Management science, 4 1, nov 12, set 1, (a) management science, 4 1, may 13, r9, (a)

S.1

Management Science (November-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur Code No.: 9AHS701/R09 IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations

November - 2012 MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

Set-1 Solutions

( Common to ECE, E.Con.E and EIE )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE questions All questions carry equal marks ---

1.

Define management. Explain the nature and scope of management. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)

2.

Discuss the features of line and staff organization with a chart. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.4)

3.

Explain the following:

4.

(a)

Statistical quality control

(b)

r chart, c chart, p chart. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.5)

(a)

Explain the features of good stores layout. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.6)

(b)

Explain the formats of different documents used in a store. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.6)

5.

Explain the different methods of training. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.4.4)

6.

(a)

Distinguish between PERT and CPM. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

(b)

What do you mean by project crashing? State the procedure involved in crashing. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.4)

7.

Discuss the stages in the strategy formulation and implementation. Explain. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.6)

8.

Explain the process of benchmarking. Is it effective in bringing organizational changes? (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.12)

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S.2

SOLUTIONS TO NOVEMBER-2012, SET-1, QP Q1.

Define management. Explain the nature and scope of management.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q1

Answer : Management For answer refer Unit-I, Q1, Topic: Definitions.

Nature of Management For answer refer Unit-I, Q2, Topic: Nature of Management.

Scope of Management

The scope of management is very wide and is divided into various operational areas of business management as follows, 1.

Production Management

Production management includes planning, organizing, directing and controlling the production function in order to produce the right goods at right time in right quantity.

2.

Marketing Management

Marketing management basically deals with the research of consumers needs and satisfying their wants by supplying appropriate goods and services.

3.

Financial Management It manages to procure funds for the organization from various sources at right time and at reasonable cost.

4.

Personnel Management

Personnel or human resource management refers to the selection, development, compensation, maintenance, integration, planning, organizing and controlling of human resources of an organization.

Q2.

Discuss the features of line and staff organization with a chart.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q2

Answer : For answer refer Unit-II, Q17, Topic: Line and Staff Organization.

Q3.

Explain the following: (a)

Statistical quality control

(b)

r chart, c chart, p chart.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q3

Answer : (a)

Statistical Quality Control For answer refer Unit-III, Q26.

(b)

R-chart, C-chart, P-chart

R-Chart [Control Chart for Range] R-chart helps in providing the additional information about the production process and act as a tool for control. This chart also helps in evaluating, the variability in the process constantly.

Central line, CL = R Upper Control Line, UCLR = D4 R Lower Control Line, LCL R = D3 R

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S.3

Management Science (November-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur The values of D3, D4 depends on sample size ‘n’.

Upper Control Limit UCL R Sample Range (R)

Sample Means ( X)

Upper Control Limit UCL X

Central Line (X )

Central Line (R)

Lower Control Limit LCLX

Lower Control Limit LCL R

Number of subgroups Mean chart (X chart)

Number of subgroups Range chart [ R chart] Figure

c-chart, p-chart

For answer refer Unit-III, Q30, Topics: c-chart, p-chart.

Q4.

(a)

Explain the features of good stores layout.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q4(a)

Answer : For answer refer Unit-IV, Q30. (b)

Explain the formats of different documents used in a store.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q4(b)

Answer : For answer refer Unit-IV, Q31.

Q5.

Explain the different methods of training.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q5

Answer : There are two methods of training the employees,

1.

On-the-Job Training (OJT)

2.

Off-the-Job Training/Classroom training.

Training Methods

On-the-Job Training (OJT) – Job Rotation – Committee Assignments – Job Instruction Training (JIT) – Internship Training – Coaching and Mentoring – Under Study – Apprenticeship Training

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Off-the-Job Training

– – – – – – – – –

Vestibule Training Programmed Instructions Role playing Lecture methods Conference/Discussion Incident Training Inbasket Method Grid Training Case Study

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S.4 1.

On-the-Job Training (OJT)

(e)

In this method, the trainee is placed under the guidance of a supervisor. The supervisor assess the employee performance, provides him the feedback and offers some suggestions of improvement. In this method the trainee also shares the responsibilities of the supervisor. The main drawback of this method is that the trainee don’t have any freedom to express his ideas.

This is the most commonly used method of training the employees. In this method, the employee is placed on his regular job and taught the skills necessary to do that job under the guidance of a supervisor. On-the-Job training is advantageous by providing first hand knowledge under the actual working conditions. During the training period, while the employee learn to perform the job, he is also a regular worker rendering the services for which he is paid.

The different on-the-job training methods are, (a)

(f)

Committee Assignments

(g)

Job Instruction Training (JIT) In this method, the trainer explains the trainee the job knowledge and skills, method of performing the job and allows him to do the job. At the same time, the trainer analyzes the employee performance and provides him the feedback. The War Manpower Commission’s bulletin “Training Within an Industry” (TWI) in 1945 gave the following steps of ‘Job Instruction Training’.

(d)

Apprenticeship Training This method of training is used in those trades, crafts and technical fields in which proficiency is acquired after a long period of time in direct association with work under direct supervision of experts. In India, Section 4 of the Apprenticeship Act, 1961, provides that no person can be engaged as an apprentice to undergo apprenticeship training in a designated trade unless such person or, if he is a minor, his guardian has entered into a contract of apprenticeship with the employer, and the contract of apprenticeship has been registered under the Apprenticeship Act.

In committee assignments method, a group of employees are given an actual organizational task/ problem and are asked to solve it. The group members collaborate and cooperate with each other to solve the problem. This method of training develops the team work and intergroup collaborations. (c)

Under Study Under study is a method in which an employee is trained to take in future the full responsibility of the position of his superior. This method helps an organization to acquire an employee of equal competence as his superior and prevents the recruitment of a new unknown personnel. In this method an employee is taught about the method of doing the job, decision-making, leadership skills etc.

Job Rotation Job rotation is the movement of an employee from one job to the other of same nature. This method provides an opportunity to enhance the knowledge and skills of an employee and make him competent in several jobs rather than one. Though this method is advantageous, frequent movement of employees may disturb the regular job.

(b)

Coaching and Monitoring

2.

Off-the-Job Training/Classroom Training

(iii) Performance tryout

In this method of training, the trainee is separated from his actual job and trained for his future job performance.

Contrary to on-the-job training where the trainee is disturbed by his actual job requirements, off-the-job training facilitates him to cater his entire interest on the training only. This method provides an opportunity to the trainees to have a freedom of expression. The different off-the-job training methods are,

(iv) Follow-up.

(a)

(i)

Preparation (of the learner)

(ii)

Presentation (of the operations and knowledge)

Internship Training In this the educational institutes and business firms cooperated with each other and select a group of candidates. The selected candidates carry on regular studies for a period of time and at the same time work in a office or factory to acquire the practical knowledge. This method is advantageous as it provides a balance between theory and practice. But this method is a slow process and is time consuming.

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Vestibule Training In this method, training is provided by the simulation or creation of actual working conditions in a classroom. The classroom exactly represents the actual working conditions with same kind of machines, files, equipments etc. Vestibule training in general is used to train clerical and semi-skilled jobs.

The duration of this training ranges from days to a week. This method provides an opportunity to relate theory with practice.

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S.5

Management Science (November-2012, Set-1) JNTU-Anantapur (b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

Programmed Instructions This method of training became popular during the recent years. The theory or the subject-matter to be learned is presented in a series of carefully planned sequential units ranging from simple to more complex levels of instruction. The subject matter is presented in the form of multiple choice and fill in the blanks and then trainee passes through each unit by answering these questions. The main drawback of this method is it is time consuming and expensive.

Role Playing Role playing is a realistic behaviour in an imaginary situation. The participant/trainee plays the role of certain characters like production manager, mechanical engineer etc. This method includes doing action and practice and is generally used to improve interpersonal skills.

Lecture Method Lecture method is a traditional and direct method of training. In this method, the trainer/instructor prepares a material and delivers it to a group of trainees in the form of a lecture. The lecture prepared by the trainer should motivate the trainees and create interest in them. The lecture method is advantageous because it is direct and can be delivered to a large group of trainees at the same time. One of the major limitation of lecture method is that it cannot transfer the training effectively.

Conference/Discussion In conference method group of people meet and pose ideas, share the facts, test the assumptions and draw conclusions to improve the job performance. This method is mainly used to train the clerical, supervisor and professional personnel. Unlike lecture method which involves only one way communication, discussion involves dyadic communication and it also provides feedback. This method is advantageous that the trainee has the opportunity to speak.

Incident Training Incident method was developed by Paul Pigors. The main aim of this method is to develop the trainee in areas of practical judgement, intellectual ability and social awareness. This method involves development of an employee in a group, i.e., a group of employees who require training are selected and are trained. For training the employees, incidents are prepared basing on the actual situations that happened in other organizations. Each trainee in the group is given the incident and asked to make short-term decisions. Later, the group discusses on the incident and takes decisions through group interactions.

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(g)

Inbasket Training Under this method, the trainee is given a basket or pile of papers and files related to his functional area.

The trainee is then asked to study and analyze the situation and make necessary recommendations. The recommendations provided by all the trainees are compared and conclusions are made.

The advantages of inbasket method are,

It is simple and economical.

It helps the trainees to learn problem-solving skills.

It reduces interdepartmental conflicts.

The disadvantages of inbasket method are,

(h)

The solutions arrived at by the participants may tend to be abstract.

Trainee may find difficulty to adapt themselves to rigid situations and lack originality.

Case Study Case study method of training was developed at Harvard Business School. In this method, a real business problem is presented to the trainees in the form of writing. The trainees are asked to analyze the problem and suggest the alternative courses of action.

The benefits of case study method are,

Improves analytical skills and problem solving skills.

It intergates interdisciplinary knowledge.

Makes the trainee aware of managerial concepts and processes.

The case study method suffers from following limitations,

Q6.

It is time consuming and expensive to prepare good cases.

A real time case may not be applicable in different cultural situations.

(a)

Distinguish between PERT and CPM. Nov.-12, Set-1, Q6(a)

Answer :

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q6, Topic: Comparision between PERT with CPM. (b)

What do you mean by project crashing?

State the procedure involved in crashing.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q6(b)

Answer : For answer refer Unit-VI, Q15.

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S.6 Q7.

Discuss the stages in the strategy formulation and implementation. Explain.

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q7

Answer : For answer refer Unit-VII, Q22.

Q8.

Explain the processof benchmarking. Is it effective in bringing organizational changes?

Nov.-12, Set-1, Q8

Answer : Process of Benchmarking

Eventhough different companies make use of different steps in benchmarking, the approach used by the companies for benchmarking is the same. The benchmarking is a continuous process wherein data is collected, goals are set and analysis is conducted with the help of the following seven steps, 1.

Determining what to benchmark 2.

Analyzing what to measure

3.

Identifying who to benchmark

4.

Data collection

5.

Examining the data and determining the gap

6.

Goal setting and developing action plan

7.

Monitoring controlling the process.

What to Benchmark?

What to measure?

Clarifying benchmarking objectives Deciding team members and defining the process.

Setting boundaries and agreeing on the process Flow chart the process

Examining the flow chart Developing process measures.

Verifying the measures

Who to Benchmark?

Conducting general research Selecting the level to benchmark

Data collection

Using questionnaires Carrying out a benchmarking site visit

Analyze data and determine the gap

Quantitative data Qualitative analysis

Goal setting and developing action plan

Setting performance goals.

Developing action plan

Monitoring the process

Identify changes Make benchmarking a routine process

Figure: Benchmarking Process

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S.7

Benchmarking Effective in Bringing Organizational Changes It is a popular tool to encourage superior performance by providing an arranged structure, through which organizations learn how the “best in class� perform, it examines the best practices and implements them in the own organization.

Benchmarking is used by manufacturing and service organizations like Xerox, AT and T, Motorala, Ford and Xoyreha.

1.

Identifying the Business and Competitive Objectives Benchmarking is a tool to accomplish business goals and competitive objectives. It is extensively beneficial when used for the right purpose and implemented with organization a goals and strategies.

2.

Establishing the Strengths The strengths of the organization are enhanced to gain competitive advantage. Benchmarking is a technique that assists organization to develop the strengths and eliminate weakness.

3.

Previous External Orientation External orientation encourages the performances in the organization. It helps in gaining competitive advantage and informs the organizations regarding substantial operating improvement which have developed elsewhere.

4.

Time and Cost Efficiency Benchmarking is time and cost efficient as the process of benchmarking includes adaptations beam the best practices rather than pure invention. The practices adapted beam the process of benchmarking are less time ensuring.

5.

Encourages Progress Benchmarking encourages frequent maintaining of latest developments and continuous improvement of quality and performances.

6.

Information Regarding Advanced Technology Benchmarking encourages new innovation by adapting it beam external environment and utilizes the information gathered to improve the process. It review the technologies and locates and customize them in the own organization.

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B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

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S.8 Code No.: 9AHS701/R09

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations

November - 2012

Set-2 Solutions

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE (Common to ECE, E.Con.E and EIE )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ---

1.

What are the social responsibilities of a manager in twenty first century? (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.10)

2.

What is committee organisation? Explain the basic principles of committee organisation. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.4)

3.

Distinguish between plant layout and process layout. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)

4.

Define consumer behaviour. What is its importance in marketing? (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.10)

5.

Discuss the merits and demerits of payment by time and payment by results. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.4.6)

6.

(a)

Explain the areas of application of network techniques. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

(b)

Mention the objectives of network scheduling. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

7.

What are the factors of external and internal environment to be considered while formulating the strategy?

(Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.3) 8.

Critically evaluate the ERP market in India. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.8)

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S.9

Management Science (November-2012, Set-2) JNTU-Anantapur

SOLUTIONS TO NOVEMBER-2012, SET-2, QP Q1.

What are the social responsibilities of a manager in twenty first century?

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q1

Answer : For answer refer Unit-I, Q24.

Q2.

What is committee organisation? Explain the basic principles of committee organisation.

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q2

Answer : Committee Organisation For answer refer Unit-II, Q17, Topic: Committee Organisation.

Basic Principles of Committee Organization

There are seven basic principles of committee organisation with the help of these principles, the committee organisation would be easily able to achieve its goals and objectives in a successful and easily manner. These principles are as follows, 1.

Minimal Number of Members

A committee organisation should have minimum ‘2’ members and a maximum of ‘6’ members. This principle helps greatly in the organised management of the committee.

2.

Regular Meetings

Committee organisation should arrange regular meetings wherein all the members must attend it compulsorily.

Meetings can be called either on weekly, monthly or quarterly basis.

3.

Mutual Trust Every member should work by following the principle of mutual trust and cooperation with the other members.

4.

Rights and Duties The rights and duties of all the members must be clearly defined.

5.

Liabilities of Members The liabilities of the committee members must be according to their rights and duties.

6.

Membership Criteria

Only the qualified and active members must be included in the committee i.e., the people who has immense knowledge about the committee’s task.

7.

Retirement The members of the committee should be given retirement rotationally.

Q3.

Distinguish between plant layout and process layout.

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q3

Answer : Plant Layout For answer refer Unit-III, Q5, Topic: Plant Layout.

Process Layout For answer refer Unit-III, Q8, Topic: Functional Layout (Process Layout) (First Paragraph only).

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Differences between Plant Layout and Process Layout The few differences between plant layout and process layout are as follows, Plant Layout Process Layout 1. It refers to a floor plan of the physical facilities 1. It refers to a layout wherein similar kind of machines which are utilised in production. and services are clubbed together.

2. It minimizes the material handling cost.

2. The process layout does not reduce the material handling cost.

3. The arrangement and operation are flexible in 3. The task allocation for the existing machine is flexible in nature. nature.

4. It focuses on investing minimum amount in 4. Process layout requires low investment in machines. equipment.

5. Plant layout effectively utilizes the existing space. 5. Process layout effectively uses the existing machinery.

6. It offers safety and comfort as well as employee 6. It provides interesting and satisfying occupation for the convenience. operator.

7. It facilities in improving the productivity.

7. It is not easy to control the production.

8. It facilitates in the manufacturing process 8. It is used in determining the product layout. and it designing the organisational structure.

Q4. Define consumer behaviour. What is its importance in marketing?

Answer : For answer refer Unit-IV, Q42.

Q5. Discuss the merits and demerits of payment by time and payment by results.

Answer : For answer refer Unit-V, Q34.

Q6. (a) Explain the areas of application of network techniques.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q4

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q5

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q6(a)

Applications Network techniques of PERT and CPM have wide spread applications. Some of the typical areas in which these techniques are widely accepted and adopted are, 1.

Research and Development PERT was extensively used in R&D area for the purpose of development of new products, process and systems.

2.

Construction Industry One of the largest areas in which network techniques have found application is construction industry.

3.

Manufacturing Few applications in this case are design, development and testing of new machines, installing machines and plant layouts.

4.

Marketing For the development and launch of new projects and for plan of distribution, advertisement programmes are designed and networks find application in these areas.

5.

Maintenance Planning PERT is used for planning of maintenance activities such as shut down and maintenance of chemical plants, power plants, cement manufacturing firms etc., as well as overhauling of huge machineries and equipments.

6.

Inventory Planning Network techniques help in inventory control, spare parts acquisition etc.

7.

Administration Networks have been used by the administration for streamlining paperwork system, making major administrative system revisions, long range planning and for man power planning etc.

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S.11

Management Science (November-2012, Set-2) JNTU-Anantapur (b)

Mention the objectives of network scheduling.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q6(b)

The different objectives of network scheduling are as follows, 1.

Time Based Objectives

It aims at minimizing the project duration. In real world the minimization of project duration plays a crucial role by reducing the risk and increasing the cash flows and so on.

2.

Resource Based Objectives

Now-a-days greater importance is being laid down on the resource-based objectives,, than the time oriented objectives. Basically it deals with solving the resource availability cost problem and resource levelling problem.

3.

Financial Objectives

Network scheduling basically aims at analyzing the incoming and outgoing cash flows during the process of project implementation. It also further aims at maximizing the Net Present Value (NPV) of the project.

4.

Quality Oriented Objectives

It primarily aims at minimizing both the estimated rework times and costs and also tries to improve the quality.

5.

Regular and Non-regular Objectives

It aims at analyzing the differences between regular and non regular objectives functions. A regular measure of performance is also known as early completion measures, which is a non-decreasing function of the activity completion times whereas, on the other hand the nonregular performance measures is also known as free completion measures. For example maximizing the NPV (Net Present Value).

6.

Multiple Objectives

Multiple objectives are essential for constructing the basic schedule. In case of multi-objective the analysis would include the use of weighted or combined objectives. A multicriteria approach basically deals with the concurrent factors of different objectives and seeks aims at maintaining a balance between various criteria in order to obtain paretooptimal solutions.

Q7.

What are the factors of external and internal environment to be considered while formulating the strategy?

Answer : For answer refer Unit-VII, Q16.

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Nov.-12, Set-2, Q7

Q8.

Critically evaluate the ERP market in India.

Nov.-12, Set-2, Q8

Answer :

Initially, ERP systems were introduced only in manufacturing industry. But presently its scope, has been widened and it covers other major industries too. According to the “ARC� advisory report, in the year 2004 the Indian ERP market constituted $ 83 million and it is being predicted that this market would grow at a faster pace in India in the coming years and would more than $ 250 million. The world wide ERP vendors are getting attracted towards the Indian markets, especially because of availability of large member of talented and cheap (i.e., not costly) professionals.

According to IDC, the Indian ERP market would reach upto $ 341 million in the coming next five years. The SME potential is the preferred choice of ERP vendors which has constituted nearly 47% of the overall ERP market. The following table helps us in analyzing the Indian ERP market share.

1.

SAP AG

20%

2.

JD Edwards

10%

3.

SSA

10%

4.

QAD

10%

5.

Ramco

9%

6.

Baan

7%

7.

Oracle

7%

8.

MAMIS

4%

9.

Others

23%

Total

100%

Earlier the Indian companies were forced to make use of the ERP products which were not at all suitable and were not allowed by the Indian regulations. This was because, those products were manufactured in other parts of the world.

But now-a-days, ERP vendors are greatly taking into consideration the Indian regulations (Taxes, Payroll and so on) and are designing the ERP products which are effectively suitable to Indian markets and are in accordance with the regulation. It has also been predicted that in the coming future, there would be greater demand for ERP products, not only in India but throughout the world offering great opportunities for the software companies. It is been found out that ERP systems in few Indian companies have resulted in certain serious issues problems. These problems were related to time and money, whose main reason, cause was lack of proper planning.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.12 Code No.: 9AHS701/R09

Set-3

IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations

November - 2012

Solutions

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE ( Common to ECE, E.Con.E and EIE )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ---

1.

Define management. State the important characteristics of management. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)

2.

Explain the significance and advantages of committee organization. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.4)

3.

What factors do you keep in mind while developing a suitable plant layout? (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)

4.

What are the duties, functions and responsibilities of a purchasing manager? (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.5)

5.

What is merit rating? What are its benefits and limitations? Explain any three methods of merit rating.

(Unit-V, Topic No. 5.4.12)

6.

The job of a project with respective time estimates are given in table, Job

(a)

Optimistic Time Most Likely Time

Pessimistic Time

1-2

3

6

15

1-6

2

5

14

2-3

6

12

30

2-4

2

5

8

3-5

5

1

17

4-5

3

6

15

6-7

3

9

27

5-8

1

4

7

7-8

4

19

28

Draw the network and calculate the following, (i)

Variance of each job

(ii) Length of the project (iii) Variance of project. (b)

What is the probability that the jobs on the critical path will be completed by the due date 42 days?

(Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.5)

7.

Explain the external and internal factors that affect business organization. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.3)

8.

(a)

Distinguish between planned receipt and scheduled receipt. (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.7)

(b)

What are the benefits of MRP? (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.3)

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

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S.13

Management Science (November-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Anantapur

SOLUTIONS TO NOVEMBER-2012, SET-3, QP Q1.

Define management. State the important characteristics of management.

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q1

Answer : For answer refer Unit-I, Q4.

Q2.

Explain the significance and advantages of committee organization.

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q2

Answer : Significance of Committee Organization 1.

Under committee organization all the members of committee are given equal authority and power.

2.

Each member can exercise their authority with the help of the vote.

3.

It can be used for any purpose and for any type of work.

4.

Committee acts as a tool for management development.

5.

In committee organization all the committee members participates in the critical decision making.

6.

It helps in gaining knowledge with the help of skills and intelligence of team members.

7.

Management involves various interest groups for the development of organization.

8.

In committee organization company has ample time for managing the temporary assignments of their team members.

Advantages of Committee Organization For answer refer Unit-II, Q17, Topics: Committee Organisation, Advantages.

Q3.

What factors do you keep in mind while developing a suitable plant layout?

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q3

Answer : For answer refer Unit-III, Q9, Topic: Factors Influencing Fixed Layout.

Q4.

What are the duties, functions and responsibilities of a purchasing manager?

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q4

For answer refer Unit-IV, Q25.

Q5.

What is merit rating? What are its benefits and limitations? Explain any three methods of merit rating.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q5

Merit Rating For answer refer Unit-V, Q45, Topic: Merit Rasing/Performance Rating.

Advantages of Merit Rating The few advantages of merit rating are as follows, 1.

It facilitates in ascertaining and deciding fair wages for each worker.

2.

It facilitates in making decisions of promotion and increment.

3.

A proper system for wage payment and incentives is introduced with the assistance of merit rating.

4.

It helps in showing the strengths and weaknesses of employees.

5.

Incase of a specific job being linked with job evaluation, merit rating facilitates in determining the suitability of the worker for such a job.

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B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.14 Limitations

The limitations of the different methods of merit rating together results in the limitations of merit rating. It analysis the subjective or objective qualities and features of employees, but there are many other qualities which may not be measured easily. However, few main limitations of merit rating are as follows, 1.

Merit rating lacks objectivity and faces many difficulties. The procedure followed is difficult in nature.

2.

It creates dissatisfaction among the employees and may influence the morale of employees due to the unfair rating system.

3.

The information provided to the rater might be incomplete, as a result the rater may not be satisfied to do rating based on all the characteristics.

4.

Frequent change in the procedure of merit rating may raise doubts among the employees.

5.

Rater in order to hide his own weaknesses rates employees mostly as average, as it may hurt the sentiments of employees.

6.

The rater is often lenient in rating in order to avoid controversies.

7.

Rating may be affected by the halo effect that may further decrease the overall significance of rating system.

8.

In case of variability in the standards for rating, merit rating may not be much useful.

Three Methods of Merit Rating For answer refer Unit-V, Q45, Topic: Straight Ranking Method, Paired Comparison Method, Man-to-man Comparison Method.

Q6.

The job of a project with respective time estimates are given in table,

(a)

Job

Optimistic Time

Most Likely Time

Pessimistic Time

1-2

3

6

15

1-6

2

5

14

2-3

6

12

30

2-4

2

5

8

3-5

5

1

17

4-5

3

6

15

6-7

3

9

27

5-8

1

4

7

7-8

4

19

28

Draw the network and calculate the following, (i)

Variance of each job

(ii) Length of the project (iii) Variance of project. (b)

What is the probability that the jobs on the critical path will be completed by the due date 42 days?

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q6

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

S.15

Management Science (November-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Anantapur Answer : Activity

Optimistic

Pessimistic

time (to)

time (tm)

time (tp)

3

6

15

1-2

(a)

Most likely

Expected Duration tc =

6

7

 t p − to  =   6 

2

4

2

5

14

6

4

6

12

30

14

16

2-4

2

5

8

5

1

3-5

5

1

17

4

4

4-5

3

6

15

7

4

6-7

3

9

27

11

16

5-8

1

4

7

4

1

7-8

4

19

28

18

16

Network

E2 = 7 L2 = 13 14

3

E3 = 21 L3 = 27 4

5 7

1 E1 = 0 L1 = 0

5

4 6

E6 = 6 L6 = 6

11

Critical Path 1 - 2 - 3 - 5 -8 1-2-4-5-8 1-6-7-8

E5 = 25 L5 = 31 4

E4 = 12 L4 = 24 6

(iii)

σ e2

2-3

7

(ii)

t o + 4t m + t p

1-6

2

(i)

Expected Variable

8 7

18

E8 = 35 L8 = 35

E7 = 17 L7 = 17 Figure Duration 7 + 14 + 4+ 4+ = 29 7 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 23 6 + 11 + 18 = 35

Therefore, the critical path is, 1 - 6 - 7 - 8.

Variance of each job 1-6=4 6 - 7 = 16 7 - 8 = 16 36 Length of the project ⇒ 35 days Variance of project = 4 + 4 + 16 + 1 + 4 + 4 + 16 + 1 + 16 = 66

( JNTU-Anantapur )

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.16 (iv)

Probability that the jobs on the critical path will be completed by the due late 42 days is given by,

Τp − Tc   prob  Z ≤  σe   Where, Tc = Expected completion time = 35 days Tp = Proposed completion time = 42 days.

42 − 35   Prob  Z ≤ 6   ⇒

Prob. {Z ≤ 1.166} or Prob. {Z ≤ 1.17}

But, Z at 1.17 from normal distribution table = 0.8790 The probability of completion of the project within 42.

Q7.

Explain the external and internal factors that affect business organization.

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q7

Answer : For answer refer Unit-VII, Q16.

Q8.

(a)

Distinguish between planned receipt and scheduled receipt.

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q8(a)

Answer : The following are the few differences between planned receipts and scheduled receipts.

Planned Receipt

Scheduled Receipt

1.

It is the receipt against the planned order which is to be released.

1.

It is the receipt for a released order.

2.

It deals with the quantity of items which are usually the planned orders and are received during the beginning of the time period to fulfill the requirement of that time period.

2.

It deals with the quantity of an item received from the supplier during the starting of the time period, the orders of which has been already placed.

3.

It resembles a plan.

3.

It represents a commitment.

4.

It is flexible in nature.

4.

It is rigid in nature.

5.

It takes into consideration the component requirement.

5.

It does not take into consideration any component requirement.

6.

It is indicated by the starting time.

6.

It is indicated by its delivery time.

(b)

What are the benefits of MRP?

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-3, Q8(b)

The following are the benefits of MRP as it: 1.

Helps in minimizing the idle time.

2.

Increases the visibility of items and their dependencies, by representing the products (which are being manufactured) through BOM (Bills of Materials).

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

S.17

Management Science (November-2012, Set-3) JNTU-Anantapur 3.

Helps in reducing the inventory levels by acquiring or procuring the materials when required.

4.

Enhances the customer service, by meeting the delivery schedules.

5.

Helps the firms to effectively respond to the changing market demands.

6.

Helps in decreasing the set up time.

7.

Has the capacity to make changes in the master production schedule.

8.

It’s plans for each item helps in production scheduling and good material tracking.

9.

Helps the mangers to make use of planned schedules, before actual release orders.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.18 Code No.: 9AHS701/R09

IV B.Tech I Semester Regular Examinations

November - 2012

Set-4 Solutions

MANAGEMENT SCIENCE ( Common to ECE, E.Con.E and EIE )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ---

1.

If you are appointed as a manager in a medium sized manufacturing company, what activities do you have to perform? Explain. (Unit-I, Topic No. 1.1)

2.

What is the need of decentralization? Explain factors determining degree of decentralization. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.3)

3.

What are the principles you follow while conducting method study and work measurement? What is its importance?

(Unit-III, Topic No. 3.4) 4.

(a)

What are the factors that determine the choice of channels of distribution? (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.10)

(b)

Why do manufacturers favour intermediaries? (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.10)

5.

Differentiate between recruitment and selection. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external sources of recruitment. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.4.2)

6.

Explain any two methods to evaluate the progress of a project. What are the critical parameters that are used for evaluation? Give example. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.2)

7.

Explain the strategies to improve sales performance of a strategic business unit. (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.6)

8.

(a)

Explain the various terms associated with MRP. (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)

(b)

What are the inputs of MRP? (Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.1)

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

Management Science (November-2012, Set-4) JNTU-Anantapur

S.19

SOLUTIONS TO NOVEMBER-2012, SET-4, QP Q1.

If you are appointed as a manager in a medium sized manufacturing company, what activities do you have to perform? Explain.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q1

The functions of the manager would remain same irrespective of the nature and size of the manufacturing company.

If incase I am appointed as a manager in a medium sized manufacturing company, I would be performing the following functions.

Functions of Management For answer refer Unit-I, Q1, Topic: Functions of Management.

Q2.

What is the need of decentralization?

Explain factors determining degree of decentralization.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q2

For answer refer Unit-II, Q16.

Q3.

What are the principles you follow while conducting method study and work measurement? What is its importance?

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q3

Principles of Method For answer refer Unit-III, Q20.

Principles of Work Measurement For answer refer Unit-III, Q19.

Importance of Work Measurement The following aspects enable us to understand the importance of work measurement.

1.

It provides basis for the development of best work content through which effective results can be obtained. Best work content can be established by comparing different methods of work measurements.

2.

It develops work schedules by making accurate analysis of human work.

3.

It sets performance standards for labour utilization by developing labour standards for work element, operation or product.

4.

It also helps in estimating the labour cost.

5.

It enables the firm to have control over the work of labours by comparing the actual time taken by the worker with the standard time allotted to him/her.

6.

Provides information for the assessment of tenders, fixation of selling price and also for the estimation of delivery schedules.

Q4. (a) What are the factors that determine the choice of channels of distribution?

Answer : Nov.-12, Set-4, Q4(a) For answer refer Unit-IV, Q40, Topic: Choice of Channels of Distribution.

1.

It helps in simplifying the work.

2.

It helps in improving the layouts of workplace so that efficient and quality products can be produced at cheaper rates.

3.

Reduces manufacturing cost which ultimately increases the productivity of the firm.

Why do manufacturers favour intermediaries?

Answer : Nov.-12, Set-4, Q4(b) The involvement of intermediaries in the process of marketing results in some advantages to the manufacturers.

Due to these advantages/benefits, manufacturers usually favour intermediaries. Some of the advantages/benefits of using intermediaries in marketing are as follows,

4.

It helps in optimum utilization of resources.

1.

5.

Provides job security and safety to workmen.

6.

Method study is an improved and cheaper working method which provides better working conditions for the employees.

7.

It helps in handling the materials effectively and reduces the handling cost of materials.

8.

It helps in reducing both the material consumption rates and waste generations.

Importance of Method Study

( JNTU-Anantapur )

(b)

Economics of Sale Incase of manufacturing unit which lacks adequate quantity of products to maintain its own distribution network, a decision to involve intermediaries in the distribution network would be a good decision. The manufacturing units producing limited products and having low production level would be able to enjoy economics of scale by employing intermediaries rather than setting up independent distribution network.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.20 2.

Divides Big Consignments into Small Manageable Units Sometimes, the intermediaries usually takes up big consignments and then divides them into small manageable units for easy distribution in the future.

3.

Additional Investment in Production The manufacturing units which has surplus funds to invest in the distribution network might not be interested in setting up an independent distribution network. They usually prefer investing their additional funds in those production activities in which they have expertise and can generate additional profits.

4.

Availability of Heterogenous Products A customer cannot buy small quantity of various products which are produced by different manufacturers. If the intermediaries are involved in marketing then intermediaries can go for the consignment of variety of products from different manufacturers and can make them available to the customers according to the customers taste.

5.

Brings Down the Total Investment Establishing a separate distribution channel requires greater investment because large number of retail shops need to be started up at different locations. Involvement of intermediaries in the distribution process would helps in reducing the total investment amount of the manufacturers.

6.

Knowledge and Experience Marketing intermediaries holds good knowledge and experience in carrying out the marketing operations/activities.

They have direct contact with customers and can access the market related data. The manufacturers may fail in collecting market related information due to lack of capital or greater focus on the production activities. Majority of the manufacturers basically aims at employing intermediaries in the distribution of their products and services in order to focus upon the manufacturing activities.

Quite a few times, employing intermediaries in the distribution process may prove to be disadvantageous to the manufacturer. If intermediaries are involved in the distribution process then the manufacturer may find it difficult to maintain direct contact with the customers. Besides this, manufacturers also control over marketing methods and are enforced to share profits with the intermediaries.

Q5.

Differentiate between recruitment and selection. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of internal and external sources of recruitment.

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q5

Answer : Differentiates between Recruitment and Selection Recruitment

Selection

1.

In recruitment, the procurement process starts with recruiting people from various sources.

1.

In selection, the procurement process ends when the required number of candidates are selected for the job.

2.

Recruitment is regarded as a positive task as it aims at assembling many potential applicants for the jobs in an organization.

2.

Selection is regarded as a negative task as it tries to reject the applicants at various stages for assembling small number of the required candidates.

3.

Recruitment is an easy process as the recruiter does not need any specialized knowledge and skills for creating an applicant pool.

3.

Selection is a complicated process as the selector needs to have expertized knowledge and skills for selecting the best candidate.

4.

Basically, recruitment is a searching function as it deals with searching of potential applicants for jobs offered.

4.

Basically, selection is a screening function as it deals with screening of the candidates based on their suitability of the job offered.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

S.21

Management Science (November-2012, Set-4) JNTU-Anantapur Internal Sources of Recruitment For answer refer Unit-V, Q22, Topic: Internal Sources.

Advantages of Internal Sources of Recruitment The following are the advantages of internal sources of recruitment, 1.

Incase of using internal sources of recruitment method, usually the internal employees are chosen/ preferred for filling up the vacancies. For employer, evaluating internal employees would be more easy when compared to evaluating outsiders.

2.

Internal employees are more trustworthy than the external candidates.

3.

As internal employees are preferred over outside candidates for vacancies, the morale of employees improves.

4.

Internal sources of recruitment has proved to be more economical than the external sources of recruitment.

5.

Internal sources of recruitment method gives job security to employees and also provides opportunities for further improvement.

6.

Internal recruitment acts as a source of motivation to employees.

7.

Internal sources of recruitment also fulfills the expectations of the trade unions.

Disadvantages of Internal Sources of Recruitment The following are the disadvantages of internal sources of recruitment, 1.

Quite a few times, recruiting the candidate from internal sources becomes a difficult task due to lack of eligible candidates within the organisation.

2.

Internal sources of recruitment method usually discourages outsiders. It stops the freshers or new talents from entering into an organisation.

3.

Incase of internal sources of recruitment, people are promoted on the basis of seniority. The employees who are highly talented might not be selected for promotion.

External Sources of Recruitment For answer refer Unit-V, Q22, Topic: External Sources.

Advantages of External Sources of Recruitment The following are the advantages of external sources of recruitment, 1.

Well trained, well-qualified and skilled candidates who are suitable for the vacancy can be selected through external sources.

2.

As candidates are recruited from a large market, best talent can be selected for the vacant position.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

3.

Freshers with innovative ideas and latest knowledge and skills can be recruited by the organisation through external sources of recruitment.

4.

People having work experience in other organisations can be invited into the organisation easily through external sources.

5.

Recruitment of candidates can be done without any bias.

6.

External recruitment gives long-term benefit to the organisation. The talented people who are selected today proves to be profitable tomorrow.

Disadvantages of External Sources of Recruitment The following are the disadvantages of external sources of recruitment, 1.

Recruiting candidates through external sources involves huge investment in advertisements, consultancies etc. In simple words, external sources of recruitment is a costly affair.

2.

External sources of recruitment is a time consuming process.

Q6.

Explain any two methods to evaluate the progress of a project. What are the critical parameters that are used for evaluation?

Give example.

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q6

Answer : Methods to Evaluate Project

The two methods which can be used to evaluate the progress of a project are,

1.

1.

PERT

2.

CPM.

Programme Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) For answer refer Unit-VI, Q5, Topic: PERT.

2.

Critical Path Method (CPM) For answer refer Unit-VI, Q5, Topic: CPM.

Parameters Used for Project Evaluation For answer refer Unit-VI, Q9.

Example For answer refer Unit-VI, Q33.

Q7.

Explain the strategies to improve sales performance of a strategic business unit.

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q7

Answer : For answer refer Unit-VII, Q26.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

S.22 Q8.

(a)

Explain the various terms associated with MRP.

Answer :

Nov.-12, Set-4, Q8(a)

The following are the terms associated with Materials Requirement Planning (MRP), 1,

Net Requirements It is the actual amount required, during each time period. It is needed for meeting the demand and for giving the sequential output in each time period.

Net requirements = Gross requirements – Inventory on hand.

2.

Scheduled Receipts Scheduled receipts are the open orders, which are placed or scheduled to receive from the suppliers or vendors in a sequential form.

3.

Gross Requirements This total quantity required during the specified time period, to meet the estimated or expected demand without considering the amount on hand is referred as ‘gross requirements’.

4.

Planned Order Receipts Planned Order Receipts deals with the quantity of an item which is being planned already for meeting the demand, during the specified time period at its beginning. Under lot-for-lot ordering, this quantity is equal to net requirements, whereas under lot-size it is more than net requirements.

5.

Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) MRP is a technique, generally used for determining the timing and quantity of inputs, that have to be processed from the suppliers, so as to satisfy the requirements of master schedule. It acts as a planning and scheduling system, which represents the time phased materials requirements for production operations.

6.

Planned Order Release Planned Order Releases denote a planned amount, which must be ordered in specified time period. It is equal to planned order receipts, followed by lead time. This amount calculates gross requirements at the next level in the assembly or production chain. Finally, once the order is accomplished, it is transferred to scheduled receipts and is deleted from planned order releases.

7.

Time Phasing Time phasing refers to sheduling to manufacture or receive adequate amount of materials. Time phasing is essential to make sure that sufficient amount of materials are in hand whenever needed.

8.

Time Bucket In MRP, time bucket refers to the time period which is utilized for undertaking planning activities.

9.

Lead Time Offset Lead time offset is the time gap between placing an order and receipt of materials. In other words, lead time offset may be referred to as supply time or number of time buckets between order release and order fulfillment.

10.

Requirements Explosion Requirements explosion refers to dividing the main items into small parts so that planning and scheduling can be done for each part separately.

11.

Lot Size The total number of items required for fulfilling an order refers to as lot size.

12.

Dependent Demand Quite a few times, the demand for one item depends upon the demand for another item. For example, car and petrol.

The extent to which the demand for one item is linked with the demand for another item is referred to as ‘Demand dependency’.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

S.23

Management Science (November-2012, Set-4) JNTU-Anantapur (b)

What are the inputs of MRP? Nov.-12, Set-4, Q8(b)

Answer :

The figure given below outlines the main components of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) system.

Master Production Schedule (MPS) file

Inventory status file

Material Requirement Planning (MRP) processing logic

Bill of Material (BOM) file

Order release requirements (orders to be released now)

Orders rescheduling (expedite, de-expedite or cancel open order)

Planned orders (Future)

Figure: Materials Requirement Planning System In the above figure, we can see that the Master Production Schedule File, Inventory Status File and Bill of Material File are the three major inputs of MRP. System and order release requirements, order rescheduling and planned orders release are the output of MRP system.

1.

Master Production Schedule (MPS) The Master Production Schedule (MPS), is one of the input to the MRP system. Before the MRP system starts functioning, the MPS is designed from customer orders or from demand forecasting. It is mainly designed to meet the market demand, so it determines the quantity of each end product and when it must be produced in future in the production planning horizon. The orders for replacing the service components for customers, are also taken as end products in the MPS. All the important and correct information is provided to the MRP system by the MPS. The MPS also control the actions of MRP system, with regard to the timing of procuring materials and producing subcomponents and for meeting the MPS output schedule.

2.

Bill of Materials (BOM) Bill of materials is also known as a product structure file. BOM provides information to the MRP program about the components, which are required for producing an end product. It determines the way in which each end item must be manufactured, outlines all the sub component items, their sequence of steps, their quantity required in each end unit and the work centres carrying out the build up sequence. Apart from listing all the required parts, the BOM is designed in such a way that it denotes the sequence of steps which are needed for manufacturing the end products.

There are different levels in BOM. The BOM obtains its information from product design documents, analyses of work flow, industrial engineering documentation and other standard manufacturing.

3.

Inventory Status File The MRP system, should maintain an upto date record, about the status of each and every product of inventory in the product structure. This file helps in providing a correct information about the availability of each and every product, which is controlled by MRP system. This in turn, helps in maintaining precise accounting records, of all inventory transactions, both actual as well as planned. The inventory file includes, the identification number allocated to each inventory, level of safety stock, the quantity allocated and procurement lead time of every item.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Management Science (May-2013, R9) JNTU-Anantapur Code No.: 9AHS701/R09 B.Tech IV Year I Semester Supplementary Examinations

May - 2013 MANAGEMENT SCIENCE

QP.1

R9

Solutions

( Common to ECE, E.Con.E and EIE )

Time: 3 Hours

Max. Marks: 70 Answer any FIVE Questions All Questions carry equal marks ---

1.

Bring out the contrast between Theory-X and Theory-Y. Do you find people of these traits around you? Illustrate.

(Unit-I, Topic No. 1.6) 2.

Explain the “line and staff organization” and give a broad structure of such an organization in a large scale modern industry. (Unit-II, Topic No. 2.4)

3.

Distinguish between plant layout and process layout. (Unit-III, Topic No. 3.2)

4.

What is meant by product life cycle? What are the markets strategies to be followed in each of those stages?

(Unit-IV, Topic No. 4.9) 5.

Define job evaluation. Discuss the reasons for growing interest in job evaluation in recent times. Also state the limitations of job evaluation. (Unit-V, Topic No. 5.4.12)

6.

(a)

What do you understand by the term project planning? (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.4)

(b)

Describe in detail the procedure of computing optimal project duration in CPM. (Unit-VI, Topic No. 6.4)

7.

What is ‘SWOT” analysis? How do you carry it for a technical educational institute? (Unit-VII, Topic No. 7.5)

8.

What is supply chain management? What are the objectives and strategies of SCM? (Unit-VIII, Topic No. 8.7)

( JNTU-Anantapur )

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

QP.2

SOLUTIONS TO MAY-2013, R9, QP Q1.

Bring out the contrast between Theory-X and Theory-Y. Do you find people of these traits around you? Illustrate.

Answer : May-13, (R9), Q1 For answer refer Unit-I, Q18.

Q2. Explain the “line and staff organization” and give a broad structure of such an organization in a large scale modern industry.

May-13, (R9), Q2 Answer : For answer refer Unit-II, Q17, Topic: Line and Staff Organization, Advantages, Disadvantages.

Q3.

Distinguish between plant layout and process layout.

Answer : May-13, (R9), Q3 For answer refer Nov.-12, Set-2, Q3.

Q4. What is meant by product life cycle? What are the markets strategies to be followed in each of those stages?

Answer : May-13, (R9), Q4 The stages through which individual products pass through during a particular period of time is called as “product life cycle”.

4.

Job evaluation provides a logical foundation for wage negotiations and collective bargaining.

5.

Job evaluation facilitates spotting of new jobs into the existing wage and salary structure.

6.

The information which is obtained through the process of job evaluation is of much use in improving the selection, transfer and promotion procedures on the basis of comparative job requirements.

7.

Performance mostly depends upon the machines rather than on the workers. In such cases, job evaluation provides a realistic basis for determination.

8.

There are large number of jobs with specializations within an organization. All these jobs are being rated with the help of job evaluation by determining the wages and salary and removing the confusion in them.

Limitations of Job Evaluation 1.

Job evaluation is influenced to a large extent by the human error and subjective knowledge, as there is no standard list of factors. For job evaluation, there exists few factors which cannot be measured correctly.

2.

The wages are different when they are fixed through job evaluation and market forces. The evaluation plan serves weaker groups better than the market as it lays much attention on equity and not on force.

3.

Since job evaluation methods lack the scientific basis, there often exists suspicions about the methods of job evaluation for producing the desired results.

4.

Job evaluation is a costly and time consuming process as it needs the specialized technical personnel to accomplish the process.

5.

Job evaluation is not suitable for establishing the relative worth of the managerial jobs which are skill oriented in nature and which cannot be measured in quantitative terms.

6.

As there are frequent changes in job content and work conditions, continuous evaluation of jobs is needed, but it is not so easy to conduct continuous evaluation of jobs as it is a complex process.

7.

Due to frequent and substantial changes in the wage and salary structures resulted by job evaluation a financial burden is being generated on an organization.

For remaining answer refer Unit-IV, Q39.

Q5.

Define job evaluation. Discuss the reasons for growing interest in job evaluation in recent times. Also state the limitations of job evaluation.

Answer : May-13, (R9), Q5 Definition of Job Evaluation For answer refer Unit-V, Q43.

Reasons for Growing Interest in Job Evaluation 1.

Job evaluation helps in developing an equitable and similar wages and salary structure on the basis of job’s relative worth in an organization.

2.

Job evaluation helps in declining the number of internal conflicts between the trade unions and the organization through abolishing the wage differentials and results in establishing and developing friendly and cordial relations among the trade unions and the organization.

3.

Through wage-rate uniformity, job evaluation simplifies the wage administration.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

( JNTU-Anantapur )

Management Science (May-2013, R9) JNTU-Anantapur Q6.

(a)

What do you understand by the term project planning?

Answer :

May-13, (R9), Q6(a)

The planning phase starts with dividing the total project into small projects. These smaller projects are further divided into activities and are analyzed by the department or section. The relationship of each activity with respect to other activities are defined and established, and the corresponding responsibilities and the authority are also stated. Thus, the possibility of overlooking any task necessary for the completion of the project is reduced substantially. (b)

Describe in detail the procedure of computing optimal project duration in CPM.

Answer :

May-13, (R9), Q6(b)

For answer refer Unit-VI, Q15, Topic: Procedure for Project Crashing.

Q7.

What is ‘SWOT� analysis? How do you carry it for a technical educational institute?

Answer :

May-13, (R9), Q7

Swot Analysis For answer refer Unit-VII, Q19, (Only First Five Paragraphs) and Topics: Opportunities (one line) and Threats (two lines).

Swot Analysis for a Technical Educational Institute For Technical educational institute, an analysis of internal and external environment of the organization are essential for formulating Technical educational and operations strategy. Analysis of the internal environment helps in knowing the organization strengths and weaknesses related to the existing organization . And on the other hand, analysis of the external environment helps in finding out the threats and opportunities of the organization. The outcomes of SWOT analysis are used as basis for strategy formulation and helps the management in taking decisions regarding operations strategy. The operations strategy helps the Technical educational institute in overcoming the weaknesses and enhancing its strengths and productivity level.

The SWOT analysis of the technical educational institute are discussed below, Strengths The Technical educational institute possess the following strengths,

( JNTU-Anantapur )

QP.3

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

Infrastructure facilities and availability of resources.

Teaching techniques.

Focus on quality.

Teaching staff.

Electronic learning/electronic library.

Introduction of innovative teaching modes.

An interaction between the industry and the institute.

Internet facilities, computing facilities and Networking facilities.

9.

Effective curriculum design, proper planning and review of policies at periodic intervals.

Weakneses The Technical educational institute has to overcome the following weaknesses, 1.

Management styles.

2.

Age and experience of the teaching staff.

3.

Outdated equipments, tools and laboratories.

4.

Poor work culture.

5.

Lack of effective team work and participation.

6.

Lack of proper coordination from development cell, TEQIP work and so on.

7.

Low satisfaction from teaching/learning.

8.

Lack of trust among the teaching staff and 9.

Competitive employment.

Opportunities The various opportunities which are available for Technical educational institute are, 1.

Distant education.

2.

Enhanced quality, higher motivation and free flow of communication.

3.

Changes in Government policies.

4.

New courses and new curriculum.

5.

Interaction between the industry and the institute.

6.

Support from community.

7.

Competencies and 8.

Demand for employment.

Threats The various threats with which the Technical educational institute has to compete are, 1.

Advanced features in the prevailing subjects.

2.

Weaknesses of the institution.

3.

Complications in designing the new course and curriculum.

4.

Problems in raising funds and problems in generating internal revenue.

5.

Burden of operational cost and Financial cost.

6.

Frequent changes taking place in the Government policies and so on.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Spectrum ALL-IN-ONE Journal for Engineering Students, 2013

QP.4 Q8.

What is supply chain management? What are the objectives and strategies of SCM? May-13, (R9), Q8

Answer :

Supply Chain Management and Its Objectives For answer refer Unit-VIII, Q15, Topics: Concept of SCM, Objectives of the Supply Chain.

Strategies of SCM The framework of supply chain strategy mainly includes the following strategies,

(a)

(a)

Collaborative strategy

(b)

Demand flow strategy

(c)

Customer service strategy

(d)

Technology integration strategy.

Collaborative Strategy

Organizations role in supply chain differ from one organization to other and it effects the capacity of an organization to grab the chances to collaborate with the partners in the industry. The collaborations among the business partners mostly benefits the manufacture in gaining competitive edge over competitors collaborator are basically of 3 types. (i)

Manufacturer-supplier Collaboration Forming/making collaborations between manufacturers and suppliers is beneficial to manufacturers with respect to product development, order fulfillment and effective planning of plant capacity and so on.

(ii)

Manufacturer-customer Collaboration Forming/making collaboration between manufacturer and customers would benefit the manufacturers in demand forecasting and in planning inventory requirements. It also helps them in gaining higher levels of customer satisfaction through identifying the customers changing needs and expectations.

(iii)

(b)

Demand Flow Strategy Traditional supply chain management basically emphasizes greatly on the movement of goods from suppliers to end users via the manufacturers and distributors. Similarly, demand flow is from end users to suppliers through distributors and manufacturers along the supply chain. But in a contemporary supply chain management demand flow strategy facilitates the organization in formulating an effective supply chain strategy by reducing the complexities in their operations. (c) Customer Service Strategy Designing a customer service strategy would help the firm in formulating effective supply chain strategy in order to gain higher levels of customer satisfaction. While crafting a customer service strategy firm should consider the following three aspects. (i) Customer Segmentation It is necessary for a firm to decide their target segment of customers for manufacturing a particular product or service. (ii) Cost to Serve Firm should assess the feasibility of the firm in producing the product for meeting the customers expectations. It also assess the costs for production and distribution of products to end users and the support provided by the suppliers and other parties involved in supply chain. (iii) Revenue Management Firm should ascertain the customers needs and expectations and select an appropriate alternative method which would helps in maximizing the firms profitability and minimizes the costs. (d) Technology Integration Strategy Recent developments and changes in information technology plays an important role in designing supply chain strategy. It can integrate all the information systems of a firm vertically and horizontally with the help of various tools and techniques. The information provided by the information systems helps the management in taking proper decisions with respect to the supply chain operations.

Demand flow strategy

Collaborations with Logistics Providers Collaboration of manufacturers with (3P) third party logistics providers facilitates helps the firms in planning the logistics activities combinedly and also adds value to the firm by providing better packaging facilities in order to attract the customers.

Collaboration of manufacturer with 4 PL providers would benefit both the outsourcing and insourcing of supply chain operations.

B.Tech. IV-Year I-Sem.

Collaboration strategy

Supply chain strategy

Demand flow strategy

Technology integration strategy

Figure: Structural Framework of Supply Chain Strategy

( JNTU-Anantapur )