South Park Blocks Master Plan - Appendix A (Existing Conditions, Issues, and Opportunities Report)

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Existing Conditions, Issues, and Opportunities Report

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South Park Blocks

Master Plan

EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS MASTER PLAN - APPENDIX A AUGUST 1, 2019 | updated January 2021

MAYER/REED | TOOLE DESIGN GROUP | MORGAN HOLEN & ASSOCIATES | LOIS D. COHEN ASSOCIATES

VISION Portland’s parks, public places, natural areas, and recreational opportunities give life and beauty to our city. These essential assets connect people to place, self, and others. Portland’s residents treasure and care for this legacy, building on the past to provide for future generations.

MISSION The mission of Portland Parks & Recreation is to help Portlanders play - providing the safe places, facilities, and programs which promote physical, mental, and social activity. We get people, especially kids, outside, active, and connected to the community. As we do this, there will be an increase in the wellness of our residents and the livability of our city. We accomplish this through: • Establishing, safeguarding and restoring the parks, natural areas, public places, and urban forest of the city, ensuring that these are accessible to all; • Developing and maintaining excellent facilities and places for public recreation and community building; • Providing dynamic recreation programs and services that promote health and well-being for all; • Partnering with the community we serve.

EQUITY STATEMENT We recognize, understand, and encourage celebration of the differences that surround us. Diversity and equity are vital to Portland Parks & Recreation’s ideals and values.

PROJECT TEAM MIG, Inc. Mayer/Reed Morgan Holen Associates Toole Design Group Lois D. Cohen Associates

Cover images (clockwise from top left): Smith Plaza/Amphitheater (MIG) Park block between Madison and Jefferson (MIG) Wednesday Farmers Market at Joseph Shemanski Square (MIG) 1914 Shattuck Elementary (source unknown) 1878 Bird’s eye view of the South Park Blocks looking north (Oregon Historical Society Research Library: OrHi 23454) 1975 Lincoln Statue from east side of park block between Main and Madison (City of Portland Archives, AP/6302) Left: PSU Children’s Playground (MIG)

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

CONTENTS 05

I. INTRODUCTION

07

Purpose

07

Goals

07

Project Timeline

07

Consultant Team

09 10 17

II. HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH PARK BLOCKS Potential Period of Significance III. EXISTING CONDITIONS

19

Spatial Organization

25

Buildings and Structures

31

Circulation

45

Natural Resources, Systems, and Features

47

Vegetation

55

Small-scale Features

61

Views and Vistas

63

Park Uses, Functions, and Programming

65

IV. ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES

67

Layers of History and Change Over Time

68

Vegetation Character and Ecological Function / Tree Succession Planning

69

Increase in Density and Use, and Change in Type of Use

70

Connections Between Blocks and Between Park and Neighborhood

71

Transportation Within and Around the Park

73

APPENDICES

74

Appendix A: Tree Inventory Summary Table

87

Appendix B: Existing Planning and Land Use Documents Relevant to the South Park Blocks Master Plan Update

88

Appendix C: Archival documents provided by PP&R and City of Portland Archives and Record Management

89

Appendix D: List of reviewed documents not provided by PP&R

Right: Abraham Lincoln Statue and the Masonic Temple in the background (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Brick edged walkway in the University District (MIG)

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

I. INTRODUCTION

Portland State University sign and tree rows at Market Street looking towards Mill Street (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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GENERAL MAP FEATURES

Park Block Character Feature

Building Footprints

Street Car Station

Historic Landmark Buildings

Portland Loo Bathroom

Park Block Tree Trunks (2019) Planting Areas

Park Block Tax Lots Other Tax Lots

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

Contours (2’ LIDAR) Street Car Line Easement

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PARK BLOCK FEATURES

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SITE CONTEXT / LOCATION SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan update

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

EXHIBIT 1

I. INTRODUCTION Purpose The South Park Blocks is one of the oldest parks in the City of Portland and is the anchor of downtown’s Cultural District and the Portland State University (PSU) campus, known as the University District. The park is a spine connecting downtown’s cultural and educational centers and provides for a range of activities not limited to strolling, dog walking, socializing, vending, studying, people watching, performing, and picnicking. The South Park Blocks is also the venue for the Saturday Portland Farmers Market, which has a smaller version held on Wednesday afternoons at Joseph Shemanski Square. The twelve linear half blocks that comprise the South Park Blocks are likely to be affected by the Green Loop, a major initiative to build a six-mile linear park and multi-use path that invites residents, employees, and visitors to experience Portland’s urban core in a new way. Considering this and many other changes the park is facing, Portland Parks & Recreation (PP&R) desired an update to the master plan to guide development, provide specific design standards for the Green Loop concept implementation, and ensure protection of the park’s unique historic and cultural resources.

See Exhibit 1: Site Context/Location

Goals The overarching goal for the South Park Blocks Master Plan Update is excellence and innovation in complex site planning for an existing world-class park. The South Park Blocks Master Plan Update will enable the 12-block park sequence to continue shining as a world-class park into the future.

The Master Plan Update: • Must reflect the complexities of the site’s historical development, the role it has played in the City over time and preserve/amplify its historical significance within downtown Portland.

• Will identify and provide treatment recommendations for the park features that are character defining (within scope and budget constraints for historic research).

• Must address contemporary needs expressed by the public, stakeholders, residents, tourists, city planners, and other advocates in ways that advance inclusivity, enrich public understanding of the site, and do not negatively impact features of the cultural landscape. Park amenities, transportation connections, and utilities must also be updated to better serve residents and visitors now and into the future.

• Must account for development trends along the park blocks – higher densities, more residential uses, and closer adjacencies between neighbors.

• Must address dynamic features of the site (trees/urban forest/plantings) that are character defining features of the cultural landscape and provide strategic guidance for their management, preservation, and succession planning.

• Must reflect the capacities, abilities, and operational proficiencies of its site managers.

Project Timeframe The project’s kickoff, technical investigation, existing conditions, and analysis phase was launched in April 2019.

Community engagement activities will take place in July 2019 and at other touch points throughout the length of the project.

Concept development is set to begin August 2019. Design options for the draft Master Plan Update will be presented for input in fall 2019.

Consultant Team MIG, Inc. is teamed with Mayer/Reed, Toole Design Group, and Morgan Holen & Associates. MIG is prime consultant providing overall project management and with expertise in historic and cultural landscapes as well as community and stakeholder participation. Mayer/Reed provides additional design depth to the team along with a robust understanding of the Green Loop and Portland Parks & Recreation. Toole Design Group’s expertise in off-street experiences including trails and campuses, as well as their transportation engineering qualifications, is tasked with looking at all modes of movement through and in the South Park Blocks. Morgan Holen & Associates is a consulting arborist with extensive experience working with urban forests tasked with providing a forward look to ensuring that the tree character of the site is integrated into the project. Community and stakeholder engagement is being primarily managed by PP&R and Lois Cohen and Associates (LCA).

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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1873 Engraving of west side of Portland with future location of South Park Blocks in green (Oregon Historical Society Research Library, OrHi 49537)

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

II. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

1878 View of South Park Blocks looking northeast one year after initial tree planting (Oregon Historical Society Research Library: OrHi 23454)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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II. HISTORIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOUTH PARK BLOCKS

Table 1: Chronological Overview of South Park Blocks Historic Resources and Events Date

Resource Information or Event

15,000 – 18,000 years ago

Glacial Lake Missoula breaks through a series of ice dams containing the 600 cubic mile lake located in western Montana flooding the Pacific Northwest during 100 events over a period of 3,000 years with 40 of those events reaching Portland, carving out the Willamette River and its associated floodplain, which included the area now including downtown Portland.

1806

On April 3, as part of the Corps of Discovery’s return journey, William Clark met with American Indians located on the Columbia River near the mouth of the Sandy River where they discussed the character of the area around present-day Portland along the Willamette (then Multnomah) River and the tribes that lived along its banks. The Corps of Discovery did not notice or explore the river themselves. Clark drew a map and noted that the Indian nations that lived around present-day Portland were the Clowewalla and Clackamas, whose descendants are now recognized being part of both the Siletz and Grande Ronde.

before 1810

Region around present-day Portland, Oregon populated with Chinook and Atfalati Kalapuyuan peoples.

1810s

Members of John Jacob Astor’s Pacific Fur Company find the entrance to the Willamette River after missing it during their early exploration of the area, with Clatsop Chief Coalpo’s guidance. Soon after they ventured up the Willamette River past present-day Portland and are thought to be the first non-American Indian group to do so.

1830

Federal Indian Removal Act in effect and institutionalized the practice of removing Native Americans from their ancestral lands – including all of what is now Portland – in order to make room for white settlement.2

1840s and 1850s

Development of the South Park Blocks is detailed in Table 1: Chronological Overview of South Park Blocks Historic Resources and Events.

The Park Blocks were set aside by early landowner Daniel Lownsdale in an 1849 survey. The narrow strip of blocks running north and south were substantially west of the city center at the time.3

1844-1926

The territorial and state governments of Oregon maintained a series of Black exclusion laws in the Bill of Rights, some of which were also directed against multiracial, Native American, Chinese and Hawaiian people.

1848

1 The University District design is 48 years old as of 2019. The age of an eligible property for nomination to the National Register is generally at least 50 years old.

Oregon Treaty signed settling a dispute between U.S. and Britain, creating the Oregon Territory. Britain gained sole possession of land north of the 49th parallel.

1850

The Oregon Donation Land Law (Act) (a predecessor to the Homestead Act of 1862) brought thousands of white settlers into Oregon Territory, swelling the ranks of settlers traveling along the Oregon Trail.

1852

One year after incorporation, Portland accepted a dedication of a row of twenty-four narrow blocks west of town from developer Daniel Lownsdale. Lownsdale, whose native Louisville had a similar row of "park" blocks, may have intended the blocks to serve as both a promenade and a firebreak between his real estate investment and the wooded hills above the new town.4

1852-1875

Park lots exist as unimproved roadway surrounded by residential development of large Italianate-style mansions.

1855

Kalapuya Treaty of 1855 (also known as the Treaty of 1855) dispossessed the Kalapuyans and their descendants of the aboriginal lands and effectively transferred the vast wealth of the Willamette Valley to non-Indians.5 Similar treaties were signed with the Cayuse, Umatilla, and Walla Walla tribes.

1857

Oregon voters disapproved a proposal to legalize slavery yet approved of an exclusion clause by a wide margin. The clause prohibited Blacks from being in the state, owning property and making contracts. Oregon was the only free state in the Union with an exclusion clause in its state constitution.6

1870

Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is federally ratified, granting African American men the right to vote. Oregon did not approve until 1927.

1877

First planting of 104 Lombardy poplars and Dutch elms between Salmon and Hall Streets completed. Analysis of historic photos around this time indicate five rows of nine trees spaced 20 to 22 feet apart on the northsouth axis and 20 feet apart on the east-west axis. Sidewalks were located inside the outer row.

1882

Historic etching shows park blocks planted with rows of trees with split 3-rail wood post fence installed along park block perimeters.

1885

City’s first park manager hired and a formal park design was developed and implemented.

Potential Period of Significance Further archival research will be necessary to determine the period of significance for the South Park Blocks. Based on the limited research effort expended for the Master Plan Update, a preliminary period of significance could be 1852-1970, with 1852 being the inception of the plat and 1969-1971 being the period before large-scale redesign took place in the University District. Additional research is needed to better understand how the South Park Blocks evolved between the 1920s and 1960s.1 Given the 1971 date of construction for the University District, the six University District blocks could be separately eligible due to the early 1970s design work that occurred there.

1841 Map showing tribal lands in what would become the Oregon Territory (Courtesy of Charles Wilkes, Library of Congress)

2 3 4 5 6

The roots of Portland’s Native American community https://www.oregonmetro.gov/news/roots-portlands-native-american-community Oregon History Project https://oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/park-blocks-1878/ Oregon Encyclopedia, Daniel Lownsdale (1803-1862) https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/lownsdale-daniel/ Oregon Encyclopedia, Kalapuya Treaty of 1855 https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/kalapuya_treaty/ Oregon Encyclopedia, Black Exclusion Laws in Oregon https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/exclusion_laws/

Top: Chinook dip netting depicted by J. Drayton (University of Washington Libraries Special Collections Division, American Indians of the Pacific Northwest Images, NA3995) Center: 1852 Plat map of the City of Portland reflecting the Lownsdale dedication of park blocks in downtown Portland (Oregon Hist. Soc. Research Lib., G494.P6G46.1852.T619.G2) Bottom: 1880 bird’s eye view of the South Park Blocks with arrows indicating typical placement of tree rows on the north side of a park block (New York Public Library Digital Collections)

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

ABOVE Columbus Day Storm, Tree Fallen on Car. City of Portland Archives, Oregon,

A2012-005, 1962. BELOW Wind Damage on South Park Blocks. City of Portland Archives, Oregon, A2012-005, 1962.

Table 1: Chronological Overview of South Park Blocks Historic Resources and Events

Top: 1914 Diagonal walkways on park block fronting Shattuck Elementary (source unknown) Center: 1929 View of Shemanski Fountain at the park block between Main and Salmon Streets. The block sloped downhill toward Salmon Street before it was filled and leveled by the 1987 Walker & Macy design renovation (City of Portland Archives, AP/20414) Bottom: 1959 Turf lawn, newly planted tree, and park benches along the South Park Blocks between Madison and Main Streets (City of Portland Archives, AP/6613)

Date

Resource Information or Event

1904

Olmsted Plan: Report to the Park Board is published showing the South Park Blocks as a pierce of a much larger connected Portland park system spanning the Willamette River.

c.1910

New park superintendent Emanuel Tillman Mische, a former employee of the Olmsted Brothers firm, carries out major redesign of the Park Blocks. Each block was reseeded to turf and alternate blocks planted with roses or colorful exotics, expressive of the formality of the park’s overall design.7

1912

Benson Bubblers designed by A. E. Doyle installed across the City. Original bubbler locations within the South Park Blocks are unknown. As of 2019, two are located mid-block on south side of SW Salmon Street at the Simon Benson Memorial, the other mid-block between Columbia and Clay Streets.

1912-1914

Diagonal walkways across block facing Arlington Club building (Salmon to Main) and Shattuck Elementary (College to Hall) are visible in historic photographs

1919

Rose Parade route goes through South Park Blocks: “Fourteenth to Jefferson, to West Park, to Madison, to Tenth to Main Street….” Events include exhibitions and band concerts at the “Victory Rose Festival Lane O’Laughter”8

c1919

Diagonal walkways visible on park blocks near Jackson and College9

1921

South Park Blocks “improved extensively…the broad center walk treatment, used in the lower blocks, has been extended and four blocks have been seeded to grass. The extension of this plan of central walks in gradually converting the South Park Blocks into an attractive mall will serve Portland somewhat as the Capitol mall served Washington, DC.”10

1922

“Festival Center” for Rose Festival located at South Park Blocks, Salmon to Jefferson, Park to West Park.11

1922

‘Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider’ statue, by sculptor A. Phimster Proctor, was given to city by Dr. Waldo Henry Coe. Groundbreaking ceremony attended by President Calvin Coolidge.

1926

Shemanski Fountain given to the City by Joseph Shemanski, designed by Architect Carl Linde, includes Rebecca at the Well and three ground level water basins for dogs.

1927

Oregon amendment to repeal the ban on Black suffrage passes.

1928

Statue of Abraham Lincoln donated by Dr. Waldo Henry Coe placed on the block between Main and Madison Streets. Block designated as Lincoln Square and block where Theodore Roosevelt statue installed four years earlier designated Roosevelt Square.

1943

Robert Moses presents his freeway system proposal for downtown Portland.

1945-1961

War Memorial Board installed on block between Jefferson and Columbia Streets commemorated soldiers who died in WWII and the Korean War. Memorial relocated to Memorial Coliseum grounds in 1961.

1900-1942

Apartments and rooming houses begin to appear. Mansions lining the park blocks were converted to apartments.

1945-1950s

Mansions razed to make way for new apartment buildings.12

1953

Portland State University moves to Lincoln Hall in the South Park Blocks.

1959

Circular brick wall and bench memorial along Salmon Street erected to honor Simon Benson, dubbed the Simon Benson Memorial.

1960

Auld Lang Syne Society installs The Great Plank Road historical plaque at the south end of the block between and Madison and Jefferson, the street known as the Great Plank Road.13

1962

Columbus Day storm damages many trees requiring removal.

7 Open Space and Park Development, 1851-1965, PP&R (2010) 8 The Sunday Oregonian, June 8, 1919, Section 4, Page 8, “City to Devote Week of Gaiety to Honoring the Rose.” (Historic Oregon Newspapers Archive, University of Oregon) 9 Nelson, Donald. The South Parks Blocks: A Neighborhood History (Donald Nelson Books) 2008: 82.

10 The Sunday Oregonian, March 20, 1921, Section 5, Page 3, Image 69, “Busiest Outdoor Season Now Has City Bureau of Parks Occupied.”

(Historic Oregon Newspapers Archive, University of Oregon) 11 The Sunday Oregonian, June 18, 1922, Section 4, Image 73, “Festival of Roses, Pageantry and Sports Opens Tuesday.” (Historic Oregon Newspapers Archive, University of Oregon) 12 Danaher, Lana. “Historic Summary of South Park Blocks,” June 14, 1979. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=oscdl_cityarchives 13 Danaher, Lana. “Historic Summary of South Park Blocks,” June 14, 1979. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=oscdl_cityarchives

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Top: 1962 Columbus Day storm damage along Market Street (City of Portland Archives, Oregon, A2012-005) Center: 1938 Aerial of SW Portland showing proposed Stadium/Foothills Freeway at the south end of the South Park Blocks which was later constructed in 1965 (City of Portland Archives, A2010-001-92) Bottom: 1968 PSU students sitting in Park Blocks in front of Portland State College Center (Smith Memorial Student Union) and South Park Hall (Maseeh) (University Archives, Portland State University Library)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Table 1: Chronological Overview of South Park Blocks Historic Resources and Events Date

Resource Information or Event

1965-1969

Stadium Freeway/Foothills Freeway/Interstate 405 construction demolishes many buildings and the park block between Clifton and Jackson Streets.14

1970

Demonstrations held on PSU campus and South Park Blocks following students killed at Kent State University, objections to the Vietnam War, and concern about Indigenous rights.

1969-1971

Master Plan for PSU developed by Portland-based firm Campbell Yost and Associates (now Yost Grube Hall Architects), who retain landscape architect Hideo Sasaki as a consultant regarding the University’s future landscaping in relation to building and programming efforts underway.15

1971-1977

A six-year building program initiated at PSU aimed to define and the role of the institution in its urban setting.

1971-1972

Major redesign of the University District park blocks which also closed streets to vehicular traffic at Market on the east side and at Montgomery on the west side. Turf areas eliminated and roses shrubs removed and replaced with a sloping, slightly terraced brick-lined mall.16

1973

University District closed to traffic.17

1975

Addition of Farewell to Orpheus fountain to south end of park block between Mill and Montgomery. The fountain was designed by PSU professor Frederic Littman.

1979

Holon sculpture by Gordon Hearn, first dean and founder of the PSU School of Social Work, is installed on block facing Millar Library and Neuberger Hall.

1980

South Park Blocks Framework Master Plan for the six blocks of the Cultural District adopted.

mid-1980s

Peace Chant sculpture by artist Steve Gillman installed on block between Jefferson and Columbia.

1984

Design Commission accepted the design concept from Portland landscape architecture firm Walker Macy for blocks between Market and Jefferson and the requisite deletion of diagonal walkways.

1984

Major renovation of the Cultural District blocks between Market and Jefferson – blocks widened, dual northsouth walkways and cross-block connections added, single luminaire light standards, hexagonal asphalt pavers for walkways and sidewalks.

1984

In the Shadow of the Elm marble paving art by Oregon artist Paul Sutinen installed on block between Market and Clay.

1985

Block between Jefferson and Columbia designated as Peace Plaza.

1987

Major renovation of the Cultural District’s three most northern blocks (Salmon to Jefferson) used same circulation concept (no diagonal paths) and design elements inspired by 1984 construction on blocks between Market and Jefferson. Walkways comprised of 8” hexagonal asphalt pavers, grey tone, sandblast finish. Site lighting comprised of single luminaires, fluted column, historic black color, some with 110 v. convenience outlets, generally 16 luminaires to each block.

1987

Plant materials for blocks between Salmon and Jefferson include shade tolerant grass, white azaleas, annuals, roses, red oak, sugar maple, flowering cherry, Japanese maple, pleached hornbeam.

14 Stadium Freeway future northbound route looking northwest, City of Portland Archives, AP/5435.

15 “University Reappraises Long-Term Building Plans,” Portland State Perspective, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1970 https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/ cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1021&context=perspective 16 Danaher, Lana. “Historic Summary of South Park Blocks,” June 14, 1979. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=oscdl_cityarchives 17 https://www.pdx.edu/profile/visit-south-park-blocks Top: 1970 Portland riot police on the PSU campus during solidarity demonstrations in the wake of students killed at Kent State University (City of Portland Archives, AP/56764)

Top: 1975 Students in the South Park Blocks, hot dog stand, and Millar Library (University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS7683_pdx_2020_04)

Center: 1972 Construction of new walkways and planting areas under mature shade trees at PSU (vintageportland)

Center: 1987 South Park Blocks renovation project area (City of Portland Archives and Record Management)

Bottom: 1975 Dedication of Farewell to Orpheus fountain (University Archives, Portland State University Library)

Bottom: c.1990 Farewell to Orpheus fountain at PSU campus (Yost Grube Hall Architecture)

12

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

Table 1: Chronological Overview of South Park Blocks Historic Resources and Events Date

Resource Information or Event

1987

Joseph Shemanski Square significantly altered to establish level gathering space, elevated stage area, and retaining wall and staircases added along Salmon. Turf removed along Salmon Street edge and plaza pavers installed (8” square and hexagonal asphalt pavers, grey tone, sandblast finish, contrasting tone for accent).

Joseph Shemanski Fountain installed on a new concrete base, its mid-block location retained. Simon Benson Memorial also redesigned with a concrete retaining wall that replaced a freestanding arched brick wall. New curb alignment on Main to potentially accommodate a future sculpture/statue within the right of way.

1995

Tree planted by Arab American Community of Oregon to commemorate lives lost in the Oklahoma City bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.

1996

Farmers Market moves to PSU campus from location at the Albers Mill building.

1997

Wednesday afternoon Farmers Market added at Joseph Shemanski Square.

2001

Installation of Portland Streetcar’s North South Line places platforms and tracks along Market and Mill.

2003

Native American Student and Community Center established at Park Avenue East and Jackson.

2004

Holon sculpture replaced after being vandalized in 2001.

2004-2015

Summer Arts on Main Street program, located along Main between Park Avenue West and Broadway, runs on Wednesdays between 11am -2pm during months of July and August.18

c.2010

Portland Loo installed at south end of Peace Plaza block.

2013-2014

ADA Title II Transition Plan assessment for Portland Parks & Recreation facilities performed in South Park Blocks. Assessments highlight locations where park facilities do not meet accessibility standards.

2015

On July 1, all Portland parks go smoke free, although smoking had previously been prohibited in the South Park Blocks.

2017

Metro, the regional governance entity of Multnomah, Washington, and Clackamas Counties, reports that the Portland area has the ninth largest urban Native American population in the country, with Oregon being home to nine federally recognized Indian communities.19

2018-2019

Renovation of Neuberger (now Maseeh) Hall adds new entrances along South Park Blocks frontage.

2018-2021

South Park Blocks Master Plan initiated and developed.

18 Portland Observer July 8, 2015, “Taiko Drumming Showcase.” (Historic Oregon Newspapers Archive, University of Oregon) 19 https://www.oregonmetro.gov/news/roots-portlands-native-american-community

Top: 2002 Raised curb planters at Roosevelt Square (City of Portland Archives and Record Management, 13/ED/31048) Center: Portland Wednesday Farmer’s Market at Joseph Shemanski Square spills out onto Main Street (MIG) Bottom: 2019 Neuberger (now Maseeh) Hall renovation (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Repeat Photography Repeat photography is a technique used to show change over time. New photographs are taken from the same or an approximate position as historic photos. Comparing the photographs side by side allows one to see how elements like circulation, vegetation, small-scale features, topography, and other South Park Block features have evolved over time.

All existing photograph credits: MIG Historic photograph credits: (if known) Top left: (source unknown) Center left: Architecture, Engineering and Construction Archives - Capital Projects and Construction, RS16882_198_0004, University Archives, Portland State University Library Bottom left: City of Portland Archives and Record Management, AP/6407 Top right: University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS6620_pdx_1448_09 Center right: University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS5849_pdx_0831_11 Bottom right: University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS5452_pdx_0561_06

14

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

All existing photograph credits: MIG Historic photograph credits: (if known) Top left: University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS5451_pdx_0561_03 Center left: City of Portland Archives and Record Management, AP/6301 Bottom left: City of Portland Archives and Record Management, A2005-005.35.1 - 35.3 Top right: City of Portland Archives and Record Management, AP/6302 Center right: Oregon Historical Society Bottom right: City of Portland Archives and Record Management, A2001-066.219

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Detail of the lower dog water fountains and concrete base of the Joseph Shemanski Fountain (MIG)

16

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

III. EXISTING CONDITIONS Joseph Shemanski Fountain and Square (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

17

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Development, Land Use, and Zoning Residential

Historic Landmark

Residential - Planned or Construction

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Zoning CX - Central Commercial FAR- 6:1 Height- 100-250’ RX - Central Residential FAR- 8:1 Height- 100-360’ OS - Open Space

Source: 2019 Mayer/Reed Fieldwork and Site Documentation, Next Portland, PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

400 FEET

Exhibit2 2 EXHIBIT

III. EXISTING CONDITIONS

• Between Jefferson & Market, buildings are mostly residential structures with a few churches.

The inventory, analysis, and evaluation of the South Park Blocks was performed using the following landscape characteristics as a framework:

• North of Jefferson, buildings are mainly institutions: churches, Portland Art Museum, Oregon Historical Society, and the Portland5 venues.

• Spatial Organization • Buildings and Structures

• There are many buildings along the South Park Blocks that are historic landmark structures. The majority of these are on the west side.

• Circulation

• Planned developments in this area include:

• Natural Resources, Systems and Features • Vegetation • Small-scale Features • Views and Vistas

- Rothko Pavilion at the Portland Art Museum, a 4-story expansion linking the Portland Art Museum with the Mark Building above grade. The expansion will maintain a pedestrian path from Park Avenue West to 10th and move the existing loading dock to Jefferson.

A discussion of select features under each characteristic is provided and a summary table accounts for all inventoried features in the South Park Blocks. See Table 2: Summary of Potentially Historic and Non-Historic Landscape Features for the South Park Blocks.

- Park & Columbia, a 7-story residential development, providing 73 dwelling units, one-third of which will be designated as affordable. Intended ground floor uses are residential and real estate office space. A parking garage entrance will be located on Columbia adjacent to the Broadway Tower parking garage entrance.

Spatial Organization

- Other possible future redevelopment sites include:

Spatial organization is the historical, three-dimensional arrangements of physical form. This might include how other landscape characteristics – like circulation systems, views and vistas, land use, and clusters of small-scale features – define spaces within the landscape.20

- Parcel at Main and Park Avenue West, currently a surface parking lot, owned by the Portland Art Museum.

Land Use and Zoning • Zoning on the east side of the South Park Blocks is consistently Central Commercial (CX). This zone allows for high density development with high building coverage. Buildings may have 6:1 FAR and heights in the 100-250’ range.

• Zoning on the west side of the South Park Blocks is Central Commercial (CX) south of Market and Central Residential (RX) north of Market. This zone allows medium to high rise apartments and condominiums, as well as retail, institutional or other service-oriented uses. Buildings may have 8:1 FAR and heights in the 100-360’ range.

• Per the Central City Plan District code, all new construction on the Park Blocks must incorporate a 12’ setback from the lot line along at least 75% of the length. At least 50% of the space between the building and the street must be landscaped and contain one tree per 400 square feet.

• South of Market, buildings are mostly PSU institutional buildings with a few residential structures.

- Parcel at College and Park Avenue East, south of Shattuck Hall, owned by PSU. • Central City 2035 Plan identifies the Green Loop as a key urban design element, optimizing connections between adjacent neighborhoods. In the University District, the plan encourages active open spaces in the evenings and on weekends to promote a campus environment.

• PSU University District Framework Plan delineates three campus centers as focal points of future development, one of which is the Park Blocks Center. The center will act as a campus gateway, academic hub, and open space. The plan describes a framework of multiple “Green Streets.” The Montgomery Green Street will act as a major cross-campus pedestrian and bike route.

See Exhibit 2: Development, Land Use, and Zoning Exhibit

Management Areas

Gathering Spaces and Squares

Portland Parks and Recreation (a.k.a. the City of Portland) owns all park tax lots that comprise the South Park Blocks.

PP&R and PSU share management responsibility of the South Park Blocks through a limited management agreement dated 2010. The agreement acknowledges the City of Portland is the owner of the blocks between Jackson and Market and allows PSU to permit and allow activities on these blocks that address needs of the university. The agreement lists the rights and obligations of PSU to include:

The South Park Blocks are characterized by linear movement though the space as well as providing both informal and formal gathering spaces and squares to stop, take a seat, reflect, socialize, engage with vendors, and people watch. Spatial organization of each park block is reflective of the designed combination of circulation, vegetation, and small-scale features. The linear processional aspect stems from the park’s historic design as a promenade-style park which was in vogue in the late 19th and early 20th century.

• Permitting

Presence of gathering spaces are influential in characterizing the tempo, level of activity, and attendance observed on each block and typically include a focal point such as a fountain, special planting areas, statue, artwork, or amphitheater space.21 The most activated blocks are host to seasonal events such as the Wednesday Farmers Market at Joseph Shemanski Square, the Saturday Portland Farmers Market that sprawls along the University District, and the Party in the Park event for PSU students in late September outside of Smith Memorial Student Union.22 As a result of the 1987 redevelopment of the Cultural District, the blocks between Salmon and Market were altered to provide a paved central activity area at each block.23 Gathering spaces support the overflow of adjacent uses of the cultural institutions, such as when people are entering or leaving performances at the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall or events are taking place at the Oregon Historical Society or Portland Art Museum. At PSU specifically, the site’s ability to accommodate more gathering was also a priority of the 1971 redesign.24

• Parking enforcement • Incidental vendors • Revenues and fees • Scope of maintenance and repair responsibilities, to include: - Mowing - Operations and maintenance and repair of irrigation and lighting systems - Maintenance and repair of benches, sidewalks, and other improvements with exception to the Littman (Farewell to Orpheus) water fountain.

• Public access • Utilities • Safety and security • Capital improvements and major maintenance - PSU may desire to make certain capital improvements and PP&R will reasonably consider such requests Portland Bureau of Transportation (PBOT), TRIMET, and the Portland Streetcar also play a role in the management of spaces around the South Park Blocks, which may include maintenance of transit stations, lighting, utilities, streets, associated infrastructure, and sidewalks that aren’t within park tax lots.

Neighborhood Context There are three neighborhoods, or city-recognized districts, in the vicinity of the South Park Blocks. The six blocks of the Cultural District between Salmon and Market are in the city-recognized Downtown district, while the six blocks between Market and Jackson are in the University District/ South Downtown district. Adjacent tax lots along the west side of Park Avenue West between Salmon and Market are in the West End district.

21 Gathering spaces and squares of the South Park Blocks identified in Table 2 under Spatial Organization are limited to those with distinctive focal points such as artwork, a fountain, or statue.

22 Party in the Park is a half day event that has been taking place in the South Park Blocks since 1990. The purpose of Party in the Park is to promote student engagement and leadership opportunities offered at the Portland State University campus to new and returning students https://www.pdx.edu/student-leadership/party-in-the-park 23 Request for Qualifications for the South Park Blocks Phase Two Redevelopment Project, 1986, page 3.

24 The 1972 Downtown Plan stated that, “redesign of the South Park Blocks adjacent to Portland State will provide areas for active uses such as outdoor concerns and informal gatherings.”

20 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Table 2: Summary of Potentially Historic and Non-Historic Landscape Features for the South Park Blocks Landscape Features

Potentially Historic

Potentially Non-historic

Further evaluation needed or not assessed

Spatial Organization Gathering Spaces and Squares Simon Benson Memorial and Plaque (1959, 1987)

X

Landscape Features

X

Concrete Walkway at PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990)

X X

X

Concrete Step Pavers Set in Turf at PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990)

Lincoln Square (1928, 1987)

X

Natural Resources, Systems, and Features

Roosevelt Square (1922, 1987)

X

Slope/Topography

X X

Peace Plaza and Plaque (1985)

X

Urban Wildlife, Birds, and Pollinators

In the Shadow of the Elm Plaza and Engraving by Paul Sutinen (1984)

X

Vegetation

Smith Plaza/Amphitheater (1971)

X

Deciduous Trees and Canopy

X

Holon Gathering Space (1971)

X

Planting Areas

X

Turf Areas

X

X

Stage at Joseph Shemanski Square (1987)

X

Portland Loo (c.2010)

X

Streetcar Shelters at Market and Mill (2007)

X

PSU Brick Seatwalls/Retaining Walls (1971) PSU Cob Shelter (2000s)

Rose Beds

X X

X

Exposed Aggregate Walkways Lined with Brick (University District) (1971)

X

Constructed Water Features

Circulation Concrete Stairs at Salmon Street (1987)

X

Small-scale Features

X

Stage at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater (1971)

Further evaluation needed or not assessed

X

Native and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials

Buildings and Structures Retaining Wall at Simon Benson Memorial (1987)

Potentially Non-historic

Pedestrian Walkways Along Mill, Montgomery, Harrison and Hall Streets between Park Ave East and Broadway (2010s)

Joseph Shemanski Square (1926, 1987)

PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990)

X

Joseph Shemanski Fountain and Rebecca at the Well Statue by Carl Linde (1926) with Freestanding Sign

X

Farewell to Orpheus Fountain and Plaque by Frederic Littman (1972-1973)

X

Benson Bubblers (1912)

X

South Park Blocks Light Poles and Luminaires (1984, 1987)

X

Cultural District Spotlights (1984, 1987)

X

Park Benches (Cultural District)

Hexagonal Asphalt Paver Walkways and Sidewalks (Cultural District) (1984, 1987)

X

PSU Brick Seatwall Wood Slat Benches (1971)

Painted Crosswalks (undated)

X

Trash receptacles (Cultural District)

Refuge Island at Main Street (1987)

X

Trash receptacles (University District) Utility Box at Park Ave East/Lincoln Square

20

Potentially Historic

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

X X X X X

Table 2: Summary of Potentially Historic and Non-Historic Landscape Features for the South Park Blocks (continued) Landscape Features Abraham Lincoln Statue by George Fife Waters (1928)

Potentially Historic

Further evaluation needed or not assessed

X X

Peace Chant by Steven Gillman (1984) Bronze Clock on Pedestal at Mill Street

X X

Concrete Bollards with Internal Lights (PSU) (1971)

X

Freestanding Round Exposed Aggregate Concrete Planters (PSU) (1971)

X

Brick Tree Wells (PSU) (1971)

X

Concrete Chess Tables (1971)

X

Pole on Concrete Pedestal at Hall Street

X

Green Metal Fence at PSU Children’s Playground

X

Boulders Along East Face of Park Block at PSU Children’s Playground

X

Bike Racks

X

Plaques and Engravings In Loving Memory of David & Wynne Spiegel Plaque (undated) Great Plank Road Plaque (1960)

Further evaluation needed or not assessed

Regulatory Signage

X

Interpretive Signage

X X

Identification Signage

X

PSU Entry Signs (2)

X

Building Identification Signage, typ.

X

PSU Directory and Map Signage, typ.

X

Street Name Signage

X

Green Loop Signage

X

Directional Signage

X

Transit-related Signage for Bus and Streetcar

X

Views and Vistas Longitudinal North-South Views Along Park

X

Views to Statue, Art, or Other Focal Point

X

Views to Landmark or Other Buildings

X

X X

Cultural District Engraving (1999)

X

Terence O’Donnell Memorial Engraving (2001)

X

Junior League of Portland Plaque (1985)

X

Oklahoma City Bombing Plaque (1995)

X

In Memory of Thomas B. Hutchins Plaque (2018)

Potentially Non-historic

X

Garry Oak Engraving and Plaque (2001)

Vanport College Plaque at Lincoln Hall (1948)

Potentially Historic

South Park Blocks History Signage on Portland Loo Door

X

Holon and Plaque by Don Wilson (1979, 2004)

Landscape Features

Signs

X

Planter Fencing (Cultural District) Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider Statue and (2) Plaques, by A. Phimster Proctor (1922)

Potentially Non-historic

X X

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

21

H W Y T I4 05

FW Y-

SU N SE

11TH

10TH

10TH

Montgomery Hall

PARK AVE WEST

SMITH PLAZA/ AMPHITHEATER

Masonic Temple Farrell’s Sycamore Tree

ROOSEVELT SQUARE

PARK AVE WEST

Roosevelt Hotel

Cumberland Apartments

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Parkway

Parkmill

Simon Benson Blackstone Residence

Portland Art Museum

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

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HOLON GATHERING AREA

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Park Plaza Apartments

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Millar Library

Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

SHEMANSKI SQUARE

PSU CHILDREN’S PLAYGROUND IN THE SHADOW OF THE ELM PLAZA Neuberger Hall

Cramer Hall

PARK AVE EAST

LINCOLN SQUARE

SIMON BENSON MEMORIAL

First Congregational Church

Lincoln Hall Ladd Carriage House

Shattuck Hall

Smith Memorial Student Union

PEACE PLAZA

Annex

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

Sovereign Hotel

PARK AVE EAST

New Heathman Hotel

SALMON

MAIN

MADISON

JEFFERSON

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

MILL

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON

HALL

COLLEGE

JACKSON

BROADWAY

6TH

Existing Conditions: Spatial Organization GENERAL MAP FEATURES

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

MANAGEMENT AREAS

Building Footprints

Park Block Character Feature

Portland Parks & Recreation (Cultural District Park Blocks)

Historic Landmark Buildings

Gathering Spaces and Squares

Portland State University (University District Park Blocks)

Park Block Tax Lots

PBOT (Portland Bureau of Transportation)

Other Tax Lots NEIGHBORHOODS/DISTRICTS West End Downtown University District/South Downtown

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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Exhibit 3 3 EXHIBIT

See Exhibit 3: Spatial Organization The South Park Blocks gathering spaces and squares include: Simon Benson Memorial and Plaque (1959, 1987)

The Simon Benson Memorial today is comprised of a fourhead Benson Bubbler mounted on a single post, two standard park benches, a memorial plaque, and an elevated, level asphalt paver landing that is setback from the sidewalk.

The memorial was significantly altered after the 1987 redevelopment of the Cultural District. Previously, the 1959 memorial was comprised of a three-foot tall freestanding, arched brick wall with installed seat bench, memorial plaque, four-head Benson Bubbler, and level flagstone paver landing that was set back from the sidewalk. Existing features from the first memorial include the bubblers, the plaque, and the two stairs that lead up to the landing. The memorial is in overall good condition with the exception to items identified from the ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment25 which include no accessible routes to the water fountain or trash receptacle, stairs with irregular riser heights, and running and cross slopes that exceed accessibility standards.

Joseph Shemanski Square (1926, 1987)

Joseph Shemanski Square is comprised of a large, open hexagonal and square asphalt paver gathering space, the Joseph Shemanski Fountain, Rebecca at the Well statue, light poles and luminaires, deciduous trees in tree wells, and a low-profile concrete stage along the Salmon frontage. Photographs dated circa 1929 indicate the gathering space around the fountain’s concrete pad was packed earth. Another photo dated 1967 shows the fountain surrounded by asphalt paving.

A topographic survey dated April 1986 indicates a smaller Y-shaped asphalt paved area between Main and the Joseph Shemanksi Fountain with the remainder of the site as turf sloping down toward Salmon Street planted with rows of trees. The square was significantly altered after the 1987 redevelopment of the Cultural District. The redevelopment removed all turf on the north side of the block and changed the topographic design to establish a level gathering space throughout, but four trees within the new plaza appear to have been salvaged and still exist today. The location of the fountain did not change, but the decorative concrete base was repoured, 25 P&R-416, Park Block A: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746

the fountain underwent restoration, and Rebecca at the Well statue may have been rotated.26 The condition of Joseph Shemanski Square is good; however, the water fountain has a leak which results in water in the plaza. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment27 of the stairs performed in 2013 noted surface level changes exceeding accessibility standards and inaccessible water fountain fixtures.

Lincoln Square (1928, 1987)

Lincoln Square is comprised of a hexagonal asphalt paver gathering space around the Abraham Lincoln statue, groupings of park benches, trees, and planting areas. The gathering space was designated ‘Lincoln Square’ by the City in July 1928 before placement of the statue.28 A photograph dated 1949 indicates that the statue was placed along the centerline of a single central walkway (appears to be asphalt) lined with a continuous row of park benches. The height of the block on which the statue is mounted appears to have been set lower when the new asphalt pavers were installed in 1987. A 1986 topographic survey indicates that paving material was poured asphalt prior to the redevelopment. The square was formalized and enlarged with the 1987 redevelopment of the Cultural District.

The condition of Lincoln Square is good given supplemental maintenance provided by Friends of South Park Blocks.

Planting areas between the dual longitudinal north-south walkways have matured and are in good condition, and they provide foreground visual interest at the base of the statue as one approaches it. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment29 of this block in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards.

Roosevelt Square (1922, 1987)

Roosevelt Square is comprised of a hexagonal asphalt paver gathering space around the Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider statue, groupings of park benches, and ornamental planting 26 South Park Blocks Framework Master Plan Review of Goals, c.1986 (typed document) 27 P&R-416, Park Block A: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 28 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 106.

29 P&R-416, Park Block B: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746

Top: Joseph Shemanski Square looking south (MIG) Center: Roosevelt Square looking east (MIG) Bottom: Roosevelt Square with Portland Art Museum in background (MIG)

Top: Joseph Shemanski Square looking north towards the Arlington Club (MIG) Center: Lincoln Square (MIG) Bottom: Peace Plaza (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

23

areas that feature roses and mixed ornamentals. The square is opposite the Portland Art Museum and the Oregon Historical Society buildings. The size of the paved central gathering space and planting areas with roses and no trees provide more solar exposure for this park block. Photographs dated 1922 of the Roosevelt Square ground-breaking with President Calvin Coolidge indicate early walkways were packed earth.

Low growing box hedges that lined turf areas and ornamental planting areas were also present early on.30 The condition of Roosevelt Square is good given supplemental maintenance provided by Friends of South Park Blocks. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment31 of this block in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards.

Peace Plaza and Plaque (1984)

The block between Jefferson and Columbia was the site for a memorial board to soldiers lost in both World War II and the Korean War until 1961, when a new, more permanent memorial was constructed at the new Memorial Coliseum in NE Portland. The block was included in the 1984 Phase 1 redevelopment of the Cultural District when new stone artwork (Peace Chant, by artist Steve Gillman) was installed.

In 1985, the block was designated by the City Council as ‘Peace Plaza.’ Peace Plaza is home to other plaques, as well.

The condition of Peace Plaza is good to fair. There are damaged light pole bases and signs of skateboard damage to the stone slabs of Peace Chant. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment32 of this block in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards.

In the Shadow of the Elm Plaza and Engraving (1984)

The block between Clay and Market was included in the 1984 Phase 1 redevelopment of the Cultural District when new stone paving artwork (In the Shadow of the Elm, by artist Paul Sutinen) was installed. In the mid-1990s an article in the Oregonian stated that the tree memorialized by Sutinen’s work would be cut down because of a vascular fungus.33 In 1995, Top: In the Shadow of the Elm Plaza (MIG)

Top: Smith Plaza/Amphitheater looking south (MIG)

Middle: Smith Plaza/Amphitheater looking east towards Smith Memorial Student Union (MIG)

Bottom: PSU Children’s Playground (MIG)

Bottom: Holon Gathering Space (MIG)

24

30 Oregon Historical Society Library photograph dated 1922.

31 P&R-416, Park Block C: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 32 P&R-416, Park Block D: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 33 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

a tree was planted immediately south of the paved artwork to commemorate lives lost in the Oklahoma City bombing with a memorial plaque inset in the turf.

The condition of the In the Shadow of the Elm Plaza is good.

The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment34 of this block in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards.

Smith Plaza/Amphitheater (1971)

Smith Plaza/Amphitheater is located immediately west of the Smith Memorial Student Union. This gathering space is the largest in the University District and highly utilized during the academic year and during the weekly Portland Farmers Market. The block between Montgomery and Harrison was included in the 1971 redesign of the University District and features brick seatwalls, wood slat benches, exposed aggregate concrete paving edged with multi-tone brick in a soldier course pattern. The amphitheater features an elevated brick stage area immediately west of the main doors to the Smith Memorial Student Union. Benches frame the stage along gentle terraces.

Distinct small-scale features such as concrete bollards with internal lights and brick tree wells provide distinctive details for the gathering space.

The observed condition of the Smith Plaza/Amphitheater is in fair condition related to lack of maintenance to brickwork, grout, other paving details and bench slats. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment35 in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards. The amphitheater is not actively programmed for use as such by the PSU or the city due to the design issues inherent in the era of construction. If site managers intend to program use the amphitheater, the seating configurations, circulation paths, and stage will need further evaluation and design considerations for companion seating and accessible routes.

Holon Gathering Space

The Holon gathering space is located between Harrison and Hall. It is fronted by both the Millar Library and Neuberger Hall (currently undergoing major renovation). The gathering Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 109.

34 P&R-416, Park Block C: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 35 P&R-416, Park Block D: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746

Institutional Centers

Tree Canopy

Pedestr

space was built during the 1971 redesign of the University District and features the Holon stone sculpture set on a brick pedestal, brick seatwall wood slat benches, and exposed aggregate concrete hardscape paving lined with bricks in a soldier course pattern. The sculpture was added in 1979, and was replaced due to damage in 2004.

The condition of the Holon gathering space is in fair condition related to condition of brickwork, grout, other paving details and wood slats.

SW Park West/Jefferson

PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990)

SW Park East/Main

The PSU Children’s Playground is located on the park block SW Park West/Jefferson between College and Jackson. The playground includes a post SW Park West/Jefferson and platform play structure with two play activity zones. A low metal safety fence surrounds the play area. No dated drawings or documentation was available to determine the date of the post and platform play structure, but site managers reported it was installed “in the 1990s”. Site managers report that the playground has heavy use and is well-loved by nearby residents and other users.

Photographs from the 1960s depict a play area sited closer to College Street than it is today. The condition is fair given the age of the equipment. The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment36 in 2013 noted walkway surface level changes, running, and cross slopes exceeding accessibility standards, missing transfer systems, missing ground level play components, and non-ADA compliant engineered wood fiber (EWF). SW

Buildings and Structures

SW

SW Park East/Main

SW Pa

SW Park East/Main

SW Park East/Columbia

SW Park

SW

SW Park West/Market

Park East/Columbia

SW Pa

SW Park West/Market

SW Park East/Columbia

SW Park

SW Park West/Market

Buildings and structures refer to the location of buildings, structures, and associated spaces in the landscape.37 While there are many buildings adjacent to the South Park Blocks that influence how the South Park Blocks function as a linear open space, there are just a few inside the park taxlots.

This limited number of buildings and structures will receive evaluation and treatment recommendations in the Master Plan Update. Assessed buildings and structures include retaining walls, stages, Portland Loo, PSU Cobb Shelter, and streetcar transit shelters.

36 P&R-416, Park Block D: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 37 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm

SW Park East/Main

Top: Portland Art Museum from corner of Park Avenue West and Jefferson (Mayer/Reed) Center: First Congregational Church (Mayer/Reed)

SWBottom: Park East/Main Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall from corner of Park Avenue East and Main (Mayer/Reed)

SW Park East/Main

SW Park East/ColumbiaTop: Simon Benson Residence (MIG)

SW

Top: Oregon Historical Society (MIG) Center: Masonic Temple (MIG) Bottom: Lincoln Hall (MIG)

SW Park East/Columbia

Center: Millar Library (MIG) Bottom: Shattuck Hall as seen from diagonal walkway (MIG)

SW Park East/Columbia SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

SW Pa

SW Park 25

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Building Condition Extension of Park Block Tree Canopy

Building Entrance - Main

Foundation Planting

Building Entrance - Minor

Grade Varies From Sidewalk Stairs Ramp Wall Event Closures

Building Entrance - Vehicular Park Block Tax Lot Current or Future Development Removable Bike Racks Development Opportunities

Source: 2019 Mayer/Reed Fieldwork and Site Documentation, Next Portland, PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 26

°

University District - Jackson to Market

0

50

100

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

200 FEET

Exhibit 5 EXHIBIT 4

Roosevelt Hotel

Owned by Portland Art Museum

Masonic Temple

Rothko Pavilion

Portland Art Museum

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

Cumberland Apartments

Apartment Building

Jeanne Manor

Southpark Square

N H AVENUE 10TH 1

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Portland Loo

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

MAIN

New Heathman Hotel

Dolores Winningstad Theatre Portland’5 Centers for the Arts

First Congregational al Church MADISON MA MADIS SON N

Sovereign Hotel

JEFFE JEFFERSON J ERSON N

Oregon Historical Society

First Christian Church Ladd Carriage House

COLUM COLUMBIA C MBIA

SW Park & Columbia CL CLAY

Broadway Tower

University Park Condominiums

KET MARK MARKET M

Farmer’s Market (Seasonal)

SALMON SALMO S ON N

Transit Shelter

W BROADWAY BR

Building Condition Extension of Park Block Tree Canopy

Building Entrance - Main

Foundation Planting

Building Entrance - Minor

Grade Varies From Sidewalk Stairs Ramp Wall Event Closures

Building Entrance - Vehicular Park Block Tax Lot Current or Future Development Development Opportunity

Source: 2019 Mayer/Reed Fieldwork and Site Documentation, Next Portland, PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan EXHIBIT 5

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Cultural District - Market to Salmon

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES,ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORTREPORT Exhibit 27 4 SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master//plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES

Buildings and Structures

Simon Benson Memorial (1959) (1967) (City of Portland Archives)

Portland Loo

28

Retaining Wall at Simon Benson Memorial (1987)

Stage at Shemanski Square

Streetcar Shelter at Market

PSU Brick Seatwalls/Retaining Walls

PSU Brick Seatwalls/Retaining Walls

PSU Cob Shelter

Stage at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater

Streetcar Shelter at Mill

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

Exhibit 66 EXHIBIT

The existing condition of the brick seatwalls and retaining walls is good to fair. Site observations include missing mortar between bricks and missing or damaged bricks.

The building condition narrative below, however, addresses a broader number of buildings and structures adjacent to the South Park Blocks for the purpose of better understanding the adjacency between the open space and the built fabric.

of retaining wall. The wall connects with steps and landing area that appears to be original to the memorial layout. The wall holds back earth used as a planting area. The condition of the retaining wall is good.

Building Condition

Stage at Joseph Shemanski Square (1987)

• There is generally good interface between the adjacent buildings on both sides of the South Park Blocks and the street. Many buildings have major pedestrian entrances that face the park. Buildings have high percent fenestration and occupancy.

The stage at Joseph Shemanski Square is a low-profile concrete stage installed in 1987 as part of the Phase 2 redevelopment of the Cultural District. The stage is located at the top of the stairs and ramps that connect to Salmon. The stage condition is good. During the Wednesday Farmers Market events in 2019, the stage was not observed to be utilized.

The Cob Shelter at the southwest corner of Smith Memorial Student Union was built at an unknown date, likely in the mid-2000s. It is unknown why or what group built the shelter.

The shelter is made of cob, comprised of subsoil, water, straw, and lime and features a green roof. Site managers report the shelter is used by smokers during rainy weather and the condition is good.

Portland Loo (c.2010)

Stage at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater (1971)

In c.2010 the Portland Loo was installed at the south end of the Peace Plaza in response to requests by adjacent religious institutions who were experiencing overuse of their facilities by the houseless community. The Portland Loo is a prefabricated metal outdoor single-user toilet stall designed using Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles. The facility is in good condition and it is highly utilized given it is the only public restroom accessible from within the park. Site managers and residents along the park blocks have reported drug paraphernalia found in the vicinity of the Portland Loo.

The stage at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater is an elevated, triangular-shaped brick stage located at the northeast corner of the plaza/amphitheater. The stage perimeter has three or four brick stairs without handrails. A wood access ramp with a low kick-plate is installed on the south side. Brick circular tree well planters are located at the stage corners. The stage dates to the 1971 redesign of the University District. The condition is fair. It’s unknown when the wood access ramp was installed, but likely after 1990. Site observations include missing mortar between bricks and missing or damaged bricks, no handrails on the ramp, and stairs without handrails.

• Very few buildings along the South Park Blocks have vehicular entrances from Park Ave East or West.

• Because of a continuous slope between College and Salmon, many buildings have entrances that are above the sidewalk level, connected by stairs and/or ramps.

• Plantings along buildings vary in character: - In some locations, street trees or trees planted adjacent to buildings create continuous canopy with the trees in the park. This somewhat diminishes the presence of the building on the park and street, but emphasizes the green, leafy character of the park blocks.

- In other locations, there are “foundation” plantings of shrubs and groundcovers, which give the building a strong presence on the block. On the PSU campus, the contrast between this type of planting and the typical lawn and canopy tree composition of the park make the north-south pathways feel like the boundary between the park and campus.

See Exhibit 4: Building Condition University District See Exhibit 5: Building Condition Cultural District See Exhibit 6: Buildings and Structures Retaining Wall at Simon Benson Memorial (1987)

A concrete retaining wall at the Simon Benson Memorial was installed in 1987 as part of the new topographical design for Joseph Shemanski Square. The wall provides the backdrop for the Simon Benson Memorial and is between three and four feet tall. The memorial plaque is embedded into the midpoint

PSU Cob Shelter (2000s)

Streetcar Shelters at Market and Mill (2007)

The streetcar shelters at Market and Mill are installed at mid-block locations along the streetcar platforms. The walls of the shelter are etched glass. Accessory features of the shelters include small benches under the canopy and freestanding ticket kiosks. The condition of the shelters is good.

PSU Brick Seatwalls/Retaining Walls (1971)

The PSU Brick Seatwalls/Retaining Walls are featured in many of the blocks of the University District, with many examples at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater and opposite Cramer, Neuberger, and Shattuck Halls. Retaining walls sometimes hold back soil for planting areas. Others are freestanding and feature ends that taper down and disappear into the surrounding concrete surfacing. The brick seatwalls and retaining walls were part of the redesign of the University District in 1971.

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

29

I4 0

5

FW YSU

N

SE T

H

W Y

6 38 45 55 58 68 92 96

6 38 45 55 58 68 92 96

15 51

11TH

10TH

10TH

PARK AVE WEST

PARK AVE WEST

2,060

234

198

PARK AVE EAST

28

12

New Heathman Hotel

Annex

68

First Congregational Church

Lincoln Hall Sovereign Hotel

Cramer Hall

Ladd Carriage House

Smith Memorial Student Union

Neuberger Hall

PARK AVE EAST Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

1,810

Shattuck Hall

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

553

St. James Lutheran Church

Simon Benson Residence

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Parkway

Parkmill

Blackstone

Cumberland Apartments

tm ar Ap Vu

e

Park Plaza Apartments

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

en

ts

Millar Library Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

Portland Art Museum

Montgomery Hall

SALMON

MAIN

MADISON

JEFFERSON

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MILL

MARKET

500

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON

HALL

COLLEGE

JACKSON

BROADWAY

6TH

1 8 9 12 17 19 43 44 66 68 94 164 177

Transit Service and Ridership GENERAL MAP FEATURES

TRANSIT FACILITIES

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Bus Route

Building Footprints

Bus Stop

Historic Landmark Buildings

Street Car Line Street Car Station MAX Line (Green and Yellow)

VEGETATION Planting Areas

68

##

Bus Routes Sum of Boardings and Alightings for Select Stops

Notes: Ridership data for both transit and street car services show 2018 average weekday boardings and alightings. TriMet weekday averages are for Fall 2018 only.

Source: TriMet, Portland Street Car, PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan

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30

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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100

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EXHIBIT 7

Circulation Circulation is the systems for movement, including the spaces, features, and material finishes. Circulation features are paths, roads, streams, canals, highways, railways, and waterways.38 In addition to physical circulation features, issues as they relate to transit service, curbside uses, safety, and intersections in the South Park Blocks are also discussed.

Roadways in the South Park Blocks The South Park Blocks are full of activity from people driving, walking, bicycling, and using public transportation every day.

Comprehensive multi-modal count data for the study area is unavailable, however, based on observations that follow, it is clear all modes are well-represented.

• Most drivers travel east-west, across the South Park Blocks, either along Market, Clay, Columbia, Jefferson, or Salmon.

Columbia and Salmon each have nearly 6,000 vehicles per day, whereas Park Avenue East and West has approximately 1,200 vehicles per day.

stops in the area.

Table 3: Street Classifications

• As part of Portland’s Central City in Motion, SW Columbia St and SW Jefferson St will be transformed to include bus/ bike only lanes.

South Park Blocks Streets

• School buses also use TRIMET bus stops to pick up children.

Description

SW 10th Ave, SW 11th Ave, SW Clay St, SW 6th Ave, SW Market St, SW Mill St, and SW Hall St

Local Service Bikeway

Local Service Bikeways are intended to serve local circulation needs for bicyclists and provide access to adjacent properties. All streets not classified as City Bikeways or Major City Bikeways except for Regional Trafficways are classified as Local Service Bikeways.

SW Salmon St, SW Madison St, SW Main St, and SW College St

City Bikeway

City Bikeways are intended to establish direct and convenient bicycle access to significant destinations, to provide convenient access to Major City Bikeways and to provide coverage within three city blocks of any given point. City Bikeways emphasize the movement of bicycles.

SW Park Ave couplet, SW Broadway, SW Columbia St, SW Jefferson St, SW Harrison St, SW Jackson St

Major City Bikeway

Major City Bikeways form the backbone of the city’s bikeway network and are intended to serve high volumes of bicycle traffic and provide direct, seamless, efficient travel across and between transportation districts.

Bike Network

See Exhibit 7: Transit Service and Ridership Parking and Curbside Uses • Most curb space immediately adjacent to the South Park Blocks is devoted to metered parking. There is a limited about of curb space allotted for driveways, loading, and bikeshare stations.

• In 2014, the City of Portland commissioned a parking study of the Central City. The results indicate that the parking utilization along the west side of the park blocks is more than 85 percent during the evening and midday peaks (12 - 1pm and 7 – 8pm).39 • There are five ADA parking spaces along or immediately adjacent to the South Park Blocks, all of which are located along western Park Ave.

• There is one bicycle counter in the area, on Broadway and it indicates that, on average, more than 400 bicyclists are using the separated bikeway each day.

• There is ample bike parking throughout Portland State University and most destinations on either side of the South Park Blocks have at least one standard bike rack.

• Pedestrian count data is unavailable, however, the presence of the university, cultural destinations, high parking occupancy and variety of transit stops indicate there are high daily volumes of pedestrians using the South Park Blocks.

• No parking exists on side streets that cross the South Park Blocks between Market and Salmon, although it is permitted on adjacent blocks to the east and west.

Table 3 summarizes the City of Portland’s Transportation System Plan (2018) classifications for each street in the study area.

Transportation System Plan Classification

• School buses used by school groups visiting the Portland Art Museum, Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, and Portland5 Performing Arts Center tend to park along Park Avenue East between Salmon and Main.

Major City Bikeways should be designed to accommodate large volumes of bicyclists, to maximize their comfort and to minimize delays by emphasizing the movement of bicycles.

Vehicle Traffic All streets not labeled below as Traffic Access

Local Service Traffic Street

Local Service Traffic Streets are intended to distribute local traffic and provide access to local residences or commercial uses. Local Service Traffic Streets provide local circulation for traffic, pedestrians, and bicyclists and (except in special circumstances) should provide on-street parking. In some instances where vehicle speeds and volumes are very low (for example, woonerfs and accessways), Local Service Traffic Streets may accommodate both vehicles and pedestrians and bicyclists in a shared space.

SW Market St, SW Clay St, SW Salmon St, and SW Broadway

Traffic Access Street

Traffic Access Streets are intended to provide access to Central City destinations, distribute traffic within a Central City district, provide connections between Central City districts, and distribute traffic from Regional Trafficways and Major City Traffic Streets for access within the district. Traffic Access Streets are not intended for through- traffic with no trip ends in the district.

Central City Transit/ Pedestrian

Pedestrian-Transit Streets are intended to create a strong and visible relationship between pedestrians and transit within the Central City.

See Exhibit 8: Curbside Use

Pedestrian Network

Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities

SW 10th Ave and SW 11th Ave, SW 6th Ave, SW Mill St, and SW Market St

• The two streetcar stops in the South Park Blocks are very active, and between them, there are more than 3,000 passengers boarding and alighting on an average weekday.

• According to findings from PedPDX, there are no gaps in the sidewalk network within the study area, however, the areas along the SW Park Ave couplet, from SW Salmon St to SW Mill St and between SW College St and SW Jackson St do not meet the City’s crosswalk spacing guidelines.

SW Park Ave couplet, SW Broadway, SW City Walkway Main St, SW Madison St, SW Jefferson St, SW Columbia St, SW Clay St, SW Montgomery St, SW Harrison St, SW Hall St, SW College St, and SW Jackson St.

• The bus stops on the South Park Blocks are not as active as the streetcar stops, however, nearly 2,000 people board and alight from all bus stops within one or two blocks of the South Park Blocks each weekday. Bus stops along SW Jefferson St and along SW 6th Ave are the most active of all bus

• The SW Park Avenue (East and West) couplet is designated as a Neighborhood Greenway and is listed in the Transportation System Plan as a Major City Bikeway, however existing roadway and intersection conditions do not prioritize bicyclists and create difficult crossing environments, espe-

38 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm

39 Portland Bureau of Transportation. State of Parking. 2015. https:// www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/556011

Transit Service • A relatively high number of transit and streetcar riders arrive and depart from the South Park Blocks and the surrounding areas daily.

City Walkways are intended to provide safe, convenient, and attractive pedestrian access to activities along major streets and to recreation and institutions; provide connections between neighborhoods; and provide access to transit.

Transit Network Major Transit Priority SW Salmon St, SW Jefferson St, SW Columbus St, SW Market St, SW Mill St, SW Street 10th Ave, SW 11th Ave

Major Transit Priority Streets are intended to provide for high-quality transit service that connects the Central City and other regional and town centers and main streets.

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

31

W Y H I4 0

5

FW YSU

N

SE T

11TH

10TH

10TH Montgomery Hall

PARK AVE WEST

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

New Heathman Hotel

Annex

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

First Congregational Church

No parking Sunday

Lincoln Hall Ladd Carriage House

Cramer Hall

PARK AVE EAST

No parking Sunday

Sovereign Hotel

Smith Memorial Student Union

Neuberger Hall

Portland Art Museum

PARK AVE WEST

PARK AVE EAST

Shattuck Hall

St. James Lutheran Church

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Simon Benson Residence

Parkway

Parkmill

Blackstone

Cumberland Apartments

tm ar Ap Vu

e

Park Plaza Apartments

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

en

ts

Millar Library Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

SALMON

MAIN

MADISON

JEFFERSON

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

MILL

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON

HALL

COLLEGE

JACKSON

BROADWAY

6TH

Curbside Use GENERAL MAP FEATURES Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

VEGETATION Planting Areas

CURBSIDE USE Bikeshare Parking

Building Footprints

Street Parking (2 hr)

Historic Landmark Buildings

Street Parking (3 - 4 hr)

Street Car Line

Driveway Loading

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

ADA Parking Space

Street Car Station

Source: 2019 Toole Design Site Documentation, PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan

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SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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EXHIBIT 8

W Y H SE T I4 0

5

FW YSU

N

11TH

10TH

10TH

Montgomery Hall Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum

PARK AVE WEST

New Heathman Hotel

Annex

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

Lincoln Hall Ladd Carriage House

Cramer Hall

Sovereign Hotel

Smith Memorial Student Union

Neuberger Hall

PARK AVE EAST

First Congregational Church

PARK AVE EAST

Shattuck Hall

Roosevelt Hotel

PARK AVE WEST

St. James Lutheran Church

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Simon Benson Residence

Parkway

Parkmill

Blackstone

Cumberland Apartments

tm ar Ap Vu

e

Park Plaza Apartments

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

en

ts

Millar Library Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

SALMON

MAIN

MADISON

JEFFERSON

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

MILL

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON

HALL

COLLEGE

JACKSON

BROADWAY

6TH

Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities and Traffic Safety GENERAL MAP FEATURES

VEGETATION

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Planting Areas

Building Footprints Historic Landmark Buildings Street Car Line PARK BLOCK FEATURES Street Car Station

BICYCLE & PEDESTRIAN FACILITIES No Bike Facility Bike Lane Neighborhood Greenway

SAFETY Pedestrian Injury

Buffered Bike Lane

Bicyclist Injury

Separated Bikeway

Motorist Injury

Separated In-roadway Off-street Trail or Path Crosswalk

Notes: Crash data comes from the Oregon Department of Transportation and the Portland Police Bureau, and was compiled by the Portland Bureau of Transportation for 2006-2018.

Deaths reported by the Portland Police Bureau since 2015 are included, but injury data since 2017 has not yet been released by the Oregon Department of Transportation.

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg, Portland Bureau of Transportation, Central City in Motion

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan

°

EXHIBIT 9

0

100

200

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

400 FEET

33

W Y H SE T I4 0

5

FW YSU

N

11TH

5,749 ADT

5,969 ADT

10TH

10TH

Montgomery Hall

PARK AVE WEST

1,246 ADT

PARK AVE WEST

PARK AVE EAST

SALMON

MAIN

JEFFERSON

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

MILL

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON

HALL

COLLEGE

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

437 BADT

BROADWAY

5,092 ADT

New Heathman Hotel

Annex

JACKSON

First Congregational Church

Lincoln Hall

MADISON

Cramer Hall

Sovereign Hotel

Smith Memorial Student Union

Neuberger Hall

1,092 ADT

PARK AVE EAST

Ladd Carriage House

Shattuck Hall

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum

St. James Lutheran Church

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Parkway

Parkmill

Simon Benson Residence

Cumberland Apartments

tm ar Ap Blackstone

Vu

e

Park Plaza Apartments

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

en

ts

Millar Library Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

6TH

Intersection Control and Traffic Volume GENERAL MAP FEATURES

VEGETATION

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Planting Areas

Building Footprints Historic Landmark Buildings Street Car Line

INTERSECTION CONTROL Stop Sign Signalized Intersection

PARK BLOCK FEATURES Street Car Station

Uncontrolled Intersection ADT

Average Daily Vehicle Traffic

BADT

Average Daily Bicycle Traffic

Source: 2019 Toole Design Site Documentation, PortlandMaps Open Data, Portland Bureau of Transportation 2017-2018 traffic counts, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery,

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan

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34

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0

100

200

400 FEET

EXHIBIT 10

cially in the northern half of the study area (SW Salmon St to SW Market St).

• Missing or faded crosswalk markings – or low-visibility crosswalk markings exist throughout the project area.

• SW Columbia and SW Jefferson may see an increase in bicycle traffic when reconfigured to provide bus/bike only lanes on these streets. Improving bicycle connections to these streets will be important at that time.

• SW Broadway and SW 4th Ave are both identified in the 1-5 Year Project Recommendations of the adopted CCIM Plan. SW 12th Ave is identified in the 6-10 Year Project Recommendation. Each of these low-stress bikeways will function parallel to the South Park Blocks and will provide access to and from the Pearl District and PSU. Each route will provide protected bike lanes and signalized pedestrian crossings.

See Exhibit 9: Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities & Traffic Safety Safety • Based on the City’s Vision Zero efforts, there are no high injury intersections in the study area and there are no high injury corridors within the South Park Blocks, however, SW Broadway is part of the City’s high-injury network.

• The majority of traffic injuries that have occurred in the South Park Blocks involve pedestrians.

• The majority of traffic injuries in the South Park Blocks are intersection related.

• Additional emphasis could be placed on existing mid-block crossings to encourage drivers to yield to pedestrians and bicyclists.

- Mid-block crossing length is longer than needed. The existing crossings are curb to curb on Clay, Columbia, Jefferson, Madison, and Main despite the fact that parking is not permitted. The curb line could be adjusted through the South Park Blocks to narrow the crossing distance and send a visual cue to motorists to slow down.

• Lighting would improve visibility for all modes.

• The lack of existing intersection controls may be impacting pedestrian and bicyclist safety.

Top: Crosswalk at Columbia looking north (MIG) Center: Streetcar station at Market (MIG) Bottom: Bus stop at Columbia (MIG)

Top: Unmarked crossing locations and curb cuts at Market (MIG) Center: Streetcar station at Mill (MIG) Bottom: Crosswalk at Clay looking south (MIG)

- There are five uncontrolled intersections along the park blocks.

- Existing traffic controls give priority to motorists and create difficult north-south crossing conditions for bicyclists and pedestrians

See Exhibit 10: Intersection Control and Traffic Volumes Designed circulation features in the South Park Blocks include: Concrete Stairs at Salmon Street (1987) As part of the 1987 redevelopment of the Cultural District, existing grades were significantly altered at Shemanski Square to create a level hardscape gathering space and stage area. At the southwest corner of Salmon and Park Avenue East is a concrete staircase with metal railing that was constructed to access the square from street level. Aside from a few stairs at the Smith Plaza/Amphitheater and at the Simon Benson Memorial and along Salmon Street, this is the only staircase within the South Park Blocks.

The ADA Title II Transition Plan facility assessment40 of the stairs performed in 2013 noted risers lacked uniform width and height of risers, grates at the top of the stairs were out of code, and handrails needed anti-skate obstructions removed.

Exposed Aggregate Walkways Lined with Brick (University District) (1971) Historic photographs of the University District dated 1914-15 indicate presence of both diagonal and north-south oriented walkways. Photographs from the 1960s include similar diagonal and north-south walkways. Little historic documentation is available detailing the 1971 redesign of the University District blocks, but the master plan for the university was undertaken by Portland firm Campbell Yost and Associates (today known as Yost Grube Hall) in consultation with landscape architect Hideo Sasaki.41 As noted in Spatial Organization above, circulation was altered to expand gathering spaces and facilitate movement across the campus quad. The scale/footprint of the existing paths may have been enlarged in response to the growing university presence downtown.

A major and lasting decision coming out of the 1971 redesign was closing the streets to vehicular traffic. This move created a safer, quieter quad-like atmosphere, and would later expand to several streets connecting to Broadway. The University District’s hardscape materials palette from 1971 includes 40 P&R-416, Park Block A: South Park Blocks https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 41 Portland State Perspective, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1970 https:// pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www. google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1021&context=perspective

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35

MILL

PARK AVE WEST

Parkway Apartments

Simon Benson Residence Residence

MARKET

en m A

pa

rt

Parkmill Apartments

Blackstone Residence Hall

Vu e

Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

ts

Montgomer y Residence Hall MONTGO MERY

Park Plaza Apartments

COLLEGE

Millar Librar y

HARRISON

HALL

10TH AVE

PARK AVE WEST

PARK AVE EAST

Native American Student & Community Center

JACKSON

Shattuck Hall

Neuberger Hall

Smith Memorial Student Union

Cramer Hall

Lincoln Hall

Annex

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Pedestrian Circulation GENERAL MAP FEATURES

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

CIRCULATION

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Park Block Character Feature

Primar y Circulation

Building Footprints

Street Car Station

Secondar y Circulation

Historic Landmark Buildings Park Block Tax Lots Street Car Line

Stairs VEGETATION Planting Areas

Street Crossing Main Building Entrance Desire Lines

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 36

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°

University District - Jackson to Market

0

50

100

200 FEET

EXHIBIT 11

Circulation

University District Materiality

Diagonal and North-South Walkway Patterns from Mill Street to Hall Street (c.1960)

Typical Historic Walkway Materiality and Layout (1915)

(Oregon Historical Society, OrHi 98830)

(Oregon Historical Society MO90000_003680)

Typical Exposed Aggregate Walkway Lined with Brick (Primar y Circulation)

EXHIBIT 12

Historic Park Block Layout at Shattuck Hall (1914)

Typical Brick Detailing along Walkway

Desire Lines Across from the Mill Street Streetcar Station

Exterior Walkway between Market and Mill Streets (Secondar y Circulation)

Narrower Walkways Intersect in Gathering Spaces

Concrete Walkway at PSU Children’s Playground

Pedestrian Walkway Along Mill Street between Lincoln Hall and Cramer Hall

Brick Edging Flowing into Raised Brick Seatwalls

Concrete Step Pavers Set in Turf at PSU Children’s Playground

(source unknown)

PARK BLOCKS // plan master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT REPORT Exhibit 14 SOUTH SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES 37

Circulation

Cross Sections-University District 1

SW Hall St

CX

CX

200’ PP&R

SW Salmon St

SW Main St

SW Madison St 4 SW Jefferson St 3 SW Columbia St

REMOVABLE BIKE RACKS (BEYOND)

SW Market St

NEUBERGER HALL

MILLAR LIBRARY

SW Clay St

2 SW Mill St

SW Montgomery St

SW Harrison St 1

0 4

14’

25’

15’

SW PARK WEST PATHWAY PATHWAY

PATHWAY

60’ R.O.W.

SW Mill St

17’

SW PARK EAST SOCIAL PATHWAY JETTY

SW Jackson St

CX

140’ PP&R

P

0 4

12’

25’

8’

SIDEWALK SW PARK WEST SIDEWALK

15’

25’

PATHWAY

8

16

19’

SW PARK EAST PLANTING PATHWAY AREA

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 38 SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

Existing Conditions - Sections

SW Hall St

SW College St

PARKMILL

P

25’

16

LINCOLN HALL

2

CX

15’

8

Exhibit 16

EXHIBIT 13

exposed aggregate concrete which today is highly revealed.

Walkway perimeters are lined with tan-beige bricks in a soldier course pattern. The existing condition of the bricks, exposed aggregate walkways, and related materials is in fair condition.

Conditions noted during the inventory include missing mortar between bricks, missing bricks, and exposed aggregate and steel grates that pose accessibility issues (drainage holes are too large or are oriented incorrectly and can entrap walking canes and/ or bike wheels).42 See Exhibit 11: Circulation: University District Materiality See Exhibit 12: Pedestrian Circulation: University District See Exhibit 13: Circulation: Cross Sections University District Hexagonal Asphalt Paver Walkways and Sidewalks (Cultural District) (1984, 1987) The Cultural District’s existing hardscape materials palette includes hexagonal asphalt pavers, square grey and red-tinted asphalt pavers, exposed aggregate at-grade concrete curbing/ framing for pavers, and concrete curb ramps. Sidewalks at the perimeter of the South Park Blocks in the Cultural District are comprised of hexagonal asphalt pavers set within concrete curbs with vehicle parking adjacent on Park Avenue West and Park Avenue East. The condition of the walkways is in good to fair condition, with small areas in poor condition due to missing, uplifted, or loose pavers.

Historic photographs of the Cultural District dated 1911-1912 and 1949 indicate presence of both diagonal (X-pattern) and north-south oriented concrete walkways. A topographical survey dated 1987 for the blocks between Main and Jefferson show a central walkway running longitudinally through the blocks. The redevelopment of the Cultural District in 1984 and 1987 by landscape architecture firm Walker Macy added dual cross-block walkways on the east and west sides, split the central longitudinal walkways into dual walkways separated by planting areas or trees, and added hardscape alcoves for park benches along the north-south walkways. The hexagonal pavers were selected to ‘provide a more “flexible” surface which can move, over time, as tree roots grow and expand, and to allow small sections to be releveled or replaced without destroying the visual appearance of the walkways.’43 42 ADA Title II Transition Plan Update, 2014 43 South Park Blocks Framework Master Plan Review of Goals, c.1986 (typed document), City of Portland Archives and Record Man-

is smooth with various tones of integral color, planters include engineered stormwater facilities, and benches are modern.

See Exhibit 14: Circulation: Cultural District Materiality

Concrete Walkway at PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990)

See Exhibit 15: Pedestrian Circulation: Cultural District See Exhibit 16: Circulation: Cross Sections Cultural District Painted Crosswalks (undated) In general, single white continental-style crosswalks are located at the block midpoint in the Cultural District. At Salmon, there is only one crosswalk is located at the far northeast corner linking to the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall. At Main Street, the midpoint crosswalk is bisected by an elevated refuge island.

In the University District, crosswalks over through-traffic streets are not located at the block midpoint, rather they align with the perimeter park block sidewalks. At Market Street, where this condition is present, many people desire to cross at the block midpoint in front of the streetcar shelter because the block’s longitudinal walkway terminates there.

A north-south concrete walkway with a pad for a missing picnic table provides access to the PSU Children’s Playground at the southernmost end of the South Park Blocks. The walkway may have been installed in the early 1990s when it is understood the playground structure was last replaced. The sidewalk is in good condition.

Concrete Step Pavers Set in Turf at PSU Children’s Playground (c.1990) From Park Avenue West in front of the Park Plaza Apartments is a series of step pavers set in turf that links the sidewalk to

Refuge Island at Main Street (1987) At Main Street, the midpoint crosswalk is bisected by an elevated refuge median which was constructed in 1987 with the idea it would be the location for a future statue. The statue was never installed. The refuge island is paved with the same hexagonal asphalt pavers as in the adjacent park blocks.

Pedestrian Walkways Along Mill, Montgomery, Harrison, and Hall Streets between Park Ave East and Broadway Pedestrian walkways along Mill, Montgomery, Harrison and Hall Streets were made possible with the streetcar extension and with related decisions to limit access to vehicles into the heart of the PSU campus. The campus’ eastward expansion at the Urban Center now proposes additional segments of Montgomery Street be closed between 6th and Broadway on Montgomery.44 These pedestrian walkways diverge from design aesthetics of the park blocks – paving, planting, and furnishings are more contemporary. For example, along Montgomery between Park Avenue East and Broadway, the concrete paving agement 44 https://www.oregonlive.com/commuting/2019/04/portland-stateconsidering-banning-cars-from-street-at-heart-of-campus.html

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

39

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

Cumberland Apartments

Apartment Building

Jeanne Manor

10TH

PARK AVE WEST

New Heathman Hotel

SALMON

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

MAIN

Portland’5 Centers for the Arts

MADISON

Sovereign Hotel

JEFFERSON

Ladd Carriage Ladd Carriage Carriage Ladd House House House

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

Oregon Historical Society

First First Congretional Congregational Congregational Church Church Church

PARK AVE EAST

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Pedestrian Circulation GENERAL MAP FEATURES

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

CIRCULATION

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Park Block Character Feature

Primar y Circulation

Building Footprints

Street Car Station

Secondar y Circulation

Historic Landmark Buildings Park Block Tax Lots Street Car Line

Stairs VEGETATION Planting Areas

Street Crossing Main Building Entrance

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 40

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

°

Cultural District - Market to Salmon

0

50

100

200 FEET

EXHIBIT 14

Circulation

Cultural District Materiality

Diagonal and North-South Walkway Patterns at the Salmon to Main Street Block (1914)

Shemanski Square Asphalt Pavers and Concrete Curbing

Concrete Stairs at Salmon Street

Typical Exterior Walkway (Secondar y Circulation)

Typical Cultural District Park Block Corner

Refuge Island at Main Street

Hexagonal Asphalt Paver Walkway and Concrete Curbing

East-West Connections

Typical Painted Crosswalk

Transition to University District Blocks at Park Ave East and Market Street (1952)

Hexagonal Asphalt Paver Walkway and Concrete Curbing

(Oregon Historical Society )

Typical Pedestrian Walkway (Primar y Circulation)

(University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS11452_pdx_4022_01) EXHIBIT 15

PARK BLOCKS master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORTREPORT Exhibit 11 SOUTH SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master//plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES 41

Circulation

Cross Sections-Cultural District 3

SW Columbia St.

RX

60’ R.O.W.

80’ PP&R

CX

60’ R.O.W.

SW Salmon St

SW Main St

SW Madison St 4 SW Jefferson St 3 SW Columbia St

P

P

P

SW Market St

FIRST CHRISTIAN CHURCH

SIXTH CHURCH OF CHRIST

SW Clay St

P

2 SW Mill St

SW Montgomery St

SW Harrison St

0 4

SIDEWALK

4

SW Jefferson St

25’

5’

SW PARK WEST

RX

4’ 8’ SIDEWALK

PATHWAY

60’ R.O.W.

8’ 4’

5’

PATHWAY

25’

5’

SW PARK EAST

SIDEWALK

80’ PP&R

SIDEWALK

PORTLAND ART MUSEUM

SW Jackson St

CX

BIKETOWN STATION

P

P

4

14’ SIDEWALK

25’ SW PARK WEST

5’

4’ 8’ SIDEWALK

PATHWAY

8’ 4’

5’

PATHWAY

SIDEWALK

25’ SW PARK EAST

8

16

12’ SIDEWALK

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 42 SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

Existing Conditions - Sections

SW Hall St

SW College St

60’ R.O.W.

P

16

OREGON HISTORICAL SOCIETY

12’

8

1

Exhibit 13

EXHIBIT 16

this page left intentionally blank

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

43

W Y H T I4 0

5

FW Y-

SU

N

SE

11TH

10TH

10TH

Montgomery Hall

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

Cumberland Apartments

Jeanne Manor Apartment Building

Parkway

Parkmill

Farrell’s Sycamore Tree

Roosevelt Hotel

ts en r tm pa A e Vu

Masonic Temple

PARK AVE WEST

Cramer Hall

Lincoln Hall

Annex

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

Sovereign Hotel

Neuberger Hall

Ladd Carriage House

Shattuck Hall

0

13

First Congregational Church

180

Smith Memorial Student Union

0 PARK AVE EAST

10

11

12

0

0

0 14

15

PARK AVE EAST

0

16

0

17

18

PARK AVE WEST

Simon Benson Blackstone Residence

Portland Art Museum

0

0

Park Plaza Apartments

0

19

Millar Library

Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

New Heathman Hotel

0

SALMON

MAIN

MADISON

JEFFERSON 0

COLUMBIA 11

10

12

0

CLAY

MARKET 0

6TH

13

14

0

MILL

MONTGOMERY

HARRISON 15

0

HALL 0 16

17

0

COLLEGE

JACKSON

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Natural Resources, Systems and Features GENERAL MAP FEATURES

VEGETATION (URBAN FAUNA HABITAT)

Building Footprints

Tree Canopy (approximate)

Historic Landmark Buildings

Planting Areas

Park Block Tax Lots #

Contours (2’ LIDAR) Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan

°

44

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

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100

200

400 FEET

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT Exhibit 17 EXHIBIT 17

the play area. Today, a metal playground fence blocks access into the playground directly from the pavers.

Natural Resources, Systems, and Features Natural resources, systems and features at the South Park Blocks include features such as slope/topography, site drainage, urban wildlife, birds, and pollinators.

Slope/Topography Overall the South Park Blocks slope down to the north with the high point located in the University District and the low point located in the Cultural District. This reflects how the park blocks sit within an area that slopes from Portland’s West Hills to the Willamette River.

Topographical design, or the manipulated contours of the park tax lots and surrounding streets, provides for site drainage, provides for accessible routes and level gathering spaces, and improves user comfort in the South Park Blocks.45 There are areas where steep slopes intersect with transit and vehicular uses that create more immediate hazards or dangers, such as at the streetcar stations between Market and Mill. Site managers reported that bikes headed north through the South Park Blocks approach these intersections at high speeds. Drainage issues at the PSU Children’s Playground are to be addressed with funding from the Parks Replacement Bond approved by 45 An ADA Title II Transition Plan Update for all Portland Parks & Recreation facilities was performed in 2013-2014 and identified locations in all 12 South Park Blocks where running and cross slopes exceed accessibility standards.

voters in November 2014.

See Exhibit 17: Natural Resources, Systems and Features Urban Wildlife, Birds, and Pollinators The linear layout of the South Park Blocks can provide critical habitat corridors for a range of urban fauna. Features of the South Park Blocks that likely play prominent roles for wildlife include mature trees, contiguous tree canopy, native and ornamental planting areas, water fountains, and protected areas/eaves of adjacent buildings and structures. Resident fauna include: coyotes, squirrels, raccoons, rats, mice, opossums, bats, turtles, amphibians, hawks, waterfowl, owls, swifts, hummingbirds, woodpeckers, swallows, corvids, blackbirds, warblers and finches. Pollinators also benefit from features in the South Park Blocks, such as native planting areas, especially those with a variety of blooming flowers. The presence of urban wildlife and pollinators can serve as an indicator of riparian forest health.

Existing management practices that may impact habitat quality for urban fauna and pollinators are important to understand as treatment recommendations for the park sequence are developed. Recently, the City banned the use of Avitrol, a chemical used to control problematic bird species, which was linked to a mass die off of crows in downtown Portland in 2014.46 The City’s Urban Forestry department uses preventative tree injections to protect American elms from Dutch Elm Disease. An Integrated Pesticide Management (IPM) program is used to manage pests that are harmful to health, function or aesthetic value of park landscapes in an efficient, effective, 46 https://www.oregonlive.com/environment/2019/06/portland-bansuse-of-bird-poison-on-city-property-after-crow-deaths.html

Top: Park Avenue East sloping down toward Salmon (right) and Joseph Shemanski Square (left) (MIG)

Top: Gently sloped park block between Clay and Columbia (MIG)

Center: Walkways sloping uphill at Lincoln Hall (MIG)

Center: Sloping walkways and brick retaining wall planter between Mill and Montgomery (MIG)

Bottom: Walkways sloping uphill between Mill and Montgomery (MIG)

Bottom: Walkway along Park Avenue West sloping uphill in front of the Peter W. Stott Center and Viking Pavilion (MIG)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

45

HARRISON

398 397 399 396 395

209 402 197

207 224 196 393 394

401 404 199 232 198 210

211 392

215

212

390 389

229

217

406

234

403

208

233

202

PARK AVE WEST

220

228 407 408 227

201 203

200

226

405 204

214

409

205

411 410

235

PARK AVE EAST

218 412

Native American Student & Community Center

413

222 239 414 206 417

219 415 221 238 237 416 481

490

480 479

482

JACKSON

242

ts

243 241 423

245

253 266

252 267 425 424

427 270 269 471 472

474

473

476 475

Smith Memorial Student Union

MARKET

en m rt

MILL

Parkway Apartments

pa A

PARK AVE WEST

249

477 485

268

254

Neuberger Hall

486 484

244

240 429

478

487

483

428 255

422

426

488

Annex

Simon Benson Residence

421

491

489

Shattuck Hall

420

418 223

216

225

213

419 230

Parkmill Apartments

( !

Blackstone Residence Hall

e

Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

COLLEGE

Park Plaza Apartments

MONTGO MERY

Millar Library

Montgomery Residence Hall

Vu

HALL

10TH AVE

278 257 258 435 434 431 271

274

272

281

246

282

436

438 437 280 279

259 432 260

470

247 433

430

265

285

273

446

284 275

447

439

286 440 261 262

248 444

443 288

441

276

445

287 263

442

264

452

468

469 467 466 465

464 463 462 461 460 459

453

Cramer Hall

454

458

455

457

Lincoln Hall

456

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Tree Assessment GENERAL MAP FEATURES Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving Building Footprints Street Car Line

VEGETATION Planting Areas Heritage Tree Location Tree Locations and Treatment Recommendations (2019) Retain Remove Optional

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan update 46

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

°

University District - Jackson to Market

0

50

100

200 FEET

EXHIBIT 18

and environmentally responsible manner while paying careful attention to public and employee safety. Any pesticide use in the South Park Blocks use would include posting of signs but no fencing.

Vegetation Vegetation features might be native, functional or ornamental trees and shrubs, including groves, gardens, allées, urban forests, and meadows, etc.47 Vegetation in the South Park Blocks includes trees, tree canopy, turf areas, and a variety of planting areas of native and ornamental trees, shrubs, roses, and perennials.

Deciduous Trees and Canopy The tree planting design scheme since the inception of the South Park Blocks consists of five north-south rows of deciduous shade trees, evenly spaced, and, at times, interrupted by placement of art, statuary, planting areas, walkways, or gathering spaces. Since the original tree planting of 1877, fallen trees or those removed for disease or structural concern have generally been replaced in situ with the same species to preserve the design intent of the South Park Blocks. This approach yields haphazard results, however, as the mature tree canopy does not provide enough solar exposure for young trees below to thrive. The Master Plan Update presents an opportunity for site managers to gain a better understanding of the trees, arguably the most character-defining feature of the South Park Blocks. In 2018, consulting arborist Morgan Holen & Associates was retained by MIG, Inc. to perform a tree inventory and assessment for the Master Plan Update.

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC visually assessed existing trees and collected tree inventory data on May 15, 16 and 17, 2019. A complete description of individual trees is provided in Appendix A. A summary of existing tree conditions, initial findings, issues, and opportunities are discussed below. Tree locations are depicted on exhibits with trees labeled by point number corresponding with the tree data. Note that tree locations are approximate, and a professional survey will be needed in the future to develop plans associated with proposed site work.

• In all, 382 individual trees were evaluated within the South Park Blocks tax lot boundaries including 22 different tree 47 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm

species.

• Two heritage trees are located at the western perimeter the Holon gathering space block (between Harrison and Hall) and Shemanski Square (between Salmon and Main). Both are depicted on the exhibit although the beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) in front of the library is not currently included in the tree inventory; it is in good condition with no major defects. Both heritage trees are located beyond the boundaries of the South Park Block tax lots.

• American elm (Ulmus americana) and elm hybrids (Ulmus spp.) account for 199 (52%) of the inventoried trees. The elms are variable in condition and structure, but most are still suitable long-term amenities. They do need more proactive management, including some substantial structural and safety pruning, continued Dutch Elm Disease treatment, and periodic monitoring.

• In addition to species, the inventory includes trunk diameter measured at 4.5-feet above ground level, crown radius, ratings of general condition and structure, and other comments.

• Trees measured between 2- to 55-inches in diameter; approximately 20% were smaller than 6-inches, 50% were between 6- and 24-inches, and the remaining 30% were larger.

• Over 90% of the inventoried trees are in fair or good condition and approximately 90% have moderate to good structure.

• Tree exhibits depicts points color-coded based on preliminary treatment recommendations. Trees are either listed as retain, remove, or optional; 75% are classified as retain, with 29 trees (8%) classified as remove and 68 (17%) optional. Optional trees are those that could stay but are not necessarily long-term amenities. Comments in the tree data provide information as to why trees are recommended for removal or classified as optional.

• The assessment identified three dead, eight dying, and one dangerous tree. However, due to substantial defects, advanced assessments including aerial inspections and decay analysis is recommended for 17 trees. These findings have been shared with Urban Forestry.

• There is an overall lack of young tree structural pruning and maintenance pruning on older established trees, many of which have large diameter scaffold branches and tremendous crown weight over heavily used streets. The need for pruning (to improve structure, remove dead and defective branches, or to improve growing space for newly planted trees) was noted for 114 trees. Trees identified for pruning will be reviewed during an on-site meeting with Joel Smith,

the City’s tree inspector assigned to this project, to further refine the preferred treatments.

• Many of the trees have grass up to the trunk and some lawn mower damage to surface roots. Other trees have small grass-free areas but no mulch, just compacted soil.

• More information is needed concerning the existing irrigation system to understand if the trees are adapted to and/ or rely on supplemental watering, if the irrigation schedule is optimal, and how removal and replacement of irrigation

• There is considerable infrastructure around and near many trees. Removing it is possible but will need to be done carefully. Any roots exposed beneath existing infrastructure will require assessment. In planning for new infrastructure, assume roots will be revealed, design to avoid excavation, and/or locate new infrastructure further from trees to improve growing space. Alternative types of surfacing should be explored such as decomposed granite, flexible porous pavement, etc.

• Young trees presumably planted for succession are not all doing well, primarily due to lack of overhead growing space and shade intolerance. Many of these trees are developing with poor structure including one-sided crowns and lean.

The worst of these are identified as remove while others are optional for removal. The issue is that when it comes time to remove the older adjacent trees, the newer trees will not be suitable for retention with exposure. If trees are removed and new trees are planted, it may be advantageous to avoid planting them in historic rows where dominant trees with broad crowns and relatively low-lying branches inhibit sunlight and restrict growing space. This option, however, may conflict with the goal to maintain the historic character of the South Park Blocks. In some cases, it would be helpful to simply prune adjacent trees to improve the growing space for new trees to develop good structure.

• In regard to the relatively recently planted trees, young red oaks (Quercus rubra) had the poorest structure because they are fast-growing, shade intolerant, and some have leaf infestation/infection which should be positively identified and treated if necessary (unless these trees are planned for removal).

• The structure of young lindens (Tilia spp.) and beeches (Fagus spp.) are better than the red oaks, but these trees have better growing space compared to where the red oaks have been planted. A few Oregon white oaks (Quercus garryana) near the museum were also doing very well despite some crown asymmetry.

• Note that when in bloom, the hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) near the museum have an off-putting odor.

• The tree succession plan should consider fewer trees to improve growing space, pruning existing trees to improve growing space, and incorporating species that are more tolerant of shade in dense areas where new trees are desired.

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

47

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

Cumberland Apartments

Apartment Building

Jeanne Manor

10TH

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MAIN

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MADISON

Sovereign Hotel

JEFFERSON

Ladd Carriage House

COLUMBIA

CLAY

MARKET

Oregon Historical Society

First Congregational Church

PARK AVE EAST

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Tree Assessment GENERAL MAP FEATURES Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving Building Footprints Street Car Line

VEGETATION Planting Areas Heritage Tree Location Tree Locations and Treatment Recommendations (2019) Retain Remove Optional

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan update 48

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

°

Cultural District - Market to Salmon

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EXHIBIT 19

lines may impact tree roots.

See Exhibit 18: Tree Assessment University District See Exhibit 19: Tree Assessment Cultural District Planting Areas Planting areas in the South Park Blocks include: • Turf Areas • Native and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials • Rose Beds Information on the location of basic irrigation system components for the Cultural District is provided at the end of this section, as well. Similar irrigation information for the University District was not available.

Turf Areas

Each of the South Park Blocks includes turf planting as a groundcover. Currently, PP&R uses a sun and shade grass seed mix comprised of 60 percent perennial rye grass and 40 percent fine and hard fescues. Annual rye grass seed is used in the spring and fall as a turf fill supplement. These combination of seed mixes and applications have proven to provide the best results. Site managers reported that when lawns are reseeded, temporary low-profile fencing comprised of stakes and twine are installed to deter foot traffic and encourage germination.

Maintenance of turf and potential turf alternatives have been identified as a discussion point by stakeholders.

There are noticeable desire line paths through turf areas. As University buildings have been remodeled, new entrances established, and streetcar stations added, paths have developed in response to people wanting to walk the shortest distance between destinations. In these areas, turf has eroded, and bark chips have been applied. Examples of desire paths exist between the south corner of Millar Library and Neuberger Hall and on the south side of the streetcar platform on Mill.

These paths are not considered part of the formal circulation system in the University District.

Native and Ornamental Trees, Shrubs, and Perennials

The presence of native and ornamental trees, shrubs, and perennial planting areas is described below: PSU Building Foundation Planting

Foundation planting in front of PSU buildings within the park taxlots typically are a mix of groundcovers, native and ornamental trees, shrubs, ferns, and perennials. The maturity of the foundation plantings likely dates of major building renovations. Photographs dated c.1964 indicate lack of foundation planting and presence of low evergreen shrubs or turf. A master plan illustrative from c.1970 depicts small trees and turf planted along the foundations of buildings fronting Park Avenue East.48 Foundation planting layout at Shattuck Hall is different from other areas of the University District and features a parterre-style arrangement of square and rectangular mulched beds with native and adapted plants including Oregon grape, ostrich ferns, sword ferns, artichoke, and deciduous trees. The mulched beds are separated by river rock. A photograph dated 1914 show what appears as turf installed in these planting areas.

Park Block Between Mill and Montgomery – Farewell to Orpheus

At an unknown date, but likely in the mid-2000s, mostly native plants were installed in a large sloping triangular planting area north of the Farewell to Orpheus fountain.

Today the condition of the planting area is fair, yet unmaintained. Height and density of the planting at the corner of Montgomery and Park Avenue East presents a sight line obstruction. The planting provides a soft backdrop to the seating at the perimeter of the fountain. The character and scale of this planting area is different from others in the University District.

A photograph dated from c.1990 shows this area had previously been planted with turf.49 Park Block Between Madison and Jefferson - Roosevelt Square

The 1987 redevelopment of the Roosevelt Square block established dual long-axis walkways and dual cross-axis walkways with space in between for planting. All non-turf planting areas at Roosevelt Square are defined by raised 6” concrete

curbs. North of the Roosevelt statue planting areas are a mix of native and ornamental shrubs, perennials, and trees. The southernmost planting area is also a mix of native and ornamental perennials. Friends of South Park Blocks maintains the planting areas on this block and the condition is good.

Park Block Between Main and Madison - Lincoln Square

The 1987 redevelopment of the Lincoln Square block established dual long-axis walkways and dual cross-axis walkways.

The area between the dual long-axis walkways is now a planting area with both native and ornamental shrubs, ferns, and perennials. Observed species include iris, Solomon’s seal, sword fern, hellebores, vine maple, and creeping mahonia.

Lincoln Square planting areas do not have raised curbs. At the edges of the planting areas are a series of large, flat-topped boulders that may be used for seating. Planting areas are protected by a plastic mesh fence installed down the centerline of each bed to discourage people walking through the planting beds. Friends of South Park Blocks maintains the planting areas on this block. The condition of these planting areas is good.

Photographs dated 1949 and 1975 of the park block with the Lincoln statue do not show any planting other than turf grass and deciduous trees.

Square50 show planting areas installed south of the Joseph Shemanski Fountain and along the block perimeter. Plants may have included rhododendrons, other woody deciduous shrubs, deciduous trees, and a grouping of conifers (potentially cedars) located between the fountain and the Masonic Temple.

Today these areas are now planted with turf.

Rose Beds Park Block Between Madison and Jefferson - Roosevelt Square

Immediately east, west, and south of the Roosevelt statue, three raised curb planting areas feature heritage tree roses and rose shrubs. Friends of South Park Blocks maintains the planting areas on this block. The condition of the rose beds is good.

Photographs dated from the 1930s of this park block depict planted and staked tree roses with container plantings of rhododendrons.51 50 Oregon Historical Society Library photograph. See Repeat Photography section.

51 Oregon Historical Society Library photograph. Rhododendrons in the photo all appear to be placed for an event, as containers are

Park Block Between Salmon and Main – Joseph Shemanski Square

There is one large shaded planting area bound by the concrete stage and the retaining wall fronting Salmon. Dated to 1987, this planting area features two large deciduous trees, two small deciduous trees, flowering shrubs, and groundcovers. The condition of the planting area is good with some patchy areas.

Sight lines and visibility into the park from Salmon may be obscured when vegetation is fully leafed out.

Historic photographs dated c.1929 of Joseph Shemanski

48 Yost, Grub and Hall Architecture website http://ygh.com/projects/ planning/portland-state-university-master-plans 49 Yost, Grub and Hall Architecture website http://ygh.com/projects/ planning/portland-state-university-master-plans c1970 master plan drawing of University District showing turf and small trees at building frontages (Campbell Yost and Associates)

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

49

HARRISON

Parkway Apartments

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Existing Conditions: Vegetation GENERAL MAP FEATURES

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VEGETATION Tree Locations (2019)

Building Footprints

Tree Canopy (approximate)

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Turf

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Native and Ornamental Shrubs/Perennials

Reference Image (see opposite page)

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan update 50

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

°

University District - Jackson to Market

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Vegetation

Images: University District Urban Wildlife, Birds and Pollinators

University District Historic Planting CharacterFarewell to Orpheus Fountain (1990)

1

Turf Area at Playground

2

Foundation Planting at Shattuck Hall

3

Historic Beech and Foundation Planting at Millar Librar y

American Goldfinch

University District Historic Planting Character-Building Foundation Planting (1964)

4

Turf Area and Deciduous Tree Canopy

5

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6

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Downy Woodpecker

(University Archives, Portland State University Library, RS16883_ACPC_199_0001)

University District Historic Planting Character- Shattuck Hall Foundation Planting (1914)

Deciduous Trees and Canopy in Brick Tree Wells

University District Planting CharacterTurf and Deciduous Tree Canopy

Native Plants to Support Urban Pollinators

(source unknown) EXHIBIT 21

PARK BLOCKS // plan master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT REPORT Exhibit 22 SOUTH SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES 51

Roosevelt Hotel

Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum

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Cumberland Apartments

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COLUMBIA

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MARKET

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PARK AVE EAST

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Vegetation GENERAL MAP FEATURES

#

VEGETATION !

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Building Footprints

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Turf

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Native and Ornamental Shrubs/Perennials

Reference Image (see opposite page)

Rose Beds

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventor y, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimager y, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan update 52

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

°

Cultural District - Market to Salmon

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Vegetation

Images: Cultural District Urban Wildlife, Birds and Pollinators

Cultural District Historic Planting CharacterShemanski Fountain (c.1929)

1

Turf Areas

2

Rose Beds

3

Native and Ornamental Shrubs/Perennials

Mourning Dove

4

Deciduous Trees and Canopy

5

Cultural District Planting Character

6

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Yellow-Rumped Warbler

(Oregon Historical Society, Oregon Journal, 371N5421)

Cultural District Historic Planting CharacterLincoln Statue (1975) (City of Portland Archives, AP/6302)

Cultural District Historic Planting Character-Rose Shrubs near Portland Art Museum (1959)

Cultural District Planting CharacterTurf and Tree Canopy

Cultural District Planting CharacterTurf, Tree Canopy and Native/Ornamental Planting

Native Plants to Support Urban Pollinators

(City of Portland Archives, A2001-045.966)

EXHIBIT 23

PARK BLOCKS // plan master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT REPORT Exhibit 20 SOUTH SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, AND OPPORTUNITIES 53

Irrigation system map for the Cultural District (Portland Parks & Recreation)

54

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

See Exhibit 20: Vegetation University District See Exhibit 21: Vegetation Images: University District See Exhibit 22: Vegetation Cultural District See Exhibit 23: Vegetation Images Cultural District

Small-scale Features Small-scale features are elements that provide detail and diversity for both functional needs and aesthetic concerns in the landscape.

Small-scale features may include benches, fences, monuments, flagpoles, signs, plaques, utility boxes, culverts, and foot bridges.52 Given the scope and purpose of this Master Plan Update, a limited number of small-scale features were evaluated given their functional role and potential contribution to the character-definition of the South Park Blocks. A comprehensive list of all inventoried small-scale features in the South Park Blocks can be found in Table 2: Summary of Potentially Historic and Potentially Non-Historic Landscape Features for the South Park Blocks.53 Images of all small-scale features are also provided.

See Exhibit 24: Small-scale Features Images: University District See Exhibit 25: Small-scale Features University District See Exhibit 26: Small-scale Features Images: Cultural District See Exhibit 27: Small-scale Features Cultural District Constructed Water Features

fountain and statue have remained in the same location but has been repaired since installation. The fountain includes drinking basins for people and three lower basins designed for dogs. A freestanding black metal panel sign is located north of the fountain and provides information on the Shemanski Fountain design. The installation date of the freestanding sign is unknown. During the 1987 renovation of the Cultural District, there was discussion about relocating the statue to another place on the block, but the idea was ultimately abandoned. In 1987, the base of the fountain may have been replaced.

The condition of the fountain is overall good. There is a leak at the north end of the fountain that leaves water standing on Joseph Shemanski Square.

Farewell to Orpheus Fountain and Plaque (1972-1973)

The Farewell to Orpheus Fountain features the bronze reclining nude female figure of Eurydice set on a square pedestal.

The sculpture was designed Frederic Littman in 1968.55 As part of the South Park Blocks Urban Renewal Development Project in 1972-1973, the sculpture was included in a new fountain design along Montgomery. The fountain has a number of jets that propel water upward around. The fountain perimeter has a low brick seatwall similar in color to other brick finishes found in the University District. Wood slat benches surround the fountain further out. An associated plaque provides information about the sculptor and donors.

The condition of the fountain is good. In 2009, it was repaired with new fountain heads, lights, wiring, and resealing of underwater surfaced.56

Joseph Shemanski Fountain and Rebecca at the Well Statue (1926) with Freestanding Sign

Benson Bubblers (1912)

The Joseph Shemanski Fountain was donated to the city in 1926 by Joseph Shemanski, general manager of the Eastern Outfitting Company. The fountain includes a bronze statue of Rebecca at the Well, designed by Oliver Barrett.54 The

In 1912, Simon Benson, a lumberman in Portland, donated $10,000 for twenty drinking fountains to be located throughout the City of Portland on street corners. His donation was out of concern that loggers coming into town would unnecessarily need to enter saloons to get a drink of water.

swaddled in conifer boughs.

52 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm 53 Note: If a sign, plaque, engraving or similar minor feature is associated with (1) a gathering space listed under Spatial Organization or (2) statue/art/water feature list under Small-scale Features, it is not duplicated separately under Small-scale Features.

54 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 105.

There are two locations in the South Park Blocks where the Benson Bubblers can be found. A four head bubbler on a single bronze column is located along Salmon at the Simon Benson Memorial. Another single head bubbler is located on 55 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 105.

56 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farewell_to_Orpheus

the block between Columbia and Clay. The bubblers are all operational and in good condition.

South Park Blocks Light Poles and Luminaires (1984, 1987) Light poles and luminaires in the Cultural District were replaced during Phase 1 and 2 Redevelopments. The poles and luminaires selected were traditional single luminaire design, fluted column, historic black color.57 They were considered one of the unifying elements of the design for the South Park Blocks. During the 1987 Phase 2 project, it was proposed that each block have lighting installed in the center as well as the outer edges of each block to establish consistent light levels (16 light standards for each block). The existing condition of the Cultural District light poles and luminaires is fair given their age. Electricity theft from 110v outlets found inside some of the fluted bases may explain damaged/missing panels.

Light poles and luminaires in the University District were replaced at some point after the 1971 redesign. Photographs following construction show 1970s-style lights with square poles and sphere luminaires, none of which are existing today.

Existing lighting in the University District reflects what is found in the Cultural District, but the light poles are painted green as opposed to black, and the shape of the base is cylindrical. They are in fair condition.

Cultural District Spotlights (1984, 1987) Spotlights are found at the corners of gathering spaces in the Cultural District were installed to provide night lighting for large statuary and artwork such as Abraham Lincoln, Peace Chant, etc. The condition is good, but the functional condition is unknown.

Park Benches (Cultural District) Park Benches in the Cultural District were described in 1987 design review documentation as “traditional park bench design” with unfinished Alaska yellow cedar slats and a black cast iron support frame.58 Today the park benches are in good condition, with indications of replacement of slats or wholesale replacement. In some location, benches have been removed 57 Miscellaneous Materials notes, 1987, City of Portland Archives and Record Management 58 Miscellaneous Materials notes, 1987, City of Portland Archives and Record Management

from paved park bench alcoves. This may be due to the need to provide companion seating areas (a location where someone using a wheelchair can pull up next to a fixed bench).

Photographs dated 1923-36, 1929, 1949, show continuous rows of park benches installed along turf and walkways.

Photographs dated circa 1950 show the same benches but painted green.

PSU Brick Seatwall Wood Slat Benches (1971) PSU Brick Seatwall Wood Slat Benches are featured in many of the blocks of the University District, with many examples at Smith Plaza/Amphitheater and opposite Cramer, Neuberger, and Shattuck Halls. All examples feature a brick seatwall base with thin, closely set wood slats, with or without a backrest.

The benches were part of the redesign of the University District in 1971. The condition of the benches today is fair to good. Some wood slats are aged and rotting, while others appear recently rebuilt. At Smith Plaza/Amphitheater, most of the bench end slats have been replaced with wood-plastic composite material.

Abraham Lincoln Statue (1928) The Abraham Lincoln statue is on the block between Main and Madison. The statue depicts Lincoln in a familiar contemplative pose. It’s oriented to face north and is installed on an engraved base. The statue was made by artist George Fife Waters and was donated to the city by Dr. Waldo Henry Coe in 1928. Photographs dated 1949 indicate the base is slightly lower today than it was previously. It is in good condition.

Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider Statue and (2) Plaques (1922) The Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider Statue and associated plaques are located on the block between Madison and Jefferson. The statue features Roosevelt in his Spanish American War uniform mounted on horse in a stationary pose.59 The statue is in good condition.

Peace Chant (1984) As part of the 1984 renovation of the Cultural District, Steve Gillman’s Peace Chant sculpture was installed in the park block between Jefferson and Columbia as a peace memorial.

59 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 107.

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HOLON

PARK AVE WEST

PARK AVE EAST

FAREWELL TO ORPHEUS FOUNTAIN

MILL

MARKET

en r tm pa A e BRONZE CLOCK ON PEDESTAL

Parkway Apartments

Simon Benson Residence Residence

Parkmill Apartments

Blackstone Residence Hall

Vu

Peter W Stott Center & Viking Pavilion

ts

Montgomery Residence Hall MONTGO MERY

Park Plaza Apartments

COLLEGE

Millar Library

HARRISON

HALL

10TH AVE

PORTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY SIGN PARK AVE WEST

POLE ON CONCRETE PEDESTAL VANPORT COLLEGE

Native American Student & Community Center

JACKSON

Shattuck Hall

Neuberger Hall

Smith Memorial Student Union

Cramer Hall

Lincoln Hall

Annex

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Small Scale Features GENERAL MAP FEATURES

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Park Block Character Feature

Boulders

Building Footprints

Small-Scale Feature

Fencing

Historic Landmark Buildings

Plaques and Engravings

Bike Parking

Light Pole

Trash Receptacles

Benson Bubbler (four)

Street Car Shelter

Street Car Line VEGETATION Planting Area

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

PSU Brick Seatwall/Bench Wood/Metal Park Bench Brick Tree Well

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS // master plan 56

°

University District - Jackson to Market

0

50

100

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200 FEET

Exhibit 27 EXHIBIT 24

Small-scale Features Images: University District

Benson Bubblers (1912)

Farewell to Orpheus Fountain and Plaque by Frederic Littman (1968)

Concrete Bollards with Internal Lights (PSU) (1971)

Freestanding Round Exposed Aggregate Concrete Planters-PSU (1971)

Trash receptacles (University District)

PSU Brick Seatwall/Bench (1971)

Vanport College Plaque at Lincoln Hall (1948)

Bronze Clock on Pedestal at Mill Street

Brick Tree Wells-PSU (1971)

Pole on Concrete Pedestal at Hall Street

Green Metal Fence at PSU Children’s Playground

Boulders Along East Face of Park Block at PSU Children’s Playground

Bike Racks

Wood/Metal Park Bench

Holon and Plaque

by Don Wilson (1979, 2004)

EXHIBIT 25

PARK BLOCKS // master // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT REPORT Exhibit 26 SOUTHSOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | plan Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES 57

PARK AVE EAST

Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

UTILITY BOX

New Heathman Hotel

MAIN

Sovereign Hotel

MADISON

Oregon Historical Society

Roosevelt Hotel

SHEMANSKI FOUNTAIN

SALMON

CULTURAL DISTRICT THEODORE ROOSEVELT ROUGH RIDER STATUE

JEFFERSON

Ladd Carriage Ladd Carriage Carriage Ladd House House House

COLUMBIA

CLAY

SHEMANSKI PARK AVE WEST FREESTANDING SIGN

LINCOLN PLAQUE

Portland’5 Centers for the Arts

PEACE CHANT SCULPTURES TERENCE O DONNEL MEMORIAL

MARKET

ABRAHAM LINCOLN STATUE

GARRY OAK ENGRAVING & PLAQUE

PEACE PLAZA PLAQUE

IN THE SHADOW OF THE ELM

Masonic Temple

Portland Art Museum GREAT PLANK ROAD

First First Congretional Congregational Congregational Church Church Church

JUNIOR LEAGUE VOLUNTEERS

OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING

St. James Lutheran Church

Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist

Cumberland Apartments

Apartment Building

Jeanne Manor

10TH

BROADWAY

Existing Conditions: Small-Scale Features GENERAL MAP FEATURES

PARK BLOCK FEATURES

Sidewalks/Pedestrian Paving

Park Block Character Feature

Seatwall/Raised Planter

Building Footprints

Small-Scale Feature

Fencing

Historic Landmark Buildings

Plaques and Engravings

Trash Receptacles

Street Car Line

Light Pole

Portland Loo Bathroom

Benson Bubbler (single)

Street Car Shelter

VEGETATION Planting Areas

Source: PortlandMaps Open Data, COP GIS, 2019 MHA Tree Inventory, 2019 MIG Fieldwork and Site Documentation, ESRI orthoimagery, South_Park_Blocks_Base.dwg

Benson Bubbler (four) Benches

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Cultural District - Market to Salmon

0

50

100

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200 FEET

Exhibit 25 EXHIBIT 26

Small-scale Features Images: Cultural District

Oklahoma City Bombing Plaque (1995)

Peace Chant by Steven Gillman (1984)

South Park Blocks Light Poles and Luminaries (1984, 1987)

Garr y Oak Engraving and Plaque (2001)

Cultural District Engraving (1999)

Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider Statue and (2) Plaques,

by A. Phimster Proctor (1922)

Planter Fencing (Cultural District)

Joseph Shemanski Fountain and Freestanding Sign by Carl Linde (1926)

Benson Bubblers (1912)

Trash receptacles (Cultural District) and Park Benches (Cultural District)

Junior League of Portland Plaque (1985)

Terence O’Donnell Memorial Engraving (2001)

Great Plank Road Plaque (1960)

Abraham Lincoln Statue by George Fife Waters (1928)

Utility Box at Park Ave East/Lincoln Square

EXHIBIT 27

PARK BLOCKS // master plan // EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT REPORT Exhibit 24 SOUTHSOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES 59

Views and Vistas University District

60

North-South View at Millar Librar y

East-West View Through Pedestrian Walkway to Broadway

North-South View Through Park Block Between Market and Mill Looking South

View of Smith Benson Residence at PSU Campus

View along Diagonal Walkway Under Tree Canopy in Smith Plaza/Amphitheater

View from I-405 Overpass to South Park Blocks PSU Children’s Playground

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Exhibit 29 EXHIBIT 28

Brick Tree Wells (1971)

Vanport College Plaque at Lincoln Hall (1948)

The condition of the Peace Chant sculpture is good although there is some damage to the edge of the horizontal set granite pillars, perhaps from skateboard use.

Both at-grade and raised brick tree wells are found in the University District and are original to the 1971 redesign.

The largest set of tree wells is found in the Smith Plaza/ Amphitheater where at least a dozen, most with mature shade trees, are spaced at regular intervals. An at-grade tree well location is along College on the south end of the block fronting Shattuck Hall. The tree wells are in good condition.

The Vanport College Plaque is located in a foundation planting area in front of Lincoln Hall. The plaque is affixed vertically to a square shaped, brown boulder and commemorates the establishment of schools aiming to train/educate soldiers returning from World War II. The plaque was presented to the school by a member of Delta Tau RHO. The condition of the plaque is good.

Holon and Plaque (1979, 2004)

Great Plank Road Plaque (1960)

Views and Vistas

The Holon sculpture by Don Wilson and plaque are located on the park block between Harrison and Hall. It was first installed in 1979 but was destroyed by an act of vandalism in 2001. In 2004, a new Holon was created by the same artist, this time made of granite instead of limestone60 and sits on a brick base with a small plaque. The sculpture is in good condition.

The Great Plank Road Plaque is located at Roosevelt Square along its longitudinal walkway that terminates at Jefferson.

Donated by the Lang Syne Society, the plaque is affixed to a boulder base and installed in one of the park bench alcoves.

The Great Plank Road (today’s Jefferson Street) connected downtown Portland to the farms of Tualatin Valley thereby establishing a route to bring produce into Portland for trade.

The condition of the plaque is fair given graffiti on the boulder base and missing asphalt pavers on the east side.

Views are the expansive or panoramic prospects of a broad range of vision which may be naturally occurring or deliberate. Vistas are the controlled prospect of a discrete, linear range of vision. Views and vistas can be defined by the composition of other landscape characteristics, such as a lookout structure or a view framed by vegetation.61

The sculpture features three pillars of white granite, one set vertically and two set horizontally in the plaza. The horizontally set pillars provide seating or leaning space for people. The way the granite is set within the plaza does not disrupt northsouth pedestrian circulation flow.

Concrete Bollards with Internal Lights (1971) These concrete bollards are located in a few locations in the University District. There are several at the Smith Plaza/ Amphitheater. The bollards measure approximately two feet wide and three feet tall and are comprised of two pieces: a cut out/scored cylinder base, and a shorter solid cylinder top.

The aesthetic of the bollards is brutalistic and functional. It is unknown whether the bollard lighting is functional. The condition is good aside from the lighting issue.

Freestanding Round Exposed Aggregate Concrete Planters (PSU) (1971) A series of freestanding round exposed aggregate concrete planters is located along east-west pedestrian walkways, near bench seating, and near building entrances in the University District. In some locations, the planters act as oversize bollards.

They measure approximately 2 feet tall by 3-4 feet wide and are planted with a variety of perennials. It is unknown whether the planters are original to the 1971 redesign of the University District. The condition of the planters is good.

60 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History.

Donald Nelson, 1st ed. 2008, page 110.

design of the blocks at any position works to reinforce the dominance of a single feature like a bronze statue.

Vistas to Landmark and Other Buildings Several historic landmark and other buildings that line the South Park Blocks have distinctive frontages and architectural details that have records of being photographed over time.

These buildings include: • Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall • Arlington Club • Masonic Temple • Portland Art Museum • First Congregational Church • Sixth Church of Christ, Scientist • St. James Lutheran Church

In the South Park Blocks, vistas provide character-defining experience of the South Park Blocks. They are composed by the combination of features such as topography, art/statue focal points, enclosure of tree canopy, vertical and linear arrangement of trees, gathering spaces, and cross-block views to landmark buildings that line the park.

Longitudinal North-South Vistas Along the Park In the Cultural District, longitudinal north-south vistas framed by mature tree canopy provide a sense of refuge from the park’s busy urban setting. Up to five linear rows of trees and dual walkways converge in one’s visual field with the park’s topography to create an endless horizon that also encourages linear movement through the park.

Longitudinal vistas from the University District also provide a similar experience, but in this part of the park, walkway layout does not reinforce linear movement and some planting areas may obscure trees. These vistas are accessible from gathering spaces near the centers of each block.

Vistas to Statue, Art, or Other Focal Point Several historic photos exist showing vistas to some of the earliest placed statuary in the park, including Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider and Abraham Lincoln. There is no one “signature” or “historic” vista as might be assumed from the historic photos. Rather, they are representative of how the 61 https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm

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Views and Vistas Cultural District

62

North-South View Through Park Block Gathering Space In the Shadow of the Elm

Roosevelt Rough Rider Statue and Portland Art Museum

Joseph Shemanski Square and the Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall

North-South View Along a Pedestrian Walkway

View of Lincoln Statue and the Historic First Congregational Church

View through Tree Canopy to Mural on the Roosevelt Hotel Historic Landmark Building

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Exhibit 28 EXHIBIT 29

• Lincoln Hall

Table 4: Park Uses, Functions, and Programming

• Millar Library

Daily Uses

Weekly Uses

Seasonal Uses

Occasional Uses

• Shattuck Hall

School field trips

Farmers Market (Saturdays)

Outdoor classroom

Daycare walks

Volunteer maintenance and gardening (Friends of South Park Blocks)

Farmers Market at Joseph Shemanski Square (Wednesdays)

See Exhibit 28: Views and Vistas University District See Exhibit 29: Views and Vistas Cultural District

Dog walking Strolling/exercise Picnicking

Park Uses, Functions, and Programming There is a wide variety of daily uses that overlay with weekly, seasonal, and occasional uses at the South Park Blocks. Some uses present conflicts between known user groups and have been identified as such by site managers. One example is walks daycare providers take with children in the park and interactions with scooters, skateboarders, dogs, and the houseless community.

Portland Parks & Recreation Maintenance

Spillover events from Portand5, Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall, Oregon Historical Society Protests Concerts

Socializing

Community events

Studying

Sunday Parkways

Vending Photography Biking/scooting/ skateboarding

• The Portland Farmers Market is a weekly, year-round event that occurs between College and Montgomery. Vendor tents line the pathways on both sides of the park. The event is very popular and crowded, effectively reducing the shareduse pathways to pedestrian-only use during this time.

• Farmers Market at Shemanski Square is a weekly, seasonal event that occurs on Shemanski Plaza between Salmon and Main. Adjacent right-of-way is used for loading and vendor tents are set up in the park, and Main Street is closed for food vendors and seating.

• Main is sometimes closed to vehicular traffic during events at the adjacent Portland5 venues. Although there is a major entrance to the Schnitzer Concert Hall at Park Avenue East

Top: Saturday Farmers Market cut flower vendor (MIG) Bottom: Studying along walkways in the University District (MIG)

Top: Students gather in front of the Abraham Lincoln statue in the Cultural District (MIG) Bottom: Friends of South Park Blocks volunteer supplies and equipment (MIG)

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Portland Loo and Peace Plaza (MIG)

64

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

IV. ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES Looking south toward Peace Plaza at Jefferson (MIG)

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and Main, Park Avenue East remains open. Entrances into Joseph Shemanski Park do not align with this corner, so the park is not easily activated during events at this venue.

• Development of the Rothko Pavilion displaces a plaza area previously used by the Portland Art Museum for outdoor events. The museum may be interested in programming these events at Roosevelt Square.

IV. ISSUES AND OPPORTUNITIES Issues and opportunities for the South Park Blocks are presented under the following five subheadings: 1. Layers of History and Change Over Time

Blocks provide a partial understanding of its evolution as a linear urban open space in downtown Portland. As noted earlier, limited research was included in the scope for the current Master Plan Update effort. As a result, the park’s period of significance – which is needed for the park to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places – remains a discussion and investigation point moving forward. However, as a rough guide, the planning and design team has targeted 1852-1970 as a potential period of significance.

The following design features of the South Park Blocks have figured prominently through the park’s existence and express the park’s original design intent:

3. Increase in Density and Use, and Change in Types of Use

• Spatial organization of a series of linked gathering spaces with focal points such as Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Rider, Abraham Lincoln, and the Joseph Shemanski Fountain/Rebecca at the Well statue.

4. Connections Between Blocks and Between Park and Neighborhood

• Linear arrangement of deciduous shade trees that provide enclosure, shade, verticality, and seasonal color.

5. Transportation Within and Around the Park

• Promenade-style circulation features that facilitate movement through the park with the primary routes being oriented north-south and secondary cross routes oriented eastwest, and diagonally in some instances.

2. Vegetation Character and Ecological Function / Tree Succession Planning

Layers of History and Change Over Time

HISTORIC AND EXISTING BLOCK CIRCULATION LAYOUT

Significant changes over time have been made to the park’s circulation, planting, furnishings, and design details. What can be done to ensure that the existing historic features are preserved?

• Use of planting beds and turf areas to reinforce linear movement through the space and highlight focal points.

The history of the South Park Blocks should be understood within a wider historical context that includes settlement of the Lower Willamette River,f expulsion of resident tribes from the area today known as the City of Portland, and discriminatory practices that followed. These aspects of the park’s history are certainly less understood or embodied in the features in the park today but will generate community interest as opportunities are articulated moving forward. It is important to acknowledge that this context is relevant to the entire Portland parks system and should be understood as an overlay rather than a site-specific aspect to be remedied through future design and planning. The information we have about the character of the landscape and its residents before arrival of white settlers is scant, much of it relying on documents produced by early French, British, and American people exploring the region which comes with their perspective bias.

ERAS OF CONTEMPORARY CHANGE IN THE SOUTH PARK BLOCKS

FUTURE?

There are opportunities to protect and highlight these resources in the Master Plan Update, and guide new development to be

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compatible, yet distinct from what is historic. The purpose of this approach is to preserve the historic character of the South Park Blocks, to not present a false sense of history by blurring the lines between new and old, and to ensure aesthetic and functional compatibility in the park. The original design intent of the South Park Blocks should be a recognizable characteristic as the future park is planned and designed.

• Removal and replacement of existing infrastructure • One tree identified as dangerous (#446) • A lack of maintenance pruning and proactive management • Replacement trees with inadequate growing space • Replacement tree standards and species selection • The need for tree risk assessment including aerial inspections and internal decay diagnostics for 17 trees • Unknown condition of the irrigation system

Vegetation Character and Ecological Function / Tree Succession Planning Mature shade trees are one of the most important character-defining features of the South Park Blocks, but they are reaching the end of their expected lifespans. How can we plan for the future regeneration of trees in the South Park Blocks given existing tree health, time required for young trees to mature, climate change considerations, and limited solar exposure available for replacement trees?

Immediate recommendations62 (act now): • Tree #446 may be removed by Urban Forestry prior to finalizing the Master Plan Update.

• Aerial and advanced assessments are recommended for 17 trees as soon as possible to help inform the Master Plan Update.

• Pruning recommendations will be refined in collaboration with Urban Forestry.

Based on the tree assessment and inventory, issues include:

• Additional information is needed regarding the irrigation system, including the location (University District), existing condition of all irrigation lines, and watering schedule.

• Mown turf in tree dripline areas resulting in damaged surface roots

The Master Plan Update provides opportunities for strategic

• Compacted soils

62 Note: Recommendations for South Park Blocks tree succession planning come from an urban forestry perspective. All treatment recommendations for the Master Plan Update will be balanced with the trees’ historic design character and cultural significance.

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68

and proactive tree management and succession planting: • Create grass-free mulched rings around trees surrounded by turf to prevent lawn mower damage to surface roots and improve growing space free from turf-grass competition.

• Prescribe pruning treatments including a thorough initial pruning and regular periodic inspections (i.e., once every five years and following large storm events) and maintenance pruning thereafter. When new trees are installed, plan for young tree structural pruning within five years.

• Reconsider the 1:1 tree replacement standard so that new trees are planted where growing space is adequate for trees to develop sound structure and become long-term site amenities that will remain even after adjacent dominant trees decline and are removed over time. Where replacement trees are installed, consider strategies such as using twice the historic spacing distance to provide the best available growing space rather than retaining all historic tree locations.63 Plan to prune the crown of dominant trees with low-lying branches that will restrict sunlight and impeded growing space for new trees. Where growing space is determined to be insufficient, investigate ability to waive the replacement requirement or potentially plant trees in another Portland park location where there is a greater need for additional trees.64 63 Treatment approaches that modify tree planting locations so they are no longer in rows may be typical for non-historic urban forests or parks. However, for the South Park Blocks, the five rows of trees are a character-defining feature and this aspect of the design needs to be balanced with contemporary urban forestry best practices.

64 Further investigation in coordination with Urban Forestry is need-

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• Develop a diverse list of desirable replacement tree species categorized by stature, mature height and spread and shade tolerance to inform replacement tree selection by location and site conditions. Consider including a few broadleaved evergreen species that have not historically been planted in the South Park Blocks but would increase species diversity and provide benefits of year-round canopy foliage and increased stormwater interception, as well as windbreaks if planted strategically. Use of conifers in the South Park Blocks is not recommended given potential for sight line obstructions, as well as considering they were not used historically to any significant extent.

• Where existing infrastructure will be removed and replaced or new surfacing is proposed beneath existing tree driplines, limit proposed disturbance to existing disturbed areas, look ed to determine feasibility of waiving in-situ replacement standards and proposing replacement trees to be planted at other park locations.

for opportunities to locate new infrastructure further from existing trees to improve growing space and avoid root zone excavation where feasible. Also, consider hardscape alternatives beneath tree driplines. For example, soft surface secondary paths may be constructed at existing grade with no root zone excavation using wood chips or decomposed granite. Where hard surfacing is required, flexible porous paving could be used in lieu of concrete or asphalt; consider alternative surfacing materials that are permeable and less susceptible to root damage, while still offering ADA accessible properties.

Increase in Density and Use, and Change in Types of Use The South Park Blocks have been impacted by increased density in the neighborhood and changes in use over the years which bring challenges that need to be addressed.

How should challenges and opportunities in the South Park Blocks be addressed as they relate to desired programming intensity, preferred locations, priority uses, user conflicts, and maintenance considerations?

Challenges Changes in urban form adjacent to the park and relationship of buildings and entrances to park • More high-density residential buildings in the neighborhood than have existing historically and more park users as a result

pacts they bring • Houseless community members that congregate on certain park blocks for extended periods of time • Public intoxication and drug use • Growth of PSU, subsequent changes in events and programming, and growth of food cart presence • Balancing public desire for more park activation with staff capacity and cost/benefit understanding of a selected activation on other parks and operations Opportunities Design opportunities that respond to challenges outlined above should be considered along with the original design intent of the South Park Blocks. Possible opportunities include: • Enhance the identity of the connected 12-block park with distinct, coordinated signage to facilitate public recognition of the park space. Identify and interpret focal points on each block. Remove clutter and consolidate duplicate signage.

• Allow design to respond to the revitalization of the Cultural District as well as PSU’s aspirations and sense of place in downtown Portland.

• Provide connections from existing and new building entrances to, across, and through the park blocks.

• Address practical design needs (electricity, lighting, curb

• More dogs living near the South Park Blocks and the im-

Top: Salmon Street bus stop at Simon Benson Memorial (MIG)

Top: Houseless community member sleeping on turf (MIG)

Center: Wednesday Portland Farmers Market at Joseph Shemanski Square (MIG)

Center: Saturday Portland Farmers Market at PSU (MIG)

Bottom: Food cart in the University District along Montgomery (MIG)

Bottom: Dogs both on leash and off leash using the South Park Blocks (MIG)

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cuts) for hosting additional events in locations where the most unmet need is already demonstrated.

• Large existing student, worker, and resident population is a built-in user base for new programming or activities the South Park Blocks.

• Ensure the right of and safety for all who desire to use the South Park Blocks as it is designed – a public, linear open space in the heart of downtown Portland’s cultural and educational institutions.

Connections Between Blocks and Between Park and Neighborhood What are the best ways to improve pedestrian crossings, regulate vehicle speeds, and enhance transit boarding areas in the South Park Blocks? The South Park Blocks Master Plan Update presents an opportunity to re-think the controls of the intersections along the park blocks where existing priority is given to motorists traveling east-west.

Crossings • Issue: North-south street crossings are difficult because priority is given to vehicles traveling east-west and the ability to cross safely is entirely dependent on drivers yielding.

Current crossing conditions prevent the Park Avenue couplet from functioning as a Major City Bikeway.

- Opportunity: Improve crossings to give pedestrians and bicyclists priority. This would make it easier for pedestrians and bikes to move through the park blocks and would improve access to transit as a result.

• Issue: Street crossings can be especially difficult at night, under low-lighting conditions.

- Opportunity: Provide street lighting to improve visibility of bicyclists and pedestrians.

• Issue: The intersection of SW Park Ave and SW Market St has had the most traffic injuries of any intersection in the study area.

- Opportunity: Advance yield lines, use of high-visibility crosswalk markings at all crossing locations, improved lighting, and pedestrian yield signs can be used to enhance the safety of existing crossings.

Vacated Streets • Issue: Over time, various streets adjacent to Park Blocks have been vacated or have limited vehicular traffic to favor needs of pedestrians. There may be future plans to vacate more streets that connect to the park blocks.

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- Opportunity: Buildings that connect to the park blocks along vacated rights-of-way can be designed so they better interact with the South Park Blocks, including features such as building entry locations, window transparency, design details, bike parking, artwork, seating areas, planting, and tree placement. This unique street typology may require further exploration in the Master Plan Update to ensure compatibility with other park features.

The Green Loop is not merely a connection between places, but it is a series of places itself (see Figure 4). It leverages opportunities in the right-of-way, existing open space and building setbacks to create a high-quality destination that expresses the character of each district and unites Portland’s Central City.

Green Loop and the South Park Blocks

Transportation Within and Around the Park The Green Loop In the Green Loop Concept Report completed by the Bureau of Planning and Sustainability Urban Design Studio in 2016, the Green Loop is defined as a 6-mile linear park that invites residents, employees and visitors to experience Portland’s Center City in an entirely new way (see Figure 3). The Concept Report outlines the key objectives and design principles for the Green Loop: Key Objectives: • Improve Health • Connect & Create Parks • Support Businesses • Increase Pathways • Encourage Walking & Biking • Grow and Build Green Design Principles: • Building Orientation

How can the Green Loop be designed to ensure compatibility with the park’s character and uses?

The Green Loop concept takes its inspiration in part from the South Park Blocks: their distinct historic character, mature canopy, and emphasis on pedestrian space. The Green Loop is intended to connect the North and South Park Blocks together, along with the midtown blocks (Director Park, O’Bryant Square, and Ankeny Square) and the future open spaces of the Broadway Corridor. The Green Loop will help provide a strong, intuitive link, inviting people to experience the great open spaces of Portland’s Downtown.

The Green Loop is intended to be multi-modal, accommodating people who walk, jog, bike, and scoot. For cyclists, the Green Loop is intended to provide a safe, slower-paced space for “interested but concerned” cyclists. Although the South Park Blocks contains a network of pathways, they are not currently designed to accommodate all modes of the Green Loop.

This Existing Conditions, Issues, and Opportunities Report documents the urban design conditions along two possible

• Multi-use Path • Physical Separation • Connected Canopy • Branding/Identity • Unique Street Furnishings

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

71

Green Loop alignments along the South Park Blocks, Park Avenue East or West. At the north end of the South Park Blocks, the Green Loop is planned to be on 9th Avenue (Park Avenue West), consistent with the current planned development at Block 216. At the south end of the South Park Blocks, the Green Loop alignment is anticipated to follow College eastward.

Green Loop Alignment Considerations

• From an urban design perspective, conditions along both sides of the South Park Blocks are relatively similar. Both sides Park Avenue have active building uses and interfaces and similar street conditions.

• Park Avenue West may be slightly preferred for the alignment for the following reasons: - Consistency with the planned implementation of the Green Loop at Block 216.

- Entrance into Joseph Shemanski Square at Salmon and Park Avenue West is at-grade, whereas the one at Park Avenue East is grade separated with stairs.

Planning & Sustainability have shown that the Portland Art Museum has expressed a strong interest in having the Green Loop alignment on Park Avenue West.

- Similar outreach has revealed that Portland 5 actively uses the Park Avenue right-of-way adjacent to the Schnitzer Concert Hall for bus parking and loading and has expressed concern for the Green Loop alignment on that side.

• The Green Loop may also consider having elements on both sides of the Park, utilizing both Park Avenue East and West rights-of-way.

• There is an opportunity for the space to be conducive to additional programming (in addition to the Portland Farmers Market) to make it a more dynamic space.

• Planning for Green Loop facilities in the South Park Blocks will require coordination with Bureau of Environmental Services (BES) for buffering of sewer infrastructure assets65 65 BES assets in the South Park Blocks area include sanitary-only,

- Right-of-way extends further south to Montgomery on Park Avenue West. It extends only to Market on Park Avenue East, where it transitions to a shared use path on PSU’s campus. A Park Avenue West alignment would overlap with PSU campus pedestrian circulation for only three blocks compared to five.

• The Green Loop alignment may take into consideration other non-physical factors, such as willing adjacent stakeholders and near-term opportunities for collaboration.

- For example, previous outreach efforts by the Bureau of

and stormwater management planning. Changes to paved or other impervious surfaces that expose 500 square feet or more of gravel, aggregate, or soil and repaving will trigger requirements set forth in the Stormwater Management Manual.66 Parking How do you prioritize parking needs of disabled visitors, residents, and for critical operations of adjacent institutions?

• Issue: Existing parking for privately owned vehicles (POVs) along the South Park Blocks is highly utilized.

• Issue: There are a very limited number (five) of disabled parking spaces in the area. These spaces serve a critical need and should be preserved. They are currently located near major destinations (e.g., Portland Art Museum, Portland5) and residential buildings.

- Opportunity: Some of the existing parking on Park Avenue East could be converted to ADA parking since all of the current ADA parking is on Park Ave West.”

Streetcar How do you optimize transit to reduce the overall need for parking in the South Park Blocks?

• Issue: The intersections of Park Ave, Mill and Market are particularly complicated due to the presence of vehicles and the streetcar stop. Many pedestrians may be tempted to run across the street to catch the streetcar, even if conditions are not safe to cross.

- Opportunity: Portland Streetcar is considering all door boarding at the streetcar stops.

ALIGNMENT CONCEPTS FOR GREEN LOOP IN THE SOUTH PARK BLOCKS

storm-only, and combined sewers. Most are located along the street grid. Sewers generally need a 15’ buffer for ongoing maintenance.

Point data is available for BES assets.

66 Refer to Section 1.2.1 of the Stormwater Management Manual https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bes/64040 72

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

APPENDICES SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

73

Appendix A: Tree Inventory Summary Table (Morgan Holen & Associates) MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan – Tree Data 5-17-19.xlsx

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 1 of 13

3 American elm 4 littleleaf linden 5 littleleaf linden

Ulmus americana Tilia cordata Tilia cordata

37.0 10.5 14.0

63 Viable 20 Viable 22 Viable

Good Good Good

Structure5 Comments Good Moderate Codominant leaders, leans south, some crown asymmetry Large diameter pruning stubs over street look well done, another nice elm Good Moderate Leans E Moderate Mostly one‐sided to E

6 littleleaf linden 7 littleleaf linden

Tilia cordata Tilia cordata

16.0 14.5

28 Viable 22 Viable

Good Excellent

Moderate Good

No. Common Name 1 littleleaf linden 2 sugar maple

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Species Name Tilia cordata Acer saccharum

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 14.5 16 Viable Excellent 10.0 19 Viable Good

American elm red oak sugar maple red oak American elm elm red oak

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Acer saccharum Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubra

46.0 19.0 4.0 18.0 38.5 7.0 5.0

57 36 11 38 32 14 11

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Fair Good Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good Moderate Moderate Moderate Good

15 American elm 16 red oak

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra

30.5 23.0

40 Viable 50 Viable

Good Good

Moderate Poor

17 18 19 20 21 22

American elm Oregon white oak Oregon white oak littleleaf linden American elm American beech

Ulmus americana Quercus garryana Quercus garryana Tilia cordata Ulmus americana Fagus grandifolia

35.5 8.5 11.0 8.5 41.0 8.0

43 12 13 15 43 22

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Excellent Excellent Good Good Good

Moderate Good Good Good Moderate Moderate

23 24 25 26 27 28

American elm red oak American elm London planetree red oak elm

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Platanus x acerifolia Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

25.5 6.0 29.5 40.0 9.5 7.5

45 12 43 45 20 17

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Fair Fair Fair Fair Good

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Good

29 30 31 32

sugar maple red oak littleleaf linden Lavalle hawthorn

Acer saccharum Quercus rubra Tilia cordata Crataegus x lavallei

8.0 2.0 15.5 15.5

22 7 16 20

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Excellent Excellent

Poor Moderate Good Good

Other6

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Trunk wound NE and SW face ~5' ‐ may warrant advance assessment

Retain Retain

History of major scaffold branch failures, large open wound NE face at juncture of remaining leaders, hollows in branches higher up ‐ warrants aerial assessment Infrastructure Small dead branches Infrastructure One‐sided with lean NE, small dead branches Advanced assessment ‐ basal hollow with decay W face Very one‐sided to E

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Previous scaffold branch failure at 24' S side at juncture of remaining leaders, warrants aerial 26‐degree lean E, branches extend over street to building Trunk wound SW face 0‐4', other trunk wounds and hollows in scaffold branches at previous failures, warrants aerial Crown asymmetry, small dead branches Some crown asymmetry, small dead branches

Surrounded by infrastructure Infrastructure

Yes

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional Optional Retain Retain Optional

Infrastructure

Codominant leaders, one‐sided to SW, epicormics Infrastructure Could prune adjacent elm to W to improve growing space Prune to improve growing space for beech to E and to reduce crown weight over road N, leans N, mostly one‐sided, large scaffold branches over street Dead and decaying branches Twig dieback, moderate vigor One‐sided to W, inadequate overhead growing space Small dead and broken branches Codominant leaders, hollow with trunk decay 0.5‐6' SW face, surface roots and root damage

Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Yes Yes

Yes

Retain Optional Retain Retain Optional Retain Remove Retain Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

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APPENDIX A

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 2 of 13 No. Common Name 33 Lavalle hawthorn 34 littleleaf linden

Species Name Crataegus x lavallei Tilia cordata

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 12.5 18 Viable Excellent 10.5 21 Viable Good

Structure5 Good Good

Other6

Comments

35 American elm

Ulmus americana

40.0

39 Viable

Good

Moderate

History of scaffold branch failure, numerous epicormics limit VTA

36 37 38 39

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubra

38.0 32.0 2.5 18.0

57 34 8 35

Good Good Good Fair

Good Moderate Good Moderate

Small dead branches, epicormics, probably the best elm inventoried Multiple leaders, small dead branches Needs young tree structural pruning Dead branches, high live crown, poor branch distribution

40 red oak 41 European beech

Quercus rubra Fagus sylvatica

21.0 7.0

43 Viable 15 Viable

Fair Excellent

Moderate Good

42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Crataegus x lavallei Quercus garryana Crataegus x lavallei Zelkova serrata Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana

38.0 12.0 3.0 10.5 6.0 17.5 6.5 12.0 15.5 6.5 2.5 24.0

49 18 9 30 18 27 13 15 24 20 7 23

Good Fair Good Good Good Good Good Excellent Good Good Good Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Good Moderate Moderate Good Moderate

10 Viable

Fair

Moderate

American elm American elm elm red oak

American elm red oak elm red oak elm elm Lavalle hawthorn Oregon white oak Lavalle hawthorn Japanese zelkova elm American elm

4.0

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Retain Yes

Retain

Infrastructure

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Optional

Natural lean S, small dead branches, some leaf infection/infestation

Infrastructure

Yes

Tremendous crown weight over street, small dead branches, old wound from codominant stem failure S face Forked leaders

Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Yes

Infrastructure

Yes Yes

Retain Optional Retain Optional Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Mostly one‐sided to E, lean with crown weight to street Mostly one‐sided to E, lean with crown weight over street One‐sided to S, numerous epicormics limit VTA Some asymmetry, small dead branches Leans E One‐sided with lean E Needs young tree structural pruning Small dead and broken branches, trunk wound S face 0‐2' Trunk wound SW face 0‐5', fencing zip tied tight to trunk, inadequate overhead growing space

54 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

sugar maple American elm red oak red oak elm Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova American elm

Acer saccharum Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Ulmus americana

3.0 30.5 11.0 4.5 8.0 5.0 3.5 41.5

7 50 21 15 17 15 11 38

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Fair Fair Fair Good Fair Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Good Moderate Moderate

One‐sided crown, small dead branches, trunk wound N face at ~5' Numerous large pruning wounds

Infrastructure

Some infection or infestation, leaf miners?

Trunk wound 0‐3', small dead branches, branch dieback

Infrastructure

Yes

Yes

63 64 65 66

American elm sugar maple American elm American elm

Ulmus americana Acer saccharum Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

32.5 39.0 18.0 7.0

39 38 41 25

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Good

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Codominant leaders

Infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure

Small dead branches Codominant leaders, one‐sided to N

Lamp post

Below dominant elm canopy Dead and broken branches, epicormics

Remove

Yes

Optional Retain Optional Optional Optional Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

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APPENDIX A

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75

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 3 of 13 No.

Common Name

Species Name

67 elm

Ulmus spp.

68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubra Acer saccharum Ulmus americana

American elm red oak red oak elm elm red oak sugar maple American elm

76 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

77 American elm

DBH1

4.5 15.5 5.5 8.5 3.0 5.0 9.5 39.0 43.0

C‐Rad2

Condition3

Health4

Structure5

12 Viable

Good

Moderate

28 24 17 12 13 22 46 49

Fair Fair Good Excellent Good Good Good Good

Moderate Poor Moderate Good Good Moderate Moderate Moderate

Small dead branches Inadequate growing space Below dominant canopy

Some asymmetry, restricted growing space beneath dominate red oak Numerous epicormics limit VTA, history of scaffold branch failure, consider aerial History of codominant leader failure, hollow with decay seam on S face, consider advanced assessment, prune to reduce excessive crown weight over street One‐sided to E with excessive crown weight over street Reduced vigor, consider root invigoration Trunk wound at 0‐10' NW face with hollow on top, trunk swelling, may be decay in plane of lean ‐ consider advanced assessment Previous scaffold branch failure on S side with large open wound, numerous epicormics Consider cable/brace for codominant leader

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

5.5

15 Viable

Good

Moderate

Ulmus americana

36.5

56 Viable

Good

Moderate

78 American elm 79 American elm 80 Japanese zelkova

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Zelkova serrata

42.0 38.5 9.0

53 Viable 53 Viable 20 Viable

Good Good Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate

81 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

21.5

31 Viable

Good

Moderate

82 83 85 86 87 88 89 90 91

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Crataegus x lavallei Quercus garryana Acer saccharum Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

33.5 29.0 15.0 9.5 19.5 28.0 5.0 24.5 2.0

57 31 20 15 24 63 11 22 7

Good Fair Good Excellent Good Good Good Fair Good

Moderate Moderate Good Good Moderate Moderate Good Moderate Good

92 American elm

Ulmus americana

39.5

53 Viable

Good

93 94 95 96

Ulmus americana Acer saccharum Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

38.5 8.0 31.0 33.5

37 21 35 43

Good Good Good Fair

American elm American elm Lavalle hawthorn Oregon white oak sugar maple American elm red oak American elm elm

American elm sugar maple American elm American elm

Comments Beneath crown of dominant elm, should have been planted south a bit; planting small trees in line with large trees doesn't provide sufficient growing space unless adjacent trees are pruned for overhead clearance and sunlight

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Mostly one‐sided to W Multiple leaders, upright crown Multiple leaders, numerous epicormics limit VTA

Other6

Surrounded by infrastructure

Prune7 Treatment8

Optional Yes

Infrastructure

Retain Remove Optional Retain Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Yes

Retain

Infrastructure

Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Retain

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Dead and broken branches Needs young tree structural pruning

Yes Yes

Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Moderate

History of large branch failure, warrants aerial assessment and pruning Infrastructure

Yes

Retain

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Codominant leaders, leans in direction of crown weight to the street One‐sided to W Codominant leaders Trunk hollow E face, old wound S face

Some asymmetry, small dead branches Leans S Scaffold branches over street

Infrastructure

Retain Optional Retain Retain

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MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 4 of 13 No. Common Name 97 Japanese zelkova 98 red oak 99 sugar maple

Species Name Zelkova serrata Quercus rubra Acer saccharum

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 5.0 13 Viable Fair 11.0 30 Viable Fair 9.5 24 Viable Good

Structure5 Comments Moderate One‐sided to W, beneath dominant canopy Very poor structure, some dieback Poor Good

100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109

American elm red oak elm elm elm red oak red oak American elm elm American elm

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana

33.0 25.5 13.0 12.0 10.0 11.0 28.0 26.0 4.0 40.5

42 42 20 25 25 42 44 39 13 46

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Fair Good Fair Fair Good Good Fair Good

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117

American elm elm elm American elm American elm American elm elm Japanese zelkova

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Zelkova serrata

32.5 2.0 3.5 32.5 42.0 33.5 3.5 5.0

48 5 10 39 56 42 6 18

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Good Good Good Fair Good

Moderate Good Good Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Good

118 American elm 119 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

34.0 22.5

42 Viable 33 Viable

Good Fair

Moderate Moderate

120 American elm 121 sugar maple

Ulmus americana Acer saccharum

20.5 32.5

45 Viable 34 Viable

Fair Good

Moderate Moderate

122 American elm 123 red oak

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra

13.5 8.0

30 Viable 14 Viable

Fair Fair

Poor Good

124 American elm

Ulmus americana

43.5

36 Viable

Good

Moderate

125 126 127 128 129 130

Quercus rubra Fagus grandifolia Ulmus spp.

Fagus grandifolia Ulmus americana Fagus grandifolia

20.0 13.0 6.0 23.0 17.5 14.5

42 21 17 24 21 19

Fair Good Good Excellent Good Excellent

Moderate Good Moderate Good Moderate Good

red oak American beech elm American beech American elm American beech

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

One‐sided to W with crown weight over street, small dead branches Very one‐sided to S Codominant leaders, one‐sided to W, surface roots Upright structure, small dead branches Very poor structure One‐sided to NW, small dead branches Numerous epicormics limit VTA Trunk damage, bark removed 1‐4' S face Codominant leaders, upright structure, epicormics Codominant leaders, one to N over street, small dead branches, old codominant leader failure with large wound, some decay, epicormics Needs young tree structural pruning Codominant leaders, small dead branches Multiple leaders, crown weight over street One‐sided to W, hollow in scaffold branch warrants aerial Topped central leader, remove and replace sooner than later Crown covering lamp post Multiple leaders, previous scaffold branch failure, large wound at juncture warrants aerial Old lower trunk wounds, numerous epicormics limit VTA Prune where branches are growing into dominant crown of adjacent tree Several large dead and decaying branches on S side Previous branch failures, dead branches, trunk wound, surface roots Small dead branches Codominant leaders, one‐sided to S with crown weight over street, small dead branches, old trunk wound S face 0‐6' One‐sided with lean S, small dead branches, some leaf infection/infestation Somewhat one‐sided to W Very one‐sided to S, crown obstructs lamp Small dead and broken branches

Other6 Infrastructure

Prune7 Treatment8 Optional Optional Retain

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Yes

Infrastructure

Yes

Infrastructure

Yes Yes

Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure

Yes

Lamp post

Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Remove Retain Retain Retain

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional Remove Retain Retain Remove Retain

Yes Yes

Retain Retain

Yes

Optional Optional

Infrastructure

Yes

Retain

Infrastructure

Yes

Retain Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Lamp post Yes

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

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APPENDIX A

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MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 5 of 13

147 Japanese zelkova

Zelkova serrata

6.5

19 Viable

Good

Structure5 Comments Other6 Infrastructure Moderate One‐sided to E, large diameter scaffold branches over street Moderate Small dead branches, epicormics, upright structure Good Codominant leaders Good Multiple leaders, large past pruning, large scaffold branches with Moderate weight over street Broken leader, poor growing space beneath canopy of tree to E and impeding growth of tree to S Poor Good Needs young tree structural pruning; prune low‐lying limbs or remove adjacent tree N to improve growing space Good Moderate One‐sided to W Moderate One‐sided to W Moderate One‐sided to SW, crown over lamp post Good Infrastructure Moderate Multiple leaders, some included bark, upright crown Moderate Crown asymmetry Moderate One‐sided to N Moderate Multiple leaders, one‐sided to E with crown weight over street Crown asymmetry, codominant leaders, some lean in direction of Infrastructure Moderate crown weight to street

148 elm 149 elm 150 elm

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

9.0 6.0 4.0

15 Viable 19 Viable 12 Viable

Good Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good

151 green ash 152 elm

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ulmus spp.

16.5 5.5

27 Dying 14 Viable

Poor Good

Poor Good

153 154 155 156 157 158 159

American elm red oak American beech red oak red oak Accolade elm American elm

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Fagus grandifolia Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus 'Morton' Ulmus americana

26.5 28.0 16.5 10.5 12.0 3.5 35.0

45 42 29 25 27 6 36

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Fair Fair Good Good

Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Moderate Good Moderate

160 161 162 163

American elm red oak red oak elm

Ulmus americana Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

37.0 4.5 5.0 5.0

40 13 14 11

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Fair Good Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor

No. 131 132 133 134

Common Name American elm American elm American elm American elm

Species Name Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 31.5 48 Viable 25.0 40 Viable 5.5 14 Viable 6.0 16 Viable

Health4 Good Good Good Good

135 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

35.5

44 Viable

Fair

136 elm 137 sugar maple

Ulmus spp.

Acer saccharum

9.0 24.0

24 Viable 34 Viable

Good Good

138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Acer saccharum Ulmus americana

2.0 9.5 5.5 12.0 4.5 21.0 6.0 31.5 40.0

9 21 11 31 12 32 13 39 50

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good

elm elm elm elm sugar maple sugar maple sugar maple sugar maple American elm

Small dead branches, broken branch NE side, surface and circling roots Infrastructure Small dead branches Infrastructure Infrastructure History of scaffold branch failure, hollows with decay, progressive decline Some asymmetry, small dead branches Surrounded by Small dead branches infrastructure Leans E to street, dead and broken branches Infrastructure Somewhat one‐sided to SE Infrastructure Small live crown, insufficient growing space One‐sided to W Needs young tree structural pruning Few dead and decaying branches Some history of branch failure, hollow with decay in scaffold branch high in crown on S side, smaller dead and decaying branches Beneath dominant canopies Broken top with open wound and new off‐center leader

Prune7 Treatment8 Yes Retain Yes Retain Retain Retain Retain Remove Retain Yes

Retain Retain Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional

Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Yes Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Remove Retain Retain Retain Retain Remove Optional Retain Retain Retain Optional Retain Remove

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

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APPENDIX A

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 6 of 13 No. Common Name 164 American elm

Species Name Ulmus americana

165 elm

Ulmus spp.

166 167 168 169

red oak elm green ash red oak

Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Fraxinus pennsylvanica Quercus rubra

170 171 172 173 174

elm sugar maple Japanese zelkova sugar maple elm

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 21.0 25 Viable Good

Structure5 Comments Moderate Numerous epicormics limit VTA

Other6

17 Viable

Good

Poor

One‐sided to E, codominant leaders with tight V‐shaped attachment

6.0 3.5 30.0 7.0

26 9 34 14

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Fair Good Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor

One‐sided to SW over lamp post Small dead branches Codominant leaders, consider aerial to assess union Very high live crown

Infrastructure, lamp post Infrastructure Infrastructure

Ulmus spp.

Acer saccharum Zelkova serrata Acer saccharum Ulmus spp.

8.0 37.0 6.0 5.0 6.0

17 40 25 14 14

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Good Good

Good Moderate Poor Moderate Moderate

Small dead branch Small dead and decaying branches Very one‐sided to S, lower trunk wound E side Below dominant canopy with limited growing space

Infrastructure, lamp post

175 sugar maple 176 red oak

Acer saccharum Quercus rubra

30.5 13.0

34 Viable 26 Viable

Fair Fair

Moderate Poor

177 178 179 180 181

American elm Japanese zelkova red oak elm elm

Ulmus americana Zelkova serrata Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

13.0 7.5 3.0 6.0 7.5

18 27 9 15 18

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Fair Good Good Fair

Poor Moderate Good Moderate Moderate

182 183 184 185

red oak red oak American elm sugar maple

Quercus rubra Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Acer saccharum

44.5 6.5 33.0 22.5

47 16 25 34

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Fair Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good Moderate

History of branch failure, scaffold branch and trunk decay, consider aerial and pruning High live crown with poor structure Upright structure, live crown is mostly epicormics, likely a history of branch failure, may have crown decay One‐sided to W with crown weight over street Some crown asymmetry One‐sided to W One‐sided to W, reduced vigor, small dead branches Four leaders but one previously failed, Ganoderma conks near base on multiple sides ‐ consider advanced assessment Beneath dominant canopy Multiple leaders, epicormics Mostly one‐sided to N

186 American elm

Ulmus americana

35.5

37 Viable

Good

Moderate

Numerous epicormics limit VTA, history of scaffold branch failure

187 red oak 188 elm

Quercus rubra Ulmus spp.

8.5 3.5

21 Viable 8 Viable

Good Good

Moderate Moderate

189 190 191 192 193 194 195

Acer saccharum Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Ulmus americana Acer saccharum Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

34 17 13 47 37 13 11

Fair Fair Poor Good Good Good Good

Moderate Moderate Poor Moderate Good Moderate Moderate

One‐sided to SW with some lean in direction of crown weight Needs young tree structural pruning Codominant leaders, one previously failed and has a new off‐center leader Reduced vigor

sugar maple Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova American elm sugar maple elm elm

5.0

27.5 6.0 3.5 35.5 28.5 4.5 4.0

Viable Viable Dying Viable Viable Viable Viable

Dead branches high in crown over street, epicormics

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Optional

Yes

Optional Retain Retain Remove

Yes Yes

Retain Retain Optional Optional Retain

Yes

Retain Remove

Yes

Remove Optional Retain Retain Optional Optional Optional Retain Retain

Yes

Retain

Yes

Optional Retain

Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Yes

Retain Optional Remove Retain Retain Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

APPENDIX A

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

79

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 7 of 13 No. 196 197 198 199

Common Name

elm elm American elm American elm

Species Name Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 4.5 10 Viable 3.0 0 Dead 3.0 8 Viable 35.0 34 Viable

Health4 Good Dead Good Good

Structure5 Good Good Moderate

Comments

Other6

Multiple leaders, some crown asymmetry, epicormics

3.5

10 Viable

Good

Good

Ulmus americana

23.0

33 Viable

Good

Moderate

Multiple leaders, quite a lot of past pruning

Compacted soil, infrastructure Compacted soil, infrastructure

202 American elm 203 elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

31.5 4.0

39 Viable 0 Dead

Fair Dead

Moderate

Crown asymmetry, multiple leaders, epicormics, lifted concrete

Infrastructure

204 American elm 205 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

37.5 39.0

37 Viable 49 Viable

Fair Good

Moderate Good

206 207 208 209

American elm elm American elm elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

43.5 5.5 35.0 4.5

42 11 39 14

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Good

Moderate Good Good Moderate

210 American elm 211 elm 212 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana

33.0 3.5 30.0

45 Viable 9 Viable 32 Viable

Fair Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good

213 214 215 216 217

American elm American elm American elm American elm American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

27.5 25.5 38.0 22.0 35.0

27 30 47 21 42

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Fair Fair

Good Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

218 American elm 219 American elm 220 elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

49.0 36.5 15.0

50 Viable 59 Viable 23 Viable

Good Fair Fair

Moderate Moderate Poor

221 222 223 224

American elm American elm elm American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana

22.0 38.0 15.5 25.0

47 48 16 31

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Fair Good Good

Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate

225 American elm 226 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

35.0 19.0

33 Viable 19 Viable

Fair Good

Moderate Moderate

200 elm

Ulmus spp.

201 American elm

Multiple leaders, included bark, previous large branch failure, small dead branches, surface root damage Infrastructure Multiple leaders, expansive surface roots with mower damage aerial assessment; multiple leaders, previous branch failures, trunk and crown hollows with decay Small dead branches, lower trunk wound Multiple leaders, numerous epicormics Multiple leaders, reduced vigor, small dead and broken branches, nail in trunk at 7.5' N face

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Remove Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Remove Yes

Optional Retain Retain Retain Yes

Multiple leaders, epicormics Multiple leaders, cracked and lifted surfacing Crown asymmetry, multiple leaders, epicormics, bricks lifted Multiple leaders, epicormics, surface root damage Major asymmetry, epicormics, small dead branches Crown asymmetry, numerous epicormics, small trunk hollows Codominant stems, multiple leaders, numerous epicormics, small dead branches, hollow with decay beneath juncture of stems at 14' S face Very one‐sided to E Off‐center leader Very one‐sided, relatively small live crown, leans to street, epicormics Small dead and broken branches, old trunk wound E face One‐sided to SW, epicormics, small dead branches One‐sided to SE, dead branch in upper canopy Multiple leaders, numerous epicormics, twig dieback, concrete lifted north if tree Codominant leaders, upright crown, epicormics

Compacted soil, infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure Lamp post beneath crown Infrastructure Infrastructure

Yes Yes Yes

Infrastructure

Compacted soil, infrastructure Infrastructure

Retain Retain

Yes Yes Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional Optional Remove Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

80

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

APPENDIX A

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 8 of 13 No.

Common Name

Species Name

DBH1

C‐Rad2

Condition3

Health4

Structure5

Comments Other6 Crown asymmetry, small dead branches, epicormics, hollow at old pruning wound at 9.5' NW face, metal bar compartmentalized in trunk at 5' W face Infrastructure

227 American elm

Ulmus americana

27.5

36 Viable

Fair

Moderate

228 229 230 232

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

20.5 7.5 4.0 5.0

27 24 7 11

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Good Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good Moderate

233 American elm 234 American elm 235 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

30.0 30.0 19.0

32 Viable 42 Viable 16 Dying

Good Good Poor

Moderate Good Poor

237 American elm 238 American elm 239 American beech

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Fagus grandifolia

37.5 21.0 10.0

40 Viable 28 Viable 21 Viable

Fair Good Good

Moderate Moderate Good

240 American elm

Ulmus americana

32.0

35 Viable

Fair

Moderate

Codominant stems, twig and branch dieback

241 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

23.0

29 Viable

Good

Moderate

242 American elm 243 American elm 244 Norway maple

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Acer platanoides

32.0 34.5 12.0

46 Viable 38 Viable 18 Nuisance

Fair Good Excellent

Moderate Moderate Good

Trunk hollows at ~13' E and W faces, small dead branches Small dead and broken branches, relatively reduced vigor, lower trunk wound E face with hollow Crown asymmetry, epicormics

245 246 247 248

American elm American elm American elm American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

40.5 16.5 21.5 2.0

46 30 27 5

Good Poor Fair Good

Moderate Poor Moderate Good

249 American elm

Ulmus americana

32.0

34 Viable

Fair

Moderate

252 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

21.5

32 Viable

Fair

Poor

253 254 255 257

Fagus grandifolia Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

6.0 23.5 30.0 13.0

13 34 29 25

Excellent Fair Fair Good

Good Poor Moderate Good

Ulmus americana

39.0

47 Viable

Good

Moderate

elm elm elm elm

American beech American elm American elm American elm

258 American elm

Viable Dying Viable Viable

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Crown asymmetry, dead and broken branches, surface root damage One‐sided to W Some asymmetry Crown asymmetry, multiple leaders, included bark, upright crown, some surface root damage Small dead branches Severe decline Reduced vigor, twig dieback, old root damage N side, bacterial wetwood in N buttress flare, old trunk wound N face, one‐sided to E One‐sided to NE, epicormics

Multiple leaders, included bark, epicormics, one leader with large scaffold branches and crown weight over street Mostly dead, live foliage all epicormics Somewhat reduced vigor, small dead branches, twig dieback Needs young tree structural pruning Codominant stems, some history of branch failure, epicormics, small dead branches

Yes

Retain

Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain

Yes

Infrastructure

Surrounded by infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure

Optional Retain Retain

Yes

Retain Retain

Infrastructure Infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure

Retain Retain Remove

Yes

Yes

Crown dieback and decay Growing space would benefit if one lateral limb from adjacent maple to NE was removed Excessive crown weight to S Codominant leaders, large past pruning cuts, epicormics Infrastructure Codominant stems with tight V‐shaped attachment, multiple leaders, small dead branches

Prune7 Treatment8

Retain Retain Retain

Yes Yes

Retain Remove Retain Retain

Yes

Retain

Yes

Optional

Yes

Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

APPENDIX A

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

81

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 9 of 13 No.

Species Name

DBH1

C‐Rad2

Condition3

Health4

Structure5

American elm elm elm elm American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana

29.5 2.5 6.0 4.0 41.0

30 6 16 14 49

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Good Good

Moderate Good Moderate Moderate Moderate

264 American elm 265 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

32.0 26.0

32 Viable 37 Viable

Good Fair

Moderate Moderate

Comments Codominant leaders previously removed‐poor wound wood development, small dead branches in upper crown Root severed on west side Needs young tree structural pruning Needs young tree structural pruning Multiple leaders, epicormics Very one‐sided to E, crown weight over pedestrian zone, small dead branches High live crown, numerous epicormics along trunk limit VTA

266 littleleaf linden

Tilia cordata

24.5

26 Viable

Excellent

Good

Codominant leaders

267 American elm

Ulmus americana

26.0

32 Viable

Good

Moderate

Codominant leaders

268 American elm

Ulmus americana

34.0

48 Viable

Good

Good

Numerous epicormics limited VTA

269 American elm 270 elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

40.5 6.0

40 Viable 14 Viable

Good Good

Moderate Good

Multiple leaders, leans to building Exposed surface roots

271 elm 272 American elm 273 American elm

Ulmus spp.

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

4.0 30.5 26.5

13 Viable 30 Viable 39 Viable

Good Fair Fair

Good Moderate Moderate

274 American elm 275 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

39.5 31.0

35 Viable 28 Viable

Good Good

Moderate Moderate

Growing space would benefit from pruning crown of maple to the SW Codominant leaders, small dead branches, epicormics Codominant leaders, crown asymmetry, epicormics Multiple leaders, crown weight over street, epicormics, small dead branches Dead and broken branches, epicormics

276 American elm

Ulmus americana

26.5

29 Viable

Good

Moderate

278 American elm

Ulmus americana

36.0

45 Viable

Good

Moderate

279 American elm 280 American elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

36.5 14.5

42 Viable 18 Viable

Fair Fair

Moderate Moderate

281 282 284 285

American elm American elm American elm elm

Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

29.5 28.5 32.0 6.0

39 33 39 16

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Fair Fair

Moderate Moderate Moderate Good

286 American elm

Ulmus americana

23.5

34 Viable

Good

Moderate

Multiple leaders, some asymmetry, leans to street Codominant stems with tight V‐shaped attachment, old trunk wound NW face Codominant leaders, large diameter scaffold branches, dead and broken branches, crown decay Bacterial wetwood W face 0‐5', small dead branches Codominant leaders, previous scaffold branch failure, surface and circling roots Surface roots, small dead branches Numerous epicormics, dead branches, some dieback Needs young tree structural pruning One‐sided to E, epicormics, prune low‐lying limbs to improve growing space for adjacent young trees

287 American elm

Ulmus americana

16.0

39 Viable

Fair

Moderate

Crown asymmetry, history of branch failure, small dead branches

259 260 261 262 263

Common Name

Other6 Infrastructure

Prune7 Treatment8 Yes Yes Yes

Infrastructure, lamp post Infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure Infrastructure, shortcut path Surrounded by infrastructure Infrastructure Lamp post, infrastructure Infrastructure

Infrastructure Infrastructure, roots growing over bricks

Yes

Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure

Retain Retain Retain Retain

Yes

Retain Retain Retain

Yes

Retain Retain Retain

Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain

Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

Retain Yes Yes

Retain Optional

Yes Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain

Yes

Retain

Yes

Optional

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

82

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

APPENDIX A

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 10 of 13

Platanus x acerifolia Ulmus americana Ulmus americana Ulmus americana

55.0 19.0 22.0 24.5

46 30 43 38

Viable Viable Viable Viable

Good Fair Fair Fair

Structure5 Comments Mostly dead, just epicormics Poor Heritage Tree, poor growing space/soil volume, small dead branches, Moderate some branch dieback, scaffold branches with hollows Moderate Crown dieback, epicormics Previous scaffold branch failure, twig dieback Poor Moderate Crown asymmetry, small dead branches in upper crown

393 American elm 394 honey locust

Ulmus americana Gleditsia triacanthos

28.5 12.5

35 Viable 19 Viable

Good Fair

Moderate Moderate

Some asymmetry, crown weight over street and parking, epicormics Some asymmetry, small dead branches

Lamp post beneath crown

395 honey locust

Gleditsia triacanthos

14.0

25 Viable

Fair

Moderate

Some asymmetry, crown weight over street

Lamp post beneath crown

Retain

396 honey locust

Gleditsia triacanthos

12.0

28 Viable

Fair

Moderate

One‐sided to S, crown weight over street

Retain

397 honey locust

Gleditsia triacanthos

14.5

26 Viable

Fair

Moderate

Lamp post beneath crown Lamp post beneath scaffold branch

Retain

398 honey locust 399 honey locust

Gleditsia triacanthos Gleditsia triacanthos

12.0 12.0

33 Viable 30 Viable

Fair Fair

Moderate Moderate

401 402 403 404 405 406

Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubrum Ulmus americana Ulmus spp.

36.0 3.0 4.0 3.0 21.0 4.0

47 9 9 9 29 10

Fair Excellent Excellent Good Fair Good

Moderate Good Good Good Moderate Moderate

407 red oak 408 sugar maple

Quercus rubrum Acer saccharum

11.0 33.0

23 Viable 41 Viable

Good Good

Moderate Good

One‐sided to SW, crown weight over street One‐sided to SW with crown weight over street, hollow with trunk decay at ~4' N face One‐sided to S, small dead branches Yes Multiple leaders, crown asymmetry, numerous epicormics, twig Epicormics limit complete dieback VTA Yes Located 28.5 N of 209 43.5' N of last add tree 38.5' S of 199 50.5' NNW of 214, numerous epicormics 47.5' N of 215 crown asymmetry 21' N of 228, poor growing space between dominant elms, poor branch distribution, upper trunk lean 21.5' N of last add tree Infrastructure

409 410 411 412 413

American elm red oak red oak red oak red oak

Ulmus americana Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum

25.5 6.0 15.0 15.0 17.0

35 11 26 25 29

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Fair Good

Moderate Good Moderate Moderate Good

24.5' E of last add point, one‐sided to SE, past pruning, epicormics 26' E of last add tree 30' S of last add tree 25.5' E of last add point and 28' N of 218 43.5' N of last add tree

Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain

414 415 416 417 418

elm red oak red oak American beech red oak

Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Fagus grandifolia Quercus rubrum

3.0 6.5 13.5 8.0 4.0

6 23 29 14 13

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Fair Good Good Excellent Good

Moderate Moderate Moderate Good Good

23' N of 239, dead branches, needs young tree structural pruning 49' E of 239, codominant leaders 39' N of 237, leans E 20' N of 206 23' E of 230

No. Common Name 288 American elm 371 389 390 392

London planetree American elm American elm American elm

American elm elm elm red oak American elm elm

Species Name Ulmus americana

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 25.0 28 Dying Poor

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Other6

Infrastructure

Prune7 Treatment8 Remove Yes Yes Yes Yes

Retain Optional Optional Retain

Yes

Retain Retain

Infrastructure

Infrastructure Infrastructure

Infrastructure

Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional Retain

Optional Retain Optional Retain Retain

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

APPENDIX A

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

83

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 11 of 13 No.

Common Name

Species Name

DBH1

C‐Rad2

Condition3

Health4

Structure5

Comments

Other6 Lamp beneath crown, infrastructure Infrastructure

419 red oak 420 red oak 421 littleleaf linden

Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Tilia cordata

15.0 14.5 26.0

32 Viable 20 Viable 32 Viable

Good Good Good

Moderate Good Good

422 American elm

Ulmus americana

35.0

53 Viable

Good

Moderate

423 elm

Ulmus spp.

4.0

6 Viable

Good

Moderate

25' S of 230, crown asymmetry, self‐correcting lean 42' N of 230, small dead branches 25' W of 242, limited VTA 36' SW of 240; aerial assessment, history of large branch failure, wounds with decay in scaffold branches 25' E of 241, Needs young tree structural pruning, remove stakes, severed root on W side

424 American elm

Ulmus americana

31.0

38 Viable

Good

Good

47' S of 269, numerous epicormics

425 American elm

Ulmus americana

27.5

41 Dying

Poor

Poor

426 American elm

Ulmus americana

36.0

32 Viable

Fair

Moderate

427 elm

Ulmus spp.

5.0

10 Viable

Good

Good

428 American elm

Ulmus americana

23.0

33 Viable

Fair

Moderate

429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440

Ulmus spp.

Quercus rubrum Acer saccharum Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Fagus grandifolia Quercus rubrum Quercus rubrum Fagus grandifolia Fagus grandifolia Tilia cordata Acer saccharum

4.0 16.5 33.0 12.0 14.0 11.0 8.0 13.0 10.0 5.5 10.5 25.0

7 26 40 26 28 25 25 23 18 15 22 28

Fair Good Excellent Good Fair Excellent Fair Good Excellent Good Good Good

Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Poor Good Poor Moderate Good Good Moderate Moderate

47' S of last add tree, severe dieback, progressive decline 25' W of 267, codominant leaders, numerous epicormics, small dead branches, twig dieback Infrastructure 32' N of last add tree, Prune small dead branch and defective low‐lying limb 22' N of 255, multiple leaders, relatively reduced vigor, small dead branches, crown decay, old trunk wound NE face Infrastructure Surrounded by 20' N of 240, small live crown, poor branch distribution infrastructure 43' N of 260, self‐correcting lean Infrastructure 43' N of 280, prune to improve growing space for nearby trees Infrastructure 20' N of 259, Appears somewhat rootbound, circling roots Infrastructure 21' N of 247, one‐sided to ENE with crown weight to light rail Infrastructure, light rail 38' N of 253 Very one‐sided to E Infrastructure 20' N of 282, crown asymmetry, crown weight over light rail Infrastructure, light rail 27' E of 282, few surface roots 25' S of last add tree, few surface roots 32' N of 275, lower trunk wound N side 20' N of 286, codominant leaders

elm red oak sugar maple red oak red oak American beech red oak red oak American beech American beech littleleaf linden sugar maple

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

441 elm

Ulmus spp.

7.0

21 Viable

Fair

Poor

442 elm

Ulmus spp.

11.5

21 Viable

Good

Good

443 American elm 444 sugar maple 445 sugar maple

Ulmus americana Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

31.0 34.0 32.0

45 Viable 34 Viable 32 Viable

Good Good Excellent

Moderate Moderate Moderate

446 sugar maple

Acer saccharum

37.0

44 Dangerous

Fair

Poor

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Retain Retain

Surrounded by infrastructure

Surrounded by infrastructure Surrounded by infrastructure

32' N of 262, very one‐sided to E, small dead branches Infrastructure, lamp post 48' N of 264, completely surrounded by infrastructure, prune small broken branch in north side 20' S of 288, codominant leaders, small dead branches, excessive crown weight over pedestrian path to E 22' N of 288, codominant leaders 24' W of 248, codominant leaders 44' S of 287, excessive lean SW, suspect trunk decay, Ganoderma conk near base on W side, codominant leaders, some crown decay

Optional Yes

Retain Retain Remove

Yes

Retain

Yes

Retain

Yes

Retain

Yes

Optional Retain Retain Optional Optional Retain Optional Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain

Yes

Optional

Yes

Retain

Yes

Retain Retain Retain Remove

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

84

SOUTH PARK BLOCKS | master plan | Appendix A | EXISTING CONDITIONS, ISSUES, AND OPPORTUNITIES REPORT

APPENDIX A

MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 12 of 13

448 American elm 449 sugar maple 450 sugar maple

Ulmus americana Acer saccharum Acer saccharum

18.5 3.0 3.5

22 Viable 11 Viable 8 Viable

Good Good Good

451 Japanese hornbeam 452 cherry

Carpinus japonica Prunus spp.

2.0 22.0

4 Viable 30 Viable

Good Good

Structure5 Comments 26' E of 287 Good 21' S of 70; upright structure, small dead branches and some twig Moderate dieback 24' E of 118 Good Moderate 25' E of 122, codominant leaders 18' N of 32 ‐ horrible planting spot right beneath spreading hawthorn crown, consider relocating Good Very small dead branches, hollow in small branch S side Good

453 454 455 456

Chamaecyparis obtusa Quercus bicolor Quercus bicolor Quercus bicolor

5.0 12.0 17.0 14.5

9 24 32 22

Viable Viable Viable Dying

Fair Fair Fair Poor

Moderate Moderate Moderate Moderate

Dead branches Small dead branches Severe and progressive decline

457 swamp white oak

Quercus bicolor

16.5

18 Viable

Good

Good

Small dead branches

458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481 482

Quercus bicolor Zelkova serrata Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Populus tremuloides Prunus spp.

Populus tremuloides Zelkova serrata Prunus spp.

Prunus spp.

Prunus spp.

Styrax japonicus Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata Acer rubrum

21.0 8.5 6.0 5.5 6.0 4.5 4.5 5.5 6.0 3.0 30.0 2.5 6.5 13.0 15.0 17.5 8.5 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 10.0

26 12 8 9 11 9 10 11 9 9 28 9 13 20 18 29 15 8 8 9 12 15 11 11 10

Good Good Poor Fair Dead Fair Fair Fair Fair Fair Good Fair Good Good Good Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Fair

Good Good Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Moderate Moderate Moderate Good Poor Good Good Good Moderate Good Moderate Good Good Good Good Good Good Moderate

Small dead branches

Infrastructure, building Compacted planter, building Small tree well Small tree well Small tree well Small tree well, lifted concrete Small tree well, lifted concrete

Multiple leaders

Against building

No. Common Name 447 littleleaf linden

Hinoki cypress swamp white oak swamp white oak swamp white oak

swamp white oak Japanese zelkova quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen quaking aspen cherry quaking aspen Japanese zelkova cherry cherry cherry Japanese snowbell Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova Japanese zelkova red maple

Species Name Tilia cordata

DBH1 C‐Rad2 Condition3 Health4 9.0 15 Viable Good

Viable Viable Dying Viable Dead Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Crown touching building

Inadequate tree protection during construction, impacts likely

Other6

Infrastructure

Infrastructure, building Infrastructure, building Infrastructure, building Infrastructure, building Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access

Prune7 Treatment8 Retain Yes

Retain Retain Retain Remove Retain

Yes Yes

Retain Retain Retain Remove

Yes

Retain

Yes

Retain Retain Remove Remove Remove Remove Remove Optional Optional Optional Retain Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Optional

Yes

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

APPENDIX A

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MHA18066 South Park Blocks Master Plan ‐ Tree Data 5‐17‐19.xlsx Page 13 of 13 No.

1

Common Name

Species Name

DBH1

C‐Rad2

Condition3

Health4

Structure5

483 red maple

Acer rubrum

12.0

11 Viable

Fair

Moderate

484 red maple

Acer rubrum

6.0

12 Viable

Good

Good

485 486 487 488 489 490 491

Acer rubrum Acer rubrum Acer rubrum Acer rubrum Acer rubrum Acer rubrum Acer rubrum

17.0 18.0 16.0 12.0 16.0 14.0 11.0

14 20 15 12 15 15 16

Fair Good Good Good Good Good Good

Moderate Good Moderate Good Good Good Good

red maple red maple red maple red maple red maple red maple red maple

Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable Viable

Comments Circling roots, compacted and inadequate soil volume, forked leaders both with wounds Compacted and inadequate soil volume, trunk wound W face Codominant leaders with included bark, poor protection with construction and impacts likely Small tree well Codominant leaders with included bark

Other6

Prune7 Treatment8

Small tree well

Optional

Small tree well

Retain

Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access Limited VTA ‐ no access

Optional Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain Retain

DBH is tree diameter measured at 4.5‐feet above ground level in inches rounded to the nearest half‐inch.

2

C‐Rad is the average crown radius measured in feet. For trees with one‐sided crowns, crown radius is reported for the one side rather than an average.

3

Condition is based on the City's Urban Forestry Tree Inventory Worksheet drop‐down menu selections, either: Viable, Nuisance, Dead, Dying or Dangerous.

4

Health is an arborist assigned rating of overall tree health and vigor, either: Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor or Dead.

5

Structure is an arborist assigned rating of overall structure, either: Good, Moderate or Poor.

6

Other provides comments related to existing infrastructure or limited Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) due to access constraints.

7

Prune identifies trees recommended for pruning; refer to comments for information pertaining to the need for pruning.

Treatment provides a preliminary recommendation for tree retention or removal; some trees are classified as optional meaning they are not likely long‐term amenities and removal could provide for site enhancements‐‐refer to comments for individual tree descriptions. Note that recommendations may be modified based on the results of aerial and advanced assessments prescribed in the comments.

8

Morgan Holen & Associates, LLC

Consulting Arborists and Urban Forest Management

3 Monroe Parkway, Suite P220, Lake Oswego, OR 97035 morgan.holen@comcast.net | 971.409.9354

86

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APPENDIX A

Appendix B: Existing Planning and Land Use Documents Relevant to the South Park Blocks Master Plan Update

Existing Planning and Land Use Documents Relevant to the South Park Blocks Master Plan

March 11, 2019

1. Olmsted Plan (1903) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/65807

2. Parks 2020 Vision (2001) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/40182

3. City of Portland Title 11: Trees: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/citycode/66002 o Chapter 11.50 Trees in Development Situations o Chapter 11.60 Technical Specifications

4. Urban Forestry Management Plan (2004) and Urban Forestry Action Plan (2007) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/60402

5. PP&R’s Ecologically Sustainable Landscape Initiative (2015) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/540631

6. Portland Parks & Recreation Strategic Plan 2017‐2020 ‐ https://issuu.com/portlandparks/docs/pp_r_strategic_plan_v1a

7. City of Portland Title 33: Planning and Zoning Code: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/31612 o Chapter 33.100 Open Space Zone o 33.420 Design Overlay Zone* o 33.510 Central City Plan District

* Design Overlay Zone Amendments (DOZA) is proposing changes to this chapter. DOZA Discussion Draft is available: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/76661

8. Central City Fundamental Design Guidelines 2001 (special area on the Park Blocks) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/98064

9. Park Avenue Urban Design Vision (2004) – more focused on Midtown Park Blocks (There were also subsequent 3 park plans done for Ankeny Park, O’Bryant Square, and Director Park) https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/501084

APPENDIX B

Central City 2035 Plan, Volume 5A, Implementation Action Item UD17 Implement the Park Avenue Urban Design Vision (2004) o Implementors: BPS, Parks, PBOT

10. Central City 2035 & The Green Loop (2018) ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/77289 o Volume 1: Goals and Policies o Volume 2A: Zoning Code and Map Amendments, Part 1 Central City Plan District o Volume 5A: Implementation – Performance Targets and Action Plans o Volume 5B: Implementation – Green Loop 11. Portland 2035 Transportation System Plan ‐ https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/67263 > Particularly Chapter 3: Street Classifications 12. Central City in Motion Final Implementation Plan and related documents: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/71158

13. City of Portland Title 16: Vehicles and Traffic: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/citycode/28180 > Particularly in relation to parking and loading

Addition PP&R Reference Documents: 1. Systemwide Plans and Reports: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/38306 2. Project Plans and Studies: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/index.cfm?&c=63838 3. Future of our Park System (watch system grow over the years): https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/436698 4. Interpretation Strategy: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/386031 5. Trail Design Guidelines: http://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/250105 6. Sports Courts Technical Paper: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/475510 7. Synthetic Turf Q&A: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/584888 8. Play Area Technical Paper: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/475508 9. Community Center Technical Paper: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/475506 10. Aquatic Facilities Technical Paper: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/475505 11. Community Gardens Technical Paper: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/475507 12. Off‐Leash Program Evaluation & Recommendations Report to Council: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/97472 13. Skate Park System Plan: https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/article/202401

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1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 1306 1307 1308 1309 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314 1315 1316 1317 1318 1319

Appendix C: Archival documents provided by Portland Parks & Recreation and City of Portland Archives and Record Management Appendix C: Archival documents provided by Portland Parks & Recreation

Various scanned documents related to the South Park Blocks Phase Two Redevelopment Project, including: • • • • •

Request for Qualifications for the South Park Blocks Phase Two Redevelopment Project, 1986 South Park Blocks Framework Master Plan Review of Goals, c.1986 (typed document) Review of Downtown Design Guidelines, c.1986 (typed document) Topographic survey of the South Park Blocks (Blocks 7, 8, and 9) performed by David Evans & Associates dated April 29, 1986.

Correspondence, presentation outlines, comments, working plans, and memoranda related to design review of Phase Two Redevelopment plans dated: o June 13, 1986 o August 26, 1986 o March 5, 1987 o April 13, 1987

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APPENDIX C

Appendix D: List of reviewed documents not provided by Portland Parks & Recreation

1321

Appendix D: List of reviewed documents not provided by Portland Parks & Recreation

1322 1323 1324 1325 1326 1327 1328 1329 1330 1331 1332 1333 1334 1335 1336 1337 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347 1348 1349 1350 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367

1972 Downtown Plan https://www.portlandoregon.gov/bps/article/94718 ADA Title II Transition Plan Update – PP&R Facilities https://www.portlandoregon.gov/oehr/article/534746 Bird Species List, Portland Audubon Wildlife Sanctuary https://audubonportland.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Species-list-for-PortlandAudubon-Sanctuary.pdf

1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374

The Roots of Portland’s Native American Community, July 10, 2017 https://www.oregonmetro.gov/news/roots-portlands-native-american-community The State of Parking (2015), Portland Bureau of Transportation https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/556011

Cultural Landscapes 101, National Park Service https://www.nps.gov/articles/cultural-landscapes-101.htm Flores, Trudy, and Sarah Griffith. Park Blocks, 1878. The Oregon History Project, 2002. https://oregonhistoryproject.org/articles/historical-records/park-blocks-1878 Green Loop Studies – Draft Final Report, January 2019. Bureau of Planning and Sustainability. (PDF available) Danaher, Lana. Historic Summary of South Park Blocks. Portland Bureau of Parks and Recreation, June 14, 1979. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1033&context=oscdl_cityarc hives Jette, Melinda. The Kalapuya Treaty of 1855. The Oregon History Project. https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/kalapuya_treaty/#.XQQRIYhKi70 Nelson, Donald. The South Park Blocks: A Neighborhood History. Pub. Donald Nelson, 1st ed.

2008. (PDF of selected pages available) Nokes, Greg. Black Exclusion Laws in Oregon. The Oregon History Project. https://oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/exclusion_laws/#.XQKQR4hKi70 Open Space and Park Development, 1851-1965, PP&R (2010) https://www.portlandoregon.gov/parks/38306?a=286454 Pollinator Conservation in the Portland Metro Area, A Regional Stakeholders Report. The Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, 2012. http://www.xerces.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/06/Pollinator-Conservation-in-thePortland-Metro-Area.pdf “University Reappraises Long-Term Building Plans,” Portland State Perspective, Vol. 2, No. 1, January 1970. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/& httpsredir=1&article=1021&context=perspective

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APPENDIX D

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