Architecture Portfolio July 2017

P S L T

R C L E

I I A H

ARCHITECTURAL P O R T F O L I O s e l e c t e d c o u r s e w o r k 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 7

E D U C AT I O N

WORKSHOPS/COMPETITIONS/ EXHIBITIONS

Singapore University of Technology and Design Master of Architecture, Architecture and Sustainable Design September 2016 - September 2017

IRC Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology 2016 International Researchers Club Mentors: Oliver Heckmann Presenter, May 2016

Singapore University of Technology and Design Bachelor of Science, Architecture and Sustainable Design May 2013 - September 2016 Victoria Junior College Singapore-Cambridge GCE ‘A’ Level Certificate January 2011 - December 2012

PRISCILLA TEH T

Anglican High School Singapore-Cambridge GCE ‘O’ Level Certificate January 2007 - December 2010

4th SIP Planning Awards 2015 Singapore Institute of Planners Mentors: Oliver Heckmann Participation, September 2015

WORK EXPERIENCE

AWWA Voluntary Project 2015 Asian Women’s Welfare Association, Elderly Services Mentors: Jackson Tan June - August 2015

+65 8182 2718

E priscilla_teh@mymail.sutd.edu.sg

L english | mandarin

2nd Annual International Conference on UPPD 2015 Global Science and Technology Forum Mentors: Oliver Heckmann Presenter, October 2015

CPG Consultants, Singapore Architectural Intern May - August 2014 Projects: Jurong Lake Park Competition, Landscape Architecture, Singapore Toa Payoh Integrated Development, Competition, Singapore Springleaf Park, Park Furniture Design, Singapore Pasir Ris Food Centre, Commercial, Singapore Market and Food Centre Benchmarking, Singapore

SANDWICH, Kyoto Architectural Intern September - December 2016 Projects: Aircraft Factory, Commercial, J apan Food Centre in Tap-dong, Commercial, Korea Kohtei Publication Drawings, Japan Shinshoji Cafe, Conceptual Design, Commercial, Japan

RESEARCH EXPERIENCE Urban Form Field Studies Solo, Indonesia City Form Lab, Advisor: Martin Scoppa, Andres Sevtsuk Research Assistant, October – December 2013 The Future of Urban Expansion: A Network of Villages Baki, Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia SUTD-MIT International Design Centre Advisor: Oliver Heckmann Researcher, May 2015- January 2016

Urban Expansion Frameworks (Solo, Indonesia) MIT SIGUS, UNS, SUTD-MIT IDC, TU Berlin Participant, May - June 2015 Singapore Night Festival 2014 Stop and Smell the Flowers National Museum of Singapore, National Heritage Board Artist, February - August 2014 Design for Senior Activity Centres in Singapore Sutdio, Ministry of Health - Alexandra Health Groups System Mentors: Chong Keng Hua, To Kien, Judy Zheng Jia April 2014 ‘PubliCity’ – Enlivening our Public Spaces Design Competition 2014 Urban Redevelopment Authority Participation, January - February 2014 Design for Exhibit Structures Mentors: Andres Sevtsuk, Raul Kalvo January 2014 TECHNICAL EXPERIENCE Architectural Representation Rhinoceros 5, Grasshopper, AutoCAD,Revit Adobe CS6 (Illustrator, Photoshop, Indesign, Premiere Pro) Field Techniques ArcGIS, Fulcrum data collection software

VILLARCADIA

Core Studio // 2016

L o c a t io n : S in g a p o re S c i e n c e P a r k , K e n t R i d g e Villa rc a d ia e x p lo re s a n e w o ff ic e t y p o lo g y t h a t c re a t e s a m o d e r n p ro d u c t i v e a rc a d i a i n K e n t R id g e . L a n d s c a p e o f c o n t ro lle d e n cl o s u re s p o p u l a t e d a m o n g s e e m i n g l y e n d l e s s a n d u n a d u lt e ra t e d n a t u re . S in g a p o re S c ie n c e P a r k s 1 a n d 2 a re s t r u c t u re d i n a s p i n e a n d s p u r s y s t e m t h a t p rio rit is e s v e h ic u la r a c c e s s int o s e p a r a t e b u i l d i n g m a s s e s . A l t h o u g h s u r ro u n d e d b y n a t u re , wo rk s p a c e s re ma in d is c o n n e ct e d f ro m t h e n a t u r a l e n v i ro n m e n t . T h e p ro p o s a l i s a wo rk e n v iro n me n t wh e re t h e t o p o g ra p h y p ro j e c t s a p o t e n t i a l q u a l i t y o n t o t h e e n c l o s e d s p a c e a b o v e it , re s u lt in g in a p ro g ra m m a t i c d i s t r i b u t i o n u n i q u e t o t h e t e r r a i n .

Vi l l a rc a di a i s a projecte d infill o f the ridge ’s e n t i re l ength, comprisin g three bands o f n a t u ra l conditi ons a n d two in tervenin g i n d u s t rial spaces; in su c c e ssion: a l a n ds c aped law n, ro botics rese a rc h a n d m a n u f actur i ng lab o rato rie s, a manic u re d ga rd e n, creative in dustr y wo rkspa c e s , a n d f i nal l y the expanse o f u n re gula t e d f o re s t . Each ba nd of bu ildin g filte rs i n t o room s separate d from one a n o the r by o p e n cour tya rds. The collection o f bu i l d i n gs rem ain porous, to c re a te a k n o w l e dge exchange settin g in terwove n w i t h greener y. Th e re is pote n tia l for th e e v e n t u a l infilling o f whole plot of la n d, a m e ga s tr ucture that can keep gro win g a s n a t u re continues to gro w and ble e d in to it s i mu l t aneously.

This terrain-dependent typology suppor ts a c o n t e m por ar y and competitive knowledg e t ra n s f er environme n t as: Co mpa n ies c a n c h o o s e where to lo c a te alo n g an offic e l a n ds c ape, whi ch despite be ing on th e s a m e plane, can have different vie ws , s i z e s (n atur al topo gra phy) and a dja c e n c y c o n d i t ions rel ati v e to oth e r compani e s ( in c re mental) .

Ex c h a nges and shared spa c e s stretc h a l o n g b ands, keeping the flow o f pe o p le , i de a s and good s conve n iently with in pa ra l l el str ips r ather th a n ver tically acros s them.

T h e pl anar phys ical connection with a l i m i t e d num ber of sto re ys pro mote s t h e t ra n s f er of knowle dge and skills a s peop le t ra v e rse al ong the band with ease .

N

URBAN PLAN 1:1000

0

25

50

100 m

S e r i e s o f ro o m s R e d e f i n i n g t h e o ff i c e t y p o l o g y b y having d i s j o i n t e d p ro g r a m s t h a t f l e x i b l y i nhabit t h e e l e v a t e d o ff i c e l a n d s c a p e . P ro g r ams of p a r a l l e l ro o m s a re n o l o n g e r h o m o genous o ff i c e s a r r a y e d a l o n g t h e c o n t o u r s b ut are u n i q u e o ff i c e s w i t h d i ff e re n t s p a t i a l q u alities.

T h e s e a re s e p a r a t e d e v e n l y b y w i l d nature, m a i n t a i n i n g v i s u a l re l a t i o n w i t h l i mited p h y s i c a l c o n n e c t i o n , w h i c h i s l e s s i m por tant t h a n v i r t u a l c o n n e c t i o n s i n a c o m p etitive k n o w l e d g e t r a n s f e r e n v i ro n m e n t o f t oday’s modern tech world.

N

CLUSTER PLAN 1:200 N

CLUSTER PLAN 1:200

0

2

10

20 m

0

2

10

20 m

SECTIONAL AXONOMETRIC

T h e s y n t h e t i c o b j e c t c re a t e s a n a r t i f i c i a l l a n d s c a p e a b o v e t h e n a t u r a l o n e . T h i s u n d ulating l a n d s c a p e o f w o r k s p a c e s c o n t r a s t s t h e m o n o l i t h i c m a s s e s o f b u i l d i n g s i n S S P 1 and 2.

M o v i n g a c ro s s e a c h b a n d , t h e d e v e l o p m e n t b e c o m e s a j o u r n e y f o r t h e p e d e s t r i a n . Rather t h a n c o n c e n t r a t i n g g a t h e r i n g s p a c e s a l l a t g ro u n d p l a n e , e a c h s t r i p p e r p e n d i c u l a r to the b a n d s a re a m i x o f p ro g r a m s : Wo r k s p a c e s , p u b l i c g re e n s p a c e , c o m m e rc i a l a c t i v ity.

Wa l l s a n d C o l u m n s To f r a m e e a c h b u i l d i n g , g i v i n g i t a f ro n t “ f a c e ” . To a l l o w f o r “ w i l d e r n e s s ” t o c re e p i nto the b u i l d i n g b o u n d a r i e s . I t c o n v e y s p e r m a n e n c e o f t h e b a s i c s t r u c t u re v e r s u s t h e f l exible a n d i n c re m e n t a l n a t u re o f t h e p ro g r a m s t h a t e v e n t u a l l y i n h a b i t i t , a l l o w i n g f o r ro om for c h a n g e o v e r t i m e . T h e u n c h a n g i n g t o p o g r a p h y c o n t r a s t s t h e d y n a m i s m o f t h e p ro g rams t h a t c l i m b a b o v e i t . A r r a n g e m e n t o f l a r g e r w a l l s l a b s p ro v i d e s d i re c t i o n a l i t y, a l l o w i ng the c o m m u n i t y t o b e re a d i n s e r i e s o r p a r a l l e l . M a g n i t u d e o f t h e s t r u c t u re re l a t e s t o l evel of h u m a n i n t e r v e n t i o n a n d t h e d e g re e o f f o r m a l i t y o f t h e g ro u n d f l o o r s p a c e

STRUCTURAL AXONOMETRIC

C o u r t y a rd s T i e s i n w i t h t h e A rc a d i a n I d e a l , a n d a s e p a r a t o r. I t i s a b u ff e r z o n e t h a t re g u l a t e s t h e s p a c e w h i l e k e e p i n g v i s u a l c o n n e c t i v i t y, h e n c e i n a c c e s s i b l e d i re c t l y. P ro t e c t s a n d i s p ro t e c t e d f ro m t h e a d j a c e n t w o r k s p a c e s .

T h e s u r ro u n d i n g n a t u re t h a t b l e e d s i n t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t i s p e rc e p t i b l e a n d u b i q u i t o u s , b u t s e e m i n g l y j u s t o u t o f re a c h .

N ega tive Spa c e s H aving a se n se o f commu n it y c re a t e d b y the visual ope n n e ss of b e in g a b le t o lo o k i nto o ther people’s o ffic e s a n d k n o win g the c o mpa n ies around y o u . T h e p o ro u s underc ro ft be o mes a sp a c e o f re s p it e in contrast with the solid wo rk s p a c e s .

ROBOTIC (PU)LLING Core Studio // 2017

This 3-person team project presents research work on digital fabrication and architectural ro b o t i cs w i th the inte n t o f c re a tin g lightwe ig h t c o mp o s it e ma t e ria l a s s e mb lie s c o mp ri s e d o f pa ram etr ically differentiate d c o mpo n e n t s . O u r p ro c e s s d e p lo y s s in g le c o mp o ne n t po l y u rethane ( PU) foam e n c a psu late d b e t we e n f a b ric s h e e t s t o f o r m u n it s wh ic h c a n be s t re tched to spa n spa c e a t extrem e ly lo w d e n s it ie s . T h e p ro c e s s a n d p ro d u c t s a t t a i n e d are both e xplora tor y aimin g a t in v e s t ig a t in g d ig it a l f a b ric a t io n me t ho d s o u t s i d e the conve n tio n a l doma in o f a dd it iv e a n d s u b t ra c t iv e ma n u f a c t u rin g . We c o u l d t h u s c l assify our meth o d a s a dynamic h y b rid b e t we e n c a s t in g a n d f o r min g .

T h e popular i zati on o f indu stria l robo tic s wit h in t h e f ie ld o f a rc h it e c t u ra l d ig it a l d e s i g n a n d f a b r i cation en a ble d the e xplora tio n o f u n c o n v e n t io n a l ma t e ria liz a t io n p ro c e ss e s w h i c h often go beyond curre n t meth o ds o f c o n s t ru c t io n . T h e a b ilit y t o a ff e c t ma t e rial i t y w i t h u nprecedented pre c ision a n d e ffor t le s s it e ra t iv e e x p e rime n t a t io n n o t o n ly a llow s o n e t o broaden the re a lm o f de sign po ssib ilit ie s b u t g a in a d e e p e r in s ig h t in t o e v e r yd a y m a t e ri als w hich a re often a ppro a c h e d f o r t h e ir mu n d a n e u t ilit ie s . P o ly u re t ha n e re s i n , a m ater ial use d typically for th e r ma l in s u la t io n , wa t e r le a k a g e c o n t ro l a n d a s c o n s t ru cti on adhe sive h a s some unique p ro p e r t ie s t h a t c a n in s t ig a t e c re a t iv e a n d i n n o v a ti ve applicatio n s.

O u r s e t u p is c o mp ris e d o f a n in d u s t ria l ro b o t ic s y s t e m f o r wh ic h we d e s ig n e d a multipurpose end-effector. The ro b o t d is p e n s e s a p re s c rib e d a mo u n t o f re s in a n d a c t iv a t e s it wit h a s ma ll a mo u n t o f wat e r b y d e p re s s in g t h e d o s i n g p u mp s . A mo t o riz e d s t e e r i n g imp le me n t t h o ro u g h ly mi x e s t h e re s i n for a few seconds to e n sure ev e n d is t rib u t io n . A f e w min u t e s la t e r a n d b e fo re t h e PU begi ns foamin g, the robo t disp e rs e s t h e re s in o n a p la t e s u r f a c e . T h e en d e ff e c t or features a n o ther equ a lly sized p la t e c o v e re d wit h a p a t c h o f f a b ric . F o r t h e n e x t f e w m i nutes the robo t de presses a n d s t re t c h e s t h e f o a m re p e a t e d ly p ro d u c in g a n a rra y of fi ne fi l aments spa n n ing be twe e n t h e t wo p la t e s a s t h e re s u lt o f p ro g re s s i v e de l a m i nation of the fo a m fro m th e pla t e s . O n c e t h e f o a m is a b o u t t o s e t , t h e rob o t a s s u m e s its fi nal posture a llo win g the p la t e s t o be spaced apa r t a t spe c ific distan c e a n d o rie n t a t io n . T h e c o mp o n e n t is t h e n re mo v ed from the jig and th e pro c e ss re s t a r t s re s u lt in g in t o a s e q u e n c e o f s u r fa c e e l e m e nts that can be assemble d in to a t h re e d ime n s io n a l c o n s t ru c t wit h v a ria b l e t h i c k n ess.

Setup

Setup

Setup Dispenser

Pump Mechanism

Collar

To secure base plate

Base Plate

First interface for PU

Different dispensing and pouring positions Spring mechanism, return to original position after pouring

Locks

Hold dispensers in place

Base

Dispenser holder

Base

Indent to fit base to ensure accurate positioning Weight sufficient

Base Holder Clamp collar down

Sliding Tray with Funnel

Attachment to Robot

Magnets

Resist Sliding back due to Pushing force

T h e s e l f - a d h e s i v e p ro p e r t i e s o f P U i s e x p l o i t e d f o r u n i t i n g t h e e l e m e n t i n t o t h e whole.

T h e i n f u s i o n o f re s i n i n t o t h e f a b r i c re i n f o rc e s t h e s u r f a c e s i m i l a r t o e n g i n e e re d l a m inate w o v e n m a t c o m p o s i t e s . T h e p ro j e c t p re s e n t s t h e c h a l l e n g e s o f c o n t ro l l i n g a d y namic f o r m a t i o n p ro c e s s w i t h a p h a s e c h a n g e m a t e r i a l t h a t re q u i re s c a re f u l s t u d y a n d strict c h o re o g r a p h y.

A l a r g e r s c a l e d p ro t o t y p e w a s m a d e t o w i t h t h e f a b r i c a t i o n p ro c e s s . A d e s i g n c oncept w a s t o c re a t e a l i g h t w e i g h t f i l i g re e s t r u c t u re t h a t c a n c a p t u re g r a v i t y d e f y i n g q u alities.

To d e m o n s t r a t e t h e s t r a n d i n g p ro p e r t i e s o f t h e m a t e r i a l , h e i g h t w a s a v a r i a b l e t o s h o w a g r a d a t i o n o f v a r y i n g f i l a m e n t o u s e ff e c t s .

Ea rl y explor ati on of ma terial pro per ties a n d f i l a me n t gener ation u sin g dela min a tio n

P ro t o t y p e d e m o n s t r a t i n g t h e s p anning c a p a b i l i t i e s o f t h e p o l y u re t h a n e fabric c o m p o s i t e e l ement

Pro t o t ype dem onstra tin g sur fa c e te xtu re s w i t h mater ial s of d ifferent po ro sitie s on l a rge r scal e ar ti fa c t

Pro t o t ype dem onstra tin g the a sse mbly o f c o mposi te units into a larger sc a le artifact

G R E E N S K Y SCRAPER Building Information Modelling // 2015

To ima g in e a n ic o n o f c re a t iv e c o lla b o rat i o n i n S i n g a p o re ’s C B D t h a t b r i n g s t o g e t h e r b u s i n e s s e s o f v a rio u s s iz e s a n d e x p e r t is e in a n e n e r g e t i c e n v i ro n m e n t i d e a l f o r t h e i n c u b a t i o n o f id e a s . F o r t h e f irs t t ime in A s ia , s t a r t -up s , r i s i n g f i r m s a n d t h e l e a d i n g n a m e s i n b u s i n e s s a n d in n o v a t io n will s h a re t h e s a me wo rk sp a c e . F i r m s o f v a r i o u s s i z e s f i n d c o u n t l e s s o p p o rt u n it ie s a n d c o mp e t it iv e re la t io n s a s t h e y c o l l a b o r a t e a n d p a r t n e r i n t h e d y n a m i c w o r k i n g s p a c e s o f I n d ig ro w. G e n e ro u s me e t in g s p a c e s a m i d l u s h i n t e r i o r l a n d s c a p e s f o s t e r a n i d e a l e n v iro n me n t f o r c o lla b o ra t io n . L o c a t e d a t t h e c o re o f S i n g a p o re ’s C B D , I n d i g ro w o ff e r s t h e n a t io n a p e e k in t o it s in t e r n a l b u s t l e , a n d m a r k s a n i c o n o f v i b r a n t u r b a n i t y.

R E V E A L I N G I N N O VAT I O N : E n t i c e v i e w s a n d c re a t e o p p o r t u n i t i e s

SITE AFFORDANCES

REVEALING INNOVATION ENTICE VIEWS & CREATE OPPORTUNITIES

R a ff l e s G re e n i s a p r i m e p e d e s t r i a n view c o r r i d o r t h a t i s l i n e a r l y o r i e n t e d t o w a rd s the s i t e . T h e b u i l d i n g m a s s i n g s h o u l d re s pond t o t h i s d i re c t i o n a l i t y o f g ro u n d l e v e l views, o ff e r i n g o ff i c e w o r k e r s a p e e k i n t o t t h e inner w o r k i n g s o f t h e b u i l d i n g ’s s t a r t - u p s . T he flow o f w i n d a l o n g R a ff l e s G re e n a n d d i a gonally a c ro s s t h e s i t e p e r m i t s o ff i c e w o r k ers to c o m f o r t a b l y i n h a b i t o u t d o o r s p a c e s t hat are w e l l - v e n t i l a t e d . S u n s h i e l d i n g b y v e g etation a t t h e s e o u t d o o r s p a c e s f u r t h e r i n c reases t h e u s e a b i l i t y o f t h e s e s p a c e s a s i n for mal o u t d o o r c o l l a b o r a t i v e z o n e s . N o t i n g t h e close p ro x i m i t y o f s u r ro u n d i n g o ff i c e b u i l d ings, t h e b u i l d i n g m a s s i n g s h o u l d b e s l e n d er to p e r m i t v i e w s e v e n a t u p p e r f l o o r s . T h e office w o r k e r s i n t h e s u r ro u n d i n g b u i l d i n g s may a l s o p e e k a t t h e s i l h o u e t t e s o f a c t i v i t y within the building.

PLANNIN

S

IC TRANSPORTATION NETWORK

LAND

Y UNDERGROUND ACCESS

A DISTIN

UNDERGROUND ACCESS

The site lies above the Raffles Place MRT line and currently serves one of the station’s underground exits. Keeping this circulation path as a major pedestrian inflow route, the tower can bring in employees, shoppers and pedestrians througha unique underground experience.

Clarke Quay

Chinatown Raffles Place

Telok Ayer

Bayfront

Additionally, along the axis of Raffles Green, there is a dense concentration of pedestrian and cyclist paths. Taking a round-about route along Marina Boulevard, pedestrians and cyclists can cross the busy road to access the tower.

Ground level functions and mid-rise activities must be visible and enticing to pedestrians from across the roads.

LEGEND

Downtown

BUS STOP CYCLIST PATH MRT STATION

Tanjong Pagar

MRT TRACK

Marina Bay

PEDESTRIAN / CYCLIST PATH FOOTPATH 5MIN WALK (INNER RING)

10MIN WALK (OUTER RING)

50m 100m

200m

500m

1000m

NG

MARKS

NGUISHING URBAN COMPLEMENT Raffles City Shopping Centre

Fort Canning Park

Singapore International Convention & Exhibition Centre

Fort Canning Reservoir

Millenia Walk Citylink Mall Funan DigitaLife Mall

Liang Court

DISTINGUISHED FORM

P Pan Pacific

The Raffles Green strip is linearly directed towards the site, creating an important pedestrian view vista that dramatically culminates at our tower. The form and functions of our tower that face Raffles Green should be visually enticing and representative of the internal dynamism of the building.

Marina Square Padang

CTE The Float @ Marina Bay

Esplanade The Central

The Float @ Marina Bay

Sir Stamford Raffles Statue Dalhousie Obelisk

Singapore River

Merlion The Fullerton Hotel

People's Park Centre

ECP

Marina Bay Reservoir OCBC Centre Hong Lim Complex

People's Park Complex om m

Nankin Row Marsh & McLennan Centre

The Shoppes

Republic Plaza

Far East Square

Ocean Towers Marina Bay Sands

Chinatown Complex The Promontory @Marina Bay The Sail @ Marina Bay

Asia Square Tower 1 Asia Square Tower 2

Telok Ayer Park V on Shenton (U/C) U

Duxton Plain Park

Gardens by the Bay

Various heritage sites like Lau Pa Sat and some shophouse eateries are popular among tourists and locals alike from the afternoon through to the night, offering a flow of pedestrians in the vicinity.

Located at a corner of Marina Bay, the tower acts like a beacon that contributes to the Singapore skyline, attracting the sight of visitors from across the Bay and across the CBD.

LEGEND RETAIL COMMERCIAL HOSPITALITY

International Plaza Pl l

Tanjong Pagar Plaza

ATTRACTION 8 Shenton Way W

MUSEUM

Icon Village

CONSERVATION SITE PARKS AND GREEN SPACES MCE 50m 100m

200m

500m

1000m

RAFFLES GREEN

3 PROGRAMS Small, Medium & Large enterprises

DISTINCT ENTITIES Traditionally accomodated within private and segregated environments

MERGE & ORIENTATE To showcase the bustle of startups to pedestrianised view corridor

SLICE Chamfer tops to promote stacked ventilation & solar power harvesting

OVERALL Revealing startups in the CBD

RETAIL B1-L3 Underground access

SMALL OFFICES L4-33

MEDIUM OFFICES L4-48

Legend

LARGE FIRMS L4-52

OVERALL OFFICE PROGRAMS

TYPICAL PLAN

TYPICAL PLAN

F4-48

F5A

TYPICAL PLAN

TYPICAL PLAN

F49-57

F58-67

Core

Open Plan

B - Open Plan

C - Open Plan

Executive

Main Circulation

Meeting Space

GREEN POCKET Every 3 floors

Pantry

Toilet

BUILDING ENVELOPE

FA C A D E T Y P O L O G I E S POCKETS OF VISTAS 300m

POCKETS

The gently rise dram alternately the interior es. A variat the more t shorter wa more opaq wavelength of this alte applied to e very sligh noticeable between blocks.

250m

150m

3 rules gu tions: 1 Fins are around the 2 Non-stru always at t 3 Long w always at large build

Facing Marina Bay

Each panel of a fin rises over one floor.

Each fin’s inflexion point meets a structural mullion at a floorslab.

Every fin is bound between two non-structural mullions.

Supporting structural elements are partially hidden by the fins.

T h e building reve a ls th e dy n am i c acti vity of its i n t e r ior throug h c a rvi n g out ‘windows’ on its f a c ade. At night, the bu i l d ing i s a beacon t h a t illum i nates th e CB D o rgani cal l y T h e gently curving fins t h a t r i se dr am atically u pw a rd al ter nately re veal a n d conceal th e inte rio r s p a ces of the offices. A v a ri a tion exists between t h e m ore tr a n slu scent f i n s of shor ter wave l e n gth, and the more o p a que fins of lo n ger w a v el ength.

Different pa t t e r ns of this a lte r n a ti n g schem e are applied t o each block, c re a tin g v e r y slight but instantly n o t i ceabl e distin c tio n s be t ween directly adjac e n t blocks.

Facing Raffles Green

Facing Hong Leong Building

Facing Deutsche Bank

T h e alter nation abe twe e n th e lo n g w a v e l e ngth and sh o r t wave length fi n s c re a t e s pockets of vie w vistas a s th e fi n s c o n v e rge and di verge.

CAMPUS S U T D x

Core Studio // 2015

L o c a t i o n : S M U G re e n B rie f : S a t e l l i t e C a m p u s The concept for the SUTD satellite c a mp u s h o us e d i n o n e b u i l d i n g i n S in g a p o re ’s c i t y c e n t e r i s t h e i d e a o f d e s ig n b e i n g c l o s e l y re l a t e d t o a ll. B y d im i n i s h i n g t h e p h y s i c a l b a rrie rs t h ro u g h t r a n s p a re n c y a n d a n o p en g ro u n d p l a n e , t h e a rc h it e c t u re a i m s t o e n c o u r a g e an in t ima cy and closeness t h a t t h e p ub l i c c a n re l a t e t o b y b e in g in n e a r p ro x i m i t y t o t h e d e s ig n p ro c e s s e s h a p p e n i n g i n c la s s ro o ms a n d e x h i b i t i o n a re a s .

T h e b u ild in g i s s u s p e n d e d f ro m a t h ic k g rids h e l l ro o f a n d c e n t r a l c irc u la t io n c o re . L e a v i n g a p o ro u s a n d lig h t n e s t o t h e g ro u n d p l a n e a n d t ra n sp a re n t l o w e r f l o o r s .

SUTD Allow for personal interaction, dialogue between public, students and staff

Breaking down the solid. Keeping the ground plane as open as possible while continuing the wide walkways for pedestrians coming from SMU and SOTA

10m

3.000

23.250

3.000

1.000

3.000

4.000

2.500

c

0.750

5m

3.000

1m

3.000

section CC’

c c’

N

SITE ANALYSIS

N 1:5000

10m

25m

50m

100m

CONCEPT

N 1:5000

Figure Ground

10m

25m

50m

100m

Green Spaces

Built Site

Park Green Open Spaces

DESIGNERS inspire PEOPLE

MASSING Density of built area towards North and North-East of site a lot higher than that towards the South

Green Spaces predominently towards South and South-West of site N 1:5000

10m

25m

50m

N 1:5000

100m

10m

25m

50m

100m

Vehicular Circulation Primary Tunnel Secondary Tertiary

Building Type Institution Commercial Museum Residential

Viewpoint

Places of Worship

Fort C anning

Initial extrusion of site boundaries To maximize built area

PRECEDENCE

Rd

Site connects the institution core Site flanked by 3 primary roads, heavy traffic around site

High density of commercial activity (non-seasonal)

N

N 1:5000

10m

25m

50m

1:5000

100m

Pedestrian Circulation Bus Stop Walkway General Public

10m

25m

50m

100m

MRT

To Little India MRT Station

Station Track

San Siro Stadium Structure Use of large truss system to suspend the rest of the building with main cores as s

Students Backlane

Dhoby Ghaut MRT Station

mai

Site is easily accessible as it is well connected to surrounding buildings and bus stops

Bras Basah MRT Station To Bugis MRT Station

Site is serviced by 2 MRT stations. It is flanked by Dhoby Ghaut (West) and Bras Basah (East) MRT stations hence easily accessible Roof truss to Lecture Theatre Ceiling

To Clarke Quay MRT Station

To City Hall MRT Station

SCHEME

Lecture Theatre Ceiling to Lecture Theatre Floor / Auditorium Ceiling

all buildings facing the major junction continuation of walkway respond to event awn

Highest Truss 2.5m tall

Changing Floor Plate Shape to hold Auditorium and Rooms. Steel members connect 4th and Steel members connect to

3rd Truss 0.75m tall, structure.

Supports hanging weight

2nd Truss 1m tall

Cylinder represents single core. Black arrows to pull back cantilevering weight represented by red lines (steel members)

Changing Floor Plate Shape to hold Auditorium and Rooms. Steel members connect 4th and

Circulation / Open

Large Volumes (Audi / LT)

Admin/Tech/Storage

Seminar Rooms / Lab / Workshop

Cafe + Shop

CULTURAL CENTRE Core Studio // 2014

Location: One North B rie f : Com m e rc i a l F a c i l i t y Using concavity as and expression o f d ra win g p e o p l e i n t o t h e s p a c e a n d c o n v e x i t y t o e x p re s s e x t ro v e rs io n , t h e d e s i g n a i m s t o wa rd s a n o r g a n i c c o n v e r g e n c e in t o t h e low e r f l o o r e x h i b i t i o n s p a c e a n d e x t e n d s t o w a rd s t h e s t re e t a s a d y n a m i c g e s t u re f o r d ra win g t h e p u b l i c i n , t a k i n g advantage of the topography of t h e s it e t o i n d u c e a n i n f l o w o f s t re e t lif e . Th e c o n v e x s p a c e s o n e a c h f lo o r i n v o k e s a s e n s e o f lo o k in g o u t w a rd s , a n d f l a t f a c e s of each curved mass frames the v ie w o f n a t ure , a rc h i t e c t u re , a n d p e d e s t ria n a c t i v i t y a ro u n d .

Fo r m D e r i v a t i o n

P rog r am

Above Street Level

Looking Out

Stacking to accomodate the various programmes, provide

/Lookout to open activity

types of spaces Framing

Drawing in

Draw in pedastrians/Lookout to open space

Framing

Reading Area 40sqm

Lecture Theatre (60 pax) 85sqm

Street Level

Co n t ro l o f G e o metr y

First and Second Floor

Toilets

Second and Third Floor

Third Floor ExtensionB

Final Form

uilding relation to street

Co n c e p t Visual Connection Interior / Exterior lookout towards trees from back of Lecture Theatre and cafe en-route to the toilet

Counter area 12sqm

Mixed Cafeteria and shop space (indoor) 55sqm

Foyer Space 20sqm

Toilets Below Street Level

looking further out from a higher level

Lookout to activities happening one the Looking into the cafe/shop (double volume space)

visual connection with cars on the adjacent road

Visual Connection with street life and Looking out towards outdoor activities

adjacent building

Design Exhibition Area 90sqm

Outdoor event lawn

Sheltered Outdoor Space

viewing

viewing

interaction between entrance and decks

sheltered open space

HOUSING DEVELOPMENT Architectural Energy Systems // 2015 F o r m F indi ng U si ng Sun A n a lysis (DIVA f o r R h in o )

U s ing t he init ia l w i n d a n d s o l a r a naly s is as a g u i d e , th e i n i ti a l fo r m of t he b ui l d i n g a l l o w s w i n d to b e f unnelle d i n to th e e s ta te w hile hav ing a s h a d e d a n d w ell v ent ilat ed c o u r ty a rd i n th e mid d le.

The areas w ere extruded to i ncrease the GFA for housi ng requi rements.

F o r m F indi ng U si ng Win d A n a lysis (De s ig n B u ild e r)

Each bl oc k was m ade m ore narrow i n o rder t o allow f or light t o penetrate t hrough each housing uni t. Podi um creat ed f or shops.

Vol umes along neighbour ing bui l di ngs were car ved out t o avoi d vi ews f rom t he housing unit i nto the back of ot her buildings.

Each block was bent t o cause a pressure diff erence, hence channelling wind t owards t he direct ion of t he kink.

A d ju s t in g b u ild ing o r i e n t a t i o n u s i n g S o l a r A n a l y s i s ( D I VA f o r R h i n o )

The height of t he east block was scaled up t o shade t he cour t yard m ore. The height of t he west er n block was scaled down t o allow f or a m ore shaded roof t op. Elem ent s t hat shade t his block are t he east block and t he neighbour ing t all t ower s.

L o c a t io n : S t u rd e e R o a d De s ig n G o a ls : T h e ma s s in g s h o u ld b e a b l e t o c h a n n e l w i n d i n t o t h e e s t a t e , w h i c h a l l o w s f o r a w e l l - v e n t i l a t e d a n d s h a d e d c o ur tyard wh ic h will s e rv e a s a c o mf o r t a b le p u b l i c s p a c e s f o r re s i d e n t s . H o u s i n g u n i t s s h o u l d b e w e l l v e n t i l a t e d t h ro u g h c ro s s - v e n t i l ation, wit h v ie ws t h a t a re n o t h in d e re d b y n ei g h b o u r i n g b u i l d i n g s . E a c h h o m e u n i t s h o u l d b e w e l l - l i t t h ro u g h o u t .

Two ma jo r f a c t o rs a re t a k e n in t o a c co u n t w h e n a r r a n g i n g t h e u n i t s a l o n g t h e b l o c k : W i n d a n d S u n . T h e l o n g i t u d i n a l n a ture of t h e b lo c k s s u g g e s t s a lin e a r a rra y o f u n i t s , b u t t h e e d g e b y w h i c h t h e u n i t s a re f l u s h e d a g a i n s t w i l l u l t i m a t e l y b e d e t e r m i ned by e n v iro n me n t a l f a c t o rs . T h ro u g h t h e e x a m i n a t i o n o f t h e o p p o s i n g s i d e s o f e a c h b l o c k , t h e o c c u p i e d a re a f o r t h e u n i t , b a l c o n y s pace a n d win d o w p o s it io n s will b e d e t e r min e d .

Ve n t i l ati on Str ategy

Unit Layout (Improve Cross Ventilation, Maximise Shading)

Sh a ding S t r a t e g y

C h a n n e l i n g w i n d : T h e s i t e re ceives m o s t l y l o w - v e l o c i t y p a r a l l e l w i n d , with h i g h e r v e l o c i t i e s a n d t u r b u l e n c e at its n o r t h w e s t e r n t i p . T h e m a s s i n g should c h a n n e l w i n d t h ro u g h t h e s i t e and i n c re a s e i t s v e l o c i t y t o c re a t e c o m f or table p u b l i c s p a c e s a n d w e l l - v e n t i l a t e d private h o m e s . Wa l l s w e re p o s i t i o n e d t o direct w i n d i n t o t h e s i t e f ro m t h e N N E a n d SSW d i re c t i o n s . W i t h t h e s u b s e q u e n t removal o f c o n t r a d i c t i n g w a l l s , t h e g e n e r a l shape of the buildings was determined.

OFFICE T E T R I S

P e r f o r m a t i v e D e s i g n / / 2 0 1 6

BEST PERFORMANCE

Clustering of the breakrooms in 4s would lead to slower heat transfer from the offices, which are larger thermal zones with higher energy usage and occupancy.

Type L peripheral circulation would shield the interior spaces from the west sun thus requiring less energy to cool the office spaces on the west-side.

With more faces adjacent to thermal zones with higher energy consumption, smaller thermal zones require more energy to condition compared to clustered thermal zones.

We created different iterations through the variation of circulation types as well as break room arrangements. As such, 9 resultant iterations are created.

Note: The office spaces are split into thermal zones every 2 rows External windows and internal windows between internal spaces are also generated General %program 60% Offices 19% Circulation 16% Breakrooms 05% Reception

G R I D R O O F M a t e r i a l C o m p u t a t i o n / / 2 0 1 6 2 0 . 3 0 1 M a t e r i a l C o m p u t a t i o n - A d v a n c e d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r P r i s c i l l a Te h

Experimental study of a parametric grid roof design. The design objective was to use geometry to reduce maximum bending moment, deflection and stress of an otherwise regular grid roof. The approach was to incorporating circles to distribute force flow in order to reduce deflection and removing excess material from column-supported regions to decrease weight hence reduce deflection. The reduced with each ring of material removed but up to a certain limit. Furthermore, the exercise was Ostudy r i gshowed i n a l thatDdeflection esign meant to develop an understanding of force flow while designing, to explore an approach to design with structure in mind.

d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r

Removing excess material Removing excess material from column-supported Removing excess material from column-supported regions to Using decrease weight Circles to distribute from column-supported regions to force decrease weight and reduce deflection. flow in order to regions to decrease weight and reduce deflection. reduce deflection and reduce deflection.

Deflection reduces with Deflection reduces effective with each ring removed untill in Strategy Deflection reduces with each -ring reducing untill bending moment Ring 1 removed each ring removed untill S T R E-S1 S Ring Ring - 1

o n - A d v a n c e d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r 1 M a t e r i a l C o m p u t a t i o n - A d v a n c e d To p i c s i n G e o m e r t r y a n d M a t t e r l l a Te h

BENDING MOMENT

DEFLECTION

Removing excess material from column-supported regions to decrease weight and reduce deflection.

Deflection reduces with each ring removed untill Ring - 2

mi Circle X4

LF SEMICIRCLE

Original Structure Max Bending Moment = 528kNm Max Deflection = 48.623mm Max Stress = 72.59MPa Weight = 3500.9tonnes

-5 -5 -5

ORIGINAL GRID528.120kNm-0 Max Bending Moment Max Deflection 48.623mm Max Stress 72.597MPa Weight 3500.9tonnes

nding528.120kNm Moment

-4 -4 -4

FULL CIRCLE

523.470kNm 644.757kNm

644.757kNm 66.137mm 100.45MPa 4906.6tonnes

-5

-3 -3 -3

FULL CIRCLE SPLIT 574.299kNm

714.338kNm 574.299kNm

419.56mm 98.496MPa 6230.0tonnes

-4

HALF CIRCLE SPLIT 515.182kNm

-2 -2 -2

533.613kNm 515.182kNm

41.449mm 80.851MPa 4702.6tonnes

-3

-1 -1 -1

523.308kNm

477.354kNm 44.502mm 119.53MPa 8901.8tonnes

-2

523.515kNm

523.515kNm 39.02mm 88.513MPa 5767.1tonnes

SPIDERMAN WALL M a t e r i a l C o m p u t a t i o n / / 2 0 1 6

Desining a fun house centred around a climbing wall. Access to rooms and balconies would be non-conventional and fun. The central wall would provide partial structural support to the adjoining floor slabs.

However, the wall is envisiaged as a flat one and the climbing hand-holds and foot-holds only appear when the user applies a force to the wall, adding an element of surprise. This is achieved through the concept of buckling.

1F

1 Design Climbing Route according to reach-span

2 Topology optimisation (lighter - denser)

3 Removal of material to allow light to pass through

4 FEA to determine wall thicknesses

2-3F

4-5F

ROOF

SECTION front of wall

Element of Fun and Surprise; to create a flushed wall that can be climbed, holds are only revealed when you reach into the tile

SECTION behind wall

FUNCTIONAL ART Digital Design and Fabrication // 2015

L o c a t io n: S c h o o l E n t r a n c e B rie f : Ta k e O v e r S U T D B y p la c in g o u r i n s t a l l a t i o n r i g h t a t t h e e n t ra n c e o f t h e c a m p u s , we h o p e t o e s s e n t i a l l y, t a k e o v e r and occupy the campus while imp ro v in g t h e w o r k i n g c o n d i t i o n s o f t h e g u a rd s a s w e re s h a p e t h e e x p e rie n c e o f t h e p e o p l e e n t e r i n g t h e s c h o o l. We w o u l d a l s o l i k e t o a lt e r t h e u sa g e o f t h e o t h e r w i s e , a wk wa rd ly p l a c e d s t o o l s t h a t re n d e re d t he m r a re l y b e i n g u s e d .

(right to left) 0.27m 60.0 deg 0.39m 60.0 deg 0.39m 60.0 deg 0.50m 60.0 deg 0.50m 60.0 deg 0.50m 60.0 deg 0.50m 60.0 deg 0.39m 65.0 deg 0.15m 75.0 deg

r < 0.5

length rotational angle ground

(right to left) 0.39m 75.0 deg 0.50m 70.0 deg 0.50m 65.0 deg 0.39m 65.0 deg 0.39m 60.0 deg 0.27m 60.0 deg

r < 0.7 r < 0.8

Dimensions for backrest poles (gradual rotation achieved through graph mapper )

Regions defined by distance from centre of chair / pillar (attractor method)

Alternate poles rotated to (for backrest) and scaled to minimize usage of poles

furniture

transitionf

urniture

transitionf urniture

Alternate vertical poles kept as supports

Scale vertical elements according to functions required in each region

Additional row offset and scaled for larger table width and planter s

Bitmap translating to unrolled elevation

0.1m

0.2m

0.3m

0.4m

0.5m

(255,255,255)

0.6m

0.7m

0.8m

0.9m (0,0,0)

Mapping range of colour values to fixed lengths

Overall Layout (alternating poles of main spine rotated and scaled)

S O L O U R B A N EXPANSION Research Project // 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6

SU T D -M IT Inter natio n a l Design Ce n tre Adv i s or : Oliver Heckmann Tea m: Aurel i a Chan , Ee Hui Jie, Je zamin e C h u a , P r i scilla Teh

M o re people have be e n moving int o c i t i e s , and ci ties in De velo pin g Co u n trie s a re p roj ected to rapidly e xpa n d th e ir f o o t pri nt, posing a signific a n t plannin g c h a l l e nge. To accommoda te th e growin g po p u l ati on, citi es wo rldwide will burgeon , i n c o rpor ati ng vast areas of pe ripher a l l a n d. C or respondingly, in the Suko h a rjo re g i o n , m ore and mo re agric u ltu ral la n d i s b e i ng conver te d fo r commercia l an d i n d u s t rial uses.

A d e v e l opm ent frame work is cru c ial t o a n t i c i p ate this expa n sio n . The plannin g o f s t reets i s funda menta l, not only t o gu i d e infr astr ucture de velo pme n t su c h a s w a t e r, sew age and oth e r basic servic e s i n o f t e n overcrow d e d spa c e s, bu t a lso t o f a c i l i t ate the provision of e ffic ient mod e s o f pu b lic tr anspor ta tio n , while providing a s u ff i c i ent supply o f land and ma inta inin g i t s a ff ordabi l i ty for th e ma sse s.

O u r re search m ethodo logy comprise s a n o n -s i t e anal ysi s o f the subu rba n iza tio n pro c e s s in the Su koharjo region o f C e n t ra l Java, Indo n e sia by ide n tifyin g de v e l o pm ent patte r n s with in and a ro u n d v i l l a ge s dur ing a 10 -da y de sign wo rksho p w i t h I ndonesi an u n dergra duate s from U n i v e rsi tas Sebelas Mare t, stu dents fro m M a s s a c husetts Institute of Te c h n o log y, Si n g a pore U niversity of Te c h n o logy an d D e s i gn and Technische Universität B erlin i n t h e cam pus of Universitas Se bel a s M a re t in Sur akar ta City (Solo ).

U s i n g soci al, econo mic and environme n t a l i m p a c ts as pillar s to fra me o u r a n a lysis o f o b s e rvati ons, this re search strive s to fin d a n i n t egr ated fr ame work fo r su sta inab le u rba n expansion.

T h e p ro j e c t s i t e l i e s i n B a k i d i s t r i c t i n C e n t r a l J a v a , I n d o n e s i a , i n t h e s u b u r b s o f S o l o C i t y. I n t h e p a s t 2 0 y e a r s , p r i v a t e d e v e l o p m e n t s h a v e m u s h ro o m e d a l o n g s i de the c o n t i n u e d u r b a n s p r a w l o f B a k i ’s v i l l a g e s , c re a t i n g a d e n s e s t re t c h o f g a t e d communities interjected with self-organised neighbourhoods. While these strip d e v e l o p m e n t s g ro w s p o r a d i c a l l y a l o n g B a k i ’s m a i n ro a d s , v i l l a g e h o u s i n g h a s d e n s i f i e d a l o n g t h e b a n k s o f t h e b o u n d i n g B e n g a w a n S o l o r i v e r.

T h e s u b d i v i s i o n o f l a n d re s u l t s i n a n e l o n g a t e d p l o t s i z e d i re c t l y re f l e c t e d b y land u p t a k e p a t t e r n s b y d e v e l o p e r s . T h i s h a s l e d t o t h e l i n e a r i t y o f g a t e d c o m m u nities, l e a v i n g m i n i m a l h o r i z o n t a l a c c e s s a c ro s s t h e s t r i n g o f d e v e l o p m e n t s .

A n a l t e r n a t i v e f o r m o f d e n s i f i c a t i o n i s a l s o o b s e r v e d . W i t h c h a n g i n g n e e d s of the f a m i l y, v i l l a g e r s i n c re m e n t a l l y ‘ a t t a c h ’ n e c e s s a r y p a r t s e . g . t o i l e t s , k i t c h e n s a n d water w e l l s t o t h e m a i n s t r u c t u re o f t h e i r h o m e s .

D e n s i f icati on: Outwa rds | Ga ted Co mmu n it ie s

D e n s i f i c a t i o n : I n w a rd s | S u b d i v i s i o n w i t h i n v i l l a g e s

Key Players

T h i s s c h e m e f o c u s e s o n i n t e g r a t i n g a n d e x t e n d i n g e x isting q u a l i t i e s o f v i l l a g e s t o s u s t a i n a n d d i v e r s i f y f u t u re u r b a n e x p a nsion.

I t c a n t h e n b e a d a p t e d t o o t h e r a re a s u n d e r g o i n g similar g ro w t h p a t t e r n s n e a r S o l o . T h e p a p e r c l o s e s w i t h a p ro p o s al for e n c o u r a g i n g m a x i m a l g ro w t h w i t h o u t c o m p ro m i s i n g o n l i v ability f a c t o r s i m p o r t a n t t o t h e re g i o n : w a l k a b i l i t y, a c c e s s i b i l i t y and social cohesion.

T h e B a k i re g i o n c o u l d b e c o m e a n e c o - c u l t u r a l h u b b y t apping o n r i c h c u l t u re a n d l o c a l i n d u s t r i e s a s t h e re i s s p a c e f o r c ultural i n d u s t r i e s t o g ro w a n d c o n t r i b u t e t o t h e re g i o n â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s d e v e l o p ment.

B y d o i n g s o , u n i q u e v i l l a g e i d e n t i t i e s c o u l d b e d e v e loped, s t re n g t h e n e d a n d e m p o w e re d .

T h e p ro posed m a ste rplan o f th e region p re s e n t s a n in t e g ra t e d e x pa n si on fr am ework fo r th e B aki regio n , t h ro u g h s t e e rin g t h e ph y s i c al development o f streets to imp ro v e s t re e t c o n n e c t iv it y, pre s e rve and sup por t th e pe o ple â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s lifes t y le s , c u lt u ra l id e n t it ie s , l o c a l econom i c deve lopment a n d in ter- v illa g e s o c ia l in t e ra c t io n a s a g uide to susta inable growth in B a k i. I t is e s s e n t ia lly a ma c ro gri d l a yout extende d from th a t o f the c u rre n t Wa ru s t re e t n e t wo rk o u t i n t o the neighbo u rin g villa ges and d e v e lo p me n t s , p ro v id in g l i n k s b e tween and from village s to the c it y.

STOP AND SMELL THE FLOWERS

Singapore Night Festival // 2014

L o c a t i on:SM U Bri e f : Light Installation N i gh t F esti val 2014

for

Singa pore

St o p and Sm ell the Flo wers is a lig h t i n s t a l l ati on that a ims to remind t h e a u di e n ce of the impo r tance o f slowin g do w n t o appreci ate the simple joys in lif e .

D e l i b e r ately posi tio n e d alo n g a wa lkway, t h e i n s tal l ati on disru pts the h u rried pa c e o f pa sser sby. The pu blic must tr y t o de c i pher the secre t message s e mbe dde d i n t h e ar twor k, disguised a s flash in g l i gh t s . The installation is in spired b y po i n t i l l ism i n ar t, this time u sin g pixels o f l i gh t a s â&#x20AC;&#x153; paintâ&#x20AC;? . The conceptualisa tio n a n d pro j e c t m anageme n t is unde r take n by a t e a m o f fi ve SUTD B .A rch u n dergra tuate s , h e a d e d by m yself, unde r the guidanc o f Pro f e s s or Yeo Kan g Shua, Lee L a y T in a n d SN F team from th e Na tio n a l Mu seum o f S i n gapore.

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ARCHITECTURAL P O R T F O L I O s e l e c t e d c o u r s e w o r k 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 7