WORKSHOP Non-‐Revenue Water (NRW) Reduc2on in Urban Water U2li2es Experiences and Challenges in the Mediterranean Region Center for Mediterranean Integra2on, Marseille, France January 22-‐23, 2013
Non-‐Revenue Water Management in Cyprus Bambos Charalambous
Head Technical Services Water Board of Lemesos Lemesos, Cyprus (unCl October 2012) Managing Director Hydrocontrol Ltd Lemesos, Cyprus
Water Management in Cyprus January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Recent Water SituaCon in Cyprus Gradual change in the climate Substantial decrease in annual rainfall >20% Reduction in the runoff into the reservoirs > 40% Periods of low rainfall are becoming more frequent Demand is continuously increasing Frequent periods of low or no rainfall :1991-92,1997-2000, 2008-09 Government forced to apply water restriction measures o Drastic water cuts in irrigation o
Severe restrictions to domestic water supply
Add Water to the National Balance: o Construction of Desalination plants: 60Mm3 (75% of total potable needs) o Use of treated effluent in agriculture: 10Mm3 (5% of total irrigation needs)
Need for water conservation and leakage management January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Lifeline from Athens to Lemesos in August 2008:
35.000 m3/day
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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NRW Management Is a conCnuous acCvity Is an integral part of distribuCon network management Is based on a long term strategy Is cost effecCve especially in water scarce areas HOWEVER ITS SUCCESS DEPENDS: On commitment and dedicaCon at all levels AdopCon of appropriate methodologies and technologies Use of appropriate and reliable indicators for benchmarking, such as : litres/service connecCon /day and ILI January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Key Performance Indicators Water Board of Nicosia YEAR
% of SIV
ILI
Lit/conn/day
2007
19.5
2.9
137
2011
23.0
4.3
203
Water Board of Larnaca YEAR
% of SIV
ILI
Lit/conn/day
2007
23.0
2.5
131
2011
27.6
3.3
168
Water Board of Lemesos
January 22-‐23, 2013
YEAR
% of SIV
ILI
Lit/conn/day
2007
16.7
1.8
91
2011
23.0
2.8
143
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Network Design and Development January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Major Network Developments Water Board of Lemesos
1986 - 1990 • Major expansion of storage and supply network • Establishment of pressure zones and DMA • Installation of SCADA system
1991 -1993 • Pressure reduction study • Installation of PRVs in 8 out of 27 DMAs
1994 - 1995 • Digitization of all maps of the water distribution system
1997 - 1998 • Review of the leakage control activities by external consultant • Recommendations for the establishment of a leakage management policy
1999 - to date • DMA re-design and pressure management • Use of advanced technology in DMA monitoring and leak detection • Adoption of IWA WLTF “best practice” approach to NRW management Source: WBL January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Key ConsideraCons
DMA categories Small
: <1000 properties
Medium : 1000 – 3000 properties Large
: 3000 – 5000 properties
Factors considered in DMA design Minimum variation in ground level Single entry point into the DMA Well defined DMA boundaries Area meters correctly sized and located Apply pressure management Continuous monitoring January 22-‐23, 2013
Source: WBL
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Typical DMA Inlet Chamber
Source: WBL January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Monitoring and Data Transfer Dedicated Computer in Control Room
Data Communication E-mails / sms sent from each DMA Alarms sent to Operator’s mobile
phone for: o o o o
High/Low pressure High MNF No flow Low battery status
WWW
PSTN and GSM Network
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLERS IN DMAs January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Pressure Management
Reduction in:
surges and excess pressures
burst rates and background leakage, cut repair costs
flow rates of all leaks
some components of consumption
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Pipeline and Asset Management High quality materials / Proper installaCon High standard of maintenance Pipeline replacement using a decision support system
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Accurate and Comprehensive Metering the first step in establishing how much water is produced and/or being used
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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NRW AcCviCes
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Annual Water Balance (m ) (“Top -‐ Down”) 3
Reaching the point of Accountability
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Commercial Losses ( Apparent losses)
All customers are metered Water theft
Commercial Losses = Loss of Revenue
o Theft from hydrants o Meter by-passes o Tampering with meters
(valued at retail billing rates)
Meter under- registration o o o
Improve meter accuracy Volumetric meters Certified meter test bench
Meter reading errors o o o
Hand-held devices Change meter readers’ routes Check zero/low consumption
Accounting errors o o
Billing software Threshold alarms
January 22-‐23, 2013
Source: Rizzo and Cilia, 2005
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Physical Losses (Real Losses)
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Speed and Quality of Repairs Number of Pipes Repaired
712 (34%)
January 22-‐23, 2013
1.169 (55%)
Response Repair Time
Next day (13.5%)
Next two days (1.5%)
Same day (85%)
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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AcCve Leakage Control
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Pressure Management AZNP (m)
DMA
Actual MNF (m³/hr)
(Sector 2)
Background losses(m³/hr)
Locatable losses (m³/hr)
before
after
before
after
before
after
before
after
220
64
32
3,92
2,16
0,63
0,24
1,88
0,51
221
63
36
5,69
3,85
3,39
1,65
0,16
0,07
222
54
28
3,07
2,24
1,53
0,71
0,05
0,03
223
53
29
3,58
2,56
1,70
0,82
0,35
0,20
224
53
29
5,50
2,52
1,68
0,82
2,23
0,11
225
64
34
12,96
9,78
5,42
2,41
4,16
3,99
226
64
34
10,04
6,84
5,62
2,55
0,37
0,24
227
59
38
15,52
10,44
5,91
3,38
5,11
2,56
228
43
39
7,60
7,20
3,42
3,03
0,51
0,50
LEAKAGE REDUCTION
30 m3/hr
Annual water saving = 220 000 m3 or € 170 000 229
41
36
4,06
3,73
1,13
0,96
2,01
1,85
230
47
40
21,80
18,00
5,57
4,60
9,37
6,54
231
52
42
11,01
7,92
4,63
3,54
2,17
0,18
232
39
32
5,17
4,32
1,32
1,05
2,21
1,63
233
42
33
4,45
3,96
1,48
1,10
1,48
1,37
234
48
38
3,55
2,44
0,32
0,23
2,26
1,24
Total before Total after
January 22-‐23, 2013
117,92
43,75 87,96
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
34,32 27,09
21,02
21
Reduced Burst Frequency ( Reported Leaks)
Description
Number of bursts reported (7 months)
After
Reduction of leaks
(7 months)
Distribution mains
49
27
45%
Communication pipes
296
178
40%
Before
ANNUAL COST SAVING Comparison of Results IN PIPE BURST REPAIRS €100 000 Location
Cyprus (Water Board of Lemesos)
Australia (A.Lambert)
January 22-‐23, 2013
Pressure Reduction
Overall reduction in burst incidents
32%
41%
40%
55%
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Leakage Monitoring
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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DMA Flow and Pressure Monitoring
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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MNF Analysis
PRIORITISE LEAKAGE ACTIVITIES BASED ON ESPB AND ON VALUE OF WATER SAVED January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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MNF Monitoring
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Leak LocaCon and Repair Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=8days Repair (R)=1day
Loss of water=4200m3
A
L
Crack 7 mm wide on DN150mm AC pipe
R
Awareness (A)=2days Location (L)=28days Repair (R)=2days Loss of water=7200 m3
A
L
R
Three leaks were located and fixed. January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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TargeCng and Benchmarking
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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TargeCng and Benchmarking Goal Sefng
• IdenCfied areas to be improved • PrioriCsed most effecCve acCons
Benchmarking (Process and Metric) • Decided on Key Performance Indicators • Checked and compared performance to other uCliCes January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Non – Revenue Water Financial PI basic (IWA Level 1, Fi 36)
Drought Years Intermittent Supply
Source: WBL
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Litres / service connecCon / day OperaConal PI for Real Losses basic ( IWA Level 3, Op 24 )
Technical Performance Category: (Developed Countries)
A
– pressurised system : average pressure 40 m : <100 litres/connection/day Source: Liemberger,2005
Drought Years Intermittent Supply
Source: WBL
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Infrastructure Leakage Index Operational PI for Real Losses Detailed (IWA Level 3, Op 25) Technical Performance Category:
A (ILI 1-2: Excellent – no specific intervention required)
(Developed Countries)
Source: Liemberger, 2005
Drought Years Intermittent Supply
Source: W2BL January 22-‐23, 013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Source: Seago, McKenzie, Liemberger, Halifax 2005 Total of 146 data from 31 countries
DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
I L I
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Cyprus
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Intermiient Water Supply
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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20 DMAs: 373Km: 45%total Number of reported breaks Description Mains
2007
2010
%increase
1/7,14km
1/2,38km
300
Service 15,5/1000 29,7/1000 connections connections connections January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
200
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Effects of Intermiient Supply Significant increase in Total Leakage
TOP DOWN
BOTTOM UP
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Effects of Intermiient Supply System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon
Year
System Input Volume (m3)
Customer Consumption (m3)
Total
Difference
Total
Difference
2007
12.914.576
0
10.762.043
0
2008
10.655.626
-2.258.950
9.776.466
-985.577
2009
11.735.230
-1.179.346
9.803.206
-958.837
2010
14.568.052
1.653.476
10.634.710
-127.333
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Effects of Intermiient Supply System Input Volume Vs ConsumpCon Year 2007
Before IntermiSent Supply
2008
IntermiSent Supply
2009
IntermiSent Supply
2010
AXer IntermiSent Supply
January 22-‐23, 2013
System Input Volume
Customer ConsumpCon
0%
0%
(base line)
(base line)
-‐17,5%
-‐9,2%
-‐9,1%
-‐8,9%
+12,8%
-‐1,2%
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Cost of Intermiient Supply Cost to the Water Board of Lemesos for the 2 years (2008 – 2009) of Intermittent Supply: Loss of revenue: o Reduction in sales – cost of water saved: € 300.000 Additional operational expenses: o Staff overtime for opening / closing valves: € 365.000 o Repairing additional reported breaks: € 325.000
Additional cost after Continuous Supply was established: o Additional leakage (2010 – 2012): € 1.700.000 o Estimated cost of locating leaks: € 175.000 o Estimated cost of repairing leaks: € 125.000 January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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Thank you
Bambos Charalambous Tel.:+35799612109 Email: bcharalambous@cytanet.com.cy hydrocontrol@cytanet.com.cy
January 22-‐23, 2013
Center for Mediterranean Integra2on Marseille, France
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