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Hot Tub Safety TWO TRUTHS, ONE LIE

BY RICH ANDERSON

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted our lives and communities in various ways, including what people have turned to for leisure and recreational activities.

Because many had to cancel vacation plans and limit their activities, people explored new ways to enjoy time spent at home. Buying hot tubs and swimming pools to transform their living spaces into private oases became a popular option.

Hot tub sales have seen a significant increase since the pandemic, as they are a more feasible alternative to swimming pools. Hot tubs are more affordable, take up less property space and have relatively lower maintenance requirements – but this does not mean they don’t have the same safety concerns.

The Importance of Hot Tub Safety

Although they are smaller and require less maintenance than swimming pools, hot tubs have significant safety concerns that should never be ignored or neglected.

Proper maintenance including cleaning, water balance checks, inspections and servicing, as well as following safety guidelines and regulations, can help keep those using the hot tub safe while also extending the lifespan of its components.

In honor of the International Code Council’s Building Safety Month campaign, here we address the importance of hot tub maintenance and what you need to know to ensure it remains safe for you, your friends and your family.

Truth #1: Your Hot Tub/Spa Needs to Be Up to Code

Hot tubs and spas have codes that address their safety requirements and maintenance. The 2021 International Swimming Pool and Spa Code® (ISPSC) is a comprehensive code that is coordinated with requirements from other International Codes® (I-Codes) and the Pool & Hot Tub Alliance (PHTA).

This ISPSC sets the minimum safety requirements for hot tub installation, operation and safety. It covers areas such as:

- Proper recirculation rates

- Proper chemical applications

- Ideal pH levels

- Importance of skimmers

- Suction outlet requirements

- Electrical requirements

- UL listed portable spa exemptions

- Safety glazing in accordance with hazardous locations

Work with your local building department to ensure you are implementing applicable and up-to-date codes, standards and regulations for your hot tub. They will be able to assist with obtaining any required permits and may be able to help find a reputable contractor.

Most states don’t have, or require, a pool and/or hot tub contractor license. However, regardless of licensing requirements, obtaining a permit can ensure that the contractor includes the plumbing, mechanical and electrical items on the permit.

PHTA also has contractor certifications, which may be a good way for property owners to ensure that the contractor they are using understands the codes and standards that govern the installation and maintenance of hot tubs.

Truth #2: It is Important to Stay in a Safe Temperature Range

Even though you may be tempted to crank up the heat in your hot tub, staying within the recommended temperature range can both prevent the risk of pathogens and pollutants and reduce the risk of burning or dehydration.

According to the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, the safest temperature range for a hot tub is between 100 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit and the temperature should never exceed 104 degrees Fahrenheit.

The Lie: You Can Go Chemical-Free

Chemicals are necessary in hot tubs to kill harmful bacteria and maintain safe water levels. Common chemicals that are used to treat hot tubs and spas are:

When using these chemicals, it is essential to follow the manufacturer’s instructions and local health regulations regarding the use and dosage in hot tubs. Improper use of chemicals can lead to imbalanced water chemistry, skin irritation or other health issues.

Chemicals should also be stored in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions and in a separate location from an equipment room. Chemicals can potentially reduce the lifespan of hot tub equipment due to the adverse air quality condition created when storing them.

If you are considering purchasing a hot tub, or if you already have one, it is essential that you ensure it is maintained correctly. The Code Council has several resources and tools available to help maintain a safe home environment that can be found on the Building Safety Month website.

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