Powell Tribune Fall Home Improvement

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hen Dick and Lois Asher bought their home in the 600 block of Shoshone Street in September 1991, their move from their Heart Mountain farm was prompted in part by what — at that time — they saw as its limits. “We’d have had to remodel our house

out there to live in it to retire,” Lois Asher said. They happily moved to town and their grandson, Brian, now lives in that Heart Mountain farmhouse with his wife, Misti, and their family — and they’ve extensively remodeled it. And after almost 20 years had gone by, Lois and Dick began over the past year to change their home. They painted rooms, bought new curtains, installed new light-

“It’ll be nice when we get through,” ing in the kitchen. But their retirement home went up in Lois said, but planning the new house is smoke on July 18 when a fire that started “mind-boggling.” “I just don’t keep in their garage spread up with colors and to the house. Firefighters brought out what Ê@ aljk [feËk b\\g lg n`k_ styles,” she said. “I just feel so lost.” they could, but smoke But contractor Eric and water damaged Zfcfij Xe[ jkpc\j% @ aljk Menning of Ground much of the home’s ]\\c jf cfjk%Ë Breaking Custom furnishings. Insurance Lois Asher Homes said both Ashis allowing them to Homeowner ers took an active role rebuild, and about a in designing their new month ago the house was demolished to make room for a new home. First priority for Lois was large windows, especially in the kitchen. She home on the same foundation. and Menning crafted a plan that moved the kitchen from the back of the home to the front, where large windows will view the street. “I will now have an east kitchen,” Lois said. “I am so excited for a light east kitchen.” Three first-floor bedrooms were whittled down to two, and the couple will enjoy a new bathroom and walk-in closets. Another of Lois’ priorities, a foyer, will lead visitors from the front door into an open space that encompasses kitchen, dining and living rooms. French doors will lead to the back yard. A new staircase, a full 4 feet wide with wide steps, replaces the old, narrow basement stairs. The basement will feature three large egress windows. Menning, who’s married to the Ashers’ granddaughter Whitney, said the windows measure 4 feet by 4 feet each and they will have ladders to ensure anyone in the basement can escape if they need to. The new garage will attach to the back of the house, which will let Dick and Lois — Grandma and Grandpa to Menning — to enter the house without having to be outside in bad weather. Fitting the new house to the existing

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n the coming decade, expect to see around 568 new homes pop up in Powell, Cody, Meeteetse and the rest of Park County. That’s one of the projections contained in a Park County Housing Assessment finalized this summer by Pedersen Planning Consultants, a private firm hired to conduct the study by a state grant and local government and business officials. Using information from employers in the county, Pedersen projected that the area’s population will increase about 14 percent between now and 2020 — a little more than 1.5 percent a year. That would take Park County’s population from roughly 29,500 residents currently to about 33,800 folks in 2020. The assessment predicts that those current and future Park County residents will need about 5,000 apartments, houses, condominiums, mobile homes or other residences between now and 2020. “The greatest demand will be for homes in the unincorporated area because of a strong market preference for open space and other rural values,� the study says. “But, significant portions of the overall demand for home

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significant portion of the overall demand for home purchases since the community contains diversified commercial and public services and is the home of Northwest College,� says the study. “Perhaps more importantly, housing in Powell is typically 30 percent less than the values of homes in Cody. Consequently, Powell will likely draw a proportion of new incoming residents who are concerned with the affordability of housing or attracted to a smaller community.� Home sales dropped significantly between 2007 and 2009, the study says, and Pedersen expects it to be a few years before the tight economic climate picks back up. Based a survey of local employers conducted earlier this year, Pedersen says it looks like “most industries will add few jobs to the Park County between 2010 and 2012.� But as oil and gas development begins to again increase and Eleutian Technology relocates its headquarters to Cody,

Pedersen sees things getting better. Between 2013 and 2015, the supporting construction, professional, retail and technical service industries are projected to rebound. From Jan. 1 to Oct. 1 of this year, the city of Powell has issued building permits for five mobile homes, four singlefamily residences, three duplexes and an eight-apartment complex; there had been 11 permits for single-family residences at this point last year, driven largely by seven permits for the Petersen subdivision on East Madison Street. The first nine months of 2009 also saw four mobile home permits and one permit for the construction of a duplex. “Not as much new construction as there was several years ago but I don’t think anybody’s going broke yet, either,� said City Building Official William Petersen — at least not those who know how to manage their business, he added. In the rural Powell area this year, the Park County Planning and Zoning Department has issued 22 permits for single family residences and three mobile home permits. In the Cody area, 28 single family residence permits have been issued, along with three in Crandall and Meeteetse and two in Clark.

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STENCILING with joint compound

If you have yet to try it, stenciling with pre-mixed joint compound should be a must for your “to do� list. Raised designs on walls is a rapidly growing and truly exciting decorating trend these days. Though stenciling itself is a very easy craft to perform, stenciling with joint compound for raised designs on your walls is an easy project. The look is very “high end� but it’s so cheap and easy to create you’ll be amazed. If you can frost a cake, you can do it. From life-sized raised plaster trees on the walls in your living room to raised plaster medallions around your light fixtures, there is no end to the incredible designs currently available.

paints 3. Peel the stencil back. Remove the tape and gently peel the stencil back. 4. Allow plaster design to dry 5. Add additional color To color your design, you can either add craft paints directly to the joint compound for color throughout, or use a stencil brush and stencil cream

paints to add translucent color directly to the dried design. One option is to do what we do regularly, and that is to mix craft paint with translucent wall glaze, wipe on with a sponge, then immediately wipe off all excess. This is called a “color wash� and is meant to settle in to the recesses of the design to bring out its detail.

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• Any raised plaster stencil design • Joint compound • 3-inch plastic scraper • masking tape 1. Tape the raised plaster stencil to the intended area of the wall. If you aren’t sure what you might like to do, think about these ideas: • Use medallion designs on the wall just above your stove. • Repeat border designs to create unique moldings around your baseboards or at chair rail level. • Try using a wrought iron design in the corners of your walls or ceiling. • Use a straight border design to create a frame around your light fixture. • Use any design to create a free-form wallpaper effect. 2. Apply joint compound over stencil openings Smear joint compound over the stencil openings. In this case, we pre-tinted the joint compound with acrylic craft

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Cffb cfZXccp fi fec`e\ ]fi X]]fi[XYc\ Xik (AP) — Naked walls and bare tabletops can be intimidating to amateur decorators — that is, most of us. But there’s bona fide artwork out there — online, maybe in your hometown — for every budget. Sleuthing out what suits your space and taste is part of the fun. “Art is a great investment and it doesn’t have to be expensive if you buy it smart,� says Rachael Liska, senior editor at “Fresh Home� magazine. Steven Young Lee, resident artist director of the Archie Bray Foundation for the Ceramic Arts, in Helena, Mont., notes that art can be inspirational, and affect viewers on an emotional level. “You want to live with pieces that continue to influence you in some way,� says Lee. “You may

notice something different every time you look at it. Your perspective changes and the work changes with you.� That also means you may want to freshen rooms from time to time with different art. The non-profit Archie Bray, which supports ceramic artists at its residency studios, sells the work of current and past resident artists through its online gallery, at an annual July auction and during regular exhibition shows. Lee says places like The Bray are good for novice art buyers. “We’re supporting a lot of upand-coming artists, so prices are lower,� he says. Art aficionados on the prowl for lower prices can also check with art schools and universities. Several Web-based galleries

let you browse, purchase — even test buy — original artwork. They include Ugallery, where buyers may try out a piece of art for a week. If it doesn’t work out, the return shipping is free. Etsy and ArtFire sell fine art among scads of crafts, some of it kitschy. Other online sites are limited more to the fine arts, including College Art Online (student, alumni and professor artwork); Gallery Today (signed oil paintings); Original Art Online; and 20x200, which posts a new photograph and work on paper weekly. Liska singles out Collectdotgive.org as a source for contemporary photography. The Web site posts photographers’ prints, and the shooters donate 100 percent of their print-sale profits to a charity of their choice.

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foundation posed some challenges, Menning said. It turned out the original home wasn’t lined up with the foundation. “With a 50-year-old home it’s kind of expected that they might not be as square and true as they are now,� Menning said. “The only people who would know are drywallers. It’s the exterior finish that you’ll notice.� This home’s new exterior will be similar to the home it replaced, he said: seamless steel siding with brick wainscoting along the front. Menning said once the insurance settlement was finalized, the rebuilding process fell into place faster than he’s accustomed to. “Insurance wanted us to rebuild, to fix it,� Menning said. “It would’ve used up all their insurance money to fix it.� Before demolition or construction came the arduous sifting of the home’s contents, trying to salvage as much as possible. They set up a tent on their front lawn and family and friends helped them sort. “Pretty much everything went away,� Menning said, much of it damaged by smoke. Lois and Dick still wonder whether more could have been saved, including the bedroom set they bought when they moved to town. Maybe that could have been refinished, they think now. None of the mattresses could be saved, but they treasure a dresser handed down from Dick’s mother, which was damaged but restored. Menning said the odor of the smoke still lingers, although the house is virtually gone and new framing has taken its place.

“Even now if I walk in the basement, you can still get a whiff of fire,� Menning said, although the lumber already in place below ground level seems to be absorbing some of the scent. He thinks painting the basement will take care of the rest. Lois said she catches herself forgetting what she lost in the fire, including a freezer full of meat. “We were expecting company,� she said. She had bought meat and made casseroles, all stored in the deep-freeze waiting for friends and relatives to visit. She has “no mixer, no kitchen stuff. It all melted down.�

The Ashers are living in a rented house. Last week, she wanted to try a new recipe for bagels and had all the ingredients except yeast — which she expected to be in her freezer — until she remembered she didn’t have the freezer either. Now, with Dick recovering from knee replacement surgery three weeks ago, the couple stops by the Shoshone Street site when possible to watch the progress on their new home. Menning projects their home will be ready soon after the first of the year. November is electric, plumbing, heating and insulation. December is drywall. Next spring is landscap-

ing and replacing the sprinkler system. The pump burned in the fire and Menning expects the sprinkler lines, still full of water, will freeze and burst over the winter. Menning started Ground Breaking Construction in March 2008 after working for Cross Construction. He built a house for his family in 2006 and worked on a remodeling project for his wife’s brother, Andy Asher, and his family last year. Now working for family again, he joked about expanding his client base. But he’s glad the new home is coming along quickly. “It’s more of an excitement thing now,� Menning said.

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9\ gi\gXi\[ n_\e glkk`e^ Xe X[[`k`fe fe pfli _fd\ Ask William Carter about expanding your home and he’ll be blunt: It will be expensive. It will be messy. And it will take time. “This is a very taxing process,� says Carter, board chairman of the National Association of the Remodeling Industry. “You’re probably going to make 1,500 to 2,000 decisions before this project is completed.� Adding on to your home starts with planning and research. In

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surveys of Consumer Reports readers who remodeled their homes, “the thing they wish they had done is spent more time upfront,� says deputy home editor Celia KuperszmidLehrman. Make detailed notes about the basics you want, and a separate list of special things, skylights or a fireplace, that you’d love to include but can live without. Be sure to plan a large enough addition, Carter says, or

you could unsatisfied with the finished product. Work up a realistic budget, leaving room for cost overruns of 5 percent to 10 percent. You can commission plans from an architect or work with “design/build� contractors who create plans. If the addition isn’t elaborate, you also can buy software to design your own plans. Carter’s proposals are carefully organized and include

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documents detailing every aspect of the job. Look for someone experienced in the type of work you’re planning. Does the contractor point out potential difficulties up front? “A lot of people get bids, and by then they’re already so tired of the process� they just jump in and get started, Carter says. But it’s vital to move slowly and carefully when signing contracts.

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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2010 POWELL TRIBUNE • PAGE 5

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?fd\ \e\i^p Xl[`k cffbj Xk Ê]Xi dfi\ k_Xe Xe \e\i^p Y`ccË 9P @C<E< FCJFE Tribune News Editor

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hen Mark Lera audits a home for energy efficiency, he tells a story of a home, the people who live there, and the many complex systems in the house. “The most complex are the people themselves,� he said during a telephone interview Oct. 15. The story is one of ensuring the health, safety and comfort of the home’s occupants, and the durability and efficiency of its systems. “Through weatherization, we improve all of those areas,� he said. Lera, a building analysis trainer, taught a building analysis course in Powell earlier this year through the Northwest Center for Training and Development. Before Lera and his students audit a home, they’ve already been introduced and had a phone conversation. When team members arrive at the property, they look at the outside of the

structure, its roof, windows, drainage, vegetation, siding and foundation. They look at the structure to determine whether the walls are constructed with 2-inch by 4-inch or 2-inch by 6-inch lumber. To determine the movement of air into and out of the home, they look at windows and doors, check whether they are properly installed, check their sealings and caulking and whether they are single- or double-paned. “We look for things that could cause air leakage,� he said. They also check to make sure windows open and close properly and can be used for egress, or as an emergency exit. Inside, they look at the water heater and furnace and check to see what kind of electrical wiring and insulation are in the house. They check for any rot or decay, fire-safety issues or signs of other problems. They check the basement or the crawl space and the attic, and look at everything from an insulation standpoint. “The house is telling us a story about what kind of issues

there are that can be addressed fits in the doorway and seals by a laborer at the homeowner it — and blowing air out of the level, and which need to be ad- house. That sucks air out of the dressed by a professional,â€? Lera house and creates a vacuum, allowing the team to measure said. The team also interviews the the amount of air leaking into owner, asking about hot or cold the house. While the fan is running, team spots in the members check house, and, by doorways, winlooking at past ĂŠK_\ _flj\ `j k\cc`e^ dows, electrienergy bills, lj X jkfip XYflk cal outlets and they try to deductwork for air termine what n_Xk b`e[ f] `jjl\j leakage. might have k_\i\ Xi\ k_Xk ZXe A home caused spikes should have 3.5 in energy or Y\ X[[i\jj\[ Yp air changes in water use. X cXYfi\i Xk k_\ an hour for a “The oc_fd\fne\i c\m\c# healthy air excupant is the change, Lera most complex Xe[ n_`Z_ e\\[ kf said. If there is and informa- Y\ X[[i\jj\[ Yp X too little air flow, tive tool we or if a furnace have,â€? Lera gif]\jj`feXc%Ă‹ said. “We have Mark Lera or water heater only one day, Building analysis trainer isn’t functioning properly, but a building air quality can analyst can use the information from the owner deteriorate and can contribute to (determine) what goes on to ongoing health problems, such as headaches, tiredness or throughout the year.â€? Air flow into the house is chronic breathing problems. “Many people run to the docchecked by installing a “blower doorâ€? — a specialized fan that tor or pharmacy to deal with

colds, flu, allergy or headaches when you can find the cause through controlling air flow in the home,� he said. “People treat the symptoms, but not the cause.� But too much air leaking into a house creates a waste of energy. Thirty to 40 percent of energy leakage in a home is through leaks in air ducts, Lera said. The audit team also checks lighting in the house, to ensure the house is lit sufficiently, but not too much. Most Americans use up to five times more lighting than they actually need,� Lera said. “You can only get so much light per square foot.� Part of the auditing process is educating the client, Lera said. “If they’re not looking at conservation matters, it’s not going to have an impact,� he said. Lera said an energy audit can reduce consumption of water and electricity as well as natural gas, heating oil or propane. It also checks the efficiency of each system. To be effective, any recom-

mended energy-saving measures must be practical and comfortable for the occupant to use. “If you’re not comfortable with any measure, you’re not going to use it,� Lera said. “It’s kind of like that gift that you hate. You say, ‘Thank you so much,’ then toss it into a gift you give someone else next year.� It also must be implemented comprehensively. “If one piece of a system is addressed and the rest isn’t, you might as well save yourself the money. It has to be addressed as a system, including the owner,� he said. “You take care of a home in a very purposeful, scientific manner. You look at all the areas that can cause a home to deteriorate or fall apart. Clients tend to listen. Efficiency is far more than just an energy bill.� Lera said the people he trained here this year now are skilled, certified building analysts. “You’ve got guys that are capable and willing to do the work,� he said.

?fd\ \e\i^p Xl[`kj1 ;fZkfiËj Z_\Zblgj ]fi X _flj\ 8ggc`XeZ\ i\YXk\j XmX`cXYc\ `e Npfd`e^ JLJ8E Q<MFE For The Associated Press

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or damp, and if you suffer from allergies or just from high energy bills, you should do a home energy audit. You also should do one on any house you are considering buying.

im Alexander, a real estate agent in Atlanta, decided this summer to subject his own 11-year-old house to an energy ?FN KF GIF:<<; audit. You can perform a simple “If this was something I was going to recommend to my cli- home energy audit yourself, ents I wanted to see for myself but you will need a professional how it works,� he says. His ver- for a thorough assessment that dict: “Home energy audits are includes heating and cooling going to change the way we buy systems. Begin with a diligent walkand sell houses in America.� Alexander hired the company through of your house, keeping Retrofit America to conduct a checklist of areas you have inthe audit, which showed that by spected and problems you find. The Energy Star spending about website offers a $3,000 — $700 checklist, or for of it covered by Fe K_\ E\k1 more guidelines government rennn%\e\i^pjkXi%^fm read “Do-It-Yourbates — he could nnn%^i\\ec`m`e^^lp%Zfd self Home Energy save several hunnnn%i\kif]`kXd\i`ZX%Zfd Audits� (McGrawdred dollars a nnn%\e\i^pjkXi%^fm Hill, 2010). month in energy nnn%\e\i^pjXm\ij%^fm To get startcosts. nnn%i\je\k%lj ed, Chandler von Some of the nnn%i\Zlim\%Zfd Schrader, national recommendamanager of Home tions were as Performance with simple as putting a latch on the attic door so that it Energy Star, recommends going online to complete the Energy would not swing open. “The auditors not only brought Star Home Energy Yardstick, in all the latest equipment and which lets you compare your computer technology but they household’s energy use to others and get recommendations for also used their eyes,� he says. Home energy audits are like improvement. The yardstick is doctors’ checkups for the house, intended just to give you a gensays Seith Leitman, who blogs as eral idea, not a thorough audit. the Green Living Guy and con<8JP =@O<J sults on McGraw Hill’s series Some simple steps to start “Green Guru Guides.� And just as you need to follow a doctor’s conserving energy at home inadvice to get healthier, so you clude replacing incandescent need to follow an audit’s recom- lighting with energy efficient, mendations and retrofit your fluorescent lighting in the room you use most. house if you want to see savings. Other quick fixes may include The federal government’s Energy Star Web site, Energystar. replacing old appliances with gov, says the audits are the first Energy Star Appliances. Check step in making a home more ef- the Energy Star website for ficient, comfortable and healthy. products that have earned that If your home is too hot in sum- label. Beware of some other popular mer, too cold in winter, drafty

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quick fixes. Windows, for example, cost a lot, and new ones will not provide energy savings if they are not properly installed with caulking, and if leaks in rooms are not sealed.

K?< :FDGI<?<EJ@M< 8L;@K Von Schrader warns against cheap energy audits conducted by someone trying to sell you something. “Houses are complex and require comprehensive solutions,� he says. “You should look at a house in a holistic fashion. If you do just one thing you may throw others off. For example, sealing off drafts in an attic may cause humidity buildup in other parts of the house.� A complete energy audit requires specialized equipment, says Matt Golden, president and founder of Recurve Inc., a San Francisco-area company that helps homeowners increase energy efficiency. That equipment includes blower doors that measure the extent of leaks in the building, infrared cameras that reveal areas of air infiltration and missing insulation, and duct blasters that use pressure testing to find leaks in a duct system.

ing heating and cooling systems and water heaters; substituting windows, doors or appliances; and adding renewable energy systems, such as solar panels.

:FJKJ The average cost of retrofitting a house once it has been audited is $8,000 to $10,000, according to Von Schrader, and it is not always advisable to go with the lowest estimate. “Work done correctly often costs more,� he says. Fortunately, there are programs to offset the costs. Some state energy programs and utilities offer rebates, which require accredited home-energy auditors and contractors to do the work. A federal energy tax credit of $1,500 is available until the end of this year. Providing rebates to consumers to encourage energyefficiency upgrades is also part of energy legislation making its way through Congress.

CASPER (AP) — The State Energy Office encourages Wyoming residents to take advantage of appliance rebates for energy efficient purchases in preparation for winter. Wyoming’s Appliance Rebate program provides $250 rebates for ENERGY STAR-rated furnaces. In addition, a federal tax credit of up to $1,500 may be available for consumers

who install energy efficient items, such as furnaces, by the end of the year. Heather Tupper of the State Energy Office says newer, energy efficient furnaces use less energy and save homeowners money over time. Details regarding eligibility and how to participate are available on the program website at www.wyomingrebates.com or at 1-877-50-REBATE.

www.powelltribune.com

J<C<:K@E> 8E 8L;@KFI Von Schrader suggests hiring energy auditors approved by the Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) or the Building Performance Institute (BPI), which set national standards. Companies like Retrofit America and Recurve promise one-stop service for homeowners, from the audit to financing to completing the home improvements and verifying the work is done right. Retrofits may include air sealing and insulation; duct work; replac-

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t’s a dream in progress,� said Kevin Schilthuis, owner of Fort Causeway, an Old Weststyle fort structure that serves as his family’s home and a tourist hostel. It’s six miles east of Lovell on U.S. 14-A. As the Causeway business card says, it’s “an American West hostel and campground.� The Big Horn Mountains stand like serene neighbors in the background and the abundant blue sky is like a kindly, supine welcome mat to the hostel. Kevin and his wife, Keri, operate one hostel room that is more like a deluxe suite, four recreation vehicle sites and will board horses, too. The house is huge. Thickly insulated concrete walls cleverly disguised as logs and stanchions like pointed vertical timbers make it look formidable. But it’s a friendly place. Kevin, from Ontario, and Keri, from Colorado, have been there three years and are also offering agri-tourism. Two draft horses munch hay. Folks will have the opportunity to hitch them to a plow and till the soil. The Schilthuises are inviting people to be a part of the farm experience, he said. It was a struggle to get the bentonite-hard soil ready for crops. The water table was at six inches beneath the surface, but Kevin installed drains. Now the water table is six feet down on his 80 acres, he said, like a farmer proud of his land. He leads the way to a deck, a

good story above the plain. It’s like a humongous observation post with more of the pointed posts circling the patio as though to protect the citadel from usurpers. It’s safe at the moment. Caleb Schilthuis, 7, pedals his tricycle round and round. A few toys scattered about suggest the terrace gets plenty of use. Another set of stairs leads to a watchtower. It is a watchtower. The watcher can survey the alluring land from windows facing north, south, east and west. Caleb, assistant tour guide, takes a break in a hammock-type chair, then starts whacking balls on a foosball table. It does resemble a sturdy fortress as any passing motorist could attest, but watching Caleb, and his sister, Jenna, 5, go a round of foosball, it certainly has a family feeling. Horse-drawn farm equipment dots the yard and the robust horses replace the quintessential green John Deere tractors. Kevin said more and more people want to work with draft horses. He said the Amish build horse-power farm equipment, some of it features power take off, triggered by equines. Kevin next leads the way to the hostel. It is spacious and walls are paneled with beautiful pine tongue and groove planks. “And,� said Caleb, “that’s the laundry room behind the door.� There is a kitchen, bathroom, a living room area and three bedrooms. The Schilthuises hope to attract folks looking for a nice room at the amiable price of $25 a head.

They are marketing the place through hostel search engines. No one has used the hostel yet, and the land went fallow this year, he said. Thirty-something Kevins’ building contractor business helps make ends meet, but he said people should grasp the brass ring without delay. “I think we’re supposed to live out our dreams now, not when the bills are paid and the kids are in college,� Kevin said. The Schilthuises have two other children, Ellie, 2, and Luke, who was celebrating his first birthday the day The Powell Tribune stopped by for a visit. Since the Schilthuises have

been there, neighbors have brought them fruit and vegetables, Keri said. They plan to sell fruit and vegetables in the future. The Schilthuises are Christians. With hard work, good neighbors and their faith, things are working out for the young couple and their children. “We wouldn’t be here without him (God),� Keri said. “‘To God be the glory,’� Kevin Schilthuis said, quoting an old hymn. Check out Fort Causeway on the web at http://www.fortcauseway.com.

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blank wall is like an invitation to hang pictures or other wall decor to enhance a home’s aesthetic environment. But, for many, doing that is a trial-and-error process filled with frustration and ending in limited success. One nail after another is pounded in the wall, only for the do-it-yourselfer to realize a picture still isn’t in the right spot, it isn’t level or it still doesn’t line up with another one — or that the arrangement doesn’t look as good on the real wall as it did on the envisioned one. For those people, Lucille Oliver of Lucille’s Carefee Designs comes to the rescue with the following advice about arranging photos, paintings and other wall decor. • Hang pictures at eye level, about 5 1/2 feet from the floor. If the art work is going above something like a table or a sofa, it should hang so that the bottom of the frame is 8 to 12 inches above the top of the furniture. • Avoid hanging two equallysized pictures side by side, as the viewer’s eye tends to get confused and look between the frames instead of at the pictures. Instead, hang them on separate walls, hang one above the other, or better yet, put a larger picture above a smaller one to add visual interest. • If a horizontal arrangement is desired, add another picture to make a row of three. They can all be the same size, or the center frame could be larger. • Do not stair-step pictures

on a wall unless they are on the wall of a stairway, as the eye tends to climb the steps rather than dwelling on the art work. • Vertical paintings or mirrors, or vertical arrangements of smaller frames, tend to give lift to a room. • A nearly floor-to-ceiling picture arrangement can be visually appealing. Start the arrangement about 10 inches below the ceiling, end about 2 feet above the floor. • Surround a tall piece of furniture with a series of related, same-sized pictures along the top and sides to create a striking focal point in a room. • Before driving a nail in a wall, mark the spot with an X of masking tape to keep paint and plaster from crumbling. For her finale, Oliver suggests a bit of common-sense magic for do-it-yourself decorators looking for a way arrange a grouping of photos or artwork on a wall. • Start by taping lengths of rolled paper, such as newsprint, butcher paper or brown wrapping paper, together until the paper is the size of the wall space you want the grouping to occupy. • Working on the floor, place your pictures on the paper until you’re pleased with the arrangement. • Trace around the frames and mark the exact spots where the nails will go once the pictures are hung. • Tape the marked paper on the wall and drive the nails right through the paper. • Take the paper down, hang the pictures in their respective places and enjoy your wall arrangement.

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early all the furnishings in Mike and Mary Brownell’s home in Powell came from yard and garage sales. Her house is proof that, done with taste and selection, shopping at garage sales can provide a pleasant home environment. “I’ve always yard saled,� Mary Brownell said. “You look at this house, and very few things are not from a yard sale.� In the living room, furniture with bamboo legs and frames are accented by an attractive wicker drawer set, which adds functionality and serves as stand for a plant and a photograph. In the dining room, a wicker love seat sits against the wall at the end of the table. Round wicker baskets stand nearby. Brownell had some of the furniture reupholstered by Sandy Fetzer to replace its worn covers with new fabric that complements the other furnishings. Even with reupholstery costs, doing that still was cheaper than buying the furniture at a store, she said. A bouquet of red and white silk flowers sitting prominently on a shelf between the living room and dining room of the home cost only $1, but adds a colorful splash of decor to both rooms. Glass-encased shelves on either side of the bouquet display decorative dishes and collectibles, most of which also came

from yard sales. In both rooms, bouquets of silk sunflowers bring cheerful touches to the decor. Brownell sometimes embellishes her yard-sale finds, such as adding sea shells to the frame of a decorative wall clock. One framed piece of art on her kitchen wall obviously was created by a child. Although Brownell doesn’t know who the child artist was, she couldn’t resist the charming drawing.

Some of the artwork on Brownell’s walls came already framed; Brownell had other pieces framed by Bonnie Jensen. Each of the home’s three bedrooms — the master bedroom downstairs and two bedrooms upstairs — is furnished with a bed, something to sit on (a chair or a day bed) and end tables, with art work providing a finishing touch. While the mattresses didn’t come from yard

sales, some of the bed frames did. And, as a parting touch for visitors, Brownell has decorated the inside of a windowsill by the living room door with tiny figurines, such as inchworms, hedge hogs, a rabbit and a turtle, interspersed with polished rocks and a seashell or two. That display is a family tradition, she said. “We always have a nature trail.�

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9Xebj lec`b\cp kf hl\cc ]fi\Zcfjli\$[fZld\ek d\jj widely criticized as inadequate. The White House has said federal agencies are investigating the allegations of flawed foreclosure documents. But the Obama administration has rebuffed calls for a national halt to foreclosures. It says doing so could hurt the housing market by making it harder for buyers of foreclosed homes to complete their transactions.

WASHINGTON (AP) — Big lenders are trying to move past the foreclosure-document mess, saying they’re now confident their paperwork is accurate. Yet they face so much organized resistance that they can’t just snap up their briefcases, declare the crisis over and move on. Consider the opposition: — Attorneys general in all 50 states are jointly investigating whether lenders violated state laws. — Lawyers for evicted homeowners are preparing lawsuits against major lenders. — State judges have signaled they will review the banks’ foreclosure documents with skepticism. — Lawmakers on Capitol Hill plan to hold hearings. The document crisis, in other words, appears far from over. Statements recently by Bank of America Corp. and GMAC Mortgage that they are resuming foreclosures in the 23 states that require a judge’s approval brought a wave of denunciations from public officials. Attorneys general and other officials said bank officials could face civil — and potentially criminal — charges for flouting court procedures in handling foreclosure documents. Hundreds of judges around the country have the authority to penalize bank officials who violate their procedural rules. They could also force thousands of foreclosure cases to go to full trials rather than issue a quick ruling. Judges won’t take well to banks that filed erroneous documents with their courts, said Indiana Attorney General Greg Zoeller. “There could be some serious consequences,� including criminal charges, Zoeller said.

ĂŠKiXj_\[Ă‹ ]fi\Zcfjli\j jgXne ZfdgcX`ekj `e >`cc\kk\ K_`j Gfn\cc _fd\ `j Xdfe^ j\m\iXc gifg\ik`\j `e GXib :flekp Zlii\ekcp c`jk\[ `e ]fi\Zcfjli\ `e c\^Xc i\Zfi[j% Ki`Yle\ g_fkf Yp Al[p B`cc\e Even if there aren’t, lawsuits are likely to continue for years, said Guy Cecala, publisher of trade publication Inside Mortgage Finance. “Some of these plaintiffs’ attorneys clearly smell blood in the water,â€? Cecala said. Bank of America and GMAC say they have yet to find mistakes in the documents they’ve reviewed so far. The banks’ decisions came several weeks after they began halting some foreclosures. They froze those cases amid allegations that their employees signed but didn’t read documents that may have contained errors. State officials argue that the systems the banks used to pro-

cess foreclosures were inherently flawed and likely remain so. They are vowing to push ahead in their investigations. “While they are telling us that they have fixed those problems, we can’t just take their word for it,� said Patrick Madigan, an assistant attorney general in Iowa who is spearheading the 50-state investigation. “We intend to independently verify whether the problems have been fixed.� Some judges say the document problems persist. Justice Arthur Schack of State Supreme Court in Brooklyn, who’s gained national attention for throwing out flawed foreclosure cases, said he’s still finding errors. In a stack of foreclosure

cases sitting on his desk, he said he found flaws in most of them after a 10-minute once-over. “It’s nice of Bank of America to issue a press release,� Schack said. “But they’d better file all their paperwork and makes sure it’s done correctly, because they’re asking me to take someone’s house away.� Bank of America says it will begin next week to refile documents for more than 100,000 foreclosure cases. CEO Brian Moynihan said on a conference call last wekk employees who have reviewed the bank’s documents have found no inaccurate information that “would affect the plain facts of the foreclosure.� Attention will shift next month

Jf pfl Yfl^_k X ]fi\Zcfj\[ _fd\% Efn n_Xk6 chaser with title insurance and no more likely to seek a large check knowledge of any irregularities in than a return to a house with an the transaction, courts are going outsized debt. The situation is murkier for to be extremely loath to set aside the sale,â€? says Diane Thompson, people who bought their homes an attorney with the National with cash and didn’t bother with title insurance. The issue of who Consumer Law Center. This new twist to the foreclo- has proper title in that situation sure crisis is no trivial matter for could be uncertain. “It is not clear, which is why the growing number of people the banks have imposed their own buying homes out of foreclosure. The foreclosure listing ser- moratoriums on foreclosure,â€? vice RealtyTrac Inc. says nearly says CEO Tim Dwyer of Entitle 250,000 homes sold from April Direct Group, the holding comto June, or 24 percent, were in pany for EnTitle Insurance Co., an Ohio title foreclosure. In insurer. “PoNevada, it was 56 tentially, you percent. Arizona ĂŠ8epfe\ n_fĂ‹j face a legal was next with 47 percent and Cali- gliZ_Xj\[ X ]fi\Zcfj\[ battle in that situation.â€? fornia third with gifg\ikp `e k_\ cXjk Analysts 43 percent. expect the The cost of title k_i\\ p\Xij j_flc[ sudden quesinsurance var- i\Xccp Y\ ZfeZ\ie\[%Ă‹ tions to lead ies but is often George Babcock to a flurry roughly 0.5 perProvidence, R.I., attorney of claims on cent of the morthomes now in gage. Premiums the hands of are expected to rise as title companies brace for other people, some spurred by lawyers trying to capitalize on the new claims. A homeowner with title insur- uncertainty. “Lawyers who represent homance shouldn’t have to worry if the previous owner stakes a claim eowners in foreclosure are going to the home. Even a successful to see an explosion in demand,â€? claim, experts say, would end up said Tom Lawler, an independent with the title company settling housing economist in Virginia. In with the evicted homeowner — most cases, he noted, “it’s unlikely that the foreclosure will actunot the buyer — out on the curb. If they failed to make payments ally be reversed and the title will repeatedly, evicted homeowners revert to the original borrower. might not be able to afford their But it’s possible.â€? Babcock says his phones have old homes anyway, something a judge would consider. They’re been ringing off the hook with

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t seemed too good to be true: You bought a house in foreclosure at a fraction of the former price. Maybe you even knocked out a wall or two and remodeled with all the money you saved. But now thousands of foreclosures around the U.S. may be invalid because of bank paperwork problems. Should you worry? “Anyone who’s purchased a foreclosed property in the last three years should really be concerned,� says George Babcock, a Providence, R.I., attorney who represents homeowners who have been foreclosed on. “They should call the attorney that did their closing and say, ‘Hey, do I have a problem?’� Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase and other major lenders have frozen tens of thousands of foreclosures in some states while they review the paperwork for errors or mishandling. Homeowners have several questions to ask. But first, experts say, they should make sure they have title insurance, which protects the homebuyer from any claim on the property that surfaces after the deal has closed. Those claims can arise from unpaid taxes or legal glitches in ownership documents. Most lenders require people who take out mortgages to buy a policy. For those paying cash, it’s optional but advisable, especially now. “If you’re a bona fide pur-

calls from people who were foreclosed on and want to know if he can get their houses back. “I’m not saying that all of the titles are toxic,� he says. “But many, many, many are.� Mark Stopa, a Tampa, Fla., lawyer who represents hundreds of homeowners facing foreclosure, contends perhaps a quarter of cases have title problems that merit challenges. So if you’re the new owner of a foreclosed property and worried, what should you do? First, check to make sure you have a title policy and the title is clear, which means there are no liens against the property and the ownership is clearly established. The fee to have a title search conducted should be $35 to $100, said Jason Biro, a 14-year veteran of the mortgage industry who runs the consumer advocacy firm Saving Your American Dream. If no problems surface, you may still want to run another title search every six months or so if you are interested in selling anytime soon, given the current confusion, Biro says. If you’ve had the property four years or so, it should be OK, Stopa says. Many states provide protections for those who bought in good faith, said Biro — essentially anyone who wasn’t trying to exploit flaws in the foreclosure system. The buyer of a foreclosed property should be able to fend off a title-related claim, although it could mean significant legal expenses.

to Capitol Hill, where House and Senate lawmakers have scheduled hearings. Rep. Maxine Waters, D-Calif., said she was “disappointed by Bank of America’s rush to resume foreclosures after such a short review.� Waters has introduced legislation that would bar lenders from foreclosing without offering homeowners any assistance. Consumer advocates and some lawmakers, meanwhile, argue that banks need to do far more than refile and re-sign piles of flawed documents. They say the banks must correct the way they handle foreclosures and requests for aid from distressed homeowners. Those efforts have been

GILLETTE (AP) — Officials in Gillette say they’ve been seeing a rise in complaints about foreclosed houses in the city. The biggest problem now is overgrown lawns at homes that are now owned by banks. City code and compliance inspector Amy Smith says some homes have also been trashed on the inside. Inspectors try to find the bank that owns the home to ask them to check it out and seal it up. The Gillette News Record reports that inspectors have responded to 30 or more homes across the city over the summer. Smith says every subdivision has at least one foreclosed home. She expects complaints to go down during the winter, when snow covers up overgrown yards.

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adon is invisible, odorless and tasteless, and it may be invading your home and threatening your health. Radon, the product of the radioactive decay of uranium, is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the U.S, and the leading cause in non-smokers, causing as many as 20,000 deaths each year. It is present all over the United States, and is a problem about one in 15 homes in many parts of the country. In Park County, the chances are even greater that radon is present in a home. As many as 40 percent of homes in the county have problem levels of the gas, which enters a home through cracks in the foundation, from the dirt floor of a crawl space, and sometimes through well water.. The level of radon in a building is measured in picocuries per liter (pC/L), and ideally, the air in a building should have a reading of 2 pC/L. If the level is 4 pC/L or higher, the Environmental Protection Agency recommends recommends taking action to reduce the levels, and in Park County, the average level is estimated to be 4.7 pC/L. Clayton Crawford of Crawford Home Inspections in Cody said he believes high levels of radon are possible county-wide, but the distribution is uneven. “There are certain neighborhoods where we know levels are likely to be high,� Crawford said. Crawford said most of the testing he does is on homes involved in real estate transactions at the request of buyers, so he can’t say for sure how serious the problem is overall, but he estimates that of the homes he tests, about 25 percent have levels above 4 pC/L. But Crawford said Park County residents

don’t seem to be very concerned about the problem, perhaps because people tend to mistrust the Environmental Protection Agency. Powell Building Official William Petersen said he doesn’t know how serious the problem is in Powell because the city has no building regulations concerning radon. Consequently, he doesn’t have access to test results. Whether your home is susceptible to radon is a matter of the geology under the home, and Petersen said that in Park county the geology can vary considerably within a small area, so one home may have radon problems while a neighboring home may not. Homeowners concerned about radon may purchase a short-term test kit online from the Wyoming Radon Program. The kit may be ordered on the Internet at www.wyoming. radon.com, or by calling 1-800-247-2435 ext. 1. The kit costs $6.95, and currently, the program has a buy one, get one free offer. The kit is placed in the home for 3 to 7 days, and then returned to the address provided. The directions for the test should be followed carefully. Ray Arey of Thermopolis, who is certified by the EPA to perform

testing, said he recommends using two kits simultaneously and averaging the results. According to the EPA, if the test reads higher than 4 pC/L, a followup short term test or a long-term test lasting several days or more should be completed. Arey said that radon levels can vary widely during the year, and are generally higher in the winter when the home is closed in. Weather can also affect radon levels. He recommends taking short-term tests at three-month intervals through the year. If the average radon level in your home is m o r e than 4 pC/L, the EPA recommends taking steps to reduce it. The type of mitigation required will vary depending on the home, and the EPA recommends consulting a contractor who is trained to fix radon problems. A pamphlet, “A Citizen’s Guide to Radon,� is available on the Internet at epa.gov/ radon/pubs/citiguide.html., and may be downloaded in pdf form. The pamphlet is also available at the Cooperative Extension Service office at the Park County fairgrounds or in the Park County Courthouse. The Wyoming State radon office may be contacted at 800-458-5849 or 307-777-6015. Other sources of information are the website wyomingradon.com and the radon information center at radon.com.

Lj\[ Yl`c[`e^ dXk\i`Xcj X _`k Xdfe^ _fd\ `dgifm\ij (AP) — It took Brian Koehl about a year to buy the materials to build a backyard greenhouse. Koehl, a master gardener from Waller, Texas, bought secondhand windows and doors to construct the building that houses his roses and vegetables. Using old materials saved him money, and added interest to the structure. “I really liked the look of using old windows,� he said. “It met all of my needs.� Many homeowners are considering using secondhand items for home-improvement projects. “The interest keeps growing,� said Justin Green, program director for Build It Green NYC, in New York City. “The No. 1 driver is you can save a lot of money. The No. 2 is people are interested in being green.� Used building supplies can cost 50 percent to 90 percent less than new, said Shane Endicott, executive director of the Rebuilding Center in Portland, Ore. Large cities, including Seattle, Los Angeles and Austin, Texas, have stores that sell used building materials, such as lumber, kitchen cabinets, lighting fixtures and sinks. Many stores are operated by Habitat for Humanity, which sells donated goods to raise money to build houses (using new materials) for low-income families.

Cfn$`eZfd\ _fd\fne\ij dXp Xggcp ]fi ^iXekj Big Horn Basin homeowners may qualify for grants designed to repair or improve housing for low-income residents. In Wyoming, Northwest Community Action Programs of Wyoming has been selected to receive $50,000 under the USDA’s Rural Development’s Housing Preservation Grants Program. These funds will be used to provide very-low income homeowners with the means to repair and rehabilitate

their homes to correct health and safety problems. Homeowners in Park, Big Horn, Hot Springs Washakie counties may apply for the grants, which will provide assistance to at least eight households. Funding is contingent upon the recipient meeting the terms of the grant agreement. Housing Preservation Grants are provided through the U.S. Department of Agriculture to intermediaries such as town

or county governments, public agencies, federally recognized Indian tribes, and non-profit and faith-based organizations. Those groups or agencies then distribute the grants to homeowners or owners of multifamily rental properties or cooperative dwellings who rent to low- and very-low-income residents. The grants may be used to make general repairs such as installing or improving plumbing or providing or

enhancing access to people with disabilities. Funds can also be used to weatherize and make homes more energy-efficient. Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack selected 163 recipients in 50 states and the commonwealth of Puerto Rico for grants to repair and improve housing for low- and very-low-income rural residents. “USDA and the Obama administration are working to ensure that rural homeowners

have safe, sanitary, energyefficient places to live,� Vilsack said. “USDA’s assistance is often combined with funding from community organizations and non-profit groups to help people make needed repairs.� Through its Rural Development mission area, USDA administers and manages more than 40 housing, business and community infrastructure and facility programs through a network of 6,100 employees located

Some resale shops also operate businesses that tear down old buildings to salvage as much material as possible. “Our goal is to be competitive with the wrecking ball,� said Tom Longstreth, executive director of ReSOURCE, a nonprofit that offers deconstruction services and sells used building materials in Burlington, Vt. “It really is a win-win. There’s a huge volume we are able to keep out of landfills.� Karen and Bradford “Skip� Hardy routinely find materials they could not normally afford at ReSOURCE. Past purchases have included bathroom faucets and windows. “We seem to get lucky. We get there at the right time,� Bradford Hardy said. “In a good year, we spend $8,000 to $10,000.� Pam Kueber of Retrorenovation.com hears from lots of secondhand-goods shoppers who have found creative uses for old building materials and household products. “This is something you do out of joy and creativity as much as utility and frugality,� said Kueber. The growth in the number of stores around the country has made it possible for more people to consider used materials, she said. In the past, she added, it was mostly people restoring old homes and looking for items from a specific era who were drawn to used items.

in the nation’s capital and 500 state and local offices. These programs are designed to improve the economic stability of rural communities, businesses, residents, farmers, and ranchers and improve the quality of life in rural America. Rural Development has an existing portfolio of more than $142 billion in loans and loan guarantees. More information about USDA Rural Development and its programs may call (307) 233-6700 (the Wyoming State Office) or visit its web site: http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/ wy/ http://www.rurdev.usda. gov/wy/.

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he soft, pinkish red of Kousa dogwood fruits, some still hanging on trees, does hint at luscious flavor. Some people see their shape as something like a combination of strawberry and raspberry, which adds to the appeal. But doesn’t that shape — a studded sphere — look more like a medieval weapon than a strawberry or raspberry? Yes, the fruits are edible, but they aren’t very palatable. They have a rubbery skin over mealy, just slightly sweet flesh. I suggest enjoying the fruits only with thine eyes. In fact, enjoy the whole tree with thine eyes, for it is among the prettiest of trees. The Kousa dogwood has something to offer in every season. First, it is the fruits; then in autumn it’s the color of the leaves as they turn a deep red. Winter will highlight the neat form of the plant, upright when young and more spreading with age, in all growth stages

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branching down to ground level. Age also brings on a pleasant mottling of the bark, a jigsaw pattern of gray, tan and brown. Spring finds Kousa dogwood at its most dramatical beauty. It is then that the large, white blossoms — each up to 4 inches across — unfold in profusion from branches at the top of the tree right down to those near the ground. Kousa’s blossoms resemble those of its cousin, our native flowering dogwood. The four “petals” — botanically, they are bracts rather than petals — open creamy white, tapering to a point at their ends and, in the case of Kousa, turning pinkish as they age. The main difference in flowering between Kousa dogwood and our native flowering dogwood is timing. Kousa dogwood’s blossoms unfold two to three weeks after those of flowering dogwood, during that period of calm that follows the springtime burst of bloom from many trees and shrubs. The whole effect is different beyond mere timing, though,

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because Kousa’s leaves have also come out by the time the blossoms appear, so they lend a soft backdrop to the profuse show. In many ways, Kousa dogwoods, which come from Asia, have it over our native flowering dogwoods. While both trees enjoy similar acidic, moist, well-drained soils, Kousa dogwoods are more tolerant of less-than-perfect conditions. For best flowering, they do need a bit more sun than flowering dogwoods, though. Kousa dogwoods also are resistant to the anthracnose disease that plagues flowering dogwoods. And Kousa dogwoods stay in bloom longer, with their flowering season often stretching on for six weeks. More than 30 years ago, Elwin Orton at Rutgers University recognized that Kousa dogwoods and flowering dogwoods each had good things going for them, so he initiated a breeding program to combine the best qualities of both. What resulted was the Stellar Series of dogwoods, hybrids with characteristics intermedi-

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ate between the parents. Some of those varieties include early blooming Ruth Ellen, dwarf Star Dust and pink-flowered Stellar Pink. Of course, if what you want is later bloom, excellent disease resistance, a tree that branches right down to the ground, and a plant generally better adapted to cultivation, then go ahead and stick with pure Kousa dogwood. Even within this species, there are many varieties from which to choose. The Dwarf Pink variety sports pink blossoms on a tree growing only 9 feet tall. Branches of Elizabeth Lustgarten weep to the ground, while upright branches give Fanfare a narrow profile. A band of golden yellow is painted down the center of each leaf of Gold Star. And sure, you might even plant a variety of Kousa notable for its fruits. The variety National has particularly large ones, and those of Xanthocarpa are yellow. Go ahead and taste them if you must, but don’t expect much.

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ow is a good time of year to think “perennial” — which plants really are, and which ones could be. The word perennial, among gardeners, usually refers to an herbaceous (non-woody) flowering plant — that is, one whose roots live year after year but whose top dies down to the ground each winter. That sometimes reflects wishful thinking. For instance, lavender is a perennial. But winters in northern regions are often too frigid and wet for it, in which case lavender is not a perennial. If the plant is not done in by the end of its first winter, it’s surely done in by the end of its second. Delphinium and lupine are another two perennials that, in many areas, are not very perennial, often dying out in gardens after a few years. The problem is not winter cold but summer heat. Delphinium and lupine thrive in coastal, far northern and mountain gardens where summer temperatures never get searingly hot.

D8B@E> 8 G<I<EE@8C 9<?8M< C@B< FE< There are ways to eke additional years from plants like lavender, delphinium and lupine. For starters, give them sites and soils to their liking. Delphinium and lupine want a bit of summer shade to cool their heads (except where summers remain cool), and plenty of mulch around their roots. Lavender is happiest basking in sun in perfectly drained soil. Plant it on a wide mound, if necessary, for better drainage. Back the plant up against a south-facing wall, preferably a heat-retaining one of brick or stone, and you further increase its chances of survival where winters are frigid. Lavender likes soil high in lime. Delphinium prefers just slightly alkaline soil. and lupine likes its soil acidic. Care for these sometimesperennials doesn’t end with getting the site and soil just right. In areas with cold winters, further protect lavender by covering it with a loose mulch such as pine boughs or straw as soon as the surface of the ground has frozen about an inch deep. Delphinium and lupine also appreciate a bit

of protection in cold winters — in this case, with mulch around, but not on top, of the plants. In spite of your efforts, don’t be surprised to see the plants eventually die out. All is not lost even then. You could take stem cuttings and make young, new plants of any old plants that you want to keep going. In some cases, especially lupines, plants might drop seed and, if the site is to their liking, grow new plants themselves. Those baby seedlings will not necessarily grow up to give flowers exactly the same as the parent plant, though.

JFD< 8EEL8CJ 8I< G<I<EE@8C Many plants usually considered annuals over much of the country are actually perennials in warmer regions. Tomatoes and peppers are two. Given eternal warmth, they would just keep growing and growing. And you probably know that geraniums also can be perennial. They usually are grown as annuals, but the craggy, old plants often staring out from sunny shop windows, even sputtering forth a few red blooms in winter, attest to geraniums’ perennial nature. Petunia is another garden perennial usually treated as an annual. You occasionally hear of some gardener who digs up her petunia plants every fall, pots them up and sets them indoors in a sunny window to bloom all winter. Out the plants go again in spring, and so on, year after year. With a bit of help, many garden annuals that really are perennials can survive even frigid winters outdoors. Petunias are one, and the same can be said for snapdragons and pansies. In cold-winter regions, these plants have the best chance of survival when backed against a southfacing wall and given additional protection with mulch after the ground has frozen a bit. If snow accumulates where the plants sit, so much the better. Pansies, like lupines, are especially good at self-seeding, so a portion of next year’s plants might not be over-wintering plants but new, self-sown seedlings. Like those lupine seedlings, each pansy seedling will look different from its parents. Perhaps better, perhaps worse — in any case, different.

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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2010 POWELL TRIBUNE • PAGE 13

FALL HOME IMPROVEMENT

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See Red door, Page 14

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Above: Mickey Waddell’s living room is filled with unique features and antique pieces. With her cacti, warmly-colored leather furniture and Southwest-style textiles, the home has a distinct and aestheticallypleasing atmosphere. Above right: Patty pan squash grows in Waddell’s front-yard garden. With nice weather this autumn, the garden thrived.

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PAGE 14 • POWELL TRIBUNE TUESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2010

FALL HOME IMPROVEMENT

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Mickey Waddell talks about the stove that once belonged to her mother. The home’s kitchen had the perfect spot for the 1950s stove, which was one of Waddell’s deciding factors in buying the Absaroka Street home. Tribune photos by Kara Bacon

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» Interior g n i t n i a » Exterior P in Powell » Residential since 1969! » Commercial

139 N. Cheyenne Powell, Wyoming

754-4625

Charles Lewis inscribed his initials on the home’s chimney. Lewis, who served as Powell’s town marshal, was killed by Earl Durand in 1939.

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@ife [\]`Z`\eZp `e Xjg\e ki\\j ZXe Y\ d`k`^Xk\[ Quaking aspen (Populus tremuloidess) is a hardy Wyoming native tree often used as an ornamental. Aspen prefer neutral to acid soil in sunny locations with plenty of organic matter and moisture. Mature aspen may be 15 to 20 feet tall. Many aspen trees in Powell have been yellow all summer. Most likely, this is due to iron deficiency. Iron is taken up by plants and used in the formation of chlorophyll that makes leaves green. Iron deficiency signs include yellow leaves with green veins, twig dieback, or branch or tree death. Iron deficiency is referred to as “interveinal chlorosis” or “iron chlorosis.” Most soil iron is unavailable to plants, especially in alkaline soils such as in the Powell area. Soils that are poorly aerated, low in organic matter, or high in zinc or manganese contribute to the problem as well. Tree health may be improved by aerating the lawn near trees, watering lawns only as needed on Powell’s clay soil, applying composted organic matter or granulated sulfur around trees and making applications of iron sulfate to leaves. Aeration of lawns improves drainage and oxygen supply to plant roots. Irrigating Powell’s clay soil every day will result in saturated and compacted conditions unfavorable for trees and turf. Irrigate sections of the lawn on a rotating schedule. Organic matter such as aged manure or compost contains compounds that enhance the availability of iron. Incorporate organic matter into soil around a newly planted tree. Spread composted organic matter beginning 4 to 6 inches away from the trunk of the tree out to the “drip line,” or edge of the canopy. Iron deficiency is difficult to correct with soil applied amend-

ments over the long term. Granular sulfur — that lowers the pH of the soil and makes more iron available to the iron plant — can be applied two to three times a year. Iron deficiencies in trees are generally treated with foliar iron sulfate spray applications or with injections of iron sulfate directly into the trunk and limbs. A single

foliar application may alleviate mild symptoms. Repeated applications every seven to 10 days may be required to correct more severe symptoms. An iron sulfate spray solution suitable for trees is a 2 percent solution applied at the rate of 15 to 30 gallons/acre. Synthetic chelates, available in garden stores, are also widely used in foliar applications.

=Xcc `j X ^i\Xk k`d\ kf k_`eb XYflk jgi`e^ gcXek`e^ Choosing the right tree to plant can be frustrating. Although you wouldn’t normally think of fall as a good time to ponder tree choices, it can be a very informative opportunity to help you decide what tree is right for you. Don’t be tempted to choose a tree that is popular with a friend or neighbor or one that is beautiful at different elevations or in another state. The Rocky Mountain region can be a tough growing environment for trees. Take a drive through the community, then through your neighborhood. Take a stroll through a local park. Meet with your local forester or an ISA certified arborist. Ask yourself several questions while checking out the local trees. Are there any trees with leaves that

seem to be curling or discolored? Which trees have leaves that do not appear to have signs of insects on them? What is the tree’s shape? How healthy does it appear? Will this tree provide the most shade for my home, and where should it be planted? How much maintenance is required and what considerations are there for keeping this species of tree healthy? How big will this tree get when it matures? Different species of trees provide very different functions in your landscape. Height, width, flower, fall color, fruit and seed drop are all basic factors to consider while choosing the right tree for the right place. Looking at trees in the fall can give you a great picture of which tree species have been able to

handle strong winds, spring snows, summer heat, and local soil conditions. If the tree looks good towards the end of the summer and into the fall, you might be clued in to an all-season winner. If you have questions or issues with trees, call an expert. Whether you have questions about the best tree to plant, or if you have trees that need to be removed or trimmed, a certified arborist will meet with you, discuss your questions, and work with you to determine a plan of action specifically designed to meet your needs. Not sure how to find a certified arborist? Contact the ISA-RMC at 303-7561815 or find us on the web at www.isarmc.org. Shiloh Hatcher is an ISA certified arborist and forester in Greeley, Colo.

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Here’s a promising get-richquick scheme for gardeners: It’s called vermiculture, or worm composting, and along with super-sizing crop yields, it cuts water bills, conditions soils and repels troublesome insects. “Vermiculture is a step up from working with the standard compost pile,” said Dorothy Benoy, who with her husband, Al, owns the Happy D Ranch Worm Farm at Visalia, Calif. “It takes a bit more management, but the returns are greater.” Earthworms spend most of their time reproducing, eating and excreting, which is where their “vermicastings,” or manure, comes in. Set them up for housekeeping in homemade tubs or specially made bins and you have the structure for a “wormery,” where the creatures will turn table scraps into a highly enriched organic soil amendment while expanding their population many times over. Worm castings contain five times the available nitrogen, seven times as much potash and one-and-a-half times more calcium than typical topsoil. You can buy the product commercially (a little more than $1 per pound for castings and $15 per gallon for worm tea, plus shipping) or do

it yourself. All you need is a well-ventilated container and some moistened bedding — usually shredded newspaper, computer paper or corrugated cardboard that can double as food. Add a pound or more of hungry worms (figure as much as $25 per pound, which works out to about 1,000 earthworms) and you’re in business. “One pound of worms can easily handle 3 pounds of waste per week,” Benoy said. Worm composting can be fun and easy, but it’s not simply a matter of digging up a few garden-variety night crawlers from your backyard, she said. “Night crawlers tend to be solitary and won’t reproduce in bins,” Benoy said. “Red worms (Wigglers or Eisenia foetida) are hardy, easy to handle and best for composting.” Worm bins can be placed in the home or out, but do best where air can circulate and temperatures are kept between 55 and 75 degrees. The operation is odor-free, but you can raise a stink by overfeeding or adding too much water. Worms like their surroundings about as damp as a squeezed sponge. “There shouldn’t be any smell coming from a worm bin except like from a rich, brown

dirt,” Benoy said. “The bin has gone anaerobic (without oxygen) if it stinks like rotten eggs. It’s not properly draining. There’s too much moisture. The bacteria will die.” Castings go farther when brewed up as worm tea. Scoop some into a net bag or pantyhose, drop that into a waterfilled container, add a dollop of molasses to nourish the bacteria, and then mix it for a day or so using an inexpensive aquarium air pump. “Worm tea is the strongest organic fertilizer there is,” said Curtis Thomsen, program manager for the Los Angeles County Smart Gardening Program. “It has a ton of good uses, but primarily as fertilizer, herbicide and compost. Worm compost and worm tea are a great one-two punch. They add bacteria to the soil, aid in root development, help get rid of fungus and mildew, enable you to cut back on watering, and get rid of pests like aphids and black flies.” Worm castings and worm tea can increase garden productivity anywhere from 20 percent to 200 percent, Thomsen said. “I’ve personally seen 12 tomato plants grow to a height of 12 feet and produce 200 pounds of tomatoes per bush,” he said.

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