BLDEACET Vijayapur Dept of Architecture
Sem : 4th Subject : Elective 2 ( Heritage Documentation) Subject Code: 18ARC48 C Submitted To Prof Akhila Havaragi Mam Prof Shruti Pant Mam
Submitted By Prajwal Kulkarni 2BL19AT018
Index 1
Heritage
11
Decorative Pattern (Swastik)
2
Types of Heritage
12
Decorative Pattern (Floral Patterns 1)
3
What is Heritage Documentation?
13
Decorative Pattern (Floral Patterns 2)
4
Introduction
14
Idols of Buddha with Different hand positions
5
Location
15
Strip of gometric and floral pattern
6
Dhamek Stupa
16
Live Images
7
History of Dhamek stupa
17
Biblography
8
Architecture of Dhamek Stupa
9
Signifificance of Dhamek Stupa
10
Decorative Patterns
Heritage • • •
Heritage is the full range of our inherited traditions, monuments, objects, and culture. Most important, it is the range of contemporary activities, meanings, and behaviors that we draw from them. Heritage includes, but is much more than preserving, excavating, displaying, or restoring a collection of old things. It is both tangible and intangible, in the sense that ideas and memories--of songs, recipes, language, dances, and many other elements of who we are and how we identify ourselves--are as important as historical buildings and archaeological sites.
Types of Heritage Tangible Heritage It includes buildings, monuments, landscapes, books, works of art, and artifacts The Sarnath Stupa Comes under the Tangible heritage which is an Historical monument
Intangible Heritage It includes folklore, traditions, language, and knowledge, and natural heritage (including culturally significant landscapes, and biodiversity).
What is Heritage documentation ? • The Book Titled “Documenting the Cultural Heritage”, published in 1998, it is stated that heritage documentation is “indispensable, for the purposes of identification, protection, interpretation, and physical preservation of movable objects, historic buildings, archaeological sites, and cultural landscapes. They occupy a significant place in all major international conventions relating to the protection of heritage.” • The best way to preserve collections is not only to preserve their physical integrity but also, and more importantly, to acquire in-depth knowledge of them and to be able to identify and interpret them correctly. • An object is adequately protected only if it is well documented. • Having information on collections is therefore essential for ensuring effective and efficient manage ment of cultural heritage. • An object can be properly understood and promoted only if it is adequately documented. • Information graphic showing the various reasons for document collection
• • • • • • • • • •
In short, proper documentation facilitates: identification of objects; recording and maintenance of the museum’s objects; access to the objects; object protection and preservation; access to information; updating of information; preservation of information. Adequate documentation promotes sound management and proper enhancement of the collection.
Intoduction 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Sarnath is situated at a distance of 8 km from Varanasi easily accessible by any conveyance. One of the most venerated Buddhist destinations, Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh state of India is considered one of the four prime destinations for Buddhist pilgrimage in India. Besides Buddhism, Sarnath is also connected with Jainism. The place where Lord Buddha had delivered his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, Sarnath is home to several tourist attractions that are worth visiting while on tour to Sarnath in Uttar Pradesh. The Monuments in Sarnath Uttar Pradesh rank prime among the manifold tourist attractions of the holy town. There are numerous Buddhist edifices and monuments in Sarnath Uttar Pradesh. These ancient architectural structures draw hoards of tourists to Sarnath from all around the world. The Monuments in Sarnath India are exemplary embodiments of the glorious architectural heritage of the ancient past. Ruins of these Sarnath monuments have continued to fascinate art lovers and pilgrims for centuries.
Location
Uttar pradesh
Sarnath
Varanasi
India
UttarPradesh
Varanasi
Dhamek Stupa 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Dhamekh Stupa is situated in Sarnath, near the Varanasi city of India. One of the most revered as well as most frequented Buddhist pilgrim sites in India; the stupa is cylindrical in shape. Dhamekha Stupa was built on the site where Lord Buddha preached his first sermon, after attaining Enlight ened in Bodh Gaya. The stupa is the most impressive as well as the most famous structures in Sarnath and is quite similar in its architecture to the stupas built during that period. The base of the stupa is more than 28 m in diameter and it rises to a height of 31.3 m.
Dhamek Stupa (1891)
1. Dhamek Stupa stands on a pedestal and has an entrance, which measures 43.6 m on its feet. 2. The stupa was initially founded during the Mauryan period and has been partly constructed out of red bricks and stones. 3. Colonel Cunningham of Royal British Army carried out the first excavation connected with the stupa, in the early 20th century. 4. Since that time, numerous digging expeditions have taken place in and around the same site. 5. The trunk of the Dhamekh Stupa stands adorned with decorative patterns.
History of Dhamek Stupa 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Following the parinirvana of Lord Buddha, His mortal remains after cremation were distributed and buried under 8 mounds and the embers and urn were placed under 2 other mounds making a total count of 10 such monuments consisting the relics of Lord Buddha. Although lack of proper information regarding such ancient monuments made it difficult to identify the original 10 mounds consisting of the relics of Lord Buddha, it appears that the Stupas at Sanchi and Sarnath are elaborative and decorative expansions of two such original mounds. Great Indian Emperor, Ashoka of the Maurya Dynasty who reigned over almost the entire Indian subcontinent from c. 268 to 232 BCE endeavoured in building several Stupas consisting of relics of Lord Buddha and His disciples across India in his pursuit to spread Buddhism. In 249 BCE he commissioned to build the Dhamek Stupa in Sarnath which was later reconstructed in 500 CE along with construction of various other structures in Sarnath. Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, translator and traveller Xuanzang visited Sarnath in 640 CE during which time he recorded the height
Architecture 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
This massive Stupa is cylindrical in shape and built with red bricks and stone with the lower part being entirely covered with aesthetically pleasing carved stones. Presumably the base of the Stupa dates back to the Ashokan period. Veneering sandstone encase the structure till the height of 11.2 m and niches facing 8 directions that possibly held images earlier are present. The stone facing under the niches are ornamented with fine floral carvings that manifest high level of craftsman ship on stone during the period of Gupta Dynasty. Brahmi script is etched on the wall of the Stupa along with magnificently sculpted floral and geometrical designs and figurines of birds and humans
Significance of the Place 1. History says after Lord Buddha attained enlightenment in Bodh Gaya, 2. He gave His first sermon to five disciples at this spot which throughout its long history has been variously known as Rishipattana, Isipatana, Mrigadava and Migadaya apart from the most popular name, Sarnath. 3. This famous event in the life of Lord Buddha is called the ‘Dharma Chakra Pravartana’ or setting the ‘Wheel of Law’ in motion. 4. According to sources, Lord Buddha visited Sarnath and while staying here he performed meditation. 5. Thus for Buddhists, this place marks as one of the four most sacred places associated with Lord Buddha with the other three being Lumbini, the site of birth; Bodhgaya, the site of enlightenment; and Kushinagar, the site of nirvana of Lord Buddha. 6. This place also marks the foundation of the first ‘Sangh’ that included Lord Buddha and around 60 monks among others. 7. The place became significant archeologically when in 1798 Mr. J. Duncan reported about a stone box that con tained a casket of green marble, which was exposed while the Dharmarajika Stupa was being dismantled by the workers of the Dewan of King Chet Singh of Benaras, Jagat Singh. Over time, several other excavation works were carried out in and around this structure. 8. One such initial excavation work unearthed a stone tablet which revealed that this Stupa is known as Dhamek which historians generally believe to be a distorted form of Dharma Chakra meaning turning the Wheel of Dharma.
Decorative patterns 1. The patterns include geometric and floral designs, along with a broad band of Swastka(fylfot). 2. The Swastika has been carved in different geometrical patterns, with a finely chiseled lotus wreath that runs over and below it. 3. It is said that, in the past, as many as 12 expansions have been carried out at the Dhame kh Stupa. 4. The main area of the Sarnath stupa has been enclosed and comprises of a maze of half-ruined monasteries and votive stupas, making it the most conspicuous tructure of the city.
Decorative patterns Band Of Swastka (Fylfot)
Decorative patterns Floral Patterns,1
Decorative patterns Floral Patterns,2
Idosl Of Buddha Buddha In Different hand positions
Decorative patterns Strip Of gometric and floral patterns
Live Images
Biblography
1. https://myoksha.com/dhamekh-stupa-sarnath/#:~:text=Dhamek%20Stupa%20is%20one%20of%20the%20most%20 visited,Stupa%20lies%20inside%20the%20Deer%20Park%20in%20Sarnath. 2. https://www.culturalindia.net/monuments/dhamekh-stupa.html 3. http://www.iloveindia.com/indian-monuments/dhamekh-stupa.html 4. https://www.tourmyindia.com/states/uttarpradesh/dhamek-stupa-sarnath.html 5. https://media.istockphoto.com/photos/buddhist-dhamek-stupa-in-sarnath-near-varanasi-india-picture-id96643188 6?k=6&m=966431886&s=170667a&w=0&h=5PKoqldrw7TF5QJ_1eCbP9pRH7IZN2QTByZee0CQ77c= 6. https://myoksha.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/dhamek.jpg 7. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.mdR0px--2MyzcT9gmaqEegHaIr?pid=ImgDet&rs=1 8. https://th.bing.com/th/id/OIP.Fy5Y_mBApxV1D1VqllN2_AHaFj?pid=ImgDet&rs=1 9. https://images.assettype.com/indynetwork%2F2020-05%2F30ff02ed-e3bc-471a-ad55-ddbd7eb8bacb%2FClose_up_ of_the_Dhamekh_stupa.jpg?w=1170
Thank You
