Architecture Portfolio - Prethvi Raj

Urban Den(c)ity Thesis

Architecture Portfolio Prethvi Raj R M (Undergraduate) 2011 -

2016

Content

01

DEN(C)ITY - “AN IMMINENT URBAN SCENARIO” sem 10 - Thesis(Individual work) Site Area : 30,000m2 Builtup Area : 60,000m2

Project Brief:

density

in a mixed use building Aim is to achieve maximum / development on a particular site in a habitable condition.

Projections show that urbanization combined with the overall growth of the world’s population could add another 2.5 billion people to urban populations by 2050. As a result, there is numerous challenges in meeting the needs of their growing urban populations, including for housing, infrastructure, transportation, energy and employment, as well as for basic services such as education and health care. Architects and other professionals play a major role in shaping these conditions.

what is density

?

density - Save Space / Save Energy:

“The quantity of people or things in a given area or space”

what is urbandensity

?

“Number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. ”

Cities generate high concentrations of pollutants, but on a per capita basis residents of leafy suburbs are far more responsible for air pollution and global warming than their urban neighbors.

Living closer together helps save agricultural and resource land.

12 units per hectare generates about 1/3 rd less of harmful emissions than someone driving the miles necessary to live at a denSource: Visualizing Density sity 3 units per hectare.

01 I 02

Misconception of densityas “Unhealthy”

Growth of density Vertical MONOTONOUS

TRAFFIC

Rigid Growth

LOSS OF PRIVACY

Horizontal

OVERCROWDED

Organic Growth

Favela, Brazil

Kibera, Kenya

CRIME

STRESS

POLLUTION

URBAN HEAT ISLAND

Urbanization led to the shortage of housing in the cities , due to the advancement in construction techniques and usage of modern materials like cement, concrete, we can meet the requirements fastly. But most of these structures don’t get influenced by the local culture and their customs, it’s mostly modular based design and construction.These spaces are visually stimulating but lacks in social dynamic values.

The definition of slums is complex, the nature of housing, not being permanent and durable. Slum architecture itself doesn’t follow any trend or architecture style and is solely the outcome of direct sheltering and minimal living necessities. Slums are organic growths generated in urban environment, inside urban landscapes, and have similar composition principles .These spaces are socially dynamic but lacks in physical infrastructure.

Other side of densityas “Healthy�

Amenities Per Person: Reduced Pollution

Current Scenario:

Traffic Schools and Hospitals :

6 m2

Green areas: 4acres per 1000 population i.e, : TOTAL

Great Neighbourhood

Saving Agriculture

Of which , at least 10m2/person should within easy reach

16 m2

Three new High rise buildings

22 m2

10 m2

Lack of Space

Affordable Service

so, what is density

?

Density should not be measured using buildings height or area of a place by people it should also contain the area required for

density

their active lifestyle. So, should also include the area of the amenities per person and it should be calculated by number of persons living not by percentage. It can no longer be limited as a mathematical problem but need to be dealt as a way for urban habitation.

Public Transport

Shared Amenities

Amenities required for t h o s e buildings takes over the neighburhood

Number of People

Amenities

Number of People + Amenities / Area

Area 03 I 04

Site : Chennai

25,000

Rural to Urban migration have been increased multiple folds in the past few decades. Chennai is the fourth largest metropolitan area in India, with a population of about 9 million in 2011. The Chennai Metropolis is located on the Coramandal coast in South India. Topographically plain terrain with few isolated hillocks in the south-west. Mumbai leads in urban density but chennai holds for maximum vehicles which creates a wide opportunity for densifying it to make it more sustainable.

20,000

15,000

14,350

10,000

23,650

29,650

30,000

5000

Area

178 sq.km Population

46,46,732

M um

ba i Ko lka ta Ch en na i

0

Source: New Indian Express

Urban Density (People/sq.km)

2,500

Rural

20km

Urban

40km

3

1800

97%

2000

53%

47%

2015

46%

53%

2050

34%

66%

20km

20km

40km

Urban Sprawl in Chennai:

2,000

27%

1,500

6%

500

73%

94%

58%

1,014

1,000

1,260

2,093

42%

i um ba M

ne Pu

Ch en na

i

0 Source: The Times of India

Vehicle Density (Vehicle/km of road)

“ High density cities are more SUSTAINABLE than low dense cities�

16m2 per person Source: Recomended by Municipal and Charles Correa in CTBUH 2010

9.5m2 per person Source: Recomended by United Nations.

Current Scenario

Site : Shenoy nagar,Kilpauk, Chennai

The site comprises of people from various economic backgrounds with different housing needs; though these people depend upon each other for their needs there’s not much of a communal interaction due to their economic background.The proposal will thus focus on maintaining integrity within the neighborhood and also will extend its service to the surroundings. The spatial integration will be conceived such that it gives ample choices for interaction and ensures personal comfort and privacy.

N

Above 5 floors One floor above

2-4 floors

NFour different dwelling modules to be accomodated in the

design, giving possibility to connect with the ground level and establish an orderly transition between economic groups (1200 sq m to 400 sq m) both horizontally and vertically. The surface level activities become prime part of 400 sq ft and 600 sq ft units which will be reinforced with more horizontal spread providing physical connections to green spaces while the 1200/800 units were zoned in the upper levels overlooking the green space.

ZONING:

+ 1200 sq.ft

+ 800 sq.ft

+ 600 sq.ft

400 sq.ft

05 I 06

Height Analysis:

2 - 100%

8 - 25%

14 - 14.3%

Open vs Built Site:- 30,000m2 FSI - 2 Built:- 60,000m2 (Floors - Coverage%) - Showing various coverage vs height

3 - 66%

9 - 22.2%

15 - 13.4%

4 - 50%

10 - 20%

20 - 10%

5 - 40%

11 - 18.1%

30 - 6.7%

6 - 33.33%

12 - 16.6%

40 - 5%

7 - 28.5%

13 - 15.4%

50 - 4%

Optimum Height

50

After Calculating the Open vs Built Space relation it is found that after a certain point the amount of Open space for a dwelling/ person hardly increases as height goes up. So, an optimum height for this building considering the open space lies around 8 - 13 floors 40

Floors (no.)

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 30 40 50

COVERAGE

COVERAGE

Open

30000 20000 15000 12000 10000 8571 7500 6666.6 6000 5454.54 5000 4615.38 4285.67 4022 3000 2000 1500 1200

100.00 66.67 50.00 40.00 33.33 28.57 25.00 22.22 20.00 18.18 16.67 15.38 14.29 13.41 10.00 6.67 5.00 4.00

0 5900 10900 13900 15900 17327 18400 19232 19898 20444 20900 21283.42 21613 21875 22900 23900 24400 24700

m2

%

m2

From Site From Site m2 m2 Per Person Per Dwelling 0.00 0.00 1.74 6.94 3.21 12.82 4.09 16.35 4.68 18.71 5.10 20.38 5.41 21.65 5.66 22.63 5.85 23.41 6.01 24.05 6.15 24.59 6.26 25.04 6.36 25.43 25.74 6.43 6.74 26.94 7.03 28.12 7.18 28.71 7.26 29.06

Difference m2

6.94 5.88 3.53 2.35 1.68 1.26 0.98 0.78 0.64 0.54 0.45 0.39 0.31

Height (m)

30

20

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Open Space / Dwelling(m2)

07 I 08

SKY VILLAGE

BELAPUR HOUSING Charles Correa

25000 20000 15000 10000 5000

80000

8

70000

7

60000

6

50000

5

40000

4

30000

3

20000

2

10000

1

Site Area

8 HOUSE

Total Built

BIG ARCHITECTS

BIG ARCHITECTS

10

150

15

8

120

12

6

90

9

4

60

6

2

30

3

0

0

0

3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000

0

0

0

WEST 57 TH MVRDV

FSI

FSI by Law

Height m

500 0

Open Space / person m2

Density per Hectare

density as a mathematical problem when approached with a vertical solution brings about variety and

diversity in the overall composition. But, in most case fails to provide opportunity for individual units to develop their own identity. The similar floor plan layout when stacked vertically suggests monotony in spatial and volumetric organisation and also leaves no room to form clusters or communal groups within the building. The hierarchy in open spaces/community terraces had also becomes insignificant in European context whereas it become the essentials of Indian scenario.

CASE STUDY - INFERENCE

The cultural connect we hold with our land drove our Indian cities with horizontal spread rather than vertical rise.

But, the time has now created the most imminent situation; to move out from our fabric and look for a densification tool. Optimizing European models for Indian scenarios will divide us apart from our societal living. The traditional horizontal pattern may also prove to be technically inefficient for today’s intense demands. A new age densification method in specific, driven from contextual parameters and also supports context in future is necessary to neutralise the play between spread and rise.

Living

Core

Open

Living

Cluster

Core

Open

Hiearchy in open space

Design Ideas: Creating clusters with Hiearchy of open space to properly integrate the building to its surroundings.

Various Configuration to break monotony

Varying the cluster’s configuration and stacking them, breaks the buildings monotony. By customizing the way the building opens to the cluster, people can create their own identity.

When there’s more need of space, it should be more of a regulated growth without any lose in open space.

Creating the framework for the people to grow or to adapt the change and still forming clusters.

So, when there’s an increment, people can create or evolve their own set of spaces, breaking the monotony and also creating identity.

Regulated framework

09 I 10

Form 1:

Living Cluster Core

Open

Unit

Open Space

Core Dwelling

Open Space

Core

Size of Cluster: i) Splitting the total open space attained when building is 10 storey high

24 m2 Open Space Dwelling on site

5.88m2 Open Space per person on site

Form 2

per

Ref.: Height Analysis.

12 m2

24 m2

12 m2

i) Fire Safety Maximum distance between Core and Dwelling

22

.5m 22

.5m

Plan showing Dwelling integrated with Open space and its growth

I

Plan 1

II

Plan II

11 I 12

Seven Modules based on economic backgrounds where generated with their own respective open spaces.

Modules: 1200sq.ft

800sq.ft

These modules can further grow horizontally or vertically resulting in formation of the structure.

13 I 14

600sq.ft

400sq.ft

1200sq.ft

800sq.ft

600sq.ft

400sq.ft

Lower Floor:

Upper Floor:

400 - 600 sq.ft units

The structural system comprises of shear walls, beam and coffer slabs to support the structure.

15 I 16

Plan Generation

Arriving plan by having wind

N Rooms in a dwelling unit is arranged at 45 degree at increase the indoor air velocity and to minimize the wind shadow region .

The Pattern has been generated according to prevailing wind direction and to establish a connection with the park on the south side.

N The Built form is generated to connect the existing park with its open space to generate more active Public neighbourhood. The Block at the center is removed to create a pass beneath the building creating a large space to accomodate common amenities. The blocks on the northeast is pushed down to create a view for the southern blocks.

Form Generation 17 I 18

N

Sections AA’

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ZONING OF UNITS:

1200 sq.ft units

800 sq.ft units

600 sq.ft units

400 sq.ft units The lives of our city lies in the sustainable building of our neighbourhoods. The modular approach is crafted to reflect our contextual patterns and support

density

as a tool to incentive growth. strengthen our cities has to be approached and explored in a multidimensional way to inject value to our system rather than making it unidirectional problem solving methodology.The societal parameters thus when over power our design methodology, the calculations will be redefined by our context shaping a healthier neighbourhood and city network.

21 I 22

FORMAL NATURE Buildings are Reccessed from the road

Petty shops at nodes creates spillover like pockets

Introverted Nature

Bldg

High rise building with standalone character

Program Nature

Spillover

Building Physicality

Extroverted Nature

Series of shops creates linear spillover

Lowrise wall to wall connected buildings.

Road

Parking

Pavement

Street Realtionship

Directly connected to street

Bldg

Road

Pavement

INFORMAL NATURE

Qualities required on site from study to make model: Permeability Legibility Flexibility Visual Aesthetics Diversity

Nungambakkam High road

Qualities Arrived:

Anna Salai

Gemini Circle

Degree of Permeability

Cathedral Road Anna Salai

Flow Of Space (Circulation)

So, to break the Formal character of Nungambakkam High Road and to enchance the Commercial, Commerce and Non-Commercial Activities around, a Program with â&#x20AC;&#x153;INFORMAL QUALITYâ&#x20AC;? needs to be designed.

Gemini Flyover

Gemini Flyover

Gemini Flyover

Nungambakkam High Road

Anna Salai

G.N.Chetty Road

G.N.Chetty Road

G.N.Chetty Road

Degree of Permeability

Nungambakkam High Road

Nungambakkam High Road

Anna Salai

Flow of Space

Anna Salai

Final Idea

Form

The city has spread out on all sides. While many commercial and institutional buildings have been added, very less public spaces has been added to the city. The understanding of leisure and public gathering too has changed. Leisure and consumersim have coupled so tight and it is manipulating the nature of new public space.

Many Air Conditioned malls in the city tend to look like public spaces are undoubtedly private spaces. Apart from the entry, public behaviour is also modualted to suit commercial interest.

So from the study, stand has been taken, a future public space can happen only as a hybrid complex.

Considering the significane of the site both in terms of historic and geographic terms, a convention centre with high degree of publicness has been chosen. Unique characteristics of Nungambakkam high road and Anna Salai are taken as an inspiration for the design, the formal and informal qualities of the given context.

There are two function one is exhibition hall with a quality of movement and the other, convention hall with the contained quality. Both the functions have unique characteristics of the micro context.

25 I 26

Context Analysis

Program Built

Retail Commercial Expo

Convention

Office Commercial Closed Expo

Institutional

Open

Open Expo

S er vi c e

Event Space

Open

Board Rooms

Convention Seminar Halls

Religious

Jewel shops

Permeability and vertical zoning Convention

Expo

Open

Built Built

Open

Built Built

Open

Open

Built Built Built

Open

Open Open

Open Open

Open

Lift

Open Hall

Lobby

Board and Seminar Rooms

Lobby

Convention Hall

Lift Open Hall

Open Lift

Built Open

Road

Open

More Permeable

Street Street

Atrium

Less Permeable

Form Evolution: To achieve maximum permeability, building has been pushed inside the site and stacked as event space comes under the shade during the noon time.

An open space connecting all the exhibition hall is introduced in-between the expo halls to create an interesting movement with auditoriums and conference halls at each floors. The bottom building is recessed to create a street quality where the eatery shops are designed.

27 I 28

Expo Hall1

Restaurant

Restaurant

E a t e r y street

Outdoor dinning

LCD Screen

Expo Hall2

Event Space

Atrium

Expo Hall3

Wating Halls

Lift

Ramp

Waiting Ara

Auditorium

Lecture Rooms

Expo Hall4

Conference Hall

Ramp - Entry

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Open Expo

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sC @C8`

Sun Path showing the shade provided by the building over the event Space.

sC @C8`

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Eatery street/Restaurant 6B9 6B CIH9CCF ]:GH6IF6BH >G D@68:9 ;68>B< BIB<6A

Digital Facade

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Restaurant

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Hospital

Waiting Area

Informal Space

Emergency

Lab Paediatric ward Operation theatre

ICU and CCU

N General ward

General ward

Private Ward

Chemotherapy

Consultation rooms

Diagnosis Radiology

Basement To avoid visitors and other patients getting exposed from radiation, Radiotherapy is placed at the basement with separate access for its service.

Diagnosis is placed above radiotherapy and connected by a dump to collect its radiation waste separately.

33 I 34

Ground Floor Being the most used space cafeteria acts as an informal space to address all users. The emergency placed at corner with OT with separate site entrance.

The Imaging is isolated from the main waiting area and has separate access to the other floors so the circulation of Inpatients and Outpatients dont overlap.

First Floor The I.C.Uâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and E.C.Uâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s are connected to the open corridor which leads to the courtyard with rehab at its end.

The West side entrance which is provided for the patients who comes in a periodical appointment for imaging and for the chemotherapy in second floor ( for sittings) secluded from the main waiting area and entrance for their privacy and for other services of the hospital.

Second Floor The General ward has a central circulation space with the open dining space which gets staggered and gets connected to common area which has GYM , Rehab and Kitchen as a recreational space. This Informal space is quite big to accommodate all the inpatients needs and their activities.

Section:

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Waiting Space I st Floor

Open Space I st Floor

Å&#x192;Å&#x2021; NSDC

Project Brief:

Citation

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National Student Design Competition

sem 06 - Competition (Group of 4)

Principles of Universal Design

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Seating

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Seating

Shading Device Landing

Viewing Deck

Ramp 90 m

Stairs

Resting platform with shade

Temple Tank

100 60

Able Bodied Kids Cane Users

Detailing for different users

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Stairs design

05

Project Brief:

PARAMETRIC FORM

The aim of the project is to understand Parametric architecture and how it has been generated. The design revolves around 12 given points which should be interpreted to generate form irrespective of the function but by using a rule. As form arrives a parameter is a chosen and it is allowed to manipulate the form to make it more efficient and sustainable, and come up with a manipulated form.

sem 05 - (Individual work)

25 m 25 m

25 m

25 m

Line The points are arranged in a systematic grid pattern and connected with a line element. +

+

+

+

+

+

Form

+

+

+

+

+ +

The line gets attracted to point if positive and it repels when it is negative in 3Dimensional way to make a basic form

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Form Responding to WIND

Minimum

Jalli Wall - Venturi Effect

Maximum 90

Wind Pressure is much higher at right angled surface and are minimum in the parallel ones.

The skin of the building is treated with, the Jalli wall. The Jalli has a flap at the top to increase the pressure of air entering the building through small jalli resulting in venturi effect and directing them which enchances the air circulation. When this warm air passes through jalli it gets cooled down by water, and cools down the building.

Wa t e r circulated back to ground

Air handling unit heat from external air in summer is absorbed by cooler water from borehole.

Warm air in

Layer of impermeable rock

Borehole

20

40

Pump

Borehole layout designed to cool down the building

The angle of slope is doubled so the pressure of air entering the building increases.

Jalli MODEL

The contact of air is much more effective in a concave surface than in a flat surface 39 I 40

Å&#x192;Å&#x2030; Puzzle

sem 01 - 9 squares (Individual work)

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ŃŊ

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PHOTO DOCUMENTATION

DOCUMENTATION DESIGINING

APPROVAL DRAWINGS INTERIOR

DETAILING DOCUMENTATION AND DESIGNING

Ńŋ

Ajith Andagere Architects,

Bangalore

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Documentation - Bamboo workshop

Door & Window detailing:

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Exacavation

Plinth

Wall Marking

Door and window marking

Plan

Sill drawing

Lintel drawing

Beam

Wall plate

Tools for Sustainable design workshop(EDS) >J:B &FC?:8H ]:G>9:B8: "C86H>CB $:K :@=> B9>6

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Workshop

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Rammed Earth

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Model Making

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