Masters in Architecture Portfolio 2016-2018 by Preena Mistry

2016-2018 Preena Mistry 120236406

Contents A Reflective Introduction 4 - 5

Ecological & Organic Architecture 7 - 105 01a Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam 01b Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

Experimental Architecture 107- 117 02a Programming for Design// “Nutrient Swarms” // Fictional City 02b Research Through Design // “3D-printed Aids for Dysgraphia” // Newcastle

Urban Scale 119 - 143 03a Tools For Thinking about Architecture // “Urban Design and Crime” // Bradford 03b Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam

Construction and Management 145 - 149 ARB Criteria | 150 - 151 Bibliography | 152 - 153

A Reflective Introduct ion

Across the two years of the Masters, and within moments of the undergraduate course, a

thread of common themes and interests within the design methodology, representation and process of some projects can be identified. These often subconscious decisions can portray a pattern of thought when placed together, revealing much about the passions and interests of the individual and their attitude towards architecture.

This

introduction reflects upon three re-occurring themes that have emerged from the course and how this has influenced my position as a prospective architect. The contents of this portfolio have been arranged in relation to these themes.

Ecological and Organic Architecture

Protecting the planet from Climate Change has been a passionate interest for almost a decade. There is nothing more important than ensuring we keep the Earth in balance and able to sustain life. Using an analogy from Timothy Morton - if a house was burning and there was a child inside, anybody with a conscience would go and save the child - regardless of who had set the fire. Similarly, we as human beings, as a species of planet Earth, have a collective duty to protect it. As architects, we have a responsibility to ensure our designs have minimum impact on the planet and it’s resources. We should be constantly challenging and questioning our present day technologies - pushing them further towards a completely sustainable and ecological build up.

This passion has resonated particularly in two of the key projects in this masters, they both

draw upon related issues and have a similar methodology in deriving a design. “Immiscible”, the Second Project of Stage 5 was the beginning of an exploration into ecological and organic architecture - two types of architecture that have appeared to go hand in hand in the designs.

The project looked at the use of Stone Lithography as a catalyst to derive the detail, form,

building strategy and programme of an architecture. This developed into a brief to design an innovative, pioneering plastic recycling factory - with the hope for Rotterdam to become a cradle-to-cradle plastic city, eliminating the need for any new plastics to be created. Eventually, the factory would expand my 3D printing itself, from the plastic it has recycled.

A very similar ethos was used in the Thesis Project. The thesis examines a potential future, a “Post-Digestion society”, where a techno-utopian fix to current issues with our food chain eliminates the need to eat. This project explores the use of a bio-engineered hydrogel that can grow and divide like tissue, creating an abundance of a material that does not require additional energy for extraction. This correlation reflects my material ideologies as an architect - in that we should build with what we have, taking recycling to the next stage, the constant production of new materials should be in the past.

Experimental Architecture

The

process of design itself is something that I have reflected on, particularly within the Experimental Architecture module. In this module we are taught to use design as a methodology, as opposed to using it to construct an end proposal. This notion was extremely liberating for me as a designer, restoring my faith in process of design. A process may not lead to the outcome you are expecting but instead a mistake or derivative of another idea may actually be more successful than the proposed outcome.

Reflecting on why architects should code probed my questions on the architectural design process further. With a large amount of architectural work now relying on software, I believe

it is essential for architects to learn to code to enable us to take control of the tools we are using - giving us the freedom to really create what is in our minds as opposed to being restricted by a pre-programmed tool. Coding itself allows you to find new ways of designing, as mentioned before - that are sometimes accidental - creating a whole new avenue of design methodologies.

The thesis project has allowed me to reflect on my position on the embracement of technology

- it was not until the end of the project that I realised my critique was actually a warning rather than a proposal. Although technology can be the answer to some of the ecological crises we face ahead, we must embrace the technology in a balanced way - and although protecting the environment should be at the forefront of decisions, we must realise that just as much energy and resource can be taking up in finding alternatives to the processes we are using today. .

The Urban Scale and Environmental Psychology

The Urban Scale was interrogated in two of the modules in stage 5. The first semester included

the masterplan of a floating â&#x20AC;&#x153;themedâ&#x20AC;? park in Rotterdam, that reflected on issues that the city is facing today. Similarly, the essay I produced for Tools for Thinking reflected on issues in the city of Bradford - the issue being crime. Both projects look at the city from a psychological perspective, an interest that stems from my undergraduate dissertation on the effect of the environment on behaviour and learning, as well as in my final project, looking into therapy spaces. Connection between architecture, emotion, material and the senses are at the heart of all the projects I have worked on and this is evident in my final thesis project - looking at scent as a replacement to our sense of taste.

Looking Ahead

This final year has encouraged me to look beyond the sphere of traditional architecture,

I hope to work on fictional landscapes, within films cartoons or games or alternatively in practices that produce more experimental projects, with an ecological ethos. I hope to take the skills I have learned over the past six years to improve the design of spaces to help people in someway - whether that is improving sustainability of a building or providing entertainment for someone in a fictional landscape.

01a

Ecological & Organic Architecture

Tell Tale Tectonics The over-arching brief of this studio was to engage with a

[g]host of Rotterdam’s architectural or historical background and to interpret this into a design thinking through the programme, material, structural, environmental and lighting strategy.

The studio takes a close look at Fascari’s “Tell the tale Detail”

text - which explains how an architectural detail is more than just joint but the meeting of two elements - the mental construing and actual construction. Fascari analyses the details used by Carlo Scarpa (left) and how they relate to the building as a whole.

Using

this philosophy, the project revolved around the choosing of a character - the [g]host - from Katendrecht’s past. Katendrecht is a peninsula that sits next to the Rijnhaven Basin. It has an interesting history of chinese immigrant sailors, foribidded Jazz music and brothels during the war and famous tattooists and artists.

In depth research into these characters was used to create our own “tell-the-tale-detail” at a large scale - this was used

as a catalyst to create the building programme and structural strategies.

Wally Elenbaas

Valdemar Elenbaas, nicknamed “Wally” was borin

in Rotterdam in 1912. He was a famous artist, photographer, sculptor and painter. Although he trained to be a book-keeper his redundancy caused him to look to other careers, he focussed initially on photography.

His

career accelerated by working as an assistant for the famous artist and photographer Dick Elfers, showcasing his own work along side Elfers.

He met his wife, Esther in Paris is 1935, who was also a keen photographer but from Amsterdam. They were inseperable, working and travelling together until the war. Esther was devoted to him, working to financially support him so that he could persue his art carerer.

In 1942 they moved to Katendrecht together, due to

Esther’s Jewish ancestory. The Katendrecht became a safe haven for jews for sometime: as this area was known to be a red light district filled with Brothels, German soldiers were banned from these places - with the potential of harbouring diseases, the German’s were not allowed to become impure.

Despite

the war and the negative aspects of the red light district, Katendrecht thrived as a place of entertainment,harbouring undergroud Jazz music, embracing black culture and for some time, became a safe zone away from Nazi rule.

Elenbaas’ year experimenting with lithograph were important in shaping his future career. He subverted the norms of the time, opposing those who belived lithographs should only be black and white. He used bold colours because he believed colour made everything more beautiful. His work has a mysterous, flat aspect to it.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Stone Lithogtaphy Printing Process

Prior

to Developing the Tell-the-tale Detail, research into the process of stone lithography created concepts that would inform the overall building design. These concepts informed the building programme, structural and environmental strategies and triggered an experimental material testing process using wax and water.

1. Drawing on Limestone With Oily Substance - â&#x20AC;&#x153;Tuscheâ&#x20AC;? 2. Washing Stone with Gum Arabic : Creates Water Receiving Area 3. Etching with Nitric Acid: Creates Water Repelling Area 4. Washing with water: Removes Tusche to reveal embossed / etched image in the limestone 5. Inking the stone - Ink is accepted by etched area and repelled by water soaked non image areas due to immiscibility of oil and water. 6. Paper is applied on top and stone is pushed through lithography press. 7. This is done several times to push the ink deeper and deeper into the stone. 8. Final Print is achieved, and can be reused to make many prints by re-washing with nitric acid. 9. Stone can be rewashed with acid and reetched into - very economical.

GC4.2 Contextual Historical Analysis of Protagonist and impact on surroundings of site GC3.2 Application of Fine arts to Architecture

Form & Formwork Oil and Water - Concrete & Allumonium Structure Re-use of Stone = Re-use of Plastic Immiscibility of Oil and Water: Structure of Wax and Water

Etching in to Stone

Oil and Water Densities

By etching the tusche into the limestone

When mixing oil and water together, even

Form and Formwork

Metal Above Concrete

slab using nitric acid, a mould is made for the ink to sit into - creating a form and formwork strategy.

Using a combination of

the theories, a strategy of creating concrete forms from a metal formwork was created.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

if oil is poured in first, the structure of oil is less dense than water, causing it to always sit on top.

Examining the behaviour of oil and water developed into a structural principal of building lightweight alluminium structures over a concrete base.

Re-use of Stone

Oil and Water Immisciblity

The limestone used for the lithography

The immiscibility of oil and water creates

Recycling Plastics Programme

Wax and Water Catalyst

print can be surface washed with acid, removing the etching and allowing for several amounts of re-use.

Using

the theory of re-use and how plastic is derived from oil - the idea of the building programme being a plastic recycling factory developed.

interesting structures and shapes when attempting to mix together - patterns that are completely unforced.

derive a structural catalogue, wax and water experiments captured a visual illustration of how oil and water do no mix, acting as a catalyst for the details.

GC2.3 Application of theoretical concepts to design using Lithography and the immiscibility of oil and water as a driving concept

Wax & Water Experiments

Following the thesis of developing a building form using

the concept of the immiscibility of oil and water, research into the way wax reacts with water was undertaken. Wax visually portrays the structural repulsion of oil against water. To create these forms a silicon cast of the site at scale 1:500 was produced. Crayons were melted down and poured into the mould and then thrust vertically into cold water.

This was done several times creating several different forms

and extrusions, creating new forms of vertical branched structure with a translucent waxy skin.

making traces of various types of column like extrusions, a series of structural patterns were developed - repeating the traces or applying symmetry to gain either column, truss like or facade forms.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Developing Structures

The process of designing a structural

catalogue involved not only examinining small scale extrusions of wax but also the large scale site castings developed earlier. The larger scale wax experiments resembled leaf like structures held togerther by branch like veins.

Fascinated

by these, traces were made of some of these branched structures , them mirrored and rotated until resembling the beginings of architectural columns, trusses and possible facades - as shown below. At this point, the structure was still too brittle and delicate and needed further development to actually become a functioning structural element.

begin testing how these ornate wax traces could become structural, prototype models were made - such as the one above - Learning which elements to emit, thicken or strengthen in order to achieve strucutral purpose. 3D modelling the ideas in software aided the development of these structures, also hinting the type of atmosphere that could be created. (See Page on Right).

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC8.1 Alternative methods of developing Structural Design

Prototype Models

After

developing the wax forms into structural arches, a form and formwork strategy for the processing part of the factory began. The formwork - the arched trusses become increasingly refined as the plastic becomes broken down, creating an increasingly complex concrete form.

The concrete areas of the building signify the â&#x20AC;&#x153;privateâ&#x20AC;? processing parts whilst the light, external alluminium arched walkways of the factory facilitate a public route that allows clear viewing of the internal processes.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

FORM & FORMWORK CATALOGUE The building is created from form and formwork, replicating the process of stone lithography. The formwork is a series of alluminium compound trusses, made from recycled allumnium and copper, which assemble to create public walkways that lead the public around the factory. The form - self insulated concrete, is created uses stacks of the trussess as formwork. The concrete that is formed becomes the private areas of the building, where the plastic is processed and recycled. Both the form and formwork become increasingly refined and complex as the process of recycling the plastic becomes more refined.

GC8.1 Alternative methods of developing Structural Design

Site Proposal

Building sits on the edge of the peninsula, harbouring one side of water, which is used for heat exchange, washing of plastics and sorting of plastics. The Site cuts in to allow for a shorter path for underground pipes to reach the water. Two Roads lead up to the building , separating the entrance in to two routes- public and private - ensuring the public stay away from industrial vehicles. A small

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC4.1 Theories of Urban Design and Planning - Creating a New public builfing to attract public to Katendrecht GC5.1 Looking into requirements of factory and public walkways follows the aspirations of the building GC5.3 Ensuring building fits into context - planning green spaces, safe roads and routes to and through site. GC8.2 Strategies for building construction - form and formwork and development of columns and archways

Processing Hollow / Public Walkway

The Concrete Form hosts the processing of the raw plastic upon arrival; refining the plastic down to only the recyclable elements, before being shredded down for Sorting in the Sorting Tower.

The Public Archway allows the public to walk safely around the factory, whilst looking in to

understand and become more aware about the recycling process. It is built up of copper alluminium trusses, which stack together to create the formwork for the concrete form. The Archway is exposed to the external environment but becomes increasingly sheltered until entering the enclosed environment of the Production Towers.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Removal of Chlorine - Sent to another company via Boat

PVC PS

d and ocal factory

HDPE

Tower Access to Concference Tower LDPE & PP

Entrance for Public Arrival

Acid Wash Wash & dry

Metal removal

Debaler

Arched Entrance

As the Public enter they are greated by an external archway aligned adjacent to the concrete formed

factory where the processing of plastic occurs. The ramp wraps higher allowing views into and over the operating machinary within the factory, making the public more aware of the processes involved in recycling plastic and encouraging them to do the same. The arches start off with a simple form and are fairly open, until becoming increasinly sheltered.

GC1.2/3 Deriving Design and structure from theoretic concept with critical approach GC5.1 Understanding of public and private routes - needs of building user

Production Tower

As the archway ends, the arches become

increasinly enclosed, but still external until meeting the threshold of the production tower. Here lies a connecting lobby, where the reception lies, awaiting what becomes the internal environment of the journey.

this end section of the archway, the public can interact with the plastic making process, shredding plastic and feeling it to understand what is physically happening within the concrete parts of the factory.

Meanwhile, the shredded plastic below is being transferred by pipe to the sorting tower.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Alcohol & Salt Solutions

Rainwater Harvesting

LDPE

HDPE

PET Feeding between Processing Hollow and Production Towers

PVC

Water Distilled and pumped back to River

Sorting Tower

The shredded plastics arrive from the processing hollow through an underground

pipe and are fed into the chemical chamber. Solutions of salt water, plain water and alcohol water sit within the chamber. Harvested Rainwater is used for these solutions, collected and filtered from the roof. The alcohol and salt used is also re-used through use of fractional distilation.

Once the plastics are pumped in they separate according to their different densities.

Once separated they are drained and separated, then pumped to their designated production tower.

GC1.2/3 Deriving Design and structure from theoretic concept with critical approach GC5.1 Understanding of public and private routes - needs of building user

Production Tower & Exhibition Bridge

Each tower produces new products from each different plastic. However, the last and

tallest tower, combines two plastics (LDPE and PPE) into one type using a special additive.

The first floor melts the plastic down into mouldable material. The floor above processes most of this into the item it was previously - honouring the cradle to cradle philosophy. Above this, an alternative, experimental function of the plastic is produced, for example PET can be used as 3D printer Filament.

Finally

on the top floor of each lab is a testing lab, producing pioneering ways of re-using and recycling of each type of plastic. A ramp winds around floors two and three, allowing the public to view and interact with parts of the process . The exhibition bridge between each tower showcases the most recent small scale developments from the testing lab.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Exhibition Bridge & Tower Ramp

Three

Exhibition Bridges connect four production towers - each ending and beginning at the second floor of the previous bridge - connecting to the ramped publix journey around the tower. The trusses used were also utilised for the formwork of the production hollow - one of the more refined types of trusses. Translucent material membrane creates a dimmed light effect, contrasting against the glazed elements ramps in the production towers. Ramps around each production tower exhibit a glimse of production on each floor and plastics being sorted.

PET

PVC

HDPE

LDPE

Shredded Plastic Storage

Using information on the quantity of each plastic stored anually, the production towers were designed

to increase in height and depth on the ground floor, where plastic is stored after arrival from the Sorting Tower - displayed below. The Chlorine from the PVC tower is contained and sent to another chemical

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Prototype Bridge

Once the Public Reach the final and tallest of the production

towers, a bridge leads them to the conference tower. This bridge showcases large scale structures from the production towers, perhaps, seating, cladding, 3D printed pavillions. The Bridge is ever changing, disaplying prototypes that could become available world wide.

GC1.2/3 Deriving Design and structure from theoretic concept with critical approach GC5.1 Understanding of public and private routes - needs of building user

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Prototype Bridge

Similar to the exhibition bridge, this bridge displays the outputs of the factory but on a larger scale -

displaying pavilions, or potential building material prototype technologiess or furniture. The exhibition in the bridge is continously changing. The bridge connects the final and tallest production tower to the gallery floor of the conference tower.

The bridge is built up of metal trusses, insulated on the outside by a tensile fabric, with glass frame

panels inbetween. This bridge displays the most ornate of trusses from within the structural catalogue showing the most refined types of product.

Conference Tower

The Conference Tower is the end of the Public Journey but also accessible via the ground floor for staff or members of the public who wish only to attend the conference or meeting rooms. This tower is the most refined structurally, displaying extremely ornate facades, columns and trusses. Similar to all other elements of the building, RCA columns sit above the concrete structure.

The

tower will be used to host the “PRS - Plastic Recycling Show” for Europe - displaying leading technologies in recycled plastics. The first floor accomodates an open plan meeting space, the second floor houses the conference suite, third floor is an exhibition space and finally the roof terrace is external - boasting views of Rotterdam’s skyline.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC1.2/3 Deriving Design and structure from theoretic concept with critical approach GC8.3 Ideas and depiction of physical characteristics of environment

Roof Terrace

Gallery / Shop

Conference Chamber

Consultation Room

Entrance to Conference Tower & Public Space

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Roof Terrace

o Conference Chamber

Entrance to Conference Tower & Public Space

Daylight Strategy Ornate Solar Shading Panels Rotate and Create Differing Lighting and Atmosphere Throughout the day.

Solar Shading 2 X Layered Solar shading Panels rotate during the day to create increased or decreased solar shading.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Automatic Mechanically Opening Ventilation Window

Plastic Showcasing Gallery

Automatic Mechanically Opening Ventilation Vent

Consultation / Offices Floor

Natural Ventilation

Above shows an example of a mechanically Opening Window and the Vents within glazed layer of Conference Tower that aid natural ventilation. Stack Ventilation can take place Through Use of Mechanically Operated Automatic Windows and Vents.

A P l a s t i c L an d s c a p e

Section sets the building in its Landscape and explains the connections between each factory element and the public walkways.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC1.2/3 Deriving Design and structure from theoretic concept with critical approach GC8.3 Ideas and depiction of physical characteristics of environment GC5.3 Understanding how building fits into context

Integrated Section Section highlights form/formwork strategy and tectonic decisions with relation to programme.

Stage 5 / Immiscible / Ecological & Organic Architecture

01b

Ecological & Organic Architecture

Architecture+ This studio explores future architectures that may result from

developing technologies that augment the human. As Harraway states - ‘we are Cyborgs’ - vaccinated with technology from the day we are born.

Playing

on the transhumanism movement organisation “humanity plus”, Architecture plus investigates and proposes designs that accomodate the changing interface between the human body, technology and the built environment, looking at using Utopia or Science Fiction as a method to critique progress.

Imagining

the future is one of architects’ obligations, architecture itself is a reflection of the present ideologies, by designing future architectures we are able to imagine alternatives, allowing us to critique and build upon the present, in a hope to progress to a better future.

Science Fiction As Method

Similar to the way Huxley raises his concerns of mass production, mass consumption and the class

divide by creating a society of mass produced humans belonging to a certain hierarchy in Brave New World (fig.1) – I wish to propose a scenario that critiques the repercussions of our current day mass consumption, and addresses arguably one of the biggest failures of the enlightenment era, our contribution towards global warming1. This methodology has been explored by Jameson, who explains that Science-Fiction allows us to create mock futures that critique the present day creating a “future’s past”.2

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Critiquing Progress “Making ninety-six humans gorw where only one grew before. Progress”

This qoutation is said by the Director of Hatcheries, where humans are no longer born but grown

in a lab, into a certain class of human - ranging from alpha to epsilons - as a reflection of the class divide that was occurring at the time the novel was written. The image creates an uncanny, eerie representation that makes the audience question what ‘Progress’ means - Yes the perfect humans are being bred for perfectly fitted roles - but this feels unnatural and wrong.

GC2 Using ‘Science-fiction as method theory’ to influence critically influence design/brief GC7.1/2 Using Science-Fiction as a precedent to begin brief building

World of the Novel â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The conditioned thought will always prevailâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;

Huxley reveals that we are all conditioned, even if it is not enforced. We should all be aware of our conditioning and how it may restrict our thoughts, a difficult thought to understand and reflect upon.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Author’s Critique ‘Mass production will lead to mass social stratification’

This hypothesis reflects the era within which the novel was written, depicting as Jameson describes, “A future’s past” – Mass production and ideologies such as Fordism or Taylorism were emerging and creating a class divide in society.

Present Day Issues Food Waste

One of the biggest contributions to CO2 we make is through food waste and food loss. The

top category of food we waste in the EU is fruit and vegetables3 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; shown stage by stage in figure 2. 47% of the produce we start with is lost or wasted throughout the food chain â&#x20AC;&#x201C; showing the immense inefficiency of our current farming and distribution methods. This waste ends its journey in landfill, decomposing to release CO2 in to the atmosphere.

The largest proportion, 20% is lost through agriculture - from lack or over providing of water and fertiliser, mechanical damage or from competition with One third of what we buy is sent to landfill - meaning only two thirds is actually consumed.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Present Day Issues C O2 f r o m F a r m i n g

Above

is a breakdown of the CO2 produced from each process of making a sandwich composed of Estonia’s top 5 consumed foods.4 Rye Bread, Olive Oil, Beef, Pork and Onion. Each ingredient of the sandwich is vertically scaled to the quantity of CO2 it produces. Each colour represents different stages of food production.

Pink highlights the CO2 created during farming - beef and pork are the largest contributors,

due to the resources, the land and food required to keep them fed, watered and clean. Eating one sandwich would be the equivalent of driving from Newcastle to Gateshead, whilst eating one a sandwich a day for year would be the equivalent of driving from Newcastle to Barcelona.

GC2 Using ‘Science-fiction as method theory’ to influence critically influence design/brief GC6.1 Preparing brief to critically address present day issues - impacting the wider society

ANTI-SOCIAL EATING

SOCIAL EATING

Carbs 6.9g

Fats 6.6g

Soy Protein 25% Protein

Protein 22.9g Carbs 20g

Chicken Katsu Salad £5.95 191 Calories

Fats 4g Sunflowr Oil 47% Fats

Vitamins & Minerals

SOYLENT

Protein 4g

HEALTHY FAST FOOD

Leek & Potato Soup £10 168 Calories

£2.00 Per Meal 400 Calories

FINE DINING

Isomalthulose 33% Carbs

Carbs 39.1g

Pea Protein 15% Protein

Flaxseeds 30% Fats 1% Fibre

NUTRITION

Brown Rice Protein 15% // Protein COGNITIVE LOAD

Fats 10.4g

FOOD CHOICE

Protein 15.3g Chicken & Mushroom Pie £2.42 338 Calories

FINANCIAL COST

HOME COOKING

Oats 37% Carbs // 1% Fibre

Sunflower Seeds 10% // Fats

£1.61 3 Scoop Meal 153 Calories

Coconut 1% // Fibre

TIME PRESSURE

Carbs 26.1g

Carbs 32g Carbs 26.1g Protein 16g

Protein 25.2g

Fats 52g Big Mac £3.19 540 Calories

Protein 2g

Fats 10g Ready Salted Crisps 60p 164 Calories

Fats 33.6g Mac & Cheese £2.40 671 Calories

READY MEALS

TAKE AWAY / FAST FOOD JUNK FOOD/ SNACKS

Present Day Reflection A Change In Food Rituals

New Powdered Foods such as “Huel” and “Soylent” have begun to address some of these issues

– creating one hundred percent vegan powdered shakes containing perfectly balanced nutrition, consisting primarily of either soy beans or oats. They are promoted as a way to spend less money and time on cooking, but still gain a balanced nutrition.

These foods are completely changing the culture and rituals surrounding food – making it a more

independent experience. We are already witnessing a removal of the social rituals surrounding food – cooking, setting the table, sharing, dining together, which is creating a shift in modern day food culture.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Methodology Critiquing Progress Using Sci-Fi

Using these findings as a way to reflect on the present, this thesis has used sci-fi as method to

building a future scenario. As mentioned previously, Jameson explains that the genre of sci-fi allows us to critique the present by creating mock futures that “do not seriously attempt to imagine a real future”. My proposal is a movement towards a Utopia – using Tim Morton’s “ecological thought” as a basis for the society’s scenario building economics and politics. Morton alerts us that we can only progress if we accept that we are a part of nature and must take responsibilty for the ecological crisis.

The scenario is built where these mappings cross paths, combined with issues of food scarcity and

our growing population – it will be impossible to sustainably feed 9 billion people by 2050 using our current farming methods. We have cleared land the size of South America to grow crops and land the size of Africa to farm meat.

GC2 Using ‘Science-fiction as method theory’ to influence critically influence design/brief GC6.1 Preparing brief to critically address present day issues - impacting the wider society

The Techno-Fix Nano-robots

Futurist Ray Kurzweil proposes that microscopic robots, currently being researched for

use in medicine to fight cancerous tumours and deliver drugs or insulin, may one day be used to provide nutrients to humans, completely eliminating the need to eat. This technology would immediately remove the need to grow food and thus resolve issues with sustainability and food scarcity in the future.

The robots have iron helixical tails that are powered by rotating electro-magnets, allowing them to swim through blood and air. The bots would extract nutrient and water from algae that are then delivered to our blood streams through our sweat glands.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

3 2

The Proposal A Techno-Utopia

The scenario for the thesis isTseth ein Tthee cyear 2100 and negates our current food hno - Fix

chain and farming process – using this techno-utopian fix and cembracing a society that has completely eleimniated changing the food N a n o - R food, o b odrastically ts landscape. The project explores all shades of the scenario in this “Utopia”, focussing on the social defecit that would occur when removing food from 1. Swarm of nanobots enter body through sweat glands our culture - hightlighting our emotional attachment to food. 2. make their way into the blood stream

3. Nutrient chamber dissolves in bloodsocial, political and depict the scenario in detail, a timeline oftokey economical events that occur has been created. For the purpose of the thesis, the scenario is focussed in the city of Tallinn, however the scenario will be

2020 2020

2040

POLITICAL

2020

ECONOMICAL

‘The Paris Agreement’ ‘The Paris Agreement’ ‘The Paris Disagreement’ ‘The Paris Disagreement’ The UN is currently trying to stop Theglobal UN istemperatures currently trying rising to stop global temperatures rising Failure to meet Paris Agreement , global by Failure to temp meet increases Paris Agreement , global tem more than 2 degrees by 2050 - the more Paris thanAgreement. 2 degrees by 2050 - the Paris Agreement. 2%. Green Party elected, policies drastically change. 2%. Green Party elected, policies drastic

SOCIAL

‘The Imbalance’ ‘The Imbalance’ ‘Meating the Wealthy’ ‘Meating the Wealthy’ Meat is generally still better value Meat forismoney.Vegetarian generally still better or value for money.Vegetarian Due to or non-sustainability of producing meat - meat becomes Due to non-sustainability of producing meat vegan dishes are not particularly vegan thatdishes much are cheaper. not particularly that much cheaper.extremely expensive, meat becomes comodotised. extremely expensive, meat becomes com

‘Planting the Seed’ ‘Planting the Seed’ ‘The Anti-Meat Protests’ ‘The Anti-Meat Protests’ Society distanced from food chain, butdistanced knowledgefrom on meat’s Society food chain, but knowledge on meat’s High price of animal products causes High price many of people animalto products opt causes many unsustainability is increasing. Small but growingis trend in Small but growing trend unsustainability increasing. in for veganism for affordability, also for veganism realising the for devestating affordability, also realising veganism. veganism. impacts farming meat is havingimpacts on the environment. farming meat is having on the en

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

2020

2080

2040 2040

‘The Paris Agreement’ tly trying to stop global temperatures rising degrees by 2050 - the Paris Agreement.

‘The Paris Disagreement’ Failure to meet Paris Agreement , global temp increases by 2%. Green Party elected, policies drastically change.

‘A Techno-utopi Food scarcity/affordability issues lea techno-revolution proposal of nano nutrients from algae and deliver them Eliminating the need

‘The Imbalance’ y still better value for money.Vegetarian or are not particularly that much cheaper.

‘Meating the Wealthy’ Due to non-sustainability of producing meat - meat becomes extremely expensive, meat becomes comodotised.

‘Nano-bot Nutrition No The wealthy invest in nanobot techno cannot afford ford. Eventually, nano affordable and convenien

‘Planting the Seed’ from food chain, but knowledge on meat’s is increasing. Small but growing trend in veganism.

‘The Anti-Meat Protests’ High price of animal products causes many people to opt for veganism for affordability, also realising the devestating impacts farming meat is having on the environment.

‘Disconnected Dige People are encouraged to join the p supplying homes close to swarms. M redundant for the first time in huma increasing trend in a “disconne

GC2 Using ‘Science-fiction as method theory’ to influence critically influence design/brief - by creating timeline scenario GC6.1 Preparing brief to critically address present day issues - impacting the wider society - reflected in timeline

2080 2080

2040

2100

aris Disagreement’ greement , global temp increases by cted, policies drastically change.

‘A Techno-utopia?’ Food scarcity/affordability issues lead to mass funding in a techno-revolution proposal of nano-robots, which extract nutrients from algae and deliver them to your bloodstream. Eliminating the need for food.

‘Death of Food ‘ Food becomes obsolete in Estonia, Sup by algae farms. Citizens cover buildin algae to receive maximum

ing the Wealthy’ y of producing meat - meat becomes e, meat becomes comodotised.

‘Nano-bot Nutrition Normalised’ The wealthy invest in nanobot technology to help those who cannot afford ford. Eventually, nano-robots become more affordable and convenient than food.

‘Nanbobot Nutrition No Nanobot affordability/ efficicency cha removing social food rituals, and cr Scent-houses, emitting aromas using h ing restaurants and

nti-Meat Protests’ oducts causes many people to opt bility, also realising the devestating t is having on the environment.

‘Disconnected Digestion’ People are encouraged to join the post-nutrition society supplying homes close to swarms. Making digestive organs redundant for the first time in human history, leading to an increasing trend in a “disconnection” procedure.

‘The Food Resistan Eating food becomes historic, a social toilet is seen as disgusting. However, begin an underground establishme

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

2080

2100 2100

Techno-utopia?’ bility issues lead to mass funding in a oposal of nano-robots, which extract nd deliver them to your bloodstream. ting the need for food.

‘Death of Food ‘ Food becomes obsolete in Estonia, Supermarkets are replaced by algae farms. Citizens cover buildings in hydrogel based algae to receive maximum nutrition.

t Nutrition Normalised’ anobot technology to help those who entually, nano-robots become more and convenient than food.

‘Nanbobot Nutrition Normalized’ Nanobot affordability/ efficicency changes food landscape, removing social food rituals, and creating social defecit. Scent-houses, emitting aromas using hydrogels replace existing restaurants and bars.

onnected Digestion’ d to join the post-nutrition society to swarms. Making digestive organs time in human history, leading to an in a “disconnection” procedure.

‘The Food Resistance’ Eating food becomes historic, a social shift where using the toilet is seen as disgusting. However, those who miss food begin an underground establishment of speak-easys.

Why Tallinn?

Although the scenario depicted is global, a site is needed to explore moments within the

society architecturally. Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, is a techno-progressive city, interested in embracing technology to its maximum, as a very forward thinking nation. This would make the city more likely to accept and completely conform to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;post-digestionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; scenario that has been created.

As a toursit city and within its historic past, it has a rich food culture, offering world foods throughout the city, as well as itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s own traditional foods. The abundence of bars, restaurants and cafes make it the ideal setting for the proposed scenario.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

A Post-Digestion Society

The timeline of events, proposing a techno-utopian fix to present day issues with the inefficiency of our food chain, leads to a “post-digestion society”. This society receives nutrition through swarms of nano-robots that deliver nutrients extrcted from algae straight to our blood stream, eliminating the need to eat food, making our digestive systems redundant.

This

technology will impact cities globally, changing the food landscape of the city, removing the need for kitchens restaurants, toilets and sewer systems.

The project focuses on investigating a potential solution to the social deficit that would occur from the removal of our daily food rituals, highlighting the importance of our social and emotional attachment to food. The thesis examines all shades of the scenario - including the resistance to this technology.

What will replace food rituals in a post-digestion society? What impact will the introduction of nano-robots have on a city wide scale?

GC2 Using ‘Science-fiction as method theory’ to influence critically influence design/brief - by creating timeline scenario GC6.1 Preparing brief to critically address present day issues

Restaurants that will be repurposed - possible scent houses

Supermarkets that will be converted into Algae Farms

Rotermann Quarter - Reshaped to allow Swarming

Bastion Tunnels Future Speak Easy - underground food resistance

Flats - Kitchens replaced with scent baths & nutrient chambers

T h e C i t y S c a le Tallinn 2100

Masterplan for a Post-Nutrition Society

Existing infrastructure, such as sewer and drinking water systems will become completely redundant.

The thesis proposes new uses for these spaces - with nano-robot networks establishing in the water pipes, allowing nano-bots to reach homes through the existing network of taps. Toilets will no longer be needed, leaving a redundant network of sewage systems.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

The Critique The Social Defecit

The focus of this thesis explores the aspects that will have the most architectural consequences. By removing

food from our culture, the entire food landscape willl be effected, along with the social deficit that would occur. My project critically reflects how this techno-utopian fix for food scarcity highlights our emotional and social attachment to the rituals surrounding food and will be interrogate several shades of the scenario - zooming out on a city scale and focussing in on certain moments - although this techonology fixes our present day issues, what are the repurcussions and how does this act as a warning to our future?

G4.2 Examining how our current city infrastructure may change as a result of nano-robot technology

The Proposal Architecture of the Olfactory

This proposal explores spaces that will replace existing parts of the food landscape, from restaurants, bars and cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s to the now redundant kitchens and toilets within the home. In addition, it examines the spaces that will result from the resistance to the post-digestion society, for parts of the population that still wish to take part in traditional food eating rituals.

Along with taste, an important sense related to eating is smell, a sense

that may replace taste in this society. Pallasmaa explores the relationship between architecture and the olfactory - the association of scent to memory, and how potent smells can be in transporting you to another place, creating feelings of nostalgia. Aristotle highlights the different categories of scent - those related to flavour, â&#x20AC;&#x153;wetâ&#x20AC;? smells, and dry smells that are not associated with flavour, such as rose and lavender.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

ppermint Lemongrass

lending Note; Blending Note; Top Top - Middle

Properties; Properties;

Memory and Altertness Aids De-congestion

s Anxiety Pain Stressand Reliever

Rosemary

Blending Note; Middle

Tea Tree

T e aP eT prpeeer m i n t

Blending Note; Blending Note;

Blending Note;

BlendingBlending Note; Note;

Top to Middle

Top to MiddleTop

Middle

Properties;

Top

Properties; Properties;

Relieves Congestion Mental Stimulant

Rosemary Orange

Properties; Properties;

Properties;

Relieves Congestion Cheery and Uplifting

Improves Memory and Altertness Immune System Booster

Immune System Booster

Mental Beneficial forStimulant Depression and Insomnia

Relieves HealingAnxiety and Pain

Healing

Stimulates Lymphatic System

ain Relief - Paritcularly Arthritis

Tea Tree

Lemo gr L en m o an sgsr a s s

Lavender

O r aO n gr ea n g e

Blending Note;

Blending Note; Note; Blending

Blending Note;

Blending Note; Note; Blending

Top to Middle

Top - Middle Top - Middle

Top

Properties;

Properties; Properties;

Properties;

Top

Lavender

L a v eRnodseerm

BlendingBlending Note; N

Blending Note;

Top Middl

Top

Properti Properties;

Properties; Stress Reliever

StressRelieves RelieverCon

Anti-Depressesant

Mental Stim Anti-Depressesant

Anti-Inflammatory

P e p pPeerpmp ienr tm

Blending Note; N Blending Top

Top

Properties; Properti

Properties; Properties;

Immune System Booster

Aids De-congestion Aids De-congestion

Stress Reliever

Cheery Cheery and Uplifting and Uplifting

Healing

Stress Reliever Stress Reliever

Anti-Depressesant

Beneficial for Depression and Insomnia Beneficial for Depression and Insomnia

Muscle Muscle Pain Relief Paritcularly Arthritis Pain- Relief - Paritcularly Arthritis

Anti-Inflammatory

Stimulates Lymphatic System System Stimulates Lymphatic

Top

Improves MemoryMemory and Altea Improves

RelievesRelieves AnxietyAnxiety and Pa

Aromatherapy

Studies

in to Aromatherapy have shown different effects to various scents - this could be utilised to create certain environments that match the effect each scent is attempting to create. For example, a coffee break could be replaced by a quick scent of mint, as a refreshing stimulant. Whilst, a three course meal could be replaced by a sauna-like sit down facility that exudes a variety of “flavoured” smells, to fill the now empty “pallette” of taste. Different scents have been said to have different “notes” that help to create certain blends of aroma.

GC2/3 Applying theories of Aromatherapy and Scent in a spatial and architectural context

Iron Helixical Tail - Powered By Electro-magnets

A M a g n e t i c A r ch i t e c t u r e P r o p o s a l Why Magnetic?

As the Nano-robots are powered by electro-magnets, they can only travel through our blood when

within areas that contain magnetic infrastructure. This lead to an investigation of working with materials that could be designed with magnetically.

Magnetic Hydrogels

Within the field of bio-medicine, recent research has explored the use of magnetic hydrogels in the body, using magnets as a method of control. The hydrogel has been altered to contain supermagnetic iron oxide particles. Alternating magnetic fields causes the hydrogel to swell and grow. This thesis examines how electro-magnets could be used as a design methodology to create change-able spacese filled with hydrogel structures.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Hydrogel Growth

Recent Studies have shown that hydrogel can grow in a similar to living animal tissue, using

a bottom up growth process. Current research on this topic revolves around the surgical and medicinal applications of the material - for use in creating scaffolds for new tissue , repairing the nervous system and as wound dressing.

This

thesis speculatively takes this research to a possible future advancement, where hydrogels could be used as a possible future building material.

GC8 Examining Hydrogel as a potential sustainable future building Materia

Magnetism As Design Method

To emulate the magnetic hydrogel and produce solid forms, experiments with iron filings and resin were performed. Magnets were used on the outside of boxed structures to create several magnetic forms, playing with the refinment of structure to create differing structures.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC8 Examining magnetism as a structural design method

Scaled Models

After refining the process, cast interpretations of spaces within the scent house were created, to scale - showing how people might interact with these forms. These were used to inform the magnetic forms within the drawings.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC8 Examining magnetism as a structural design method

Hydrogel Algae Scaffold

Studies by Biot-A Lab from UCL have shown promise in utilising 3D

printed Algae as an artificial soil, scaffolding the growth of Algae, by allowing photosynethesis to occur. The hydrophyllic structure keeps the algae watered. This creates the potential of future buildings to have building skins that could photosynethesise - decreasing CO2 levels.

Nano-robots within the Thesis Projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s future scenario extract nutrients from algae (Cholorella and Sprulina were found to be most nutritious) making it an ideal material to repurpose buildings with - or for potential use in new buildings.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Chlorella

Hydrogel

Xylinum

Bacterial Cellulose

BC on Hydrogel

Bacterial Cellulose A Tertiary Skin - Xylinum

The bacteria Xylinum could be added to these hydrgoel algae scaffolds within

the buildings, the bacteria break down the algae and secrete bacterial cellulose, which could become a biodegradable skin on the ouside of scent baths to contain the scented vapours.

GC7.1 Critically reviewing Precedents to develop hydrogel techonological strategy GC3.1 Examining fine art project â&#x20AC;&#x153;xylinumâ&#x20AC;? above and applying the method architecturally

Glossary Algae Based Bacterial Cellulose (BC) A Type of Bacteria called Xylinum secrete this film like material when they break down the starches in Algae. Cellulose is essentially the same material as the cell walls of plants, thus completely biodegradable. Properties: Has great tensile Strength due to its tightly woven fibres When dehydrated it takes the shape of the structure it surrounds like a skin. Bio-responsive Pores Hydrogel based mechanism that releases certain elements when environmental factors change, ie. Temperature, oxygen levels, pH, magnetism Chlorella A type of Micro-algae that grows in freshwater. It contains an abundance of all the nutrients we need. Hydrogel A gel made up of long chains of polymers - ususally derived from gelatin from cows. This project looks at a bio-degradable type, seaweed based Polysacharide, that can be modified into hydrogel. Properties : Can be programmed to be hydrophilic or hydrophobic Can be impregnated with substances (ie. algae) Can be reinforced with nanofibers, making the material extremely strong Hydrophilic Materials that can swell to retain water (ie. BC and Hydrogel) Hydrophobic Materials that donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t mix with water (ie. oils) Fractal A geometrical figure, where each component has the same statistical character as the whole - for example a snowflake. Nano-bots Microscopic robots, one thousandth of a mm in size that could be used to carry nutrients into the body Rotating Magnetic Fields Electric magnets build into existing buildings rotate to create fields of magnetism that power the nano-bots Xylinum A strain of bacteria that can break down starch to secrete Bacterial Cellulose (BC)

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

The Scent House Replacing Restaurants

The key part of this thesis is an exploration into what replaces the rituals

surrounding food in the city. A large part of our food culuture takes place in restaurants, bars and cafes. How will these places repurpose themselves, offering a new commodity? How will this manifest itself architecturally? Using the material investigations into magnetic hydrogels as a design methodology, the next section explores how the grain elevator in the rotermann will repurpose itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s restaurants, bars and cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s in a post-digestion society.

Existing Site: The Rotermann

The Rotermann quarter is built up of old industrial buildings that were once owned by

Rotermann factories in 1829. The Soviet era lead to the destruction of some of these buildings. In the last decade, the area has been redeveloped but due to its Historical Significance certain rules applied to the redevelopment. - ensure that they should coexist peacefully with high quality contemporary architecture.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Existing Building : The Grain Elevator

The main proposal Iâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ll be exploring is within the re-furbished grain elevator, now in use as restaurants, bars and offices within the

Rotermann Quarter. The Heritage Listed building has retained many of the original features of the mill. This thesis will explore how this building may be repurposed into a â&#x20AC;&#x153;scent-houseâ&#x20AC;? as a place that offers a new commodity that replaces food, as a way to socially engage in a post-digestions society.

GC5.3 Understanding how the building fits into context - examining change in a new cultural context

Scent - Factory

Scent - Baths

The Scent House A Post-Digestion Society Commodity Nano-bot nutrition has replaced food, but this thesis examines how we might replace the rituals surrounding food - we have a deep social and emotional connection to food that will not disappear. The scent House proposal explores the different types of food industry and experience, and how each of these may be replaced by the hydrogel and scented technologies in alternative ways. Eating out a restaurant would be a treat, a commodity, in comparison to cooking at home - similarly the scent house becomes a treat from the alternative basic nutrition - nanobots from a tap.

Scent - Orchestra

Scent - Bar

RepurposingWith Hydrogel A Parasitic Architecture Using the experiments with magnetic form, the proposal examines how the magnetic hydrogel could be used differently for each food-replacing activity. As the hydrogel is engineered to grow like tissue, it becomes almost parisitic, taking over the building internally and externally, if allowed to, by chemically fixing the hydrogel to surfaces. The project eplores how people interact with the hydrogel differently - depending on the experience - for example the scentbar, replacing bars and pubs, has a more tactile relationship, replacing the glasses we would normally hold when drinking.

GC1 Proposing a repurposed design of Grain Elevator in response to Brief, developing critique of replacement of food rituals

Scent-Cafe

Scent-Bath

A short term experience of scent, replacing a coffee in a cafe with a stimulating shot of scent

A long, relaxing experience of scent, replacing a communal meal in restaurant, with courses of scents

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Scent-Orchestra Replacing snacks and foods at the theatre with a new entertainments - scent based music - with aromatherapy notes

Scent-Bar An informal experience, alcohol vapours released on touch with hydrogel replaces drinking at bars

GC1 Proposing a repurposed design of Grain Elevator in response to Brief, developing critique of replacement of food rituals

5. 9. 6.

4. 7.

4. 8. 3. 1. 2.

Step One

Step Two

1. Existing Concrete Floor

5. Scent infused Hydrogel

2. Algae Based - Biomass Powered Battery

6. Nanobot/Algae Sac

1. Existing Concrete Floor

3. Chemically Fixed Growing Hydrogel 2. Algae Biomass Powered Battery

4. Electromagnet

3. Chemically Fixed Growing Hydrogel

4. Electromagnet

7. Bio-responsive Pore 5. Scent infused Hydrogel

8. Existing Concrete Shaft 6. Nanobot/Algae Sac

Growing Hydrogel: The Infrastructure 1. Electromagnets + Battery are installed in the floor and ceilings of the space 2. Engineered Magnetic Hydrogel pools are planted within the floor and ceilings. 3. The Electromagnets turn on when people arrive, causing the hydrogel to grow towards the magnets. 4. In turn this creates spaces filled with scented vapours that filter from above within minutes.

6. 8.

4. 7.

4. 8. 3. 1.

Step Three

7. Bio-responsive Pore 8. Xylinum Bacteria Pocket 9. Existing Concrete Shaft

GC1 Proposing a repurposed design of scent bath space in response to Brief, developing critique of replacement of food rituals GC8/9 Understanding of technology/structure required to support and grow hydrogel & design using alternative material

The Scent Bath

The Purple hue symbolises the scented vapours that travel down the hydrogel network. They seep

into the growing walls of the scent bath, and are activated upon touch, creating mists of whichever aroma palletteehas been decided upon. The green hye symbolises the algae and nanobots, that are etracting nutrients to be delivered to people sat within the sphere of magnetism.

The Scent Bar

As humans are now â&#x20AC;&#x153;disconnectedâ&#x20AC;? drinking to will be an activity of the past, which leads to the

question of what will replace alcohol, bars/pubs? Similar to projects in the present day, alcohol can be infused with mist. This will be used in scent bars, with alcohol being infused within the hydrogel. As it is bio-reponsive, one must hold the hydrogel to activate the release, drawing parallels with the holding of drinks at bars to make social activity less awkward. The magnetism has been designed in a less refined, grunge like manner, setting a different atmosphere and scene.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC1 Proposing a repurposed design of scent bath space in response to Brief, developing critique of replacement of food rituals GC6 Changing the way hydrogel is used to meet the requirements of the user

Scent House Moment

The Scent Factory

The scent house operates using almost entriely hydrogel and bacterial processes, creating a new

architecture for factories. Different types of hydrogel are used to construct sacs and pores that contain microbes for breaking down plants into essential oils, whilst thin fractal growing systems of hydrogel act like the veins within the building transporting water, algae and nanobots from the roof of the building to the ground where the scent baths are open to the public. The thesis examines how these structures will sit within the exisiting structure of the grain elevator.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

Moment

Post-Digestion City Moment

ess Flat

Post-Digestion City Moment

The Kitchenless Flat

6. 8.

5. 7. 6.

2. 3. 1.

4. 8.

The Kitchenless Flat

7. 6.

7. 4. 8.

2. 2. 3. 3. 1. 1.

2. 3. 1.

4. 8.

2. 3. 1.

6. 5.

4. 8.

2. 3. 1.

The HydrT oh - Pe o A d lO p e nPeodd ga

T h eT H HelyaPdnortdoe- rP o d C l o s e d hy e dTArhloeg- aP

H ly od sreod- P o d O p e n e d T h e H y d r o - PTohde C

T h e H yTdhreo H - Py od dr oO- pP el na endt e r

1. Existing1.Concrete Existing Floor Concrete Floor

1. Existing Concrete 1. Existing Floor Concrete Floor 1. Existing Concrete Floor

2. Steel Floor 2. Steel SealFloor Seal

2. Steel Floor Seal2. Steel Floor Seal 2. Steel Floor Seal

3. Chemically 3. Chemically Fixed Flexible FixedHydrogel Flexible Hydrogel

3. Chemically Fixed 3. Chemically Flexible Hydrogel Fixed Flexible Hydrogel 3. Chemically Fixed Flexible Hydrogel

3. Chemically Fixed Flexible Hydrogel 3. Chemically Fixed Flexible Hydrogel

4. Bendable Steel4.Scaffold Bendable Steel Scaffold 4. Electromagnet

4. Bendable Steel Scaffold 4. Bendable Steel Scaffold

4. Bendable Steel 4. Electromagnet Scaffold 5. Rain 5.Water Electromagnet Coil 6. Flexible hydrogel 6. Biomass inner fueled layerBattery 7. Toughened 7. Toughened Hydrogel Shell Hydrogel Shell 8. Weight Responsive 8. Flexible Hydrogel Hydrogel Valve Algae (open) Scaffold

5. Plant/Herb for Essential 5. Oil Rain Water 5. Electromagnet Coil 6. Electromagnet 6. Flexible hydrogel inner layer 6. Biomass fueled Battery 7. Bio-responsive valve 7. Toughened (oxygen) Hydrogel Shell 7. Toughened Hydrogel Shell 8. 8. Hydrogel Weight Soil Responsive Hydrogel Valve (closed) 8. Flexible Hydrogel Algae Scaffold

1. Existing Concrete Floor 1. Existing Concrete Floor

2. Steel Floor Seal

5. Rain Water

2. Steel Floor Seal

5. Rain Water

6. Flexible hydrogel inner layer 6. Flexible hydrogel inner layer 7. Toughened Hydrogel Shell 7. Toughened Hydrogel Shell 8. Weight Responsive Hydrogel Valve (open) 8. Weight Responsive Hydrogel Valve (closed)

1. Existing Concrete Floor 1. Existing Concrete Floor 2. Steel Floor Seal 2. Steel Floor Seal

5. Plant/Herb for Essential Oil 5. Rain Water 6. Electromagnet 6. Flexible hydrogel inner layer 7. Bio-responsive valve (oxygen) 7. Toughened Hydrogel Shell 8. Hydrogel Soil 8. Weight Responsive Hydrogel Valve (open)

T he R o o f P o d s - D e t a i l s

Pods on the roof collect water and grow algae in the sunlight - each one is designed slightly

different dependednt on itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s function. The Algae pod uses magnets to create a larger surface area of hydrogel to maximise growth of algae. Whilst the Hydro-pod is used to collect and absorb rainwater to be delivered with nutrients to humans, and also for scented vapour. This is supported by reinforced hydrogel and flexible metal structures that allow the pod to swell and grow to facilitate colletion. The planter grows herbs and flowers that are turned into essential oils for the scented spaces below - again using a hydrogel soil framework.

The Kitchenless Flat Post-Digestion Homes

The thesis also explores moments within homes of the post-digestion society. Critically

reflecting on how the home will change when kitchens and toilets become redundant. What will replace our food ritual around the home? How will people replace these rituals differently? This moment explores scenarios of people who embrace the â&#x20AC;&#x153;magnetichydrogelâ&#x20AC;? technology and those who find alternative methods - showing how once again the replacement of food becomes another commodity.

Fahle House Existing Typical modern flats

Fahle House is a new block of apartments built above an old boiler house, protected by Heritage Laws that was originally built in

1926. The Flats are situated just outside the rotermann quarter on a main street. This exercise examines how these flats will change in a potential Tallinn 2100 post-digestion society - focussing on various ways people might adapt their flats - completely embracing the new technology and buying into a commodity or alternative receiving basic nutrition.

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

18 / 56 m2

6 / 42 m2

8 / 42 m2 14 / 42 m2

8 / 44 m2

16 / 42 m2

13 / 75 m2

12 / 75 m2 25 / 75 m2

6 x [ Studio Flat ] Average Area = 28m2 2 x [ One Bed ] Average Area = 40m2 3 x [ Two Bed ] Average Area = 50m2

Spatial Excercise Highlighting The Social Defecit

Approcimately one third of each flat contained space for a kitchen and toilet. This excercise explored what would happen if these

areas were removed completely, and flats were reconfigured to just contain minimal space needed. The Proposal above show how a great social defecit may result in this change - social spaces almost become completely removed, creating almost cell like spaces in studio flats - where the room essentially becomes a large bedroom. communal living spaces.

GC5.3 / GC5 Understanding how the building fits into context - examining change in use of space and reconfiguring to adapt

Basic Nutrition Nutrition-Sauna Some people may not want to invest in the hydrogel commodity - but still need to fill the void of the social defecit - the proposal explores the idea of sauna like spaces that still give you nanobot nutrition but straight from the the tap

Post-Digestion

The Kitche

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

n City Moment

enless Flat

The Commodity DIY Scent-Baths Those who wish to invest in the hydrogel technology, create small scale versions of the scent baths in their home replacing what would be the kitchen and toilet, creating a new social ritual in the home to replace meal times. The hydrogel grows inside and out on to the facade, acting as a scaffold for algae and various plants that are used for the misted aromas.

GC5.3 / GC5 Understanding how the building fits into context - examining change in use of space and reconfiguring to adapt

The Nutrient Pavillion A New Architecture

This project also explores some architecture outside of the existing realm - what will this

new technology mean for a new architecture? How will a new architecture be built, and what structure will be required for these magnetic buildings to grow? The Scent Pavilionâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s have been designed as a place for people to receive nutrition when outdoors - as a replacement for eating outdoors.

T h e N u t r i e nt P a v i l l i o n A New Architecture

The model above shows a prototype structure, that would act as a scaffold for magnets to be placed, allowing for the magnetic hydrogel to grow and swell depending on the amount of people in the space at a time. The material used to emulate the magnetic hydrogel is magnetic putty that has been stretched as if it was growing and dividing like the engingeered hydrogel looked at within the scent house. These models have been used to extrapolate a visual of a new architecture that may exist in a post-digestion city park (right).

100

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC5.3 / GC5 Understanding how the building fits into context - examining creation of a new space GC8/9 Exploring the new structure that is needed / how magnets will be supported to grow hydrogel

101

The Food Resistance An Underground Farm and Feast Speak-easy

The thesis explores the counter-proposal of this post-digestion society - what happens to people who still wish to continue eating food? Food is now illegal, and so becomes a black

market item, making places that sell and grow it illicit institutions - thus needing to be hidden. An investigation into how this might manifest itself in the city as underground speak-easy establishments is portrayed.

103

The Counter Proposal

The architectural consequences of a “food resistance” will also be explored. A nostalgic

melancholy is expressed in this scenario - showing how the food culture has changed and forgotten, emulating a forgotten past. These spaces will be “Speak-Easy” underground spaces, that occur in the old bastion passages under Tallinn’s old town. The Bastion Tunnels - highlighted in green will grow and expand to contain and underground network of blackmarket farms. As humans are now “disconnected”, in order to eat they will require external digestors to plug into, so they can chew and swallow but not actually complete the digestion process. These external digesters will connect to the now redundant sewer systems.

104

Stage 6 / A Post Digestion Society / Ecological & Organic Architecture

GC5 Examining how space changs use due to different asporation of building user

105

02a

Experimental Architecture

Programming For Design This module directly links to the Thesis project - we were asked to write a piece of code to inform an aspect of our designs.

We were taught to use a method of coding - processing to enable us to use a bottom up design approach - using the method of coding to aid and influence our design process.

A discussion in to the reasons for architects to learn to code

was the starting point of the module. Architects now use CAD as regular design tool, but where is the line drawn with relation to the power over the design, when does the software become a tool for designing and when does it become the limit?

It is important for architects to be able to manipulate and control software to create design with freedom, rather than being restricted by the tool sets they are given.

Programming for design also allows a different methodology,

with results that cannot always be expected - creating a research through design methodology - where the design is developed hand in hand with the code - emerging through the methodology as opposed to an end goal.

This

project looks at swarming in the city - creating a simulation of swarming nano-robots in a future post digestion society.

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Precedents

Artist Katie Lewis maps the body using pin, string and pencil, mapping and abstracting

movement of the body over time - I thought this could be an interesting way of recording the swarm over time. (Above)

Urban

Designer in Australia proposes an urban design methodology using emergenet behaviours and swarm intelligence to redevelop Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s docklands. Again - an interesting aesthetic. (Below)

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Stage 6 / Programming for Design / Experimental Architecture

Separation

Alignment

Cohesion

Coded Swarms : The Rules

This project builds on Shiffman’s exisiting flocking code, using this as a starting point to create a simulation of the

swarming nanobots. This code was written heavily guided by Daniel Shiffman’s ‘Flocking behaviours’ in The Nature of Code. Tthe four key vectors defined by Reynolds, that cause the bots to steer as a swarm are Alignment, Separation and Cohesion - plus the creation of a steering vector - steering being , the desired velocity minus current velocity.

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Developing Swarm Art

I began experimenting within the rendering and bot functions to create pieces of â&#x20AC;&#x153;swarm artâ&#x20AC;? that show control of the swarm

in an aesthetic way, tracing their paths and collisions by changing the colour of the swarm, along with the opacity, adding shapes such as lines to the swarm and changing the maxspeed and maxforce to create differing swarm patterns.

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Stage 6 / Programming for Design / Experimental Architecture

“Swarm Art”

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Final Design Proposal The i- Nutrition App

I decided by combining what I had learnt so far with the aesthetics I was trying to produce and my thesis application

it would be interesting to create an app that shows how the swarms act and interact within a city context. The cityscape chosen is fictional as a site has not been chosen for thesis yet and to create simpler shapes to avoid.

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Stage 6 / Programming for Design / Experimental Architecture

Aims

of the

App

1. Shows swarm that cannot enter certain buildings and steers around them (anti - swarm zones) 2. Indicators to map when swarms are close to anti swarm zones. 3. Areas where the Swarm remains for longer ( high nutrition zones ) 4. Areas where the Swarm is less effective ( lowered nutrition zones) 5. Emergency function to attract swarm to your location. 6. A system that speeds up, pauses, slows down predicted future movements of the bots - (The i-Nutrition App)

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03b

Experimental Architecture

Research Through Design This module explores various research methods specific to

uses of design as a research method, allowing one to acquire skills in conducting and communicating research, with a particular focus on design-based disciplines.

Understanding

of various research methods and how to design and conduct research projects, with a particular emphasis on design and the use of design and designed objects as part of a research methodolog was paramount to develop our own research through design proposal.

This methodology differes from traditional modes of research,

using emerging theories on research through design to develop and test new ideas - where a design proposal is the outcome but rather the methodology to achieve or test a certain idea.

Within this module, my individual project focusses on using design as a methodology to create writing aids for children with motor dysgraphia, a neuro-condition that causes difficulty in handwriting.

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Abstract

Current research into 3D printing for learning enhancement focusses on an array of subjects, particularly

STEM (Science Technology and Maths) and on a wide range of learning disabilities, but exploration in the design and manipulation of writing aids is minimal. This study looks closely at a single type of learning difficulty, Motor Dysgraphia, a neurological disorder that causes difficulty in written expression due to lack of fine motor skills. The proposal looks at building an infrastructure that can 3D print bespoke writing tools, with embedded sensors that encourages a certain pen grasp and could improve written expression in children with Motor Dysgraphia. The methodology of the proposal involves the design of a software that develops this infrastructure into a package that automatically parametrically manipulates a 3D scan in to a pen form with embedded sensors, that can be 3D printed without the need for teachers to manipulate or learn CAD. The study will measure if the software and infrastructure improves the quality and shape of the handwriting produced by children with Motor Dysgraphia.

Research Questions and Aims

The key question investigated by this research proposal is, “How can 3D printing be used as a tool to create bespoke pens to increase control of written expression of children with Motor Dysgraphia?”

The aims of this proposal will be to design and test software and hardware infrastructure to capture the

mold, design, print and test bespoke pens for pupils with motor dysgraphia in a classroom environment. To achieve this, we will ask the following questions: 1. How can the development of an infrastructure be used to encourage students with Motor Dysgraphia to use a particular hand grip position when writing, in order to gain increased control of written expressions? 2. How can the incorporation of 3D printed sensors be used with bespoke pens to improve writing? 3. Is there improvement in the written expression of children suffering with Motor Dysgraphia when using bespoke 3D printed pens that encourage the recommended “dynamic tripod” hand grip position?

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Stage 6 / Research Through Design / Experimental Architecture

Tasks

August 6

September 27

October 27

17 24

November 1 8

22 29

December 5

January 26

February 31

March 28

April 25

May 23

Determine Software Outputs Decide on specific Hardware Order devices/harwares/systems needed Begin Software Requirement Analysis Meet with 3 x Teachers from Each School Write up and Order Logic of Storyboard Draw Up Storyboard and Design System Interface Detailed Design prior to Coding Research and Learn Programming Types & Learn to Code Write Code Using Bottom Up Process from "Gripfab" Integrate Software with Hardware and Configure Infrastructure Test full Infrastructure system 1.0 in lab Work on any detected Errors Build system 2.0 and Test in Lab Work on any detected Errors Build Model 3.0 Test in lab - if no errors are found - build 5x extra systems Build 2 x back up systems Alpha Deployment of 6 x system 3.0 in Schools 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day for FieldFare School 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day Hardrian School 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day Sunningdale School Take Recordings - Analyse and Assess systems for errors Build 6 x system 4.0 and 2 x Backup Beta Deployment of 6 x system 4.0 in Schools 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing for FieldFare School 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing Hardrian School 12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing Sunningdale School Write Up Conclusion/ Results and Improvements to be made

August 6

September Tasks October 27

17 24

November 1 8

re Outputs

Determine Software Outputs

Hardware

Decide on specific Hardware

22 29

wares/systems needed

Order devices/harwares/systems needed

Requirement Analysis

Begin Software Requirement Analysis

December 5

chers from Each School

Meet with 3 x Teachers from Each School

r Logic of Storyboard

Write up and Order Logic of Storyboard

rd and Design System Interface

Draw Up Storyboard and Design System Interface

August January 26 63 13 10 20 17 27 24

ior to Coding

Detailed Design prior to Coding

rn Programming Types & Learn to Code

Research and Learn Programming Types & Learn to Code

Bottom Up Process from "Gripfab"

Write Code Using Bottom Up Process from "Gripfab"

with Hardware and Configure Infrastructure

Integrate Software with Hardware and Configure Infrastructure

ure system 1.0 in lab

Test full Infrastructure system 1.0 in lab

cted Errors

nd Test in Lab

cted Errors

September February 631 137 20 14

27 21

October March 328 104 17 11 24 18

November April 125 8 2 159 22 16 29 23

December May 530 126 19 13

26 20

January June 327 103 17 10

24 17

JulyFebruary 31 24

71 14 8

March 18

April 16

May

Work on any detected Errors Build system 2.0 and Test in Lab Work on any detected Errors Build Model 3.0

rrors are found - build 5x extra systems

Test in lab - if no errors are found - build 5x extra systems

systems

Build 2 x back up systems

nt of 6 x system 3.0 in Schools

Alpha Deployment of 6 x system 3.0 in Schools

Phase 2 testing per day for FieldFare School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day for FieldFare School

Phase 2 testing per day Hardrian School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day Hardrian School

Phase 2 testing per day Sunningdale School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing per day Sunningdale School

Analyse and Assess systems for errors

Take Recordings - Analyse and Assess systems for errors

.0 and 2 x Backup

Build 6 x system 4.0 and 2 x Backup

of 6 x system 4.0 in Schools

Beta Deployment of 6 x system 4.0 in Schools

Phase 2 testing for FieldFare School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing for FieldFare School

Phase 2 testing Hardrian School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing Hardrian School

Phase 2 testing Sunningdale School

12 pupils undergo Phase 2 testing Sunningdale School

on/ Results and Improvements to be made

Write Up Conclusion/ Results and Improvements to be made

Me thodology

The designed element of this methodology will be a software that allows a 3D printed pen with built

in sensors to be automatically designed to indicate when pen postures or pen grip weaken, in order to improve writing control. The software will be designed to enable teachers to produce the 3D printed writing tool in the most efficient way, without the need for CAD training. The aim is to encompass the 3D scanning, printing and embodiment of sensors within one program, which will automate the design of the 3D printed writing tool. The software will remember the 3D scanned data each time, in order to form an iterative process that enables the production of a pen that fits best.

Above the Gantt Chart shows a breakdown of activities to a timescale, showing when each activity will hope to be achieved.

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118

04a

Urban Scale

Dream Land Rotterdam

with it’s interesting history - a city completely rebuilt following its destruction in the second world war was chosen to be the backdrop for our stage five design projects.

The studio takes a close look at Rem Koolhaus’ manifesto

“Delerious New York”, based on an early 20th Century theme park on Coney Island, uncovering the architectonic and social experiments that took place acting as a testing ground for the future of Manhattan.

Due to the decline of the port industry in Rotterdam, the

city has recently been desperately trying to build the image of being a modern day urban laboratary; with it’s bid for the 2025 World Expo and various future masterplans, including the “manhattanisation” of the Kop Van Zuid and the incoporation of floating architecture and forest within the Rijnhaven Basin.

This semester we have used these ideas to create our own

future masterplan for Rotterdam, creating a theme-park that acts as an urban laboratory for Rotterdam using metropolitan themes.

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Group Work :

Symposium & Masterplan

Prior to developing the Masterplan, we spent time collatomg site information on three particular areas - Manhattanisation, Sustainability drives and History of Rotterdam. These topics helped to ground the contextual connections of the Theme Park and aided the identification of our independent themes. The information was presented as an experience within a group symposium, including an interactive model projection of the site (above), a site film and a site panorama.

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Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

Urban Laboratory: A Testing Ground for Rotterdam

Gridded Structure: Floating Theme ParkPneumatic Cylinders

Connecting Tubes: Underwater Connections

Isolation: Self Contained City

Travel By Water: Canal System

Zoning Themes: Relating to Context

Developing The Masterplan

Whilst planning the Masterplanning scheme, we developed six aspects that the infrastructure follows. The Diagrams above summarise these and the following pages explain how our research developed into the masterplan with the incorporation of these aspects.

GC2.3 Critically Analysing theories from texts to create Masterplanning system GC4.1 Taking theories of planning, such as subconconscious movement around the theme park from Dreamand GC5.3 Relating to Rotterdamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s wider context with theories - urban laborotary and zoning and immediate context through canal system

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1:2500 Final Group Masterplan

122

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

GC4.1 Urban Design Proposal of a new community in Rotterdam: Dreamland. GC5.3 Masterplanning in accordance to Rotterdamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s context

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Individual Theme Release from the City of Work: Brief and Client

Rotterdam has been persistantly attempting to remove itself from the image of being a “City of Work”. In an effort to rival with Amsterdam the creation of leisure hotspots in the city have been trialled but somewhat unsuccesfully.

To combat this, the idea of my building on our dreamland island is to create an intensification of leisure activities, a place ideal for a “corporate day out” - perhaps a place that the Rotterdam Council would sponsor companies to take a break - thus encouraging people to both live and work in Rotterdam. “...crusing has grown and diversified into one of the world’s major lesiure industries, bringing it’s pleasures to people in all walks of life.” Cruise Ships - Pholip Dawson

My studies have focussed on mapping the activities of several of the cruiseships that passthrough Rotterdam’s Cruise Terminal.

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Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

Cruiseship Taxonomy

MS Queen Elizabeth Deck Plans

MS Rotterdam

Caribbean Princess Deck Plans

GC2.3 Research in to Rotterdamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s History of Cruiseliners and using this as a theoretical concept GC7.1 Critical Analysis of Cruiseship as Precent to develop design proposal GC7.2 Preparing brief as the need for leisure in Rotterdam and identifying client as a corporate away day programme.

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Entertain

Indulgence

Relax

Sport

Play

On Board Activity Mapping

Reviewing and cataloguing the above Deck Plans lead to the observation of grouping patterns. Mapping each

activity offered, I placed them in to Entertainment Categories listed below. The logos graphically represent each activity within that entertenment category.

Heirachial Zoning

By categorising the Deck Plans and mapping the location of entertainment, I creating this zoning Diagram that displays where activities take place on the ship.

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Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

R e a d i n g T h e V er t i ca l C i t y

With the development of the Kop Van Zuid, Rotterdam is hoping to become a vertical Metropolitan city. With this knowledge, I decided to map the activities on board a cruiseliner and stack them vertically.

Verticalising Zoning

Relating to the context of Rotterdamâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s skyline, I verticalised the zones, creating a diagram of how the building could be designed with pockets of hanging spaces containing intense activities of leisure.

GC7.1 Mapping Cruiseship Activities, categorising, zoning and developing spatial qualities from research

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V I E W S

P L E A S U R E

L U X U R Y

Vertical Activity

Based Circulation

The Diagram and axonometric display the activities that take you from floor to floor ; in order to ascend the building, the corporate team must work together to reach the rewards - the most pleasurable and luxurious spaces at the top.

The activities become increasingly challenging but provide better views outside and of the spaces below as you climb.

128

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

129

Climbing Wall to Cafe & Restaurants

The perespective shows the vertical activities that connect each pocket of leisure space - the high angle

climbing wall take you to the cafe, whilst the more difficult and more vertical rock climbing wall takes the vistitors to the food court. Visitors must works as a team to aid each other to climb to these spaces and gain the leisure awards.

130

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

Assault Course Spa

In order to recieve luxurious spa treatments, such as massages and jaccuzis, visitoris must work together to climb, jump and swing their way to the top. The higher one climbs, the closer the rooms are to the facade and the less dense the structure becomes, allowing better views out over the city.

GC1.1 & 3 Preparing building in response to brief at large scale with complexity through use of theories dervided from precedents GC5.3 Designing with regards to context of Rijnhaven

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Cycling Up To Next Activity

The cycle ramp wraps around the middle of the building, taking visitors from the food court to the spa area - one cycle up hill to receive a spa treatment, however, cycling up brings you closer to the edge of the building, towards larger openings in the structure and thus rewarding cyclists with a view.

132

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

Shopping With A View

In order to reach the shopping arcade and purchase items, visitors must earn money in the Casino - once in the arcade you will be rewarded not only with luxurious items of your choice but views down on to the heart of the city of Rotterdam as the structure becomes less dense.

GC1.1 & 3 Design of Internal Activity with use of Precedent and theories

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Ghyll Scrambling to Pleasure Resort

The tower is designed to give visitors a cruiseship experience within a day - providing a sunset on the beach experience at the top

of the tower with views of Rotterdam arguably at itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s finest at night - the metropolitan dream. The strcture of the building changes to allow maximum clear views around the city and across the River Maas.

GC1.1 & 3 Design of interiors with use of precedent and theories GC5.3 Relating to context of Rotterdam by providing views of City - views of Kop Van Zuid and River Maas GC1.1 & 3 Design of interrors of tower with use of precedent and theories GC5.1 Designing to fulfil the needs of the client - the visitors - by providing leisure and entertainment

134

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

135

The Vertical Context

136

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

GC1.1 & 3 Preparing Building section in response to brief, client at a large scale and within a complex structure GC5.3 Creating to tower to match verticality of Kop Van Zuid : A Lesiure building to compete with work

137

138

Stage 5 / Dreamland / Urban Scale

GC5.3 Displaying Model of Masterplan within the context of the Rijnhaven Basin

139

03b

Urban Scale

Urban Design & Crime

The “Tools For Thinking about Architecture” was a lecture/ seminar based module, teaching us to critically change the way we look at theretical texts - how to underpin what they are trying to explain and how we could make this apply to our own work. The discussions for me opened up new ways of refelcting upon the success of a design.

Environmental

psychology has been a passionate interest of mine throughout my time as an architectural student. Having been a victim to crime in the past, and growing up in an impoverished area of Bradford, urban design and its connections to crime and safety have been an interest to me throughout my architectural studies.

This essay explores the design of Bradford’s city centre and

how certain modes of design/ or spaces that have accidentally been created may lead to an increased area of crime rate.

We as architects have a responsibility to design spaces that feel

safe to the public - but what defines a space of safety? What are the rules that create these spaces - and on the contrary, what creates a space of danger?

141

Introduction

This paper uses the theory of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) to investigate why hotspots of crime

may have developed within Bradford’s City Centre. Firstly, the investigation provides a background into Bradford’s crime statistics, identifying hotspots of crimes taking place most frequently. Using this, aspects of the built environment causing opportunities for these crimes to occur will be explored through qualitative analysis, reviewing literature on CPTED and information from Bradford City Council’s Architectural Liason Officer. The result will be an attempt to identify what aspects of Bradford’s Urban environment could be causing those areas to become hotspots.

W h a t i s C P T E D?

CPTED, a term coined by criminologist C. Ray Jeffrey, works through the notion that “crime results partly from the opportunities

presented by physical environment”1. Crime is caused by multiple factors, social, political, environmental and as Jeffrey argues sometimes biological. As Shaftoe states “No one criminological theory can explain crime, but most theories have at least some value in helping us to develop a comprehensive understanding of what causes certain types of offending in certain contexts.”2 The work of theorists such as Jeffrey, Newman and Jacobs evidenced correlations between the built environment and increased opportunities of crime. Today, their research and principles of CPTED have been adopted by most of the world’s developed countries.

142

Stage 5 / Urban Design & Crime / Urban Scale

Shoplifting Hotspots

ASB Hotspots

Assault Hotspots

Why Bradford?

This paper focuses on the City of Bradford, due to its high crime rate in comparison to the average rates of the country (fig.1). Ranking as the UK’s eleventh most deprived city3, Bradford has many social reasons for its high crime rates, but one factor could be related to its urban design.

Bradford’s development plan emphasises the need for all future proposals “to ensure that crime prevention is considered as an integral

part of the initial design of any development and not as an after-thought.”4 However, the majority of the town centre was planned before CPTED was considered. As noted by Architectural Liason Officer Lisa Reardon, “Bradford has many old buildings, some of which have recesses or alleyways so these routes can be used for strangers / potential offenders as areas of concealment.”5 This makes Bradford the perfect backdrop for assessing environments that could be causing an increase in opportunities for crime. Identifying these aspects could aid the possible “designing out” of crime in the future.

Research into criminal activity within the city centre displayed three types of crime to be of much higher frequency. These included; Shoplifting, Anti-Social Behaviour and Violent/Sexual Assaults. Using quantitative analysis of crime maps, hotspots of these activities occurring within Bradford were identified.

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04 Construction& Management Summary

This module aims to develop an understanding of professional

practice in relation to design and construction, increasing our understanding of the role of the architect within the industry.

The first assignment involves analysing risk within our own thesis projects, teaching us how to mitigate and recognise risk.

The second assignment discusses issues that may occur if one of our projects becomes a fee paying project in real life with a client.

Reflection

The module increased my awareness of the roles within the

industry, and highlighted the responsibility we have not just as an architect but as a member of the construction industry, increasing my knowledge of the roles we must either appoint ourself as or our responsibility to appoint other people. At the front and foremost, I now understand our duties towards the client and can discuss the rules and regulations surrounding any issues that may occur surrounding this topic.

145

Project Overview

This case study is based on a Stage 5 project, due to its more realistic scenario and technical

build up. The original site was situated in Rotterdam on a peninsula surrounded by water, however for the purpose of this assignment it should be assumed that the project is based in the UK under British regulations.

The brief was to design a ‘cradle to cradle’ plastic recycling factory and conference tower that the public can visit and interact with, increasing awareness of the environmental issues surrounding plastic.

Funded by the government, the client - the City Council, focus the brief on delivering a high

quality building with a bespoke structural concept inspired by the form of plastic, including an efficient environmental and construction waste strategy. Their aim is to become a pioneering city that rejects ‘new’ plastics and continuously recycles its existing plastic.

The factory hopes to become a tourist destination, eventually funding itself. The design

includes many areas for the public; a ramp runs parallel to the factory revealing how the plastic is processed, recycled plastic art exhibition spaces, 3D recycled plastic printing studios and a conference tower to host the annual European Plastic Recycling Show (PRS).

A bespoke ‘form and formwork’ strategy will be implemented to reduce waste in the building

process. The steel formwork would be used to cast the concrete parts of the private plastic processing parts of the factory, this formwork would then be retained as trusses to build the public parts of the building.

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Stage 6 / Construction & Management

General Issues

If the City Council appointed our firm as architects, we would first outline the extent of the

services we could provide. As many professional disciples would be involved in preparing a full set of drawings for this complex, high cost project, the architect would most likely take the role of Lead Designer and Project Lead - in order to ensure all disciplines work together to deliver the project on time, to high quality and on budget.

A traditional procurement route would be advised, due to the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s request for high quality,

plus a limited government budget and increased risk from designing bespoke structures and non-standard details. This will ensure high design quality is retained and minimises the clientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s financial risk, ensuring detailed drawings are prepared before tender.

Access to and within all Public parts of the building should be designed in accordance to Part

M vol. 2. Particular care should be taken in ensuring external public access to the building is separated from private staff access to loading bays and processing towers. We would recommend contacting a highways consultant to ensure road widths and access from the main road meet highway regulations.

As the client wishes to implement an environmental strategy, the building is designed to re-

use heat produced from the factory to heat public areas of the building. Bespoke solar shading panels and mechanical openings have been designed to work with the ventilation systems. These complex designs would require input from specialist M&E consultants.

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Developing Non-standard Elements FORM & FORMWORKStructural CATALOGUE The building is created from form and formwork, replicating the process of stone lithography. The formwork is a series of allumini-

um compound trusses,stemming made from recycled and copper, which assemble public walkways that lead the public A major issue from allumnium this project is the design andto create development of new structural around the factory. The form - self insulated concrete, is created uses stacks of the trussess as formwork. The concrete that is formed

becomes the private areas of the building, where theof plastic is processed andThe recycled. Both the form and become increasdetails and unconventional methods construction. client requires anformwork innovative design, ingly refined and complex as the process of recycling the plastic becomes more refined. however innovation brings risks; technical risks - in terms of structural loading, financial risks - less reliable cost projections and an increased possibility of delayed completion.

There are two key reasons for the rational of the structural strategy. Firstly, creating an

aesthetically engaging, bespoke structure that emulates plastic form is a high priority on the client’s brief. The council envisages a building that is architecturally extraordinary - a place that people will come to visit. Secondly, the development of a re-usable formwork that becomes part of the building’s structure itself, eliminates waste and reduces cost - as the client wishes for the project to be as waste free as possible.

There are several ways to control the risk that derives from developing new details. According

to Walker and Greenwood “The need for the full team to see the bigger project picture” reduces risk and increases value of the project. Input from many other professional disciplines will be required to develop the structural design, as discussed in the previous section. As the architect is taking on the role of Project Lead, it will be important to communicate the client’s design intentions effectively to consultants and all members of the design team.

It is essential to choose a procurement route that delivers “value as well as the more common

criteria of time, cost and quality”. In this project value is being achieved by addressing the client’s need for a high quality, bespoke and aesthetically engaging space - in order to attain public interest on a global level. By choosing a traditional contract, there is more control on the quality of the final design - FORM ensuring details areCATALOGUE not costed out by the quantity surveyor, & FORMWORK The created form and formwork, or replicating process of stone The or formwork is a series of alluminior building ruled isout duefrom to time, difficulty lack oftheskill from thelithography. contractor structural engineer. um compound trusses, made from recycled allumnium and copper, which assemble to create public walkways that lead the public around the factory. The form - self insulated concrete, is created uses stacks of the trussess as formwork. The concrete that is formed becomes the private areas of the building, where the plastic is processed and recycled. Both the form and formwork become increasingly refined and complex as the process of recycling the plastic becomes more refined.

148

Stage 6 / Construction & Management

Implementing a Construction Waste & Environmental Strategy

The client requests for maximum use of recycled materials within the construction, to

minimise construction waste and for the application of an environmental strategy. We would recommend working with the Environmental Agency and BREEAM guidelines to help build the overall strategy.

Several documents could also be referred to regarding the Construction Waste Strategy; - Parts 1-4 of BS8895 “Designing for material efficiency” covering RIBA plan of work stage 0 to completion and end of life. - WRAP “Designing out waste: a Design Team Guide for Buildings “ Recycled aluminium has been specified for the trusses (also used as formwork), due to it’s

resistance to corrosion , as the site is heavily exposed to wind, rain and close to the river. It is also lightweight making it easier to achieve intricate shapes. However, to reduce risk post- tender, careful wording in the material specification to the contractor should be used to protect the client. For example - ‘recycled aluminium is specified for the structure, unless another material is tested to be more efficient’.

As Project Lead the importance of the Waste Management Strategy should be communicated

effectively to the Main Contractor and Sub-Contractors. Care must be taken in retaining the formwork - again issuing careful instruction to the Main Contractor. The material specification should highlight that wherever possible recycled materials should be used, ie. recycled aggregate in the concrete.

Implementing an environmental strategy can be more expensive in the short term, increasing financial risk. However, long term cost benefits often outweigh this. For example it will be more expensive to build a rain water harvesting system for washing the plastics at first, but it will cost less over time in energy and eliminate the need for buying water from the mains supply.

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ARB GENERAL CRTITERIA Project Index Summary

GC1 Ability to Create architectural designs that satisfy both aesthetic and technical requirements Highly Developed Designed Proposals evidenced throuhgout portoflio in: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

GC2 Adequate Knowledge of the histories and theories of architecture and the related arts, technologies and human sciences

Using Theories of themed masterplanning from Koolhaus and Theories on Heirarchy of Pleasure to Design : Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam Working with material and process theory of lithography to develop design details that reflect carlos scarpa’s “tell the tale” detail ethos - both on a large and small scale: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam Using Jameson’s theories regarding the method of building “mock futures” through science-fiction as a method to propose an architecture within a future scenario: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

GC3 Knowledge of the fine arts as an influence on the quality of architectural design Theories from the arts taken and developed into details: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam Theories from the arts taken and developed into programme: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

GC4 Adequate Knowledge of urban design, planning and the skills involved in the planning process Critical Analysis of Bradford’s Development and Planning Policy with regards to Crime: Stage 5 Tools For Thinking about Architecture // “Urban Design and Crime” // Bradford Theories of urban design demonstrated in masterplanning process: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam

GC5 Understanding of the relationship between people and buildings, and between buildings and their environment, and the need to relate buildings and the spaces between them to human needs and scale

Providing a place as a release from the city of work by designing this into the circulation in: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam The need for cradle-cradle plastic recycling - designing to the scale of the machine and the human in: Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam

150

ARB General Criteria / Project Index Summary

ARB GENERAL CRTITERIA Project Index Summary

Designing for the augmented human - examining the city wide and personal repurcissions nanobot technology in: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn Designing software to 3D print writing aids at the human scale: Stage 6 / Research Through Design / Experimental Architecture Designing softwarethat could be used as a futur app in post-digestion society: Stage 6 / Programming for Design / Experimental Architectur

GC6 Understanding of the profession of architecture and the role of the architect in society, in particular in preparing briefs that take account of social factors

Recognising Rotterdam’s association with Work - and thus a creating a brief that reflects this Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen-Pleizer” // Rotterdam Developing brief for a building that addressess issues with inefficiency of plastic recycling Stage 5 Architecture & Constuction & Architectural Design / Tell Tale Tectonics / Rotterdam Developing brief as a critique to present day issues with the food chain: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

GC7 Understanding of the methods of investiagation and preparation of the brief for a design project Developing brief through research, using science-fiction as method to build a future scario: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn Identifying lack of products for motor dysgraphia as a criteria for brief building: Stage 6 / Research Through Design / Experimental Architecture

GC8 Understanding of the structural design, constructional and engingeering problems associated with building design

Issues with creating bespoke form and formwork strategy/environmental strategy Stage 5 Architecture & Constuction & Architectural Design / Tell Tale Tectonics / Rotterdam Designing a magnetic formwork for hydrogel: Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

GC9 Adequate knowledge of physical problems and technologies and the function of buildings so as to provide them with internal conditions of comfort and protection against the climate

Designing structural and environmental strategies for public/non-public elements of plastic recycling factory Stage 5 Architecture & Constuction & Architectural Design / Tell Tale Tectonics / Rotterdam

ARB General Criteria / Project Index Summary

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Bibliography By Project

Stage 5 Architectural Design // Tell Tale Tectonics // “Immiscible” // Rotterdam Frascari M., The Tell-the-Tale Detail. In: Deely J.N., Lenhart M.D. Springer, Boston (1983) Print. McDonoughW., and Braungart M. Cradle to Cradle: Remaking the Way We Make Things. London: Vintage (2009) Print.

Stage 6 Architectural Design // Architecture+ // “A Post-Digestion Society” // Tallinn

Science Fiction/ Progress / Utopian Theory Allenby, R Braden , and Daniel R. Sarewitz. The Techno-Human Condition, (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 2011) Print. Haraway, D. ”A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist-Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century,” in Simians, Cyborgs and Women: The Reinvention of Nature. (Routledge 1990) Jameson F., “Progress versus Utopia”(Science Fiction Studies,1982) vol.9, no.2, pp. 147–158. Morton T., ‘The Ecological Thought’ (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 2010) < http://www.fao.org/resources/infographics/infographics-details/en/c/317265/>

Architecture and the Olfactory Johansen T.K., ‘Aristotle on the Sense-organs’ (Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1997) print. Pallasmaa J., “Eyes of the Skin: Architecture and the Senses (Chichester, Wiley Accademy, 2005) print. Classen, C. Howes D. and Synnott A., Aroma: The Cultural History of Smell.( London: Routledge, 1994) Print.

Hydrogels, Algae and Magnetism Bleakley S. and Hayes M., ‘Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production’ Foods 6.5 (2017) 33. Crippaa F., Thomas L. Moorea, Mariangela Mortatoa, Christoph Geersa, Laetitia Haenia, Ann M. Hirtb, Barbara Rothen-Rutishausera, Alke Petri-Fink ‘Dynamic and biocompatible thermo-responsive magnetic hydrogels that respond to an alternating magnetic field’, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 427 (2017), 212219. Francesco F. Montesano, Angelo Parente, Pietro Santamaria, Alessandro Sannino, Francesco Serio, BiodegradableSuperabsorbent Hydrogel IncreasesWater Retention Properties of Growing Media and Plant Growth, Agriculture and Agricultural Science Procedia,Volume 4,2015,Pages 451-458. Frushizaki Fumio, Yamaguchi Hiroshi, Nakamura Kumiko, Numajiri Sachihiko, Sugibayashi Kenji, Morimoto Yasunori, Swelling and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels,International Journal of Pharmaceutics,Volume 58, Issue 2,1990,P. 135-142, Huang C., Quinn D., Suresh S., and Jimmy Hsiaa K., ‘Controlled molecular self-assembly of complex three-dimensional structures in soft materials’, PNAS (2017), 1-5. Khalil S.M. Islam, Sarthak Misra, ‘Control of Magnetotactic Bacteria’, Microbiorobotics (2017), 61-79. Kurtoglu H., Melek U., Türker Saçan, ‘Bacterial cellulose production by Komagataeibacter hansenii using algae-based glucose’, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2017), 24.12, 11154–11162. Lode, A. , Krujatz, F. , Brüggemeier, S. , Quade, M. , Schütz, K. , Knaack, S. , Weber, J. , Bley, T. and Gelinsky, M. (2015), Green bioprinting: Fabrication of photosynthetic algae‐laden hydrogel scaffolds for biotechnological and medical applications. Eng. Life Sci., 15: 177-183. doi:10.1002/elsc.201400205 Qiu F., Bradley J.Nelson, ’Magnetic Helical Micro- and Nanorobots: Toward Their Biomedical Applications’, Engineering (2015), 1.1, 21-26. Taokaew, Siriporn, Muenduen Phisalaphong and Bi-min Zhang Newby, ‘Bacterial Cellulose: Biosyntheses, Modifications, and Applications.’ Applied Environmental Materials Science for Sustainability (2017) 255-283. Wang Y., ‘Programmable Hydrogels’, Biomaterials (2018), 1-18. Xiaohui Yan, Qui Zhou, Melissa Vincent Yan Deng, Jiangfan Yu, Jianbun Xu, Tiantian XUu Tao Tang, Liming Biang, Yi- Xiang J. Wang, Kostas Kostaleros, Li Zhang ’Multifunctional biohybrid magnetite microrobots for imaging-guided therapy’, Science Robotics (2017) 2.12.

Stage 5 Architectural Design // Dreamland // “Reizen Pleizer” // Rotterdam Koolhaas R. ‘Delirious New York : a Retroactive Manifesto for Manhattan. New York :Monacelli Press, 1994. Print. Van Ulzen P. ‘Imagine a Metropolis’ (010 Uitgeverij, Netherlands, 2007) Print.

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