Los Avances del México Contemporáneo: 1955-2015 Tomo III La Política y la Administración Pública by Políticas Públicas

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica &7:FI;U <E <C K<OKF D<E:@FE8;F <E C8J CVE<8J GI<:<;<EK<J 8C>F HL< <J F9M@F D8E@d<JKF 3F?BF7 D7 @=G;63 5@? 8C75F7?5;3 7? 3AC7DFC363D C78@C>3D ?@C>3E;G3D ;9?@C3?6@ BF7 7= E;7>A@ D7 G7?93 67 =@ BF7 :357>@D D;? DF 5@=34@C35;T? =3 =F5:3 A@C 7= 67C75:@ aJ >OD =3 8C39F3 67 F? ?F7G@ 7C75:@ A3F=3E;?@ J A7?7EC3?E7a ?@ 7D =34@C 67 F? 6R3 @ D347? BF;7?7D D7 :3? 383?36@ 7? 7DE3 7>AC7D3 5@>@ =@ DFA@ 7= 3FE@C 67= @AVD5F=@ 36>;C34=7 BF7 ==7G3 3BF7= EREF=@ D3 E3C73 A@?7 3 ACF743 =3 A35;7?5;3 =3 5@?DE3?5;3 J =3 7?E7C7K3 '7 67DA=;793 7? =3C9@ J 6;8R5;= C75@CC;6@ 5@? 67DE;?@ 5;7CE@ A7C@ D;? 57CE7K3 D@4C7 =3 G;5;D;EF67D 7? 7= C75@CC;6@ J =3 875:3 67 ==79363 F3?6@ >7 :7 C787C;6@ 3= 5F;636@ =34@C;@D@ J 5@>AC@>7E;6@ 67 =@D 67C75:@D ?LD8EFJ ?< @EMF:8;F C8 d>LI8 ;< LE8 E8M<>8:@XE 8Q8IFJ8 F D<AFI KF;8MV8 ;< M8I@8J ?3G7935;@?7D BF7 A3CE7? 67 6;G7CD@D @CR97?7D J E;7?7? F? D@=@ AF7CE@ 67 3CC;4@ 3J F?3 ?3G7935;T? F?;G7CD3= 67 =@D 67C75:@D :F>3?@D BF7 :7>@D 7>AC7?6;6@ 7? 7= DLE;F <EK<IF G<IF ;<EKIF ;< <CC8 d>LI8E E8M<>8:@FE<J <JG<:Vd:8J :FE JLJ GIFG@FJ EQC>;?@D E;7>A@D 53C35E7CRDE;53D F?3 67 QDE3D 7D =3 BF7 :7 67?@>;?36@ b?3G7935;T? 3>7C;53?3c !QI;5@ 8@C>3 A3CE7 67 F?3 >QC;53 b?F7DEC3 >QC;53c a7? 7IAC7D;T? >3CE;3?3a HL< ?8 G8;<:@;F KF;8 JL<IK< ;< @E:C<D<E:@8J M@FC8:@FE<J HL< ?FP :C8J@d:8IV8DFJ 5@>@ >3D;G3D J D;DE7>OE;53D 67 =@D 67C75:@D :F>3?@D 67 DFD :34;E3?E7D @C;9;?3=7D F4@ 5@?EC38F7CK3D BF7 ;?E7?E3C@? 6787?D3D AC@E75E@C7D 67 ;?6;@D 7? =3 E;7CC3 8CR3 6743E7D 3C6;7?E7D 7? E@C?@ 3 =3 5@?6;5;T? :F>3?3 67 =@D ?3EFC3=7D 67 7DE3 E;7CC3 J FE@AR3D 7? =3 C;47C3 67 =@D =39@D >;5:@353?@D (@6@ 7DE@ D7 :3==3 7? 7= 5;>;7?E@ D@4C7 <C HL< J< ?8 :FEJKIL@;F LE8 G8IK< ;< C8 <OG<I@<E:@8 8D<I@:8E8 P <JG<:Vd:8D<EK< ;< C8 7IA7C;7?5;3 >7I;53?3

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica ? 7= 3=43 67 =3 C7AV4=;53 =@D A7?D3>;7?E@D D7 6;C;9;7C@? :35;3 6@?67 3G3?K343 =3 D79F?63 9C3? C7G@=F5;T? 67= :@>4C7 ? =3 AC;>7C3 QDE7 D7 ;C9F;T D@4C7 =3 ?3EFC3=7K3 7? =3 D79F?63 D7 3=KT D@4C7 DFD 67C75:@D $@?93>@D =3D 875:3D 67 QDE3 J <J< ?FI@QFEK< D@I8IFE CFJ D<O@:8EFJ *I<JLDF HL< CF ?@:@<IFE :FE C8 :FEd8EQ8 ;< BF7 =3D ;?DFC97?5;3D 7? 3>4@D 5@?E;?7?E7D 5@? DFD AC@5=3>3D 67 67C75:@D 343C53CR3? 8 KF;FJ CFJ ?FD9I<J GFI <E:@D8 ;< F:U8EFJ P =IFEK<I8J P 8DG8I8IV8E <E 9<E<d:@F ;< E@6@D 7= C7DA7E@ J =3 A3K "@ 8F7 3DR 5@>@ D347>@D F;>@D GR5E;>3D 67 =3D >;D>3D C7AV4=;53D :35;3 =3D BF7 3?E7D >;C3>@D 5@? 7DA7C3?K3 3 D@CAC7D3 7= 5:@BF7 :;DETC;5@ G;?@ 3 ;?DE3=3CD7 E3>4;Q? 7? 7= 5;>;7?E@ 67 ?F7DEC3 7IA7C;7?5;3 "@D :;K@ D7C 5@>@ 8F;>@D J 7? 4F7?3 >76;63 5@>@ D@>@D A@CET =@D 7=7>7?E@D A3C3 F?3 A@D;5;T? ;?E7C?35;@?3= ?FEC;63 7? ?3F8C39;@D A7C@ E3>4;Q? aJ 5@>@ 5@?D75F7?5;3 QE;53 J A@=RE;53a 7? G3=@C7D J AC;?5;A;@D BF7 :;5;7C@? 67 ?F7DEC@ G8VJ LE G<IJFE8A< J@E>LC8I <E C8 <J:<E8 DLE;@8C :FE d>LI8 P D@C@K8E:@8 GIFG@8J 8 G757D D@=;E3C;3 A7C@ ?@ D;=7?5;@D3 7 3:R D3=;T F?3 6@5EC;?3 ;?E7C?35;@?3= BF7 E;7?7 7IAC7D;@?7D >3J@C7D '7 8@C>T aA3C3 FD3C A3=34C3D 67 D;6C@ 347=3 7? :@>7?3<7 3 *7?FDE;3?@ 3CC3?K3a F?3 bA7CD@?3=;636 7IE7C;@Cc

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b 3 A@=RE;53 ;?E7C?35;@?3= 67 !QI;5@ 7D F?3 87=;K 5@>4;?35;T? BF7 ;?E79C3 67 >3?7C3 3C>T?;53 F? A3EC;>@?;@ QE;5@ J F?@ <FCR6;5@ ? 7DE7 D7?E;6@ =3 5@?6F5E3 ;?E7C?35;@?3= 67 !QI;5@ D7 :3 53C35E7C;K36@ A@C C7F?;C 6@D 7=7>7?E@D 7D7?5;3=7D 7? 6@?67 7DEO? AC7D7?E7D =3 ?@C>3 67 =3 QE;53 67 =3 C7DA@?D34;=;636 P C8 EFID8 ;< C8 UK@:8 ;< C8 :FEM@::@XE *8I8 M<I@d:8I <JK8 ?@GXK<J@J 98JK8 G8J8I I<M@JK8 ;< C8 KI8P<:KFI@8 ;?E7C?35;@?3= 67 !QI;5@ 7? DFD 5;7?E@ D7E7?E3 J 5;?5@ 3S@D 67 G;63 ;?67A7?6;7?E7c '7AV=G763 >@C 7C?3C6@ b @D G3=@C7D QE;5@D J 7= @C67? <FCR6;5@ >7I;53?@ 3 A7CDA75E;G3 67= 67C75:@ ;?E7C?35;@?3=c 7? 3C5R3 &3>RC7K 5@@C6 #AE H3>AD7E 7@ 7> 67D75:A ?7J;53@A ,@3 3BDAJ;?35;T@ !QI;5@ @?6@ 67 F=EFC3 5@?T>;53 A

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Tomo III La Política y la Administración Pública A@C @EC@ 67=;E@ 6@=@D@ J E3>4;Q? 3FE@C;K3 3= <F7K A3C3 BF7 @C67?7 =3 AC;D;T? AC7G7?E;G3 Fd:@FJ8D<EK< <E CFJ :8JFJ ;< ;<C@E:L<E:@8 FI>8E@Q8;8 ;< ?FD@:@;@F ;FCFJF M@FC8:@XE D75F7DEC@ @ 7? EC3EO?6@D7 67 67=;E@D 5@>7E;6@D 5@? >76;@D G;@=7?E@D 5@>@ 3C>3D 67 8F79@ J 7IA=@D;G@D 3DR 5@>@ 5F3?6@ D7 EC3E7 67 67=;E@D 9C3G7D BF7 67E7C>;?7 =3 =7J 7? 67=;E@D 5@>7E;6@D 7? 5@?EC3 67 =3 D79FC;636 67 =3 "35;T? 67= =;4C7 67D3CC@==@ 67 =3 A7CD@?3=;636 J 67=;E@D 5@?EC3 =3 D3=F6 @>@ G7C6367C3 ?@G7636 E7?7>@D =3 5C735;T? 67= F;5;@ 34C7G;36@ >;D>@ BF7 7= <F7K 67 5@?EC@= A7C>;E7 DF AC@5767?5;3 D;7>AC7 BF7 7= ;>AFE36@ :F4;7C7 C75@?@5;6@ 7= :75:@ 5@>@ AC@A;@ J G@=F?E3C;3>7?E7 5@?@K53 =3D 5@?D75F7?5;3D 67 6;5:3 357AE35;T? J 367>OD 7I;DE3? @EC@D >76;@D 67 5@?G;55;T? BF7 5@CC@4@C7? =3 ;>AFE35;T? ? 7= >;D>@ D7?E;6@ D7 7DE34=757? =;?73>;7?E@D A3C3 =3 5@?57D;T? 67 =3D >76;63D 53FE7=3C7D E3?E@ 67 53CO5E7C A7CD@?3= 5@>@ C73= J =@D >76;@D 3=E7C?@D 67 D@=F5;T? D;7?6@ 7DE@D V=E;>@D >753?;D>@D BF7 AC@A;5;3? =3 5@?5=FD;T? AC7G;3 3= <F;5;@ $3C3 63C A=7?3 G;97?5;3 3 =@D AC;?5;A;@D 67 =793=;636 J 7= 674;6@ AC@57D@ D7 7DE34=757 =3 AC@5767?5;3 67 ?F=;636 67 ACF743D @4E7?;63D 5@? G;@=35;T? 3 =@D 67C75:@D :F>3?@D 5@?D;67C35;T? BF7 36BF;7C7 >3J@C C7=7G3?5;3 5@? >@E;G@ 67 =3 C78@C>3 5@?DE;EF5;@?3= 67 <F?;@ 67= 7? >3E7C;3 67 67C75:@D :F>3?@D BF7 C7A7C5FE7 7? BF;7?7D 36>;?;DEC3? <FDE;5;3 J3 BF7 A3C3 7= 674;6@ 7<7C5;5;@ 67 DFD 8F?5;@?7D 6747? C7DA7E3C 5F>A=;C J :357C 5F>A=;C 5@? =@D 67C75:@D :F>3?@D C75@?@5;6@D A@C =3 @?DE;EF5;T? $@=RE;53 67 =@D DE36@D )?;6@D !7I;53?@D 3DR 5@>@ 7? =@D (C3E36@D ?E7C?35;@?3=7D DFD5C;E@D A@C 7= DE36@ !7I;53?@ J 5@?D75F7?E7>7?E7 =@D AC;?5;A;@D BF7 67C;G3? 67 =@D >;D>@D 3 >7?5;@?363 C78@C>3 E;7?7 G;E3= ;>A@CE3?5;3 7? =3D 35EF35;@?7D ?@ DT=@ 67 =@D D7CG;6@C7D AV4=;5@D 67 =3 6>;?;DEC35;T? 67 FDE;5;3 D;?@ A3C3 E@63D =3D 3FE@C;6367D BF7 7DEO? @4=;936@D 3 C7DA7E3C J AC@E797C =@D 67C75:@D :F>3?@D $@C 7==@ 7D BF7 >OD BF7 ?F?53 =@D <F757D >39;DEC36@D J >;?;DEC@D D7 7?5F7?EC3? @4=;936@D 3 G7=3C A@C =@D 67C75:@D 67 =@D <FDE;5;34=7D 67 E3= >3?7C3 BF7 3= 36G7CE;C 7? 5F3=BF;7C >@>7?E@ 3=9F?3 G;@=35;T? 67 67C75:@D :F>3?@D 7DEO? 835F=E36@D J @4=;936@D 3 675=3C3C =3 ?F=;636 67 =3D 35EF35;@?7D J =3D ACF743D @4E7?;63D >76;3?E7 7D@D G;5;@D E <C GIF:<;@D@<EKF G<E8C 8:LJ8KFI@F <E C8 <K8G8 @E@:@8C LE8 M<Q :8C@d:8;8 ;< C<>8C C8 ;<K<E:@XE <C dJ:8C ?8:< C8 @DGLK8:@XE 8C @DGLK8;F P <C AL<Q ;< :FEKIFC I<JL<CM< JF9I< =3 AC@5767?5;3 67 =3 G;?5F=35;T? 3 AC@57D@ 7 D7C AC@5767?E7 D7S3=3 7= A=3K@ ACF67?E7 A3C3 7= 5;7CC7 67 =3 ;?G7DE;935;T? 67 E3= >3?7C3 BF7 7= ;>AFE36@ D73 <FK936@ 3?E7D 67 >7D7D D; D7 EC3E3 67 67=;E@ 5FJ3 A7?3 >OI;>3 ?@ 7I5767 67 3S@D 67 AC;D;T? J 3?E7D 67 F? 3S@ D; 7I576;7C7 67 7D7 A=3K@ D3=G@ BF7 7= ;>AFE36@ D@=;5;E7 >3J@C A=3K@ A3C3 DF 6787?D3

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica 7 =3 >;D>3 >3?7C3 =3 3FE@C;636 <F6;5;3= 6747 5F;63C BF7 7= <FDE;5;34=7 E7?93 F?3 6787?D3 AC@87D;@?3= 3675F363 @ 4;7? 67D;9?3C=7 F? 6787?D@C AV4=;5@ J3 BF7 7? E@6@ >@>7?E@ 6747 7DE3C 3D;DE;6@ 67 F? 6787?D@C "@G76@D3>7?E7 3A3C757 7? 7DE7 ?F7G@ D;DE7>3 67 <FDE;5;3 A7?3= BF7 7= >@?@A@=;@ 67= 7<7C5;5;@ 67 =3 355;T? A7?3= D7 =;>;E3 J3 BF7 EC3EO?6@D7 67 67=;E@D BF7 D7 C7BF;7C7 67 8@C>F=35;T? 67 BF7C7==3 A@C A3CE7 67= @87?6;6@ D7 3FE@C;K3 =3 355;T? A7?3= AC;G363 D;>;D>@ D7 @E@C93 3= !;?;DE7C;@ $V4=;5@ =3 835F=E36 67 5@?5767C 3= ;>AFE36@ 7? 5;7CE3D 5;C5F?DE3?5;3D 5C;E7C;@D 67 @A@CEF?;636 9F3=>7?E7 3FE@C;K3 =3 5C735;T? 67= ;?E7C?3>;7?E@ 67 =@D 36@=7D57?E7D >3J@C7D 67 8WFJ :FDF D<;@;8 <OKI<D8 GFI C8 :FD@J@XE ;< :FE;L:K8J 8EK@JF:@8C<J :8C@d:8;8J :FDF 9C3G7D E dE C8J DZCK@GC<J DF;@d:8:@FE<J HL< <JK89C<:< C8 8IK8 '8>E8 I<G<I:LK<E <E <C O>4;E@ ;?E7C?35;@?3= J3 BF7 D7 5@?5767 3= $@67C <75FE;G@ 767C3= 5@? =3 3AC@435;T? 67= '7?36@ 67 C75@?@57C =3 <FC;D6;55;T? 67 =3 @CE7 $7?3= ?E7C?35;@?3=

#' ). #& ' ')' (& )(#' - & "(i ' " & # ')' )" #" ' ';? 6F63 3=9F?3 BF7 A3C3 =@9C3C 7= 67D736@ 4F7? 67D7>A7S@ 67 =3 8F?5;T? AV4=;53 A@C A3CE7 67 =@D BF7 36>;?;DEC3? <FDE;5;3 6747? 7I;9;CD7 BF7 =@D BF7 E;7?7? 7DE3 67=;5363 7?5@>;7?63 C7V?3? 5;7CE3D 5@?6;5;@?7D 67 53CO5E7C 8RD;5@ J AC@87D;@?3= A7C@ E3>4;Q? @EC3D BF7 BF;KOD ?@ D7 :3? 5@?D;67C36@ J BF7 D@? 67 53CO5E7C AD;5@=T9;53D J >@C3=7D 67 E3= >@6@ BF7 :3J3 =3 A=7?3 5@?G;55;T? 67 BF7 =3 ;>A3CE;5;T? 67 <FDE;5;3 D7 7?5F7?EC7 7? >3?@D 67 A7CD@?3D D3?3D 8RD;53 J >7?E3=>7?E7 BF7 D7A3? 7D5F5:3C J 5@>AC7?67C =3 EC3D57?67?5;3 67 DF 67=;5363 J :@?C@D3 8F?5;T? 674;7?6@ 5@?E3C 367>OD 5@? JLd:@<EK< JFCM<E:@8 DFI8C P =FIK8C<Q8 G8I8 I<J@JK@I CFJ <D98K<J ;< C8J K<EK8:@FE<J P C8 :FIILG:@XE J89@FJ P 8 C8 M<Q DF;<JKFJ GFIHL< 8C dE P 8C :89F <E JLJ D8EFJ K@<E<E CF >OD G3=;@D@ 67 DFD D7>7<3?E7D BF7 D7 D@>7E7? 3 DF <FC;D6;55;T? $@C 7==@ 6747? 5@?E3C 5@? F? 3>A=;@ 5C;E7C;@ <FCR6;5@ BF7 =7D A7C>;E3 =3 >7<@C J <FDE3 ;?E7CAC7E35;T? 67 =3 =7J D@4C7 =@D 3DF?E@D AF7DE@D 3 DF 5@?D;67C35;T? A@C =@ E3?E@ D@=;5;E3>@D BF7 7DE@D D7C7D :F>3?@D =@D <F757D D73? 67 >7?E7D 7BF;=;4C363D J D;? AC7<F;5;@D BF7 D7A3? 6787?67C =3 =;47CE36 <FC;D6;55;@?3= BF7 D73? C7D;DE7?E7D 3= :3=39@ 8 C8J @EeL<E:@8J 8 C8J XI;<E<J 8 C8 ;<J?FE<JK@;8; HL< I<JL<CM8E J@E K<DFI<J 8 C8J C7AC7D3=;3D ? C7DF>7? 7? >; 5@?57AE@ >FJ A7CD@?3= =@D <F757D D@? J 6747? D7C G7C6367C@D 3ATDE@=7D 67 =3 <FDE;5;3 J ?@ D7>;6;@D7D 67 =3 <FDE;5;3 5@>@ 3=9F?@D AC7E7?5;@D3>7?E7 D@DE;7?7?

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica = BF7 AC7D7?E3 7DE7 EC343<@ 5@? :F>;=636 J 3 =3 G7K 5@? @C9F==@ J 3= >;D>@ E;7>A@ 5@? =3 8C7?E7 7? 3=E@ J =3D >3?@D =;>A;3D 7IAC7D3 DF D3E;D8355;T? 67 :347C A7C>3?75;6@ EC7;?E3 3S@D 3= D7CG;5;@ 67= $@67C F6;5;3= 67= DE36@ 67 !QI;5@ J G3C;@D >OD 7? @EC@D :@?C@D@D 53C9@D 67 =@D D75E@C7D AV4=;5@ J AC;G36@ BF7 EFG@ =3 DF7CE7 67 34C7G3C =3D 7?D7S3?K3D 67 DFD >37DEC@D 67 DFD <787D J 67 DFD 5@>A3S7C@D J 5@=34@C36@C7D 5@?E3?6@ D;7>AC7 5@? 7= 3A@J@ 53C;S@ J 5@>AC7?D;T? 67 DF 83>;=;3 @?D;67C3 AC;@C;E3C;@ 3E7?67C 3 =3 AC7>;D3 7DE34=75;63 7? 7= CER5F=@ 67 =3 @?DE;E;5;T? 67 =@D DE36@D )?;6@D !7I;53?@D A@CBF7 =3 5;F6363?R3 E;7?7 :3>4C7 J D76 67 <FDE;5;3 =@ 5F3= ?@D @4=;93 3 5@=34@C3C D;7>AC7 5@? >@67DE;3 5@? :@?C367K D;7>AC7 5@? =3 >7E3 67 3A=;53C =3 =7J 5@? <FDE;5;3 'T=@ 3DR =@9C3C7>@D BF7 7= AF74=@ >7I;53?@ C75@4C7 =3 :FEd8EQ8 <E JLJ 8LKFI@;8;<J AL;@:@8C<J P <M@K8I HL< C8 ALJK@:@8 HL<;< <E JLJ D8EFJ

= 7I;9;C E3?E@ 67 =@D D7CG;6@C7D 67 =3 <FDE;5;3 E3>4;Q? 6747>@D 5@?5767C=7D 93C3?ER3D 3= C7DA75E@ 7= !37DEC@ T>7K 3C3 7>;E7 @A;?;T? 67 =3 BF7 :357>@D C787C7?5;3 3= E;7>A@ BF7 7?F?5;3C7>@D =3D 93C3?ER3D <FC;D6;55;@?3=7D BF7 C75@?@57 =3 @?DE;EF5;T? $@=RE;53 67 =@D DE36@D )?;6@D !7I;53?@D =@D C7BF;D;E@D BF7 7I;97? 3=9F?3D 6;DA@D;5;@?7D =793=7D A3C3 D7C !;?;DEC@ 67 =3 'FAC7>3 @CE7 67 FDE;5;3 67 =3 "35;T? !39;DEC36@ 67 (C;4F?3= @=79;36@ F7K 67 ;DEC;E@ !39;DEC36@ J <F7K 67= 8F7C@ :FDZE P dE8CD<EK< KI8EJ:I@9@I<DFJ LE8 ;< C8J DL:?8J :8IK8J HL< J< ?8E <J:I@KF 8 CFJ <F757D BF7 ;?;5;3? =3 53CC7C3 <F6;5;3= $C@576;7?6@ 3= 67D3CC@==@ 67= A=3?E73>;7?E@ 7= >37DEC@ =;57?5;36@ ;AC;3?@ T>7K 3C3 ;C75E@C 67= '7>;?3C;@ 67 7C75:@ $C@57D3= 67 =3 )?;G7CD;636 "35;@?3= FET?@>3 67 !QI;5@ A3C3 =3 BF7 7D5C;4;T 7= EC343<@ 67?@>;?36@ && & ) - ' ' ) ' ) ' 3= C787C;CD7 3 =3D 93C3?ER3D 67= FK936@C =3D 6;G;67 7? 93C3?ER3D 75@?T>;53D J D@5;3=7D A@DE7C;@C>7?E7 D7 @5FA3 67 =3 3FE@?@>R3 7 ;?67A7?67?5;3 7? 7= 53C9@ 3DR 3= C7DA75E@ 7D5C;47

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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6@?67 V?;53>7?E7 D7 >3E7C;3=;KT J 7DE34=75;T 7? =3 ?F7G3 35E3 5@?DE;EFE;G3 7= CQ9;>7? 67 9@4;7C?@ BF7 67 :75:@ J3 D7 7?5@?EC343 7? AC@57D@ 67 EC3?D;5;T?

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica 3 5@?D@=;635;T? 67= 7DE36@ >7I;53?@ E;7?7 =F93C 7?E@?57D 5@? =3 7?E@?57D ?F7G3 @?DE;EF5;T? 3 =3 5F3= D7 =7 3EC;4FJ7 =3 8F?635;T? 67 ?F7DEC3 C7AV4=;53 J 7? A3CE;5F=3C 5@? 7= E7IE@ 67 DF 3CER5F=@ 7= 5F3= >OD E3C67 8F7 DFAC;>;6@ A7C@ BF7 3 =3 =7EC3 675R3 =@ D;9F;7?E7 CER5F=@ 3 5@?DE;EF5;T? 97?7C3= J >;7?EC3D D7 AF4=;53 7DE3 35E3 5@?DE;EFE;G3 BF7 D7CO 43D7 67 7==3 93C3?E;K3CO? 3 5363 F?@ 67 =@D DE36@D 67 =3 8767C35;T? >7I;53?3 =3 8@C>3 67 9@4;7C?@ 67 C7AV4=;53 C7AC7D7?E3E;G3 A@AF=3C 8767C3= 36@AE363 7? 7= 3CER5F=@ X 67 7DE3 =7J J 5363 DE36@ BF763 @4=;936@ 3 D@DE7?7C 3 E@63 5@DE3 =3 F?;T? 97?7C3= 67 E@6@D

>A7C@ >OD E3C67 G7?6CR3 =3 C7355;T? 8767C3=;DE3 7? 5@? 7= b 5F3 67 D78AD?3EZ 7? G;CEF6 67 =3 5F3= D7 :@>@=@93C@? =3D 6;DA@D;5;@?7D 67= 35E3 5@?DE;EFE;G3 67 =3 &7AV4=;53 J =3 @?DE;EF5;T? 67

A3C3 5C73C 3DR =3 V?;53 @?DE;EF5;T? $@=RE;53 67 =3 &7AV4=;53 AF7DE@ BF7 3BF7==3D 3 A7D3C 67 =3 ;?E7?D3 =F5:3 67 ;?67A7?67?5;3 J 67>OD 35@?E75;>;7?E@D C7=7G3?E7D BF7 EFG;7C@? ;?<7C7?5;3 :34R3 BF7636@ 3ECOD 7? A@5@ E;7>A@ FE <JK< JL:<JF J< I<JK89C<:< dE8CD<EK< <C =<;<I8C@JDF D<O@:8EF P K8C :FDF ;@:<E 8C>LEFJ 8LKFI<J @EeLPX G8I8 LE@I =L<IQ8J <E C8 8M8EQ8;8 EFIK<8D<I@:8E8 67 ? A3C3 3E7?67C =3 AC@4=7>OE;53 67 =3 6@4=7 EC;4FE35;T? @53D;@?363 A@C =3 ;?7I35E3 C76355;T? 5@?DE;EF5;@?3= 7? >3E7C;3 EC;4FE3C;3 D7 ==7GT 3 534@ =3 AC;>7C3 @?G7?5;T? "35;@?3= ;D53= 7? =3 5F3= A3CE;5;A3C@? C7AC7D7?E3?E7D 67 E@6@D =@D DE36@D 7? =@D IL9IFJ ;< 8;D@E@JKI8:@XE GZ9C@:8 P C<>@JC8K@MF :FE <C dE ;< ;<C@D@K8I CFJ :8DGFJ ;< 8::@XE <E D8K<I@8 @DGFJ@K@M8 P 8JV I<FI>8E@Q8I <C J@JK<D8 dJ:8C <EKFE:<J M@><EK< ;<DTJ J< ;<dE@<IFE C8J 98J<J ;< ;<:@J@XE ;< C8 FEM<E:@XE @J:8C G8I8 8;FGK8I P 7<75FE3C =@D 35F7C6@D E@>36@D J 67 >3?7C3 5@?D7?DF363 D7 ==79T 3 =3 5@?5=FD;T? 67 7=;>;?3C =3D ACO5E;53D 3=5343=3E@C;3D (@6@ 7==@ D7 >3?;87DET 7? F? AC@J75E@ 67 C78@C>3 :FEJK@KL:@FE8C C8 :L8C EF J< CC<M8IV8 8 :89F dE8CD<EK< (F F9JK8EK< J< ;@F LE >I8E A3D@ A3C3 7= 8767C3=;D>@ >7I;53?@ J3 BF7 D7 =@9CT 5@?DE;EF;C F? TC93?@ 5@=79;36@ C7AC7D7?E3?E7 67 =3 767C35;T? ?E;6367D 767C3E;G3D J !F?;5;A;@D A3C3 5@CC79;C =@D AC@4=7>3D 67 ;>AF7DE@D ;>A7C3?E7D (C3D 7= 8C353D@ 67 =@D 35F7C6@D E@>36@D 7? =3 AC;>7C3 @?G7?5;T? "35;@?3= ;D53= <E J< :FEMF:X 8 LE8 J<>LE;8 K<E@<E;F :FDF =ILKF @DGFIK8EK<J DF;@d:8:@FE<J 5@?DE;EF5;@?3=7D =3 AC;>7C3 67 7==3D A3C3 7DE34=757C 5@>@ 5@>A7E7?5;3 67= @?9C7D@ 67 =3 )?;T? =79;D=3C 7? >3E7C;3 67 7?7C9R3 7=Q5EC;53 =3 D79F?63 A3C3 BF7 8F7C3 =3 767C35;T? =3 7?53C9363 67 7DE34=757C 5@?EC;4F5;@?7D 7? C75FCD@D ?3EFC3=7D J =3 V=E;>3 6@?67 =3 767C35;T? 576;T DFD 835F=E367D EC;4FE3C;3D 3 =3D :35;7?63D =@53=7D

4R67? AA J

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica A3C3 7DE34=757C ;>AF7DE@D D@4C7 =3 ;?6FDEC;3 J 5@>7C5;@ $@C @EC@ =36@ 5F>A=;7?6@ 5@? 7= @4<7E@ 67 =3 @?G7?5;T? D7 =@9CT BF7 =@D DE36@D A3CE;5;A3C3? 7? ;>AF7DE@D 7DA75;3=7D 67 7I5=FD;G3 C753F635;T? A@C A3CE7 67 =3 767C35;T? 7?7C9R3 7=Q5EC;53 E3435@D 93D@=;?3 7IA=@E35;T? 8@C7DE3= 7E5 $@DE7C;@C>7?E7 =@D 3=53?57D 67 =3 7J 67 @@C6;?35;T? ;D53= 67 A7C>;E;7C@? 674;6@ 3 =@ 5@>A=7<@ J 5@?8FD@ BF7 C7DF=E343 7= D;DE7>3 67 A3CE;5;A35;@?7D =3 5C735;T? 67= ';DE7>3 "35;@?3= 67 @@C6;?35;T? ;D53= '" ?;5;3=>7?E7 =@D DE36@D BF7 D7 36:;C;7C@? 3 6;5:@ >753?;D>@ 67 5@@C6;?35;T? 8F7C@? @=;>3 -F53EO? ;63=9@ 3>A75:7 (343D5@ $F74=3 J F7CC7C@ 5@?E;?F3?6@ 67 E3= >3?7C3 :3DE3 7= 3S@ 67 5F3?6@ D7 3F>7?ET =3 E3D3 67 A3CE;5;A35;T? 67 =3D 7?E;6367D 8767C3E;G3D 7? 7= ;>AF7DE@ D@4C7 ;?9C7D@D >7C53?E;=7D 3= ;?57?E;G@ BF7 8@>7?ET =3 36:7D;T? 67 =@D DE36@D C7DE3?E7D D ?757D3C;@ >7?5;@?3C BF7 7DE7 D;DE7>3 ?@ D7 C79F=T 7? ?F7DEC3 3CE3 !39?3 D;?@ BF7 7C3 AC@6F5E@ 67 F? 3CC79=@ 5@?EC35EF3= 7?EC7 =@D @4;7C?@D D;9?3?E7D F7 :3DE3 5F3?6@ D7 ;?;5;T =3 57=74C35;T? 67 =@D 67?@>;?36@D @?G7?;@D )?;8@C>7D 67 @@C6;?35;T? ;D53= 7? G;CEF6 67 =@D 5F3=7D D7 AC7E7?6;T BF7 =3 E@E3=;636 67 =3D 7?E;6367D 8@C>3C3? A3CE7 67 =3D 6;DA@D;5;@?7D 3?E7C;@C>7?E7 5@?57CE363D 7?EC7 =3 '75C7E3CR3 67 35;7?63 J CQ6;E@ $V4=;5@ J DFD :@>T=@9@D 67 =@D DE36@D !OD E3C67 7? 7?ECT 7? G;9@C ?F7DEC3 G;97?E7 5@? =3 5F3= D7 7=;>;?3C@? J 5C73C@? 6;G7CD@D ;>AF7DE@D 67E7C>;?36@D A3C3 =3 767C35;T? J =@D DE36@D @?<F?E3>7?E7 D7 8@C>3=;KT =793=>7?E7 7= '" ? 7DE3 7J BF7 DFDE;EFJT 3 =3 67 J3 ?@ D7 @E@C9343? A3CE;5;A35;@?7D 7? 8F?5;T? 3 67E7C>;?36@D ;>AF7DE@D 5@?D;67C36@D 5@>@ A3CE;5;A34=7D D;?@ BF7 8F7 67E7C>;?363 67 =3 E@E3=;636 67 =@D ;>AF7DE@D 8767C3=7D $@DE7C;@C>7?E7 7? D7 36;5;@?T 7= 53AREF=@ * 3 =3 C787C7?E7 3= C3>@ 67 =3D A@CE35;@?7D 767C3=7D 5@>@ F?3 >3?7C3 A3C3 8@CE3=757C =3D 3C53D DE3E3=7D P 'LE@:@G8C<J P :FEKI@9L@I ;< D8E<I8 J@>E@d:8K@M8 <E <C >8JKF GZ9C@:F ;< ;@:?8J 8;D@E@JKI8:@FE<J 8 KI8MUJ ;<C dE8E:@8D@<EKF ;< =FE;FJ <E D8K<I@8 ;< <;L:8:@XE D79FC;636 D3=F6 ;?8C37DECF5EFC3 5@>43E7 3 =3 A@4C7K3 7E5 DE7 ;>A@CE3?E7 CF4C@ 75@?T>;5@ ?@ @A7C3 5@>@ A3CE7 67= D;DE7>3 67 A3CE;5;A35;@?7D 8767C3=7D D;?@ 5@>@ C75FCD@D 67 53CO5E7C 5@>A7?D3E@C;@ BF7 3E;7?67? J 5@>43E7? 7= C7K39@ 75@?T>;5@ 7? I<>@FE<J <JG<:Vd:8J ;<C G8VJ

3DE3 =3 875:3 =3D EC3?D87C7?5;3D 8767C3=7D A3CE;5;A35;@?7D J 3A@CE35;@?7D 8767C3=7D D7 ?8E D8EK<E@;F <E <C D@JDF J<EK@;F :FE 8C>LE8J DF;@d:8:@FE<J C<>8C<J <E I<JGL<JK8 8 ,/4 )0 ,,/ # - ID8E;F EI@HL< C =<;<I8C@JDF P C8 :FFI;@E8:@XE dJ:8C =<;<I8C P <JK8K8C <E !QI;5@ !QI;5@ $@CCV3 AA 4R67? A

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica =3 C73=;636 67 =3 75@?@>R3 ?35;@?3= J 7DE3D :3? AC@A;5;36@ BF7 7= 8767C3=;D>@ :357?63C;@ D73 AC76@>;?3?E7 5@? C7=35;T? 3 @EC3D >3E7C;3D 674;6@ 3= ;>A35E@ AC7DFAF7DE3= BF7 J@>E@d:8 G8I8 C8J EK@;8;<J <;<I8K@M8J P 'LE@:@G@FJ

& '!# (& *M' #" & '# A3CE;C 67 =3 AC@>F=935;T? 67 ?F7DEC3 35EF3= @?DE;EF5;T? 767C3= =3 7G@=F5;T? 67= 8767C3=;D>@ :3 5@?D;DE;6@ 7? 5@?D@=;63C =3D ;?DE;EF5;@?7D J 835F=E367D 67 =@D 6;87C7?E7D !F9@<IEFJ JF9I< KF;F ;<dE@I C8J =8:LCK8;<J ;<C FE>I<JF <;<I8C G8I8 ;< <JK8 D8E<I8 :357C =@ >;D>@ 5@? =@D @?9C7D@D 67 =3D ?E;6367D 767C3E;G3D J3 D73 67 >3?7C3 7IAC7D3 @ ;>A=R5;E3 J 6@E3C=@D 67 3EC;4F5;@?7D A3C3 ?@C>3C DF 8F?5;@?3>;7?E@ @C9O?;5@ A@=RE;5@ J =3D 43D7D =793=7D A3C3 >3?E7?7C DF 3FE@67E7C>;?35;T? 7 ;?67A7?67?5;3 5@>@ A3CE7 67= $35E@ 767C3= D A@C 7==@ BF7 3 5@?E;?F35;T? D7 5;E3? 7? @C67? 5C@?@=T9;5@ 67 35F7C6@ 3 =3 GL9C@:8:@XE ?<:?8 <E <C @8I@F )d:@8C ;< C8 <;<I8:@XE ) C8J DF;@d:8:@FE<J >OD ;>A@CE3?E7D 3= 3CER5F=@ 67 =3 @?DE;EF5;T? 767C3= C7=3E;G@ 3 =3D 835F=E367D 67= FE>I<JF ;< C8 /E@XE GFI D<;@F ;< C8J :L8C<J J< ;<dE@<IFE C8J :FDG<K<E:@8J ;< CFJ 6;DE;?E@D ?;G7=7D 67 @4;7C?@ J D7 7DE34=75;7C@? 67 >3?7C3 5=3C3 3BF7==3D 67 53CO5E7C 5@?5FCC7?E7 67 <F=;@ 67 @? 7DE3 ;>A@CE3?E7 C78@C>3 D7 8767C3=;K3 =3 76F535;T? 3= 7DE34=757C 5@>@ 835F=E36 67= @?9C7D@ 67 =3 )?;T? =79;D=3C D@4C7 7D5F7=3D CFC3=7D 7=7>7?E3=7D DFA7C;@C7D D75F?63C;3D J AC@87D;@?3=7D AC75;D3?6@ 367>OD =3 <FC;D6;55;T? BF7 D@4C7 7DE@D E7?6CR3 =3 767C35;T? J =3D ?E;6367D 767C3E;G3D

67 D7AE;7>4C7 67 &78@C>3 67?@>;?363 b8767C3=;K35;T? =34@C3=c 7? =3 5F3= D7 7I5=FJ7 3 =@D @?9C7D@D =@53=7D 67 =79;D=3C 7? =3 >3E7C;3 A3C3 D7C 835F=E36 7I5=FD;G3 67= @?9C7D@ 67 =3 )?;T? 5@>AC@>7E;Q?6@D7 367>OD 3 7IA76;C =3 7J 67= '79FC@ '@5;3= 67 7?7C@ 67 '7 7DE34=75;T BF7 7= @?9C7D@ 67 =3 )?;T? EFG;7C3 =3 835F=E36 7I5=FD;G3 A3C3 =79;D=3C 7? >3E7C;3 67 7?7C9R3 7=Q5EC;53 D7 6;DAFD@ 367>OD =3 A3CE;5;A35;T? 67 =@D DE36@D J !F?;5;A;@D 7? 7= C7?6;>;7?E@ 67 =@D ;>AF7DE@D 5@?E7?;6@D 7? =3 8C355;T? ,

# i *R5E@C !3?F7= 767C3=;D>@ J @?9C7D@ G@=F5;T? J $7CDA75E;G3D !QI;5@ 6;E36@ A@C =3 ;C755;T? 7?7C3= 67 DEF6;@D 79;D=3E;G@D $@=RE;53 J DE36@ 67= '7?36@ 67 =3 &7AV4=;53

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica =@D 34@936@D 3C@ Q=5:7K $@DE7C;@C>7?E7 7? >3CK@ 67 D7 675C7ET =3 6;DE;?5;T? 7?EC7 =@D D7CG;6@C7D AV4=;5@D ?@>4C36@D A@C 7= C7J J 3BF7==@D @EC@D 67 67D;9?35;T? 67=79363 A@C 7= >@?3C53 !3CER?7K '@DA76C3 @D AC;>7C@D E7?R3? =3 53E79@CR3 67 ;?3>@G;4=7D D3=G@ <F;5;@ 8@C>3= J D;7?6@ 7D5F5:36@D 7? E3?E@ BF7 =@D D79F?6@D 7DE343? DF<7E@D 3 C7>@5;T? ;?>76;3E3 75:@D 5@>@ =@D ?3CC36@D ?@ @5FCC;7C@? 8F7C3 67 FC@A3 D3=G@ 7I57A5;@?7D 5@>@ 7? =3 "F7G3 DA3S3 J =3 ?6;3 ? 7DE3 V=E;>3 =@D ;?9=7D7D 5C73C@? J @C93?;K3C@? F? ?@E34=7 D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= :3DE3 7?E@?57D 67D5@?@5;6@ 7? DF D=3 a7? 7D7 E;7>A@ C79;63 GFI <C 8LKF>F9@<IEF ;< 8d:@FE8;FJ` G<IF HL< CL<>F J< 8;8GKX <E C8 D<KIXGFC@ *FI JL A3CE7 7? 7= G;CC7;?3E@ ?@G@:;DA3?@ 8F7 7DE34=75;6@ F? D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= E3? ?@E@C;@ 5@>@ 7? =3 ?6;3 A7C@ BF7 =F79@ 67 3S@D 67 9=@C;3 J 8F=9@C 8F7 34@=;6@ 7?

' &* # * " !M, # * && " A3CE;C 67 =3 *;D;E3 7?7C3= 67 @DQ 67 O=G7K D7 7<75FE3C@? 5F3EC@ >76;63D 57?EC3=;K36@C3D 3 83G@C 67= 7DE3E;D>@ C793=;DE3 @C4T? BF7 C76F?63C@? 7? =3 3>A=;35;T? 67= O>4;E@ 67 35E;G;636 67 =3 36>;?;DEC35;T? G;CC7;?3= C7G7CD;T? 67 D7CG;5;@D 5@?57D;@?36@D 3 5@CA@C35;@?7D AC;G363D 5@>@ 7= 5@4C@ 67 EC;4FE@D C7E;C36@ 3= @?DF=36@ 67 !QI;5@ J 7= D7CG;5;@ A@DE3= BF7 D7 3CC7?6343 F? A3CE;5F=3C 7IAC@A;35;T? ;< E<>F:@FJ GI@M8;FJ HL< J< ALQ>898E ;< 9<E<d:@F GZ9C@:F < @EK<IUJ ;<C JK8;F :FDF =@D ?3;A7D C7@C93?;K35;T? 67 3?E;9F@D >@?@A@=;@D 5@>@ =@D C7=3E;G@D 3 =3 D3= AT=G@C3 J 3K@9F7 J 5C735;T? 67 7DE3?5@D 67 DE36@ J =3 C7?E3 67= E3435@ (@63D 7DE3D >76;63D BF7 ;?5;6;7C@? 6;C75E3 J A@D;E;G3>7?E7 7? 7= 7?D3?5:3>;7?E@ 67 =@D 5@>7E;6@D 67= DE36@ :;DAO?;5@ 7? 7DE3 A3CE7 67 >QC;53 G;34;=;K3C@? =3 8@C>35;T? 67 ?F7G3D ;?DE;EF5;@?7D 36>;?;DEC3E;G3D BF7 A7C>73C@? 7? =@D ?35;7?E7D D75E@C7D D@5;3=7D >76;@D BF7 7DE343? 4C@E3?6@ A@C 7875E@ 67 =3 >@67C?;K35;T? 7 3BFR =3 ?757D;636 67 F? D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= 7DE34=7 J AC@87D;@?3= A3C3 =3 5@?D@=;635;T? 67 7DE7 AC@57D@ :;DETC;5@ =@ BF7 @5FCC;T AC;?5;A3=>7?E7 7? =@D 6R3D 67= G;CC7;?3E@ D79F?6@ 5@?67 67 &7G;==39;976@ 3 8@C>35;T? 67 F? 5F7CA@ 67 D7CG;6@C7D AV4=;5@D 67 676;535;T? 5@>A=7E3 3 =3D 837?3D 36>;?;DEC3E;G3D 67D=;936@D 67 =@D >76;@D 67 36>;?;DEC35;T? EFG@ DF @C;97? 7? 5@? =3 8F?635;T? 67 =3 '75C7E3CR3 67 O>3C3 67= *;CC7;?3E@ 67 =3 "F7G3 DA3S3 )?3 6Q5363 3?E7D :34R3 5@>7?K36@ 3 AC7A3C3C 7= E7CC7?@ E3?E@ A3C3 7= 7DE34=75;>;7?E@ 67 =3 '75C7E3CR3 5@>@ A3C3 =3 ;?EC@6F55;T? 67= AC;?5;A;@ 67= >QC;E@ A3C3 7= ;?9C7D@ 3= D7CG;5;@ AV4=;5@ ?

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica C?@=6 3 97DE;T? 67 &7G;==39;976@ 8F7 =3 QA@53 >OD ;>A@CE3?E7 A3C3 7= 67D3CC@==@ 67= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= )?3 67 =3D >76;63D 7IA76;E3D E@>363 A@C 7= G;CC7J 8F7 7= =7G3?E3>;7?E@ 67 F? 57?D@ 67 8F?5;@?3C;@D AV4=;5@D G;CC7;?3=7D A3C3 D@A7D3C A@C AC@A;3 >3?@ =3 D;EF35;T? D@5;3= ;?E7=75EF3= 36>;?;DEC3E;G3 J A@=RE;53 67 7D7 8@C>;634=7 5F7CA@ 36>;?;DEC3E;G@ @? 7= 57?D@ 7= G;CC7J 5@?@5;T 7= ?V>7C@ 67 =@D D7CG;6@C7D AV4=;5@D BF7 D7 67D7>A7S343? 7? =3 36>;?;DEC35;T? AV4=;53 367>OD 67 =@D 63E@D 5F3=;E3E;G@D BF7 ;?5=FJ7C@? =3 53CC7C3 36>;?;DEC3E;G3 7= 67D7>A7S@ >76;3?E7 F?3 7G3=F35;T? :75:3 A@C 7= <787 DFA7C;@C =3 3?E;9W7636 J 3=9F?@D 3AF?E7D D@4C7 =3 A7CD@?3=;636 67 6;5:@D D7CG;6@C7D = 57?D@ 5@>AC7?67 =@D ?@>4C7D AF7DE@D 3?E;9W76367D 35E;EF67D J 3AE;EF67D 67= 8F?5;@?3C;36@ G;CC7;?3= 3DR 5@>@ DFD A@D;4;=;6367D 67 AC@>@5;T? &7G;==39;979@ @?E3?6@ 5@? 7DE3 ;?8@C>35;T? D@=;5;E363 7? @5EF4C7 67 J E7C>;?363 67 ==793C 7? <F?;@ 67 7= G;CC7J AF6@ ;?;5;3C DFD =34@C7D 5@? A=7?@ 5@?@5;>;7?E@ 67 DFD 5@=34@C36@C7D = ?;G7= >OD 3=E@ 67 5C75;>;7?E@ 67= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= 7? 7= !QI;5@ 67 3?E3S@ @5FCC;T 7?EC7 J 3S@ 7? BF7 D7 7DE34;=;KT J 8C7?T 7= 3F>7?E@ 67 A7CD@?3= 674;6@ 3 BF7 =3 675367?5;3 7DA3S@=3 BF7 D7 7DE343 97?7C3=;K3?6@ 3DR 5@>@ 3= :75:@ 67 BF7 7= 5F7CA@ 67 8F?5;@?3C;@D 3=53?KT >36FC7K J 7DE34;=;636 ? =3 GRDA7C3 67 =3 F7CC3 67 ?67A7?67?5;3 =3 "F7G3 DA3S3 7DE343 5@?5=FJ7?6@ =3 7E3A3 67 >36FC7K 67= 5;5=@ 67 8@C>35;T? 67= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= BF7 :34R3 5F4;7CE@ >OD 67 >76;@ D;9=@ 67>OD =3 GFCVK@:8 ;< I<=FID8 @DGC8EK8;8 GFI CFJ FI9FE<J J@>E@d:X C8 @EJK@KL:@FE8C@Q8:@XE ;<C D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= J 7= 67D3CC@==@ 67= D7?E;6@ 67= 6747C :35;3 7= DE36@ 67 >@6@ BF7 =@D 7>A=736@D E7?6;7C@? 3 36:7C;CD7 3 7D3 A@=RE;53 J :357C 67= 53C9@ F?3 C7DA@?D34;=;636 AV4=;53 J F?3 53CC7C3 AC@87D;@?3= DE7 AC@57D@ 67 8@C>35;T? 67= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= :;DA3?@3>7C;53?@ 8F7 >OD F? AC@6F5E@ 67 =3 7?7C9R3 67= 9@4;7C?@ G;CC7;?3= BF7 F? AC@9C3>3 AC7>76;E36@ ? E@6@ 53D@ 5@>@ DF576;T 7? $CFD;3 7? =7>3?;3 =3 8@C>35;T? 67= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;= D7 ;?;5;T 3D;>;D>@ >7C576 3 =3 7?7C9R3 9F47C?3>7?E3= :3DE3 7? 7DE7 AC@57D@ D7 :;K@ ?757D3C;3 DF 8@C>3=;K35;T? 7? 7DE3EFE@D J =7J7D ? =3 "F7G3 DA3S3 DT=@ 83=ET F?3 6;DA@D;5;T? =793= BF7 8@C>3=;K3C3 7= :75:@ EC3D57?67?E3= 67 7I;DE;C F? 5F7CA@ 67 8F?5;@?3C;@D AC@87D;@?3=7D 5@>@ =@ 67<3 G7C 7= 57?D@ 67 &7G;==39;979@ J BF7 7? 367=3?E7 7= ;?9C7D@ =3 AC@>@5;T? J =3 A7C>3?7?5;3 8F7C3? 7DE34=75;6@D E3>4;Q? 8@C>3=>7?E7 ';? 7>43C9@ =3 ?67A7?67?5;3 97?7CT ?F7G@D 35@?E75;>;7?E@D 5@>@ G7C7>@D 7?D79F;63

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica ? E7C57C =F93C D7 6747 ;?D;DE;C 7? BF7 =3 ?F7G3 7J :3 @>;E;6@ 7= 7DE34=75;>;7?E@ 67= 57?EC@ 67 8@C>35;T? 7? 36>;?;DEC35;T? AV4=;53 5@>@ =@ >3?63 =3 @?DE;EF5;T? 7D 675;C F?3 7D5F7=3 ;?DE;EF;63 A@C 7= <75FE;G@ 767C3= ? ?F7DEC@ 7?E7?67C 6747 D7C F? A=3?E7= 67 5@>A=7>7?E35;T? J 3A=;535;T? 7D 675;C 6363 5@>@ DFAF7DE3 =3 8@C>35;T? F?;G7CD;E3C;3 7= A=3?E7= 3536Q>;5@ 4C;?63CO =3 8@C>35;T? 36>;?;DEC3E;G3 ACO5E;53 BF7 5@>A=7>7?E7 3 =3 AC;>7C3 '7CR3 F?3 7D5F7=3 67 8@C>35;T? J A7C8755;@?3>;7?E@ 67 =@D D7CG;6@C7D AV4=;5@D 5FJ@ 67DE;?@ D73 @5FA3C =@D 53C9@D 67= D7CG;5;@ AC@87D;@?3= 67 53CC7C3 J A@C 5@?D;9F;7?E7 5@=34@C3C 7? =3 D7=755;T? J 8@C>35;T? 67 =@D ?@G;5;@D J 53A35;E3C 5@?E;?F3>7?E7 3 =@D G7E7C3?@D ? DF>3 F?3 7D5F7=3 E3= A@6CR3 C75;4;C 3 =@D 79C7D36@D 67= D;DE7>3 F?;G7CD;E3C;@ BF7 :3J3? 3AC@436@ =@D 7IO>7?7D 67 ;?9C7D@ J 4C;?6O?6@=7D =3 8@C>35;T? 36>;?;DEC3E;G3 =@D 6@E3CR3 5@? =3D 53A35;6367D 67 67D7>A7S@ ?757D3C;3D A3C3 7<7C5;E3C =3D 8F?5;@?7D AV4=;53D &;G7D ? 5F3CE@ =F93C EC3E3C7>@D 3= E;A@ 67 D7CG;6@C AV4=;5@ BF7 6747 ;?9C7D3C 3= D7CG;5;@ AC@87D;@?3= 67 53CC7C3 = C7DA75E@ =3 ?F7G3 7J ?@ 5@?D;67CT =3 ;?E79C35;T? 67 5F7CA@D 67 8F?5;@?3C;@D 97?7C3=;DE3D 5FJ@ 7<7C5;5;@ D7 C73=;K3 7? F?3 8C3?<3 :@C;K@?E3= 3 EC3GQD 67 =3D 6;DE;?E3D '75C7E3CR3D 67 DE36@ J @5FA3? 53C9@D 67 7=7G363 I<JGFEJ89@C@;8; -L G<IdC ;< ;<J<DG<WF <JKT 98J8;F <E <C ;@J<WF P ?<:?LI8 ;< GFCVK@:8 GZ9C@:8 C8 GC8E@d:8:@XE C8 :FFI;@E8:@XE C8 ;@I<::@XE P C8 <M8CL8:@XE ;<C ;<J<DG<WF 9F47C?3>7?E3= ;?3=>7?E7 6747>@D 5@?D;67C3C BF7 7= CER5F=@ 67 =3 =7J 6;DA@?7 =@ D;9F;7?E7 b7? JLJK@KL:@XE ;<C Fd:@8C D8PFI G8IK@:@G8IT <C JLG<I@FI A<ITIHL@:F @ED<;@8KF ;<C TI<8 <E BF7 D7 :3J3 C79;DEC36@ =3 ?757D;636 ;?DE;EF5;@?3= @ =3 G353?E7 BF;7? E7?6CO 67C75:@ 3 G@E@ J 3 @A@?7C DF G7E@ C3K@?36@ 3 =3 D7=755;T? 3AC@4363 A@C =@D 67>OD >;7>4C@Dc D 675;C F?3 A7CD@?3 6@E363 67 >3?6@ 7DE@ 7D F? <787 BF7 AF767 D7C ;?5=FD@ F? =LE:@FE8I@F ;< :FEd8EQ8 <JKT ;FK8;F :FE C8 =8:LCK8; ;< M<K8I <C I<JLCK8;F ;< KF;F 7= AC@57D@ 67 D7=755;T? 67 F? 53?6;63E@ A7D3C 67 BF7 D7 <FK9F7 BF7 7D7 G7E@ 7D bC3K@?36@c =3 V?;53 53FD3= @4D7CG34=7 7D BF7 b<7C3CBFR3 >3E3 C3KT?c ? @EC3D A3=34C3D ?89@;8 :L<EK8 ;< HL< <C Fd:@8C D8PFI F <C A<=< @ED<;@8K8D<EK< JLG<I@FI GL<;<E <A<I:3 67 =;4C7 67D;9?35;T? D7 D@4C7A@?93 3= D7CG;5;@ 5;G;=

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Tomo III La Política y la Administración Pública

Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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Tomo III La Política y la Administración Pública

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Tomo III La Polรญtica y la Administraciรณn Pรบblica

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