AIAD I&II - MORI IN 31 [Final Year Project] by Priscillia Tham

AI ADI& I I( ARC60808) FI NALYEARPROJECT

MORII N 31

by Pr i sci l l i aTham

I NTRODUCTI ON

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s ur bani zat i on cont i nues t o r api dl ypr ogr es si nKual aLumpur( Cox,2013) ,t he i ncr eas i ng popul at i on and f as t gr owi ng ur ban devel opmentha vemadehi ghr es i dent i albui l di ngsget t i ng mor epr eval enti nt heci t y .However ,ast hes epr ogr es s i onsi n s oci et yanddes i gnoccur ,t heques t i onof‘ whatdowedowi t h ol d and r undown bui l di ngs ’ar i s es .Thes e new bui l di ngs ar e s i gni f i cant l ydi f f er entf r om t het r adi t i onall owr i s ef l at sf r om i t s t al lf acadest oha vi ngbet t erf aci l i t i es ,whi chi soneoft her eas ons t hatl eadr es i dent sf r om ol dl owcos tf l at st omove .

Ol dl owcos tf l at sl acked t heemphas i son good l i vi ngcommunal envi r onment whi ch i s es s ent i al f or i t s occupant st o meet t hei r phys i ol ogi calandps ychol ogi calneeds .Bas edonKual aLumpurSt r uct ur e Pl an 2020,communi t yf aci l i t i eswer e hi ghl y emphas i zed i nt he i s s ues r el at ed t ol ow cos thous i ng s t at ed.Thi si sduet ol owcos thous i ng i n Mal a ys i adoesnotcor r es pond t ot he s at i s f act or yt or es i dent i alneeds , comf or t ,s oci al ,cul t ur aland r el i gi ous needs .Evi dent l y ,ol dl owcos t f l at st hathasnof unct i onalcommunals pacesf ors oci alact i vi t i eswoul d r es ul ti nr es i dent s nots pendi ng any t i me i nt he communi t y ar eas .

Fur t her mor e,a s t udy done i n 2012 r egar di ng ‘ Hous i ng Condi t i ons ’ s t at edt hatmos toft hel owcos tol df l at sha vei ns uf f i ci ents paceand communal ar eas l i ke mul t i pur pos e hal l and pl a ygr ound f or communi t yandr ecr eat i onact i vi t i esf ort her es i dent s( Zai nal ,Kaur , Ahmad,&;Khal i l i ,2012) .Cons equent l y ,t hi s woul dl ead t oa l i mi t at i on on one’ scr eat i vi t ywhi ch wi l lcaus et her es i dent st o f eelunmot i vat ed.I n addi t i on,t hes oci ali nt er act i on bet ween t he r es i dent s of l owcos tf l at si s ver yl ow,whi ch coul d pot ent i al l y gener at e negat i ve r es ul t ss uch as f eel i ng i ncompet ent ,l onel y ,and i ns ecur e,on t hes at i s f act i on l eveloft hecommuni t yasawhol e .

The l i mi t ed s pace i nl owcos tf l at s coul d pos s i bl ycaus ei t soccupant st oexper i encecabi nf ever whi ch i sdef i ned asa r ange of emot i onsors ympt oms peopl eencount erwhenconf i nedi nas pacef oranext ended per i odoft i me .Dur i ngt heMovementCont r olOr dert hi syear , as ur veydonebyt hi nkt ankTheCent r ehaspr ovent hatamong al lt her es pondent s ,r es i dent sl i vi ngi nl owcos thous i ngdi s pl a yi ng mor es ever es i gnsofdepr es s i on,anxi et yands t r es s ,al lofwhi char e ment alheal t hi s s ues .Over cr owded hous ehol d uni t sr epor t ed 28% mor es ever es i gnsof negat i ve emot i ons ,whi ch i s9% hi ghert han hous ehol dswi t hl owercr owdsat19% ( Azuddi n,2020) . The s t udy advi s ed t hat hous i ng pol i ci es t ake i nt o cons i der at i on ps ychol ogi cal wel l bei ng when des i gni ng and es t abl i s hi ng l i vi ng s paces ,par t i cul ar l y f orl ower i ncomegr oupwhol i vei nl owcos thous i ng.

By i mpl ement i ng a bi ophi l i c communals pace,al s o known as a gr eens pace,wi t hampl enat ur alda yl i ghti nt ot hebui l di ng,woul di mpr ove s oci al i nt er act i on among r es i dent s and cr eat eas t r ong s ens e of communi t y .St udi esha ves hownt hatha vi ngacces st ogr eens pacesand communi t y ar eas coul di mpacti nhabi t ant s ’emot i on,beha vi our and ps ychol ogi calheal t h( Kondoetal . ,2018) .Mor eover ,as t udyconduct ed i nUK f r om 2008r eveal st hatpopul at i onswhor egul ar l yha veacces st o gr een envi r onment s ha ve t he l owes tr at e of heal t h i mpar i t y as s oci at ed t ol ow i ncome . Li kewi s e,appl yi ng da yl i ghti nt ot he des i gnnotonl ypr ovi desef f i ci enti nt er nall i ght i ngbutal s ocr eat es apos i t i vei mpactont hei nhabi t ant s ’“bodycl ock”whi chwoul d es s ent i al l yi mpr ovet hei rover al lwel l bei ng.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND Li vi ngCondi t i onsaffecthumanwel l bei ng

Hous i ng i s cons i der ed as a bas i c human need,accor di ng t o Mas l ow’ sHi er ar chyofNeeds ,i tf al l sundert hes amecat egor yasf ood and wat er( Mani bot o,2020) .The wor d “at t achment ” was us ed t o des cr i behous i ng i n ar es ear ch ( Evanset al . ,2002) .I ti snotj us ta phys i cals t r uct ur et hatpr ovi dess hel t erbutpos s es sagr eati nf l uence ont heoccupant s ’s af et yandwel l bei ng( Baqut a yan,Raj iandAr i f f i n, 2015) .Res ear ch has s hown t hat chi l dr en who l i ves i n an over l y cr owdedhomear emor el i kel yt obes t r es s ed,anxi ousanddepr es s ed, ast heywoul dmos tpr obabl ygetaf f ect edbyt hemanymember si nt he home .Thi smi ghtl ead t o poor erphys i calheal t hyass t r es sr educes body i mmuni t y caus i ng pos s i bl y bad per f or mance i ns chool( The Heal t h Foundat i on,2020) .I n devel opi ng count r i es ,pr obl ems of hous i ngandhumanwel l bei ngar ebecomi ngpar t i cul ar l yr el evant ,and t hehomeenvi r onmenti sof i mmens ei mpor t ancet o human bei ngs ( Baqut a yan,Raj iandAr i f f i n,2015) .I nf act ,t her ear emuchmor et hat can bes ai d aboutt hes t at eofhous i ng,butt hes i gni f i cantpoi nti s aboutt heconnect i onbet weenl i vi ngcondi t i onsandhumanwel l bei ng ( Baqut a yan,Raj iandAr i f f i n,2015) .

Whyi scommunalspacei mport anti n l owcosthousi ng?

Communals pacei nl owcos thous i ngi sas emi publ i cpl acet hati sdes i gnedt obe r eadi l ya vai l abl et oi ndi vi dual s and gr oups wi t hi n a nei ghbour hood communi t y .

Gener al l y ,i ti sei t heran open s paceoragr een s pacet hatf aci l i t at esr ecr eat i onal act i vi t i esandpr ovi deapl acef ors oci ali nt er act i onandcommuni t yact i vi t i es .I ti sa commonar eat hatpl a ysamaj orr ol ei nencour agi ngs oci ali nt er act i onsamongt he r es i dent sand bui l d as t r ong s ens e of communi t y .A 2008 s t udy s t at ed t hatt he i mpor t ance of communal s pace cannot be over l ooked as i ti s one of t he cont r i but i ngf act or st oachi evi nghi ghr es i dent i als at i s f act i on( Sal l eh,2008) .

Communal s paces can do beyond t han j us tpr ovi di ngan ar eaf ordai l y act i vi t i es ,s uch s paces uni t e peopl e and encour ages s oci al i nt er act i on, whi ch i nr es ul tmakes t he bui l di ng us er f r i endl y( Ar ch20 2020) .Ast he peopl es t ar tt odevel opaconnect i on and cr eat e nei ghbour l i nes s ,t hes e s paceswoul d notbe s een asj us ta phys i cal s t r uct ur e but as a whol e f l our i s hi ngcommuni t y .Fur t her mor e, communal s paces i n r es i dent i al bui l di ng s er ves as a mai n hos tf or peopl et o s har e cas ual i deas and knowl edge .Thes paceal l owspeopl e f r om di ver s e backgr ounds t o meet andbondwi t heachot herwhi l et hey exchange i deas and s pr ead openmi ndednes s .Ha vi ng t hats ai d, peopl e ar e us ual l y not gi ven t he oppor t uni t yt o mi ngl ewi t h di f f er ent gr oupsot hert hant hei rownci r cl e .

Wi t h an acces s i bl ecommunals pace, i t coul d accommodat e s oci al act i vi t i esbet weenvar i ousi ndi genous gr oupsi ns oci et y ,whi chma ycr eat ea bet t er under s t andi ng and appr eci at i on f oreach ot her .I twas r epor t edt hatgr eencommunals paces pl a y a bi g par ti n eas i ng r aci al t ens i ons whi l e br i ngi ng di f f er ent gr oupst oget her ,f orexampl et opl a y out doors por t s ,and encour ageuni t y by pr ovi di ng an ar ea f or or gani s ed ands pont aneousencount er swi t ht he peopl e f r om t he communi t y and di f f er entet hni c gr oups ( CABE UK 2010) . Hi ghl y ef f i ci ent communal s pace i st he f undament al key f or cr eat i ng a vi br ant and l i vel y communi t y ,t hatcoul dhel p cul t i vat e connect i on and coher ence f or t he r es i dent s , al ong wi t h enhanci ng s oci ali s s ues t hatma y occurwi t hi n r es i dent i albui l di ngs( Chang,2015) .

RESEARCH I SSUE

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hei ns uf f i ci encyofcommunals pacesi nl owcos thous i ng i n Kual a Lumpuri ss t at ed t o be one of t he key i s s ues i n l owcos thous i ng.Asaf as t gr owi ng ci t y ,Kual aLumpurhas under gone a s i gni f i cant l os s of open s pace due t o hea vy manuf act ur i ngdevel opment( Kanni ahandHo,2017) .Fi ndi ngs f r om a2012s t udyr eveal edt hatal lr es pondent sha ver epor t ed di s s at i s f act i on i nt hei rl i vi ng condi t i on wi t h one of t he cont r i but i ngf act or sbei ngt hel ackofgr eencommunals paces f orr ecr eat i on and f ami l yact i vi t i es( Zai nal ,Kaur ,Ahmad,& Khal i l i ,2012) .Res ul t sf r om a2019anal ys i sha ves hown t hat t hel eas tf r agment ed gr een s pacer ecor ded i n Kual aLumpur ci t ycent erar eacons i s tonl y5km2whi chhaspr ovent hatt he i nef f ect i vepol i ci esatpr es entcaus edur bangr owt ht ocont i nue di s r egar dt hei mpor t anceofgr eencommunals paces( Kanni ah and Ho,2017) .Thel evelof r es i dent i als at i s f act i on t owar ds l owcos thous i ngs er vi cesandf aci l i t i esi scl os el yas s oci at edt o t hei rl i vi ngs t andar ds ,whi chma yaf f ectt hei rdef i ci encyneeds .

I t was r epor t ed t hat bas i cf aci l i t i es s uch as pl a ygr ound, mul t i pur pos e hal l ,and et cet er a ar e cr uci alt os uppor tt he ever yda yl i vi ng of t he r es i dent s ,aswel lasi mpr ovi ng t hei r qual i t yofl i f e( Yaha ya& Has hi m,2001) .Thet ypesofl owcos t hous i ng i n Mal a ys i a has notf ul f i l l ed t he needs f or f ami l y hous i ng, conveni ence, s oci al , cul t ur al and r el i gi ous needs ( Mohi t ,I br ahi m,&;Ras hi d,2010) .A 2018 s t udyf ound t hat r es i dent sof l owcos thous i ng s ai dt hei rhous i ng des i gn was notr es pons i vet ot hei ri ndi vi dualandi nt er per s onalneedsor conduci vet ot hem ( Wahi ,etal . ,2018) .

The s ucces s of r es i dent i al pr ogr ams depends not onl y on t he s uppl y of dwel l i nguni t s ,butal s oonot herf act or s i nf l uenci ngt heneedsoft heoccupant s l i vi ng i n l owcos t hous i ng. Lack of i nf or mat i onandr es ear chaboutt hekey f act orofr es i dent i als at i s f act i onma ybe t he mai n caus e t o t he f ai l ur e of numer oushous i ngpr oj ect s .Res i dent i al s at i s f act i on r epr es ent st he ext ent t o whi ch t he hous i ng needs of an i ndi vi duali sf ul f i l l ed.Thus ,i ts er vesas ar ef er ence f orpol i cy maker st ot r ack t he execut i on of hous i ng pol i ci es ( Sal l eh, 2008) . However , l owcos t hous i ng devel oper s of t en s t r i ve t o conf or m onl y wi t ht he bas i c qual i t y s peci f i cat i ons s et by t he appr opr i at e aut hor i t i es( Mohamedetal . ,2014) .The keyf act orl eadi ngt ot hi si st hef i nanci al r es t r i ct i on ar i s i ng f r om t he s al e pr i ce bel ow cos t .Ast he onl y hous e pr oj ect s ol dt or eadybuyer sbel ow cons t r uct i on cos t s ,t he qual i t y of any l owcos t hous i ng devel opment i st heor et i cal l y compr omi s ed ( Mohamed etal . ,2014) .

Accor di ng t o Pr of . Mohd Taj uddi n, oncepr i vat edevel oper swer egi ven t he r es pons i bi l i t y t o devel op l owcos t hous i ng wi t ht he s uppor t of DBKL ( Kual aLumpurCi t yHal l ) ,t heys t ar t ed bui l di ngaddi t i onalf l oor st han needed, t o cutexpens es and maxi mi ze pr of i t .

Manyl owcos thous i nguni t sha vebeen des i gned t o count er t he s hor t age of l and att he s ame t i me t o meetr i s i ng hous i ngneeds( Mohamed etal . ,2014) .

Cons equent l y , communal s paces ar e s acr i f i ced t o accommodat et he hi gh demandofl owcos thous i nguni t s .

Communals pacei sahi ghl yver s at i l e publ i cs pace t hats er ves as a mai n hos tf ors oci ali nt er act i on.I t smai n pur pos e i s t o pr omot e s oci al i nt er act i on f or i ndi vi dual s and gr oups ,aswel laspubl i ct o pr i vat e act i vi t i es . However ,t he r ol e of a m nal s commu pace i s not onl yf or gat her i ngs or s oci al act i vi t i es ,but t hr ough t he coor di nat i on and cent r al i zat i on of r es i dent s ’ s econdar y f aci l i t i es s uch as r ecr eat i onalact i vi t i es ,l ei s ur e,f ood f ul f i l ment , and even di s cus s i ons , s ubs equent l y ,t hey ma y car r y out t hei rs econdar y act i vi t i es i n one s pace( Has r i yant ietal . ,2018) .That bei ng s ai d, ha vi ng i ns uf f i ci ent communal s pace i n a r es i dent i al bui l di ngcoul dl eadt oadver s eef f ect s t hatma yaf f ectt hedai l yl i vesoft he r es i dent s .

Communals pacei sahi ghl yver s at i l epubl i cs pacet hats er ves asamai nhos tf ors oci ali nt er act i on.I t smai npur pos ei st opr omot e s oci ali nt er act i on f ori ndi vi dual sand gr oups ,aswel laspubl i ct o pr i vat eact i vi t i es .However ,t her ol eofacommunals pacei snotonl y f orgat her i ngsors oci alact i vi t i es ,butt hr ought hecoor di nat i onand cent r al i zat i onofr es i dent s ’s econdar yf aci l i t i ess uchasr ecr eat i onal act i vi t i es , l ei s ur e, f ood f ul f i l ment , and even di s cus s i ons , s ubs equent l y ,t heyma ycar r youtt hei rs econdar yact i vi t i esi n one s pace( Has r i yant ietal . ,2018) .Thatbei ngs ai d,ha vi ngi ns uf f i ci ent communals pace i n ar es i dent i albui l di ng coul dl ead t o adver s e ef f ect st hatma yaf f ectt hedai l yl i vesoft her es i dent s .

I n ar es i dent i albui l di ng,t hepr i mar ys pacef orr es i dent st o engagei ns oci algat her i ngsand dai l yconnect i onsi satt hepubl i c communals pace .However ,l owcos tr es i dent i albui l di ngs do not pr omot et he s oci alengagementor t he devel opmentof f un and ami abl e communi t y at mos pher e bet ween r es i dent s( Yuen,2005) .

St udi es conduct ed by ( Yuen,2005) and ( Gi f f or d,2007) on 12 communi t yl i f epr obl emsi nr es i dent i aldevel opmentment i onedl ack ofs oci ali nt er act i oni st hekeyf act or st opoors oci alr el at i ons hi ps , l ack s ens e of s ecur i t y ,r educed hel pf ul nes s ,and i mpeded chi l d gr owt h.I twass hown t hatmaj or i t yoft her es i dent si nr es i dent i al bui l di ngsdonotknow eachot herandt hatmanynear bynei ghbour s doesnotcr eat eapos i t i veat mos pher ef ort henei ghbour hood( Yuen, 2005) .Ol deri ndi vi dual swhoar eus ual l yr et i r edands pendsal otof t i me at home, wi t hout any f or m of i nvol vement wi t h t hei r nei ghbour s( Conwa y1977) .Ther ef or e,t hi shasl edt oal ackoft r us t , at t ent i venes sands har eds uppor tamongt her es i dent s .

I n addi t i on,t he l ack of communal s pace caus es s oci al i s ol at i on t hat ma y gr eat l y af f ect t he dai l y l i ves of t he r es i dent s . Res ear ch has s hown t hat l onel i nes s and s oci al i s ol at i on i s cl os el y r el at edt opoorment alandphys i calheal t h.

Negat i ve ef f ect s on heal t h caus ed by l onel i nes s ar es een at al lphas es of t he l i f ecycl e ( Ha wkl ey & Capi t ani o, 2015) .

However ,bot hi s ol at i on and heal t h ef f ect s ofl onel i nes sar eathi gherr i s kf orol derage gr oupsandel der l y( Si nger ,2020) .A r ecent l ocals t udyconduct eddur i ngt heMovement Cont r olOr der i n Mal a ys i at hi s year ,has r eveal ed t he i nf l uence on ment al heal t h f r om var i ous r es i dent i al t ypes . Hous i ng t ypes wi t h bet t er l i vi ng condi t i ons and f aci l i t i esha ves howns i gni f i cant l yl ow s i gns of ment al heal t h pr obl ems . Res pondent s who ar el i vi ng i nl owcos t hous i ng has r epor t edt oha vet hehi ghes tper cent ageof ext r emel ys ever e depr es s i on,anxi et y and s t r es s t hr oughout t he MCO per i od ( Azuddi n, 2020) . Thus ,t hi ss hows t hat l owcos thous i ng t hatha ve hi ghercr owds andi nacces s i bl ecommunals pacecr eat esan adver s eef f ectoni t sr es i dent s ’heal t h.

Whati sNat ur e?

SCOPEOFRESEARCH

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at ur ei sdef i nedbyt henever endi ngchangest hathappensal ong t i me,i nvar i ousf or mss uchas ;t opogr aphy ,l i vi ngs peci es ,andpl ant s( Fi l a etal . ,2017) .Humansper cei vebeaut ydi f f er ent l yandar econs t ant l yhungr y t os eek t hr ough advent ur esf orbeaut yha vi ngi n mi nd t hatnat ur ei st he epi t ome of beaut y ,“ Ats ome poi nti nl i f et he wor l d' s beaut y becomes enough.You don' tneed t o phot ogr aph,pai nt ,oreven r ememberi t .I ti s enough. ”( TonyMor r i s on) . Ther ef or e,t hei r ony ,evers i ncet heexi s t ence of human bei ngsha ve been cons t ant l yt aki ng t he r es our cesf r om Ear t h r es ul t i ngi nt hedi r ectorcol l at er aldamageoft henat ur ef orourowns el f i s h pur pos es ,“Tof or gethow t odi gt heear t handt ot endt hes oi li st of or get our s el ves "( Mahat maGhandi ) .

Ever ys i ngl ewantandneedsofahumanbei ngcomef r om t henat ur es uch asf oodandwat erbei ngt heneed,mat er i al swhet heri t ’ st hecl ot hest hatwe wearorevent arandconcr et er oadst hatwewal kon.Nat ur epr ovi dest he envi r onmentf orahumanbei ngt obei nas t at eoft r anqui l l i t yi npeacef r om t henever endi ngbus yci vi l i zat i on humansar ei n,abi l l i ondol l art our i s m i ndus t r ywher epeopl ewoul ds pendt hous andsofdol l ar ss ol el yt os a vour andenj oyt henat ur e,Bhut anacount r yf oranexampl e( Fi l aetal . ,2017) .I n t heend,ashumanspr ogr es si nt hi smoder nwor l d,t heyar emor econcer ned andat t ent i vet owar dst heus ageofr es our ces ,t heygat herf r om t henat ur e i nor dert oachi evet hemos tef f i ci entwa ysofbenef i t i ngf r om t henat ur e whi l epr es er vi ngt hem.

-Angi eWei l andCr os by

bi o• phi l • i a ( bahyohf i l eeuh)noun ani nnat eandgenet i cal l y det er mi nedl ovef ort he nat ur alwor l df el t uni ver s al ybyhumanki nd.

BENEFI TSOF BI OPHI LI CDESI GN

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ni ncr eas i ng numberof s t udi es ha ve det er mi ned t hat expos ur e t o nat ur al envi r onment sandvi s i t i nggr eens pacescan mi ni mi ze ps ychol ogi cals t r es s( Mant l er&; Logan,2015) .Duet ot henumer ousphys i cal di s eas ess uchascar di ovas cul ardi s eas eand obes i t y t hat ha ve been connect ed t o condi t i ons f r equent l yr el at ed t o chr oni c s t r es s ,t hi s poi nt al one i s of gr owi ng s i gni f i cance ( Mant l er &; Logan, 2015) .

When peopl e ent er bui l di ngs t hat ar e bi ophi l i cal l y des i gned, t hei r heal t h and wel l bei ngwi l li mpr ove .

Though bi ophi l i ar es ear ch i sr ecent , t he pos i t i ve benef i t s of i nt er act i on wi t h nat ur ei n our bui l tenvi r onmentar e now ver i f i edi nmul t i pl es t udi es( Qui l l i n,2017) .

Fori ns t ance,bei ng connect ed wi t h nat ur e f aci l i t at es heal i ng and r ecover y f r om di s eas e,pr i mar i l ybyl owerl evel sofs t r es s .

Ther e ar e numer ous r es ear ches t hatha ve r epeat edl y s hown t hat pat i ent s ha ve s i gni f i cant l ys hor t er r ecover y per i ods i n hos pi t alr ooms wi t h nat ur als cener y ,and s ubs t ant i al l yl es sneedf orpai nmedi cat i on, compar ed t o pat i ent s i n r ooms wi t h wi ndowsl ooki ngatmanmadeenvi r onment s s uchaswal l sorpar ki ngl ot s( Ul r i ch,1984) .

Mor eover ,i ndi vi dual sl i vi ng cl os et o open s pacesha ver ecor dedl es sheal t hands oci al i s s ues ( J enni ngs &; Bamkol e, 2019) .

Addi t i onal l y ,s t udi es r eveal ed t hat l ower s t r es sl evel s ,l es ss i ck da ys ,and gr eat er r et ent i on ar er ecor dedbypeopl eempl oyed i n of f i ceswi t h nat ur alvent i l at i on,l i ght i ng ands cener y .

“St udynat ure, l ovenat ure, st aycl oset o nat ure.I twi l l neverf ai lyou. ” -Fr ankLl yodWr i ght

Fur t her mor e, a l ocal anal ys i s of gr een s pacesi n Kual aLumpurhasexami ned t he heal t handover al lwel l bei ngofpar kus er s t hatar econnect edt our bangr eens paces .I t wasr epor t ed t hatt hepar ksof f er ed ampl e s pace f or r ecr eat i on and r el axat i on act i vi t i es f or 98% of t he r es pondent s , i ncl udi ngbr i s kwal ki ngandj oggi ng,aswel l asoppor t uni t i esf orchi l dr en t o engagei n phys i calexer ci s es .Meanwhi l e,mor et han 80% of par k us er si ndi cat ed t hat t hey exper i ence pos i t i ve ef f ect s on decr eas ed s t r es s l evel s , i mpr oved mi ndf ul nes s , enhanced phys i cal f i t nes s and over al l wel l bei ng when ha vi ng phys i cal and r ecr eat i onalact i vi t i esi npar ks .Near l yhal f of t he r es pondent s who s howed s i gns of heal t h and wel l bei ng i mpr ovement sf r om f r equentpar kvi s i t swer egl adl ycont r i but e t ot he mai nt enance of par ks by donat i ng and/or vol unt eer i ng ( Nat h, Zhe Han & Lechner ,2018) .

O

n t he cont r ar y , cr amped, over cr owded and poor l ydes i gned l i vi ng s pacesgener at esanegat i veef f ectont he occupant ’ s ment al and phys i cal wel l bei ng.I n hi sr es ear ch,Peval i n etal , ( 2008) ci t ed a var i et y of s t udi es t o i l l us t r at e t he r el at i ons hi p bet ween i nadequat e bui l di ng des i gn and ment al heal t hi s s ues ,s uch as hi gh l evel s of s t r es sand al cohol / dr ug i s s ues ,aswel l as depr es s i on, anxi et y and ot her ps ychol ogi caldi s t r es s( Peval i n,Ta yl or , &; Todd, 2008) .A s t udy conduct ed dur i ngt heMovementCont r olOr dert hi s year ,f ound t hat near l y hal f of i t s r es pondent s f r om a t ot al of 1084 Mal a ys i ans ha ve r ecor ded exper i enci ng negat i vement alwel l bei ng wi t h var yi ng Subur ban ar eas , s peci f i cal l y , ar e degr eesofi nt ens i t y .I n addi t i on,i twas f r equent l y i gnor ed i n t er ms of ment i oned i nt hes t udyt hatt heamount qual i t at i ve gr een s paces , due t o t he of cr owdi ng i nf l uences an i ndi vi dual ’ s pr i or i t i zat i on of ot her needs i nt hes e ment al heal t h. Cr owded hous ehol ds ar eas . Des pi t e ha vi ng a r ange of exper i enced mor e i nt ens e negat i ve i ni t i at i ves , pol i ci es and ot her f eel i ngs and s ever e s ympt oms of i mpl ement at i on pr ogr ammes f or t he depr es s i on, anxi et y and s t r es s s ucces s f uli nt egr at i on and devel opment ( Lohes war , 2020) . Ther ef or e, by of s ubur ban communi t i esal r eady exi s t , i mpl ement i ng t he conceptof bi ophi l i a however ,s ubur ban ar eascont i nuet o be i nt ol owcos thous i ng coul d pot ent i al l y i gnor ed,s uf f er i ngf r om i nadequat el i vi ng r educe t he phys i cal ,ment aland s oci al condi t i ons and di s t r es s .I r oni cal l y ,i n pr obl emst hatar ef acedbyt her es i dent s .s ubur ban ar eas ,t he addi t i on of gr een s pacesmi ghtdi r ect l ys uppor tt hes oci al , envi r onment and economi c chal l enges t hatar e par tof t he exi s t i ng nat ur e of t hes es paces( Ci l l i er s ,2015) .

Bi ophi l i candgr eencommunals pacespl a ysas i gni f i cantpar ti npr omot i ng s oci ali nt er act i onandbui l di ngas ens eofcommuni t yamongt her es i dent s i nl owcos thous i ng.An anal ys i sconduct ed i n Net her l andsr eveal ed t hat gr eener ys t r eet s capes i nt er pr et ed s oci alhar mony on a communi t ys cal e ( Vr i eset ,al2013) .Soci alcohes i oni sdes cr i bedasas t r ongs ens eofcommuni t yt hatemphas i zesont r us t ,mut ualbel i ef sandnor ms ,s uppor t i veand ami abl er el at i ons hi ps ,al ongwi t hf eel i ngsofbel ongi ngnes sandaccept ance ( Shai f ul ) .For r es t&;Kear ns ,( 2001)hass hownt hatt hes er el at i onsar et he bond t hatt ur nsacommuni t yof unr el at ed nei ghbour si nt o anei ghbour hood.Fur t her mor e,bi ophi l i ccommunals pacesi nf l uencesi ndi vi dual st o enhancet hei rphys i calact i vi t yandwel l bei ngal t oget her ,t husr educi ngt he r i s k of obes i t y ,car di o vas cul ari l l nes s es ,and ot herdi s eas est hatmi ght af f ectandi ndi vi dual ’ sheal t h.Al s o,i tcr eat esaheal t hywor kf or cet hatwi l l boos tt hei rqual i t y of l i f e and i mpr ove t hei rpr oduct i vi t y whi ch coul d pot ent i al l ygener at ehi gheri ncomecapaci t y .I nt er msofps ychol ogi caland ment alt heor y ,bymovi ngt oamor eopt i mi s t i cemot i onals t at e,i ndi vi dual s who engagewi t h nat ur eand gr eener i esma yhel pt o mi ni mi zet hei rhi gh l evel sofs t r es s( Ul r i chet ,al1991) .

THEORETI CAL

HYPOTHESI S I f bi ophi l i c des i gn i s us ed i n a communal s pacei nl owcos tf l at , i t ma y pr ovi de a s ol ut i on t o i mpr ove t he over al l wel l bei ng and bet t er l i vi ng condi t i ons wi t hi nt he J al anBer emis ubur ban communi t y .

RESEARCH QUESTI ONS

1 1

How canbi ophi l i cs pacesaf f ectaper s on’ s ment alandphys i calbeha vi ourt owar dsha vi nga bet t erl i f ei nl owcos thous i ng?

How canbi ophi l i cdes i gnbei nt egr at edi nt o l owcos thous i ngi ndoors pacest oi mpr ovet he dai l yl i vesoft her es i dent sandt hebui l di ng’ s ef f i ci ency?Thebes twa yt oachi eveapos i t i ve i mpactf ort her es i dent si st oappl ymul t i s ens or y appr oachwi t hbi ophi l i cdes i gn.Si mpl eexampl es oft hes ef ar r eachi ngmeas ur esar et heabi l i t yt o s mel lpl ant s ,s ens eai r f l ow,andl i s t eni ngt ot he s oundofwat er .

3 3

2 2

Whatcanbei mpl ement edi nt ot hi sbi ophi l i c communals pacei nor dert ocr eat epos i t i ve benef i t sandi mpactont ol owcos thous i ng’ s r es i dent s ’ment alandphys i calheal t h?

SI GNI FI CANCEOFRESEARCH The cent r al ai m of t hi sr es ear ch i st o hi ghl i ght t he s i gni f i cance of a gr een communal s pace f or t he J al an Ber emi s ubur bancommuni t yi nBuki tBi nt ang.Thi s r es ear chs uppor t st hei deaofi mpl ement i ng bi ophi l i cdes i gnel ement si nt ot hel owcos t hous i ngt oi mpr ovet hement alandphys i cal heal t h of t he communi t y , whi ch wi l l ul t i mat el y enhance t hei r qual i t y of l i f e .

Addi t i onal l y ,t hi ss t udyi nt endst opr omot e t heconceptof‘ s l ow l i vi ng’t ot hes ubur ban communi t yt hati snes t l edi nt hemos tl i vel y andbus yar eawi t hi nt heci t ycent er .

I ns hor t ,agr eencommunals pacei scr uci al t o t he s ubur ban communi t y’ s over al l wel l bei ngast her api dur bani zat i oni nKual a Lumpurci t y cent erhascaus ed a cons t ant decr eas ei n gr een s pace( Kanni ah and Ho, 2017) .Fur t her mor e,t he r es i dent si nt he s ubur ban communi t yar eal s o cont r i but i ng t ot hes oci et y ,t hus ,t hei rwel l bei ngcannot be negl ect ed i n or dert o cr eat e at hr i vi ng s oci et y .

t hi s s t udy has pot ent i all i mi t at i ons ,due t ot he i ns uf f i ci ent s t udi es on t he r el at i ons hi p bet ween bi ophi l i c or ur ban gr een s paceand wel l bei ng i n devel opi ng count r i es l i ke Mal a ys i a.The mai nf ocusi nt hi s r es ear chi st opr ovi deapot ent i al l y ef f ect i ve s ol ut i on t o i mpr ove over al lwel l bei ngandbet t erl i vi ng condi t i ons of r es i dent s i n l owcos t hous i ng t hr ough expos ur et o nat ur e .The pur pos e oft hi sr es ear chwast os peci f yt he des i gn s t andar ds f or good communal s pace and i mpl ement bi ophi l i cdes i gn i nt ot hephys i cal envi r onment sofl owcos thous i ng ar eat o enhancer es i dent s ’qual i t y of l i f e . For i ns t ance, whi l e occupant s devel op a connect i on wi t h one anot her by s har i ng exper i encesand knowl edgeatt he communal s pace pr ovi ded, t hey ar e al s oi mpr ovi ng t hei r ment al and phys i calheal t ht hr ough t hei r cont actwi t h nat ur e .I thas been s hown t hat bui l di ngs wi t h bi ophi l i c des i gn coul d hel p i n r educi ngs t r es s ,enhancecogni t i ve capaci t y , pr omot es heal i ng and pos i t i vel y boos t emot i on, mood and des i r e of t he occupant

LI MI TATI ON OF RESEARCH

However,

Never t hel es s , f ut ur e r es ear ch coul d,f orexampl e,t or evi ew t hes oci oeconomi ci s s ues and gap i n Mal a ys i a t hatcoul dnotbes ol vei nt hecur r ent s t at eduet ot hei ncr eas i ngl i vi ngcos t and i ncomedi s par i t yamongdi f f er entet hni c gr oups .The i nf l uence of et hni ci nequal i t y on wages ha veyett o bepr oven asf act , wher eas numer ous s t udi es ha ve s hown t hateducat i on i st hedet er mi ni ngf act ort o ani ndi vi dual ’ swage .Rat her t han t r yi ng t of i nd f aul ti n ot her as pect s , t he f ocus s houl d be on human capi t al i nves t ment wi l l be t he key t o over comi ng t he i ncome gap, becaus et he col l ect ed dat as how t hat educat i on and s ki l l s ar et he mos t i mpor t ant det er mi nant s of i ncome ( TEOH,2020) .

11. Ha wkl ey ,L.andCapi t ani o,J . ,2015.Per cei veds oci ali s ol at i on, evol ut i onar yf i t nes sandheal t hout comes :al i f es panappr oach.Phi l os ophi cal Tr ans act i onsoft heRoyalSoci et yB:Bi ol ogi calSci ences ,370( 1669) , p.

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1051/e3s conf /20140301005 18. Mohi t ,M.A. ,I br ahi m,M. ,& Ras hi d,Y.R.( 2010) .As s es s mentof r es i dent i als at i s f act i oni nnewl ydes i gnedpubl i cl owcos thous i ngi nKual a Lumpur ,Mal a ys i a.Habi t atI nt er nat i onal ,34( 1) ,1827. doi : 10.

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002 19. Nat h,T. ,ZheHan,S.andLechner ,A. ,2018.Ur bangr eens paceand wel l bei ngi nKual aLumpur ,Mal a ys i a.Ur banFor es t r y& Ur banGr eeni ng,36, pp.

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5539/j s d. v7n1p1 20. Ol anr ewaj u,A. ,Yeow,S. ,& Li m,L.( 2016) .Ret hi nki ngAf f or dabl e Hous i ngDel i ver y:AnAnal yt i calI ns i ght .MATEC WebofConf er ences ,47, 04002.DOI :10.

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002 23. Seppel t ,R. ,& Cummi ng,G.S.( 2016) .Humani t y’ sdi s t ancet onat ur e:Ti mef or envi r onment alaus t er i t y?Lands capeEcol ogy ,31( 8) ,16451651. doi : 10.

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085

P T A ER H C -two-

MORI I N31

MORI I N 31 i s an exper i ent i aland engagi ng communi t yr ecr eat i on hous et hat pr ovi des a pl at f or m f or t he r es i dent s , who ar e mai nl y mi gr antwor ker sandmi ddl eagedpeopl eof5565year sol d,t ogat herandgeti nvol vedi ns oci al i nt er act i on,aswel lasr ecuper at et hems el ves .

Thes pacesandact i vi t i esi nt hi sr ecr eat i onhous e f ocus es on s t i mul at i ng i t s occupant s ’s ens e t hr ough vi s ual s ,s ounds ,t ouch,s cent sand t as t e t o enhance t hei rexper i ence .Peopl e can cr eat e mor ef ul f i l l i ngandbet t erl i f eexper i enceswi t hi n envi r onment st hatopt i mi zesal lhumans ens es .

MORI I N 31 al s o actas a mai n hos tf or t he r es i dent swi t hi nJ al an Ber emif l att o bond wi t h one anot her and bui l d s t r ong s ens e of communi t y ,whi ch wi l levent ual l y cr eat e bet t er r el at i ons ,s t r engt hens s ecur i t y , and i ncr eas e hel pf ul nes samongt her es i dent s .

DEFI NI TI ON

Biophiliaisdefined asthe

l ove f or l i vi ng t hi ngs and nat ur et hats omei ndi vi dual s bel i evet hathumansar ebor n wi t h. Thes e concept s ar e us ed t hr ough bi ophi l i c des i gn as pr i nci pl es t o

es t abl i s h a humancent er ed appr oach whi ch enhances many of t he s paces t hat humans l i ve and wor k i n t oda y ,wi t h var i ous benef i t s f or t hei r over al l wel l bei ng ( Cambr i dge,2020) .

Bi ophi l i a, i fi texi st s, & Ibel i eve i texi st s, i st he i nnat el y emo i onal m t a i l i at i onof humanbei ngs t oot her l i vi ng organi sms.

-Edwar dO.Wi l s on

THEORIES RELATED TO BIOPHILIA

T

heconceptofbi ophi l i ai sbas edont hei deat hathumans ha veabi ol ogi calneed t oi nt er actand connectones el f wi t h nat ur e on phys i cal , ment al and s oci al degr ee . The bond bet weenhumanandnat ur ei sbel i eft oha vei nf l uenceoveran i ndi vi dual ’ s wel l bei ng,wor k ef f i ci ency ,and s oci alr el at i ons .

Res ear cher sha vemadenumer ousef f or t st oexpl ai nt het heor i esofbi ophi l i cdes i gni ndi f f er entas pect sofhumannat ur e r el at i onsandi t sl i nkwi t har chi t ect ur e .Thes ehypot hes esar e pr edi cat edont hebi ophi l i ct heor yt hathumanbei ngsar eas s oci at ed wi t h and dr a wn t o nat ur alel ement sand envi r onment s t hatf ur t hercont r i but et oani ndi vi dual ’ swel l bei ngasawhol e .

Thet heor i esr el at edt ot hi swr i t i ngha vebeenbr oadl ys epar at edi nt ot wocat egor i est hatar ei ns t r ument ali ni nf l uenci ngt he r el at i ons hi pbet weenhumansandnat ur e:ps ychoevol ut i onar y and r es t or at i ve t heor y and nat ur ebas ed and envi r onment al t heor y( Gaut am,2020) .

At t ent i onRest or at i onTheory( ART)

At t ent i onRes t or at i ont heor y( ART) ,s ugges t st hatt heexpos ur et onat ur ei snotonl ypl eas ant ,butal s obenef i ci alt oenhance humanbei ngs ’concent r at i onandt hei rabi l i t yt of ocus( Ohl yetal . , 2016) .TheARTt heor ywaspr es ent edandpopul ar i zedbyps ychol ogi s t s ,Dr .St ephen and RachelKapl an dur i ng t hel at e1980st o ear l y1990s ,at i mei nt er valdi s t i ngui s hed bypr ogr es s i vet echnol ogi caldevel opmentand cons t ant l yi ncr eas i ng i ndoorent er t ai n ment( Acker man,2020) .

Accor di ng t ot hehypot hes i s ,humansr eactt o nat ur epr oduced s t i mul ii nvol unt ar i l yt hr ough act i ons ,wi t ht he hel p of i nvol unt ar y at t ent i on.I nt he cas e of ademandi ng cl i mat e,t hi s decr eas est het ens i onandener gywas t eduet ocogni t i vepr oces s i ng,whi chdi ver gest heat t ent i onofani ndi vi dual( Gaut am,2020) .

Fori ns t ance,i ti ss ugges t edt hatt hehumanat t ent i onl evel scanbe r ecover edwi t ht hehel poft r ans i t i ont oadi f f er entf or m ofact i vi t yt hatus esanot herar eaoft hebr ai n.

Kapl an,( 1995)s t at edt hathumansma ys t i mul at et hes evar i ouspar t soft hebr ai nbyr eveal i ngt hems el vest odi r ectandi ndi r ectconnect i onst onat ur e .I ti scl earf r om cur r entl i t er at ur et hat nat ur e,es peci al l ynat ur alel ement s ,pr ovi desar ehabi l i t at i veef f ect onani ndi vi dual ,appar entf r om t hei ndi genousr ecor dsofnat ur e t hatha ve a r es t or at i ve ef f ect( Gaut am,2020) .I ti s cr uci alt o ens ur et hatan envi r onmentpos s es squal i t i est hati nf l uence i t s occupant st or el ax,r ej uvenat eandr es t or e .TheARTpr opos esf our keyel ement st hatpor t r a ysar es t or at i veenvi r onment :bei nga wa y , f as ci nat i on,ext entandcompat i bi l i t y .

Fi r s t l y ,“bei nga wa y”i ndi cat est hes ens eofbei ngi s ol at ed andapar tf r om one’ sdai l yt hought sandwor r i es( Acker man,2020) .

Dani el ,( 2004)s t at edt hatt obea wa yi st obement al l ydi s connect edf r om i mmedi at eneedsandconcer ns ,anddi ver tf r om t hes ur r oundi ngt hatt akesa wa yani ndi vi dual ’ sat t ent i onandener gy .Secondl y ,t he “f as ci nat i on” componenti ncl udes mai nt ai ni ng one’ s f ocus wi t houtexpendi ng any ef f or t .Ot her wi s es t at ed,wi t hout needi ngt oconcent r at eors t eeri tt heot herwa y ,r es t or at i veenvi r onment sr et ai none’ sat t ent i on.

Thet wot ypesoff as ci nat i on,ascl ai medby( Kapl an,1995) , ar e[ 1]Har df as ci nat i on:f ocus eson as peci f i cnat ur alas pector envi r onmentand l ea vesno pl acef ordi ver s i on.[ 2]Sof tf as ci nat i on:Whenal es sengagi ngorr el axi ngt as kr et ai nsone’ sat t ent i on, t hos eact i vi t i esnor mal l yof f ert hechancet or ef l ectandi nt r os pect ( Gaut am,2020) .Whi l es of tf as ci nat i on i nvol ves r ef l ect i on and f aci l i t at ess ens emaki ng,bot h modesoff as ci nat i on can r es ul ti n gr eat er r es t or at i on,wher eas had f as ci nat i on i s mor e pr one t o ent er t ai nandgener at eexci t ement( Dani el ,2004) .Kapl an,( 2001) r ef er s“ext ent ”t ot het r ai tofr es t or at i veenvi r onment st hatal l ows ani ndi vi dualt of eelf ul l yengul f edandengr os s ed,whi ches s ent i al l ymeanst hatt her ear enooddorunf or es eenchar act er i s t i csi nt he s et t i ng,maki ng one f eelr el axed and ateas e when i nt he s pace ( Acker man,2020) .Las t l y ,“compat i bi l i t y”f ocus esont hepl eas ant exper i encei n one’ ss ur r oundi ng.I n or dert o pos s es sr es t or at i ve qual i t i es ,t heat mos pher ei nas pacemus tbechos enbyani ndi vi dualt obeoutofi nher entmot i vat i onandper s onaldes i r e( Acker man,2020) .

St r es sReduct i onTheory( SRT)

St r es sReduct i onTheor y ,al s oknownasSRT,devel opedby RogerUl r i chi n1983expl ai nedhumanbei ngs ’emot i onalandphys i ol ogi calr eact i onst onat ur alenvi r onment s .I nhi sr es ear chont hi s t heor y ,s t r es si sdef i nedasaf or m ofgener at i onofhumans t i mul i i nr egar dst oci r cums t ances ,s ur r oundi ngchar act er i s t i csorcondi t i onst hatar edeemedasat hr eatt oi ndi vi dualwel l bei ng.Thi swi l l l ead t of ar t hernegat i ve f eel i ngs( Gaut am,2020) .SRT i ndi cat es l ands capet hatcons i s t sofgr eener y ,wat er ,modes tcompl exi t yand i nt r i cacywoul dha vebeen,f orcount l es sgener at i ons ,val uabl et o humans ur vi valass uchcont extof f er edas s et sandoppor t uni t yt o pr edi ctt hepr es enceofpr edat or s .Thes es et t i ngshel pt or egul at e andmi ni mi zeagi t at i onandnegat i vet hi nki ngandt her ef or e,al l evi at es t r es ss ympt oms ,bot hment al l yandphys i cal l y( Sul l i van,2014) .

TheSRT t heor ynot est hatgazi ngatl ands capescont ai ni ng nat ur alf eat ur es s uch as gr eener y or wat er pr oduces pos i t i ve t hought sand emot i onss uch ascur i os i t y ,enj oyment ,and r el axat i on,and hasar es t or at i veef f ect ,cal mi ngaper s on’ sal er ts t at e af t erat ens es i t uat i on ( SOKPAUPARDI N,2019) .Cons equent l y , t hi swi l leas i l yandnat ur al l yenhancet hei rr es pons e( Ul r i ch,1983) .

Theopt i mi s t i cemot i onals t at esevokedbynat ur als t i mul iar epar t oft heconceptexpl ai ni ngUl r i ch’ si nf l uent i alf i ndi ngst hathos pi t alpat i ent swi t hwi ndowst hats howedgr eenl ands capesi ns t eadof concr et ebui l di ngshad bet t err ecover y .I twasr epor t ed t hatt he expos ur et o nat ur alel ement sand s et t i ngscan mi ni mi zenegat i ve emot i ons ,enhancepai nmanagementandt hepat i ent s ’s at i s f act i on wi t ht het r eat ment( Ber t o,2014) .

SavannahHypot hesi s The“Cl i mat eSel ect i veTheor y”i shi ghl i ght edbyt heSa vannah ( orSa vanna)Hypot hes i s ,whi chwasdevel opedbyGor donOr i ons ,an ecol ogi s ti n1980.Thi st heor ys ugges tt hathumanbei ngsf a vor ss cener yf eat ur est oha vechar act er i s t i csf r om t heAf r i canSa vannah( Gaut am,2020) .

A number of pr edi ct i ons on how peopl e wi l lr eact t ot he moder nwor l dt oda yha vebeendevel opedbyt heSa vannahHypot hes i s .Peopl er eactt ot he char act er i s t i csof t he wi de l ands cape on a l ar ges cal e,s ucht hat ,wat ers i gnsanddi s per s edt r eeswi t hher baceous under s t or yveget at i onl i kegr as s ,f er ns ,andher bs( Or i ans ,2016) .As Or i onss t at edt hatbecaus eoft hel onghi s t or yofmanki ndexi s t ence i nt heSa vannahenvi r onmentandevol ut i onar yadj us t menthappeni ng i nt hes es ur r oundi ngs ,cr eat ed ps ychol ogi calr el at i onswi t hs i mi l ar l ands cape t o Sa vannah.Ther ef or e,an i ndi vi dualwoul di nher ent l y gr a vi t at et owar dsaSa vannahl i kes cener yt ot hemoder n ci t ys cape, whi ch woul d cont r i but et ot hei r wel l bei ng.Sa vannahl i ke habi t at s exhi bi t sl ar gevar i abi l i t yoff l ower s ;ani mall i f e;di s per s edcl us t er sof t r ees ,geol ogi calchanges ,di s per s ed bodi esof wat erand numer ous cor r i dor s wi t hl ongdi s t ance vi ew and a cl ear vi vi ds ky ( Gaut am, 2020) .

Pr ospectandRef ugeTheory

Pr os pectand r ef uget heor ywer ecr eat ed byJ a yAppl et on, who i san Engl i s h geogr apherand academi ci n 1975.I twass ugges t edi nhi snovel–“TheLands capeExper i ence”,t hatwhenanal yzi ngar oom ors pace,peopl es eekt of ul f i l lani nher entdes i r et o ha vet heoppor t uni t y( pr os pect )whi l ebei ngs af e( r ef uge)( Sughi t o, 2016) .I not herwor ds ,t hi st heor yi sbas edont hei deat hatpeopl e s ear chf oroppor t uni t i est o:i nt er pr etandobt ai nvi s ualknowl edge, di s coverenvi r onment s ,and f i nd pos s i bi l i t i es( pr os pect ) ,and t o s ear ch f or :s hel t er ,s af et y ,andpl aceswher eonecan es cape( r ef uge)( Sl ocombe,2019) .

Thenat ur eoft hi st heor ycanbeat t r i but edt ohumanf or ef at her sf orwhom r ef ugehasbeenacr uci alas pect ,asi tof f er ss hel t erf r om out s i de wor l d whi l e moni t or i ng t he s ur r oundi ng f r om conf i neds pace,whi chi sPr os pect( Gaut am,2020) .Theexampl es ofpr os pect si ncl udeal ongdi s t antvi ew t hr oughas t r et chedpat h, ar ai s edvi ew f r om hi ghergr oundsandgr eatnat ur alcr eat i onss uch asmount ai ns ,s ea,bodi esof wat erand t hes ky .I n cont r as t ,an i nt er i ors pace,bench agai ns tawal l ,ca vesand anyphys i calhi ndr ancef orhi di ngbehi ndar eexampl esofr ef uge( Sughi t o,2016) .

Fr act alTheory

Las tbutnotl eas t ,t heFr act alTheor yi smot i vat edbyt hei deat hat f r act algeomet r i est hatar ef oundi nnat ur e,canvi s ual l yf aci l i t at e s t r es s r educt i onandwel l bei ng,i fi mi t at edi nvar i ousel ement sof t heur banl ands cape .Thi st heor ydevel opedbyBenoi tMandel br ot i n 1977,pr opos est hatf r act alel ement si mpr oveswel l bei ngcompar edt ononf r act alel ement sandcanbei nt egr at edi nt odi f f er ent component sofbui l tenvi r onment ,s uchass t ai r cas edes i gnwhi ch s ymbol i zesf r act al sandmanymor e( Gaut am,2020) .

Fr act algeomet r yandi t sf eat ur esofs el f s i mi l ar i t y ,s cal i ng andnever endi nghasar ol ei nar chi t ect ur easaf or mat i veconcept and a gener at orof f or m.When i ncor por at i ng f r act algeomet r y i nt oades i gn,ar chi t ect spr ef ert ous ei taes t het i cal l ybypr oduci ng i nt r i cat e decor at i ve pat t er ns t hatcan be vi ewed by al lpeopl e .

Thus ,f r act algeomet r yi sof t enut i l i zedwhencons t r uct i ngat t r act i vef acades( Os ama,Sher i fandEzzel di n,2014) .

APPLI CATI ON OFTHEORI ES TOWARDS SPACE Bi ophi l i chypot hes i si ss i mpl yan ar chi t ect ur alappr oacht hatai mst ol i nk humanandnat ur ecl os ert ooneanot her byi mpl ement i ngnat ur alel ement si nt oa s pace .Bui l di ngst hati mpl ement edwi t h bi ophi l i cdes i gncombi neel ement ss uch asnat ur all i ght i ngandvent i l at i on,char act er i s t i csofnat ur als cener yandot her component st o cr eat e a heal t hi er and mor epr oduct i ves ur r oundi ng f ori ndi vi dual s( Gl oede,2015) .

Themos tcommonappl i cat i onof bi ophi l i c el ementi st he i ncor por at i on of pl ant s and gr eener yi nt o i ndoor s paces ,however ,t hati snotal lbecaus e human r eact st o nat ur alphenomenago f ar beyond t hat .For i ns t ance,human r eact st obi omor phi cpat t er nsandconf i gur at i onss eeni nnat ur e,ar edes i r abl e .

Des pi t e knowi ng t hes e pat t er ns ar e nonl i vi ng,t he human br ai n pr oces s es i tascor r el at ed wi t hi nt er pr et at i onsof l i vi ng t hi ngs ( Gl oede,2015) .A s t udy expl or es t he pos s i bi l i t y of benef i ci al i nf l uencesnat ur eand nat ur alel ement s hason human bei ngsmi ghts i mpl y be obt ai ned f r om i t sf r act al di mens i on, i ns t ead of t he nat ur al component s i t s el f( J oye,2007) .

Fur t her mor e, nat ur al l i ght i ng appl i cat i on pl a ys a bi g par t i n enhanci ng qual i t i es of an i nt er i or s pace as wel l . Opt i mi zi ng da yl i ght benef i t s bot h us er s and el ect r i ci t y bi l l s ,howevernat ur all i ght i ng f r om di f f us i on t ot empor als hi f t si si nt egr at ed i nt o bi ophi l i ci nt er vent i ons .

Li ght i ngs ys t em t hats hi f t sdur i ngt he da y ,ei t hernat ur al l yorar t i f i ci al l y ,t o r epl i cat e human body cl ock enabl es humannat ur e connect i on and,mos t i mpor t ant l y ,keepst hem i ns yncwi t h t hei rr egul ar24hourcycl e .An i ndi vi dual ’ svi s ualcomf or twoul dal s obe i ncr eas edwhennat ur alda yl i ght i ngi s opt i mi zed t hr oughout t he da y ( Gl oede,2015) .

Mor eover ,t hepr es enceofwat eri shi ghl yappr eci at edbyt hehuman mi nd and body .Evi denceoft r eat ment st hati nt r oducewat erpr es encet o s pacehasbr oughtmanyheal t hbenef i t s ,i ncl udi ngl ower edhear tr at e,l ower ed bl ood pr es s ur e,and r es t or at i on ofmemor y( Gl oede,2015) .A s pace wi t hs t r ongwat erpr es encepr ovi desas ens eofent i ci ngandi nt r i gui ngexper i ence .Sound,f l ui di t y ,pr oxi mi t y ,l i ght i ng and acces s i bi l i t y ar e el ement s t hatcont r i but et odet er mi newhet heras pacei sexci t i ng,s oot hi ng,orbot h.

Res ear ch hass hown t hatwat ers et t i ngsevokeas i gni f i cantr ehabi l i t at i ve r eact i onandus ual l yha veas t r ongerpr ef er enceamongs oci et ycompar edt o envi r onmentwi t houtwat er( Ter r api n,2014) .

Adequat eai r f l ow goeshandi nhandwi t hgoodvent i l at i on.I nanys pace,ai r ci r cul at i oni ses s ent i al ,asai r f l ow cont r ol st emper at ur e,hel psi nr emovi ng i mpur i t i es ,pr event smol d,andgener al l ycr eat esaf armor ecomf or t abl eand heal t hi erbr eat hi ngat mos pher e .Ther ear epl ent ywa yst oenhanceai rci r cul at i on i n as pace,t o nameaf ew ar ekeep door sand wi ndowsopen,r un exhaus tf ans ,ori ns t al lat t i cf ans( s par kener gy ,2017) .Al t hough i ts eems t heor et i cal l yeas i ert o mai nt ai n cons t anti ndoorcondi t i ons( s uch ast emper at ur ei nof f i cebui l di ngs ) ,s t udi esha vei ndi cat edt hatani ndi vi dual ’ sper f or mancei si ncr eas ed i ns paced wi t ht emper at ur eand ai r f l ow var i abi l i t y .

St i mul at i on of ai r f l ow hasbeen known t o keep peopl ea wake,aswel las enhanci ngconcent r at i onandef f i ci encynat ur al l y( Gl oede,2015) .

Al t houghi ti smucheas i ert oobt ai nt hephys i ol ogi calandps ychol ogi calbenef i t sof bi ophi l i car chi t ect ur ei nt hepr es enceof r ealnat ur e,el ement st hatr epl i cat enat ur ecoul dbr i ngs i mi l arbenef i t st oo.Theus eofbi omor phi cf r act al sandt hei ncl us i onofpai nt i ngwi t hnat ur als cener yequal l y enhancest hes ens eofs pace .Oppor t uni t i est hatr epl i cat enat ur ear eavi abl e choi ce,when i ns t al l i ngawi ndow orf ul l yr et r of i t t i ngan exi s t i ngs pacei s s i mpl y notf eas i bl e( Gl oede,2015) .An ar t i cl ef r om Cl er kenwel lDes i gn Week2018s t at edi nher ent l yl i nkedt obi ophi l i car chi t ect ur e,t heactofr epl i cat i ngt hecol our s ,t ext ur es ,andpr oces s escont ai nedi nnat ur eent ai l sf ul f i l l i ngani nher enthumandes i r et obecl os et onat ur e( Cl er kenwel l ,2018) .

I ns hor t ,t hemai nf act ort hatenabl est heel ement sment i onedabove t or eachpeopl emor eef f ect i vel yi sbecaus ei tal s opr ovi desamul t i s ens or y exper i encet ot heoccupant s .Al t hough nat ur evi s ual sal s o br i ngbenef i t s , t hebenef i ci alef f ect sar emuchgr eat eri fi ndi vi dual sar eei t herabl et os ens e ofheari t .Si mpl eexampl esoft hes ef ar r eachi ngi nt er vent i onsar et heabi l i t yt os mel lpl ant s ,s ens eai r f l ow,and hearwat er( Gl oede,2015) .Res ear ch hass hown evi dencet hatmul t i s ens or ys t i mul at i on,wi t houtt heneed f or abs t r actt hi nki ng,of f er ss t i mul at i ont ot hehumans ens es( vi s ual l y ,audi t or y , t act i l e,ol f act or yandt as t e)andar eevens ui t abl ef orpeopl eatanyl evelof dement i a( Fengetal . ,2018) .

CLI ENT

Foundedi n 2004,CTIwasi ni t i al l yes t abl i s hedasa Yout h Or gani zat i on.However ,af t er movi ng i nt o t hei rf i r s tof f i cei n2016,t heyha vef or mal i zedt hei r wor k and i s now f ocus i ng on pover t y al l evi at i on, s oci aldevel opment ,capaci t ydevel opment ,advocacy andt r ai ni ng.

Thei r or gani zat i on’ s vi s i on i st o empower vul ner abl e communi t i es t owar ds s el f r es pect and f ul l nes sofl i f et hr oughhol i s t i ccommuni t ygr owt h, as s i s t anceandpr act i ce .CTIenvi s i ont hef or mat i on ofpower f ul ,per s i s t ent ,whol es omeandencour agi ng f ami l i es and communi t i es ,s ot hatt hey can be i n cont r olof t hei rl i ves and cr eat e an i mpact t hat i nvokes a change wi t hi nt hei r own communi t i es bas ed on f ai r nes s ,equal i t y and r es pect f or each ot her .

CTI ’ s mi s s i on i st o br i ng aboutvi abl e and pr act i cal changes by car r yi ng out s t r at egi es and pr oj ect s cur at ed t os t op t he pover t y cycl e,r evi ve i nt egr i t y ,t oi ns t i l lf ai t h and empowercommuni t i es by“Bui l di ngOppor t uni t i esi nLi vel i hood,Educat i on andHeal t h”.

MORII N 31 x CTIBhd. CTIandMor ii n31s har est hes amebel i ef si nwhol i s t i c ( al s o known as hol i s t i c) heal t h t o enhance i ndi vi dual wel l bei ng.Whol i s t i cheal t hemphas i zesont het ot alwel l bei ng of an i ndi vi duali n ever y di mens i on,i ncl udi ng emot i onal , s pi r i t ual , ps ychol ogi cal , and phys i cal . We bel i eve t hat whol i s t i cwel l nes shol dsagr eatpot ent i ali ns uppor t i ngt he s ubur ban communi t i est o achi eve t he opt i mum bal ance i n t hei rmi nd,bodyand s pi r i t .Toget herwi t h CTI ,Mor ii n 31 ai mst o enhancet hequal i t yof l i f eof t hes ubur ban gr oup andf os t eras t r ongs ens eofcommuni t y .

USER DEMOGRAPHY Communi t y wi t hi n J al an Ber emi s ubur ban di s t r i ct ,mai nl y mi gr antwor ker s andol deradul t hoodwhoar ei nt hes t ageof l i f ef r om 55year sol dandonwar ds .

Mi gr antwor ker swhol i vesi nt hef l at wor ks near by at t he l i vel y and vi br ant ent er t ai nment di s t r i ct ( Buki t Bi nt ang) , whi chi shea vi l yur bani zed.Theyr ar el yha ve t heoppor t uni t yt oenj oypeaceandqui ett o r ej uvenat et hems el veswhi ch can event ual l y t ake a t ol lon t hei r ment aland phys i cal heal t h.

Ol deradul t sr angef r om 5565 year s ol d ar eus ual l yr et i r ed or ,s pendsal otof t hei rt i meathomewhi ch meanst heyha ve al mos t zer o i nt er act i on wi t h t hei r nei ghbor s .Thi swi l lcr eat e adver s e ef f ect s on t hei r wel l bei ng as t hey ar e cons t ant l y cr ampedi nas mal ls pace .

The pur pos e of t hi s bi ophi l i c r ecr eat i on hous e i s t o enhance s oci al i nt er act i on among t he r es i dent s who cons i s t sof amaj or i t yof mi gr antwor ker s and ol deradul t si n or dert o bui l d as t r ong s ens eofcommuni t y ,aswel laspr ovi di nga s pacef ort her es i dent st or ecuper at et hei r wel l bei ng t hr ough t he connect i on wi t h nat ur e .

PROGRAMS Moriin31isseparatedinto

t hr ee s ect i ons t hat pr ovi des di f f er ent pr ogr ams ai med t o pr omot e s oci al i nt er act i on among t he Buki t Bi nt ang s ubur ban communi t y and i mpr ovet hei rqual i t yofl i f e .

ACTI VI TI ES

a)Del i ght f uls ens es Del i ght f uls ens es ,j us tl i kei t sname, pr ovi desas er i esofent i ci ngand i nt r i gui ngi nt er act i ves t r uct ur eand i ns t al l at i ont hats t i mul at eandgi ve del i ghtt ot hehumans ens es .Vi s i t or s coul di nt er actwi t ht hes t r uct ur esor i ns t al l at i onst hatar es peci f i cal l y des i gnedf ordi f f er ents ens es( vi s ual , s cent ,ol f act or y ,vi s t a,andt as t e) ,whi ch pr ovi desaheal i ngef f ectont hei r wel l bei ng. b)Soci opet alSpace Thepr i mar yobj ect i veoft hi sSoci opet al Spacei st opr omot es oci ali nt er act i on amongt her es i dent s .Whi l et hepur pos e ofSoci of ugals pacesar et os uppr es s cont actandkeeppeopl eapar ti n gr i dl i kef or mat i on,Soci opet als pacei s t ypi cal l ydes i gnedi nar adi alf or m br i ng peopl et oget her .Ut i l i zi ngami xt ur eof geomet r yandor gani cs hapest ocr eat e l i nkedci r cl es ,s pi r al sorf unnel sf or s t r uct ur eswoul dencour aget he r es i dent st oengagei ns oci ali nt er act i on.

Bes i des ,t hi sal s os er vesasas af es pace f orcont empl at i onpur pos es .

c)SLO W Unl i keSoci opet als pace,SLO W i s des i gnedf ori ndi vi dual st oha ve per s onals pace .Vi s i t or scanenj oypeace andqui eti nt hei ndi vi duals ound s howerpodst hatpl a yss of tcal mi ng mus i candASMR bi naur alnat ur es ounds s uchasoceanwa ves ,f or es ts ounds , r ai nf al landmor e .Us er swi l lonl yhear t hes oundswhent heyar ei nt hepodsor under neat ht hes ounds hower ,oncet hey l ea vet he“s hower ”,t hes oundi sno l ongeraudi bl e .Ther ef or e,t heycan i mmer s et hems el vesi nt os oundt her apy whi l es pendi ngqual i t yt i met o r ecuper at et hei rmi ndandbody .

MECHANI SM Sol at ubeDa yl i ght i ng Sys t em

Sol at ube i s bas i cal l yat ubul ar da yl i ght i ng s ys t em t hatcapt ur es s unl i ghtand t r ans por ti tt o i nt er i or s paces t hat nat ur als unl i ght i s unabl et o r each.Li ned wi t h as peci alr ef l ect i vemat er i alt hat hast heabi l i t yt or ef l ect99.

7% ofnat ur all i ght ,t hi s t ubeenabl ess un l i ghtt ot r a velf r om t heout s i det o i nt er i ors paces .Bes i desenhanci ngt hel i ghtqual i t y , t hi si sal s oacos t ef f i ci ents ol ut i onasi tr educest he us age of ener gy whi ch woul dl owerener gy bi l lby ampl i f yi ng nat ur al l i ght dur i ng t he da y and har ves t i ng exces s ener gy f or t he ni ght . Sol at ube da yl i ght i ngs ys t em t echnol ogyal l ow nat ur als unl i ght t obeus eddur i ngda yandni ght( Sol at ube,2020) .

Nat ur al l i ght i ng i s pr oven t o pr omot e a heal t hy envi r onment t hr ough enhanci ng i nt er i or l i ght i ng qual i t y .I t hel ps t o boos tt he vi t ami nD s t or age i n human body whi ch i s es s ent i al f or abs or bi ng cal ci um and s t i mul at i ng bonegr owt h,as wel las pr event i ng cer t ai nt ypes of cancer s ,hear t di s eas e, ment al heal t h i s s ues and wei ght gai n ( Gar one,2020) .Thus ,i ns t al l i ng Sol at ube da yl i ght s ys t em i nt oMor ii n31wi l lcont r i but ei nenhanci ng t hecommuni t y’ squal i t yofl i f e .

PROJECT BRANDI NG

Moriin 31simplymeansforestin

31. The t er m Mor i means f or es ti n J apanes e, wher eas t he number 31 came f r om t hel otnumberoft heunnamedJ al an Ber emif l at .The backs t or y of t hi sname der i ved f r om t he i dea of i mpl ement i ng nat ur e ora gr een s pace i nt o a concr et e envi r onment .

The col our ol i ve gr een i s known t o be t he convent i onalcol ourof peace .I tpr ovi desa cal m and s oot hi ng ef f ect as i tr epr es ent s nat ur e and s ymbol i zeshar mony ,f r es hnes s ,gr owt handheal t h.

As i ti st he mos t common col or i nt he nat ur al wor l d,i tpr omot ess t r es s r el i evi ng f r om t hemi nd andbody .

MERCHANDI SE

11. Sl ocombe,G. ,2019.WhatI sPr os pect Ref uge? .[ onl i ne]LandAr ch Concept s .Avai l abl eat : ht t ps : //l andar chconcept s . wor dpr es s . com/what i s pr os pect r ef uge/ 12. SOKPAUPARDI N,E. ,2019.St r es sReduct i onTheor y:WhyLooki ngAt Nat ur eI sBenef i ci alToOurMent alAndPhys i calHeal t h.[ onl i ne]SageGl as s .

Avai l abl eat : ht t ps : //www. s agegl as s . com/en/vi s i onar yi ns i ght s /s t r es s r educt i ont heor y 13. Sol at ube . com.2020.Sol at ube .[ onl i ne]Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. s ol at ube . com/> 14. s par kener gy ,2017.I mpr oveAi rCi r cul at i onForA Cool erSummer , Nat ur al l y-Spar kEner gy .[ onl i ne]Spar kEner gy .Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. s par kener gy . com/i mpr oveai r ci r cul at i onf or acool er s ummer nat u r al l y/> 15. Sughi t o,E. ,2016.Pr os pect— Ref ugeTheor y .[ onl i ne]Medi um.Avai l abl e at :ht t ps : //medi um. com/@s oci al _ar chi /pr os pect r ef uget heor yca5d80379e51 16. Ter r api n,2014.14Pat t er nsOfBi ophi l i cDes i gn.[ onl i ne] Ter r api nbr i ght gr een. com.Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. t er r api nbr i ght gr een. com/r epor t s /14pat t er ns /#pr es enceof wat er >

11. Sl ocombe,G. ,2019.WhatI sPr os pect Ref uge? .[ onl i ne]LandAr ch Concept s .Avai l abl eat : ht t ps : //l andar chconcept s . wor dpr es s . com/what i s pr os pect r ef uge/ 12. SOKPAUPARDI N,E. ,2019.St r es sReduct i onTheor y:WhyLooki ngAt Nat ur eI sBenef i ci alToOurMent alAndPhys i calHeal t h.[ onl i ne]SageGl as s .

Avai l abl eat : ht t ps : //www. s agegl as s . com/en/vi s i onar yi ns i ght s /s t r es s r educt i ont heor y 13. Sol at ube . com.2020.Sol at ube .[ onl i ne]Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. s ol at ube . com/> 14. s par kener gy ,2017.I mpr oveAi rCi r cul at i onForA Cool erSummer , Nat ur al l y-Spar kEner gy .[ onl i ne]Spar kEner gy .Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. s par kener gy . com/i mpr oveai r ci r cul at i onf or acool er s ummer nat u r al l y/> 15. Sughi t o,E. ,2016.Pr os pect— Ref ugeTheor y .[ onl i ne]Medi um.Avai l abl e at :ht t ps : //medi um. com/@s oci al _ar chi /pr os pect r ef uget heor yca5d80379e51 16. Ter r api n,2014.14Pat t er nsOfBi ophi l i cDes i gn.[ onl i ne] Ter r api nbr i ght gr een. com.Avai l abl eat : <ht t ps : //www. t er r api nbr i ght gr een. com/r epor t s /14pat t er ns /#pr es enceof wat er >

Book 1. Heer wagen,J .H. ,& Or i ans ,G.H.( 1995) .Humans ,habi t at s .Bi ophi l i a Hypot hes i s ,138,138172.Sour cedf r om ht t ps : //books . googl e . com. my/books ? hl =en&l r =&i d=qOg3J 0BoGoC&oi =f nd& pg=PA138&ot s =9eHVwi Dt va&s i g=R5_KeXuDd3CHur d7J oeRI xRi c&r edi r _es c =y#v=onepage&q&f =f al s e 2. Kel l er t ,S.R.( 2008) .Di mens i ons ,el ement s ,andat t r i but esofbi ophi l i c des i gn.Bi ophi l i cdes i gn:t het heor y ,s ci ence,andpr act i ceofbr i ngi ngbui l di ngs t ol i f e,319.I SBN10:1118174658

SI TEANALYSI S NARRATI VE

PROGRAMMI NG

DESI GN REALI SATI ON

REFLECTI ON

Thi s pr oj ect has been a br eakt hr ough f or me as I ha ve chal l enged mys el f i n many di f f er ent as pect s dur i ng t he pr oces s . l engest hatIha ve Themanychal encount er eddur i ngt hi ss emes t er has got me t o expand and s t r engt hen my des i gn t hi nki ng.

Des pi t e al lt he chal l enges ,Iam gl ad t hat I am abl e t o pul l t hr ough.Il ookf or war dt ocr eat e ext r aor di nar y des i gns and r each myf ul l es tpot ent i ali nt hef ut ur e .

Asa des i gner ,Iwi l lnevers t op expl or i ng and obs er vi ng.Al wa ys pus h boundar i es , chal l enge t he nor m, and wor k out s i de t he comf or t zone as wel l as knowl edges et .Mos ti mpor t ant l y , al wa ys be mi ndf ul of t he i mpl i cat i onofmydes i gnt owar ds humanandenvi r onment .

Thank you t o al lmyt ut or s :Mr .

Vi ckr am Thevar , Ms Ai s hah Mokht ar ,and MsSuzySul ai man, f oral lt heext r aef f or t syoumade t ohel pmegr ow.Al s o,abi gt hank you t o Mr . Romzi who has chal l enged me t ot hi nk bi g& gui ded me s i nce t he ver y begi nni ngofmypr oj ect .