Final buddhanagar field study report

Field Study Buddhanagar Neighbourhood Structure Er. Amit Pokhrel, Ar. Anju Shrestha, Ar. Babita Thapa, Ar. Emma Shrestha and Ar. Usha Mandal 9/8/2013

To find the exact information of the surveyed area of Buddhanagar, Kathmandu to know whether there is a Neighbourhood structure within Buddhanagar area or not as well as to know how much household are in facilities and utilities services within the surveyed area.

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND

2

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Neighbourhood is the place where people like to to stay. Although these places are routinely defined according to administrative boundaries on the basis of statistical criteria, it is important to carefully consider the way they are circumscribed as they can create spatial analysis problems and produce misleading information. A new approach to defining Neighbourhood units which is based on the integration of elements stemming from the socioeconomic situation of the area, its history, and how it is perceived by local key actors.

3

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

In 1915, Park described these groupings as the results of the competition for land use between various businesses and groups of populations existing without formal organization.

A Neighbourhood is often considered to be a living area as well as a place of work and a family environment. One will find people interacting for utility (grocery stores, medical clinics, schools, recreational parks, etc.), support or mutual aid (exchanges of services), or for pure socialization (the need to create bonds between individuals).

4

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

It is a space we learn to recognize by moving throughout it while carrying social and economic activities such as visiting friends and shopping. The built environment and its social organization can become familiar and could contribute to one's identity.

A Neighbourhood can thus become a reflection of oneself, one's values, aspirations and socioeconomic conditions. It can also be freely selected or determined by these same

5

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

socioeconomic conditions. In short, a Neighbourhood is a place characterized by a specific collection of spatially based features that can be found at a specific geographic scale.

6

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The three spatial levels of the concept of Neighbourhood which are intrinsically connected inside the same area: the home area, the locality and the urban district. The home area refers to belonging and family, where the psycho-social purposes of

7

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Neighbourhood tend to be strongest and it is typically defined by the area within a 5–10 minute walk around someone's residence.

The locality refers to the wider area where residential activities are still highly predictable, familiar, and is visited frequently. The urban district refers to an even larger landscape of social and economic opportunities which might vary considerably from one individual to another. In this way, Neighbourhoods can be seen as overlapping areas in

8

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

relation to one's needs, the whole being centered on the residence. Moreover, the scale of a Neighbourhood shall be very different between urban and rural areas, where notions like distance or local are different.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ďƒ˜ To identify the walkability and school services.

9

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

 To identify the services to make a safe neighborhood.  To identify the problems of dwelling units.  To identify the clusters of housing with community facilities.  To explore several relevant methodological issues related to the definition of Neighbourhood units.

10

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

ďƒ˜ To find the three spatial levels of the concept of Neighbourhood which are intrinsically connected inside the same area: the home area, the locality and the urban district.

11

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Elements of a Great Neighborhood 12

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Certainly, there are other more particular day-to-day concerns facing the neighborhood, and they need to be addressed. Before we address these concerns, however, it will be most helpful if we begin first to think broadly about--to imagine--what qualities good urban neighborhoods should have, what a neighborhood might be and should be, and how it can be the best possible neighborhood for those who live in it.

1. Walk to Shop

13

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

A great neighborhood has everyday stores and services within an easy walk from home. It has stores and shops that satisfy everyday needs within an easy walk from home.

Everyday shops and services include corner groceries, day care, cafes and restaurants, banks, dry cleaners, bakeries and the like. An easy walk is about five to ten minutes.

2. Safe Streets

14

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

A great neighborhood has safe and friendly streets. It has safe and friendly streets. In a great neighborhood people can walk without fear of crime, being threatened by traffic, or being disturbed by excessive noise. People feel like they "belong" on neighborhood streets. Residential streets feel public, and more like open space than traffic ways. Streets are a pleasant part of the neighborhood.

3. Get Around Easily

15

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

A great neighborhood has many ways to get around. It has many choices for moving to, from, and within it. Great neighborhoods make it easy to move about on foot, by bicycle, transit, and auto. They accommodate the car, but allow people to live easily without one.

16

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

4. Housing Choices

17

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

A great neighborhood has a variety of housing types. It has a variety of housing types. A variety of houses; flats and apartments of various size to meet different needs and preferences.

5. Gathering Places

18

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

A great neighborhood has places for people to meet and talk. It has places for people to meet, talk and be neighborly. Public gathering places include parks, plazas, sidewalks, and shops.

6. City Services A great neighborhood has a full range of public services for residents. It has a full range of public services for residents. Public services include parks, schools, police and fire stations, libraries and other amenities.

19

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

7. Special Character A great neighborhood has its own special character. They are shaped by their physical setting, streets, buildings, open spaces, history, culture and the people who live in them. In great neighborhoods these attributes combine in unique and memorable ways.

Great neighborhoods make great cities.

20

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Great neighborhoods make great Cities. Great neighborhoods stand out on their own, yet are connected to the City. They can be a refuge for their residents, but also a part of the city's wider community.

21

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

NEIGHBORHOOD CHARACTERISTICS •

Utilities and Servicing

•

Major public service uses 22

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

Land use ratios: Industrial/Residential & Commercial

•

Servicing and Transportation

•

Water supply, Sewage disposal and Drainage System

•

Emergency services: Police/Hospitals/Fire brigade

•

Land use demands: Residential/Commercial/Industrial

23

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

Open space/Natural areas

24

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure1: General components of Neighborhood

25

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

NEIGHBORHOOD MODULE Traditional neighborhood module Nani is one of the clan settlement units. It is formed by the combination of dwelling cluster types. Orientation of each Nani is toward the center or court.

26

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Nani & the Town The Hierarchical Relationship Nani A + Nani B + ‌

Tole A

Nani A + Nani B + ‌

Mandalika A

Mandalika A + Mandalika B

Town

Figure2: Nani structure in Traditional Settlement

27

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Hierarchy neighborhood in a residential town settlement

Residential Cluster + Residential Cluster = Neighbourhood Quarter

28

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Neighbourhood Quarter + Neighbourhood Quarter = Residential District Residential District + Residential District = Town Settlement

29

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

CHAPTER 3: CASE

STUDY

OF

BUDDHANAGAR

30

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Buddhanagar is located to the north-east of the main road to the way of New Baneswor from Babarmahal. Previously, it was name as chuchol galli but known as Buddhanagar due to presence of statue of Buddha and Buddhist community.

31

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Buddhanagar is one of the blooming areas for the residential neighborhood plan that has

Figure4: Map of Buddhanagar, highlighted study Area

32

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure3: Google map of Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

33

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The total area of Buddhanagar covers around 982 ropanies (49 hectare). The study area covers about 25% (12.25 hectare) of total area which are divided into five quarters. In these quarters, various features are analyzed to observe the various socio-cultural activities at different times.

Quarter A belongs to bungalow type and rest of quarters is flat system houses (mixed uses).

34

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

35

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

36

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure 5: General information of the study area

37

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

HIERARCHY DIVISION OF SPACE

38

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The study area consists of the different hierarchal distribution of area like the area which is near by the road side is captured by commercial use also and the area that is little inner side from the road is purely residential area. Mainly the primary streets are used as a missed used purpose that is containing shops on the ground floor.

Residences inside this area are in different variation in height like one storey to 5 th storey also and are bungalow type as well as flat system on rent etc.

39

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

40

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

41

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

42

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Housing type

43

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure6: Residential area inside the study area Figure7: commercial area on the road side

44

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

BASIC NEIGHBORHOOD ELEMENTS INSIDE THE STUDY AREA Walk to shop

45

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

This neighborhood has easy access to satisfy everyday needs within the accepted walking distance (5-10 minutes).

46

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

47

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.8: walk able distance

48

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Safe streets: Since the streets have mixed use, street seems lively and safer. People can walk without any fear of crime. Streets feel like public and more open space than traffic ways. Footpath is lacking.

The road network divides: •

Primary road

49

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

Secondary road

•

Tertiary road

•

Cul de sac

The road is nearly designed for the concept of pedestrian friendly since there is only flow of public vehicles.

50

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Get around easily: It has many choices for moving to, from and within it. But some of the streets end with the building where people have to walk a lot more to reach the destination. In this case permeability factor is low. It consumes more time and less efficiency.

51

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

52

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.9: Street Networking

53

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Housing choices: the study area of this

neighborhood

consists

of

mainly two types of hosing choices i.e. bungalow type and flat system rented building in which mostly

Fig.10: House Ownership Chart

54

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

the ground floor used as the commercial purpose. The houses which are near by the road are mainly mixed type (Commercial Residential). And the houses found on the inner area are mainly bungalow type.

55

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Gathering places: The people can gather in banquet hall, school’s playground to meet, talk and be neighborly. They also form their own organization known as "Buddhanagar development

Fig.11: Columbus School

56

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

committee" which performs their different public activity in the open spaces of the school.

The study area also consists of the one newly made banquet hall in which people gather to perform their parties and other activities.

City services:

57

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

It has full range of public services for residents. These include school, police post, hospitals, commercial, road networking, etc. small shops used for the daily purpose are also found in the community.

1. Police post

58

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The police post is situated on the west peripheral site. This police post serves 24 hours services for the safety and security inside the community, which can be also consider as the integral part of the complete neighborhood.

59

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

60

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

2. Elementary school

61

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The study areas contain elementary school: Columbus School, Kavya School, South point school under which 40-55% of the student belongs to the Buddhanagar community.

Schools/College in Buddhanagar 1. Columbus School (inside the study area) 2. Kavya School (Primary+ Secondary) (inside the study area) 3. Northpoint School (Primary School)

62

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

4. Southpoint School (Primary School) (inside the study area) 5. National Academy (Primary School) 6. Buddha public School (inside the study area) 7. KITS Nursing College 8. Alfa-beta Institute (inside the study area)

63

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

South point school contains 40% students from the Buddhanagar among them around 27% of the students come from our study area and remaining 13% comes outward from the study area but they belongs from the Buddhanagar. Similarly another school contains 53% of the students from the Buddhanagar among which 28.5% from the study area and remaining from the outside of study area but from Buddhanagar. And the remaining 47% from the other parts like Bhaktapur, Shankhamul, Old Baneswor, Babarmahal etc

64

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

Class: play group to V class

•

Number of student around the territory=56

•

Walking student=55

•

From van A , the student comes from: Pulchowk-Imadol-Kharibot-KotesworShankhamul-Buddhanagar=12 students

•

From van A again-Newroad-Mahankal-Bir hospital side=4 student

65

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

From van B, the student comes from: Maitidevi-Shantinagar-Mid BanesworGuheswor-Babarmahal-Thapagaun-Buddhanagar= 15 student

•

From

van

B

again:

Koteswoe-Jadibuti-Gathaghar-Balkot-Nyatapole-

Suryabinayak-Baneswor-Buddhanagar=20 students •

From different pockets of Buddhanagar, Swet binayak marga= 7/8 students

66

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

67

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

68

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.12: Distribution of students in South Point School

69

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

70

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.13: Distribution of students in Columbus School

71

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

3. Open space The study area consists of the private open space as a vacant land rather than a public open space. One triangular public open space is situated on the east side of the study area

72

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

which function as children’s playing as well as the parking space in the present time.

Furthermore the other open or vacant open land use as vegetation. And some of the vacant lands are used by the children as a playground.

73

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

74

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

75

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

76

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.14: open spaces (private and public)

77

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig.15: private vacant Fig.16: landPublic used asopen a space used for Parking basketball court at present and Playing

Fig.1: Typical section of building 78

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

4. Services and facilities:

79

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

They start their day by going temples (Ganesh temple, Durga temple) indicated by triangular shape. Elementary schools are indicated as circular shape. Dhobi khola and Bagmati River are also shown connected with Shankhamul road. Hams hospital is also distinctly shown in the plan for emergency health services.

80

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

5. Transportation and parking

Figure17: Dhurga Temple

Vehicular access is limited in Buddhanagar. Public vehicles are available only to the border of Shankhamul and from Araniko highway. Inside this area, it is served by the street loop road system.

81

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The southern part of Buddhanagar has good access from all directions, Street providing direct east-west connections to buddhanagar and Krishna tower and north-south connection to babarmahal-koteswor road network.

Since the area was planned and developed as an auto-oriented, low density commercialindustrial area, there is adequate parking in the area.

82

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

83

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure19: Parking near by the House Figure 18: Public Transportation Area

84

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

6. Utilities The area is well serviced by utilities, like water, sewer, drainage

and

electricity

services. Drinking water is

85

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

available through government line and through boring, well etc. solid waste disposal is carried out through the government and through club. There is a major overhead electrical power transmission line passing through the western edge of the area. From a redevelopment and aesthetics perspective, this transmission line is a major constraint for the development opportunities in this area. Existing overhead secondary distribution power lines through Buddhanagar will need to be shifted where they are impacted by the new public roadway construction.

86

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure20: Overhead Electrical Line

87

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

88

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure21: Utility Chart

89

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

7. Small shops

90

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

•

Groceries

46

•

Jwellary shop

4

•

Stationery

11

•

Fruit shop

4

•

Cafe & Tea shop

15

•

Pharmacy

2

•

Tailoring

13

•

Tv repairing

3

•

Cosmetic & beauty parlor

14

•

Hardware

3

•

Fast food

11

•

Gas depo

6

•

Clothing store

9

•

Garage

4

•

Barber shop

6

•

Office including NGO’S

6

•

Dairy product=3

3

•

Finance

2

•

Electric appliances=6

6

•

Cyber

3

91

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The study area contains the small shops for the daily needs. The ground floors of the buildings near by the road contains different type of shops like groceries, barber shop, jeweler shops, cafĂŠ, restaurants etc. these shops make the street alive by the flow of people for the search of their needs.

92

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Figure22: Shops Chart

93

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Socio-economic aspect: The town form, street patterns and open space hierarchy including building components have different layers of socio-religious meanings, developed in different time period, which forms the collective memory and shared values of communities.

Gradual development phase of Buddhanagar

94

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The timeline of Buddhanagar shows the gradual development of infrastructure and the population size. These pictures show the improvement of services with the compactness of living due to opportunity in the capital city Kathmandu valley. In the same way, there is gradual decrement of quality of services due to rapid increment of population.

The Aerial map of 2003 show that there are many land still not used for developments and it clearly defines that there is a natural environment within the built environment. The overall map indicates that in the core and outer area, there are still many unused or green

95

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

or open land to be there with no change in it. The figure directly explains that there is many vacant land within Buddhanagar which representing its natural aspects within the area.

Similary the Aerial map of 2007 indicates that the earlier open lands or vacant space was filled up by built environment in many places within Buddhanagar. As we see in this map that the core and outer area was filled up by built environment and very few land was left

96

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

to change in built environment; which directly shows that the rise in population density is the main reason to occupy by built environment.

Similary the map of 2010 clearly shows now that there is a limited land within the area and most part are used by built for development of commercialized and for private residences, due to increase number of population, which supports for a Neighbourhood point of view too. and the latest data available from 2013 Aerial map shows that, there is few countable land only and whole area was covered by concrete jungles leaving no

97

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

spaces for greenary and natural environment which is the biggest threat for cultivating the grains to live a life in sustainable manner.

98

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Timeline Situation of Buddhanagar •

Aerial map of 2003 

Greenary or open or vacant land are mostly presence in this map, which shows that the open or vacant land are used for grainary means or for

99

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

agriculture means to sustain life and the other parts are surrounded by built environment •

Aerial map of 2007 

The situation comes to be changed while travelling time from 2003 to 2007. The spaces which was mostly vacant is now filled up by many built concrete and fewer lands are yet to be filled due to rise in population due

100

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

to opportunity in capital as well as due to country under threat due to maoist revolution from the past year. •

Aerial map of 2010 

Within the 3 years time from 2007 to 2010, the left portion of vacant land was occupied by houses and many built structures within this area. Now only few land were left there and we can count it, this situation was due

101

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

to increase in population from around the country to stay in capital city as welll as due to centralization. •

Aerial map of 2013 

The passage of time shows that the place like Buddhanagar was to be empty during ealier years but now a days it seems that the most part of this area is covered by concrete jungles and this situation is due to the countries internal problem including maoist revolution which disturbed

102

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

much to the citizens of Nepal, which created population density to be increased in capital city as well as due to centralization, the opportunity is higher in capital than in the regional area, which within the 15 years, people flew in capital for business, quality education, employment, to go abroad and due to perspective to be in one way for living in the cities which is rich in cultural and easy to access for what the people needs in their life.

103

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

104

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

105

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig23: Buddhanagar in 2003

Fig24: Buddhanagar in 2007

106

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Fig25: Buddhanagar in 2010

Fig26: Buddhanagar in 2013

107

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Chapter:4 4.1 Neighbourhood Structure as an Analysis Tool Field study emphasize the importance of the method used to define Neighbourhood structure. This is of the utmost concern given the effect this definition can have on the study. The use of borders established more or less arbitrarily can generate serious information biases and reduce the validity of analyses.

108

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

As the Neighbourhood integrates place as well as people, its conceptualization must consider characteristics of both place and people, and the interaction between them. It must also consider that a neighbourhood is always a part of a larger whole.

109

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

4.2 Methods Studied Area We conducted this study in five places (Marga) of the Buddhanagar. They were selected for their comparability on certain aspects and contrasts on others. Furthermore, they

110

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

represent three basic types of milieus, namely a local area, a suburban and a business area (a source for income housing).

In order to produce a set of neighbourhood units as close as possible to the way the territories are built, lived, and perceived, meaning where the neighborhood’s idiosyncrasy is best represented, a three-prong approach was developed combining and integrating historical, socioeconomic and perceptual viewpoints.

The Historical Perspective

111

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Buddhanagar is located to the north-east of the main road to the way of New Baneswor from Babarmahal. Previously, it was name as chuchol galli but known as Buddhanagar due to presence of statue of Buddha and Buddhist community. Buddhanagar is one of the blooming areas for the residential neighborhood plan that has grown and changed over time. The total area of Buddhanagar covers around 982 ropanies (49 hectare). The study area covers about 25% (12.25 hectare) of total area which are divided into five quarters.

112

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

In these quarters, various features are analyzed to observe the various socio-culture activities at different times.

This perspective is based on locating all institutional, private or public demarcations used during the past years before the beginning of Neighbourhood concept started in Nepal.

The period was considered since it is about the average duration of an adult's active life.

The collected limits could be, for instance, from primary schools' catchment area,

113

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Regional planning units, fire or police security dispatch zones, municipalities or parishes' boundaries.

Different maps have been collected for each studied territory. Every single limit of each map was weighted according to four criteria: the length of utilization, the decade of use, the relevance of a limit according to the research theme and the collected information's accuracy.

A topological structure was made using street network for Buddhanagar. Every segment of the topological structure was given a weight according to the four criteria. Natural

114

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

breaks in the distribution of those weights served as class thresholds for defining the frequency of the limits use: very often, often, sometimes and never.

The Socioeconomic Perspective For the definition of Neighbourhood structure according to a socioeconomic perspective, Material deprivation is mainly associated with education, employment and income,

115

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

whereas social deprivation refers primarily to parenting, marital status, age and living alone. Both dimensions of deprivation are in fact the two main components of a principal component analysis carried out on the above socioeconomic indicators.

In order to provide a unique statistical representation of deprivation for each territory, we carried out a cluster analysis by dissemination area for each aspect. We used the cluster analysis since the results generated are more compact than those obtained by the hierarchical method, exclude any possibility of overmatching and maximize the internal groupings' homogeneity. Following preliminary analyses, we determined that five groups were adequate to spatially reveal the main deprivation differences. Each group brings together data with similar factor scores on both deprivation aspects.

116

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The result of this approach is mainly cartographic, offering a portrait of the population's material and social conditions' internal diversity. It allows locating places with similar levels of deprivation into five groups, from most privileged to most deprived, and the evaluation of the level of adjacency for each of the five groups. The five groups or quarters or area represent the area taken within the Buddhanagar area or teritory.

The Perception Perspective

117

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

For this perspective, a focus-group type work was carried out with local respondents who have had knowledge of our five study areas. We chose to intereact with locals because they bring a valuable and coherent point of view of the territory since they can both look at it as a whole and give advice about its interactions with the region, and discuss specific details within it.

In each territory, we held an interview of three hours for locals coming from activity sectors such as community groups, school board, and community health and social services. Twenty people per territory took part in this interview. The goal was to collect their overall perception of the territory, to understand what a neighbourhood structure 118

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

meant to them, to insure the integration of the three perspectives, and to circumscribe a set of neighbourhood units.

Before the Questionnaire, all the local respondents were informed of the objectives and the context of the study as well as the interview already carried out on their territory for the definition of neighbourhood structure, e.g. the result of the historical and statistical perspectives.

119

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

It was essential to provide this information at the beginning of the Interview in order to give a basis on which to work and on which respondents could reach a consensus. We then asked the respondents or participants to map out, according to them, what would be their personal proposal of neighbourhood structure on their territory by leaving them completely free to use any criteria they considered most significant.

120

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

They could select or discard layouts suggested by the historical and statistical perspective and/or modify them according to other criteria they considered relevant.

Only two constraints of a statistical nature were established. The first constraint was that units must gather an integer number of dissemination areas; this criterion allowing units to be perfectly compatible with Statistics available census data and other databases. The second constraint was that the units should contain approximately 5,000 inhabitants (+/3,000) to carry out analyses about rare events (low birth-weight, death rate, etc.) with the minimum level needed for statistical significance, and to keep a local perspective. There is no gold standard number for neighbourhood structure analysis and the selected values are always more or less arbitrary.

121

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The historical perspective identified the most frequently used limits generated by public services, local policy or by urban infrastructures for its recent history.

The socioeconomic perspective offered a picture of the current deprivation status while locating some spatial clusters.

The perception perspective not only provided useful information on social interactions, sense of belonging, accessibility to various services, and on local characteristics, but also made it possible to integrate the whole procedure. It is with this procedure that we

122

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

obtained a final set of neighbourhood structure among which we investigated Neighbourhood characteristics at the local scale.

4.3 Neighbourhood Structure Analysis: Based on inner characteristics and the geographic scale there are two main categories of elements that need to be considered when identifying a neighbourhood structure: the inner characteristics and the geographic scale.

123

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The inner characteristics refer to everything that could be considered an important element to characterize a neighbourhood. A neighbourhood concept has provided the most complete listing of those elements, grouping them in ten groups: structural, infrastructural, demographic, class status, public services, environmental, proximity, political, social-interactive and sentimental characteristics. We agree with this general and integrative definition of a neighbourhood, which is "a bundle of spatially based attributes associated with a cluster of residences, sometime in conjunction with other land uses.

However, obviously no neighbourhood can be homogeneous with regard to all these elements.

124

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Instead, it is characterized by a specific combination of homogeneity and/or heterogeneity of a few or many elements that make a neighbourhood different from its surrounding.

This is known as the neighborhood’s idiosyncrasy. All these refer to some specific aspect of a territory's reality. We believe that this reality shall be best represented if they are all taken into account when one tries to define neighbourhood structure.

125

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The geographic scale is also an important aspect to consider when defining neighbourhoods structure. Indeed, their relation to the territory and their principal characteristics might change with the scale.

It can be determined by the dominant function of each of three spatial levels of the concept of Neighbourhood which are intrinsically connected inside the same area: the home area, the locality and the urban district. The home area refers to belonging and family, where the psycho-social purposes of neighbourhood tend to be strongest and it is typically defined by the area within a 5–10 minute walk around someone's residence.

126

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The locality refers to the wider area where residential activities are still highly predictable, familiar, and is visited frequently. The urban district refers to an even larger landscape of social and economic opportunities which might vary considerably from one individual to another.

In this way, Neighbourhoods can be seen as overlapping areas in relation to one's needs, the whole being centered on the residence. Moreover, the scale of a neighbourhood shall be very different between urban and rural areas, where notions like distance or local are different. Therefore, the concept of neighbourhood is not necessarily confined to urban milieus; it could simply be another way to express the idiosyncrasy at a proper geographic scale.

127

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Unfortunately, there is no magic formula that could bring together all relevant elements of a neighbourhood to create an all-purpose spatial grid. However, we believe that the two categories of elements described earlier, e.g. the inner characteristics and the scale, are particularly relevant for defining spatial units related to environment, and that choices are to be made regarding those elements before defining neighbourhood structure. What follows are the choices we made that led to the creation of geographical units that could be used to manage the multidimensional concept of neighbourhood.

128

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

129

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Chapter: 5 130

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Discussion This study is an implementation of a multi-perspective for defining Neighbourhood structure in five quarters (or territories or pockets or groups) located in the Buddhanagar.

Our purpose was two-fold. First, we wanted to show how it is possible to integrate different ways of defining neighbourhood structure and produce significant information on necessary information variations at a local scale.

131

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Second, we sought to incorporate the point of view of local respondents in defining such structure in order to facilitate the exchange of knowledge between researchers and local Stakeholders. Results show that this survey was feasible and successful. Three methodological approaches were integrated to delineate neighbourhood structure in the selected territories or pockets. Socioeconomic and structural variations were found between neighbourhood structure and within territories, and these variations raised much interest among local stakeholders.

132

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

We have seen that in defining neighbourhood structure, each perspective had its role or input in the process.

The historical approach reveals boundaries usually inherited from the institutional framework which significantly cut out the territory, and to evaluate the presence, the strength, or the coherence of the spatial frame of reference. The socioeconomic approach rather highlights the actual homogeneity or heterogeneity of a territory's deprivation and its spatial distribution. Provided with these two geographical representations, local respondents can determine which elements of these perspectives, or other elements drawn from their own experience, are most significant in defining neighbourhood structure.

133

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

We consider this whole process fundamental to render the concept of Neighbourhood operational, since it uses an objective methodology that integrates elements of subjectivity and reflects the singularity of the territory. Indeed, inner characteristics identified by respondents were aspects which could only be pointed out by people having an intimate experience of the territory. What distinguishes one Neighbourhood from another is the way various specific elements combine among themselves, thereby conferring its idiosyncrasy to the Neighbourhood.

The scale at which Neighbourhood structure were constructed was mainly determined by two features: the historical boundaries that qualify the general spatial frame of reference,

134

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

especially in local environments, and the statistical constraint that keeps Neighbourhood populations in the range of 2,000 to 8,000.

Even though the spatial frame of reference was very different for the urban boroughs of pockets A to Pockets E, it is interesting to note that criteria evoked by local key respondents during the Questionnaire were often the same for surveyed places.

135

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Indeed, main roads or inner roads, housing types, the general level of deprivation, the presence of social contacts and historical aspects were all important elements used as guideposts by the respondents from Buddhanagar (The surveyed locations).

Thus, it was possible to integrate the historical and socioeconomic perspectives by having resorted to the local respondents' personal knowledge.

136

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Indeed, results showed an efficient way to present general outcomes at the local scale that could be easily understood by local stakeholders. Each one of these structure had its own characteristics; however, it should be known that no characteristic was used as a global beacon for a unit's definition. Consequently, local respondents individually bounded each one of these structure according to one or several of these indicators that specifically characterized them.

Nevertheless, our work was not carried out without difficulty. Moreover, keeping a structure's population within an interval of 2,000 to 8,000 individuals was sometimes awkward for questionnaire respondents.

137

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

However, in the context of Neighbourhood structure studies carried out at a local level and for reasons of statistical precision, it was not possible to reduce the size of neighbourhood units. When very small populations are involved, perhaps other types of analyses, more qualitative in nature, would be more appropriate.

In an area like Buddhanagar, the same kind of problems arose but with greater impact on the significance of the final set of structure or units, and for several reasons first, it was harder to find homogeneity or some socioeconomic similarity in this area because of the large expanse of the area and the low population density.

138

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

We also noted from local respondents' comments that the Buddhanagar area, at the local scale, was perceived to have a level of heterogeneity that is seldom observed in an urban area, second, indicators mentioned by Buddhanagar questionnaire respondents differed in nature from those mentioned for the urban boroughs.

Those indicators reflected indeed a very different social reality and were adapted according to the scale at which space is used by the inhabitants. Consequently, the neighbourhood concept took a new dimension here and often extended to bordering municipalities with which social or administrative contacts were more frequent and common.

139

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

In this field study, the concept of neighbourhood is rarely used in relation to the countryside and defining neighbourhood structure in urban and sub-urban areas now represents an important methodological challenge. Based on our study, we can suggest that neighbourhood structures are entities which share many institutions and public services and are often linked by an economic pole. It is mainly through these elements that our neighbourhood structures were created.

The quality of our final set of neighbourhood structure, in Buddhanagar, can be closely related to the quality and diversity of the local key respondents who took part in questionnaire and an interview. However, the results' significant value comes precisely

140

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

from the fact that, in spite of their various expertises, they succeeded in reaching a consensus on the neighborhoods’ representations.

This procedure strengthened the final divisions, which we believe would not have been significantly different had we interviewed with other local key respondents, especially in different pockets of Buddhanagar areas. In fact, boundaries were selected without much discussion as they were already known by respondents.

141

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

The method presented in this field study provides a set of geographical units based on a consensus made by local respondents. With this consensus, we believe their spatial distribution can be used to qualify their idiosyncrasy relating the Neighbourhood structures.

Also, as our final set of Neighbourhood structure was not compared with more conventional ones, based exclusively on socioeconomic indicators, for instance, we do not know if this set brings greater geographical disparities and provides more useful

142

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

insights into the determinants of necessary required informations of Buddhanagar surveyed pockets.

In our opinion, the present study makes an original and important contribution to the field of research on Neighbourhood. Fist, it gives substance to an ambiguous and vague concept. Second, it exemplifies a three-fold approach for defining Neighbourhood structure that goes beyond the usual socioeconomic criteria and administrative statistical units. Third, it considers not only cities but also rural areas, which are usually ignored in such study. Fourth, it shows how fruitful links can be created with local stakeholders and knowledge exchange facilitated. Finally, it proposes an approach which is reproducible 143

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

elsewhere, in under-developed and developing countries, despite differences in local information systems and local decision makers.

Buddhanagar Neighbourhood Survey (By using these question pattern for questionnaire, respondents helped us to know their view and from all that relevant data, the data are taken and using all that ,Charts and bar diagram is taken under following basis: Respondents are 50 to 70 from all pockets and

144

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

estimating the population chart as 10 person each from each pocket and assuming 10 as 100%, the charts and bar diagrams are prepared.)

Questionnaire 1. What are the top three concerns about your neighbourhood? a. People Issue b. Crime & Safety

145

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

c. Traffic speeding & Parking d. School & green space e. Facilities: Watersupply, drainage and solid waste disposal

146

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

147

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

f. Upkeep of Neighbourhood Neighbourhood concerns People issue Crime & safety Traffic speeding & parking School & green space facilities: w/s, drainage, road, disposal Upkeep of neighbourhood

People’s view in % 19 22 19 11 16 14

148

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

149

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

150

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

2. What are the four things you like best about living in your Neighbourhood? a) Living close to park space b) Neighbours c) Living close to shopping

151

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d) Quiet & secluded

152

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

153

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Population in percentage quiet and secluded living close to shopping

Best neighbourhood factors 40 30

154

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Neighbours Living close to park space

35 50

155

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

156

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

3. What are the four things you like best about living in your Neighbourhood? a. Minimal traffic b. Living close to work c. Living close to major link roads

157

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d. Sense of belonging e. Housing design & value

158

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

159

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

160

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

161

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Population in number 5 7 20 15 20

Best neighbourhood factors Housing design and value Sense of belonging living close to major link roads living close to work Minimal traffic

162

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

163

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

164

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

4. In your opinion, what is the most important factor that makes a neighbourhood safe? a) Cleanliness b) Lighting c) Healthy environment

165

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d) Clean air, water & soil e) Housing & street design f) Knowing your neighbours g) Police h) School i) Traffic speed

166

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

167

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

168

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Population in percentage Cleanliness Lighting Healthy environment Clean air, water & soil Housing & street design Knowing your neighbours Police

Neighbourhood safety factors 20 25 15 10 5 17 13

169

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

School Traffic speed

21 19

170

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

171

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

5. In your opinion, what are the top 3 things Neighbourhood should focus on? a. Being a voice for community planning b. Community safety c. Support those in needs d. Community intereact with newcomers

172

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

173

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

174

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Population in percentage Being a voice for community planning Community safety Support those in needs Community interact with newcomers

Focus on Neighbourhood 5 25 10 15

175

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

176

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

6. What are the top 3 qualities that make a great Neighbourhood? a. Clean & green b. Knowing your neighbours c. Helping your neighbours d. Participating in community activities

177

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

e. Well planned & designed Response percent Clean and green Knowing your neighbours Helping your neighbours Participate in community activities Well planned and designed

Great Neighbourhood 75 60 25 15 85

178

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

179

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

180

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

181

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

7. If you know people in your neighbourhood, how did you get to know them (Neighbourhood activity)? a) Walking in neighbourhood b) Through mutual friends c) Through neighbourhood associations like social clubs,

182

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d) Through common interest or issue of concern e) Through children & school People and activity in percent Through children, school Through common interest or issue of concern Through neighbourhood association Through mutual friends Walking in Neighbourhood

Neighbourhood activity 35 30 25 20 15

183

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

184

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

185

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

186

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

187

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

8. How can you indicate the Housing style in your Neighbourhood? a. Multiplex b. Duplex c. Single family home with rent

188

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d. Single family home e. Apartment

Housing use in percent Apartment Single family home Single family home with rent Duplex

Housing style 0 65 80 5

189

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Multiplex

25

190

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

191

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

192

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

(Note: Duplex means-A duplex house is a dwelling having apartments with separate entrances for two households. and Butwal powe company limited building is duplex and Multiplex means-A building, especially a movie theater or dwelling, with multiple separate units. and in buddhanagar there is a multiplex which has a theatre and qfx with small department centre)

9. How can you indicating the ownership of your home in Neighbourhood?

193

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

a. Own b. Rent c. Not applicable

Response in percent Own Rent

Ownership of your home 75 35

194

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Not applicable

0

195

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

196

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

197

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

10. What are the Facilities in Buddhanagar, surveyed at different pockets? a) Solid waste disposal b) Watersupply c) Drainage

198

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Category 1 Category 2 Category 3 Category 4

Water supply 30%

Drainage 80%

Solid waste disposal 70%

50%

80%

70%

20%

70%

90%

10%

70%

90%

199

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

200

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

201

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Category 4 Solid waste disposal

Category 3

Drainage Watersupply

Category 2 Category 1 0%

20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

202

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

(In different pockets we see some difference regarding facilities and services. Somewhere we see presence of watersupply is more but at other pocket there is less service in comparison to other pockets, were we surveyed it while studying Neighbourhood structure in Buddhanagar. Due to increase in population in Kathmandu valley, the demand is high in comparison to supply. and due to increase in demand, the supply is poor for some area. and some where ground water by pump are pumped out. Due to population, the watersupply corporation provide watersupply within the given time when they say; that’s the main reason, we see some where water and in some where no watersupply.)

203

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

11. Mode of Transportation a) From krishna tower b) Baneswor c) Shankhamul

204

Surveyed Pockets

Respondent’s No. of Age group( m/f) Male Female Building name families yrs/month period A report to study of neighborhood structure started(B.S) Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

swetbinayak marga

Krishna kumari shrestha Sukra acharya Jagat maan shrestha sundar dhakal Alok dhakal

6

62/15m 60/35/11f

2male

3female

2046

8

59/24/22/19m 57/23/19/3month f 35/7 m 32 f 44/35/23 m

4male

4female

2056

2male

1female

2055

3male

0

2052

1male

4female

2050

sriram dhundel santosh maharjan

3

50m 45/30/24/22f 60/22m 30f 70/50m 65/49/26/28f

2male

1female

2050

2male

4female

2065

bhawana marga lumbini galli gangadevi marga nemuni marga nemuni

lalaita maharjan sita chaudhary jait bdr maharjan mira banyal

2

1male

1female

2050

1male

4female

2051

3male

4female

2025

1male

2female

2051

bishal rawal

4

2male

2female

2050

swetbinayak

gita acharya

3

1male

2female

2067

bhawana marga swetbinayak marga swetbinayak marga swetbinayak marga swetbinayak marga

maheshlal karmacharya sulochana pradhan surya prasad neupane sudan shrestha haribhakta maharjan

6

3male

3female

3male

3female

renovated new at 2051 2053

4male

1female

2055

2male

2female

2051

5male

1female

2058

nemuni marga bhawana marga durga marga

mayyadevi manandhar sudhir bista

5

3male

2female

2043

3male

2female

2041

mohan acharya nilbhakta shrestha Amrita aryal

5

45m 40f 45m 44/27/25/22f 62/63/40m 60/61/35/29f 75m 70/39f 30/7m 29/5f 45m 40/22f 50/40/35m 45/37/29f 55/30/19month-m 50/29/19month f 80/65/60/30m 62f 84/44m 39/17f 77/55/42/35/ 29m 24f 70/45/16m 44/12f 49/31/17m 45/14f 84/55/29m 47/27f 55/29m 50/25/23f 84/50/4m 75/50f 50/35/11/9m 47/30f 70/50/29m 65/48f 50/27/7m 46/25/3f

3mlae

2female

2052

2male

3female

2051

3male

2female

4male

2female

in rent from last 15 yrs 2059

3male

2female

2055

3male

3female

in 2038 buy land and 205 to live started

bhawana marga Lumbini galli bhawana marga shram marga shram marga shram marga

shram marga swetbinayak marga bhawana biraj marga khatiwada durga marga gunmaya devi durga marga sundar shakya

3 3 5

6

5 7 3

6 5 4 6

5

5 5 6 5 6

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

d) Bijuli bazaar Transportation From krishna tower Baneswor Shankhamul Bijulibazaar

70% 20% 15% 5%

206

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

207

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

208

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

209

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Buddhanagar Neighbourhood Survey: Respondents details of surveyed area

CONCLUSION The concept of the neighbourhood is well established as a basic unit for planning our cities. Further, it is a popular and accepted (though often vague) element of social and physical organization in the minds of the engineers, architects and city designers. The 210

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

neighbourhood has become the symbols , through conscious designs of a means to preserve the real or imagined values of an earlier, semi-rural way of life in our increasing complex and fast moving urban centers. unqualified criticsm of it would be unair and un warranted .

The modern concept of the neighbourhood and for that matter , many of the more recent version of the neighbourhood unit or structure derive from the notion that the neighbourhoods will be composed of aggregations of “average� families and may be a miscellaneous relative like containing both the social and physical attributes within neighbourhood stability. Actually families of this sort comprise less than half of the families occupying dwelling units in our cities.

211

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Even for those families that conform to the average , the planned neighbourhood does not necessarily provide the ideal living environment. This is not to say that many of the elements that are being incorporated into contemporary neighbourhoods are not sound, i.e. who can argue against the advisability of diverting speed and volume traffic away from living areas, especially when children are walking to the school or playing in the nearby open playground.

212

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

while this report has been devoted primarily to the discussion of techniques for delimiting the neighbourhoods, it unavoidably has dealt with certain subjective evaluations of the neighbourhood theory. Drawing the boundaries of a neighbourhood , if these boundaries are to serve as a frame of reference for actual physical change , will affect significantly the kinds of neighbourhoods that results.

213

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

There seems to be a great need for integration in neighbourhoods- integration of different kinds of people, different kinds of dwellings, and different kinds of ideas. utilization of as many criteria of neighbourhood identification as are available may provide the tools to build better new neighbourhoods and to recognize the strenght and weakness of existing ones.

A willingness to go further than adopting a neat set of standards based upon a 100 year old concept as the guide for all residential development in the city is necessary, if we are to provide the variety of living areas suited to the variety of people who live in the city like Kathmandu and the place like Buddhanagar which has its own histrorical, sociological, economical and perception value from the earlier years.

214

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

215

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

216

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

217

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

218

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

BIBLIOGRAPHY http://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2012/02/25/the-importance-of-strongneighborhoods/ http://www.nij.gov/topics/technology/maps/gps-bulletin-v2i2.pdf

219

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

http://www.sf-planning.org/index.aspx?page=1704 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socioeconomic_status A study on Buddhanagar-

Book named as “Buddhanagar Darpan�; Published by

Buddhanagar Development Committee(2061 B.S).

Urban and Environmental planning in Nepal by Ambika Prasad Adhikari http://www.worldbank.org/ www.cityplanning.org/europe

220

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

Babbit, Bruce.2005.’How to Rebuild New City’, Newyork Times, Alonso, William.1971. “A theory of the urban land market in the subtopic Internal structure of the city, edited by Larry.S. Bourne. Newyork: Oxford University Press. www.cwac.net/landuse/index on july 21,2008 www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/03/09/eco.cities/index.html on july 28,2008 www.urbanandregionalplanning/london www.gos.gov.uk/gol/Culture_leisure/Tourism/?a=42496

221

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

GUEST, AVERY M., JANE K. COVER, ROSS L. MATESEUDA, AND CHARISE E. KUBRIN.2006. “Neighbourhood Context and Neighbouring Ties.” City & Community www.elibrary.au/ Planned development and Residential segregation- Gordon, Tracy www.knowledgegain.com/Urbanism Berkeley publication Journal: University of California press

222

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

HEVESI, DENNIS.2001. “East New york: A Neighbourhood Reborn.” Newyork Times, June 10, pp. RE1,10

223

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

(Appendix-II) BOUNDARY 1-2-3-4

No. of Activity House 1 equation center 2

Type commercial

No.of storey -

House No. -

Location -

Residence 224

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

3

institutional

4

school kantipur AIMS

5

clothes

mixed

6

Meat closed

mixed 2shutter

Institute

2½

225

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

7 8 9

bajaj servicing cafe, furniture, hardware, electricity shops

mixed 3 shutter mixed

3

mixed 3s

3

1

226

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

10

mixed 2s Residence

3

12

mixed

5

13

mixed

5

mixed

3½

11

14

grocery parlor Residence

2 grocery

3

227

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

closed 15

3s mixed

3

16

furniture

mixed

2

17 18

jwellary

3 2

19

grocery

mixed mixed 2s mixed

3 228

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

20 21

hotel/dairy mixed

22

mixed 2s Residence

23

Residence

ganapati overseas office stationery ward office

3 4½ 3 4

229

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

24

mixed

grocery

4½

25

mixed 4s

3½

26

mixed

2 closed salon tailor grocery

27

Residence

3 3

230

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

28

tahara

29

Residence

30

Residence

31

Residence

32

Residence 231

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

33

mixed

cold store cafe

3½

34

Residence

2½

35

Residence

2½

15/2

36

232

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

37

Residence

3

38

Residence

3½

39

Residence

boy store

4

40

commercial

cold store)temporarily

-

-

41

Residence

3

351

39

-

233

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

42

Residence

4

373

43

Residence

4

-

-

44

mixed

4

-

-

45

mixed

3

-

-

grocery cloth store

234

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

tailor 46

Residence

47

mixed

grocery

3

48

mixed

gift shop,milk dairy

3½

459

49

Residence

3½

469

235

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

50

mixed

grocery

4

485

51

Residence

boys hostel

2½

52

mixed

4

53

mixed

cyber, pharmacy,barbershop fast food

4

375

54

mixed

3 grocery

4½

417 236

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

55 56

mixed mixed

closed shop workshop,grocery

2 3½

57

Residence

58

mixed

closed

3

59

mixed

2hardware,parlor 237

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

tailor,fastfood,cosmeti c 60

grocery,photostudio cafe, closed

3

61

mixed 4s Residence

62

mixed

mechanic, cycle shop fast food

temporary

238

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

63

-

64

construction site Residence

65

Residence

Residence

4

66

mixed

67

mixed

furniture

1 temporary 1

-

-

4

239

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

68

mixed

‘’ ‘’ ‘’

1

69

commercial

office

2½

70

mixed 3s Residence

grocery

2½

71

2½

39/23

240

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

73

mixed

2

43

74

Residence

3

57

75

Residence

3

65/20

76

mixed

CWISH NGO

3

78

school

south point boarding

3

95 241

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

79

school

‘’ ‘’

‘’

80

mixed

books and stationery

81

Residence

Residence

82

Residence

Residence

3 3

121

3

228

242

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

83

Residence

Residence

3½

194

84

Residence

Residence

3

186

85

Residence

Residence

4

178

86

Residence

Residence

3

172

87

mixed

cosmetic

156 243

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

88 89

Residence

90

mixed

grocery

92

mixed

grocery with recharge card shop

3½

146/15

3½

10

244

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

93

Residence

3

60

94

Residence

2

52

95

4

36

96

mixed 1s Residence

97

Residence

grocery

30 3½

26 245

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

98 99

mixed

100

mixed

101

service centre

buddhanagar wall fence beauty parlor 2 stationery grocery, liquor bakery

246

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

102

mixed

momo shop

3

247

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

248

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

249

A report to study of neighborhood structure Buddhanagar, New Baneshwor

250