December 2018/January 2019 Pocono Living Magazine by Pocono Magazines

DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

The Pocono Mountains' Magazine

Complimentary

Pocono Living M A G A Z I N E

• The Sullivan Expedition • The Art of Barbara Hornstra • Monroe County’s Doughboys • The Infamous Walking Purchase

Pocono Magazines, LLC PUBLISHING

Pocono Living Magazine© & Pocono Family Magazine© 1929 North Fifth Street Stroudsburg, PA 18360 570-424-1000 pmags@ptd.net www.poconomagazines.com PUBLISHER/EDITOR Larry R. Sebring ASSISTANT EDITOR Samantha J. Holbert ACCOUNT REPRESENTATIVES Samantha J. Holbert, 570-856-7578 Linda St. John, 570-856-8155 Linda Zak, 484-264-7915 MAGAZINE DESIGN Smart Blonde Creative WEB DESIGN Smart Blonde Creative Food & Wine Editor Allison Mowatt GRAPHIC DESIGNER Brian Hunter Rebecca Sebring

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ing v i L o n o Poc The Pocono

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April/May 2018

N E A Z I M A G

PHOTOGRAPHY & ART Veronica Murray Andrei Protsouk David Sandt Lisa Newberry James Chesnick Barbara Hornstra Marlana Holsten Matt Siptroth William McKee Barbara Lewis Linda Zak Nancy Tully Maritza McFaline Vinzon Lee CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

DE WHAT’S INSI

le • Devil’s Ho ay • Earth D uirrels • Flying Sq & more!

Roseanne Bottone Kimberly Blaker Marty Wilson Samantha J. Holbert Kevin Conroy Suzanne McCool John C. Moore

Jamie Bowman Kathy Dubin-Uhler Amy Leiser William M. Williams Janet Mishkin Allison Mowatt Jim Werkheiser

ADMINISTRATIVE ASSISTANT Kristen Sebring

Pocono Living Magazine and Pocono Family Magazine, two regional publications filled with articles, features and photography exploring and capturing the real Pocono Mountains living experience.

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Our publications can be found at many locations throughout the Pocono Mountains region, and are available by subscription. The information published in this magazine is believed to be accurate, but in some instances, may represent opinion or judgment. The publication’s providers do not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information and shall not be held liable for any loss or damage, directly or indirectly, by or from the information.© 2016 Pocono Magazines. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without the expressed written permission of the publisher.

PROMISES KEPT THANK YOU, residents of Monroe County, for your support as we celebrate the second anniversary of St. Luke’s Monroe Campus! To date, St. Luke’s Monroe Campus has cared for more than 50,000 Monroe County residents… right here, close to home.

ST. LUKE’S MONROE CAMPUS... continues to deliver high quality, low cost health care for the residents of Monroe County... Promise kept. expanded much needed advanced cancer and specialty care services... Promise kept. continues to provide EASY access to hospital-based and outpatient facilities, including our Medical Office Building and St. Luke’s Specialty Care as well as the Brodheadsville Outpatient Center.... Promise kept. created 750 economy-enhancing jobs for Monroe County residents... Promise kept. continues to invest generously in the community with both financial support and resources given to many nonprofit and educational partners... Promise kept.

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“Imitation is the sincerest form of flattery that mediocrity can pay to greatness.” – Oscar Wilde

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What’s Inside December 2018 / January 2019

FEATURES 7

Cresco Railroad Station Museum

Fast Facts About Service Dogs

Monroe County Honors Its Great War Doughboys

The Art of Barbara Hornstra

The Sullivan Expedition

Pennsylvania’s Infamous “Walking Purchase’

Holiday Savvy: Surviving the Season with Your Finances Intact

Monroe County Historical Association Receives Grant from State

COVER Winter Morning

Photo courtesy of Pixabay

By: Dave Sandt

DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 5

Kimberly Blaker

Kevin Conroy Born in New York but raised in Barrett Township, Kevin Conroy attended East Stroudsburg State College as a townie majoring in fine art. After college, Kevin served a two-year apprenticeship with the American Culinary Federation and studied advanced baking at Culinary Institute of America. Kevin is a chef, pastry chef, artisan baker, culinary arts instructor, writer, and business owner. He writes on a wide array of topics for newspapers, magazines, trade journals, and blogs.

Amy Leiser Amy Leiser is a local resident and historian who has been working with the Monroe County Historical Association for 19 years. In addition to the live tours, research assistance, and museum that the organization keeps available, Leiser offers her knowledge and assistance with family charting and genealogy. Visit www.monroehistorical.org

Jim Werkheiser Jim Werkheiser is a retired East Stroudsburg School District Guidance Counselor. A graduate of Lehigh University, Jim also lectures frequently at the Monroe County Historical Association’s Stroud Mansion. Jim’s passion is now as a local historian with an emphasis on the wars that our county has been involved in over time.

Photo courtesy of Pixabay

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

Kimberly Blaker is a parenting and lifestyle freelance writer. She also writes a blog, The Young Gma’s Guide to Parenting at www.theyounggma.com.

Photo courtesy of the Barrett Township Historical Society

CRESCO RAILROAD STATION MUSEUM

The story of a long journey By Kevin Conroy

n the mid-1970’s, the Cresco Railroad Station may have been the loneliest spot in the Poconos. The place gave no hint of its past, a roiling past that included as many as a thousand passengers a day, the parking lot jammed with horses and buggies and automobiles that would turn today’s heads. There were fortunes made in trade. Among the thousands of pieces of freight delivered there? Five barrels of pork delivered to Cresco in 1896 from Armour & Co, in 1900 a one hundred twenty-five pound barrel of soap, freight charge 25¢.

The Cresco Post Office stood close by and Barrett’s main thoroughfare ran directly through the station property for additional action. The sharp turn in the track visible from the east side of the station was the site of a violent train wreck in 1903; a wreck that tempted two boys to walk from Mountainhome to Cresco to inspect the wreckage and approach a tarp. Two boys, too curious. But in the 70’s the place stood deserted as the train tracks creaked only with the sun’s heat. DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 7

The line, originally laid in 1857 when the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad ran a line from Scranton, Pennsylvania, to Hoboken, New Jersey, was for freight, hauling the likes of coal, lumber, and leather, but without provision for passengers. Cresco made do with a pile of railroad ties covered with tarp to receive goods at that time. Only months after the track was laid, the economic downturn and ensuing panic of 1857 curtailed the need for shipments. The resourceful DL&W Railroad recognized a want for people to escape congested cities, and so began passenger service to points east of New York into 8 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

Pennsylvania, augmenting a boom of inns and hotels that dotted the Pocono Mountain map. Barrett Township alone hosted upwards of seventy-five places to lodge, and droves of those lodgers arrived by rail at the Cresco Station. Construction of the station proper began in the 1870’s, and after three years to complete stood ready in 1880 to pick up and deposit passengers. Painted a deep green with maroon trim in the typical Delaware Lackawanna style, the station’s upper windows were of stained glass, with Victorian embellishments and gingerbread dressing out the truss ends

Photocourtesy courtesyofofthe theBarrett BarrettTownship TownshipHistorical HistoricalSociety Society Photo

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and gables. Facing trackside, the building had a three bay window area, protected from baggage cars by iron bars, where the station master viewed trains and tracks both east and west. The crossing gates at the road were hand operated. The interior was simplicity itself, consisting of a baggage room, the station and ticket masters’ room, and a waiting room. It wasn’t long before sheds were built to shelter the horses used for transportation. (The station pre-dated automobiles.) Later, in the 1920’s, a canopy, which soon had to be doubled in size, was built for the autos and busses used to transport passengers to places with names like Onawa Lodge and Monomonock Inn. In the 1880’s, railroading established standard time zones across the United States and implemented safety modernizations like air brakes. It was a time of improved 10 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

passenger comforts, with the introduction of in-car heating and open ended observation platforms. And the Pullman Company began manufacturing dining cars; the DL&W dining service menu included Welsh rarebit, shad roe with bacon, pickled lamb tongue, and Heinz euchred pickles. Through the 1890’s, the rail was used in main for payloads: ice, railroad ties, hides, sprags (coalmining car brakes manufactured by Theo B. Price in Cresco.) Trout eggs from the Paradise Trout Hatchery shipped all over the U.S. from Cresco. Railroads were a major asset to a small community like Barrett. The Cresco spur, a mile of track radiating from the main line, delivered freight into the town. Materials for building Skytop Lodge arrived by rail; entire house kits purchased from Sears and Roebuck made their way along the spur. Late 1920’s deliveries of light lines for

Photos courtesy of the Barrett Township Historical Society

“The 1930’s and the war years belonged to the railroads, and Cresco station reached its heyday in the 1940’s during WWII, when gasoline and rubber rationing made car travel difficult.”

Pennsylvania Power and Light came back to the station in the form of electricity. But by the 1970’s, the last freight car to use the spur got stranded behind Theo B. Price Lumber and needed to be rescued by crane. The track was subsequently torn out.

The 1930’s and the war years belonged to the railroads, and Cresco station reached its heyday in the 1940’s during WWII, when gasoline and rubber rationing made car travel difficult. People weary of war flocked to the Poconos for escape. The Cresco Station had three business windows at that time: a ticket window and a Pullman coach window, and Western Union had a man dedicated to telegrams. A telegram received in the office read: “Send the overcoat I left there to L J Laugan Hotel Columbia Scranton by express today. DeKay.” President Eisenhower’s post-war highway plan ushered in an automobile culture that allowed travel with more freedom than the railroads could provide, and railroad passenger use plummeted during the 1950’s, even as some American railroad companies tried to stem the tide with new equipment and promotional advertising for passengers that DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 11

rarely came, although some riders still enjoyed the amenities offered. “In the late 1950’s we would take the train from Cresco into Hoboken, then the subway into New York,” says Warren “Mickey” Miller of Cresco. “We’d be tourists in the city, go to a show and shop. Then we would take the Phoebe Snow back and have dinner on the train. It was very elegant with beautiful silver and china. Dinner on the train was always special.” But by the 1960’s passenger service was left for dead, and railroading went into spiraling decline as trucking ate away 12 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

at its freight business. The Cresco Railroad Station closed in 1968 with the arrival of one final passenger train. In 1970, Karl Weiler, of Weiler Abrasives, leased the station building from Conrail to use for storage. “At that time we began to maintain it,” says Weiler, “replacing rotted flooring and putting on a new roof.” He negotiated a $1-per-year lease in consideration for his efforts. Weiler also used it for a time as a brush outlet. In the 1980’s the thought of using the building as a museum occurred to Weiler, and the Weiler Family Foundation

Photo courtesy of the Barrett Township Historical Society

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eventually purchased the property from then owner Monroe County Rail Authority. But in the summer of 1989, vandals took a leisurely two weeks to destroy the station interior before the damage was discovered and reported. The blackguards smashed stained glass windows, solid oak doors, antique light fixtures emblazoned with the station masters insignia, and other irreplaceable antiques. The boys were discovered and charged, but their bestial gaiety still stings the community thirty years later. The event disappointed Weiler in the extreme, and he boarded up the building. DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 13

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Photo courtesy of the Barrett Township Historical Society

“As word got out about the project, people began to bring items, and now the building could pass for Barrett’s attic. It is chockablock full of artifacts from the township, many of which date back more than a century.”

The vandalism, to some extent, became a catalyst for Weiler to begin restoration of the station. In the 1990’s he got to work, hiring builder Clark Bartholomew to lead construction. “It was a big project,” says Weiler. Bartholomew had special router bits made to shape replacement woods with historical correctness. Using photographs Bartholomew reproduced the car and bus canopy once used by area hotels. After completion of renovations, Weiler turned the station keys over to Jacqueline Magann, chair of the Barrett Township Historical Society, to open it as a museum. “We wondered, ‘how do we fill this building!’” says Mrs. Magann. But as word got out about the project, people began to bring items, and now the building could pass for Barrett’s attic. It is chockablock full of artifacts from the township, many of which date back more than a century. The permanent display of the Patriotic Order Sons of America has an excellent example of folk art, and the baggage room has been set up as a country store but includes a barber chair from Skytop Lodge and a dog sled from Buck Hill Inn. Civil War muskets are on permanent display, as is the electric scoreboard from the Barrett High School gymnasium. Some pieces original to the station remain: large photographs of the Pocono landscape, a placard advertising round-trip tickets to Niagara Falls for $5. The telegraph ticker still holds its original place in the stationmaster’s room. On a recent Sunday afternoon, an excursion train from Scranton’s Steamtown arrived late at the Cresco station as a freight train first assumed the track’s right-of-way. The freight made its halting pass by the station and around the sharp bend in the track, the site of earlier train wrecks, the turn where it is still rumored train cars lie submerged in the adjoining bog. The place where two curious boys walked down the track to see a wreck, and lifted a tarp to see what lay underneath. It was the wreck where the engineer, the fireman, and a passenger were killed. Passengers from the Steamtown excursion detrained with smiles to inspect the old Cresco Station restored, to look at her exhibits, listen to fiddle music, grab a hot dog… to bring life to the place. 

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AT YOUR SERVICE FAST FACTS ABOUT SERVICE DOGS

ervice dogs work hard each and every day to protect their human counterparts. Not only are they constant companions, but they are hardworking animals that can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, which can help lessen the symptoms of posttraumatic stress and traumatic brain injury, for example. In honor of National Service Dog Month, consider these facts about the four-legged service animals:

COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT SERVICE DOGS

Because they’re often cute and cuddly, it’s not unusual for people to forget that service dogs are working animals, not pets, and they have been individually trained to help people with disabilities. Guide, hearing and service dogs typically accompany a person anywhere the general public is allowed, including restaurants, businesses and on airplanes, providing support as their owners go about their daily lives. However, a survey by American Humane, the country’s first national humane organization, suggests that employees are not educated about the unique needs of customers with service dogs. Nearly seven in 10 (69 percent) retail employees said they never received training from their employer on the questions they are legally allowed to ask customers to verify an animal is a service dog.

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Photo courtesy of Pixabay

“Service dogs are animals that should be celebrated for the good they bring to society, and we hope that increased awareness of their working nature leads to a deeper understanding of their important role.”

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Further adding to confusion is a lack of understanding of the difference between service dogs and other assistance animals. Emotional support dogs and therapy dogs assist people in their daily lives, but they do not have the same responsibilities as service animals. For instance, therapy dogs provide affection and comfort to their owners, but they do not have special rights of access in all buildings or public areas. Since service animals often provide mobility assistance or communicate medical alerts, they should always be allowed to accompany their owners.

A HELPING PAW

At times, these innocent misconceptions can lead to discrimination against those who rely on the support of a service dog. To combat this problem, American Humane and Mars Petcare, the world’s leading pet nutrition and health care business, created resources, such as training videos, to

A trained dog is a happy dog.

help businesses better accommodate patrons who have service dogs. Aligning with the Better Cities For Pets™ initiative, the videos and other resources help provide an understanding of the roles service dogs play to help create a world where pets and working animals are welcome across all communities. “Dogs have incredible abilities, including saving lives and making the world a better place,” said Angel May, corporate citizenship lead at Mars Petcare. “Service dogs are animals that should be celebrated for the good they bring to society, and we hope that increased awareness of their working nature leads to a deeper understanding of their important role.” For additional information on service dogs, visit bettercitiesforpets.com/servicedogs. 

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MONROE COUNTY HONORS ITS GREAT WAR DOUGHBOYS By Jim Werkheiser | Photos by Linda Zak

ovember 18, 2018, the one-hundredth anniversary of the signing of the Armistice in Compiègne, France, ending the “War to End All Wars!” Remember the exact time: “the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month,” This article, in a small way, is aimed at honoring the many hundreds of our county men who answered the call and, in particular, the thirty-eight who made the supreme sacrifice.

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Our title, “Monroe County Honors it’s Great War Doughboys” prompts the questions; “what’s a Doughboy” and “what’s so great about war?” The term, Doughboy, first appeared during America’s Civil War and referred to the buttons on the uniforms of the Union troops. Then, during the Great War, the British jokingly referred to the leg-wrappings of our troops as “dough-like,” particularly when muddied. As to the second question, “what’s so great about war.” First of all, the magnitude of the conflict which involved dozens of nations would encourage “greatness.” Next, the news media of the 1900’s through the mid1930’s were in love with the word “great.” If you read the newspapers of the early 20th century you’ll note that everything was referred to as “great.” We had just soundly whipped Spain in the Spanish-American War of 1898, President Teddy Roosevelt’s eight-year term (1901-1909) featured the world-wide tour of our Great White Fleet in 1907, and Roosevelt had won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906. Yes, America was feeling great! 22 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

“The term, Doughboy, first appeared during America’s Civil War and referred to the buttons on the uniforms of the Union troops. Then, during the Great War, the British jokingly referred to the legwrappings of our troops as ‘doughlike,’ particularly when muddied.”

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The Great War commenced in 1914, but America, under President Woodrow Wilson, held out until May of 1917. At the time the U.S. declared war, our Army numbered a paltry 190,000 troops. A massive recruitment program was urgently needed, and was accomplished with the help of artist James Montgomery Flagg’s poster of “Uncle Sam Wants You,” and the flood of patriotic sheet music, particularly the works of George M. Cohen like “I’m a Yankee Doodle Dandy,” “You’re a Grand Old Flag,” and “Over There.” The recruitment programs worked: by war’s end, 18 months later, the U.S. troop numbers were at 3.6 million! Well, our Doughboys did go “Over There,” about two million in number, with 83,000 never returning to their homes, of which 38 were Monroe County boys.

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The war ended November 11, 1918, and our “soldier boys” came home. The nation sprang into action to honor them and, to our credit, so did Monroe County.

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The first memorial was the Julia statue, erected on the campus of the East Stroudsburg Normal School, now East Stroudsburg University, November, 2, 1919. It lists the names of the 200 plus graduates who served during the Great War, the six who died, and the two killed-in-action, George Kemp and Glenn Saunders. The second memorial was the Swiftwater War Memorial, erected September 5, 1921, in front of Slee’s Laboratory in Swiftwater, now Sanofi. This memorial honored the twentyfour men of the Swiftwater Valley who served, and the one who died, Frederich Schuh. This project was accomplished almost single-handedly by Col. Richard Slee, also a veteran of the war. The memorial plaque was moved to Tannersville in 1992 where it now is displayed. The next memorial, in terms of date-of-erection, is the well-known and very visible, Doughboy Monument located on Courthouse Square (now Mattioli Circle) in Stroudsburg August 10, 1924.

Well, our Doughboys did go “Over There,” about two million in number, with 83,000 never returning to their homes, of which 38 were Monroe County boys.

The researching of this project was somewhat confusing because the bronze tablet reads “Erected in 1923,” but, in actuality, the dedication event was in 1924! Also, confusing was the original announcement, in April of 1923, that the boulder “will come from the property of Mr. Frank Etten, located behind the Monroe Silk Mill (now American Ribbon Mill on Ann Street), and will be donated!” However, the August 11, 1924 news article states, “The boulder came from Green’s Landing in Maine, furnished by D.J. Howell and Sons, of Easton, at a cost of $825.” Anyway, the Doughboy project was completed and dedicate August 10, 1924. The fourth War Memorial was erected May 31, 1933, in Barrett Township in front of the now vanished Barrett

High School. The plaque honors the 42 township men who served and the one lady, Elizabeth French. To my knowledge, this is the only county memorial that lists a female. Also indicated on the plaque are the three who died, Jacob Bates, Elbert Price, and Oliver vanBuskirk. When the old Barrett School closed, the plaque was moved to the new Elementary Center, and when that school closed, moved to it’s present location in High Acres Park on Route 191 just north of Canadensis. The fifth, and last of the Monroe County Great War memorials was the East Stroudsburg War Memorial, located just across the Stroudsubrg-East Stroudsburg Bridge, dedicated August 6, 1938. This memorial supposedly lists all 1000-plus county men who served. The 1026 total names fall short of the actual number (which is truly unknown) because the author is aware of three Pocono Township men who served and are not listed on this memorial, and who knows how many other county men were missed? DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 25

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In addition to the five memorials, two American Legion Posts sprung up in the early 1920’s which were named for county Doughboys killed-in-action, the Kemp Post in East Stroudsburg and Wilson-Fischer Post in Pocono Summit. Kemp named for George Kemp and WilsonFischer for Harvey Wilson and Richard Fischer. These two Posts were the only ones formed after the Great War; all others after World War II.

“This was the last chance to honor war heroes!! What a wonderful, wonderful HOPE that was for the world!” This flurry of monument building raises yet another question: why the rush for recognition of our war heroes following this war, and practically none for the previous conflicts? Where are the statues for the Revolution, War of 1812, the Mexican War, Civil War, Spanish-American War? The probable answer…because THIS was the “War to End All Wars!” And, as such, this was the last chance to honor war heroes!! What a wonderful, wonderful HOPE that was for the world! In addition to the brutal Great War, an equally brutal worldwide disaster occurred in 1918, the infamous Spanish Flu epidemic. The Great War killed four million, of which 83,000 were American. The Spanish Flu killed 35 million of which 675,000 were American! And of those 675,000, a total of 43,000 were Doughboys, which means that more than half of our troops who died were victims of the flu and not enemy fire. While studying the local newspapers of 1918, for just the month of October, 1918, there were 233 deaths in Monroe County; 233 in one month! Our county population in 1918 was 23,000, so 233 deaths equalled 1% of the county population. To compare; today, in 2018, our county population approximates 165,000 and 1% of that total would be an astonishing total of 1,650 in just on month, or 55 each day! We licked the flu! Mankind pulled together to defeat this devastating killer, just as mankind pulled together to defeat the bubonic plague during the 15th Century. And, in recent history, to defeat malaria, infantile paralysis, and other killer diseases. And even today, mankind is battling the ebola threat. Which brings us to the seemingly never-ending question throughout history… why can’t mankind also defeat war? 

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DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 27

THE ART OF BARBARA HORNSTRA

ildlife, domestic animals, nature, and rural landscapes are the main subjects of the oil and watercolor paintings of Barbara Hornstra. Endless inspiration and subjects can be found, near her home in northwestern New Jersey. She exhibits her work at a variety of venues throughout the region, and is a founding member of the New Jersey Equine Artists Association. Her work can be seen and she can be reached through her website, www.bhornstrafineart.com. Prints of her paintings are available and commissions are welcome.

“Faded Glory”

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“Don’t Mess with Me”

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“Stucco & Stone”

“Venturing Out”

“You Sleep, I’ll Keep Watch”

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“Blue Barn & Pine”

“Stepping Out”

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“Pond Brook Road Barn, Winter with Hay Rolls”

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“In the Shade”

“Weis”

“White Shed in Winter”

“Kerrs Corner Road Barn, Autumn”

“Autumn Near the Gap, with Red Barn”

DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 37

THE SULLIVAN EXPEDITION By John L. Moore

arching beside the Susquehanna River’s North Branch near Pittston in August 1779, Lt. Col. Adam Hubley warily led his soldiers along a narrow path between the river and a steep mountainside. The men feared walking into an Indian ambush, but discovered a waterfall instead. “We passed by a most beautiful cataract called the Spring Falls,” wrote Hubley, an officer from Lancaster. “… The first or upper fall thereof is nearly 90 feet perpendicular, pouring from a solid rock, uttering forth a most beautiful echo, and is received by a cleft of rocks considerably more projected than the former, from whence it rolls gradually and empties into the Susquehanna.” Hubley’s regiment, the 11th Pennsylvania, was part of the Continental Army that Maj. Gen. John Sullivan took up the Susquehanna from Wilkes-Barre and into the country of the Iroquois during the summer of 1779. Gen.

George Washington had ordered him to lead the army into western New York and to punish the Iroquois Indians for attacking frontier settlers in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and New York earlier in the Revolutionary War. Hubley and other officers kept daily journals as the campaign progressed. They often described the Pennsylvania settlements and forests through which they passed. Founded in 1752, Easton was little more than a village when Sullivan selected it as a staging area for the expedition. Many soldiers ordered to Easton came from army camps in New Jersey. In late spring, they began crossing the Delaware River on ferryboats and camping in the countryside around Easton. “Easton is pleasantly situated, on a level flat of ground, on a point made by the Delaware and Lehigh (rivers),” wrote Capt. Daniel Livermore of the 3rd New Hampshire. He added: “The buildings in this place are plain and

Editor’s Note: We would like to thank Matthew K. Holiday, editor of Pennsylvania Magazine for his support with the re-printing of this article. 38 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

< 1 779 map shows the route taken by Gen. John Sullivan’s Continental Army from Easton across the Poconos to Tioga, present-day Athens. (Source: Library of Congress)

DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 39

THE BATTLE OF WYOMING

built of stone. Their state house is built in the center of the town, where four roads meet. It is built of stone and lime, and makes an elegant appearance. They have one house of worship, near the state house. It is built of hewn stone; large and elegant, with a large organ.”

The American Revolution brought bloodshed to the Valley, whose people favored independence from Britain. In 1778, Tory rangers and Iroquois Indians siding with the British invaded the Susquehanna River’s North Branch. Col. John Butler “commanded 110 rangers. There were in addition 464 Indians, mostly of the Cayuga and Seneca tribes,” according to Barbara Graymont, author of The Iroquois in the American Revolution.

General Sullivan arrived in Easton by early June and reviewed the troops on June 8. They paraded on the banks of the Lehigh about a mile from the village. Ten days later, the soldiers broke camp and set out for the Upper Susquehanna River Valley. “With much regret we take our leave of that pleasant town, and pursue our intended expedition,” wrote Capt. Livermore.

With women, children and elderly safely inside the forts, the defenders mobilized all the men they could – militia troops as well as soldiers who had served in the Continental Army, but also grandfathers and boys as young as 14, reported Charles Miner, the 19th century historian.

Easton was less than 20 miles south of the forested mountains that stretched to the west and north for hundreds of miles. As the troops began their 60-mile march toward the Wyoming Valley, they headed along a dirt road still known as the Sullivan Trail.

The invaders routed the 400 defenders in a July 3 battle north of Kingston. As they ran, “many threw away their guns in their flight,” Graymont said. The Indians gave chase, slaughtering many and taking 227 scalps.

“We passed this morning (June 19) what is called the Wind Gap of the Blue Mountains,” reported Lt. Col. Henry Dearborn of the 3rd New Hampshire. He described the gap as “a narrow pass that appears as if Nature designed it for a road into the country as it is the only place that this ridge of mountains can be passed for a very great distance.”

During the early 1770s, hundreds of settlers from Connecticut moved into Northeast Pennsylvania, establishing towns and homesteads throughout the Wyoming Valley. In 1774, they erected stockade forts at Wilkes-Barre and other strategic places.

Before they departed, the victors burned the settlements.

Lt. William Barton of the 1st New Jersey wrote noted in his journal that he and another soldier found “inhabitants few, buildings mean and mostly of logs” during their four-day trek from Easton to Wyoming in early June. On the third day, after stopping for breakfast at a log tavern called Larnards, they passed through the Great Swamp, an area that lies lay west of present-day Pocono Pines and was described in 1779 as “20 miles in length and 14 in breadth. Its timber is white pine, hemlock, and spruce, of amazing size and height.” As the New Jerseyans neared Wyoming, they came upon a detachment of soldiers converting an old Indian path into a forest road wide and level enough for use by horse-drawn wagons. Indian trails tended to be so narrow that travelers had to walk or ride in single file.

< T his monument commemorates the Battle of Wyoming, fought in July 1778. It is along Wyoming Avenue in the Borough of Wyoming. (Photo by John L. Moore) 40 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

The mountainous terrain over which the New Hampshire troops marched made an unfavorable impression on Col. Dearborn, who reached Wyoming on June 23. “The whole country from Easton to Wyoming is very poor and barren, and I think … will never be inhabited,” he said. “It abounds with deer and rattle snakes.” The officer, however, formed a much different opinion of the Wyoming Valley: “The land at Wyoming on both sides (of) the river is very fine and was very thickly inhabited before they were cut off by the savages 20 miles up and down the river after the battle at this place (the Wyoming Massacre) last year. … More than 200 of the inhabitants were killed. The savages burned and destroyed the whole country and drove off the cattle and horses, and stripped the women and children of every comfort of life.” The Wilkes-Barre settlement “lies in a beautiful valley, surrounded by very high ground,” wrote the Rev. William Rogers, D.D., a Philadelphia clergyman who served as a chaplain. “The people inhabit up and down the banks of the river and very little back. There were in the settlement last summer a courthouse, a jail, and many dwelling houses, all of which excepting a few scattered ones were burnt by the savages after the battle of July 3, 1778, which took place near Forty Fort. At present there are a few log houses newly built, a fort, one or two stockaded redoubts and a row of barracks.”

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Assembling a sufficient number of soldiers to mount an invasion of Indian country was one thing. Accumulating sufficient provisions and other goods to feed and equip his troops was another. Sullivan relied on Pennsylvania officials as well as military personnel to transport military supplies, food and other provisions from the state’s agricultural regions below the Blue Mountains up the Susquehanna, first, to Fort Augusta at Sunbury, then to the Wyoming Valley along the North Branch, and later to Tioga, or present-day Athens. In mid-spring, carpenters at Wright’s Ferry (present-day Columbia) and Middletown began constructing scores of flatbottom boats, called bateaux, to ship supplies upriver. Pointed at each end, the smaller of these vessels were designed to navigate the river’s numerous rapids and to haul about two tons of cargo through shallow reaches.

Larger boats could haul cargoes weighing up to three or four tons. Some may have been larger. On Aug. 8, well north of DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 41

Wilkes-Barre, “one of our largest boats was cast away and everything in her lost, coming up a rapid,” wrote Dr. Jabez Campfield, a surgeon in the 5th New Jersey. “This is hard, for she was loaded with seven or eight tons of flour.”

For security reasons, the bateaux moved in convoys. On June 29, for instance, “34 boats arrived at this place from Sunbury with flour, beef and military stores,” reported Dr. Ebenezer Elmer at Wyoming.

The stretch of Susquehanna between Harrisburg and Sunbury was regarded as safe from Indian attacks. Guards rarely escorted boats there, but soldiers routinely accompanied boats on the 70-mile section between Sunbury and Wilkes-Barre. “Yesterday … 12 large boats loaded with provisions left (Fort Augusta) for Wyoming, escorted by a sufficient number of Continental soldiers,” Lt. Samuel Hunter, the militia commander at Fort Augusta, reported on May 26.

Occasionally the civilians hired as boatmen walked off the job, and soldiers had to fill in to deliver the supplies. “This morning near 30 boats went down the river after provisions. The hands enlisted for the purpose of navigating the boats having mostly deserted, … we were obliged to turn out a command for that purpose,” said Dr. Elmer, a surgeon with the 2nd New Jersey.

42 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

The boat service turned out to be a difficult, dangerous, and, occasionally, a fatal business.

FAR LEFT: This 1778 portrait depicts Major General John Sullivan, who led an army of Continental soldiers across northeastern Pennsylvania to invade the homeland of the Iroquois Indians in 1779. Source: Library of Congress TOP: En route to the Wyoming Valley, Continental troops marched through the Wind Gap after leaving Easton. Photo by John L. Moore LEFT: In July 1779, Indians and Tory Rangers destroyed Fort Freeland in the West Branch Valley as General Sullivan prepared to lead his army up the North Branch. One of the men killed was James Watts. His descendant, Randy Watts, looks at a plaque that commemorates the incident. Photo by John L. Moore

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and specifications are subject to change without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Nikon is not In late July, for instance, as the expedition headed up the responsible for printing or typographical errors. All Nikon products include Nikon Inc. USA limited warranty. ©2018 Nikon Inc. North Branch toward Tioga, an accident delayed the boats. “One of them loaded with ammunition” sank, “damaging another,” reported Lt. John Jenkins. Five days later, “One of the boatmen fell out of the boat and was unfortunately drowned,” said 1808-0296_MA_3.375x4.625_Stroudsburg_P1000.indd 1 Jenkins, a Wyoming Valley soldier along as a guide. ±

Meanwhile, hundreds of soldiers made their way to WilkesBarre over the forest trail from Easton. General James Clinton also brought 1,800 soldiers down the Susquehanna’s North Branch from Otsego Lake at modern Cooperstown, N.Y., and joined Sullivan at Tioga. Still other soldiers came up the main Susquehanna from Harrisburg, often driving herds of livestock with them.

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1775

Native Americans from Stockbridge, Mass., serve with the Americans at the Siege of Boston.

1776

Settlers along the Allegheny River in western Pennsylvania fear that hostile Indians “will plunder the country.”

1777

January: Representatives of the Continental Congress hold a formal treaty with Indian chiefs at Easton asking them to stay neutral.

April: Pro- British Indians are suspects in a western Pennsylvania murder/kidnapping intended “to promote an open rupture between the Six Nations and the United States.”

August: Two Iroquois tribes, the Senecas and the Oneidas, fight each other at the Battle of Oriskany in New York. The Senecas are British allies. The Oneidas are loyal to the U.S.

September: Rumor spreads across northcentral Pennsylvania about a party of 200 “Indians coming down upon our frontiers.”

> W hen the American Revolution began, many Indian nations regarded the war as a violent quarrel between a father and his sons and sought to remain neutral. Here is a recap of Native American involvement in the conflict.

IMPACT OF THE CAMPAIGN

The Continental Army certainly punished the Iroquois tribes that sided with the British. Gen. Washington wrote in glowing terms about “the success of our western expedition. Everything is completely destroyed in the country of the hostile Indians.” He also contended that Sullivan’s campaign, together with a similar expedition up the Allegheny River that summer, would serve as “undeniable proofs to them that Great Britain cannot protect them.” Sullivan’s wholesale destruction of the Indians’ summer harvest, along with crops still in the field, forced thousands of Iroquois to flee to Fort Niagara for both protection and food. Their need for food quickly overwhelmed the fort’s commissary. As the severe winter of 1779-80 came on, many Indians died of starvation, and many others, suffering from malnutrition, of disease. Still others froze to death. Even so, the Americans had failed to take the Iroquois out of the war. In early 1780, revengeminded Iroquois warriors returned to the frontier settlements of Pennsylvania and New York. They burned farms and mills, killed or captured settlers, and forced countless survivors to flee the region. In the end, of course, the British lost the war. Some of their native allies eventually migrated to Canada, but others remained in New York State and lost much of their land. This was true even of the Oneidas and Tuscaroras, Iroquois tribes who had been allies of the United States. 44 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

Providing the expedition with fresh beef proved troublesome. Cattle collected south of the Blue Mountain were moved upriver along a forest road in sizeable herds. But there were few pastures between Harrisburg and Sunbury, a distance of about 50 miles. The animals often went without eating. “About 150 cattle sent to Sunbury were left there, being too poor to walk, and many of them unable to stand,” Sullivan said. The army’s presence on the North Branch didn’t make the Pennsylvania frontier a safer place. In late July, as Sullivan’s soldiers gathered in the Wyoming Valley, a force of Iroquois warriors and Tory rangers invaded the West Branch Valley. On July 28 they attacked Fort Freeland, a small post garrisoned by Northumberland County militia near present-day Turbotville. They destroyed the fort and took 30 prisoners. When news of Fort Freeland’s destruction reached the Wyoming Valley, Sullivan was preparing to march north. On July 30, “a party of 600 men was employed from 5 o’clock in the morning until 9 in the evening loading the boats and packhorses,” said Sgt. Maj. George Grant of the 3rd New Jersey. These men experienced “very severe fatigue,” said Lt. Col. Henry Dearborn of the 3rd New Hampshire. On July 31, Sullivan ordered the army to begin the 85-mile upriver march to Tioga. Most soldiers walked on a trail along the river, and boats carried the expedition’s six cannon upriver. The artillerymen had mounted a small mortar, nicknamed “the grasshopper,” on a boat so they could shoot at Indians who attacked in canoes. Transporting artillery, ammunition, baggage, and provisions that included barrels of salted meat required “120 boats, about 1,200 pack horses and 700 beef cattle,” Col. Dearborn reported. “We proceeded to Lackawanna 10 miles and encamped.” Tiring of salted beef, the soldiers ate wild game whenever possible. A New Jerseyan, Lt. William Barton, said his regiment reached Tunkhannock

October: In the Susquehanna River Valley, some 500 backcountry inhabitants leave their farms and assemble “at three different places on the West Branch” for safety.

November: Settlers in the Allegheny Mountains gather in forts following raids by pro-British Indians from Fort Detroit.

1778

June and July: Indian raids in the West Branch Valley prompt a mass evacuation of settlers called the Great Runaway. July: 110 Tories and 464 Indians defeat 400 Wyoming Valley men, killing 227, then burn the valley settlements.

November: 320 Indians and 200 Tories and British raid Cherry Valley, a New York settlement west of Schenectady, killing 15 Massachusetts soldiers and 30 civilians, and burning the town.

1779

March: General Washington appoints General Sullivan to conduct “an expedition of an extensive nature against the hostile tribes of the Indians of the Six Nations.”

July: Sullivan’s army leaves the Wyoming Valley, headed for Iroquois territory. October: Continental Army returns to Easton.

F ort Augusta at Sunbury served as a supply base for the 1779 Sullivan Campaign. Photo shows a detail of an outdoor model of the fort that was built by the Northumberland County Historical Society several years ago (Photo by John L. Moore)

DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 45

after a 10-mile march on Aug. 3 and found the place “very remarkable for deer, bears, turkeys, several of which were taken by the troops without firing a single gun, there being positive orders to the contrary; otherwise [we] might have killed many more …” The troops reached Tioga on Aug. 11 and built four blockhouses near the confluence of the Chemung and the Susquehanna rivers. Dubbed Fort Sullivan, the post was garrisoned by a small number of soldiers. Civilians accompanied the army as far as Tioga. Many soldiers had brought their families along, but when the 4.000-man army began its march up the Chemung on Aug. 26, “we left all unnecessary baggage, and all the women and children,” reported Dr. Campfield, the surgeon.

46 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

Although native warriors occasionally ambushed individual soldiers who strayed from camp, the campaign resulted in few battles. The biggest, which Sullivan’s troops won, occurred near Elmira, N.Y., on Aug. 30. As Sullivan advanced into the Fingers Lakes in early September, the Iroquois fled to Fort Niagara, a British post on Lake Ontario. Instead of fighting Indians, the Continentals concentrated on destroying the native farms and burning 41 towns. The soldiers returned to Pennsylvania in late September, reaching Fort Sullivan at Tioga on Sept. 30. They approached with “music playing and colors flying and encamped on the same ground we did before,” said Lt. Erkuries Beatty of the 4th Pennsylvania. “When our troops passed the fort, the garrison was paraded and saluted us with 13 pieces of cannon.”

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As the army descended the Susquehanna, “the river being very low, we grounded several times, and the men have to get out and drag the boats over the shoals,” reported Maj. John Burrowes from above Sunbury on Oct. 11. The officer was on his way to Sunbury, where Fort Augusta had temporarily become a field hospital for the expedition’s ill or wounded members. Soldiers in his regiment, the 5th New Jersey, had been admitted there, and he spent Oct. 13, “in getting the men that are discharged from the hospital ready to march for headquarters” in New Jersey. At one point, Burrowes went to Northumberland to see a friend. Sunbury, he wrote, “consists of 150 houses and Northumberland about 100 houses. The inhabitants Irish and German. Houses chiefly of logs.” In October 1779, the Congress passed a resolution thanking Washington, Sullivan “and the brave officers and soldiers … for effectually conducting an important expedition” against the Iroquois. In 1792, the Seneca chief Cornplanter told Washington at a conference in Philadelphia that the Iroquois still called him “The Town-Burner.” 

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PENNSYLVANIA AUTHOR DOUBLES AS FRONTIER STORYTELLER Northumberland writer John L. Moore has published 10 non-fiction books about Pennsylvania’s early history. “I’m nearly done with the 11th book, which deals with fighting between Native Americans and white frontiersmen during the American Revolutionary War,” Moore said. His most recent book, “Scorched Earth: General Sullivan and the Senecas,” was published by Sunbury Press Inc. earlier this year.

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A retired newspaperman, Moore said he employs the techniques of a journalist in writing and speaking about people who lived during the 18th century. “I can’t go back in time to interview these people, so I rely on their letters, journals and other first-person materials,” Moore said. “That lets me use their words to paint a factual picture of their lives and situations.” Moore emphasized that he is a storyteller as well as an author. “Whether I’m writing or speaking, the stories I like best deal with real people and actual events from Pennsylvania history. I do a lot of research so that the stories become rich in historically accurate details.”

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Moore frequently does storytelling in the persona of Susquehanna Jack, an elderly frontiersman. He recently appeared at Frances Slocum State Park near Wilkes-Barre. He told the true story of Frances Slocum, the girl for whom the park was named. Aged five when Delaware Indians abducted her in 1778, Frances spent the rest of her life as a Native American.

The following is excerpted from “Scorched Earth: General Sullivan and the Senecas” by John L. Moore Military messengers were especially vulnerable as they rode along forest roads that connected the camps. On July 1, for instance, an express rider carrying dispatches from General John Sullivan at Wyoming rode into an ambush along the road in the mountains northwest of Easton. The rider, James Cook, carried a musket that “was loaded with a bullet and nine buckshot,” his officer said.

The wounded man then “threw his tomahawk at the express, missed him, but cut the horse very deep upon the shoulder,” Patterson said.

“One of my expresses,” wrote Captain Patterson, “… on his return from Wyoming this day, about the middle of the afternoon, in the (Great) Swamp was fired upon by the Indians and Tories.”

which time Cook got clear,” Patterson reported.

The rider had an incredibly close call. “One shot went through his canteen, one through his saddle, one through his hunting shirt, (and) one was shot into his horse,” Patterson reported. Cook kept on riding. Immediately in front of him stood two men, either Indians or Loyalists. Cook wasn’t sure which, but “both discharged their pieces at him, threw down their firelocks with a determination to tomahawk him (and) advanced within eight yards of him, at which time he . . . fired upon them, killed one of them on the spot and wounded the other.”

As the rider attempted to pass by, his attacker “got hold of Cook, thought to get him from his horse, tore his shirt, which is stained much with the Indian’s blood. The horse being fretted by his wound raised upon his hind feet, (and) trampled the Indian or Tory . . ., who roared terribly, at “The other Indians on seeing him get off, raised the whoop as if all Hell was broke loose,” the captain said. “He supposes he rode the horse afterwards near four miles, but (the animal) by the loss of blood began to stagger.” Cook dismounted, “took off his saddle and letters, (and) ran about a mile on foot, where he fortunately found a stray . . . horse, which he mounted and rode to this place.” Cook told Patterson that the ambush party had likely fired between 30 and 50 shots at him.

Moore’s books are available online from Sunbury Press. Information about them is accessable at: www.sunburypressstore.com/Traders-Travelers-and-Tomahawks-9781620065174.htm DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© 49

PENNSYLVANIA’S INFAMOUS ‘WALKING PURCHASE’ By Amy Leiser, Executive Director

Photo courtesy of the Monroe County Historical Association

Monroe County Historical Association

n 1681, King Charles II of England granted William Penn a charter to establish a colony in the New World. The king owed William Penn’s father ₤16,000 and to repay his debt, King Charles II granted the young Penn 45,000 square miles of land to establish a colony in “regard to the memorie and merits of his late father” on March 4, 1681. William Penn was only 37 years old when he gained sovereign rule of the new territory known as Pennsylvania, and he worked quickly to establish a colony like no other in the New World. He recruited fellow Englishmen of every trade and skill to join him. From simple farmers to wealthy businessmen, Penn needed every type of settler (or “adventurer,” as he called them) to help create a successful colony.

Penn created a town at the mouth of the Delaware River to promote commerce and government; he named the town, Philadelphia, which was Greek for “city of brotherly love.” Penn created a town at the mouth of the Delaware River to promote commerce and government; he named the town, Philadelphia, which was Greek for “city of brotherly love.” To ensure his colony would remain peaceful, Penn purchased the land from the local Native Americans before settlement took place. During the early years of the colony, William Penn, in addition to several of his agents, purchased more land from the Indians. In 1682, Penn met with the native peoples to create a treaty to buy additional lands for white settlers. Penn and his agents successfully bought hundreds of acres of land north of Philadelphia (in present-day Bucks County). There was no recorded animosity or distrust between the natives or William

Photo courtesy of the Monroe County Historical Association

Penn, and the two groups lived in relative peace with one another. For a number of years following the 1682 treaty, neither Penn nor any of his agents purchased land from the natives. It was not until 19 years after William Penn’s death in 1718 that another treaty to purchase lands from the natives was created. Thomas Penn, one of William’s sons, who inherited the position of proprietor of the colony from his father, along with agent James Logan, sought additional lands north of the earlier 1682 treaty. Pennsylvania’s population was increasing and the younger Penn and Logan felt as though more land was needed to accommodate the ever-growing European colonial inhabitants’ surge. Settlers had already been living north and west of the initial boundary, and Logan convinced the native people that a second survey was needed to settle the dispute. It was agreed between the two parties that this new land grant would contain a tract of land beginning at Wrightstown and extending northward as far as a man could walk in one and one-half days. Three men were chosen as walkers: James Yeates, Solomon Jennings and Edward Marshall. Each man was paid five pounds and was given 52 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

500 acres of land for his participation in the walk. Yeates, Jennings, and Marshall were not alone in their endeavor and were joined by many individuals who were to ensure the rules of the treaty were obeyed. The Penn party hired John Chapman, Benjamin Eastburn, Nicholas Scull and James Steele Jr. to serve as witnesses. The Delaware Indians had John Combush, Joe Tuneam, and one other unnamed man to serve as witnesses for the tribe. Sheriff Timothy Smith served as the official timekeeper to guarantee that the walk would begin on the first day at 6 a.m. and that the walkers would stop for the evening at 6 p.m. The next morning, the walk would begin again at 6 a.m. and end at noon, a tour of precisely one and one-half days. In addition to the three walkers, the sheriff, and the witnesses, a small group of men were hired to carry water and food for the participants. The starting point for the walk was an old chestnut tree located near the Wrightstown Meeting House. Yeates, Jennings, and Marshall placed their hands on the tree, and on September 19, 1737, when the first rays of the sun rose over the horizon, the walk began.

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Penn and his agents successfully bought hundreds of acres of land north of Philadelphia (in present-day Bucks County). There was no recorded animosity or distrust between the natives or William Penn, and the two groups lived in relative peace with one another.

According to the reports of the event, the white walkers’ pace was so fast, that the native people yelled and demanded that the colonists walk and not run. The Delawares had assumed that the white “walkers” would follow the native customs of walking along a path and taking breaks to hunt and to smoke. After witnessing the European colonists’ behavior, many natives turned away in disgust and immediately claimed that the tribe was being cheated.

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Of the three walkers, Yeates took the early lead and was favored to complete the task. Jennings remained second and was followed by Marshall, who reportedly swung an axe carelessly as he walked. After fewer than 10 miles, Jennings and two of the native walkers quit due to exhaustion. Only Yeates, Marshall, and one Delaware remained. The walking party reached Bethlehem and forded the Lehigh River, which was unusually low. The men continued in a northwest direction until stopping at 6 p.m. at the Hockendauqua Creek in the present-day town of Northampton; the men had walked more than 44 miles in one day. At dawn, the two white settlers and the native began the rest of the walk. Early into the second day of walking, Yeates became faint, fell on the trail, and

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dropped out of the walk. Marshall was the last colonist walker remaining, and he continued on the path with the native. The treaty stated that the walk would end at noon on the second day. As noon approached, Marshall threw himself on the ground and reached out to grab a small sapling. This was the official end of the walk. The sapling was located near the Tobyhanna Creek in Carbon County near present-day Jim Thorpe; it was 65 miles from Wrightstown and much further from the starting line than the natives had expected. Because of his efforts, Marshall was awarded the promised 500 acres of land, and ultimately, the village of Marshalls Creek was named in his honor. Following the walk, surveyors for the Commonwealth were charged with mapping the boundary line for the newly acquired land based on the ground that Marshall had covered. In another dubious act of the “Walking Purchase,” the surveyors, instead of drawing the boundary line in a direct easterly direction to the Delaware River, followed the demarcation of the earlier 1682 agreement, which made the line run from the sapling (in Jim Thorpe) in a northeasterly direction. On the new map, the northern boundary of Pennsylvania began in present-day Jim Thorpe and extended northeasterly to the mouth of the Lackawaxen River in present-day Pike County. In this way, through the “Walking Purchase of 1737” the Pennsylvania government secured nearly 1,200 square miles of land. When the Delaware Indians protested the purchase and refused to leave the land, officials of the Pennsylvania government asked the Iroquois Indians to help evict the Delawares. The Iroquois, who had conquered the Delawares, sided with the Pennsylvania government and supported the new treaty, stating: “How come you to take it upon you to sell lands at all? We conquered you; we made women of you. For this land you claim you have been furnished with clothes, meat and drink, and now you want it again, like the children that you are. We charge you to remove instantly; we don’t give you liberty to think about it. You are women. Take the advice of a wise man and go at once.” The Walking Purchase and the subsequent treatment of the Delaware Indians strained the relationship between the 54 POCONO LIVING MAGAZINE© DECEMBER 2018/JANUARY 2019

European colonists and the native people. Undoubtedly, the treaty was not consistent with the governance of William Penn himself, and it likely “set the stage” for the Delawares’ alliance with the French during the French and Indian War of 1755.

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Interestingly, the European “walkers” fared almost as poorly as the natives. Neither Yeates nor Jennings ever physically recovered from his walk. Yeates, after being retrieved from the trail on the morning of the second day, became blind and died three days following the completion of the walk. Jennings, the first walker to quit, returned home to Allentown, but he never recovered fully from his exertion.

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Undoubtedly, the treaty was not consistent with the governance of William Penn himself, and it likely “set the stage” for the Delawares’ alliance with the French during the French and Indian War of 1755. Only Edward Marshall lived into old age, but he suffered deeply for his participation in the treaty. Following completion of the walk, Marshall and his family settled on their newly-granted 500 acres of land south of Delaware Water Gap near Portland in Northampton County. But the natives never forgave Marshall. In 1747, they attacked his family and killed one of his sons. Following the attack, Marshall and his family moved across the Delaware River into New Jersey, but after several years, they returned to their land in Pennsylvania.

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In 1756, Marshall’s home was attacked again by a party of 16 Delaware warriors. During this second raid of the homestead, Marshall’s wife was killed and scalped. While Edward Marshall might have physically escaped the wrath of the angered native people, his family suffered the consequences of his actions. 

By Kimberly Blaker

he he average American spends roughly $900 on gifts during the holiday season, according to a 2016 study by American Research Group, Inc. Add to this, the holiday cards, decorating, baking, and holiday dinners, and it can add up to a big chunk of change. For many people, holiday spending sets them back financially for months to follow if not longer. Credit cards make it easy to overspend leaving families to suffer the consequences later. The problem with credit cards isn’t just the monthly payments. It’s the long-term cost from accrued interest. So what can you do to ensure you start the new year without new debt? First, create a holiday budget. Include not only gifts, food, and decorations, but also postage for holiday cards, wrapping supplies, and the babysitter for your shopping trip. Once you’ve listed all your expenses, review it, and decide where you can cut some costs.

Gifts to extended family and friends are an excellent place to start. Talk to those you exchange gifts with, and see if they’ll agree to forego the gift exchange or else set a dollar limit. Another option for families or groups is to draw names to reduce the number of gifts everyone has to purchase, or hold a white elephant exchange. Decide in advance on a gift value for each gift recipient. Let’s say you’ve decided on a gift value of $50 for your sister. Now, rather than buying her something on sale for $50 that’s worth $75, stick to the value. Buy something on sale for $35 that’s worth $50. This is a good place to shave a lot of expense. Do you usually send out more holiday cards than you receive? Opt instead for a phone call during the holiday season for those you don’t talk to often. It’ll cost you nothing and have more meaning. Also, mail cards only to those who send you card.

Photo courtesy of Pixabay

HOLIDAY SAVVY: SURVIVING THE SEASON WITH YOUR FINANCES INTACT

Uncover & Discover

Cut back on the baking. When’s the last time you heard someone complain of a shortage of holiday goodies? Probably never. Most of us eat far more than we’d like to just because it’s there.

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Hold potluck dinners rather than playing head chef if you’ll be hosting any parties. Offer to provide just the meat. Then ask everyone to bring a specific type of dish to avoid duplicates. To eliminate the cost of a babysitter, offer to exchange babysitting with a neighbor, so each of you has the opportunity to shop without the kids.

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“Cut back on the baking. When’s the last time you heard someone complain of a shortage of holiday goodies? Probably never. Most of us eat far more than we’d like to just because it’s there.”

Photo courtesy of Getty Images

Plan your shopping before you head out. Do research online to find the best deals on those items on your shopping list. If you can’t find a good deal on something, consider an alternative. Also, keep your eyes out for newspaper fliers and check the ‘coupon’ page of the store websites you plan to shop.

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If possible, leave credit cards at home when you go shopping to avoid impulse purchases. Many people spend far more than they plan on by purchasing unnecessary ‘bargains’ they just can’t resist. Finally, if you do use your credit card, try to make a serious plan to double or triple the monthly payments to reduce the interest you’ll pay and to quickly get out of debt. 

William H. Clark Funeral Home, Inc.

Kimberly Blaker is the author of a kid’s STEM book, Horoscopes: Reality or Trickery? She also writes a blog, Modern FamilyStyle at modernfamilystyle.com

1003 Main Street, Stroudsburg, PA 18360 570-421-9000 | www.wmhclarkfuneralhome.com

The Caring Professionals

Gary A. Raish, Supervisor

MONROE COUNTY HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION RECEIVES GRANT FROM STATE By Amy Leiser, Executive Director

Photo courtesy of the Monroe County Historical Association

Monroe County Historical Association

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he Monroe County Historical Association is pleased to announce that the organization has received a $4,000 Cultural and Historical Grant from the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. The one-year grant program distributed funds designated by the State Legislature to support the preservation of Pennsylvania’s history. The Cultural and Historical Support Grant Program, run by the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, awarded nearly $2 million in grants to qualified museums and official county historical societies. Founded in 1921, the Monroe County Historical Association is a cultural and learning center that assists the diverse community of residents and visitors in connecting Monroe County’s past with the present. The historic 1795 Stroud Mansion, located at the corner of Main and 9th Streets in downtown Stroudsburg, serves as the headquarters of the nonprofit organization and houses a local history museum and genealogical research library. 

For additional information of the Monroe County Historical Association, please visit www.MonroeHistorical.org or call (570) 421-7703.

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Pocono Slate Belt Shooting Association A trapshooting club located in Bangor, Pennsylvania

Open to the public. Practice on Tuesdays. 9am till 2pm 4pm to 8pm (after April 1st)

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744 Lake Minsi Dr., Bangor, PA 18013

Nancy Tully, Nikon COOLPIX P900, First Place Tie

The above photo appeared in our October/November Annual Photography issue without a credit to the photographer. We sincerely apologize to the photographer, Nancy Tully, who captured a first place win in the FLORALS category with this fantastic photograph.

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