Fall Auto and Home 2018

The

P

RESS

SEPTEMBER 24, 2018 | SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT TO

The Press Newspapers • Buying a preowned vehicle • Recognize brake problems • Design a functional pantry • Protect your home from winter

How to safeguard your vehicle from the elements Why do brake rotors warp?

Braking systems are comprised of various components, including rotors.

Rotors are large metal discs that can be seen behind the wheels of the car.

Rotors can sometimes appear to warp, and many drivers may question why this occurs or if this is a signicant problem.

Rotors cannot really warp. Automotive experts note that rotors are metal discs that are cast under extreme heat conditions. It would take a similar application of heat by the braking system for rotors to actually bend, which is impossible. Other factors make rotors appear to be warped, so describing such rotors as “warped” is an easy way to explain the problem to vehicle owners.

For brakes to work correctly, brake pads must be applied squarely and evenly against the rotor. But friction can cause some brake pad materials to form residue on certain areas of the rotor, eventually contributing to uneven rotor surface levels. Some spots become thicker, while others may thin out.

Drivers’ own habits, including their braking tendencies, can contribute to uneven rotors. Riding the brakes for prolonged periods of time can cause hot brake pads to “paint” the rotors. So constant braking should be avoided.

Drivers also can shift into a lower gear when driving downhill so that prolonged breaking is unnecessary. Also, avoiding frequent hard breaking may help. People who live in an area where they’re hard on the brakes either because of hilly terrain or trafc may nd such environments can take a toll on the performance of their vehicles’ brake systems.

Brake system issues, such as front brakes having to work harder than rear brakes, or over-torqueing when wheels are installed, also may cause rotors to warp. New pads and brake pads need to be tted correctly and properly “bedded.” Bedding is the initial transfer of friction material from pad to the disc to form a smooth, uniform layer. Break-in instructions should be included with new brake installation.Warped rotors can cause symptoms such as squeaky sounds and lead to jittery feelings in the car when brakes are applied. Such rotors also can cause the vehicle to vibrate when coming to a stop.

If warped rotors seem to be an issue, mechanics may be able to put thicker rotors into a lathe to smooth out the residue and restore an even surface, but the problem can come back. It is usually best to replace rotors if they are causing severe vibrations or issues when braking.

KAYLOR

I

n a perfect world, all vehicle owners would be able to park their cars and trucks in garages. In such a world, automobiles would not be vulnerable to sun, storms and other natural elements that, over time, can contribute to wear and tear.

But many drivers cannot or choose not to park their cars in garages. Some are content to let their vehicles brave the elements, while others look for ways to protect their cars and trucks as much as possible. Drivers who count themselves among the latter group can take these simple steps to protect their cars and trucks from whatever Mother Nature has in store for them.

• Park in the shade. Parking in the shade can protect both the interior and exterior of a vehicle. Shaded areas protect upholstery and dashboards inside the car from sun-induced fading, while also limiting the damage sun can cause to exterior paint. Faded paint may hurt the resale value of a vehicle, prompting prospective buyers to walk away or at least wonder if a vehicle with a faded exterior was well maintained.

• Wash and wax. Washing and waxing a vehicle helps to minimize damage that’s inevitable regardless of where drivers park their cars. Dirt and debris litter roadways, and over time cars can collect a large amount of these unwanted stowaways. If dirt and debris are not removed, they can cause long-term damage to vehicle exteriors. Washing and waxing a car

can ensure its exterior looks good and reduce the likelihood of rust and other corrosion from occurring.

• Don’t write off bird droppings.

Some drivers, especially those who do not park their cars and trucks in garages, may write off bird droppings as an annoying yet harmless side effect of vehicle ownership.

However, bird droppings are acidic and, if left to their unsightly devices, can cause permanent damage to vehicle paint. Tree sap is an equally formidable foe, potentially causing scratching because it can be very difficult to remove without spreading. Specially formulated sprays can help drivers remove bird droppings and sap from their vehicles.

• Employ a car cover. Drivers who have garages but use them to store things other than their vehicles can use car covers when parking their cars in their driveways. Covers protect cars from the elements and can be quickly and easily removed.

Nature can be harsh on vehicles. Protecting automobiles from the elements should be a priority for drivers, especially those who do not park their cars and trucks in garages.

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Design a more functional pantry In order to accommodate for spending more time in the kitchen, homeowners are directing additional attention to kitchen preparation and storage features. In fact, one recent trend in kitchen renovations c is creating custom-designed pantries.

M any homeowners wish they had more storage space, and kitchens

are one area where people seemingly can always use more storage.

Despite a desire for more kitchen space, until recently, kitchen pantries fell out of favor. Builders and architects may have thought that close proximity to supermarkets as well as multi-use cabinets in kitchens would offset the need for pantries. But according to a recent survey from the National Association of Home Builders, a kitchen pantry is the most desirable kitchen feature for buyers in the market for a new home.

According to a 2016 survey from ReportLinker, 98 percent of Americans say cooking at home is their preferred way to prepare a meal. And despite the wide array of restaurants, prepared meals and fast food options nearby, more than one-third of people cook at home daily, with nearly 50 percent cooking between three and six days a week.

Locate the appropriate space Ideally, pantries should be in or adjacent to the kitchen. But not every home layout allows for this setup. Some homeowners need to move storage pantries into the garage, the basement or a mud/laundry room.Various factors should be considered before placing a pantry outside a kitchen. What is the climate? Will food spoil? Is there a possibility that vermin or insects can infiltrate the room and access food? These factors will dictate whether to have closed cabinets, air-tight bins or open shelves or if other modifications must be made to the room prior to building.

Choose the type of pantry Accessibility is essential in a pantry.

Everything should be easily reached and grabbed as needed without having to move too many things. Ideally, foods should be arranged in a single layer so that all items can be viewed at a glance. Shelves of various depths and heights can accommodate items of different sizes. Adjustable shelves are ideal because they can be modified as foods change. Sliding drawers can improve reach in cabinets.

In smaller spaces, French door-style reach-in cabinets are convenient and flexible. In complete kitchen remodels or new constructions, walk-in pantries offer the most space and flexibility.

Must-have features Pantries serve different functions in different homes. For the bulk shopper, a pantry with plenty of room for large items will be needed.

Lighting can be beneficial in all pantries. Lights can improve visibility when trying to locate items. Others prefer an outlet for charging hand-held vacuums or other small appliances. Counter space in the pantry enables homeowners to unload groceries directly onto pantry shelves.

For pantries located outside of the kitchen, built-in freezers can maximize

storage possibilities, especially for those who freeze-and-eat after bulk shopping ventures.

Pantries are popular features that homeowners can customize depending on their storage needs and the amount of time they spend in their kitchens.

Signs it is time for new windows Windows help regulate the temperature in a home, let in natural light and keep insects, weather and outdoor elements outside where they belong. The right windows also can add value to a property by providing aesthetic appeal and increasing curb appeal.

Although homeowners can typically get many years out of their homes’ windows, ultimately windows will need to be replaced. Homes that are more than 20 years old and still have their original windows could be due for an upgrade.

Aluminum- or wood-framed windows also may be ripe for changing. Here are some signs that it’s time to replace windows.

• Drafty feel in the home: Window frames can begin to shrink as they age, allowing air to ow from the outdoors in and vice versa. Homeowners may notice drafts when standing near windows or hear whistling on notably windy days.

• Rising energy bills: If energy bills are inexplicably on the rise, then old windows could be to blame. Aging, drafty windows can make it necessary to run HVAC systems more often and at higher or lower temperatures in order to keep homes comfortable.

• Windows are difcult to open or close: Homeowners may get used to the quirks of their windows, but those that are difcult to open or close may require replacement. In addition, if windows need to be propped open, it’s time to replace them.

• Water inltration: Warping or decaying window frames can make it easy for rain or snow to get into the home. Wood frames are particularly prone to moisture decay. If frames are warping or allowing water into the home, it’s time for an upgrade.

• Condensation on windows: Fog or condensation buildup on windows can occur if the seal between panes is broken. In this instance, replacement windows are necessary.

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Protect your home from winter’s freeze F

reezing temperatures may be good for ice skating or building snowmen, but sub-freezing temperatures can be dangerous for the average person and his or her home.

Cold weather often leaves people scurrying to do whatever is necessary to safeguard themselves from the big chill. But it’s important homeowners also protect their homes in cold weather.

Plumbing Plumbing and pipes may be vulnerable to cold weather. Frozen pipes may burst and cause substantial damage to a home, potentially causing flooding and structural damage.

Homeowners should disconnect and drain garden hoses before winter arrives. Water to outdoor hose bibs should be turned off, though the valves on these outdoor faucets should be left open to drain. Also, outdoor faucets can be covered with insulating foam covers.

The Red Cross says pipes that freeze most frequently include pipes in unheated areas, such as basements, attics, garages, and crawl spaces. Close vents to the outside in areas like attics and basements to limit the amount of cold air that gets indoors. Think about insulating unheated areas, as well as using pipe sleeves, heat tape or wraps on exposed pipes.

By opening kitchen and bathroom cabinet doors, homeowners can allow warm air from a home to reach pipes under the sink. During extreme freezes, keep cold water dripping from a sink to prevent pipes from freezing.

Service HVAC systems It’s important to ensure that heating systems are working properly prior to the cold-weather season. It may only take hours for the interior of a home to reach dangerously low temperatures without

adequate heat. Homeowners should schedule annual checkups of furnaces and hot water heaters. Inspect the heat exchanger for cracks, install a clean air filter and make sure all thermostats are working properly.

Have fuel ready Homeowners who heat their homes with oil, wood or coal should make sure they have plenty of fuel on hand in advance of winter. Shortages can occur, and it may take some time for new fuel to arrive in the midst of a cold snap.

As a precaution, homeowners can rely on portable space heaters to fill in the heating gaps during freezing temperatures. Exercise extreme caution with these devices, turning them off when leaving the room and remembering to avoid overloading outlets.

Protect outside Drain birdbaths, clean out downspouts and remove water from other items where water can freeze and cause damage to your outside decor.

Remember to inspect your roof prior to the snowy season, but stay off roofs during freezing weather.

Remove snow shovels and other winter gear from storage and make sure the items are easily accessible during snowstorms.

Winter’s bite can be severe.

Homeowners can protect themselves and their properties when the freeze sets in.

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How to recognize potential brake problems Maintaining a vehicle is more than just a way to protect one’s nancial investment. Vehicle maintenance can protect against accidents and make the road safer for drivers and their passengers as well as their fellow motorists.

Fully functioning brakes are an important component of automotive safety.

In its 2015 Crash Stats report, the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration said that brake-related problems accounted for 22 percent of crashes where vehicular failure was cited as the cause of the collision. Bad brakes are particularly notorious for rear-end collisions. Faulty, worn brake lines, antilock brake system malfunctions and worn brake pads and discs are some potential brake problems.

It is important that motorists learn to recognize the rst symptoms of brake trouble so they can address issues before they put drivers, their passengers and other motorists at risk of accident or injury.

• Unusual noises: Screeching, grinding, rubbing, and high-pitched sounds are common indicators that brake pads, rotors and other parts of the braking system need attention. Worn pads can cause damage to other vehicle parts, resulting in more expensive repairs if they’re not addressed promptly.

• Pulling: If the car pulls to one side when applying the brakes, this may indicate brake pad linings are wearing down unevenly. A brake adjustment may be necessary. Pulling also may be indicative of an object or debris caught in the brake uid.

• Less responsive: If when pressing on the brake pedal the brakes just do not seem to be as effective as they once were, or it is necessary to press the pedal harder for the brakes to engage, there may be a brake uid leak or an air leak. Check under the vehicle to see if any uids are pooling.

• Pungent odors: Firestone Tire Company says a burning smell may be indicative of worn out brake pads and friction on the tires. Each of these issues require immediate attention.

• Vibrations: Certain vibrations may indicate brake issues. Rotors can become warped from metal-on-metal rubbing, potentially leading to a failure of the vehicle to brake properly. Vibrations also may indicate tires are misaligned. These problems can be properly assessed by a trained mechanic.

Do not let potential brake problems go unchecked. Keeping brakes in good working order helps drivers stop more readily and avoid collisions.

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Autumn is a prime time to tend lawns and gardens Autumn is gardening s season.

That statement may

n seem right to those not w think of the spring as who the peak time to care t for f lawns and gardens.

However, autumn is an ideal time to get into the garden and ent sure that flowers, trees and garden beds will over-winter successfully.

Mums are perennials. When properly planted and cared for, they can bloom every autumn.

A number of things make autumn a prime gardening season. The cooler days of fall enable gardeners to spend ample time out-doors without the threat of blazing heat. In addition, soil harbors a lot of residual warmth in autumn. Also, the colder temperatures haven’t yet

arrived in autumn, nor have the leaves completely fallen, making fall a prime time to assess what’s already in the landscape, what needs pruning back and where to address planting for next year.

Gardening enthusiasts can focus their attention on these areas this fall.

• Pamper perennials. As annuals and perennials start to fall back, mark the spots where perennials are located so they can be easily identified later on.

This way, when planning spots for spring bulbs or other spring layouts for next year, perennials won’t be overlooked or covered over.

• Prune shrubs. Look at shrubs and trees and cut out dead or diseased wood.

• Clean up borders. Weed and tidy up borders and lawn edging.

• Install pavers or rock wall. Embrace the cooler temperatures to work on labor-intensive projects, such as putting in

Did you know?

The disclaimer “Objects in mirror are closer than they appear” is featured on passenger-side mirrors of vehicles manufactured in the United States, Canada, India, Korea and Australia. These mirrors are convex, which means they distort the size of objects viewed in the mirror, and as such, distorts the perception of how close or far away objects are from the driver’s car. However, this distortion allows for the reection of a wider eld of view on the side of the vehicle to help eliminate blind spots.

In the United States and Canada, driver’s side mirrors are at or “planar.” Dual convex mirrors are not currently the norm on vehicles manufactured in North America based on requirements implemented by the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration’s Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard 111.

Elsewhere, such as in Europe, dual convex mirrors are included on vehicles. Many automotive companies support having two convex mirrors on the sides of cars to eliminate blind spots, as well as reduce the driver’s need to twist his head to the left when turning or changing lanes. However, at mirrors have been required to avoid distortion and give drivers the most accurate assessment of trafc to their left for changing lanes, called “unit magnication.”

This may soon change, though. According to a 2013 statement from the National Highway Trafc Safety Administration, “The agency intends to reevaluate existing side-mirror requirements (FMVSS No. 111) to determine whether convex mirrors should be harmonized with European requirements.” Currently, drivers can modify their driver’s-side mirrors to include a convex mirror add-on, as long as the mirrors also have the required at portion.

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a garden bed, retaining wall or walkway.

• Remove spent summer veggies. Take out vegetable garden plants that have already bloomed and borne fruit. Tidy up vegetable gardens and start to sow cooler weather plants, such as onions, garlic, beans, and sweet peas.

• Rake and compost. Rake the leaves and gather grass clippings to add to the compost pile.

• Plant spring bulbs. Get tulips and other spring bulbs ready for planting so they’ll burst with color next year.

• Dig up herbs. Relocate herbs like parsley or basil to indoor gardens.

Otherwise, strip all leaves and freeze for storage during winter.

• Consider mums. Chrysanthemum plants are perennials. While they look beautiful in pots, if planted, maintained and winterized, they can bloom every fall.

• Fertilize the lawn. Fertilizing in autumn helps ensure grass will stay healthy throughout the winter.

• Add mulch and compost to the garden. Replenish spent soil with mulch and compost so garden beds will be revitalized for spring planting.

• Prune hedges. Tidy up hedges, as they won’t be growing much more this year.

• Clean and store equipment.

Clean, sharpen and oil all equipment, storing lawn and garden tools properly so they are ready for spring and not lying out all winter.

Autumn may not seem like gardening season, but there are plenty of lawn and garden tasks to tend to during this time of year.

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5

How to approach buying a preowned vehicle

V

ehicles are considerable investments. According to Kelley Blue Book, the estimated average transaction price for light vehicles in early 2018 was $36,270.

Perhaps because of that price tag, many people in the market for cars and trucks shop for preowned vehicles, which statistics indicate are considerably less expensive than new automobiles. Edmunds.com notes that the average transaction price for a used vehicle purchased in the first quarter of 2018 was $19,700.

Of course, preowned vehicles carry more risk than new cars. That said, car buyers in the market for preowned vehicles can take steps to protect themselves against the risks associated with buying used cars.

• Shop for certified preowned vehicles. Certified preowned vehicles, or CPOs, typically come with an inspection and extended warranty. That can ease the concerns of buyers worried about buying a lemon. Many CPOs are

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recently returned off-lease veh i cles that tend to have low mileage. Lessees are obligated to return leased vehicles in good condition or suffer financial penalties, meaning most offlease vehicles, will be well-maintained.

• Recognize “certified” and “CPO” are not the same thing.

Edmunds.com notes that there’s sometimes a difference between vehicles that are characterized as “certified” and “certified preowned.” The CPO designation typically means the vehicle manufacturer stands behind the vehicle and its warranty. A vehicle described as “certified” many only be backed by the dealership itself. That’s an important distinction for buyers who may travel a lot or those who plan to move, as a manufacturer-backed warranty should allow them to take the vehicle to any of the manufacturer’s dealerships for repairs, regardless of where those dealerships are located.

Drivers of vehicles that are only certified by a dealership may only be able to take their cars in for repairs at that particular dealership.

• Get a vehicle history report. Some sellers, whether it’s dealerships or private citizens, may provide vehicle history reports. But even if they don’t, the cost of such reports is negligible compared to the value of the information they provide. These reports indicate if a vehicle has been in any serious accidents and indicate mileage that can alert buyers to

buyers a feel of how a preowned vehicle handles. Don’t succumb to pressure to cut test drives short, and be wary of sellers who want to keep test drives to a minimum.

Preowned vehicles can be great investments, especially when buyers take steps to make the most informed decisions possible.

Three tips to drive more efciently From the beginning, drivers are often taught the benets of defensive driving.

Safety is often the focus of such lessons, but the benets of driving safely and efciently extend far beyond safety.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, aggressive driving can lower gas mileage by roughly 15 to 30 percent at highway speeds. In addition, a 2017 study from researchers at the DOE’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory found that aggressive driving can contribute to a reduced fuel efciency by as much as 40 percent in stopand-go trafc.

Speeding, as well as rapid acceleration and braking, are hallmarks of aggressive driving, and each of these habits puts drivers, their passengers and other motorists at risk of accident and injury. By taking these steps to drive more efciently, drivers can save money and potentially even lives.

1. Avoid rooftop cargo. Rooftop cargo units can be benecial for family vacations or other extended getaways. But using rooftop cargo boxes as traveling storage units for items you don’t need on a daily basis or simply keeping empty units attached to vehicle roofs compromises fuel efciency. Rooftop cargo bins increase the aerodynamic drag on vehicles, forcing them to burn more fuel than they would need to burn while moving without anything attached to the roof. DOE estimates suggest that large, blunt rooftop cargo boxes can reduce fuel efciency by as much as 25 percent when a vehicle is moving at speeds between 65 and 75 miles per hour.

2. Don’t treat your trunk like a closet. Trunks are not closets, so resist the temptation to use them to store golf clubs and other items that are better stored in a house or garage. Research has indicated that an extra 100 pounds in a vehicle can reduce gas mileage by about 1 percent. Because that gure is based on the percentage of extra weight relative to the vehicle’s weight, drivers of small vehicles may nd using their trunks as closets to be especially costly and inefcient.

3. Use cruise control when possible. Cruise control makes it possible for vehicles to maintain constant speeds. That helps drivers ensure they are always obeying the speed limit, and it keeps cars from the constant acceleration and deceleration that wastes fuel.

Efcient driving is safe, cost-effective and eco-friendly. With some simple strategies, drivers can do their part to protect the planet and make roads safer, all while saving money.

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illegal odometer adjustments, and some may even indicate if maintenance was performed at manufacturer-recommended intervals. If sellers are reluctant to provide reports or the VIN numbers of a vehicle necessary to order them, then walk away.

• Take a long test drive. A long test drive through various conditions (hills, curvy roads, highways, etc.) can give

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The

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a k i n g leaves is a chore many people immediately associate with autumn. Even though raking seems like a simple activity, it’s still possible to be injured while removing leaves from the yard.

The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center advises that pain from outdoor leaf chores can range from strained back muscles to twisted knees. Blisters on the hands and sunburn are other potential side effects. Many people do not realize that raking is a thorough cardiovascular workout. Individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease or those who have recovered from sur-

gery may not be well enough to rake leaves.

Here’s how to make autumn leaf removal more of a breeze when the job is done safely. • Pay attention when using a leaf blower. Be cautious not to point an operational blower in the direction of people or pets, as debris can be blown about and cause injury. • Stretch out before raking leaves.

Warm up muscles beforehand so they are less likely to cramp. UPMC experts suggest taking a short walk prior to raking to stimulate circulation. • Use proper raking form. Much like snow shoveling, one should emphasize proper posture when raking, with legs slightly bent and weight distributed evenly. Hold the rake handle close to the body and keep one hand near the top of the rake for better leverage. • Use the proper gear. A leaf rake fans out like a triangle and comes in various widths. Choose a lightweight material that can be easily maneuvered. A metal rake is for stones and dirt and shouldn’t be used for leaves. To get between bushes, a smaller version of a

leaf rake, called a shrub rake, should be used. • Wear protective gear. When raking or leaf blowing, protect your eyes against debris. You also may want to use a mask to prevent inhalation of leaf mold and other particulates. Gloves can protect hands from blisters. • Follow manufacturers’ directions.

Read the instructions for powered leaf blowers, and never modify the device in an unauthorized way. • Use a tarp and lift wisely. Rake leaves onto a tarp that can be dragged to a garbage pail or to the curb for municipal pick up. For those who must lift bags of leaves, do so by bending at the knees, not from the waist. • Wear sunscreen. Protect skin from the sun. Even though temperatures are cooler in the fall, this does not mean the sun’s rays are any less harmful. Also, take breaks to rehydrate frequently. • Use a secure ladder. When removing leaves from gutters, be sure the ladder is sturdy and secure. Consider having a friend serve as a spotter, holding on to the ladder to offer greater security. Do not overextend to stretch for leaves.

If at any time during leaf clean-up you feel sharp or dull, incessant pains,

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Audio / Visual Equipment: Cables, cords, cable boxes - Analog / Digital boxes, cell phones, digital cameras, DVD players, DVR recorders, gaming consoles, hand held devices (e-readers, tablets), radios, routers, stereo components / systems - NO tKK KDWKE Ed^, telephones and VCR / VHS players.

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Other Household / Electronic Items NOT ACCEPTED: ƾŜĹ?ĆšĆ?Í• Ä?Ä‚ĆŠÄžĆŒĹ?ÄžĆ? ͞ŽĨ ĂŜLJ ĹŹĹ?ŜĚ), CFL bulbs/tubes, christmas lights, compressors, electric keyboards / organs, electric toys, lawn equipment, tools (Ä?Ĺ˝ĆŒÄšÄžÄš Ĺ˝ĆŒ ĆŒÄžÄ?ĹšÄ‚ĆŒĹ?ĞĂÄ?ĹŻÄž), white goods (ĹŻÄ‚ĆŒĹ?Äž ĂƉƉůĹ?Ä‚ĹśÄ?ÄžĆ?Íż and WOOD speakers.

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Cleaning up leaves is considerable work, but not all of those leaves need to be carted away. In fact, there are several different uses of leaves that can be beneďƒžcial.

1. Spread leaves as a protective mulch to cover tender perennials or root crops/bulbs in the ground.

2. Create a pile of leaves that will break down and form a crumbly, compost-like material called leaf mold.

3. Brown leaves can be added to green materials in compost piles to improve the health of the compost being formed.

4. Store dried, mulched leaves in a dry spot so they can be used in the spring as a weed barrier for spring plantings.

5. Use shredded leaves as a lawn supplement.

6. Bag dried leaves and pack them tightly together in cold areas of the home, such as basements or garages.

7. Gather a few of the best-looking leaves and preserve them. Use an iron on a low setting and press leaves between two pieces of waxed paper until the waxed paper seals together.

Fallen leaves can be used in many different ways throughout the year.

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