INPROCESS 18

PRATT INSTITUTE 200 WILLOUGHBY AVENUE BROOKLYN, NY 11205 SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE 61 ST. JAMES ST BROOKLYN, NY 11205 TELEPHONE 718-399-4304 www.pratt.edu

INPROCESS 18 2011 – 2012

GRADUATE

INPROCESS 18 GAUD + PSPD

GAUD

TABLE OF CONTENTS Forward

003

Master of Architecture

005 017 025 037 049 065

Design Studios Semester 1 Semester 2 Thesis Semester 3

075 049 083

Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design Design Studios Semester 1 Semester 2 Culmination Project Semester 3

Seminars

Core Media Core Elective International Programs

PROGRAMS FOR SUSTAINABLE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

089 093 095

099 103 115

Forward

121

Master of Science in City and Regional Planning Master of Science in Urban Environmental Systems Management Master of Science in Historic Preservation Bachelor of Science in Construction Management Master of Science in Facilities Management

123

Interdisciplinary Studios Research and Public Events

125 143

RESEARCH

Forward Agent Structures Atacama Workshop Geospatial Mapping Occupy Wall Street Conference

145 147 149 151 153

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE

Lectures, School Culture, Events and Exhibitions Lecture Series School Culture Faculty Credits

155 157 159 160

SOA

Master of Science in Architecture

RESEARCH

Core Design Studios Semester 1 Semester 2 Semester 3 Comprehensive Design Studios Semester 4 Advanced Option Design Studios Semester 5 Semester 6

PSPD

GRADUATE ARCHITECTURE + URBAN DESIGN

Pratt School of Architecture

DEAN’S FORWARD InProcess 18 marks the transformation of a single book presenting the work of all of the School of Architecture’s programs into two separate volumes. One volume has been dedicated to the undergraduate program, and the new Graduate InProcess is the first of this series to be dedicated solely to the GAUD (Graduate Architecture and Urban Design) programs and the primarily graduate courses of study in the PSPD (Programs for Planning and Sustainable Development). This change has been precipitated by the extraordinary growth in quality, diversity and size of the school over the last several years. The expansion into two volumes allows each book to widen its coverage of many more studios and courses, and also allows the individual programs to articulate their particular vision and interest.

The GAUD is actually three separate programs; the three year professional Master of Architecture program and the three semester Post-professional programs of Master in Science in Architecture and Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design. The two post-professional programs began as a single program in the 1960’s eventually reaching their current articulation in the 1980’s. These two programs offer students with professional degrees to re-think the disciplines of urban design and architecture, and strike out in their own original research directions. The professional Master of Architecture was founded in 2000, and brings together students of all collegiate backgrounds making this a program of extraordinary intellectual richness. In recent years, this program has been recognized with high rankings, and now offers students a sophisticated and diverse range of design tools and experiences. All of these programs stress advanced computation techniques, new collaborative teaching models and an emphasis on meeting the societal and ecological challenges of the day. All three programs share advanced studios in the latter semesters, exploring research themes reflecting our rapidly changing urban culture and the particular interests of the design critics.

The PSPD (Programs for Planning and Sustainable Development) are a unique cluster of 5 primarily graduate programs with a single undergraduate program. The programs have broad interests, but share a common goal in advancing a vision of a just and ecologically responsible urban culture, using the most advanced tools and techniques available in their respective field. Several of these programs have a highly developed research agenda with a strong record of sponsored research.

The Master of Science in City and Regional Planning is the oldest and largest of these programs, founded in the 1950’s and now grown to almost 100 students. This 64 credit program attracts a diverse enrollment dedicated to an equitable, diverse and economically dynamic city. The Pratt Center grew out of this program, a nationally recognized model for urban research.

The Master of Science in Urban Environmental Systems Management also grew out of the planning program, developing its special emphasis on green infrastructure for 21st century cities.

This graduate program is relatively new but already has developed impressive research initiatives.

The other three programs, the Master of Science in Historic Preservation, the Bachelor of Science in Construction Management and the Master of Science in Facilities Management are more focused on buildings, but their emphasis on urban buildings and their understanding of management as an aspect of contemporary urban culture offers them many opportunities to share courses and professors with all of the other programs in the PSPD. The Construction Management and Facilities Management programs are both several decades old, and draw upon the expertise of New York City’s building and construction industry leaders. Many of these leaders are in fact graduates of these programs. The newest of all of our programs, the graduate Historic Preservation program, offers a unique perspective on preservation, emphasizing both conservation and community, with an emphasis on the relationship between a culture and its context. This program benefits from a very diverse group of students sharing a passion for cities and their history.

All of these programs in this volume of InProcess share the same commitments to urban culture and a belief that their discipline can make a difference in meeting the challenges of the day.

These exceptional programs will continue to nourish and develop new leaders in their field, and it is their work we celebrate as a creative community in this volume of Graduate InProcess 18.

Thomas Hanrahan, Dean

GAUD

Graduate Architecture and Urban Design

CHAIR’S FORWARD

GAUD has a diverse faculty of distinguished educators and practicing architects, excellent facilities, and trans-disciplinary connections with the well-known art and design departments of Pratt Institute. Distinguished visitors present their work to graduate students on a regular basis in research forums, guest studios, and seminars. Faculty and students in both programs come from national and international backgrounds.

William J. MacDonald, Graduate Chair

3

SOA

In addition, the program sees architectural innovations in both the theory and practice of architecture and the interconnected phenomena out of which it emerges. Recent courses in GAUD have investigated such topics as iterative processes, fluid systems, emergent phenomena, logics of organization, complex urbanisms, globalization and politics, computational logics, material performance, and speculative fabrication.

RESEARCH

Students in all three GAUD programs are immersed in an exploratory design studio culture. The three distinct degrees in two programs - Architecture and Urban Design - resonate through shared coursework, students, faculty, and events, intensifying the School of Architecture’s unique position within an art and design institute. This mix supports the ability to integrate diverse theoretical and technical knowledge in speculative design work while emphasizing critical thinking / critical making. Students and faculty are engaged in the design of contemporary experimental architectural projects and the integration of academically rigorous history and theory, computer media, and technology seminar courses.

PSPD

Being the first issue of InProcess dedicated entirely to Graduate Architecture at Pratt Institute, the Graduate Architecture and Urban Design (GAUD) department provides an introduction to the programs progressive design environment for advanced architectural research located in New York City. GAUD proposes speculative debate and experimental architectural production based on a relational construct among theoretical inquiry, computational research, digital design, and technological investigation. To this end, GAUD seeks to formulate a contemporary approach to architecture that is “ecological” in the sense that it provides collective exchanges which are both trans-disciplinary and trans-categorical. This ecological approach encourages feedback relationships among architecture, landscape, urbanism, technology, software programming, industry, manufacturing, political agencies, theoretical studies, as well as categories and disciplines that are newly emerging in contemporary culture. This approach seeks to productively intensify heterogeneous interests and agencies.

Alex Lightman

Alexandra Barker, critic

CORE DESIGN STUDIO

The core sequence comprises the first three semesters of the sixsemester program. The first year begins with investigations of material form and conventions of representation that use physical and digital formal manipulations to construct aggregate systems, producing tectonic conditions of structure and envelope and programmatic potentialities. These studies are parlayed into projects exploring program and context that consist of small scale interventions into New York City infrastructural networks. This year it was a movement studio proposed on one of a number of triangular sites along boundary conditions within Manhattan’s street grid.

The spring context studio highlights issues of context as a topological condition and a programmatic one of circulation and accessibility.

The studio continues to foreground techniques of representation in coordination with the computer media course sequence and to apply these techniques to more complex projects. This year the program was a Grade School on a sectional site in Peck Slip, Manhattan that addresses the topological and visual conditions of the context.

In the fall of the second year, studios build in complexity, with a mixed-use housing project based in the Gowanus area of Brooklyn, investigating the relationship between the site and the complex matrix of multiple programmatic conditions. This studio seeks to apply technical concepts introduced in the material assemblies and environmental controls seminars to the development of building envelopes and environmental systems in the projects.

Alexandra Barker, coordinator

FACULTY Carlos Arnaiz Alexandra Barker StĂŠphanie Bayard James Garrison Theoharis David Karel Klein Craig Konyk

Carla Leitao Peter Macapia Philip Parker Richard Scherr Maria Sieira Jason Vigneri-Beane

SOA SOA

The three-year M. Arch 1 program guides students through a curriculum that employs an interdisciplinary approach to architectural education, preparing students to become professionals can accommodate current issues of inhabitation and anticipate emergent conditions of site and program. The studio sequence is the fundamental mode of instruction in architecture. Studio is complemented by supporting coursework in the categories of history and theory, technology, and computer media as well as a broad network of electives that collectively give students access to the extensive knowledge necessary in the education of an architect. The program has placed an emphasis on the way courses can interrelate linkages across these categories of instruction. Studios work in a variety of media, from physical material explorations to digital modeling, imagery, and digital fabrication. The studios cover a range of topics, from explorations of techniques as generators of new formal and tectonic systems to investigations into issues of contemporary culture and emerging spatial, social, and political structures.

UA RESEARCH GAUD GAUD PSPD PSPDRESEARCH

Master of Architecture

Master of Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Edge Negotiations East River Park, New York This studio introduced the students to concepts, processes, and methodologies that are fundamental to contemporary architectural design. These themes are introduced through a series of material studies that investigate properties and test the performative limits or boundaries of building matter in order to understand how form can be manipulated to create spatial configurations that have architectonic potentialities. Students used physical and digital formal manipulations to construct spatial relationships. They translated the physical models into parametric digital models produced through the use of animation techniques that allowed them to develop a range of tectonic conditions from planar to volumetric, open to closed, and structure to surface. From these studies, students developed unitized systems that were aggregated and transformed in consideration of imagined external pressures of site and internal programmatic potentialities. Students analyzed the systems they developed and generated graphic notation strategies.

In the second half of the semester, students apply these techniques to the development of an intervention into the strata of the urban street edge or boundary condition. Boundary conditions in architecture are examined as spatial zones with subdivisions that overlap and change according to daily or seasonal shifts. The tectonic units developed in the material study were aggregated and manipulated at the local and global level to be employed to generate intricate, multivalent spatial conditions that could be employed to address issues of site and program discovered through research and testing.

The program this year was an intervention into the East River Park.

Projects proposed new uses and occupations that renegotiated the park’s infrastructural and programmatic relationship to the eastern edge of the Manhattan grid.

Alexandra Barker, critic a b

a c d

d

a. Alex Lightman b. Megan Hurford c. Chris Yu d. Steph-michelle Komornik

7

Master of Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Sport Facilities East River Park, New York This studio is an introduction to the fundamental concepts, processes, and skills required for first-year graduate architectural design students.

The initial stages began with an investigation of conceptual and spatial relationship through exercises abstracted from architectural context. Students researched the physical and structural properties of specific materials, and through a series of non-uniform manipulations and digital production processes, developed unit modules based on the conceptual relationships of form and performance. The aggregation of the developed units introduced notions of space, pattern, scale and connection to the design. This protocol became an evolutionary process engaged simultaneously in the architectural production as well as in representation, with contingencies emerging from the constant confrontation between the physical model and the digital representation.

Previous material explorations from the first part of the studio enabled students to link conceptual ideas and form through architectural design. Explorations were contextually tested in the park along the East River in Manhattan, NY where students were asked to design a recreation center. The physical properties of the site separated from the residential neighborhood by the FDR has a strong sectional boundary. Students developed structures that blurred the current edge condition of the site and created a field of opportunities for inhabitation.

StĂŠphanie Bayard, critic a

b c

b

a. Brian Vallario b. Jenna Steinbeck c. Faezeh Arefnazari

9

Master of Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Urban Intervention East River Park, New York This studio examined materiality relative to unconventional concepts of the tectonic whole. The 4’x8’ sheet is but one of many standardized dimensional units that transform natural objects into conceptual increments that can then be received by architectural assemblages.

What are the architectural effects of applying unconventional aggregates of material? Bundling, fulling, piling, and shoving are some of the odd principles at work in the projects as they look toward producing strange objects made up of unconventional parts.

Karel Klein, critic a

a

b

c

a

a. Miranda Rogers b. Jon Bucholtz c. Craig Plezia

11

Master of Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Into The Wild East River Park, New York Almost two decades have now passed since the beginning of digital design, which remains tied to form, to mathematical physics, and locked in the Platonist tradition of a transcendent Form or a Deleuzian reversal that sees forces as expressive of matter and generative of new formal conditions that operate more as an emergent and nomadic sense. But they are, in fact, the same. The reduction of the infinite diagrammatic pummeling of form is merely top down, while the emergent diagrammatic multiplicitousness of folding is merely bottom up. Both find their logic in a model of meaning that is based on mathematics. And ultimately both are mimetic practices finding pictorial embodiment in something other than what they are. Despite the fact that algorithmic techniques have been taken up under the banner of a new metaphysics of the future of architecture (at best) or under the banner of the most superficial definition of ontology by the parametricists, the algorithm is neither of those. It is a lot less sexy in fact. It is as dumb and as plain as the laundry list of chores you have yet to do. It is a grocery list. The definition of architecture is not mathematics nor metaphysics, but the question of the logic of building taken to monumental art. And that’s it. What it can’t do on its own, it shouldn’t do at all. So, what the studio is is an exercise in thinking through this one fact using both algorithms in an explicit coded sense – this deprives us with a geometrical form that we visually project into the design scheme – and in a more laborious but equally useful material sense. It’s a list of numbers topologically returned to each other and which exponentially grow. This was provided by Matthew Howard. The numbers are then graphed to an algorithm for spring mechanics so that they can be spatially distinguished. We take that fact and shift its values by taking one of the results, laser cutting it, and producing a material artifact. We look at various combinations of this new artifact, point to point, edge to edge, and surface to surface.

We do this with material models and with another algorithmic script originally developed by Robert Baker. From these exercises we construct an architecture. The urban conditions are important for the siting of this, but in general they are various street plazas throughout New York.

Peter Macapia, critic a b a

b a

c

a. Sang Shin Lee b. Marsh Lindley c. Greg Mulholland

13

Master of Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Collective Differentiation East River Park, New York This studio explored internal logics of design through iterative and procedural model-making that sought to establish abstract yet materially-contingent formations. As these material explorations became suffused with proto-architectural potential they also became vehicles for the invention of notational systems. While the notational systems provided a way of entering into an architectural scenario without defaulting to normative design practices, they were pressured to undergo a series of adaptations to programmatic and site-circulatory systems, blurring the distinction between building and landscape. The students in this fundamentals studio were required to engage principal aspects of an architectural project formulation such as site, program, circulation structure, envelope, geometry, scale and methodology. They were also challenged to think of these terms in progressive and contemporary ways. The studio’s intent was to develop projects that put forward buildings as complexes of architecture, landscape and micro-urbanism in the process of becoming as opposed to mere solutions to problems.

Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic a

a

b

b

c

d

c

a. Taesoo Kim b. Ryan Whitby c. Justin Trudeau d. Caroline Vickery

15

Master of Architecture | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Elementary School 1 Peck Slip, New York This studio created an openness to diverse ideas, which affirm my own desire to learn. A demand that I make on myself as a teacher and builder, and which instructs my students on a life principle that will be crucial to their future work in architecture. The variety of student work testifies to the dialogical, exploratory nature of collaboration in the studio, just as the required thoroughness of the development of the work indicates the seriousness with which this exploration has been accomplished.

The goal of the studio was to help each student attain the ability to conceive of architecture in a unique way, devoid of any dependence on preconception, current trends or stylizations or form dictated by computer software. It was meant through individual questioning and personalized research relevant to the subject, an urban elementary school, to strengthen their creative process through which a meaningful dynamic work of architecture could generated; a buildable proposal expressive at once of theoretical positions, technological exploration, programmatic invention, site redefinition and pragmatic concerns.

The studio was also meant to assist the students to develop their individual representational skills and identity by exploring diverse methods of presentation and design development including digital explorations, hand drawings, photographic media and models.

Theoharis David, critic a b

a c

b

a

a. Brian Vallario b. Sang Shin Lee c. Elle White

17

Master of Architecture | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Multimodal Method Peck Slip School 1 Peck Slip, New York Research has shown that children between the ages of 5 and 10 years respond positively to multiple iterations and a variety of input of information. Learning is enhanced by physical as well as intellectual stimulation. Experiential learning allowing for associative meanings to be built around the gaining of knowledge and allow a stronger recording in a child’s memory than that of a simple phrasing or a static image in a book.

The Peck Slip School (PS2) will incorporate environments that engage and encourage this interactivity of the learning environment. Spaces for focused individual effort as well as dynamic group activity will allow students and teachers to experiment with new strategies for learning.

The South Street Seaport has accommodated the first studios of some very significant New York School artists; Agnes Martin, Barnett Newman, Robert Indiana, Ellsworth Kelly and Robert Rauschenberg all have experimented and created works here. They establish a creative precedent for Peck Slip.

As such the design of a “Multimodal Method” School should exhibit its own characteristic uniqueness and innovation. The studio will begin with a series of “warm-up” exercises that move from 2D neutrality to 3D complexity. The design of the School will be from the “inside out”, where the functions and activities that occur on the interior are revealed as exhibition to the surrounding context and neighborhood.

Lastly, the studio will investigate heightened tactile and visual stimuli for the development of the architecture, which will not simply engage the children and teachers, but also the emerging community that is developing in the Seaport area.

Craig Konyk, critic a

a b

c

a. Taesoo Kim b. Caroline Vickery c. Darion Washington

19

Master of Architecture | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Active Tension: Ceiling Tactics 1 Peck Slip, New York This studio does research that suggests possible future programmatic connections of school spaces, specifically the capacity of classrooms as mediating platforms of communication with knowledge, learning and cultural connections with local context.

The studio engages exercises that experiment with the creation and definition of character for spaces through subtle markers of connection, attempting to substitute techniques of subdivision and compartmentalization made through vertical partitions, by what we will call “ceiling tactics”. That is, modes of connecting and suggesting spatial gradient and character in a more fluid yet more precise manner than by mere partitioning.

We undergo the study of material systems that can address the thematic by studying spatial structures that can mediate the relationship between activity, learning, sharing and independence: procuring structures that could create an oscillation between ordering elements of connections in the site and program and their intrinsic strategies which would allow the productive breaking of that same order.

We work with two structural and formal systems – tension and crystalization – that study ways of making linkages between programmatic operators at diverse sets of scales and of different qualities.

Tension structures or canopies are active procurers of opportunities and strategies for continuity and linkages across the site.

Crystalization processes work towards establishing cross-sectional qualities in the linkages created by dynamic relaxation processes in the canopy studies.

Erosion – in the site, program, activity, of attention - is a counterpart active element the studio takes on as qualifier of site and program analysis.

The connection of these studies have the ultimate objective of creating various palettes of communication between spaces, focusing on different ways of accessing centralization, decentralization, bifurcation, and networking movements of the users.

Carla Leitao, critic a

b

b c

c

a

a. Craig Plezia b. Miranda Rogers c. Shehrbano Salahuddin

21

Master of Architecture | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Domestication & Wildness 1 Peck Slip, New York This studio works with establishing terms between architecture and schooling with the line, its segments, and continuities. The line’s forms of producing difference and connection are pursued in both the ways that a school can organize individuals and groups, and the ways that it ceaselessly articulates a framing, positioning, and engagement of its participants, teachers, students, and community with knowing, and coming to know with ongoing desire.

The line and its surfaces as screens, skins, filters, territories, membranes, scapes, meshes, patches, wrappers, and envelopes to name a few are played in thick assemblies rather than projected onto one another. These are less space delimiting boundaries than actively engaged mediators acting across multiple heterogenous zones of behavior.

The studio work addresses the school as it produces instability in the participants distancing with the building and its framing of their knowledge. In its productive instability the school contributes an other set of correspondences among the school’s players, its critical agents.

As Individual projects they attempt to work at the limits between domesticated and wild space. As a core studio, its concentration is consistently on the formulation, subversion and reconstruction of the assumptions and practices of architecture and the architect. Its work is simply found in an attempt to further qualify architecture’s continuous and conflicting relations between its motives and means and ultimately to use each to redirect the other.

Philip Parker, critic a

b

d

c b

b

d

e

b

a. Jeian Jeong b. Ryan Whitby c. Jon Bucholtz d. Jenna Steinbeck e. Megan Hurford

23

Master of Architecture | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Peck Slip School 1 Peck Slip, New York This is the first Pratt graduate studio collaboration with the company Side FX, creators of the procedural node-based software Houdini.

Side FX hosted a two-day workshop in Higgins Hall and students learned how to use the software as a procedural tool to create formal dependencies in generative models. Students were then asked to use these tools to explore potential relationships between the programmatic components of an elementary school in Peck Slip, Lower Manhattan, and to develop their projects parametrically. Both the parametric systems and the final student architecture projects were showcased in the Siggraph 2012 conference.

The initial formal dependencies set up by each student represented investigations into the organizational logic of the school: Are classrooms clustered relative to an assembly space, such as the playground or the gym or are they dispersed throughout the building to create zones associated with different age groups? Is a space such as the auditorium conceptually the heart of the school or is it somewhat segregated from the rest of the building for use by the community after school hours? The parametric relationships set up by the software were then used to develop sectional complexity through the fabrication of abstract 3D printed models and the articulation of spaces in sectional cuts.

Students also developed building envelope systems that considered both the requirements of an increasingly mediated elementary school environment in NYC--Smartboards have replaced blackboards--and the particular daylighting conditions of the site. Both the dense urban environment surrounding the site and the elevated highway that is the FDR Drive gave the students a second ground plane of sorts, a desire to both soar, if ever so slightly, above the roofline, and to design the streetscape at the school’s entrance so that circulation at the foot of the building remains connected to the waterfront just beyond.

Maria Sieira, critic a b c

a

a

a. Alex Lightman b. Greg Mulholland c. Matiss Zemitis

25

Master of Architecture | Third Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Multi-Family Housing Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn To design a multi-family housing structure is to understand the city as a place where people live in great concentration. It is, in this sense, the best architectural embodiment of urbanism: repetition, aggregation and the coordination of life at a state of pressurized density. We developed organizational tools to manage and think about density.

We worked through operations that produce group form out of individual parts with the purpose of establishing our own “in-house” lexicon.

The studio was structured like a laboratory for the investigation of hybridity with a focus on episodes of transformation when an articulated form gives way to a smooth one. Pattern-making was our chemical agent. We sought to study the nature of the relationships in transformation. Housing is notoriously besotted by the specter of individuality. Can we think of new totalities that admit current notions of the self while still fostering strategies of association?

The City of New York posed the challenge of a micro-scaled future.

Existenze minimum for the era of radical income disparity. What does this mean for the social ecology of cities? Brooklyn, with its artisanal, post-punk sub-culture can offer the world an alternative vision of domesticity that challenges the global problematics of climate change and uneven development.

The act of inventing new forms of density necessarily confronts the issue of community. Housing is always already in excess of itself. It means more than what we think. It holds more than what we plan.

How can we design spaces, “with the curious property,” as Foucault once wrote, “ of being in relation with all the other sites, but in such a way as to suspect, neutralize, or invert the set of relations that they happen to designate, mirror, or reflect.”

Carlos Arnaiz, critic a

b

b c

a

b

a. Liduam Pong b. Trey Lindsay c. Emmy-Juliette Rodriguez

27

Master of Architecture | Third Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Housing Studio Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn This studio was concerned with the design of urban micro units on the banks of the Gowanus Canal in Brooklyn. The program and site present the student with the need to understand and respond to the social structure of singles housing, the environmental conditions of low lying, post industrial sites subject to flooding, and the increased density prescribed by recent zoning. The exploration of individual and collective space as well as the development of an architecture that encourages socialization were key objectives of the semester. To that end, a variety of thematic identities for the housing were imagined including cooking schools, physical fitness, extreme sports, and art production. Industrialized building production and tectonic resolution were emphasized.

James Garrison, critic a b

a

b

a

a. Molly Hare b. Michael Hoak

29

Master of Architecture | Third Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Extended Family Tree Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn This studio will explore multigenerational housing through the prism of new households; specifically evolving household mixes that are changing definitions of what constitutes a family, with its various extensions from biological origins to unrelated cohabitants.

Diagrams of common family organizations and generational development are a point of departure for the studio. The increasing complexity of those interrelationships and family constitutions will be studied, analyzed and diagramed.

Immigrant groups and population shifts over time will be documented and analyzed for growth patterns and potential clustering of groupings. The Borough of Brooklyn and its various neighborhoods will be thought of as a kind of Extended Family Tree. The matrix of contemporary issues that are impacting the nature of families and households is in and of itself a pattern of emerging constellations of societal concerns.

Finally, we will consider the design of housing in the wake of social media and its ability to collect and group individuals into constantly changing constellations of “households� and speculate on its impact on the design of a housing unit.

Craig Konyk, critic a

c

b

b

b

a. Alex Lavecchia b. Dae Young Kim c. Dong Gyum Park

31

Master of Architecture | Third Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Housing in the Gowanus Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn This studio attempted to focus on the problem of housing in terms of the critical formation of “in-between” space, emphasizing the possibility of hybrid conditions, such as inside/outside, circulatory routing between entry and unit, and the relationship of the individual unit to the larger Gowanus community. The exploration was based on formal methods, as well as grounded in the idea that transitional, public space can encourage higher social interaction, and develop interrelationships of units into localized neighborhood settings.

A primary goal was the interrelationship of housing into the larger patterns of the context, through the synthesis of mixed uses, defining figurative urban space, and the aggregation of units into “group” form.

The studio attempted to define the formal parameters of the “in-between” through two alternative exercises: The first focused on the exploration of “Public Structure,” or systems of linkages serving as the social and circulatory armature of the building. The other exercise explored the in-between in terms of the building facade conceived as a “thickened” space rather than the traditional taut limit between internal and external space. The intent was to understand facades as spatial systems of mediation which can perform to mediate environmental forces, achieving energy conservation and sustainability, as well as a space of intermediate interior-exterior habitation and functional accommodation.

Richard Scherr, critic a

a

b

b

c

c

a

a. Matthew Buyer b. John Redington c. Victoria Maceira

33

Master of Architecture | Third Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Catalysts in Gowanus Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn The area around the Gowanus canal is both a contested development site and a neighborhood with a profound sense of identity. It is a mistake to dismiss its industrial surfaces as merely something to sweep out and replace with the accoutrements of conventional housing developments--the green lawn, the quaint lamp--as you might miss the true character of this neighborhood: the taxidermy cabarets, the canoe dredgers club, and the myriad of nightlife venues and studio workshops. These students worked on this site in the Fall of 2011, just as a large developer was pulling out of Gowanus after much of the area was declared a Superfund site. This respite in the development schedule gave both the neighborhood and this studio an opportunity to find alternatives to the housing initially proposed: hundreds of shiny new housing units surrounded by the requisite manicured grounds. The students looked for housing development alternatives that did not involve the complete erasure of the existing site.

Initially, the students set out to make projects that would act as catalysts for future development. In lieu of the large sweeping gesture, the small project, 50 housing units + a mixed use component, and the careful negotiation of existing ground conditions and formal typologies so that the projects were the architectural equivalent of the free radical in chemistry--project ready to link up and transform with the next built addition . This is not say that architecture was not operative--the industrial context also gave us permission to investigate large scale moves. Housing that occupies what was previously industrial means that the domestic environment can revel in the oversized spaces it inherits. In these project, the domestic program benefited from the industrial-size gesture--large light well cuts penetrating the building mass, for example.

Maria Sieira, critic a

a

b

b

c

b

a. Marcus Ziemke b. Kyle Dunnington c. Alexander Davis

35

Molly Hare + Michael Licht + Christina Ostermier Alexandra Barker, critic

Master of Architecture

COMPREHENSIVE DESIGN STUDIO In the Master of Architecture fourth semester design studio, students undertake the design of a Comprehensive Architectural Project (CAP).

Students work in groups and are assigned a program of moderate complexity on sites with varying climatic conditions. The projects are brought to a high level of completion and incorporate extensive site and climate analysis, material research, structural and mechanical system design, and the documentation of construction details. The agenda for the studio is to develop a collaborative approach across disciplines that can produce architecture that is able to integrate systems at the scale of the building and make connections to infrastructural networks at the urban scale. To accomplish this, the course is taught concurrently with the Integrated Building Systems seminar (IBS), the culminating course in the technology sequence, where instructors in the disciplines of structural, mechanical, environmental and facade engineering advise students alongside the design instructors in the studio. This year, the project was to design a transport station in a range of urban climatic regions and cultural contexts. Sites included Istanbul, Turkey, Rio de Janiero, Brazil, Las Vegas, Nevada, Chicago, Illinois, and Lagos, Nigeria.

Alexandra Barker, coordinator

FACULTY Kutan Ayata Alexandra Barker StĂŠphanie Bayard James Garrison Erich Schoenenberger

Master of Architecture | Fourth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Intermodal Transport and Cultural Hub Lagos, Nigeria The project for this studio was a new transportation and cultural hub for the nascent train, bus, and ferry network of the metropolitan area of Lagos, a city with an incredibly rapid growth rate with about 15.5 million current inhabitants. The agenda for the studio was to incorporate sustainable practices such as passive solar design, passive cooling, and geothermal/hydrothermal heat sourcing into a design that was responsive to the site and programmatic conditions.

The studio focused on the examination of climatological, topological and cultural aspects of the city as generators for the design concept.

The students also researched speculative materialities and systems that would take advantage of the unique conditions of the coastal city location and tropical climate.

One project incorporated a landscape proposal that would be a component of a new waterfront edge park. Another project included a rhythmic system of structural components inspired by highlife, the music of Lagos, incorporating a performance space as part of the program. A third project drew form from the pattern of the harmattan, the seasonal winds from the Sahara.

Alexandra Barker, critic

a b

a c a

b

a. Molly Hare + Michael Licht + Christina Ostermier b. Matthew Buyer + Nicole Petitpierre + Shawn Walsh c. Mauricio Huaylla + Courtney Jones + Erin Kelly

39

Master of Architecture | Fourth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Sogutlucesme Intermodal Train Station Istanbul, Turkey Various modes of railway infrastructure in Istanbul have been going through ambitious transformation in the last decade to remedy the congested vehicular traffic. In addition to the Hi-Speed Train to operate between Istanbul and the Capital, Ankara, the start of an extensive subway network is beginning to take shape. Then, there is the Marmaray Project which aims to connect the east and west ends of the city through a light rail system traveling through the world’s deepest submerged tunnel below the Bosporus, connecting Europe and Asia.

The project site for the redesign of the existing Sogutlucesme Station, is on the Asian side and will be the first above ground station for Marmaray and the Hi-Speed train connecting passengers to inner and intercity destinations. This is also the termination point for the Metro-Bus line which connects passengers to the European Side via the Bosporus Bridge. The existing Station is situated in a rather desolate park at the termination point of the highway connecting the southern Asian coast of the city to the European side. In addition to citywide connectivity, the station locally provides access to a mixeduse neighborhood, a major Soccer Stadium, the Borough Municipality and a soon to be built Convention Center.

The studio explored the typology of the train station as an extension of the park. At stake is the immediate local architectural/landscape performance of a regional infrastructural intervention. How does one mediate the shift from regional to local, from infrastructural to architectural, from architectural to landscape and back?

How do the lines blur in-between? When, where and how does one begin to wait for the next train?

Kutan Ayata, critic a b b

c a

c

a. Stephanie Leib + Eban Singer + Stephen Ullman b. Aylin Cinarli + Anastasia Filippeou + Elisa Li c. Jonathan Blistan + Heena Patel

41

Master of Architecture | Fourth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

MaracanĂŁ Transit Station Rio de Janeiro, Brazil This studio emphasized the relationship between conceptual ideas taught in the second year Design Studio and technical aspects of the project developed in the concurrent Integrated Building System seminar. Through tight correlations between these two classes, students were given the opportunity to engage multiple aspects of a programmatically complex building, from the fundamental structural system to the finish materials, fully developing the project to the level of architectural detail.

The program of the Studio was the design of an urban light rail station in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The site, along a railroad, is located in between the Maracana Olympic Stadium, the campus of the University of Rio, the city Zoo and a large nearby Favela. Therefore, the site and the program became a major axis of exchange for the surrounding neighborhoods, incorporating many temporal and programmatic combinations of use.

Railways have an inherent linear organization between nodes and absorb geographical territory, and train stations along their linear structure deal with routine and repetition. Still, there is often constant flux and un-programmed events that unfold similar to the way Favelas informally develop as self-organized structure or Salsa and music events often happen in unplanned way in Brazil. Train stations exhibit this sense of temporariness and express in-between spaces intrinsic to the program, yet they can also help reorganize a neighborhood by becoming a centralized public space. The retails and market associated to the train station became a window exhibiting Brazilian specialties during events while fulfilling market needs of daily users.

This studio researched transformation of the repetitive elements, whether structural, occupational or programmatic, in order to produce of a piece of infrastructure affording events to happen and to self re-organized depending on the current conditions. Students took into account the specific geographical, climatic and urban conditions to design a performative building that decreased dependency on external energy sources while simultaneously engaging social, political and programmatic challenges.

StĂŠphanie Bayard, critic

a

b a b

c

a. Alexander Davis + Matthew Lightner + Annette Miller b. Michael Grieser + Victoria Maceira + Sierra Sharron c. Cara Hyde-Basso + Liduam Pong + Emmy-Juliette Rodriguez

43

Master of Architecture | Fourth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Sky Station Las Vegas, NV This studio was concerned with the design and technical development of a light rail system on Las Vegas Boulevard. As the CAP studio requires the integration of design and technology, a program of limited complexity was proposed to allow the studio teams to reach a high level of resolution and to more fully integrate a complete technical proposition. Each project required the design of an elevated rail system, a means of access to that system, and an enclosure for the station. Each scheme was to be prototypical and designed for use at multiple locations. Three approaches were developed centered around a cable stayed arch system made of carbon fiber, a parametric dia-grid enclosed with ETFE pillows, and and cable stayed track supports with attached access platforms. The schemes were designed to generate all required operating energy.

James Garrison, critic a

a

a

a. Alex Lavecchia + Adam New + Stephen Richardson

45

Master of Architecture | Fourth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Clybourn Railway Station Chicago, IL The students were asked to develop a design for a railway station on the Clybourn stop of the Chicago Metro North Line. Chicago has received funding from the government to develop the north south high speed railway corridor and is developing plans to bring the railway infrastructure to modern standards. Clybourn station, located a few stops north of the city center, has the potential to become an important north south train junction. The site of the station boarders an old industrial area that is currently undergoing major changes to become a retail area and an historic residential area.

The potential of the site to become an important urban connector both in terms of public transportation as well as in tying two neighborhoods together was presented as the starting condition for the design process. The students investigated the various opportunities to interface local neighborhoods with the trains and the retail area. The prospective of the station to become a crossing point of multiple aspects revealed itself as an important factor. The students elaborated and extended the basic arrival / departure function and proposed ideas for new approaches to this historic building type.

Erich Schoenenberger, critic a b

a

b

a. Kyle Dunnington + Andrew Kroll + Trey Lindsay b. Jon Fox + Jennifer Gottlieb + Marissa Liff

47

Jeremiah Lo

Sulan Kolatan, critic

Jason Vigneri-Beane, coordinator

ADVANCED OPTION DESIGN FACULTY Vito Acconci Tania Branquinho Meta Brunzema Joseph Giovannini Hina Jamelle Sulan Kolatan

Peter Macapia David Ruy Erich Schoenenberger Henry Smith-Miller Scot Teti M. Ludovica Tramontin

SOA

For both sets of students, the option studios are an environment in which the important challenges of advanced studio culture may intensify both collectively and individually emerging positions on contemporary design thinking, intelligence and execution.

Accomplished instructors with diverse and progressive interests are invited to lead these intense and exploratory studios that contribute deeply to the evolving identity of the program. Themes explored in the option studios this year included: parametric design and evolving building technologies; complex urbanism and institutional logics; relationships among landscape, ecology and architectural formation; techno-social change and architectural innovation; structure, mobility and hybridization; systems, megastructures and architectural urbanism; digital techniques and material innovation; cultural production and architectural frameworks; and iterative logics of digital design.

RESEARCH

The Graduate Architecture and Urban Design program’s option studios create a progressive environment for (upper-level) firstprofessional and post-professional students to engage in advanced design research through a number of specially formulated themes in contemporary architectural design research, practice and discourse. For first-professional students, they act as a vehicle to push capabilities accrued throughout the core curriculum through advanced design scenarios. They bring post CAP-studio skills into more speculative venues that are further intensified in relation to advanced electives accessible at this point in the program. For post-professional students they are opportunities to confront new territories and emerging questions in architecture culture in the ascent towards a thesis formulation.

PSPD

ADVANCED OPTION DESIGN STUDIOS

GAUD

Master of Architecture and Master of Science in Architecture

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The Prison of Architecture The premise of this studio is: When you design a space, you are inherently designing people’s behavior in that space -- in other words, without you saying anything, the space is telling (or at least showing) people what to do, how to be, in that space -- in still other words. Architecture (at least for now, at least for the time being) is a totalitarian activity. Therefore, since this is what you are doing as an architect anyway, do it with purpose and intention and commitment (at least for the time being) -- design a prison.

If you were in prison, you’d be doing time -- nobody says, about being in prison: you are doing space…Since a prisoner is doing time, and since all architecture (at least for now, at least if you agree with me) makes a prison, or something like a prison, then architecture is the designing of time as well as space, You experience space by going through it, and going through space takes time, you go through space instant by instant…

One purpose of this studio is to put student/architects into a doublebind: you might hate punishment, yet here you are now designing a prison…Does this prison have to be physical, or can it be only virtual?...

Should a prison be in a secluded, hidden place? Or can it be out in the open, should it be public, in the middle of an ordinary everyday place -- in the middle of a zoo, e.g…Can a prison for the mind substitute for a prison for the body? Only 2 of the 11 people in this studio are women: are men more drawn to designing a prison than women? would these same men build a prison or would they rather only design one that remains unbuilt -- now that they’ve designed one, would they then go on to design another, & another, never actually building any…Is every unbuilt project a prison, or is it a way of never building a prison...

Vito Acconci, critic a

b

b

a. Michael Leach b. Roman Chikerinets

51

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Transition Studio 2.0 Poughkeepsie, NY It is urgent to rethink the evolutionary capacity of historic Hudson River and Erie Canal towns like Hudson, Kingston, Poughkeepsie, Rome, and Lockport, each of which has been losing population and economic vitality for the last 40 years. Many post-industrial towns in Upstate New York struggle to maintain essential services and efforts to adapt these towns to 21st-century innovation and low-carbon economies have been severely constrained. As a result, a great deal of energy, creativity and resourcefulness of local citizens and businesses remains untapped.

The student work is a significant component of a regional plan that seeks to create hundreds of projects through creative competition between towns, businesses, or civic groups in partnership with the public sector over a 10-year period. The studio explored the design of a prototype “Pioneer District” located in a soon-to-be-depleted quarry in Poughkeepsie, NY. This experimental urban area was designed to provide space and opportunities to create significant industrial, commercial, and affordable housing growth; and to reenergize this post-industrial town along the Hudson River.

Drawing upon complex adaptive systems theory and cutting-edge economic and policy models, the new buildings, landscapes and social spaces in the Pioneer District were designed to support an “Energized Society” where citizens and businesses have opportunities to create value through creative collaboration, competition and new types of partnerships with the public sector. Interactivity, engagement and feedback define the urban realm.

The student projects propose alternatives to standardized real-estate development scenarios with the design public-private infrastructure prototypes, experimental live-work cooperative housing types, new manufacturing/research facilities and new biomass-based prefabricated buildings. In addition, subtle building/landscape interventions create spaces for open-air opera, performances, concerts, fairs and markets. The projects in Pioneer District are designed to grow, adapt and evolve over time. Cumulatively, these experiments are intended to reshape larger social, cultural and economic systems.

Meta Brunzema, critic a b

c

b

a. Christian Strom b. Masha Pekurovsky + Jeffrey Autore c. Jeffrey Autore + Hsing Chung Su + Masha Pekurovsky

53

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Performing Arts Center Battery Park City, New York Today’s digital techniques allow us to deal with the full complexity of material systems, by offering the tools to create effects that exceed the sum of their parts. Elegant Formations will examine some ways in which this can contribute to the formulation of architecture, utilizing generative techniques for the evaluation of growth patterns and their variation in the development of form.

The act of designing using digital techniques is reliant on a two-way exchange of information. By allowing for positive feedback, these systems become open to opportunities to incorporate responsiveness, contingency, and the accidental in their generative process. Digital techniques circumvent pre-determined analytical processes that focus on fixed formal issues such as figure/ground, ideal types and static program. Instead, these projects give primacy to FORMations that are in variation, scale-less, accumulative and subject to changes that may shift in part to whole relationships, spatial qualities and color.

In addition, projects using digital techniques incorporate program, space, structure, and enclosure into a singular formation that incorporates a range of experiences and formal variations of gradated intensities.

The explorations of Elegant Formations seek to push beyond the austerities of digital technique, encouraging concerns for refinement, precision, to unleash a visual intelligence pertinent for architectural design. The most sophisticated of contemporary projects use this intelligence to achieve nuances within the formal, spatial and material variation of projects.

The site is on West Street between Murray Street and Warren Street in Battery Park City. Catalyzed by the World Trade Center Development and newly completed Goldman Sachs Global Headquarters, the program is of a uniquely configured performing arts center. Each student will determine and refine the particular program during the course of the semester. The goals for each student is to deal with a range of familiar architectural issues- how to turn a corner, how to add to an existing building, vertical circulation and structure for example.

The intended result is a project exhibiting innovative architectural features in variation, produced using topological surfaces and component arrangements with different spatial and material qualities contributing to the development of architecture.

Hina Jamelle, critic a

a

a

a. Lauren Burdelsky + Alanna Kleiner + Mithila Poojari

55

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Aquatic Operations_Museum of Water Istanbul, Turkey The studio will focus on designing a Museum of Water along the water’s edge in Istanbul. Water –both as a subject and a physical presence- plays a significant role in Istanbul. It touches everyone’s lives in good and bad ways. Access to clean water and the shore, however, is not a given for everyone. The program is intended to provoke the exploration of the political, cultural and environmental implications of water to the fullest extent. In the beginning of the studio, we will survey the evolution of these issues in relationship to each other and how they pertain to urban culture today.

The design of the museum building and landscape will follow a twostage process. In the first phase, students will be asked to create a spatial concept of building on water based on the simulation of fluid dynamics. We will transpose the behavioral model of “oil and water” to “built-matter and water”. This will encourage a mutual effect between the building and its liquid site. Once the spatial organization is designed, the second phase will follow with the creation of topological cell morphologies. The qualities of these three-dimensional complexity and holiness, are helpful to generate floatation as well as sectional relations to water.

In order to develop a non-standard design for this museum we will continue referencing and discussing the museum as an evolving type, and the museum of water as an emerging category. Students are encouraged to emphasize a single one of the many aspects of the subject of water, such as ecology, infrastructure, pleasure, hydrology, athletics, cleansing, health, commerce, spirituality and others to be discussed.

Sulan Kolatan, critic a a c

c b

c

a. Jeremiah Lo b. Susan Park c. Chang-Kuang Chao

57

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The Agricultural Villa The goal of this studio is to develop new design ideas for the interrelationship of architecture and landscape. Though the agricultural villa was once a clear emblem of architecture’s dominant and rational position relative to a natural landscape (Palladio’s Villa Rotunda, for example), in the 21st century, architecture’s relationship to landscape has become manifold and complex. Even the notion of agriculture itself has become expansive and generalized to include such things as solar farms or data farms. Is this just a metaphor of agriculture? Or has the distinction between the natural and the artificial become so vague that we are literally cultivating and harvesting energy and information through technology just as we would through a plant? If we accept this expanded notion of agriculture, what is an agricultural villa today?

An important subtext for the development of design proposals is the premise that nature is not an object “over there” in constant conflict with the artificiality of human interests, but that nature is itself an invented construct that is as artificial as architecture.

David Ruy, critic a b

c a b

c

a. Michelle Fowler b. Bridget Rice c. Sarah Ruel-Bergeron

59

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Gene Adaptation Pier 40, Manhattan There is and has been a great deal of discourse on ecology and sustainability in recent times. How we live and how we take care of our environment is of great importance to most. This studio will focus on Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology both much debated and controversial aspects of the ecology discourse.

Cultivating plants and selective breeding has been done for countless generations. There are references of selective breeding in many other historic artifacts. It made the domestication of humans possible.

Crafting new breeds and plants traditionally takes decades and it is impossible through selective breeding to mix traits from two totally different species. That is precisely where genetic engineering comes into play.

Genetic engineering and biotechnology have a much polluted reputation. Agricultural corporations are widely criticized for their ruthless politics in marketing their systems, while sideling concerns about the impact of the products on the environment. Recent documentary movies have brought awareness to the doing of these Biotech companies.

There are however many creative and novel uses of biotechnology.

Recently, a genetically modified salt tolerant cereal crops was created.

The researchers modified genes specifically around the plant’s water conducting pipes so that salt is removed from the transpiration stream before it gets to the shoot.

The objective of this design studio was not be to take sides in this debate or to solve ecological problems but rather to explore how an architectural design would organize and formalize itself in the face of a manipulated and engineered “nature”.

The program of the intervention was an “Open Source Laboratory”, a new kind of institution that finds itself between a Museum of Biology and a genetic testing laboratory, between a farming university and a Corporate headquarter. The studio debated the question how such an Open Source Laboratory could operate to produce an interaction of different groups.

The site is Pier 40 on Manhattan’s west side, a shoreline that was lined with manmade piers until recently. Only few of these piers remain and are mostly adapted new programmatic uses. Pier 40 is a large 800 x 900 ft pier that is currently used as part parking garage and part soccer fields.

Erich Schoenenberger, critic a

b c

c

a. Joshua Maddox b. Yasin Ozdemir c. Luke Cunnington

61

M. Arch + M.S. Arch | Fifth + Second Semesters

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Breathable Space Sardinia, Italy This studio aims to engage parametric design with projects that reflects a desire to go beyond an all-out focusing on complex form making and digital production to extend the discourse on its effects on program and human inhabitation at different scales. We are interested in materials that have a ‘propensity’ for inducing novel sensorial experiences when reacting to changing environmental parameters.

In particular, we will focus on a certain ambiguity between material, structure and performance that may be created when interesting dualities between classically conceived opposite performances are coexisting in the same system (waterproof and porous).

The site proposed for investigation is located in the waterfront of the city of Cagliari, Sardinia (Italy) in the historical Port of the Via Roma.

The program proposed for the studio is an institutional center building for the new representative office facilities of the Port Authority of Cagliari (55,000 sf).

Our design would like to shift the attention from the skin to the building acting as an environmental mediator - from the inside out.

The skin of the existing building - the old Maritime Station in the Port of Cagliari- will be removed or reconceived like an internal articulation of layers performing differently in relation to comfort requirements, indoor air quality, thermal air comfort, external climate variations. The idea is to reorient the outside public activities and shade them into the interior volume. Inside the building you will have the impression of walking outside, along an open breathable structure -the lungs of the building.

The project would like to propose an alternative approach to green architecture and energy saving design concepts considering weather fluctuations and seasonal changes not as a constraint but as a stimulus for an adaptive and sensual architecture.

M. Ludovica Tramontin, critic a b b

d c a

a

a. Leslie Forehand b. Kerim Eken c. Monica Blasko + Madeline Nero d. Steven Christian + Kyle Day

63

Master of Architecture | Sixth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Homes on the Move: Buildings on Buildings The premise of this studio is: Everybody hates immigrants…Why? Because people exaggerate something when they’re afraid they’re going to lose it, when they’re afraid it’s not going to be around much longer – people hate immigrants because they’re afraid that, sooner or later. they won’t have immigrants to kick around anymore…In the future, maybe even the near-future, there’ll be no countries, no national boundaries, no borders – you never have to go home because you’ve never left home, you’re always home: like a turtle you wear your home on your back, you never have to go outside, you’re in & out at the same time, all you have to do is pull yourself up inside…

PART 1: GO AHEAD, PRACTICE FOR TOMORROW -- DESIGN A HOME THAT YOU DRIVE, A HOME THAT MOVES, A HOME THAT MOVES YOU AS IT MOVES… Now what do you do with your home when you’re not driving it, when you’re still inside it but now you’re not moving for a while, you’re resting, you’re going to sleep…

PART 2: GO ALL THE WAY, LET YOUR HOME BE A PARASITE -- LET YOUR HOME LIVE ON & OFF ANOTHER BUILDING -- LET YOUR HOME SURVIVE THROUGH OTHERS, LET YOUR HOME LIVE OFF OTHERS… (2nd thoughts, 3rd thoughts: this building you’re driving, does it have to be a house, a home? or can it be some other kind of building? what kind? depending on what, do you need/want other people to drive with you, tp drive you around, are you growing into an army…)

Vito Acconci, critic a

a

b

b

c

c

a

a. Michael Leach b. Manuel Castaneda c. Monica Blasko

65

Master of Architecture | Sixth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

VERTICAL 2 Manhattan, NY As buildings get bigger and taller, a design logic of engineering and maximization takes over, and the qualities that architects can afford to develop in smaller buildings—for example, differential moments of irregularity, specificity and diversity—get eliminated in the process of multiplication and standardization. The price of this drive to economy is monotony, resulting in diminishing returns of the building as experience. The qualitative cedes to the quantitative in an inverse proportional relationship made formulaic by the calculus of efficiency.

The studio, “The Z Dimension,” addressed the typology of the high-rise as a gridded, pancaked, cored, tubed, sealed, planimetric building type. Students used designated, invented an accidental program to open and spatialize the form of the high-rise, enlisting appropriate computer programs to question the usual assumption of the high-rise as a repetitive extrusion. Students were asked not to reinvent form or reshape the tube, but to find and invent space in the high rise, especially space in the Z dimension. The idea was to open the solid and explore interiors and interstices programmatically, environmentally, socially and even poetically.

Space is not a consequence of form but instead a vector opening form to diversified functions. Spaces liberated from the pancake can acquire enhanced socializing and environmental roles. Space emerges as a positive rather than a negative, figure rather than ground.

There is a history to space, and students explored “alternate” spatialities, such as Piranesian, Suprematist, Einsteinian, Fourth Dimensional, Cubist, Oblique, torqued, vectorial, Force Field, multiperspectival, optical, kinetic, space in a brief sketch – before applying what they observed to the main design challenge of the studio: a mixed-use project of several million square feet on a super block on the east end of the Hudson Rail Yards.

Joseph Giovannini, critic a

a

b c

c

b

a. Susan Park b. Frances Fox c. Michael Austin

67

Master of Architecture | Sixth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Farming Extreme in New York Manhattan, NY The studio will focus on developing a new architectural building typology in response to the emerging vertical farm program. This is a unique opportunity to explore and propose a new building type from scratch as the requirements of the program suggest a rethinking of urbanity and verticality in connection with agricultur. Inversely, it is also a reimagining of agriculture that is not connected to the ground and grows without the presence of earth.

Current designs for agri-tectures seldom rise to the occasion as they place new technologies into old design strategies. A survey of urban agriculture environments, however, points to the potential for an ambiance of surreal beauty where the absence of earth as an element of farming elevates the vegetable patch into a realm of precise abstraction. This un-soiled way of growing comes courtesy of hydroponics and constitutes the majority of urban farming activities.

Freed from their connection to the ground, vegetables become objects of contemplation –design elements within larger spatial installations. In these new scenarios, farmers are curators of flora in 3D space.

Topology One of the tasks of the studio then is to consider the vegetables and fruits as occupants of the building in addition to people. The consequences are quite radical in that plants adapt to gravity in ways humans do not with the result of being able to grow in any orientation in space (–and even without gravity to hold them in place). Therefore the range of spatial definitions in this type is much broader than in humans-only environments. Unlike humans, plants grow in any direction but the hydroponic system also allows for a freedom of the surface (surfaces can be flat, angular or curved) as well as a freedom from the surface. Students are asked to fully exploit the potential for extreme space-making in relation to topology.

NYC Site The site is located in the empty block bounded by the Westside Highway, 18th Street, 10th Avenue, and 17th Street.

Sulan Kolatan + Robert Cervellione, critic a

b

c

c

a. Madeline Nero b. Luke Cunnington c. Eric Engdahl

69

Master of Architecture | Sixth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

WHERE IS THE OPERA? Manhattan, NY This studio is about architecture and urban culture in the 21st century.

The mingling of spectacle and space, of intimacy and explosion. The architecture here is not a stage nor is it merely the spectacle of its own image – it is all one thing, city, street, building. One is looking as it were for an architecture no longer obsessed with form, but one which performs disappearance and discovery at one and the same moment.

It would have to be more than a building, more than an institution, more than a technique, more than an argument. It has to be, today, in the city, a conversation that spans across the city, a conversation we know is already intimately connected with other cities in massively changing geopolitical circumstances. And the key, of course, is public space. Not what it is, but where it is at any moment that architecture risks the question of space. Walter Benjamin could not have seen that when he wrote the following about film and architecture as the only two radical forms of future art.

“Architecture has never been idle. Its history is more ancient than that of any other art, and its claim to being a living force has significance in every attempt to comprehend the relationship of the masses to art.

For the tasks which face the human apparatus of perception at the turning points of history cannot be solved by optical means, that is, by contemplation, alone. They are mastered gradually by habit, under the guidance of tactile appropriation.”

The aim of the studio, the second in a series called The Feeling of a city, is to explore the city as a series of textures and interstitial spaces and develop a concert hall/auditorium program that is both hidden and transformative, of how we experience the city through architecture. Concert halls or performance spaces that sprawl across blocks, that intersect odd and sometimes controversial programs, that wind through alleys and vacancies, shifting and sliding, approaching the urban culture like a homeless person and a tourist at one and the same moment. There will be moments in which design will become manifest and obvious, but there will be moments where the skills of the architect work best as ambush rather than icon. Computation and algorithmic design, along with digital morphodynamic designs are an important part of the studio strategy. Students will be asked to cultivate their own tools and manifest a particular authorial intention with regard to how they relate – internally – the other problems defined by the studio.

Peter Macapia, critic a b

c

a

a. Vida Chang b. Daniel Coughlin c. Roman Chikerinets

71

Master of Architecture | Sixth Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA Anchorage to Atlantic Avenue - A Field for Operations Brooklyn, NY New York, despite its highly developed and advanced urban condition, has paid little attention to its perimeters at its waters’ edges until recently. Many of these perimeters supported once “modern” infrastructures that have since evolved into obsolete inaccessible territories of the Robert Moses Era; the West Side Highway, the FDR Drive, and the Brooklyn Queens Expressway.

The “Parkway” appeared to alleviate and give definition to an ever densifying and chaotic urban condition. Instead, the device rendered neighborhoods into dysfunctional ghettos, creating lost territories, useless in-between spaces, while divorcing the city from one of its greatest assets; the waterways and estuaries of the Harbor. The evisceration of these arteries is an urban impossibility.

The Brooklyn Queens Expressway (BQE) is a futuristic palisade that renders Brooklyn Heights and its neighboring communities far from its River. At Brooklyn Bridge Park the BQE is an urban Interstate Highway with North and South bound roadways stacked at 22’ high elevations.

The palisade created, a 66’ man-made cliff, is a topographical barrier that severs Brooklyn from its waterside. Could this palisade become an urban asset and how?

The City’s planners are thinking to cap the roadway. Their intention is to stitch the Brooklyn urban fabric to the Harbor’s edge, mitigate the effects of an urban Interstate Highway, and host access to a 21st Century Park.

Students were asked to determine their own methodology for the development of their project, possibly starting with a review of traditional means and methods of architectural production as in site, program, form and scale. Students were asked to present their idea for the project in the first week of the studio. In the context of the Brooklyn Bridge Park site, the idea may have been as complicated as an entirely new city, or as simple as a means for traversing the Brooklyn Queens Expressway, from Brooklyn Heights to the water’s edge.

Henry Smith-Miller + Scot Teti, critic a

b c

b

a. Aditi Amalean b. Bridget Rice c. Jeffrey Autore

73

Katia Loizou

William MacDonald, critic

Master of Science in Architecture

DESIGN STUDIOS The three-semester Master of Science, Architecture Program is an investigative, rigorous, and progressive environment for experimentation and research into advanced architectural designresearch and discourse. Option studios, seminars, a range of electives and a thesis are opportunities for both individual and collective work on themes/practices that examine existing assumptions and potential futures in architecture. Some of these studios and courses have looked closely at emergent forms of organization, computational techniques, and parametric design; networks, flows, and collective intelligence; complexity in urban, architectural, and institutional systems; innovative building systems, advanced materials, and digital fabrication techniques; trans-disciplinary thinking from scientific models to film theory; scenario-planning and near-future thinking; multi-dimensional agency in architecture and urbanism; globalization, ecology and far-from equilibrium thinking.

The program questions the multitude of assumptions that lie behind the architectural conventions of program, site, and design methodology in order to create new design processes, strategies, technologies, and conceptions of architecture in a period of rapid change. What is more, the MS ARCH program believes in a strong methodological component to architectural innovation and seeks to provide such a component to students in a variety of ways. The program brings a diverse and international group of students into many provocative discussions and operations currently underway in the discipline and practice of architecture.

“The world of organized artifice is transforming in ways that are poorly understood and little explored.” -excerpted from Bruce Sterling, Shaping Things This year’s thesis sequence developed projects around architectural innovations that might emerge out of speculations on nearfuture scenarios. This sense of speculative realism (as opposed to sensationalized futuring) provided a framework for collective research to be mined and expanded in the formulation of thesis projects that might ultimately propose architectural structures that are evolved, differentiated and inflective of future-potential conditions. In thesis research students were asked to formulate relational constructs among design methodologies, trends in such arenas as techno-social change, radical ecology and global urbanization as well as speculations on architectural production, materials and fabrication. In addition, the international make-up of the student body was cultivated to encourage global-local thinking and diversity in sites of operation. At the same time, questions of innovation were related to Sterlings’s suggestion of a world in transformation that, while under-explored, will be suffused with potential novelty. Within this framework, students constructed scenario-based approaches to project formulation that targeted identifiably emergent socio-cultural phenomena, giving rise to potentially innovative architectural proposals and explorations of evolving design methodology.

The development of architectural innovation through “preresponsive” projects intended to explore unknowns and uncertainties while positioning design-research in relation to complexity, dynamics, connectivity, migration, production, ecological intensification, spatial transformation, infrastructural development, advanced materiality, rapid techno-social change, and the creative destruction of architectural norms.

Jason Vigneri-Beane, coordinator

DESIGN STUDIO FACULTY Thomas Leeser William MacDonald Philip Parker Erich Schoenenberger Jason Vigneri-Beane

Master of Science in Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA ‘Multi-Media ART Center’ [MMAC] Brooklyn Battery Tunnel Entrance to Manhattan, NY In concert with Mayor Bloomberg’s “We are Made in NY” campaign, a multi-platform initiative promoting the city’s technology and digital sector that joins the resources of NYC, existing businesses, with the advancement of new associated institutions and start-up companies, the studio proposed a Multi-Media ART Complex [MMAC] along with the development of a city plaza at the Brooklyn Battery Tunnel Entrance in Manhattan. What is at stake for the studio is ‘How does one conceive of a new kind of ‘design and high technology guild’ environment in the city, that needs to be comprised of both private and public concerns?’ How do we strive to create a continually evolving ‘mutual-istic environment’ of form, space and network influence for the 21st century? The approach and methodology for the studio was to investigate these issues via an exploration of ‘systemic hybridity’ in form and space, a ‘MU-T-en’ environment, which oscillates between system and object, privacy and publicity, community and individual. The studio takes advantage of the Multi-Media Complex and is multi-valent relations to these issues as means of addressing this cultural problematic.

William MacDonald, critic a c

b

a d a

d

a. Katia Loizou b. Isaac Michan c. Asli Agirbas d. Anja Pavlin

77

Master of Science in Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Institution & Mutation Manhattan, NY Water changes states, it moves back and forth among its phases as solid, liquid and gaseous matter. It readily changes its boundaries with other materials in a constant global flux. Material flux, changes in matter’s local relationships provide a varied understanding of boundary and connection, it demonstrates multiple manifestations of continuity and difference. The water’s edge along the Hudson River, its rising and inundating condition is constantly in the background effecting an intensive and variable boundary. This edge has consistently sponsored a material, social, cultural remix – as an attractor it supports the shifting, enfolding, in-mixing of everything it divides.

In the last decade the liquid edge of the Hudson River has begun to meet an expanding edge of Manhattan’s west side and their contact has been reframed as an almost exclusive site of recreation and leisure. In current proposals the monoculture of an industrial edge is replaced by another single use, its antithesis – the leisure edge; along this line cultural, scientific and educational uses are rare. Our project proposes a remix of the city’s solid/liquid boundaries, the migrations and evolutions of its institutions at sites along the Hudson River Park.

As the nineteenth and twentieth centuries formulated cities around the distinctions of the park – and the skyscraper, thus rethinking the city as the relations between the ‘natural’ growing park and the open air of the ‘sky’; another vital new space is forming along the once inaccessible river’s edge. New York Harbor is readily seen as a new zone, its open edges and accessibility produce its attraction across a huge spectrum of interest, they also produce intensely conflicted edges along miles of shoreline.

What happens in the contemporary metropolis when its social functions are hybridized, producing new ‘institutions’ based in emerging zones of difference and convergence? What are the collective spaces, surfaces, scapes, meshes, and networks of the contemporary city? What are the objects formed at this variable edge?

Philip Parker, critic a b

c a

d c

d

a. Karan Maniar b. Merve Poyraz c. Ching-Tsung Huang d. Jiacong Zeng

79

Master of Science in Architecture | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Hyper Density Manhattan, NY In David Owen’s book Green Metropolis “Why Living Smaller, Living Closer, and Driving Less are the Keys to Sustainability,” he is arguing that New York City is one of the most sustainable cities in the U.S. because of its high population density. While NYC is one of the world’s largest cities, per capita fuel usage is low – people walk, bike, or use public transportation instead of relying on cars. Also, per capita energy usage is also low – stacked and compact apartments and businesses are more energy efficient than the national average. The environmental lessons of New York City are: live smaller, live closer and drive less.

With this statement as the opening premise to the studio the students were asked to conceptionalize and design ideas for a hyper dense parking / short term living complex on an infill site in New York’s dense lower Manhattan neighborhood. The studio investigated packing strategies utilized in various fields with the objective to develop novel strategies for packing short term living and parking. The ecology of circulating people and cars through dense pack spaces, exposure to the exterior and small living conditions came to be all crucial aspects of the design ideas.

The studios work resulted in a vigorous discussion of future growth potentials of dense urban spaces and the confrontation with vital living qualities associated with such hyper dense conditions.

Erich Schoenenberger, critic a

a b

a

b

a

a. Erdem Tuzun b. Sina Özbudun

81

Master of Science in Architecture | Third Semester Thesis

BIO-ARCHITECTURAL HYBRID : A World of Water Maldives This thesis is an exploration of the hybridization of architectural technology and natural processes, in a near-future scenario in which our planet has been rendered uninhabitable for humans due to selfinflicted environmental degradation and climate change. The project is played out as a scenario in a future Maldives where sea levels have risen beyond ground level.

The alternative systems of settlement thus establish a new reality where biology and technology exist in a state of symbiosis. By creating a new bionic environment that grafts the remnant biologies with technological implants, we can create a new habitable human environment. In this new environment, it will be necessary to provide water, food, and shelters for human habitation. Three prototypical components are created to cater to these three aspects of grow, sell/ distribute and live.

“Maldives 2050, 0600 hrs : The inhabitants of Cluster12_2 (triclusterNumber_clusterNumber1/2/3) have our dedicated community farming day today. agPad_64 is scheduled for planting and should be arriving at the loading dock soon. It has already made its way through the outer rings of pads, and is navigating through the root systems; estimated time of arrival is 5 minutes. The warm morning glow spreads across Aggregation_07 glinting off the droplets on the condensation shells, rich with the dew formed overnight.

Today we are going to be doing a split planting between watermelon and sweet potato. I estimate that it’s going to take us all day to get the agPad grow-ready since there are 6 pairs of farmhands on deck today, albeit one lazy pair of hands! I guess my visit to HS_12 (harvest station for our tri-cluster) is going to have to wait until tomorrow. agPad_64 has made it’s way into the dock and has just locked into position. It’s time to get to work.”

Aarthi Janakiraman with Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA OFFIX: Flexible Architecture for a Nomadic Future Urban Context This thesis explores a range of issues that includes prefabrication of architectural components and augmentation of existing buildings in dense urban environments. It suggests a relationship between rapid prototyping of architectural systems and the increasingly rapid change in the residency of a future-speculative citizen of the working world – the global nomad. The near-future scenario for this project is further refined by proposing that an overpopulated world of work-forces in flux will be met by an architecture of adaptation, accretion, augmentation and infiltration. The project itself proposes the accumulation of unit-per-nomad assemblies that have been attached to the skins and cores of corporate high-rise office buildings in cities across the world.

Alanna Kleiner with Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic

83

Master of Science in Architecture | Third Semester Thesis

Adaptive Landscape Manhattan, NY Following the technology development, we have become to rely on portable devices. For engineers and software developers, those devices are interfaces to access information, social connections and other activities. However, I enlarged the interface scale from portable devices to an architectural, even urban scale. I proposed a responsive structure embedded in Bryant Park with underground storage for the New York Public Library (NYPL) functions as an interface between public park, library, archival space and users. On the one hand, adaptive surfaces with responsive structures substitute the landscape surface of the park and retain the park functions. On the other hand, adaptive surfaces allow people to enter into the library creating an in-between space below Bryant Park and beyond the automatic storage space. Space under Bryant Park is rearranged based on the assumption on books’ faith and is set up for extending the existing library functions and providing more possibilities in the future.

“Thus the archive itself an aspiration rather than a recollection.”

(Arjun Appadurai, Archive and Aspiration, 2010:16)

Chung-Kuang Chao with Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Project_4 Incorporated Suburban Pennsylvania Project_4 Incorporated takes place in a remote flat landscape somewhere in suburban Pennsylvania. In the early morning hours, foggy carpets cover the bare fields. Clusters of unruly grass, shrubs and occasional trees attract the deer, the coyotes and the detecting_drone patrols. Forest turtles have adapted to nest in the myco-engineered berms. In winter, the earth hides under the snow, and only the detecting poles (DU) lights are visible from a distance.

Just ten years ago this area was amidst a heated political debate over naval technologies applied by utility companies. Now, it’s a testing ground for restoring nature’s equilibrium with most advanced bio-robotic methods. This is where the scientists of Project_4 Incorporated are perfecting the system of synthetic bio-remediation and hunting down malfunctioning robots.

Human settlements are visible from a remote distance. Unlike during the industrial times, there are no fences around Project_4 grounds.

Yet, humans don’t like coming here- this area has caused too many problems over the years. Fire alarms in the middle of the night, leaks of toxins into the public water system that dried out all the trees in Battler’s public parks system over the course of one year, and rather strange encounters with robotic equipment that one can easily mistake to be a stationary structure while it is actually a manpowered tree planting bot or some other fast moving machine.

There are rumors about other Project_4 sites that became desired tourist destinations due to the popularity of rare floral mutations.

This site also has the potential to become home of the next model EcoNET in two decades or a high-end residential area with exemplary school system...

Project_4 Incorporated began as a distributed network of climate labs that participate in diagnostics and remediation of contaminated landscapes. The innovation, at the time, was that the corporation was comprised of both humans and robots, weaved to communicate over one wireless network. Together, these labs were to create an environmental surveillance alliance alerting of contamination levels found in water, soil and air.

Masha Pekurovsky with Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic

85

Master of Science in Architecture | Third Semester Thesis

MANUFACTURED COMMUNITIES Shenzhen, China This thesis provides a new type of design proposal for the contemporary factory which aims to redefine the relationship between man, built space, and the urban condition. As areas of manufacturing become centralized and more isolated, workers’ private lives be­come similarly constrained by a work and lack of free time and service space. This con­dition often results in the disconnection between the average worker and leisure space, and causes social unrest. Therefore, the thesis proposes the redesign of the urban condition based on the construction of a combination-cell which has the ability to dynamically ag­gregate, rather than the equal distribution of programs.

A single combination consists of living units, service sectors, leisure space, open space, green space, and restaurants, as well as a pedestrian system of transportation, educa­ tional space, and a working area. In addition, a proposal for spatial arrangement could be utilized to set the configuration to reduce mutual disturbance, improve professional knowledge, and extend as well as adapt to different manufactured layouts. Programs in combination share resources, structure, and the skin of the matrix as a whole. This sys­tem allows its community to achieve a great degree of organization, social engagement, communal cohesiveness, and efficiency.

Hsing Chung with Thomas Leeser, critic

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA INDABA AGORA: A FUSION OF DIGITAL AND PHYSICAL SPACE The city is where people seek to witness, create, and nourish the spectacle. The spectacle stands atop the endless monument in modern cities. However today, as the internet swallows up real space, the monument and the stage fall further into the background. The thesis melds together the functional and navigational qualities of the network (digital space) with that of Cartesian space (physical space).

The applications of digital space are embraced for their potential, and physical space is maintained as a body to immerse oneself in.

The product is a collaboration and practice space for musicians, immersive environments artists, and producers, that acknowledges the role technology plays in the evolution of art. Graphically and sonically digitized rooms allow musicians to practice/create in sensorily diverse environments, and for on-the-fly talent re-networking. Acoustic transmission allows for musical dĂŠrive through physical navigation as one experiences a natural re-mix while walking through the corridors.

The building allows for the same act to produce multiple outcomes; work, play, and performance occur simultaneously. The building serves as a checkpoint/oasis for dĂŠrive where the machine of the interior enhances the public space of the exterior in real time.

Ryan Griffin with Thomas Leeser, critic

87

Luana Reis

Ferda Kolatan, critic

The Graduate Architecture and Urban Design program also draws on the strengths of existing graduate programs in Architecture, Urban and Regional Planning, Historic Preservation as well as the extensive resources of New York City.

Meta Brunzema, coordinator

DESIGN STUDIO FACULTY Ferda Kolatan Carla Leitao David Ruy

SOA

Specifically, the program focuses on architectural and infrastructural issues associated with urban scale development where “form” is understood as a dynamic, rather than a static, principle; problems of sustainability and the potential for non-linear and highly sensitive systems of feedback; the need to address a multiplicity of scales and a diversity of populations; the formulation of connections between diverse institutions and agencies; the analysis of informal systems of urban development and global/local economies and finance; the need for forms of representation and repositories of information (mapping, databases) that can provide genuine resources for decision-making.

RESEARCH

Students are exposed to relevant contemporary urban issues through a trans-disciplinary curriculum that is guided by leading scholars and design professionals in the architecture and urban design fields. The program coursework consists of a series of advanced digital design/research studios and seminars that attempt to contend, in new ways, with the complex issues of contemporary urban environments – including climate change and urban ecology, dynamic patterns of urbanization, global social and economic forces, and emerging information and communication networks.

PSPD

The Graduate Architecture and Urban Design program is a unique, three semester post-professional program for students holding a five-year, or equivalent professional degree in architecture. Its mission is to develop and expand the students’ understanding of contemporary urbanism in an intensive, one-year program that includes courses in the summer, fall, and spring semesters. It prepares students for a career of design-based research and collaborative professional practice that operates at the urban, regional, and global scales. In addition, the program prepares students for high-level roles in public and private sector urban design and development projects.

GAUD

DESIGN STUDIOS

UA

Master of Science in Architecture and Urban Design

Master of Science in Architecture + Urban Design | First Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The 6th Borough NYC “As the poet said, ‘Only God can make a tree,’ probably because it’s so hard to figure out how to get the bark on.”

-Woody Allen An Ambient Approach for a Mix-Use Urban Development along the East River Estuary in NYC The 6th Borough is a speculative urban design project, which investigates the transformative potentialities of the East River estuary. A mayor artery and natural habitat, which connects and separates four of New York’s five existing boroughs, the estuary has often been marginalized within the context of the city. The students proposed design scenarios, which provided novel ideas for a future city that fully engages the immense and unprecedented potential of one of its most vital, diverse, and dynamic elements. Part city, part infrastructure, part landscape and environment, the estuary escapes any one-dimensional categorization and encourages radical as well as subtle approaches.

While specific design solutions will be developed for the site, an emphasis will also be placed on the paradoxical relationships of Nature to Culture, and Ecology to Technology both of which have become particularly relevant within the current architectural debate.

This studio challenged the conventional notion of a polarizing culturenature divide and speculated possible new paradigms, which not only integrated nature into cities (or vice-versa) but actually generated, from the ground up, conditions that inseparably intertwined the natural with the synthetic. The resulting strategies do not allow for a planned or layered approach to program, infrastructure, and leisure/green spaces but require a rigorous rethinking towards an unprecedented idea of integration.

Ferda Kolatan, critic a

b c

a

b

c

a. Luana Reis b. Alfonso Patarroyo c. Daniela Mercado

91

Master of Science in Architecture + Urban Design | Second Semester

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA ACTIVE EROSION and DISASSEMBLY: Games, Cities and Time-Off Various The studio engages the temporary and permanent characters of event spaces – different scales of structures which envelope and modulate events properties in space and time.

Larger venues such as the Olympics and World Cup (Soccer) are usually conceptualized as a project of revitalization of a particular nation or region. The competitiveness of nations, cities and regions to host one of these larger events intersects ambitions of cultural expression and visibility, and strategic interests regarding the acquisition and mobilization of funds and labor that can be a new trigger for economic growth. Hosting these larger venues, specially in urban areas, often involves projects towards the revitalization of historic areas and transit systems, the construction of new infrastructure, and new axis of development for the existing urban or structuring fabrics and bodies.

The new waving historic timeline inserted in regions by large scale events, impacts urban fabrics through the proposed opportunity for transformation and reconfiguring of other timelines, giving them new directions and scalar difference through which texture and rhythms can newly be sown. On the other hand, that timeline often needs a re-appropriation project designed to cope with missed expectations and actualizations of the first.

The studio inquires upon the invention of alternative strategies that engage the construction of distributed events across nations and regions, that can emancipate the desire and actualization of the spectacle with problems of temporarility, maintenance, conversion, development and region transformation or reinvention.

It develops reflections over systems of assembly and disassembly of different possible scales of space and time, for structures that constitute the spatial typologies which envelop the multiple events around broader defined venues.

Within this framework, the studio also presents the opportunity to rethink the figure of the ruin in past and contemporary architecture culture, to inquire upon habitual projections of disaster, and of lifelessness, onto structures that are simultaneously human made and programmed but also conquered by so-called natural forces.

Carla Leitao, critic a

b c

d a

c

a. Niriti Porwal b. Achilleas Kakkavas c. Dhara Patel d. Celina Scheidt

93

Master of Science in Architecture + Urban Design | Third Semester Culmination Project

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The 21st Century Urban Park Various “Nature in the twenty-first century will be a nature that we make, the question is the degree to which this molding will be intentional or unintentional, desirable or undesirable.”

- Daniel Botkin “Nature is not a real object for the same reason that ëthe worldí is not an object. It is rather an aggregate of many different things but without unity.”

- Graham Harman This Urban Design Culmination Studio focuses attention on new principles of Urban Design emerging out of the latent landscape practices of the 20th century. The complex but complementary set of influences that has converged in the recent landscape practices of Europe and the United States has been studied as possible directions for urban design in general. What is now the ambiguous distinctions between architecture, urban design, planning, and landscape architecture is understood by the studio as possible opportunities for a synthetic understanding of the city and its environments.

Though the vague boundaries between the design disciplines has thrown into crisis the designed object’s relationship to nature and the environment, new models might be found as indeterminacy is positioned as an opportunity. Nowhere is this tentative intuition more poignant than in the uncertainties regarding what constitutes an urban park.

It is the premise of the studio that the primary urban design problem for the immediate future is what we used to call the park. In no other urban design project is the divide between city and nature more problematic and strange. If the 21st century is to be marked by an ecological imperative, the positioning of nature as an object within the city will inevitably be a critical area of concern.

The projects of the studio developed new urban design strategies through a speculative proposal for a new urban park for the 21st century using the Oleta State Park (north of Miami, FL) as the hypothetical site.

David Ruy, critic a

a

a

a. Ana Maria Perez Dobarro + Niriti Porwal + Ahide Sanchez + Celina Scheidt

95

Master of Science in Architecture + Urban Design | Third Semester Culmination Project

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The 21st Century Urban Park Various “Nature in the twenty-first century will be a nature that we make, the question is the degree to which this molding will be intentional or unintentional, desirable or undesirable.”

- Daniel Botkin “Nature is not a real object for the same reason that ëthe worldí is not an object. It is rather an aggregate of many different things but without unity.”

- Graham Harman This Urban Design Culmination Studio focuses attention on new principles of Urban Design emerging out of the latent landscape practices of the 20th century. The complex but complementary set of influences that has converged in the recent landscape practices of Europe and the United States has been studied as possible directions for urban design in general. What is now the ambiguous distinctions between architecture, urban design, planning, and landscape architecture is understood by the studio as possible opportunities for a synthetic understanding of the city and its environments.

Though the vague boundaries between the design disciplines has thrown into crisis the designed object’s relationship to nature and the environment, new models might be found as indeterminacy is positioned as an opportunity. Nowhere is this tentative intuition more poignant than in the uncertainties regarding what constitutes an urban park.

It is the premise of the studio that the primary urban design problem for the immediate future is what we used to call the park. In no other urban design project is the divide between city and nature more problematic and strange. If the 21st century is to be marked by an ecological imperative, the positioning of nature as an object within the city will inevitably be a critical area of concern.

The projects of the studio developed new urban design strategies through a speculative proposal for a new urban park for the 21st century using the Oleta State Park (north of Miami, FL) as the hypothetical site.

David Ruy, critic a

a

a

a. Chun-Wen Chin + Achilleas Kakkavas + Aayushya Patel

97

Master of Architecture

CORE MEDIA As much as it seeks out and produces clarity, the architectural drawing also complicates our relations with architecture and the world in the drawn, rendered, and modeled image. The presumed agency of the architect in representation, production, and generation become entangled in the back and forth, give and take feedback of an architect’s acts of drawing – events. Our project in Core Media is to enter into and continue the long formation of architecture’s working spaces through projects, discussion, lectures and readings.

It is where the many linkages among active design media, media in the sense of the filter or screen where something is made evident and media as an inhabited medium become specifically productive. These projects begin with investigation of a media apparatus and continue with specific instances of media’s historical relations to architecture and its many forms of becoming evident.

This work builds in increments toward an intensive collaboration between architect and media and plays off of the tensions between transparency and the entanglement of the architect and world.

Mapping, modeling, animating, scripting, rendering, filmmaking, and other forms of informing play into the multiple outputs of printing, cutting, milling, assembling, vacu-forming in an expanding realm of technical expertise in digital production. Computer Media One and Two seek out the linkages among critical, affective, conceptual, and technical action, they seek to establish the possibility of intensifying the relations among the multiple means of architecture’s practice and its ambitions, they propose to find extensive motives of architecture within the play between its most intimate practices and its performance.

SEMINAR FACULTY Robert Cervellione Christopher Kroner Benjamin Martinson Philip Parker Jason Vigneri-Beane Christopher Whitelaw

Greg Mulholland

Christopher Kroner, critic

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Computer Media I Computer Media 1 maintains that our most vital and critical questions in architecture enjoy a lift, an intensification when the media of their inquiry reaches a limit, a threshold of communication and have to be recalibrated to proceed. It proposes to introduce and reintroduce critical practices, locating specific limits on the movements among concepts and objects, topologies and tectonics, processes and objects, and image and sense in architecture. Projects connect historical practices and conventions with contemporary techniques and seek to establish a strong understanding of the critical roles in architecture of design intelligence formed in media.

Projects further explore the limits of the trace, cut, fold and projection in a series of computational works beginning with the most clear incision into a thing, extending through its most distant and removed movement and changes. Modes of generation, modeling, rendering and animating matter are introduced as instruments to be played with varied affect, they are both working on the architect and participating in the production of the architectural work. Finally, projects recognize the working spaces of architecture as being continuously reformed and moving constantly between the apparently most immediate and most mediated forms of knowledge.

Christopher Kroner + Benjamin Martinson + Philip Parker + Christopher Whitelaw, critics a

b c d

a. Elle White b. Maryam Delshad c. Greg Mulholland d. Steph-michelle Komornik

99

Master of Architecture | Core Media

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Computer Media II Tectonic, kinematic and parametric modeling establish similar yet different forms of engaging systemic architectural constructions consisting of assemblies, collectives, populations and interconnected sets of componentry. Each of these categories of modeling provides a mode of conceptualizing designed objects in relation to time, process, performance, differentiation and iterative formation. Consequently, each media simultaneously configures and catalyzes an architectural imagination within its specified field that is enhanced and intensified.

Computer Media 2 is organized into two parts. One part develops tectonic/kinematic modeling techniques by using a range of timebased software that includes architectural, animation and video platforms. The other part develops tectonic/parametric modeling techniques with architectural, parametric design and representational software with an emphasis on technical proficiency, precision and complex yet legible delivery. Each part of the course concentrates on design media’s capacity to inform behaviors and relationships among objects wherein strong internal and systemic logics of form and organization become agile enough to be responsive and adaptive to external inputs. In addition, both parts of the course contribute heavily to studio culture by fostering students’ capacity to produce models and simulations activated through iterativeness, generative processes, relational dynamics, cascading change, nested behaviors, feedback loops, productive constraints and complex formations of continuous tectonic change.

The course is heavily invested in methodology, craft, technique and other deeply disciplinary aspects of media and architectural idiom. At the same time, the course also emphasizes the public nature of design and presentation by creating multiple opportunities for students to view their work together, as a collective, in shared digital and printed formats ranging from small (monitor) to medium (screen, pin-up) to large (wall-size projection) to disseminated (web-based video sharing). Working across this range allows students to experience media as framework for becoming disciplined in relation to design and to participate in a fully immersive environment through which production and representation can become merged.

Robert Cervellione + Christopher Kroner + Benjamin Martinson + Jason Vigneri-Beane, critics

a b d

e c

f g

h

a. Camilo Valencia b. Nicholas Wright c. Megan Hurford d. Shehrbano Salahuddin e. Ryan Whitby f. Chris Yu g. Ardavan Arfaei h. Alex Lightman

101

Michelle Fowler

Ferda Kolatan, critic

Graduate Architecture and Urban Design

ELECTIVE SEMINARS The GAUD program offers a range of elective courses concentrating on contemporary approaches to technique and trajectories in history and theory. Courses include content from digital media (scripting, dynamic models, interactive systems) to digitally-driven fabrication technology; representational techniques (film, new media) to innovative structural logics; cross disciplinary models (biology, landscape, emergent systems, legislative constraints) to sociopolitical constructions. This collection of electives provides an environment that both fosters innovation and deepens knowledge in particular areas of architectural and urban discourse and production.

SEMINAR FACULTY Theo Calvin Ferda Kolatan Maria Sieira Michael Szivos Jeffrey Taras Christopher Whitelaw

M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

Digital Fabrication Architects are constantly employing and deploying materials to achieve a desired structural or aesthetic effect, such as lightness, mass, transparency and reflectivity. Schools, offices and not-for-profit firms maintain material libraries to meet the demands of architects for better, more functional, and, especially now, cheaper materials.

This class takes off-the-shelf materials as a point of departure and investigates how architects can manipulate, extend, and modify existing materials through design and experimentation with digital fabrication tools, such as laser cutting and CNC routing.

We began the semester with an introduction to digital fabrication, and specifically the use and safe operation of a 3-axis CNC router. Students learned the standard milling tactics offered by contemporary CAM software, such as curve machining and parallel finishing. The students then sought to subvert these canned operations through a productive patterning exercise, in which they explored the interactions between bit geometry, cut path and surface geometry to create an emergent 3D patterning.

WIth a working knowledge of the possibilities and limitations of CNC routing, students spent the balance of the semester working in groups to research and develop ways to physically alter a material -- in many cases Dupont Corian -- in order to improve or enhance its capabilities.

These explorations largely began with learnings from the earlier patterning exercise and quickly moved on as students experimented with the material and its abilities and limits. Through a process of rapid iteration and testing, the student groups developed both strategies and methods for altering the material as well as proposals for use of their “new� materials.

Jeffrey Taras, critic a

b a c

a. Jeremiah Lo b. Joy Tennenbaum c. Fiona Wen Yang

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Scripting and Form: Swarm Intelligence This elective examined the role of agency within generative design processes and the implications of high population computational swarm systems. The seminar introduced the lightweight programming language, processing and developed a series of multiagent algorithms. The seminar’s focus was on non-linear design methodologies and their impact on architectural aesthetics and pattern.

The course acted as an introduction to the mediated nature of algorithmic authorship, where it is the interaction of localized behaviors that gives rise to the emergence of organization and form.

The repositioning of design intent and the complex order generated by the behavioral techniques of multi-agent systems has implications for the affects which are generated as well as the nature of hierarchy within architecture. The distributed non-linear operation of swarm systems intrinsically resists the discrete articulation of hierarchies within modern architecture and contemporary parametric component assemblies. The bottom up nature of these systems refocuses tectonic concerns on the assemblage at the micro scale rather than the sequential subdivision of form. Instead we will look for an alternative organization of matter that draws from an understanding of microstructures such as those found in butterfly wings; where color and pattern are determined through the organization of matter as a geometrical configuration rather than through chemical attributes such as pigmentation.

The semester focused on two areas of research, initially developing techniques and methodologies of multi-agent design and secondly the radical effect this has for the production of pattern and affect.

Roland Snooks, critic a b

a

a. Masha Pekurovsky + Mithila Murali Poojari + Celina Scheidt b. Michael Hoak + Anushree Raina

105

M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

CODIFYing This course pursued various methods through which the role of the designer can shift from “space programming” to “programming space”; the designation of software programs to generate space and form from the rule-based logic inherent in architectural programs, typologies and building code. Through the use of a native scripting language students were able to effect the software and their workflow in a more natural way. Through a way that becomes more responsive to outside conditions. Students were no longer designing solutions, but systems to produce a variety of solutions. Students approached the objectives from two ends. 1. The use of rule-based algorithms to produce a range of formal strategies and 2. The use of the software’s native scripting language to generate custom tools to adjust those formal strategies.

This course also has a secondary agenda, demystifying the tools of design provided by particular software packages and consequently empowering the designer to invent their own software tools and practices. The majority of 3d software packages, Maya, Softimage and 3dStudio Max, are designed for use in the filmmaking industry and have been appropriated by the architectural design profession. These tools have inherent formal biases based on their heritage, and limit the capacity of the designer. The course will explore methods through which the designer can shape a custom set of software design tools to correspond with specific design agenda or formal language.

Michael Szivos, critic a

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a. GAUD++ Exhibition b. Alexander Davis + Trey Lindsay c. Maurizio Huyalla d. Andrew Kroll

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M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA Computer Aided Construction - Parametric Manufacturing Animation & Computation Computer Aided Construction - Parametric Manufacturing explores the potential of computation to deliver a new class of parametrically driven manufacturing workflows designed for production using CNC machines. This seminar emphasizes the architect’s role as active agents of the process of digital fabrication that is enabled and demanded by what has become the ubiquitous presence of computer aided manufacturing systems. Students are challenged to rethink the relationship between design and construction, by learning how to design and implement their own manufacturing workflows, including 3-dimensional parametric assemblies, associated logic, and associated fabrication strategies.

Students are introduced to existing parametric manufacturing workflows. These workflows include specific parametric techniques and logic capable of generating and sorting the CAD data required to manufacture component based assemblies.

Students explore each of these techniques utilizing them to fabricate their own unique assemblies. Students designed new parametrically adaptable assembly methods, optimized for CNC fabrication.

Working individually or in small teams, students designed and implemented a parametrically controlled fabrication workflow for the manufacturing of component based assemblies.

Architects actively engage “computation” in our design strategies. It allows us to explore an increasingly complex set of questions. The implementation of computation in architecture is traditionally through scripting (i.e. programming).

Historically, there are examples of computation in design that did not rely on digital computers including Antoni Gaudi’s catenary string structures and Frei Otto’s thin film soap bubble models. These models were developed as analog computers and were more interactive, visually responsive and intuitive than the more commonly scripted algorithms employed today. By employing advanced physics based 3D computer software, Animation & Computation seeks to reestablish the interactive and visually responsive characteristics found in early analog models.

For the first half of the course, lectures focused on introducing students to a range of animation tools through the development of a set of sample analog models based on historical examples.

During the second half of the course, students developed their own analog models derived from existing kinetic precedents. The models were designed to respond to predefined performance criteria and produced sets of iterative geometric solutions.

Christoper Whitelaw, critic

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b

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a. Victoria Maciera + Madeline Nero + Jon Blistan + Kyle Dunnington b. Michael Licht c. Dong Kyum Park d. Stephanie Leib e. Luke Cunnington f. Karly Li g. Frances Fox

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M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | History and Theory Seminar

Architecture and Film When Bernard Tschumi applied the filmic storyboard to architecture in his “Manhattan Transcripts” project and book, he was engaging in the cross-disciplinary exercise that is the par and parcel of architecture theory work post-1968. Around the same time Koolhaas too had used Manhattan as a base for his research in “Delirious New York” because the island can be a particularly rich playground for architects investigating the representation of urban space. Students in this year’s Architecture & Film seminar took their cameras to Manhattan and investigated the occupation of space: from dinosaurs, to motorists, to feet pounding the pavement, the question they asked was “What lives?”

The seminar is designed to give students some background in the history of film & architecture scholarship by reading architecture theory texts concerned with this cross-disciplinary work. Students study film as if it were architecture—making space with moving images—and architecture as if it were film—playing up the time and psyche components of architecture.

Readings include the theorists/architects Bruno, Tschumi, Vidler, Deleuze, Eisenman, Virilio, Foucault, and Benjamin, among others.

Students then examine the optical and analytical devices of contemporary narrative film within the context of architecture theory.

They do this in preparation for the study of cinematic strategies that reflect contemporary cultural space, the very space on which architects are called upon to act. This is not the architecture in film, but of film. Not buildings and sets, but the structure, contingencies, and configuration of the medium itself. The films chosen for this course are formally complex, and studying the cinematic strategies they employ helps the architecture student develop the intellectual agility necessary for the critical production of architecture. Furthermore, the multifariousness of film makes it an ideal conduit for the architecture student’s engagement with modes of cultural discourse.

Maria Sieira, critic a b a

a. Cheng-Chih Ma b. Christina Ostermier

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Design Finesse Horror Vacui (cont.)

The term “Horror Vacui” as expressed by Aristotle suggests a deep natural principle of the world. Emptiness does not come natural to the world. The world fills itself up with stuff. It creates things, often with an excessive exuberance, minute in detail and vast in its expansion.

Aristotle’s “scientific” (philosophical) description of the term takes on cultural meaning in the Renaissance through an almost obsessive focus on the wall and the compositional debates on how to “fill” it with motives. Further along in time, during the Victorian age, Horror Vacui describes the seemingly gratuitous cluttering of interior spaces and shortly thereafter takes on a decidedly pathological meaning with references to manic and compulsive behavior describing excessive and incomprehensible minds in overdrive.

Recently, fueled by digital techniques and novel materiality, a new “picturesque” has emerged. The themes of this picturesque draw strongly from complexity in nature and from our enhanced technological capacity to articulate this complexity. Excessive visual and material expressions are once again a critical part of our contemporary design culture. The objective of this seminar is to investigate the historical lineage of this tendency as well as to experiment with analog and digital techniques to reflect on the seminar topic and generate highly articulated and deeply layered material surfaces.

Ferda Kolatan, critic a b a

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a. Achilleas Kakkavas b. Roman Chikerits

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M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

Advanced Representation and Propoganda, 1968-2001 This elective seminar examines the various modes of architectural representation that have become dominant in contemporary digital culture. The seminar has a dual goal of achieving technical proficiency with contemporary techniques while simultaneously developing agendas of architectural propaganda. Towards these goals, students are introduced to both technical and theoretical concerns with lectures situating current practices within a historical context.

Particular attention is given to a genealogy of radical practices from 1968 to 2001, constituting what may be considered a prehistory of digital representational techniques. With a dual focus on practical techniques and their sometimes hidden theoretical agendas, students individually engage a semester-long project that experiments with extensions to current practices.

David Ruy, critic

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a. Drew Tyson b. Manuel Castaneda c. Bridget Rice

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Plasticity The physicist Erwin Schrödinger wrote in 1967 that living organisms “suck orderliness from their environment.” They feed on a “wellordered state of matter” and are powerfully supplied with negative entropy (a measure of order) in the form of sunlight. Another physicist, Ilya Prigogine, wrote twenty years later that “the denial of time and complexity” was central to classical Newtonian science. He goes on to say that when we move to systems governed by time— far-from-equilibrium systems—a new type of order emerges that is a “coherence of mechanisms of communication.” The leitmotivs of this order are “nonlinearity, instability, fluctuations.”

The Plasticity course begins with cybernetics, which is known as first-order systems theory, and moves to theories of emergence and complexity, known as second-order systems theory. The word plasticity refers to the adaptive and dynamic nature of these systems, most of which are biological or aligned with the biological.

Plasticity also refers to our interest in parametric design in architecture, in which emergent forms can be said to capture, in some sense, the dynamic systems they use as parameters. Our interest, at least in part, is a desire for architecture to move and adapt as if it were a living system. Paleontology argues that plasticity—the evolution of mobility and more generalized adaptive capacities—is what led humans to develop a complex brain, not the other way around. Technological evolution, in this paleontologist’s view, has taken over our biological evolution and carried it forward outside our bodies.

Students present different scenarios, consisting of a living system, such as an animal or plant, coupled with a landscape or environment.

Impulses toward the bio-mimetic are reversed. Here we are looking for the techno-mimetic, the apparatuses in the environment from which order is sucked, mechanisms of communication, dissipative structures, the closure and openness of systems, and the possibility that even the idea of system cannot fully describe the dynamic state of matter apparent in any animate/inanimate complex. This impinges, among other things, on historically powerful notions, in architecture, of design, program, experience, and perception.

Catherine Ingraham, critic

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a. Nikki Petitpierre b. Matthew Lightner c. Stephanie Leib d. Michael Hoak + Elisa Li

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Nicholas Wright

Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic

Graduate Architecture and Urban Design

INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS Rome + Instanbul While the Graduate Architecture and Urban Design program benefits enormously from its New York location as a hub for both local and imported resources it recognizes the importance of operating at sites across the world at the levels of both architectural/urban and global experience. Graduate architecture and urban design students have a range of exposure to explicitly international content and faculty in courses that make excursions to Europe, Asia and South America as short-run features of the coursework. However, in order to give more robust architectural, urban and cultural experiences to students in this period of globalization the GAUD program offers full-immersion study abroad opportunities in Rome and Istanbul.

Each program engages a complex of issues that are shaping architectural and urban discourse and practice. At the same time, these issues are understood as part of a trajectory that includes the historical material that is an inextricable presence in these locations.

The Rome program includes trips to Florence, Siena and Venice while the Istanbul program also travels to Ephesus and Aphrodisias.

In combination the programs provide a powerful framework for graduate students to deeply engage the materials, practices, events and influences that have catalyzed the development of our discipline.

Jason Vigneri-Beane + Sulan Kolatan, coordinators

PROGRAM COORDINATORS + FACULTY Sulan Kolatan Jason Vigneri-Beane

M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Imaging & Fielding Istanbul Istanbul, Turkey Our focus here will be on the two significant factors of the 21st century metropolis: (rapid) change and heterogeneity. Through the deployment of patch theory and patch methodology, tools borrowed from urban ecology, we will make increasingly finer differentiations between urban patches of the Golden Horn. Unlike architecture, urban ecology does not separate urban complexity into individual systems thereby losing the networking logic underlying it but instead breaks down the totality of the entire urban surface into contiguous but discrete patches. These patches gain their discrete boundaries through their internal homogeneity on one hand and their heterogeneity in relation to neighboring patches on the other.

While the separation of urban categories is indebted to modernist thinking, the patch methodology is more attuned to an eco-systemic approach and thus more suitable to the framework of the Istanbul summer program.

The topics of investigation via patch methodology will be water quality, aquatic life, water edge/coastline configuration, waterfront programming/land-use, waterfront architecture, waterfront “practices of everyday life�, land-cover and urban form. Each patch will contain information pertaining to more than one of these topics and thereby enable an understanding of the relational qualities between them.

As with the macro-scale in the seminar, at the micro-scale we will continue to track systemic change and heterogeneity from the present into the past in order to understand the change in change and the shifting heterogeneity that defines the Golden Horn. Simultaneously, we will project desirable scenarios for the future.

Sulan Kolatan, critic a b

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a. Alex Lightman b. Allyson Spier c. Elle White

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M. Arch, M.S. Arch, M.S. Arch + U.D. | Core Elective

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Roman Seat Rome, Italy Rome is as much a contemporary city as it is a historical one. It is in the midst of a whole range of challenges that the process of globalization brings to such an urban environment that is both dense with historical material and burdened with its status as the one of the most romanticized of western cities. Perhaps the constraints through which Rome operates due to the historical material that suffuses it will ultimately provide pressures for urban innovations and, if not creative destruction, creative bypasses toward future vitalities of contemporary urbanism. At the same time, contemporary lessons can also be drawn from Rome’s historically evolved complexity. Across the city and at various scales one can mine the city for lessons on emergence, evolutionary design, collective intelligence, complexity, systemic change, distributed behaviors, networked zonalism, accretive negotiation, partial infrastructural adaptation, non-linear growth, linguistic drift, material development and so on. Students in the GAUD Rome program are asked to engage some of these complexities in a graphic project that folds together diagrams of spatial formation and change, highly edited fragments of figuration and notational approaches to historical and contemporary information.

Jason Vigneri-Beane, critic a b

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a. Aylin Cinarli b. Nicholas Wright c. Alex Lightman d. Greg Mulholland

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development

PSPD FORWARD The Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development brings to the School of Architecture a concern for community, heritage, development, and sustainability – unique among the comparable schools of architecture in the United States. Inspiration is drawn from the city in all its complexity. The mission is to teach a new generation of professionals to be leaders as well as technicians. The pedagogy emphasizes skills and values over theory, interdisciplinary sharing, and the combination of creative vision and problem solving. PSPD graduates have gone on to positions throughout the world, from a community organizer for Sustainable South Bronx to the Deputy Mayor of the City of New York. The faculty is drawn from the top expertise and leadership of the city and region.

Studio coursework emphasizes teamwork and interdisciplinary, integrative thinking as an effective method of acquiring professional skills. The studio typically involves a real client and culminates in a multidisciplinary proposal that is evaluated by an array of distinguished professionals and community leaders. The studios emphasize hands-on work where the students can have an immediate impact on public policy and community action.

As part of its hands-on approach to urbanism, the programs teach in the evening to promote internships and fellowships. This past year, students found one-year Fellowships at The Pratt Center for Community Development, NYC Environmental Justice Alliance, and five outer-borough Community Boards (thanks to the Fund for the City of New York); as well as a variety of internships, such as at the Municipal Art Society, NY Landmarks Conservancy, NYC Department of Transportation, Arup, Aramark and the major NY based Construction Companies such as Turner and Gilbane.

Also this year, PSPD students took the lead in Pratt’s response to Superstorm Sandy, organizing the Pratt Disaster and Resiliency Network (PDRN) to provide emergency response. Under the leadership of Ron Shiffman, some of these students are now working with School of Architecture professors on a summer program of linked studios, seminars, charettes, training sessions, panel discussions and more – modeling a transdisciplinary pedagogy called Resiliency Adaptation Mitigation Planning (RAMP).

John Shapiro, Chair of City and Regional Planning Harriet Markis, Chair of Consruction Management and Facilities Management Jaime Stein, Coordinator of Urban Environmental Systems Management Lacey Tauber, Coordinator of Historic Preservation

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development

Master of Science

Master of Science

CITY AND REGIONAL HISTORIC PLANNING PRESERVATION Studios involve real clients facing significant planning challenges, consistent with the CRP Program’s emphasis on participatory planning and equity issues. Past and current studios have taken students to work on plans for Ward 9 in New Orleans; collaborate on a regional planning framework for a town in Goa, India; and work to preserve locally-owned businesses as well as the unique neighborhood character in New York’s East Village. The PSPD offers a unique chance for students to make a difference as they complete a first-rate education.

This past year, full-time professor Ron Shiffman won the national APA’s Planning Pioneer Award, as well as the Rockefeller Foundation’s Jane Jacobs Medal; several students were selected to feature their work at the national APA conference; and students and faculty took the lead in securing a significant grant to create SAVI - Spatial Analysis and Visualization Initiative - which foresees the creation of a GIS research lab that will serve community planners, non-profit organizations, and advocates; just as much as it will be available for academic research purposes.

John Shapiro, Chair of City and Regional Planning

Master of Science

URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT The 40-credit Urban Environmental Systems Management Program studies the nexus of environmental science, policy and design.

The curriculum is steeped in Pratt’s community based ethos and examination, through the lens of social justice, of the systems our urban environments construct to manage water quality, solid waste and energy. Graduates are prepared to take on a range of roles as policy analysts, sustainability consultants, low impact developers, researchers and advocates, collaborating with environmental scientists, designers, policy makers and communities.

The UESM Program combines a foundation of theoretical and technical core courses with innovative mini-courses taught by cutting-edge practicing professionals. Students learn the interdisciplinary skills needed to: assess contemporary environmental issues; catalyze innovative environmental problem solving; uphold environmental and social justice; and engage diverse stakeholders in designing and developing sustainable plans and policies.

UESM studio courses are either place-based, as in a zero-carbon studio for a neighborhood, or sector-based, as in a sustainable economic development studio. Every UESM student is assured an internship with organizations, agencies and professional practices. In the past, interns have been placed with Living City Block, the New York Industrial Retention Network, New York City Council, Department of City Planning and most recently the program has awarded 5 fellowships to work with the New York City Environmental Justice Alliance. This professional experience enriches seminar discussions and studio courses, provides students with a wealth of contacts in the field and strengthens their job qualifications.

Jaime Stein, Coordinator of Urban Environmental

The 44-credit Historic Preservation graduate program was created to go beyond the traditional concept of historic preservation education. Rather than focus mainly on the conservation and restoration of important structures, Pratt’s program embraces a broad spectrum of preservation issues, including heritage, public policy, community planning, sustainability, and advocacy. The program encourages students to understand preservation policies and methods as part of a broader historical and social context, while providing the range of skills that practitioners need in today’s professional environment.

Residing within the PSPD, the historic preservation program is wide-ranging rather than narrowly defined. It draws on Pratt’s interdisciplinary resources in graduate architecture, urban design, city planning, environmental management and real estate. Students become familiar with broad concepts of building consensus and affecting public policy, as well as building, district and cultural preservation.

Studio coursework in the HP Program emphasizes teamwork and interdisciplinary, integrative thinking as an effective method of acquiring professional skills. HP students are also required to complete at least one internship, where they gain hands-on experience in the field. In the past, students have interned at the NYC Department of City Planning, the Greenwich Village Society for Historic Preservation, Long Island Traditions, the Municipal Art Society and the New York Landmarks Conservancy.

Lacey Tauber, Coordinator of Historic Preservation

Pratt’s Institute’s team of six students will compete in the Commercial Construction Division. Each team receives construction documents at 8:00 AM on Friday morning. Teams are required to prepare complete construction management proposal including: estimate, schedule, value-engineering recommendations, safety plan, quality assurance and quality control process, respond to addenda and react to telephone quotes from fictional subcontractors and vendors.

The overall goal is to simulate development of a real-world bid and construction management proposal. Written proposals are due by midnight on Friday, November 9, 2012. On Saturday, November 10, 2012 the team is required to make an oral presentation with slide show to a panel of judges from the sponsoring company. Teams defend their bids, schedules, the means and methods they propose to use on the project, and their site-specific safety plans. Winners are determined at the conclusion of the oral presentations, and an awards ceremony is held on Saturday evening. In addition to the competition students are encouraged to attend the ASC Region 1 Job Fair held concurrently on Saturday, November 10, 2012.

This is the fifth consecutive year that Pratt Institute’s Construction Management program has participated in this competition.

Following the competition, the team will share its experiences with classmates and faculty at Pratt Manhattan on Wednesday, November 14, 2012. Financial support for the team has been generously provided by the New York Building Foundation.

Harriet Markis, Chair of Construction Management Kent Hikida, team leader, faculty

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a. Speed Mentoring Event b. Building Information Modeling-1 c. FM & REM Winter School

The International FM/RE Summer program is centered on the concept of the “Built Environment” and recognizes that numerous disciplines are contributing to the conception, planning, design, construction and maintenance of buildings. While each discipline has a different interest with their contribution towards a building, the organization owning and using it is interested in deriving maximum value to further its objectives.

In 2012, the Summer Program will focus on the concept of the “Value Add of Facilities and Real Estate” and will explore how organizations are using buildings to maximize the goals of their organization. The 2012 program highlights the interests that drive the development and use of corporate buildings (NY Stock Exchange, World Trade Center, Empire State, BlackRock Real Estate Investment Trusts), and will contrast it with visits to organizations that use their facilities to pursue very different goals (Social Housing, United Nations Headquarters, MTA Fulton Station Project Site). The lecturers are again industry experts from Europe, China and the US. The 2012 program will also include a second optional week with visits to Arizona and Nevada, studying major infrastructure and facilities projects.

The program will take place during the weeks of May 14 (New York) and May 21 (US Southwest). The program is modular, so students can earn 2-4 credits based on the selected modules.

Matthias Ebinger, faculty

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SOA

The ASC is the professional association for the development and advancement of construction education, where sharing of ideas and knowledge inspires, guides and promotes excellence in curricula, teaching, research and service. The ASC Region 1 (Northeast Region) is comprised of colleges and universities offering fouryear engineering and construction management degrees from Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Students from Pratt’s PSPD programs teamed up in May 2011 with students from Austria, Germany and Italy for the first “International Facilities Management and Real Estate Summer Intensive”. The summer intensive focused on “Sustainable Built Environments”: it combined lecturers from local and international industry professionals (including two former heads of the European and American Facilities Management networks) with tours to iconic locations in New York City and Washington D.C. The group visited the Empire State Building (“how does a modernized, energy-efficient infrastructure impact lease rates …”), the New York Time Building (“why is Renzo Piano’s masterpiece not LEED certified?”), the Bloomberg Headquarter (“sustainability and the flat organization”), the National Gallery of Art (“zero-capital green building initiatives with immediate payback - amazing!”), the Library of Congress (“how do you keep the rare book collection safe?”) and several others.

RESEARCH

Students from Pratt Institute’s Construction Management Program will participate in the 22nd Annual Associated Schools of Construction (ASC Region 1) Competition from Thursday, November 8 to Saturday, November 10, 2012 at the Westin Governor Morris in Morristown, New Jersey.

FACILITIES MANAGEMENT

PSPD

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Master of Science

GAUD

Bachelor of Science & Bachelor of Professional Studies

Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development

INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIOS The 60-credit City and Regional Planning (CRP) Program trains students as practicing urban planners whose knowledge encompasses communities, cities and regions. The curriculum aligns with the design-centered programs in the School of Architecture, with a further focus on sustainable development, participatory planning and social change.

Over time, the CRP has remained true to its emphasis on practice over theory, participatory planning over top-down policy making, and advocacy over technocracy.

Studio courses generally combine two or more of the four concentrations of the Programs, often, studios relate to the ongoing work of the Pratt Center for Community Development, one of the nation’s first and foremost university-based research and technical assistance organizations in the service of disadvantaged communities.

PSPD STUDIO FACULTY Amy Anderson Eddie Bautista Jen Becker David Burney Elizabeth Finkelstein Michael Haggert Laura Hansen Daniel Hernandez Matthew Lister Elliott Maltby

Ben Margolis Jonathan Martin Gita Nandan Mercedes Narciso Juan Camilo Osario Stu Pertz John Shapiro Ron Shiffman Jaime Stein Ayse Yonder

Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Gowanus Works Brooklyn, NY In 2008, the New York City Department of City Planning presented a proposal to rezone large areas of Gowanus. The proposed zoning change would affect 25 of the district’s 60 blocks currently designated for industrial use, and would significantly alter the use, scale, and character of the Gowanus neighborhood. During the public review process, the mixed-use plan from the Department of City Planning (DCP) was met with mixed reviews from community stakeholders.

In 2010, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) placed the Gowanus Canal on its Superfund priority list. As a result, the polluted waterway will undergo a federally mandated process of environmental remediation that will last over a decade. The Superfund designation has placed a pause in the City’s rezoning plans and the large-scale development previously slated for the area.

From September through December 2011, a Pratt Institute Prorams for Sustainable Development interdisciplinary studio of graduate students, representing the disciplines of city planning, historic preservation, and environmental systems management, performed primary and secondary research of the Gowanus neighborhood.

Under the guidance of specialists from the fields of land use, urban design, economic development, ecology, infrastructure, historic preservation and cultural planning, this comprehensive study revealed that Gowanus had more to offer than simply residential land uses.

For the purposes of this study, Gowanus is defined as the area roughly bounded by Baltic Street to the north, Bond and Smith Streets to the west, 4th Avenue to the East, and Gowanus Bay at 25th Street to the south.

Captured within these boundaries is a Significant Maritime Industrial Area, a Business Improvement District, dozens of artisan and light manufacturing businesses as well as significant numbers of historical buildings and sites. There is also a strong sense of community and numerous environmental grassroots efforts that are helping to transform Gowanus into a healthier place.

Ben Margolis + Laura Hansen + Jaime Stein + Michael Haggert + John Shapiro, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Fundamental Planning for The Lower East Side Manhattan, NY The neighborhoods that comprise Manhattan’s Community District Three (CD3)—the Lower East Side, East Village, Two Bridges, and parts of Chinatown hold a unique place in New York City history. Once home to many of the city’s immigrants upon their arrival in the 1840’s and a vibrant commercial sector servicing the entire city, today the area is losing its cultural diversity to rampant gentrification and redevelopment. For the past thirty-five years, the Good Old Lower East Side (GOLES) has been a central force in CD3 addressing these concerns through tireless advocacy and organizing efforts, direct services, and education surrounding the issues of tenants’ rights, affordable housing, retail diversity and unemployment. Under the leadership of Professors Mercedes Narciso, Juan Camilo Osorio and Ayse Yonder, the Fundamentals of Planning Studio had the opportunity to work with GOLES, providing an analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to CD3 and formulating recommendations that address the group’s core concerns.

CD3 contains the second- largest public and subsidized housing district in Manhattan. This area also encompasses a large part of the East River Waterfront and serves as a major transportation nexus for NYC. Residents must contend with storm surges and other disaster risks associated with severe weather events and climate change as well as heightened air pollution and associated public health risks. On top of these overriding concerns, recently the residents of the public housing units and GOLES’ prime constituency have experienced a noticeable upsurge in the population of rats and a definite increase in sewage problems. Charged with these concerns and based on their analyses of existing conditions in CD3, the studio class developed nineteen objectives and a total of fifty recommendations. These are categorized into five focus areas including Disaster Risk and Environmental Justice; Public Health, Resiliency, Gentrification; Green Infrastructure; Green Jobs, Businesses, and Economic Development; and Public Health and Environmental Justice. A snapshot of the accompanying recommendations include developing a disaster preparedness network, creating a database showing expiration dates of building subsidies, advocating for an integrated greenway system, developing incubator kitchens in existing kitchen spaces, and promoting energy efficient heating. In formulating these recommendations, students reached out to relevant agencies, researched global case studies, observed streetside garbage conditions, filmed differentiation in daytime and nighttime commercial activity, and conducted a full land use survey of the area.

While select students attended NYCHA meetings, the studio class as a whole received expert advice on combined sewage overflow concerns in NYC from Pratt faculty Kate Zidar of the Newtown Creek Alliance and learned firsthand about green infrastructure initiatives from alum Vlada Keniff of the NYC Department of Environmental Protection.

Ayse Yonder + Juan Camilo Osario + Mercedes Narciso, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

The Harlem River Waterfront Bronx, NY Running for eight miles between Manhattan and the Bronx, the Harlem River is a little-used asset to the diverse communities along its banks.

Up until the twentieth century, the river—technically a tidal strait—was a popular recreational area, home to many boathouses and picnic grounds. The construction of the Metro North lines, the Major Deegan Expressway, and several train yards, conflated by the crumbling disrepair of the landmark High Bridge, cut off the surrounding uplands neighborhoods from the river’s waterfront. Today, many residents of surrounding Sputyen Duyvil, Marble Hill, Inwood, University Heights, Morris Heights, and High Bridge are unaware of this once-prominent body of water. Neighborhood reconnection to the waterfront presents a crucial opportunity to address local open space needs in the area especially in the critically underserved South Bronx. Over the years, prompted by a growing interest in the city’s waterfront, academic planning studios, government agencies, and community groups have developed various recommendations and plans for the Harlem River.

Each proposed methods to address the river’s disconnect from the city, but these various recommendations had never been consolidated into a holistic vision. With the necessity of a combined plan in mind, the Harlem River Working Group a joint project of several community organizations, governmental agencies, and commercial stakeholders— and the Trust for Public Land asked PSPD and the Pratt Center to incorporate the ideas of previous planning efforts with community feedback to create a complete, inspirational vision for the river. Nine students led by Eve Baron and Ron Shiffman, with the assistance of David Frisco and Leigh Mignogna from the Communication Design program, Jessie Braden and Juan Camilo of the Pratt Geospatial Analysis Lab, and Rebecca Crimmins of the Pratt Center, reviewed existing proposals, including comprehensive plans from MIT, NYU, and Columbia planning studios, state DOT transportation plans, and various proposals from the Department of City Planning and the Bronx Borough President’s Office. Proposals for reenvisioning the Harlem River have been produced over many years and the class worked to identify the most desirable elements of each plan to incorporate into a broader vision. After developing a comprehensive overview of the site, the studio hosted visioning sessions at three different locations along the Harlem River: Hostos College, Bronx Community College, and Lehman College. The locations were chosen strategically to span the length of the river to both allow community members up and down the shoreline to participate and to strengthen community ties with higher education institutions who wished to be partners in the planning process. Incorporating the prior proposals, ideas and feedback from the three visioning sessions, and new ideas from the studio, students developed a final map outlining where they saw opportunities for new public space and development along the water.

Ron Shiffman + Eve Baron, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA A Preservation Plan for the Wallabout Industrial District Brooklyn, NY In Spring 2012, two studios in PSPD focused on the same study area, proximal to the Brooklyn Navy Yard, one of the oldest continuously occupied areas in Brooklyn and New York City. Now known as Wallabout, Brooklyn, this neighborhood has been home to industrial and commercial activities and a consistent, diverse, and ever-evolving residential presence from the 17th century to the present day. It has been home to political, social, and artistic movements, as well as industrial and military developments of national and international significance. The Preservation Studio focused on the five block area that lies between Park Avenue and Flushing Avenue adjacent to the Brooklyn waterfront. That study area, now called the Wallabout Industrial District, was recently nominated to the National Register of Historic Places by a local advocacy group. The Development Studio looked at a larger area, including more upland blocks. The Preservation studio sought to document not just the architecture of the buildings, but their current uses as well. During its most active period, when the majority of the area’s buildings were initially constructed, this neighborhood was devoted to commercial and industrial manufacturing enterprises. The same buildings are now used for residential, retail, creative, and industrial functions. The studio’s central assignment was to investigate these functions and assimilate that information into the history that led to its emergence as a vital industrial center in the late 19th century in order to produce recommendations that strengthened its current uses while respecting its historic functions.

Meanwhile, the Development Studio created a number of proposals.

One focused on integrating the upland and waterfront sections of the neighborhood by removing the “barrier-like” feel of Park Avenue using urban design interventions. Another focused on strategies for uniting development interests to enhance the area’s inherent capacity to provide employment in an historically innovative industrial district and New York City job center, and to create opportunities for economic and community growth on Brooklyn’s working waterfront. Another focused on filling market and physical voids by creating housing types that meet existing and new market demand within the study area. Yet another focused on development of the Wallabout Creative Corridor, with the goal of transforming Wallabout into a Green Manufacturing District. Ultimately, the two studios worked in tandem to create a comprehensive, preservation- and development- oriented vision for the future of Wallabout.

Beth Bingham + David Burney + Matthew Lister + Daniel Hernandez + Elizabeth Finkelstein, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Sustainable Business Studio Brooklyn / Manhattan, NY The Sustainable Business Studio course introduces students to the concepts of Environmental Management Systems (EMS) and provides an opportunity for practical experience by working directly with a local New York City manufacturing company to design an EMS based on the ISO 14001 Standard. In the initial weeks of the course, students learn about the various approaches to an EMS through lectures, guest presentations, and readings. During this time, students gain a more thorough understanding of ISO 14001 in preparation for consultation with the studio client. The remainder of the course is dedicated to the design of an EMS (including a company environmental policy statement, assessed environmental impacts, permitting and compliance, set objectives and targets) and culminates with an action plan to be delivered to the client for implementation. Students work directly with a client to gain a clearer understanding of the benefits and challenges of designing and implementing an EMS in a small business setting.

The Summer 2012 Student Consulting Teams worked with Architectural Grille and Shanghai Stainless to develop EMS plans based on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14001 standard.

The Clients: Architectural Grille is a high-end custom manufacturer of bar and perforated grilles used for HVAC systems. Architectural Grille also fabricates decorative screens, artwork, furniture and fixtures in all varieties of materials and finishes. Architectural Grille has been in business since 1945, is family owned and operated and is currently located in a 50,000 square foot facility in Gowanus, Brooklyn.

Shanghai Stainless is a family-owned and operated business founded in 1979. It was initially established to provide stainless steel kitchen equipment and furnishings for restaurants in the Chinatown neighborhood of Manhattan. In recent years, Shanghai Stainless expanded its products and services to include custom design and installation in commercial, residential, and mobile applications. They now specialize in mobile vending trailers and vehicles, kitchen, bar, and home furnishes, as well as custom designed projects.

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA A City for People: Urban Design in Copenhagen, Denmark Copenhagen, DK Copenhagen, Denmark may best be known for its famous Tivoli Gardens seasonally variable hours of daylight, noteworthy design in general, and wildly successful bicycle culture, not to mention the beautiful and easy-going people. During seven and a half weeks this summer Professor Jonathan Martin lead eight PSPD students, and one interior architecture student to study urban design in the heart of Copenhagen, the ancient capital of Denmark. Students were exposed to world famous architecture through a program hosted by the Danish Institute for Study Abroad (DIS). This was the second time a significant number of PSPD students participated in the Denmark study abroad program, and the second time that Jonathan conducted lectures and directed a studio for DIS. The DIS urban design program was divided into two components that ran simultaneously: first, a lecture series designed to expose students to the fundamentals and history of Scandinavian design and the major influences that have shaped the modern Denmark. The second component was a studio that allowed students to apply design fundamentals learned from the lectures, and to actively hone their design skills through an urban design studio project. For many students this was their first time taking an urban design course. The first studio assignment required students to work in small vertically-skilled, interdisciplinary groups to research a historically significant architectural site selected by the professors. These ranged from famous libraries to churches, and even crematoriums, all representing expressions of the Nordic Modernist aesthetic. The deliverables for included: literary research, hand drawings, several conceptual models, and one final group diagrammatic (or sectional)-model built to scale. The assignment truly tested students on a variety of skills, not the least of which was teamwork, and the dedication showed in the presentations, both in the classroom and again during the study tours when students had the opportunity to visit these sites and present their finding to their tour group. The final studio assignment consisted of an in depth analysis and redesign proposal for Axeltorv plaza, a historic square located in the entertainment district of Copenhagen. Students were encouraged to understand the current use of the site and how to optimize its space, breath new life into the square, and to establish a sense of place for this seemingly underutilized destination.

Over the course of six weeks, students worked in studio under the guidance of their professor to create a series of site analysis hand drawings, infographics, photo collages, conceptual models, and the like to effectively communicate their design intentions. Students also worked together to create one scale site model of the study site complete with surrounding buildings into which they could place their individual design intervention for presentation.

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Investing in Public Housing Brooklyn, NY Pratt Institute introduced a Planning/Urban Design Studio in Fall 2011 that was initially designed to use the development of Brooklyn’s “Vanderbilt Yards” project, commonly known as“Atlantic Yards”, as a lens through which to view the opportunities and challenges that are oftenassociated with large-scale development programs for the surrounding communities, and theimpacts on low and moderateincome members of the community. While other studio’s generally act as a “consultant” to a representative “client” group fromthe area to be assisted, this studio did not initially have a client, primarily due to the absence of a unified, community-based advocacy group from the area’s low and moderate-income communities. As we learned, the low-income residents of the adjoining communities were not generally engaged in the evolution of the project. As such, the studio’s goal essentially began as a hypothetical process: “to identify and help nurture a group to advocate for the needs of the area’s low and moderate-income population and then, if they concur, develop alternative development scenarios that best represent their interests and needs.” Fortunately, relationships evolved with the Community Health Advocates, a program of Healthy Families Brooklyn, and the Presidents of the Tenant Association in four New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA) communities adjacent to the Atlantic Yards: 572 Warren Street, Gowanus Houses, Wyckoff Gardens and Atlantic Terminal Site 4B. It quickly became clear that various “pressures” were affecting these communities, beyond the Atlantic Yards project, such as re-zonings, rampant unemployment, personal safety and other issues contextual to the specific communities and common amongst public housing communities. To address these internal and external factors, the studio’s focus shifted to concentrating on the needs of these communities, with short and long-term recommendations, and strategies to leverage the opportunities and threats posed by incoming large-scale development and land use changes. This included the Atlantic Yards, the Gowanus Canal Superfund designation, the Fourth Avenue re-zoning and gentrification of neighboring communities in downtown and western Brooklyn. Community meetings and conversations with leaders were conducted in tandem with research on demographics, history, land use and zoning changes, and existing conditions in housing, economic development, safety and security, health, open space and transportation.

A community meeting was held on November 12th at the Gowanus Houses’ Senior Center in conjunction with the Presidents of each of the four communities. It was attended by various members of the public, but participants were predominantly women and senior citizens. The goal of the meeting was to hear from residents on the strengths and weaknesses of their respective communities, and to learn what they envisioned for the future of their communities. Students alsopresented preliminary research, and received feedback and direction for future work.

Eddie Bautista + Stu Pertz + Ron Shiffman, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development | Interdisciplinary Studios

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Green Infrastructure Design/Build Brooklyn, NY The primary focus of this studio is to provide students with the opportunity to not only design but to understand the techniques of construction and implementation, gaining valuable experience and knowledge of the practical aspects of green infrastructure design.

Students work in interdisciplinary teams to understand design and detailing in conjunction with real life applications of sustainable technologies. Gaining the understanding that green infrastructure extends far beyond landscape architecture and has the potential to generate innovative methods to reverse decades of environmental injustice and degradation. Teams researched and designed a proposal for a specific location in the first half of the class and then went out in the field in the second half, getting their hands in the dirt and learning a wide variety of green infrastructure applications.

During the Summer of 2012 students designed a 5,400 sq foot green roof for the North Hall building of Pratt’s Brooklyn campus. The green roof is one of two campus green infrastructure projects funded by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection’s 2012 Green Infrastructure Grant. The winning proposal was a collaborative submission by the UESM program and the Institute’s Facilities Department.

The studio course served as a creative space for students to work with both the Institute’s facilities team and the green roof contractors.

Through the design process students were able to explore the many benefits of green infrastructure and present various designs for their implementation on the roof. The collaborative review of designs by Institute staff, faculty and contractors helped the studio to arrive at a design which met the needs of green infrastructure grant as well as the vision of the Institute.

Gita Nandan + Elliott Maltby, faculty a

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Programs for Sustainable Planning and Development

RESEARCH AND PUBLIC EVENTS Each year, through the student generated MultipliCity newsletter, workshops and a public lecture series students within the PSPD extend beyond the campus of Pratt to share with and learn from our surrounding communities.

MultipliCity Newsletter Spring 2012 Planning with the 99%. Inspired by the Occupy Wall Street Movement “ The vitality of democracy depends on a civil society comprised of citizens knowledgeable of and engaged in the democratic process. To plan “with” is to empower residents to exercise their voice regardless of their race, gender, ethnicity, language, education or class. Our role is not only to represent those who are missing from the discussion, but more importantly to empower them to take part in the discussion. At its very foundation equity grows from supporting those whose place is the most uncertain or precarious within our system. Our role is to amplify the voices of the 99%.” ~excerpt from the editor’s commentary The 2012 Design & Technology Workshops As part of the ongoing maintenance and monitoring research of the Institute’s Green Infrastructure Grant projects, the PSPD created a series of Design and Technology workshops aimed at making the many benefits of green infrastructure visible. The many local benefits of green infrastructure and its role in the broader context of regional water quality are often times invisible to the passerby.

Through the application of design and technology in a workshop to working group model, students aim to make the invisible visible.

The Spring 2012 Public Lecture Series In an interdisciplinary and collaborative fashion, the PSPD invited guest from the fields of historic preservation, planning, environmental justice and construction management to participate in the Spring 2012 lecture series. The series, free and open to the public explored many cutting edge topics within these disciplines including: the environmental injustices of the City’s solid waste, energy and zoning policies; the inherent sustainability and role of historic preservation in a climate challenged future and lastly the role of construction and facilities managers in disaster mitigation.

Vida Chang + Frances Fox + Bridget Rice Robert Cervellione, critic

RESEARCH

Thomas Hanrahan, Dean

FACULTY Alexandra Barker Robert Cervellione Erik Ghenoiu Catherine Ingraham Maria Sieira Meredith Tenhoor

SOA

Research is not only confined to these centers, but can be found throughout the studios in all of the programs within the school. The research culture in these pages defines the center of our research activities here at Pratt, but this culture is also a catalyst for a broad range of research activities across the entire school that will only continue to grow in the coming years.

RESEARCH

Broadly, the areas of research in the School of Architecture fall under the headings of urbanism, sustainability, computation and structural / material studies. Specific Graduate Architecture and Urban Design research during the year involved computation in the project Agent Structures with Bentley Systems, collaboration with the Architectural Association in Atacama Workshop in Chile; the specific historical moment of urban space and the economy catalyzed by “Occupy Wallstreet�, and Geospatial mapping contemporary Brooklyn.

PSPD

The following pages document the work and activities of our primary research centers and laboratories in the School of Architecture.

Some of these centers have been in existence for many years while others are a relatively recent phenomenon. Nevertheless, the idea of research as a pursuit in the school has been growing exponentially in recent years, and the energy and production of these centers has been growing in importance as well.

GAUD

Pratt School of Architecture

Pratt School of Architecture | Research

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Agent Structures Agent Structures is a series of student investigations generated in Arch 711A at Pratt Institute, Graduate Architecture and Urban Design. The premise of the seminar focused on the use of swarm intelligence as way of form finding. The exhibit explores the nature of these complex systems as a way to generate space and structure based on simple rules and logic. Systems borrowed from nature, mathematics, and physics were applied to a design problems and their intelligence embedded into the design solutions. Using object oriented programming with parametric design tools we investigated how these emergent systems can feed into the discourse of architecture in order to evaluate new methods of making. The investigations focused on creating full scale pavilions which required the research to explore structure and fabrication methodologies. Investigating how the behavioral model can be adapted to understand the constraints of structure and fabrication was vital the design process. Parameters such as connectivity, member size, material stiffness, raw material length and quantity were embedded into the final solution. This allowed for the system to become construction aware unifying both the design and construction processes. The results of the investigations are presented as 5 full scale structures. Sponsored By: Bentley Systems Incorporated Get Inside Me: Simon Chawky + Michael Leach + Adrian von der Osten Listestix: Vida Chang + Frances Fox + Bridget Rice NOKaidoscope: Alanna Kleiner + Lan Nguyen + Yasin Ozdemir

Outbreak: Michael Austin + Manuel Castaneda Urban Narrative: Ahide Sanchez + Vivi Xin

Robert Cervellione, critic

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Pratt School of Architecture | Research

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Atacama Workshop The Architecture Association affiliates with what it calls “visiting schools,” one of which is the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile School of Architecture in Santiago. Three graduate students from Pratt—Eban Singer, Sarah Ruel-Bergeron, and Mascha Pekurovsky— with faculty member Catherine Ingraham joined an Architectural Association/Católica workshop in the Atacama desert in January 2012. Other faculty included Alessandra Ponte from Montreal, Tom Weaver from London, Pedro Alonso and Rodrigo Pérez de Arce.

The Atacama lies along 600 miles of the Pacific coast and our workshop was about the conjunction of desert and water—tourism, settlements, and geology. Water and desert, the great paradox. The frivolity of the beach (although we saw no such frivolity) and the seriousness of a harsh land are brought together. Tom Weaver and Pedro Alonso gave the students bolts of colored material to work with.. The idea was to build, in three days, a prototype on the site and then take it back to Santiago for development over an additional four day period. The project was soon hijacked by the desert’s incessant winds. Cloth plus wind produced instaneous photogenic prototypes.

Tim Street-Porter—the famed photographer of modernist houses— was part of the faculty and he was tireless in his documentation of our odd temporary occupation of the Atacama.

“We understood tourism as a foundational and unstoppable force that has created many human enclaves in extreme territories, thereby opening up a relationship between “difficult” or “problematic” territories and leisure. Around these premises we worked upon minimal programs for desert coastal occupation by revisiting the study and design of tents and nomadic shelters as seasonal collective dwellings for the desert. Having in mind Archizoom, Ant Farm, Archigram and Superstudio as fundamental references, the spirit of the design brief was located within the 1960s: membrane enclosures that symbolizes so much more than sheltering. Departing from there we advanced design investigations on tensile, textile and pneumatic structures by introducing new technological, cultural and climatic considerations.

The photo/diagram/drawing of the membrane was thus tied into ideas about landscape, environment and tourism. Within the physical and historical context of Atacama the workshop combined design and theoretical enquiry while investigating a panoply of architectural, technical, art historical, and cinematic images, all helping us to imagine scenarios for the possible futures of the Atacama desert coast.”

-Pedro Ignacio Alonso, Director of Workshop and Professor, School of Architecture, Pontificia Universidad de Chile, Santiago 2013.

Catherine Ingraham, critic

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Pratt School of Architecture | Research

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Geospatial Mapping These projects, produced in the Fall 2011 seminar/workshop led by Alexandra Barker and Elizabeth Barry, use a range of mapping techniques to investigate and document emerging geospatial conditions in the New York City region. Students mapped planimetric data sets against empirically-derived data to generate two and three-dimensional visualizations. These documentations are generated through the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software, 123D Catch photo processing, and data mining strategies.

SUBTERRANEAN TYPOLOGIES- Michael Leach CROSSBOROUGH MORPHOLOGY- Michael Hoak + Marcus Ziemke THE GOWANUS BIOINDUSTRIAL COMPLEX- Cara Hyde-Basso + Christina Ostermier + Liduam Pong TAGGING PATTERNS- Darion Washington

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Pratt School of Architecture | Research

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

Occupy Wall Street Conference The Graduate Architecture History/Theory conference participants take up a topic of contemporary import and discuss it within the context of the discipline of architecture. The format is as it follows: faculty teaching in both the core and advanced history/theory sequence choose readings that can be used as theoretical lenses through which to examine a given topic. Those readings are distributed to students and faculty and the event itself is a conversation between the panelists and with the audience.

This year the faculty examine how four readings can inform events, such as Occupy Wall Street, in which politics, spatial definitions of public/private, and other urban issues operate in ways that challenge conventional understandings of physical manifestations of the sociopolitical. The readings also address the topic from four different historical reference points: the Enlightenment, the 1930’s, the 1960’s, and today.

The work of the 17th century philosopher John Locke has been tremendously influential in America’s political history. In this, his second treatise on the formation of civil society, he traces the development of notions of private property, from a situation such as Colonial America in which one took only what was needed out of unassisted nature, to the “unequal possession of the earth” once it was possible to hoard in excess of what is needed for the sustenance of life.

Two decades, the 1960’s and the 1930’s, have been brought up in discussions about the Occupy movement, the first for its counterculture precedents, and the second because it was a time when the American working class gained power through organized labor.

Balázs is an early film theorist known in particular for being the first to recognize that image blow-ups, and in particular those of faces, represented a relational shift in how we perceived the world. Through this essay we will be asking: What was the face of workers’ movements in the 1930’s? What is the face of “Occupy” today? And what space do they occupy, virtual or otherwise?

In 1976 the French scholar Albert Meister wrote a fictional account of a second, subterranean Centre Beaubourg [Pompidou Center] in which an alternate culture of public cinemas and libraries could thrive in opposition to the private shopping center of places like Les Halles across the way. This alternate Centre Beaubourg was Meister’s way to give spatial presence (albeit fictional) to his socio-political goals; he too declares “It has been decided, the meetings have been categorical: we won’t have leaders.”

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Pratt School of Architecture | Lecture Series

GAUD PSPD

RESEARCH

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Pratt School of Architecture | School Culture

GAUD PSPD RESEARCH SOA

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Pratt School of Architecture | Faculty

Graduate Architecture and Urban Design

Matthew Herman Visiting Assistant Professor

Michael Szivos Visiting Assistant Professor

Justine Heilner Visiting Assistant Professor

Catherine Ingraham Professor

Jeffrey Taras Visiting Instructor

Daniel Hernandez Visiting Assistant Professor

William MacDonald Chair

Hina Jamelle Visiting Assistant Professor

Meredith Tenhoor Adjunct Assistant Professor

William Higgins Visiting Assistant Professor

Philip Parker Assistant Chair

Bobby Johnston Adjunct Assistant Professor

Scot Teti Visiting Assistant Professor

Jeanne Houck, PhD Visiting Assistant Professor

Vito Acconci Adjunct Associate Professor

Evelyn Kalka Adjunct Assistant Professor

Maria Ludovica Tramontin Adjunct Assistant Professor

Anne Hrychuk Visiting Assistant Professor

Nicholas Agneta Adjunct Associate Professor

Robert Kearns Visiting Assistant Professor

Nanako Umemoto Adjunct Professor

Keenan Hughes Visiting Assistant Professor

Gilland Akos Visiting Assistant Professor

Karel Klein Adjunct Associate Professor

Jason Vigneri-Beane Adjunct Associate Professor

Georges Jacquemart Visiting Associate Professor

Maria Aiolova Adjunct Assistant Professor

Carisima Koenig Visiting Instructor

John Christopher Whitelaw Visiting Instructor

Ned Kaufman Adjunct Associate Professor

Jonathan James Alexander Adjunct Assistant Professor

M. Ferda Kolatan Visiting Assistant Professor

Adrien Allred Adjunct Assistant Professor

A. Sulan Kolatan Adjunct Professor

Ramon Carlos Arnaiz Adjunct Assistant Professor

Craig Konyk Adjunct Associate Professor

Kutan Ayata Adjunct Assistant Professor

Christopher Kroner Adjunct Associate Professor

Alexandra Barker Adjunct Associate Professor

Sameer Kumar Adjunct Assistant Professor

Elizabeth Barry Adjunct Associate Professor

Wilfried Laufs Adjunct Associate Professor

StĂŠphanie Bayard Adjunct Assistant Professor

Thomas Leeser Adjunct Professor

Cole Belmont Visiting Assistant Professor

Carla Leitao Adjunct Assistant Professor

Ezio Blasetti Visiting Instructor

Teresa Llorente Adjunct Assistant Professor

Karen Brandt Visiting Professor

John Lobell Professor

Meta Brunzema Adjunct Associate Professor

Peter Macapia Adjunct Assistant Professor

Christian Bruun Visiting Assistant Professor

Radhi Majmuder Adjunct Assistant Professor

Anthony Buccellato Adjunct Assistant Professor

Elliott Maltby Adjunct Associate Professor

Vincent Burns Adjunct Assistant Professor

Hart Marlow Visiting Assistant Professor

Robert Cervellione Visiting Instructor

Benjamin Martinson Visiting Instructor

Steven Chang Adjunct Assistant Professor

Signe Nielsen Adjunct Professor

Christobal Correa Adjunct Associate Professor

David Ruy Associate Professor

Theoharis L. David Professor

Richard Scherr Adjunct Professor

Manuel De Landa Adjunct Professor

Erich Schoenenberger Adjunct Assistant Professor

Stefanie Feldman Visiting Assistant Professor Patricia Fisher-Olsen Visiting Assistant Professor

Giuliano Fiorenzoli Professor

Paul Segal Adjunct Professor

Mike Flynn Visiting Assistant Professor

Matthew Flannery Adjunct Assistant Professor

Benjamin Shepherd Adjunct Associate Professor

Adam Freed Visiting Assistant Professor

Deborah Gans Professor

Maria Sieira Adjunct Assistant Instructor

Adam Friedman Visiting Assistant Professor

James Garrison Adjunct Associate Professor

Henry Smith-Miller Adjunct Professor

Ben Gibberd Visiting Assistant Professor

Erik Ghenoiu Adjunct Associate Professor

Roland Snooks Adjunct Assistant Professor

Henry Gifford Visiting Instructor

Joseph Giovannini Adjunct Associate Professor

Nathaniel Stanton Adjunct Associate Professor

Eva Hanhardt Adjunct Associate Professor

PSPD John Shapiro PSPD Chair, Associate Professor Lisa Ackerman Visiting Assistant Professor Moshe Adler Ph.D Visiting Associate Professor Chelsea Albucher Visiting Assistant Professor Eric Allison Ph.D Adjunct Associate Professor Eve Baron, PhD Visiting Associate Professor Eddie Bautista Visiting Assistant Professor Christine Benedict Visiting Assistant Professor Michael Bobker Visiting Assistant Professor Carlton Brown Visiting Assistant Professor David Burney Visiting Assistant Professor Joan Byron Visiting Assistant Professor Damon Chaky PhD Assistant Professor Carol Clark Visiting Associate Professor Carter Craft Visiting Assistant Professor Ramon Cruz Visiting Assistant Professor

Urvashi Kaul Visiting Assistant Professor Gavin Kearney Visiting Assistant Professor Katie Kendall Visiting Assistant Professor Brad Lander Visiting Associate Professor Frank Lang Visiting Assistant Professor Matthew Lister Visiting Assistant Professor Tina Lund Visiting Assistant Professor Elliot Maltby Adjunct Associate Professor Paul Mankiewicz PhD Visiting Associate Professor Jonathan Martin PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor William Menking Professor Jonathan Meyers Visiting Assistant Professor Norman Mintz Visiting Associate Professor Amy Anderson Nagy Visiting Assistant Professor Gita Nandan Visiting Assistant Professor Christopher Neville Visiting Assistant Professor Signe Nielsen Adjunct Professor Juan Camilo Osorio Visiting Assistant Professor Stuart Pertz Visiting Assistant Professor Theo Prudon, PhD Visiting Assistant Professor David Reiss Visiting Assistant Professor Steven Romalewski Visiting Assistant Professor Alison Schneider Visiting Assistant Professor Ronald Shiffman FAICP FAIA Professor Toby Snyder Visiting Assistant Professor

Jaime Stein Coordinator, Environmental Systems Management Program

Visiting Assistant Professor Russell Olson Visiting Assistant Professor

Ira Stern Visiting Assistant Professor

Clifford Opurum Visiting Assistant Professor

Gelvin Stevenson, PhD Visiting Associate Professor

Jack Osborn Visiting Associate Professor

Samara F. Swanston JD Visiting Assistant Professor

Sharvil Patel Visiting Assistant Professor

Lacey Tauber Visiting Assistant Professor

Edward D. Re Adjunct Associate Professor

Petra Todorovitch Visiting Assistant Professor

Carol R. Reznikoff Visiting Assistant Professor

Meenakshi Varandani Visiting Assistant Professor

Joseph Tagliaferro Visiting Assistant Professor

Meg Walker Visiting Assistant Professor

Simon Taylor Visiting Assistant Professor

Edward Perry Winston RA Visiting Assistant Professor Kevin Wolfe RA Visiting Assistant Professor Vicki Weiner Visiting Associate Professor Joseph Weisbord Visiting Assistant Professor Sarah Wick Visiting Assistant Professor Andrew Wiley-Schwartz Visiting Assistant Professor Kevin Wolfe Visiting Assistant Professor Ayse Yonder PhD Professor Arthur Zabarkes Visiting Assistant Professor Catherine Zidar Visiting Assistant Professor

Construction & Facilities Management Harriet Markis CMFM Chair Howard Albert Visiting Assistant Professor Gail Bressler Visiting Assistant Professor Kathleen Dunne Professor Matthias Ebinger Visiting Assistant Professor William E. Henry Visiting Assistant Professor Kent Hikida Associate Professor James G. Howie Adjunct Professor William P. Hudson Visiting Assistant Professor Hillary Lobo Visiting Assistant Professor Stephen LoGrasso Visiting Assistant Professor Mary Mathews Professor Martin J. McManus

Thomas Hanrahan Dean, Pratt School of Architecture

GAUD PSPD

RESEARCH

SOA

InProcess 18 Publication Staff:

Megan Hurford: Graduate Design, Production, Coordination Maria Nikolovski : Graduate Design, Production, Coordination

Nicholas Meier: Undergraduate Design, Production, Coordination, Supplemental Photography Erin McLaughlin: Supplemental Design, Archival Coordination Taylor Sams: Supplemental Design, Text and Archival Coordination Intiporn Rojanasopondist: Photography, Supplemental Design Kevin Chang: Supplemental Design, Archival Coordination

Andreas Theodoridis PSPD Archival Coordination The student staff of InProcess 18 would like to extend a thank you to the Fall 2011-Spring 2012 student body and professors for their astounding contribution of over 260 gigabytes of work as well as many outstanding models and drawings.

Additionaly we would like to thank Kurt Everhart, Pamela Gill, and Adam Kacperski for their tireless efforts and Thomas Hanrahan, William MacDonald, and Philip Parker for their invaluable input and guidance.

Pratt Institute School of Architecture Administration: Thomas Hanrahan, Dean Kurt Everhart, Assistant to the Dean Pamela Gill, Assistant to the Dean

Pratt Institute Administration: Thomas F. Schutte, President, Pratt Institute Mike Pratt, Chair to the Board of Trustees Peter Barna, Provost

Graduate Administration: William Mac Donald, GAUD Chair Philip Parker, Assistant GAUD Chair Erin Murphy+Erika Schroeder, Assistants to GAUD Chairs

Undergraduate Administration: Erika Hinrichs, UA Chair Jason Lee, Assistant UA Chair Adam Kacperski, Assistant to the Chair Latoya Johnson, Administrative Assistant Harriet Markis, Construction Management Chair

PSPD Administration: John Shapiro, Chair of City and Regional Planning Eric Allison, Coordinator of Historic Preservation Jaime Stein, Coordinator of Environmental Systems Management Harriet Markis, Chair of Construction Management

PCCD Administration: Adam Friedman, Director of Pratt Center for Community Development

The following hardware and software was used for this publication: Additional Image Credits: Cover Image: Michelle Fowler David Ruy, critic Interior Cover: Chang-Kuang Chao Sulan Kolatan, critic Supplemental Photography:

Tim Street Porter p. 148-149

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3 Apple Mac Pro 3 desktop computers 4 Apple iMac desktop computers Nikon D300 DSLR camera Cannon DOS E7 camera Cannon EOS 6D Adobe Creative Suite CS5 Hewlett Packard Color LaserJet 5550dn Hewlett Packard Color Laser Juet 6015dn Netgear ReadyNAS Duo 500gb network drive Western Digital 4TB network drive Type Set to font families Trade Gothic LT Standard, Interstate and Gotham