Architectural Por tfolio Prateek Wahi Application for Master of Science (Building Technology) +91 - 9636012652, prtkwh953@gmail.com
In my hometown, I often sit on the healthier environment. balcony and appreciate the serenity Sustainable of the surrounding landscape of is
undoubtedly
techniques to start mending the the field of Sustainable strategies
development wrongs of the past, and parallel to but would also be righteous towards
the
need
of that, we need to chalk out methods the profession. I strive to provide a
the Aravalli Hills. I usually enjoy the hour. However, it is also for integrating measures to ensure clean and healthy environment for
this moment of solitude, but I imperative to examine its impact a better future because it is rather the future generations and would have begun to fear that this joy is on
ephemeral. During my stay in Delhi, and
social,
cultural,
environmental
economic naive to imagine a future without a do my best by contributing in every
aspects
I got an insight into the gravity of sustainable development.
of present.
Design for people requires a multi-
the situation. I experienced, for the Practising sustainability with the faceted approach. Based on my
first time, what it was like to live in concern of depleting resources for understanding of the curriculum, a densely populated area with a future needs has overshadowed TU Delft offers a very conducive polluted environment.
the importance of educating and atmosphere for dialogue between
Rapid urbanisation is causing a preparing people for the present individual from different academic disbalance in the overall living scenario.
streams.
conditions in major cities, and I fear I believe that in the quest for I believe that, given an opportunity a similar fate for my hometown and utopia we tend to shy away from to study Master of Science with
other such places. This issue made the ground reality. Whereas, as Building Technology track, at the me ponder upon the right of the much as we need to think of the university, Iwould not only be able
future generations to a cleaner and future, we also need to develop to further expand my knowledge in
way possible.
01 We are Ayodha :
An integrated center for unity, Ayodhya, U.P. Thesis Project
02 Haat Bazar :
An open air craft market, Jaipur, Rajasthan Academic Project
03 Dissertation
Space Aesthetics
Research Thesis Project
04 House in Chitai
Residence for Keya and Jagat Rathore, Uttrakhand Professional Project
05 Research and Publications Professional Projects
Visual Training Aid Ready Reckoner for Rural Masons Rural Housing Prototypes Compendium for Rural Housing Technologies Smart Power for Rural Development Risk Information Tool for Smart Power for Rural Development
06 Bravura
Art Installations Hands on Workshops
We are Ayodhya An integrated center for unity 2015/X sem./Architectural Thesis Ayodhya/U.P./India Academic Work/Individual Guide : Prof. Archana S. Rathore asr@aayojan.edu.in Contribution : Entire project from setting project objectives, design concepts to final drawings, presentation and details.
Genesis of the Project : Aim of the project : 6 December 1992, ever etched in our memory as the day To protect the rich and complex past of Ayodhya, all of national shame, is now two decades old. presenting in a microcosm what our country has been like. The destruction of the Babri masjid at Ayodhya, raised basic questions about the strength of our secular fabric and our commitment to the rule of law. As the world around us fragments, we must demonstrate that faith and traditions of India, the culture nurtured on diversity and tolerance have the resilience to overcome aberrations like the December 6 incident. Presenting everything in a microcosm what Ayodhya has been like: ge lc v;ks/;k “we are all Ayodhya�, was therefore the title given to the project.
Need of the Project : The Project aims at creating a campus around the remains of the disputed land. The project proposed would be a creative conflict resolution between land resources and social use. It will serve as an educational resource for learners of all ages, and provide an opportunity for individuals to explore the part that history plays in contemporary life.
1949 An idol of Lord Rama mysteriously appeared inside the mosque 1949-1950 Locals Muslims opposed and both the communities filed the civil suit, the city magistrate attached the property and locked the gates but prayers continued. 1959 Religious Sect Nirmohi Akhara filed case claiming rights over the disputed land. 1984 VHP launched a temple construction movement from Bihar to Lucknow & reached Ayodhya for an oath taking ceremony
1990 Thousands of Kar sevaks gather in Ayodhya, the mosque is partially damaged and 30 people were killed in police firing. 6th Dec.1990 The Babri Masjid was demolished by Kar Sevaks (someone who offers services for free to a religious cause). Riots broke out all over India , leaving 1200 dead. 30th Sept. 2010 Final Court verdict. Land to be equally divided into 3 equal parts
It is ironic that a place which has a name of no war, has become the battle ground between two groups, two religions, two cultures, two civilizations, the recent past of 60 years and near past of 600 years. History of Ayodhya - Ayodhya also known as Saket. It is an ancient city of India, believed to be the birth place of Lord Ram and setting of the epic Ramayana. - It is adjacent to Faizabad city at the south end in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Ayodhya used to be the capital of the ancient Kosala Kingdom. -Ayodhya is a city of worship. Several religions have prospered simultaneously as well as at different periods. Elements of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Islam can be found in the city.
5000-500 YEARS AGO
1855 A Hindu priest filed a petition for building a temple next to the mosque but was denied the permission.
500 YEARS AGO
1853 First incident of violent conflict, which was tackled at then by the Nawab of Awadh, Wajid Ali Khan.
5000 YEARS AGO
7000 YEARS AGO
What does Ayodhya mean ? Time-line of Ayodhya “Ayodhya” comes from the word “AYUDHYA” Suryavansh Lineage which etymologically means “no war”. Suryavansh lineage were the builders
of Ayodhya, Ram was the 67th King of Ayodhya
Mahabharata Times Krishna’s sixth queen was the princess of Kosala dynasty for which Ayodhya was the capital. Brihadbala, descendant of Rama ruling from Ayodhya took part in the Kruskshetra war.
Traveler’s Account Various traveler’s traveled and stayed in Ayodhya like Gautam Buddh, Sant Gurunanak, etc.
Mughal Invasions Mir Baqi, general of Babar established his base in Ayodhya and destroyed many temples and built his own variety of structures.
1800
1528 Babri Masjid built by Mir Baqi at the behest of Mughal emperor Babur.
British Rule In 1857, the British annexed Awadh and subsequently merged it into United Provinces.
1900
Event Narration
National Movement Acharya Narendra dev, Khan were the people involved in the national Aswaquallah Khan was death in Faizabad Jail.
Aswaqullah who were movement. hanged till
5
The site: The Ayodhya dispute is a political, historical and socio-religious debate in India. The main issues revolve around access to a site traditionally regarded among Hindus to be the birthplace of the Hindu deity Rama, the history and location of the Babri Mosque at the site, and whether a previous Hindu temple was demolished or modified to create the mosque. The Government of India fenced around the disputed site to prevent communal and terrorists activities.
Disputed site
Built vs Open
Building Typologies Surrounding the Site
Green Spaces Around the Site
Road Network
Approach to Site and Disputed Land
A.S.I. Layers
Site permissible for the project
Typologies around the site : The site is surrounded by mixed use, commercial, residential and religious structures. Archaeological Survey of India: As per A.S.I. norms no construction is allowed in 100 m from the excavated site, temporary construction in the area between 100-200 m. The permanent construction is only allowed after 200 m from the site.
After the demolition of the mosque in 1992, the activists constructed a makeshift temple. The approach to the site is through a steel cage guarded by Central Reserve Police Force.
Approach to disputed site :
1
2
Land under G.O.I. 67 acres
Mixed Use
Commercial
Residential
Religious
Incidental Spaces
Green Spaces
Marriage Gardens
Major Road Approach
Major Node
Excavated Site
100m Layer
200m Layer
1. Entrance to the steel cage , guarded by crpf guards
3
Plan
Disputed Land 3.2 acres
2. The steel cage near the make shift temple, for pilgrimage
3. The steel cage towards the end of the journey to the disputed site.
6
A people to people effort with a whole range of communities involved together in this effort so that not only the solution is amicable to all but lasting and offers future hope.
Pause Poin t s Museum Facilit ies
Assisting Users
Th em ed Galleries
Cult ural C en t er
Primary Users
Assisting Users
Academ ic Facilit ies Re creat ion al Facilit ies
Public Sp aces
Administration Staff management of museum and exhibition facilities.
Educatee and Researchers who would come to share knowledge on archeology, theology, mythology etc. Administration Staff management of facilities like library, printing press, etc.
Assisting Users
Locals and Pilgrims will be using recreational park and local market thus coming together to celebrate day to day activities. Administration Staff management of facilities like local market, park etc. Street Hawkers, Staff , Security
Space Adjacencies
Administration
Public Areas
Lobby Ticketing Souvenir Shop
Intro Gallery
A/V Room Gallery Display Pause Point
• • • • • •
Admin Office Security Office Information Booth Media Center Medical Center Telephone Kiosks
Exhibition Facility
Security for crowd management.
Maintenance Staff , Security Primary Users
Ce l e brat ion /Public Park
Activities Adjancies
Locals and Pilgrims for passing through the disputed land towards a makeshift temple.
Maintenance Staff house keeping, store keeping, etc.
Au di o /V isual Galleries Resource C en t er
Visitors/Tourists who would come with a question of knowledge about Ayodhya being only a disputed land.
INTRO. GALLERY
V isit or’s C en t er
Activity Organization
MUSEUM
Or i en t at ion Sp aces
Primary Users
RESEARCH CENTER
E DIF I CATI ON
Space Activity and User Group
RECREATIONAL PARK
To encourage the recognition of the importance of inter-social dialogue and historical education for social stability.
INTROSPECTION
Healing of trauma, and reconciliation between groups in conflicts , through spaces that allow ‘multidirectional memory’ and change negative narratives.
APPORTION
To encourage respect for historical importance by introducing visitors to the historical time line of the major communities who visited Ayodhya.
Defining Activities :
CELEBRATION
Project Objectives :
Orientation Platform Open Exhibit Pre-Function Area
Ticketed Area Thematic Galleries as per the Story Line of Ayodhya Research Stations Archeology Theology Mythology Library Journals Periodicals Research Papers Printing Press
Local Market Permanent Shops Temporary Shops Food Stalls Memorial For Unknown Commemoration Wall
• 2 Wheelers • 4 Wheelers • Admin Parking
Back-end Support
• H.V.A.C. • Housekeeping • Employee Facilities
Back-end Support • Admin Office • Curator Office • Technical Staff
• • • •
H.V.A.C. Housekeeping Employee Facilities Public Facilities
Back-end Support • Admin Office • Records Room • Librarian Office • Transportation Manager • Storage Facilities • Technical Staff
• • • • • • •
H.V.A.C. Record Keeping Housekeeping Employee Facilities Public Facilities Cafe Accommodations
Parking
Recreational Park
Open Air Theatre Park for Festivals Additional Open Area
Support Areas Parking
• • • • •
Office for cultural affairs Green Room Practise Area Storage Facilities Technical Staff
• Cycle • 2 Wheelers • Admin Parking
Back-end Support • Housekeeping • Employee Facilities • Public Facilities
Zoning Aspects : Site Level
PARKING ORIENTATION PLATFROM
Commemoration Wall For the people who died during the riots.
VISITOR'S CENTER
Access Path towards disputed site / makeshift temple.
ADMIN BLOCK MUSEUM BLOCK
Entrance
RESEARCH CENTER O.A.T.
Parking
PUBLIC PARK
Building Mass
LOCAL MARKET MEMORIAL WALL Direct Adjacencies
In-Direct Adjacencies
Visual Axes
DISPUTED LAND
Accommodation Required / Direct Adjacencies Desired / In-Direct Adjacencies Close & Convenient Not Desirable
Public Park Local Market
7
Expressionism : Finding Unity and Integrity Expression of Visual Axis
Expression of Organization
An axis being the most basic design principle, can help visually connect two undefined end points. It also tends to focus attention on distant features. Linear organization will respond well with the linear site. The organization can also be used to define an edge between the disputed land and public domain.
Expression of Surface Characteristics Concrete manages to carry a contradictory associations. Stigmatized on the one hand, celebrated on the other, it evokes highly diverse reactions. Salk Institute for Biological Studies, CA, USA Expression of Vertical Lines
Qutub Minar, New Delhi
Iron Pillar, New Delhi
Expression of Celebration
Vertical Lines helps focusing the space. It also sub-divides the space and helps in facade modulation. It also expresses commemoration of events. Public Fair or Mela is an activity which helps people from different communities to come together and celebrate the sense of oneness.
Spatial Organization
Visual axes are drawn from the center of the disputed complex. Served Spaces like the museum block, visitor centre, admin etc all being aligned to these visual axis.
Vertical Zoning Admin / Service Entry
Museum Circulation
Mechanical Service area
Museum Block
Visitor’s Centre
Orientation Platform
Research Centre
Cafeteria
Administration
Printing Press
Semi Ground pathway to the make shift temple
Served Spaces are independent activities, in order to form an integrated building block, servant spaces were being planned in between the served spaces.
The served space blocks were being raised by the notion of keeping the site circulation open and flexible and not touching the site to keep it as public as possible.
Ramp-ways were added for vertical circulation and also provide facility to physically disabled as well as old age pilgrim. 8
Site Plan
Area Statement 1.
Museum
140 m2
2.
Visitor’s Centre
350 m2
3.
Research Centre
350 m2
4.
Printing Press
350 m2
5.
Admin Block
350 m2
6.
Accommodation
1100 m2
7.
O.A.T.
850 m2
8.
Local Market
400 m2
Total Site Area
12 acres/ 4.2 ha.
9.
Service Blocks
1300 m2
Total Built Area
9272 m2 / 2.3 acres
10.
Orientation Platform
900 m2
11.
Miscellaneous
1000 m2
12.
Circulation
750 m2
Vehicular Movement
Site Circulation
Visitors
Pedestrian Movement
Services
Visitors Market
9
Ground Floor Plan
Wind Tower and Light Shelf Function Openings to catch Wind Hot Air Vents Light Vents
Air Vents
Structural System - Composite
Pre-Cast Hollow Slabs Pre-Cast Walls Lattice Girders Shear Walls
10
Floor Plans
Second Floor plan at +8000 lvl
First Floor plan at +5000 lvl
Longitudinal Section
11
Haat Bazaar
An open air craft market 2013/VII sem./Studio Project Jaipur/Rajasthan/India Academic Work/Individual Guide : Prof. A.K. Gupta akg@aayojan.edu.in Contribution : Presentation drawings, design concepts, drawings, physical and 3d models.
Design Brief: Urban Haat refers to a market place for local craftsmen and villagers to promote their artifacts. The main objective of the brief was to design an open air craft market and food plaza to promote the rich cultural and heritage of Jaipur.
Public space is integrated within the backdrop of a food and craft market to create an ambiance reminiscent of traditional Indian bazaars. For promoting the handicrafts and local craftsmen a combination of permanent and temporary stalls were to be designed along with recreational facilities like O.A.T , green spaces etc.
About Site:
The site is located in Jaipur, around 15 kms away from the old walled city. B2 bypass is adjacent to the site which connects various industrial area and city area. Site Area : 6.8 acres. Airport : 5 km Bus Station : 15 km Railway Station : 15 km Area Statement 1.
Permanent Shops
5
95 m2
475 m2
2.
Temporary Shop -1
14
30 m2
420 m2
3.
Temporary Shop-2
16
30 m2
480 m2
4.
Open Platforms for Hawkers
-
-
660 m2
Module of 3 shops
Module of 6 platforms Module of 3 shops
5.
Food Stalls
2
130 m2
260 m2
6.
O.A.T
1
1000 m2
1000 m2
7.
Public Plaza
-
-
2250 m2
-
-
844 m2
Admin. Block
-
-
150 m2
-
-
120 m2
Built up
-
-
3500 m2
Miscellaneous
-
-
1500 m2
Total Built up
-
-
5000 m2
8. 9.
10.
Module of 4 stalls Theatre with Green Rooms
Entrance Plaza Facilities
Entrance Court
Circulation
Zoning
Pedestrian Service Access Permanent Shops
Vehicular Service Corridor
Entrance Plaza,Public Area Temporary Shops
Permanent Shops Recreational Area
Facilities Parking
Temporary Shops
13
Food Court
Permanent Shops Clay Roof Tiles
Recycled Steel Purlins from construction sites.
Recycled Steel Truss from construction sites.
Platform for Hawkers Jali Pattern Precast Columns
Brick Structure in Rat Trap Bond
14
Temporary Shops Type-1
Open Air Theatre
Temporary Shops Type-2
Clay Roof Tiles
Recycled Steel Purlins from construction sites.
Recycled Steel Truss from construction sites.
Precast Beams Gutter System
Precast Columns
Platform for Hawkers
15
Dissertation Space Aesthetics
2014/IX sem./Research Project Academic Work/Individual Guide : Prof. Archana S. Rathore asr@aayojan.edu.in
Hypothesis: Scale and proportion are the major factors that contribute to the aesthetics appearance of an activity space.
Contribution : Objective formulation, Methodology, Research, Case studies, Surveys, Graphics.
Background of the study: According to VITRIVIUS, the fundamental principles of architecture can be summarized as firmitas, utilitas and venustas which can be translated from Latin as firmness, utility and delight.
Criteria of Selection: Methodology Behavioral studies of human emotions with SELECTION OF TOPIC reference to aesthetics in terms of scale and proportion for a specific activity space is an important aspect of architectural design. NEED OF STUDY
Therefore, carrying out a research under such Firmitas (Firmness) topic would help in inferring various observations Ability of a structure to stand up robustly and for designing better aesthetically viable activity remain in good condition. spaces. Utilitas (Utility) This means a design should have a function, a usage. A building’s function can be categorized into its primary space and its secondary space. The primary space will be the main function of the building (i.e. its rooms). The secondary space is what makes the building usable (i.e. corridor, toilets etc.).
Aim of the study: The aesthetic expression of any respective space depends upon the various characteristics of that particular space. The aim is to prove that for an aesthetic appearance of an activity space, scale and proportion are the major factors to be considered.
Venustas (Delight) Signifies that a design must have beauty. This involves order, arrangement, eurhythmics and symmetry. In a design, each component is considered separately as well as proportionally to the whole.
Objectives:
1. Study the factors contributing to the aesthetic appearance of space. 2. Study scale and proportion theories. 3. Identify and select activity spaces in a design institute.
The structure and function of a building is very objective to an architect. He plans everything 4. Compare and analyze the factors contributing aesthetics in selected activity as per his conscious and conjecture but the spaces. delight or aesthetics of a space is subjective to the users using it. The end user is the class for 5. Conclude the guidelines for the designing of a space which is aesthetically sound. which this aesthetics need to be considered.
Scope and Limitations: Only Design institutions will be dealt in detail. Spaces inside and in-between the building blocks, in the premises of a particular institution will be dealt in detail. Only permanent attributes of aesthetics will be dealt in detail.
FORMULATION OF AIM AND OBJECTIVES SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS STUDY OF SPACE DEFINING ELEMENTS STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING AESTHETICS
DATA COLLECTION
STAGE 1 : RESEARCH FORMULATION
PRIMARY SOURCE • CASE STUDY • USER PERCEPTION SURVEY • OBSERVATION SECONDARY SOURCE • BOOK • REPORTS • UNPUBLISHED THESIS STAGE 2: DATA COLLECTION
SYNTHESIS OF DATA ANALYSIS OF DATA
STAGE 3 : DATA SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS
OBSERVATIONS INFERENCES RECOMMENDATIONS
STAGE 4 : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
16
Concept of Space: Space constantly encompasses our being. Through the volume of space, we move, see forms, hear sounds, feel breezes, smell the fragrances of a flower garden in bloom. As per German architect, GOTTFRIED SAMPER space is an enclosure without reference to order. The material component being only secondary property to the spatial enclosure.
Factors affecting aesthetics of a space: 1. Mass and Space 5. Balance Mass is determined by the volume and the A balanced form results in visual equilibrium. surface qualities of the object concerned . p
p
x
Mass Volume
Dark Color: Massiveness
Equal elements distributed equally : SYMMETRICAL EQUILIBRIUM
p/2
2p
Surface quality
x/2 Light Color: Lightness
Different configuration of enclosure
2x
Unequal elements distributed symmetrically : BALANCED EQUILIBRIUM
1. Utilitarian Space In order to pursue any activity there is a requirement of certain minimum unobstructed volume around it .The space having no sense of emotions but minimum space provided. 2. Aesthetic Space A person having a minimum space required possess an emotional need too. Hence, there is a need for more volume than required. This space avoids psychological discomfort but satisfies emotionally.
2. Proportion 6. Contrast Primary properties of mass are height, width, Lack of visual diversity cause “visual tiredness”. Architectural Space and depth. The visual relationship of these Hence, to make spaces interesting contrast is The space identified has to proportioned to properties is called proportion. a mean. avoid psychological discomfort. Therefore, when the utilitarian and aesthetic space exerts an influence and modifies the other, the space Contrast in mass is architectural h
Aesthetics: h h Many auditory and visual perceptions are accompanied by a certain intuitive feeling of a w d w d w d value. These values are separable from senses , h=w=d h>w=d h=w<d Static (Neutral) Vertical Horizontal moral or intellectual feeling. In 1920, Philosopher Change in identity of form by change in proportion Kant gave aesthetic theory comprehending space as the aesthetic effect of architecture. Hence , this branch of knowledge is called 3. Scale Relationship between size of object and size of aesthetics. observer. This branch is primarily concerned with the 4. Symmetry aesthetic feeling and aesthetic objects which The degree of symmetry of an object may produce it. be expressed by the number of imaginary symmetry planes that one can pass through it. Symmetrical view Visual Stability Better Organization Easy Identification Grey on White or White on Grey
x
Relationship between space and aesthetics: There are two types of spaces:
Symmetrical planes passing through the figure
Effect of Symmetry over spaces
Contrast between horizontal and vertical mass
Contrast in Space Series of contrasting spaces
Framework of Analysis: This study is done to analyze the factors affecting aesthetics of space according to few permanent attributes of aesthetics. The spaces selected as per the surveys of the case studies were analyzed on following parameters: 1. SHAPE Every space can also be represented as a polygon. Birkhoff’s Law measure the aesthetics of polygon.
2. DEGREE OF ENCLOSURE The configuration of the defining elements of space and the pattern of its openings defines Contrast in Mass the degree of enclosure of space. & Space Contrast between circular space and cubic mass.
3. FUNCTION OF SPACE According to nature of activity - formal /informal According to extent of activity - active/passive 17
4. SCALE AND PROPORTION Framework for Surveys Proportion system go beyond the functional and Aim of questionnaire: technical determinants of architectural form and space to provide aesthetic rationale for their 1. To understand the type of users. dimensions. Gender, profession, age group 5. APPROACH TO THE SPACE The change in proportion of the approach to the 2. To identify the type of activity space. space. Formal/Informal, Active/Passive, Public/Private. 6. SYMMETRY According to symmetry around vertical and 3. To understand the effect of space on horizontal axis - static/dynamic. the user. 7. BALANCE According to the vertical, horizontal and neutral 4. To identify the reason of the effect of element visually balanced/dynamic. space on the user. Case Studies: The case studies restricts only to the design 5. To find whether scale and proportion or oriented institutional campus. The cases are the alterations in other factors changes selected because of the scale and amount of the effect of space on the user. open spaces available inside the building and between the building blocks within the premises. Bibliography
BOOKS • Mathew Fredrick, 101 things I learned in an Architecture College, MIT Press, London 1. AAYOJAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, 2006 JAIPUR • Francis D.K. Ching, Architecture Form space and order, John Willey and sons, 2. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF CRAFT DESIGN , United states of America, 2007 JAIPUR Following case studies were selected
3. PEARL ACADEMY OF FASHION , JAIPUR
•
Paul D. Spreiregen, Architecture of Towns and Cities, McGraw Hill book company, London, 1964
•
V.S.Paramar, Design Fundamentals in Architecture, Somaiya Publications, Mumbai, 1997
CONCLUSION Through the various case studies and the parameters to analyze like shape , degree of enclosure , proportions, function of space, approach to the space , symmetry and balance the study concludes that these underlined principles are responsible for their effects on aesthetics of a space.
PUBLISHED THESIS • George D Birkhoff, “Aesthetic Measurement”, Harvard University Press, 1933
Therefore the study concludes that scale and proportions are the most important factor affecting aesthetic of a space and it varies as per the nature of space , extent and activity of the space.
Framework for selection of cases: SCOPE OF STUDY SELECTION OF CASE STUDY USER PERCEPTION SURVEYS
SELECTION
OF OPEN SPACES SELECTED CASES
WITHIN
18
House in Chitai
Residence of Keya and Jagat Rathore 2015/ Henri Fathome Office for Architecture (H.O.F.A.) Chitai/Uttrakhand/India Professional Work Principal Architect : Henri Fanthome Team: Henri Fanthome, Prateek Wahi hfoa.mail@gmail.com Contribution : Presentation drawings, working drawings site coordination, physical and 3d models.
Project Brief: On the Leeward side of mountain and facing north, the House for Keya and Jagat was designed to create a frugal and essential dwelling for two professionals who had decided to move away from the chaos of mega city life. The house is simple in layout and responded to the need for sunlight and solar passive principals while also trying to maximise the beautiful views to the north.
Design Ideology: Given that the site sits on the north face of the Hill, and is largely in shadow, the design tries to maximise direct solar gain / exposure by the use of unconventional roof design that has itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s ridge across the width of building , allowing for a large and tall window on the rear ( south) face that allows the low sunlight of the winter to enter into the large central volume that is the living - dining - kitchen , areas that will be used during the day.
On the north side is a verandah, that allows triple grid that minimises external wall surface. one to sit out and enjoy the views of the greater Himalayas. The water tank for the house is placed at the highest contour of the site to provide sufficient The central double height volume is flanked head by gravity, and made into a outlook by two levels of single hight volumes, that are platform for a telescope. bedrooms and work spaces, these are kept small and essential so as to minimise energy To the south of the house, is a outdoor deck for spends on heating in cold weather. breakfast in good weather, approached by a bridge from the upper level Also to keep costs low the structure is a simple
Site Context
Axonometric Plans
Construction Details Factory Painted G.I. roofing sheet. Commercial Ply 6mm. thk.
Styrofoam 2” thk. Frame 4’ x 2’ 2” x 2” Wood Section Planks 4” wide 1/2” thk.
Roof Rafters 2.5”x 5”
The site is situated 400 meters away from the closest motor able road, creating difficulties with material and labor availability.
Wooden Tie Beam 4”x 3” First floor Beam
Site Setting Roof Assembly
Roof as per detail 6” x 8” Tie Beam
The site sits in a clearing between the woods, on a valley side facing north-east and onto the lesser Himalayas.
Block Placement
6” thk. R.C.C. Slab
First Floor Plan
4.5” thk. Sill
9” thk. Rat Trap Bond Brick Masonry 4” thk. Lintel 3” thk. Brick on edge
The building block was oriented to north-east direction , parallel to the contours. This reduced the cutting of contours and maximizing the morning sun.
2” thk. D.P.C. Plinth Beam
Ground Floor Plan
Typical Wall Section 20
Visual Training Aid Ready
Reckoner
for
Rural
Masons
2016/ United Nations Development Programme (U.N.D.P.) Research & Publication : Professional Work Project Guide : Henri Fanthome Research & Content: Prateek Wahi, Gautam Vohra
Visual Training Aid : Mind Map Public Areas
Safety training for working on construction sites.
Construction Tools
Orientation to different construction tools, their use, maintenance storage.
Building Materials
Orientation to different building materials, quality check, storage, handling, basics of curing.
Layout & Graphics: Prateek Wahi, Gautam Vohra hfoa.mail@gmail.com
Document Brief: This booklet has been developed as the first in a series of reference books for newly trained masons for construction of quality houses under Indira Housing Scheme under the Masons Training programme of Ministry of Rural development (MoRD). This booklet has been developed as a ready reckoner for correct construction practices for common building materials being used in rural India, with the aim of improving the quality of rural housing construction and reducing wastage in the use of materials. Developed mostly in an illustrated format, this document intends to remind the newly trained masons on common do’s and dont’s of good construction with reference to rural housing. Being as a part of the research and graphics team, we were required to illustrate, stage wise, the process of construction starting from excavation works to plumbing works, covering all stages. Emphasis was put on dual pit toilets in view of the governments ‘Swach Bharat’-‘ Clean India’ scheme. Few snippets from the document are illustrated for reference.
Reinforced cement concrete Construction of toilet
• Tools for quality improvement
• Building units- brick, concrete blocks. • Binder - Cement, lime. • Other Materials - Sand, aggregates, steel.
• Plan, section, elevations
• Understanding of area, volume, perimeter of standard shapes.
• Site clearance. • Reference points on site (road, existing building, 3-4-5 rule.
Layout of a simple building
• Layout of circular forms.
Principles of foundation design (relationship between depth and width, plinth, height, etc)
• Fundamentals of brick/stone masonry .
Basics of flooring, Indian Patent Stone (I.P.S.) flooring.
• Bar, cutting , bending and tying
Brick/Stone Masonry I.P.S. Flooring
• Individual tools, use, storage, upkeep
• Measurement Scale - Metric/FPs
Basics of Measurement
Foundation
• Common tools and equipments, use , storage, upkeep.
• Scale
Construction sketches and drawings
Layout and Marking
• Locational Safety • Use of safety gear • Safety during work
• Mortar Preparation, Cement Pointing • Installation of doors and windows • Fundamentals of brick/stone masonry .
• Shuttering for beam, column and slab • Measuring and mixing of concrete, pouring and compaction • Curing • Understanding plumbing drawings. • Types of sanitary pipes and their uses • Types of joints. • Concept of twin pit system.
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Safety measures
You must be in good health
You must drink water regularly during work, especially during hot months.
Building Materials
Construction sites are high-risk places prone to accidents. In order to prevent accidents, it is important to be physically fit and use safe construction practices.
You Should ensure proper safety while working with heights
Do not lift heavy loads alone to avoid muscle injury.
Fal-G blocks are made up of : 1. Fly-ash 2. Lime 3. Gypsum, with 4. Cement as the binding agent.
Do lift heavy objects using legs and buttocks muscles.
Fine
Coarse Aggregate is of two types-fine and coarse. Fine aggregates size should be less than 4mm and be able to pass through a 4.75 mm sieve. Coarse aggregate size varies from 4 to 20 mm.
A good brick falling from a height of 3-4â&#x20AC;&#x2122; does not break. Use a sieve to separate debris from fine sand. Good quality sand passes through a 0.6 mm mesh.
When scratched with a sharp tool, no impression is formed on a good brick.
A good brick produces a ringing sound when struck with another brick.
To test the quality of Fal-G blocks, rub the surface with your thumb, if Fly ash comes out revealing a powdery surface then the block is not of good quality.
Sand is used to prepare mortar and plaster. Use clean, dirt-free sand which is regular with uniform sized grains and does not stick to the hand.
Aggregate is used for the preparation of concrete. As with sand, good aggregate is regular with uniform sized grains. Aggregate should be stored separate from the sand. Larger stones at the corner
Stone Masonry
Through Stones
CORNER STONES A good corner stone must have good arises and the two faces must be squared to each other.
Prepare the sides, edges, bed of stone to ensure proper bonding of stones. Ensure proper wetting and cleaning of stones prior to laying.
While stone masonry the minimum width of a bond stone should be 1/3 of the wall thickness.
Use through stone or bond stones at specified intervals. masonry then be carried in a straight fashion with the help of Use large stones at the corners and at jambs to increase the The threads tied into pegs. strength.
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Rural Housing Prototypes Compendium
for
Rural
Housing
Technologies
2016/ United Nations Development Programme (U.N.D.P.) Research & Publication : Professional Work Project Manager : Vyas Vengkhom Research & Content: U.N.D.P. Layout & Graphics: Prateek Wahi vyas.yengkhom@undp.org
Document Brief: Prime Minster Housing Scheme - Rural, (PMAY-G), is a flagship programme of the Ministry of Rural Development, that aims to fulfill the vision of providing â&#x20AC;&#x153;Housing for Allâ&#x20AC;? by 2022. As a major step in this direction, the Ministry, in partnership with United Nations Development programme (UNDP) and Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, has undertaken detailed exercise in 18 states so far, to provide a menu of technically validated options for design, construction materials and technologies to the beneficiaries. The current compendium provides a snapshot view of this ambitious project in respect of 10 States. This is however, a continuous endeavour as the Ministry plans to involve remaining states also in this work. UNDP, IIT Delhi and CBRI together collaborated in the development of the designs typologies. 23
Smart Power for Rural Development
Risk Information Tool for Smart Power for Rural Development 2017/ TARU-Leading Edge, Rockefeller Foundation, Publication : Professional Work Project Manager : Henri Fanthome Research & Content: Henri Fanthome, Prateek Wahi, Ishan Rautela Layout & Graphics: Prateek Wahi hfoa.mail@gmail.com
Document Brief: Rockefeller Foundation has set up Smart Power for Rural Development (SPRD) initiative for delivering support services to help scale and replicate sustainable businesses that provide renewable electricity for productive use to expand economic activity in undeserved, rural areas of India. In case of hazards, the term â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;resilienceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; refers to the ability of impacted unit or entity to withstand, absorb, recover and adapt to adverse events. To enhance plant resilience, this handbook includes safety of the installations and low cost designs for efficient maintenance of the solar panels, such as- self-cleaning panels. It also includes structural options to mitigate some of risks such as- flood, earthquake, hailstorm, lightning and heat wave. 24
Bravura
Bravura literally means piece or passage or display that emphasizes a performerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s virtuosity. The following display will includes some of the miscellaneous skill set which in turn helped in understanding architectural language and its practical use. -Art Installations -Hand on workshop
Art Installation
Hands on Workshops
Frozen Time
Brick Jali Work
Course 14 Course 13 Course 12 Course 11 Course 10
Flat brick Tiles Course 9 Course 8
Course 7 Course 6
Flat brick Tiles Course 5 Course 4 Course 3 Course 2 Course 1
2012/II sem./Arts and Grpahics Academic Work/Individual
2012/III sem./Vernacular Architecture Academic Work/Group
The art installation was done to give the space a feel of being frozen at the time of snow fall.
The main objective of the workshop to understand the importance of brick jali screen and its construction. 26
Hyperbolic Paraboloid
2014/VII sem./Advanced Building Construction Academic Work/Group
To understand the advance building components ( Hyperbolic Paraboloid) and create various compositions from the 1:1 scale models.
Indigenous Building Technology Workshop, Delhi Mud Blocks from Waste
Flat Funicular Shell Roof (Circular)
Flat Funicular Shell Roof
Decorative Pattern from waste stone pieces
Placing bricks in circular fashion
Laying Pattern out of waste
Sun dried mud stabilised block
Ceiling after removing shuttering
Ceiling after removing shuttering
Arch System
1:1 Arch System from narrow bricks
Twisted Wall
1:1 Twisted wall system by dry masonry
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