ON TO A CIRCULATION CORRIDOR "ECAUSE THE ROOMS ARE TOO DEEP TO BE VENTILATED BY THE FAlADE ALONE DUCTS HAVE BEEN INSTALLED ABOVE THE CORRIDOR TO FORM A LINK WITH THE CENTRAL LIGHTWELL TO ENCOURAGE AIR MOVEMENT 4HE DUCTS ARE ยนTTED WITH MODULATING DAMPERS CONTROLLED BY THE "-3 &OR THE POSTGRADUATE AREAS OCCUPYING THE TOP TWO ยบOORS ON THE BUILDINGยฐS SOUTHERN ELEVATION THE NATURAL VENTILATION SOLUTION HAS BEEN COMBINED WITH AN AIR CONDITIONING OPTION TO PROVIDE A MIXED MODE SOLUTION &OR THE BULK OF THE YEAR THESE ARE NATURALLY VENTILATED USING WHAT -OONEY DESCRIBES AS ยฏA CLIMATE FAlADEยฐ 4HIS IS AN MM DEEP TRIPLE SKIN GLAZED FAlADE WITH A DOUBLE GLAZED INNER LEAF AND A SINGLE GLAZED OUTER LEAF COVERING THE BUILDINGยฐS SOUTHERN ELEVATION 4HE CAVITY BETWEEN THE INNER AND OUTER LEAF IS VENTILATED BY LOUVRES AT THE TOP OF THE FAlADE )N WINTER WITH THE LOUVRES CLOSED THE SOUTH FACING FAlADE PREHEATS THE FRESH AIR BEFORE IT ENTERS THROUGH WINDOWS OPENING
Ventilation Building management system The natural ventilation strategy is helped by the exposed concrete sof๏ฌ ts, which add thermal mass. In its basic format, the ventilation strategy is based on two rows of opening windows, one above the other. The high-level windows open and close under control of the building management system (BMS), while the lower windows can be opened manually. For the of๏ฌ ces and laboratories on the eastern elevation the
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CIBSE Journal January 2012
system is controlled as follows: L As the air temperature rises above summer and winter operational settings, the BMS will progressively open the high-level windows. L In winter (from October to the end of April), if the lighting passive infrared sensor (PIR) detector indicates a room is occupied, and when CO2 levels exceed the zone set point, the BMS will open the high-level windows by 5%.
The windows will remain open unless the wind speed exceeds a pre-set level, it starts to rain or internal air temperature falls. L The occupants can override the BMS using a wall-mounted rocker switch to open or close the windows. L In addition, the occupants can also open the lower line of windows manually. L At night the windows will open to remove excess heat under a night purge strategy. L
INTO THE CAVITY )N SUMMER THE LOUVRES OPEN TO ALLOW AIR TO RISE UP AND OUT OF THE CAVITY PREVENTING IT FROM GETTING TOO WARM BEFORE IT ENTERS THE ROOM 3WITCHES IN THE WINDOW MULLIONS ALLOW THE OCCUPANTS TO OVERRIDE THE "-3 AND OPEN AND CLOSE THE WINDOWS ACCORDINGLY 4HE CLIMATE WALL ALSO FEATURES AN AUTOMATED EXTERNAL BLIND ยนTTED ON THE OUTSIDE TO MINIMISE SOLAR GAIN 4HE NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR THE POSTGRADUATE AREAS OPERATES UNTIL THE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE # AT WHICH POINT THE DISPLACEMENT AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM WILL KICK IN WITH AIR SUPPLIED THROUGH THE ยบOOR VOID /PENINGS IN THE DIVIDING WALL HELP TO DRAW AIR ACROSS THE POSTGRADUATE ROOMS AND INTO THE ATRIUM -OONEY DESCRIBES THE ATRIUM AS ยฏTHE BUILDINGยฐS LUNGSยฐ 3MOKE VENTILATORS MOUNTED IN THE ATRIUM ROOF OPEN AND CLOSE UNDER CONTROL OF THE "-3 TO VENTILATE THE AREA THE "-3 ALSO PREVENTS THE SMOKE EXTRACT FANS RUNNING IN THIS MODE !IR IS ALSO DRAWN FROM THE ATRIUM INTO THE BUILDINGยฐS CORRIDORS WHERE IT PROVIDES TEMPERED MAKE UP AIR FOR THE LABORATORIES 4HE BUILDING INCLUDES SEVERAL LARGE LECTURE THEATRES 4HESE ARE KEPT COMFORTABLE USING A DISPLACEMENT VENTILATION SYSTEM WITH FRESH AIR SUPPLIED AT # THROUGH SWIRL DIFFUSERS BENEATH EACH SEAT AND EXTRACTED AT HIGH LEVEL -OONEY SAYS THE LOW VELOCITY SWIRL DIFFUSERS ยฏCREATE A MICROCLIMATE AROUND THE OCCUPANTSยฐ !DDITIONAL MECHANICAL COOLING IS PROVIDED BY A PACKAGED AIR COOLED CHILLER ยฏ$URING NORMAL TERM TIMES MECHANICAL COOLING IS NOT EXPECTED TO BE NEEDED BECAUSE THE OUTSIDE AIR TEMPERATURE DOES NOT NORMALLY GO ABOVE # FROM /CTOBER TO -AY ยฐ SAYS -OONEY #OOLING IS ALSO PROVIDED TO GROUPS OF SPECIALIST LABORATORIES TUCKED INTO THE NORTHWEST CORNER OF THE BUILDING ON THE ยนRST SECOND AND THIRD ยบOORS 4HESE ROOMS HOUSE EXPERIMENTS THAT NEED STABLE CONDITIONS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR AND ARE COMFORT COOLED USING ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS 3OME OF THE COMPUTER ROOMS ARE ALSO PROVIDED WITH COOLING AND HEATING USING CHILLED BEAMS ,IKE THE POSTGRADUATE AREAS THESE TOO HAVE A MIXED MODE SERVICING STRATEGY ยฏ4HE BUILDING IS COMPLEX DUE TO THE NUMBER OF MIXED MODE STRATEGIES IF YOU WERE DESIGNING A COMMERCIAL BUILDING WITH A FOCUS ON PRELIMINARY INSTALLATION COSTS YOU WOULD ONLY DESIGN FOR ONE (6!# SYSTEM TO GUARANTEE A COMFORTABLE ENVIRONMENT THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ยฐ SAYS -OONEY ยฏ4HE MIXED MODE STRATEGIES WILL ENABLE A REDUCTION IN THE BUILDINGยฐS ENVIRONMENTAL FOOTPRINT ยฐ
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BUILDING CASE STUDY 1 / ĂŠ ,-
Passive design elements: building envelope
Reactive design elements: building services
UĂŠ -ÂˆĂ˘iɓ>ĂƒĂƒ UĂŠ Ă•ÂˆÂ?ĂŒĂŠvÂœĂ€Â“ UĂŠ -Â…>ÂŤi UĂŠ >ĂŒiĂ€Âˆ>Â?Ăƒ UĂŠ 6iÂ˜ĂŒÂˆÂ?>ĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ UĂŠ ÂœV>ĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ UĂŠ "Ă€ÂˆiÂ˜ĂŒ>ĂŒÂˆÂœÂ˜ĂŠiĂŒV
UĂŠ Ă•iÂ?Ăƒ UĂŠ /ލiĂŠÂœvĂŠĂƒĂžĂƒĂŒiÂ“Ăƒ UĂŠ -ÂˆĂ˘iĂŠÂœvĂŠĂƒĂžĂƒĂŒiÂ“Ăƒ UĂŠ *Â?>Â˜ĂŒĂŠVÂœÂ˜ĂŒĂ€ÂœÂ?Ăƒ UĂŠ *Â?>Â˜ĂŒĂŠivwĂŠVˆi˜VĂž UĂŠ "ÂŤiĂ€>ĂŒÂˆÂ˜}ĂŠĂ€i}ˆ“iĂŠiĂŒV
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Human Factors UĂŠ œ“vÂœĂ€ĂŒĂŠĂ€iÂľĂ•ÂˆĂ€i“iÂ˜ĂŒĂƒ UĂŠ "VVĂ•ÂŤ>˜VÞÊÀi}ˆ“iĂƒ UĂŠ ĂŠ >˜>}i“iÂ˜ĂŒĂŠ>˜`ĂŠ “>ÂˆÂ˜ĂŒi˜>˜Vi UĂŠ VĂŒÂˆĂ›ÂˆĂŒĂž UĂŠ VViĂƒĂƒĂŠĂŒÂœĂŠVÂœÂ˜ĂŒĂ€ÂœÂ?ĂƒĂŠiĂŒV
External factors, eg, climate
Interactive elements
,FZ GBDUPST UIBU JOÂş VFODF FOFSHZ DPOTVNQUJPO
)N SUMMER THESE ROOMS WILL BE NATURALLY VENTILATED UNTIL THE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE RISES ABOVE # THEN ACTIVE CHILLED BEAMS WITH MECHANICAL COOLING WILL OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THE ROOM BELOW # )N WINTER THE WINDOWS HAVE BEEN DESIGNED TO OPEN BY TO SUPPLY FRESH AIR WHILE THE PERIMETER CHILLED BEAM UNITS WILL SUPPLY HEAT ¯&ROM OUR DYNAMIC THERMAL MODELLING ) THINK THE SPACE WILL BE NATURALLY VENTILATED FOR MOST OF THE YEAR ° SAYS -OONEY Heating strategy 5NSURPRISINGLY HEAT FOR THE BUILDING COMES FROM A VARIETY OF SOURCES ! K7E GAS POWERED #(0 UNIT MEETS PART OF THE ELECTRICAL
CIBSE branch ,iÂŤĂ•LÂ?ˆVĂŠÂœvĂŠ Ă€iÂ?>˜` The CIBSE Republic of Ireland branch, chaired by Derek Mowlds and comprising an active and dedicated committee, delivers a number of additional services locally to CIBSE members in Ireland. The committee arranges a host of interesting CPD events throughout the year in a number of locations, covering a wide range of technical and related topics in engineering and the built environment. The branch also promotes
32
CIBSE Journal >Â˜Ă•>ÀÞÊÓä£Ó
a philosophy of integration in design and, to that end, collaborates with other institutions on particular events, such as Green Building Week, with the Irish Green Building Council and the BIM awareness programme with CITA. They host an annual conference in Croke Park, which attracts members nationwide, and includes speakers from the UK and further aďŹ eld.
Recently, CIBSE Republic of Ireland collaborated with the Dublin Institute of Technology to publish the +PVSOBM PG 4VTUBJOBCMF 3FTFBSDI BOE %FTJHO which was formally launched on 24 November and is available for download at IUUQ FMFDFOH EJU JF TEBS 4%"3@+PVSOBM@4FQU@ QEG For further information, visit XXX DJCTFJSFMBOE PSH or email EFSFL NPXMET!QNHSPVQ HMPCBM DPN
LOAD WHILE GENERATING K7 OF HEAT 4HE #(0 IS SET TO RUN ONLY WHEN THE ELECTRICAL TARIFF MAKES IT COST EFFECTIVE TO OPERATE (EAT FROM THE UNIT IS FED INTO THE MAIN HEATING HEADER 7HEN HEAT IS NOT NEEDED SURPLUS HEAT IS FED TO THE UNIVERSITY°S SWIMMING POOL THROUGH THE CAMPUS HEAT NETWORK !DDITIONAL HEAT FOR THE HOT WATER CALORIš ERS COMES FROM A SMALL SOLAR THERMAL SYSTEM INSTALLED AS A TEACHING AIDE ÂŻ7E LOOKED AT THE POSSIBILITY OF MEETING THE HOT WATER DEMAND FOR PEOPLE ENTIRELY FROM SOLAR BUT IT WAS NOT COST EFFECTIVE IN 'ALWAY ° -OONEY EXPLAINS (OWEVER WHEN COMBINED WITH THE #(0 UNIT THE SOLAR SYSTEM WILL GENERATE SUFš CIENT HEAT TO MEET THE REDUCED SUMMER HOT WATER DEMAND )N WINTER THE UNIVERSITY°S K7 BIOMASS BOILER PROVIDES THE MAIN SOURCE OF HEAT FOR THE AIR HANDLING UNITS CHILLED BEAMS HOT WATER CALORIš ERS AND LOW PRESSURE HOT WATER RADIATOR SYSTEM 4HE RADIATOR CIRCUIT SERVING THE TEACHING ROOMS AND OFš CES HAS BEEN SIZED TO RUN AT A CONDENSING TEMPERATURE OF # Âş OW # RETURN TO MAXIMISE THE ENERGY EFš CIENCY OF THE SYSTEM 4HE BIOMASS BOILER IS SUPPLEMENTED BY TWO K7 GAS š RED BOILERS GENEROUSLY SIZED TO ENABLE THEM TO TAKE OVER FROM THE #(0 WHEN IT IS BEING MAINTAINED )N ADDITION A GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM CONNECTED TO BORE HOLES PROVIDES HEAT TO AN UNDERÂş OOR HEATING SYSTEM IN THE BUILDING°S ATRIUM 4HE COST OF DAYTIME ELECTRICITY MEANS THE GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM WILL RUN SOLELY AT NIGHT TO PREHEAT THE CONCRETE Âş OOR ÂŻ)N ADDITION TO THE #(0 AND BIOMASS SYSTEMS WE INVESTIGATED AS MANY SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS AS POSSIBLE BUT THE PAYBACK FOR THE TECHNOLOGIES WAS BEYOND OUR š VE YEAR THRESHOLD ° -OONEY EXPLAINS 4HE BUILDING HAS BEEN DESIGNED TO USE ABOUT LESS ENERGY AND TO EMIT LESS #/ THAN SIMILAR BUILDINGS BASED ON #)"3% 'UIDE & %NERGY EFš CIENCY IN BUILDINGS 4HE STUDENTS WILL BE ABLE TO CHECK THE BUILDING°S PERFORMANCE THROUGH MONITORING THE POWER CONSUMPTION OF DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL LOADS SUCH AS LIGHTING COMPUTING AND (6!# EQUIPMENT ÂŤ WHICH MEANS THAT UP TO STUDENTS COULD BE CHECKING TO ENSURE THE BUILDING IS PERFORMING AS PLANNED CJ L $*#4& (VJEF ' &OFSHZ FGš DJFODZ JO CVJMEJOHT is available online to CIBSE members for free through the Knowledge Portal. It can also be purchased in hard copy (by both members and non-members) at a discount of 75% by using the code GVFJAN. A new edition of the guide will be published in the ďŹ rst quarter of 2012. Visit XXX DJCTFLOPXMFEHFQPSUBM DP VL
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