Postgraduate Thesis by Priya Renga

A FULL CIRCLE CREATING AN INFILL COMMUNITY

PRIYA KANNU RENGANATHAN

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In order to undertake this thesis project and complete it to my best ability I received guidance from my supportive team of tutors, namely Prof. Dominic Sagar, Ms. Tamara Salinas Cohn, Mr. Antonio Blanco Pastor, Mr. Curtis Martyn and Mr. James Dyson. I would also like to extend my gratitude to B15 for helping with the making of the model for the project.

DECLARATION No portion of the work referred to in the thesis project has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification of this or to any other university or other institute of learning. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission of the copyright holder, the author.

ABSTRACT

Cities are integral to human society as they are the loci of political, economic, social and cultural aspects. Modern ways of life are shaped by cities and depend on and develop around them. The inextricable link between economic development and city growth determines the direction of progress and the positive or detrimental impact on the context. The most notable change occurs in the physical mark-up of the context. The rising concern about the possible obsolescence of the urban fabric of these city centers due to unregulated growth patterns has generated a growing interest in the phenomenon of urban regeneration as solution. My post-graduate dissertation explored these urban phenomena at a macro level and then applied the finding on a zone in Manchester. Through the dissertation I had hoped that inclusive, complex processes of urban transformation could be proposed as norm to revitalize city centers and tackle detrimental aspects of obsolescence. This thesis carries forth this conversation. The interest to propose a template for urban regeneration in an underrated and forgotten part of Manchester grew out of gaining a better understanding of the city’s genesis and current path to “progress”. SRF documents of Manchester overlaid on the city’s extents shone the spot light on a region with conflicting development visions. This is an urban island at the fringe of the city center that is currently in a state of flux - a parcel of land roughly 100 acres in expanse in the North-East part of Manchester. The site is a region where different eras combine, where architectural styles amalgamate, where the line between private and public blur, where communities live, where innovation germinates and where history stays rooted. The City Council however does not evaluate the region in its entirety and thus different parts of the region are demarcated for different paces of progress. The current dialogue fails to highlight the conflict between conservation zones and HS2 planning blights; historic warehouses and looming skyscrapers; public space design and density maximization – and I fear the future urban fabric will be one of disconnect and dissonance. Through this thesis I hope to put forth basic planning guidelines for developers and stakeholders to refer to – so as to better design and plan for the future. The aim is to identify degrees of interventions, crucial sites of development, and expose the potential of using the canals as a tool to revive a community. The context has multi faceted potentials and these exist because of the people who have vested interest in the context. Highlighting this humane element, and putting forth a scenario where new interventions revolve around bettering life for residents is the overall goal of this project.

STRUCTURE Declaration Acknowledgment

02 02

ABSTRACT

List of figures

CHAPTER 1 : WHAT? 1.1.City Centers 1.2.Urban Regeneration 1.3.Objectives and methodologies 1.4.Chapter Overview 1.5.Limitations 1.6.Knowledge Contribution

11 12 15 17 17 18 18

CHAPTER 2 : WHERE? 2.1.The Context 2.2.Then and Now 2.3.The Timeline

19 21 23 27

CHAPTER 3 : WHY? 3.1.Strategic Documents 3.2.Public Opinion 3.3.Manchester and Canals

29 31 35 36

CHAPTER 4 : LIKE? 4.1.New Islington - Contextual 4.2.Holmes Rd. Studio - Architectural 4.3.Eyes on the Canal - Approach

37 39 43 45

CHAPTER 5 : HOW? 5.1.Context Analysis 5.2.Site Analysis via Mapping 5.3.Site Model

49 50 53 63

CHAPTER 6 : DESIGN 6.1.The Masterplan 6.2.Site 1: Rochdale Canal 6.3.Site 2 : Ashton Basin 6.4.Site 3 : Ashton Corridor Site 4 : Ancoats Dispensary 6.5.Site 5 : Central Retail Park Site 6 : Port Street 6.6.Canal edge treatment 6.7.Street Sections

69 70 73 77 81

CHAPTER 7 : CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 8 : BIBLIOGRAPHY

85 91 93

LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 01 Fig.02 Fig. 03 Fig. 04 Fig. 05 Fig. 06 Fig. 07 Fig. 08Fig. 09Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Fig. 37Fig. 38Fig. 39Fig. 40-

City Centre genesis City Center Potentials Push and Pull in Cities Core evolution Regeneration cycle The macro context SE aerial view of context NW aerial view of context New Islington 1949 New Islington 2000 The macro context evolution The micro context evolution The context timeline Context in flux HS2 Manchester Piccadilly Central Retail Park Piccadilly Basin Ancoats and New Islington Mayfield Manchester Piccadilly An urban island Urban identity crisis New Islington The elements New Islington then and next Public consultation Current | future developments Concept to reality A community Street section Conceptual approaches The promenade Canal edge treatment Lessons to learn Canal centric design The missing typologies Conceptual sections Consolidated Map Nolli Map Green blue Map

12 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 30 31 31 31 32 32 32 33 34 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56

Fig. 41 Fig. 42 Fig. 43 Fig. 44 Fig. 45 Fig. 46 Fig. 47 Fig. 48Fig. 49Fig. 50Fig. 51Fig. 52Fig. 53Fig. 54Fig. 55Fig. 56Fig. 57Fig. 58 Fig. 59 Fig. 60 Fig. 61Fig. 62Fig. 63Fig. 64Fig. 65Fig. 66Fig. 67Fig. 68 Fig. 69 Fig. 70 Fig. 71Fig. 72Fig. 73Fig. 74Fig. 75Fig. 76Fig. 77-

Transportation Map Land use Map Building Height Map Architectural Style Map Land use Matrix Site in transition A collaborative model Site identification Land use allocation SW view of model SE view of model A vision Current masterplan Proposed masterplan Site 1 development guidelines Site 1 before and after Site 1 proposed masterplan Site 1 proposed section Site 2 development guidelines Site 2 before and after Site 2 proposed masterplan Site 2 proposed section Site 3 development Site 4 development Site 3 | 4 proposed masterplan Site 4 proposed section Site 5 development Site 6 development Site 5 proposed masterplan Site 5 proposed section Site 6 proposed masterplan Site 6 proposed section Rochdale canal edges Ashton canal edges Site 5 canal edge section Site 5 inner road section A new beginning

57 58 59 60 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 98

01 WHAT ?

URBAN ISSUE OF INTEREST : INDUSTRIAL CITY CORE AND FRINGE REGENERATION

1.1.CITY CENTERS When historic city centers started to form, their inner morphology trickled outward to the surrounding context and this in turn created a feeder system. The city core was where business, manufacturing and public amenities were located. This concentrated focus gave birth to supporting land uses towards the fringe. Also, historic areas and buildings of importance within the core became landmarks or nodes and in turn the neighboring areas made connections to these focal points.

Center extent

Morphology

Land use - core

Nodes

Feeders

Land use - extra

Connections

Figure 01: City Center genesis (Author)

The city center has a defined edge and around this demarcation lies the comfort or safety zone of residents. Within this region lies important areas of interest, built and un-built, and these in turn act as place-making tools. Inside this safety net the users work and innovate and create. This attracts outside investments to flow in. Simultaneously, this development within the extents creates neighboring suburbs and towns to set up and they feed off the cores prosperity via links - technological and physical.

Neighborhood

Safety zone

Place-making

Technology link

City Center edge

Creativity flow

Investments

Figure 02: City Center Potentials (Author)

The city center is a unique region in the master-plan of a city. It has either a tangible or intangible border, and is an important node in the urban fabric. The economic prosperity leads to an influx of people looking for work - the pull. In turn neighborhoods and suburbs dot the periphery, for the new found population to settle down - push. The center is a place of chaos, pollution and congestion, with the new trying to fit itself into the mold of the old. This in turn drives the outskirts to create their own areas of interest.

New suburbs

Pollution

Tourism core

Migration

Proximity

City Center edge

Congestion

Retail core

Figure 03: Push and Pull in Cities (Author)

1.2.URBAN REGENERATION In the olden days city progress priorities were placed on respecting the past, on the value of communities, and on the concept of place making and overall life revolved around manufacturing industries. The successive economic booms and busts created a shift in this delicate balance. In the current scenario of city growth, there is a race for reinventing the urban fabric. Priorities are placed on increasing land value, opening up the economy to commercialization and generating architecture that is gentrified.

History

Architecture

Newness

Gentrify

Boom

Old Core

Old Core Bust New Core

Community

Location

Commerce

Land value

Figure 04: Core evolution (Author)

Urban regeneration is a concept where urban decay is tackled so as to wholly reverse it, or to try remove it from the development conversation â&#x20AC;&#x201C; so to give the urban fabric a new lease on life. This can be in terms physical, economic or social interventions. It is a complex process where the context is evaluated to understand its strength and weakness, and then a plan is made to improve the on-site conditions. But care has to be taken so as to not create a monotonous and mundane new city center.

City

Underutilized / underused land

Imbalanced change in urban growth

Weaken city image Reduce productivity

Distressed / decaying built

Decrease livability

Land

City is a thriving container of life.

Urban Regeneration

Community Environment

Implementation Political | Phasing

Financing Private | Public

Planning Vision | Assurances

Scope Site Site analysis | Narrative

Figure 05: Regeneration cycle (Author)

1.3.OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGIES The objective of the thesis is three pronged â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 1.To study the role of the post industrial city centers in general and to delve into their morphology to understand how this impacts the course of urban regeneration. 2.To analyze the context of the thesis with regard to existing SRF documents and prevailing site conditions. 3.To present an alternative development document for the context that places value on communities ans canals. Through a series of research driven steps, the thesis aims to dissect and formalize the findings in a legible and appropriate manner. Following this the thesis aims to create a development template for selected sites of intervention. Case studies, site analysis, interviews and referencing current SRFâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s inform the thesis design proposal. 1.4.CHAPTER OVERVIEW - Chapter 1 establishes the aims, objectives and methodologies that this dissertation will discuss. Additionally, it provides a summary of the key urban phenomena that form the reasoning behind the thesis. - Chapter 2 will introduce the site of the thesis. The macro and micro fabric evolution, and the timeline of the crucial elements in the context are put forth here. - Chapter 3 justifies the site selection - highlighting the current contextual narratives and the potentials of the site. - Chapter 4 focuses on case studies that are relevant to the thesis - a project that is similar in typology and overall approach of the project, similar regeneration schemes in the micro context, and architectural interventions that embody the spirit of the thesis. - Chapter 5 will put forth the various degrees of site analysis undertaken and put forth the inferences in a consolidated manner. These will help generate the potential sites of intervention, and the land uses missing from the context. - Chapter 6 introduces the proposed master-plan for the site. This then elaborates on the six sites of intervention with details pertaining to development. Furthermore, prototypes of canal edge treatments are put forth. - Chapter 7 showcases the overall look and feel of the context should the steps of Chapter 6 be carried out along the canal and in vacant plots in the context.

1.5.LIMITATIONS The various Strategic Regeneration Framework documents by the City Council for the areas in and around the site context are incomplete, with a central parcel of land being excluded from consideration. Also, parts of the site fall within the different conservation zones. This lack of clarity with regard to a larger picture proposal leaves a lot about the sites future unspoken and uncertain. The aims and goals of each document are not in tune with each other and thus the visions overlap inconsistently. This thesis aims to take a critical eye to the area, but it must be noted that the assumptions taken are heavily influenced by the studies carried out in the framework design document. Though the thesis hopes to create a grass root level change in the context, real life density goals and HS2 driven planning changes act as obstacles. 1.6.KNOWLEDGE CONTRIBUTION The originality of this thesis lies within the contribution of creating an inclusive planning document that amplifies the positives of the site, and tackles the detrimental elements. The canal and community that are integral to the city are celebrated and brought to the forefront of the design process. The investigation of this area has been underpinned by a series of urban theoretical studies unique to the subject area.

WHERE ?

CONTEXT IN FOCUS : ROCHDALE CANAL, ASHTON CANAL AND NEW ISLINGTON WHARF LOOP

Rochd ale

Cheetham Hill

pel

St.

Etihad Campus

Old

Cha

ha m

ew yN

Cheet h

Bur

ns R

Quee

Harpurhey

Victoria

Media City

SITE

Regent Rd

CITY CENTRE Piccadilly

Old Trafford Hulme

s An

City Centre

Site Extents

Rd .

Key Economic Main arterial rd.

Chorlton

Princess

Inner ring rd. Main arterial rd. Rail network

Figure 06: The macro context (Author)

Located at the North-Western edge of the City Centre, with the M60 running through the middle of the site, the context is bound by two canals and is in close proximity to Manchester Piccadilly station.

2.1.THE CONTEXT From the South Eastern view the scale of development in and around the site can be holistically seen. The stark high density footprint in the left half as opposed to the open green expanses on the right is the first and most notable observation. The second observation is the strong presence of the color red of the built environment, irrespective of year of construction. Thirdly, the sporadic dispersal of skyscrapers along the main road networks stands out.

Figure 07: South East aerial view of context (Google Maps)

The North Western view of the context showcases Rochdale Canal and Ashton Canal, the two main water bodies that flow in and around the site,, and the New Islington Wharf that connects them. The regeneration project of New Islington, with the now demolished Toys â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Râ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Us showcases a site in the middle of change. The small scale residences of Miles Platting is visible in the bottom left corner while the Northern Quarter is located in the bottom right corner.

Figure 08: North West aerial view of context (Google Maps)

2.2.THEN AND NOW The context, in 1949, was saturated with buildings of small footprints that were densely packed, at times in row housing styles of construction. They were characterized by the similar heights and architecture style and were laid out in a tight grid iron layout. Overtime the urban fabric has eroded and opened itself up. The nolli maps show the degradation in built form from the late 19th Century till date. Also the cementing up of the canal basins over time is distinctly visible in the late 20th Century map.

Figure 09 New Islington 1949 (English Heritage )

Today the context is stripped down to its most basic essence and there is a strong mismatch in all aspects of development. The new parcels of land are larger in scale, by virtue of being shared between fewer land owners. Upcoming construction is not in tune with the history of the context and there are looming large empty plots. Skyscrapers are an anomaly dotting the Great Ancoats road, standing out by virtue of their scale. And, the Toys â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Râ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Us site that is now barren and empty paints a picture of uncertainty.

Figure 10: New Islington 2000 (Google Maps)

REVOLUTION : 19th Century Intense urban growth expands outwards from the core. The original urban grid is populated with industrial uses responding to arrival of new canal infrastructure. Unconstrained land allows for gridded street networks to be laid out and in turn helps in shaping rational plots, with continuous connectivity.

1890

1990

Figure 11 The macro context evolution (Digimaps)

MATURITY AND EROSION - 20th Century Technology and competition help to rationalize the grain and location of industrial activity, with housing starting to become more prominent in the land use mix. Original connections largely remain. Industrial decline imposes lower density, but inherently disconnected housing formats. Original, intuitive street grids and links are eroded.

C. 19th

Late 20th Cent.

Figure 12: The micro context evolution (Deloitte)

2.3.THE TIMELINE The history of the site is one that has evolved by courtesy of the three dominant areas surrounding it, and the three transportation routes that articulate its edges. The Northern Quarter, Ancoats Urban Village and New Islington ( formerly known as then Card-room estate) developments date back to the 19th Century and still have a strong hold over the context. The changes to their built form and land use ratios ripple outward into the site expanse.

New Islington appears on map Ancoats first mills set up Eastern part of NQ developed

1765

Ancoats single residence set up

Ancoats most populous in MCR

First NQ weaver home set up

1780

1790â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s

1800

Rochdale canal is completed

Rochdale canal locks set up

Ashton canal first part completed

Ashton canal links to Rochdale

1815

1840â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Rochdale canal reduced usage

Piccadilly - Store St station built

Figure 13: The context timeline (Author)

The Rochdale canal and Ashton canal border the majority of the Eastern and Western edges of the site and they date back to the 18th Century - though their presence may not always have been at the forefront due to temporary disuse during the late 20th Century. Piccadilly station has been of significance to the context since the 19th Century when it allowed for decentralization of businesses and thus forever changing the identity of Manchester. It continues to shape the regions future by virtue of the pending HS2 plans.

New Islington densely built up

New Islington slums torn down

New Islington to Card-room Estate Ancoats is a conservation area

Retail and trade market enter NQ

1940’s

Urban Regeneration underway

Ancoats urban fabric changes

Ancoats + NI SRF document

NQ has 2 conservation zones

1960’s Rochdale canal shut by govt.

Ashton canal reduced usage

New Islington to Card-room Estate

1970’s Rochdale canal cement - restore

1980’s

2000’s

Present day

Rochdale canal usable again

Ashton canal vandalized, disused

Talks to regenerate Ashton basin

Station named as Piccadilly Station

HS2 station confirmed for 2032

03 WHY ?

PRESENTING A FULL CIRCLE : A CONTEXT IN TRANSITION WITH NO DIRECTION

UNIFIED

DIVIDED

FRAGMENTED

Figure 14: Context in flux (Author)

The site was once a large interdependent region, where the Great Ancoats acted as a means of thoroughfare and not as an invisible barrier between the North and South. The same unseen line now dictates what is considered the city center and what is the fringe.

3.1.STRATEGIC DOCUMENTS Manchester City Council, in collaboration with local developers like the Belgravia Group; analytical teams like Deloitte; architects like Bennets Associates, has put forth Strategic Regeneration Framework documents for various zones in and around the city center. Present here are the ones relevant to the site context. Each SRF focuses on an independent region that is selected due to its importance to the overall city center - the HS2 planning region, the Ancoats urban village zone, the Central retail park etc.

- Neighborhood of choice - Town scape integration - New gateway opportunity - Place-making

- Connectivity between spaces - Repair urban grain - Revitalize retail function - Frontage, quality and activity

- Economic deliverables - Historic analysis - Active frontages - Materiality

Figure 15: 2014 HS2 Manchester Piccadilly (Bennets Associates)

Figure 16: 2015 Central Retail Park (TH Real Estate | Turley)

Figure 17: 2016 Piccadilly basin (Deloitte | SimpsonHaugh)

Each document focuses on a set of deliverables - maximizing density, introducing new means of place-making, altering land use mark ups, improving economies associated with the zones, reconfiguring transportation routes etc. The areas highlighted in each document overlap with those of other documents, creating a chaotic and incomprehensible master-plan vision. And, it is through the analysis of these documents that elements for a design proposal begin to appear.

- Neighborhood initiative - Place-making objectives - Residential quality guide - Barrier crossing

- Transform East MCR - New neighborhood - Scale and Massing - Build to rent concept

- Transportation and HS2 - Introduction of skyscrapers - New land uses, built up - Sustainability element

Figure 18: 2016 Ancoats and New Islington (Deloitte)

Figure 19: 2018 Mayfield (LCR | Manchester City Council)

Figure 20: 2018 Manchester Piccadilly (Bennetts Associates)

NEW ISLINGTON WHARF

ROCHDALE CANAL

ISLAND

ISLINGTON BRANCH

PICCADILLY BASIN

ASHTON CANAL ASHTON BASIN

Figure 21: An urban island (Author)

The site can be best identified as an urban island as it is surrounded by a loop of water all around. Along this loop of uninterrupted water exist pause points- basins and wharfs of varying sizes, situated in residential and commercial pockets.

MILES PLATTING ANCOATS URBAN VILLAGE

NORTHERN QUARTER NEW ISLINGTON

CENTRAL RETAIL PARK PICCADILLY BASIN

HS2 PLANNING BLIGHT

ASHTON CORRIDOR HS2 PROPOSAL ZONE

Figure 22: Urban identity crisis (Author)

The urban island abuts far too many unique neighborhoods and is thus a hotchpotch amalgamation of architectural styles and land uses. This in turn results in it being pulled towards each zone, creating a lack of identity and contextual singularity.

3.2.PUBLIC OPINIONS ON ISSUES RIGHT TO MOVE : MEN, 25|10|2018 : Greg Beales of Shelter “Where social homes are being sold, they need to be replaced with the same kinds of homes in the same community, with rents that will be affordable to local people . We see all too often the dreadful disruption that being pushed from your neighborhood can cause a family, especially the harm it does to children. We need a bold new plan for social housing, building many more genuinely affordable homes where they are needed most. We need to see that the government makes it easier to build new social homes, but we also need to see that the major players in Manchester work together to solve this crisis.”

NEW ISLINGTON : MEN, 16|07|2018 : Deborah, a resident “It has changed so, so much. It wasn’t filled with people like this, there were hardly any people at all. But we just loved the area and we could see what it could become - and that really has happened. I love bike-riding down the canals, everyone goes running up and down in the morning. There’s a real sense of community, everyone stops and chats and year after year more and more people are coming because they can see the potential in the area. There’s the school, there’s a doctor’s surgery, you can see the evolution it’s really fascinating.”

3.3.MANCHESTER AND CANALS GOING WITH THE FLOW : GUARDIAN, 03|05|2006 “ Almost 250 years since the Duke of Bridgewater built the first canal to carry coal around Manchester, it is fitting that that city has become a proving ground for a second age of “canal mania”. This involves using once-redundant land and buildings - in the case of Manchester, many of them “listed” for their historical value - to exploit the waterside potential, which can add a fifth to the value of a project. The centerpiece, astride the Rochdale and Ashton canals, is Ancoats Urban Village, which is this year’s winner of the Waterways Renaissance Awards, run by the Waterways Trust and the British Urban Regeneration Association. Praising the scheme, made possible through £40m of public funding, which has attracted more than £200m of private investment, judges hailed a “stunning canal-heritage scheme ... an outstanding project in an outstanding location”. Significantly, they were particularly impressed by the variety of homes planned, particularly a “high proportion” of apartments for families. This singles out the area from other waterside developments, often dominated by bars, cafes, and the smaller apartments that characterize newly-colonized city centres.”

VENICE OF THE NORTH : MEN, 09|01|2016 : Walter Menzies of Manchester & Pennine Waterway Partnership “It’s time we seized the opportunity to establish Manchester as the capital of the north’s waterways and made the most of this wonderful asset. Nobody in Greater Manchester is far from a canal. There is nowhere else in the country with so much potential to develop resilient, sustainable and thrilling waterways to benefit our economy, the environment and of course the people who live and work in and around the North’s capital.”

04 LIKE ?

LOOKING AT PRECEDENTS : NEW ISLINGTON, PETER BARBER AND EYES ON THE CANAL

Figure 23: New Islington (Urban Splash)

Located at the heart of the site is a regeneration scheme, spearheaded by Urban Splash, that brings together communities into their old neighborhoods. This resulted in a place where connections are valued over numbers, and creativity flows out of every orifice.

4.1.NEW ISLINGTON - CONTEXTUAL “What we are most proud of at New Islington is that it is a true neighborhood built on great collaboration – it’s a thriving example of how the Urban Splash method actually works: a mix of homes all side by side with great new businesses and high-quality public space. We saw an opportunity to help make the old Card-room Estate a better place to live, work and play – somewhere that would bring much-needed new homes, workspaces, community spaces and amenities. It was all possible, if we worked together.”

Figure 24: The elements (Urban Splash)

Figure 25: New Islington then and next (Urban Splash | Google Maps)

Similar scales, prefab techniques, spacious plazas, balance of green and blue within the master-plan - some of the key features of this proposal. Canals designed to cater to communities and families and communities over retail is what sets this project apart.

“Taking on the redevelopment of what was one of the country’s worst estates was always going to be a challenge. But we saw a place with an important story to tell, a community of locals, historic canals, stunning mills and a landmark of modern Manchester. We wanted to deliver true urban regeneration for the long term. It was inspirational. A place with green squares, homes and businesses, schools and infrastructure, a place that will continue to connect people old and new.”

CARDROOM RESIDENT Chooses type of property Chooses phase 1 architect Chooses name of project Same street, new house

Figure 26: Public Consultation (Urban Splash)

Figure 27: Current and future developments (Urban Splash)

Though the master-plan is divided among different architectural practices, the whole area can be read as a whole entity with uniform approaches to design. Similar scales, sloped roofs, uniform color palettes and more contribute to this common goal.

4.2.HOLMES RD. STUDIO - ARCHITECTURAL â&#x20AC;&#x153;The buildings are constructed in a rustic looking brick with a crinkle crankle parapet which gives the project a relaxed domestic scale. All of the rooms look out over the garden. We imagine a group of residents working with a gardener to create and maintain an intensely planted and beautiful garden. There would be an apple tree or two, potatoes, green veg, soft fruit, herbs, a greenhouse, a potting shed and a sunny spot to sit and rest. We think there ought to be a little room/shed in the garden for private chats and counseling.â&#x20AC;?

Figure 28: Concept to reality (Peter Barber)

Figure 29: A community (Peter Barber)

A fresh take on what housing for the homeless could be - where human scale architecture, natural materials, and modular solutions are used to create a sense of community. A concept that could be applied to social and affordable housing projects as well.

4.3.EYES ON THE CANAL - APPROACH â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Sponge Basin principles require us to take a holistic view of a canal as an infrastructural water body embedded within the landscape. The realization of a Sponge Basin is regional in planning scope but requires landscape-based interventions at various scales - streets, open spaces, and buildings. The design demonstrates how dense urban areas can also contribute to the capacity of the canal by delaying, storing, and releasing runoff within courtyards, plazas, and linear parks that are creatively designed.â&#x20AC;?

Figure 30: Street section (Team Sponge)

Areas along canals grow as active, diverse and resilient neighborhoods. Rejuvenating the canal from a conduit to a public amenity and ecological habitat. Ground level retail or commercial is a porous foundation for the building a catalyst for public life along the canal.

Figure 31: Conceptual approaches (Team Sponge)

The opening up of the canal through the creation of various slopes is part of a strategic set of moves - by taking down the wall and establishing a slope with simple pathways, increasing housing density through redevelopment.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;Phase 1 : enhancing accessibility and connectivity; providing public access to the canal, transit station and access to standard housing. Phase 2 : create a resilient buffer along the Adyar riverfront and to ease out land for high density developments - a series of public parks along with playgrounds. Phase 3 : create a robust sponge landscape network that unlocks more development potential.â&#x20AC;?

Figure 32: The promenade (Team Sponge)

Figure 33: Canal edge treatment (Team Sponge)

The canal free of debris and sewage, can now support lush vegetation and aquatic plants that become habitat for birds and amphibians. As the canal edge is opened up and improved, the existing housing stock and density becomes sub-optimal.

05 HOW ?

AN APPROPRIATE PAIRING: A UNIQUE CONTEXT AND A UNIQUE OPPORTUNITY

5.1.CONTEXT ANALYSIS Manchester during the 19th Century was an industrial region with heavy dependence on the waterways for receiving goods and transporting textiles. The early 20th Century saw a decline in the economy as railroads allowed for decentralization of factories and opened up a wider market for goods. The late 20th Century was when the context became disused with buildings being boarded up and there was an increase in crime rates. The 21st Century brought with it an urge to revive the context and to reestablish its worth.

Learn from yesterday

Early 2000’s

Late 1900’s

Early 1900’s

1800 - 1900

Live with Work with Play with

Revitalize Reconnect Remind

For a better tomorrow

Figure 34: Lessons to learn (Author)

STAGE 1 Intervening within the canal and basins itself

LIVE

Figure 35: Canal centric design (Author)

STAGE 2 Intervening along the canal edges and banks

STAGE 3 Intervening within the canals nearby micro context

WORK

STAGE 2 Creating a ripple effect into the macro context

PLAY

Analyzing the current, prior and proposed future of the city center brings out the dominant land uses that is seen - the priorities. This helps evaluate the context in terms of what typologies are lacking or under represented.

Right to Rent / buy MLCP / Podiums

Sky scrapers

Commerce / Trade

Old city center

Offices spaces

Current CC Modern architecture

Future CC

High end residential

THE MISSING TYPOLOGIES

Modular

Jigsaw and Adactus

Affordable housing

Water front design

Canal and River trust

Social housing

Communal amenities

MCR City Council

Context

Figure 36: The missing typologies (Author)

Equal

Affordable Livable Communal Sustainable

5.2.SITE ANALYSIS VIA MAPPING The selected area of interest was studied in a 500m radius all around from the centre in terms of land use, materiality, open space ratios, green cover etc. These findings were overlaid and compared with the prior findings to generate a matrix and site selection layout. This resulted in six sites of interest being selected and these being designated for live, work or play functions. Outside of this the study helped identify small pockets where prototype interventions could be inserted.

Figure 37: Conceptual Sections (Author)

Basic ideas like lifting buildings up to open out the ground level; capping built height to match the surrounding street elevations; and sloping down terraces to connect to the ground can open up the whole context into one large readable and usable space.

Figure 38: Consolidated Map (Author)

Spillover design

Built design

Work

Overhead pass

Live

Play

Figure 39: Nolli Map (Author)

Built

Open

Water

Figure 40: Green blue Map (Author | Google)

Built

Green

Water

Figure 41: Transportation Map (Author | Google)

M60

Bus stop

Primary Rd.

Tram stop

Arterial Rd.

Secondary Rd.

Figure 42: Land Use Map (Author | Google)

Residential

Mixed-use

Parking

Commercial

Civic

Disused

Figure 43: Building Height Map (Author | Google)

8+ storey

5 storey

3 storey

6-7 storey

4 storey

1-2 storey

Figure 44: Architectural Style Map (Author | Google)

Listed

Similar to old

Olden <19

Unique >19

Conservation

Figure 45: Land Use matrix (Author)

Basin sites

Larger sites

Overhead pass

Movement

Canal

House boats

Event space Work

CANAL

Decks Air Bâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;nâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;B Playground

Cafes Jogging path Break

EDGES

Decks Gardens Social house

Cycling track Factories

Sports

FABRIC Affordable

LIVE

Coworking

WORK

Community

PLAY

The matrix is a tool kit of sorts to allocate land use to potential sites of development. It explores the three degrees of intervention and the three larger categories of typologies and this generates over 15+ varied uses that the context is lacking in.

5.3.SITE MODEL â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Sponge Basin principles require us to take a holistic view of a canal as an infrastructural water body embedded within the landscape. The realization of a Sponge Basin is regional in planning scope but requires landscape-based interventions at various scales - streets, open spaces, and buildings. The design demonstrates how dense urban areas can also contribute to the capacity of the canal by delaying, storing, and releasing runoff within courtyards, plazas, and linear parks that are creatively designed.â&#x20AC;?

Figure 46: Site in transition (Author)

The first model made broke down the site, study and goals. Two adjacent but distinct zones with self contained qualities begin to face increasing porosity in the barrier between them. The qualities swell outwards and merge to the extent that the barrier vanishes.

Figure 47: A collaborative model (Author)

SITE 4 SITE 3

SITE 5

SITE 2 SITE 6 SITE 1

Figure 48: Site identification (Author)

PLAY

WORK

LIVE

PLAY

LIVE

PLAY

Figure 49: Land use allocation (Author)

Figure 50: SW view of site model (Author)

Figure 51: SE view of site model (Author)

06 DESIGN

A DEVELOPMENT GUIDE: FILLING THE GAPS TO REVIVE A COMMUNITY

6.1.THE MASTERPLAN The development guide grows out of a master plan that provides relief along the canal. Sites are identified and analyzed. Then a design and construction process for each site is generated that is in tune with the context in terms of land ownership, materiality, scale, height etc. Using these approaches a design is envisioned and put forth the site to show how it could transform. The thesis looks at three sites to give an example of what approach need to be taken by urban planners and developers.

Green

Blue

Grey

MNC

Locals

MCC

Live

Work

Play

Figure 52: A vision (Author)

Rochdale Canal site

Ashton Basin site

Figure 53: Current masterplan (Author)

Port Street site

Ancoats Dispensary site

Central Retail Park site

Ashton Corridor site

Built

Paving

Current path

Water

Green cover

Sites

Community driven

Cafes and offices

Sports / recreation

Event space

Figure 54: Proposed masterplan (Author)

Factories / workshops

Co-working

Social housing units

Affordable housing

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

Events

6.2.SITE 1 : ROCHDALE CANAL Rochdale canal houses a basin at the eastern edge of the Northern Quarter. This site holds the potential to open up the Northern Quarter and act as a portal. Currently the site is a massive parking lot, with its potential being squandered away. The land use should be changed into community centric, with provision for green space. This can compensate for the lack of green cover in the context. The canal itself will be better used should the region around be modified to highlight its presence.

PLAY

1. Community use 2. Green space 3. Canal primary 1. Break site to continuing paths of access towards canal

2. Match the surrounding building heights and view levels

Figure 55: Bottom : Site 1 development guidelines (Author)

Surface parking lot

Community green space

3. Lift up building one level to open out lower floor plate

4. Break down ground plate into hard and soft landscaping

5. Identify roof potentials and movement pathways

Figure 56: Top : Site 1 before and after (Author)

Commercial

Residential

Commercial

Residential

Parking

Community 2

Community 1

Residential

Basin

Event

Park

Decks

Residential

Basin

Hotel

Residential

Park

Commercial

Figure 57: Site 1 proposed masterplan (Author)

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

DETAILS : BUILT PARKING - Height : G + 4 (or) 17.00 M

Extent : 34.50 M X 44.50 M

COMMUNITY 1 - Height : G + 2 (or) 11.00 M

Extent : 34.50 M X 21.50 M

COMMUNITY 2 - Height : G + 2 (or) 11.00 M

Extent : 36.50 M X 21.50 M

Existing materials Current ownership Current land use

Existing section

Proposed materials New ownership Change in land use

Proposed section

Figure 58: Site 1 proposed section (Author)

6.3.SITE 2 : ASHTON BASIN The Ashton basin is a unique parcel that is currently stuck in developmental terms. There is a vision to use the basin and surrounding space as a dock for house boats that act as co-working boats and Air bnbâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s. The newly restored hotel adjacent to it is keen to have an event space nearby that facilitates its own retail presence. The current car park that is nearby is a t a 3m drop and opening up its lower level will help create two levels of open spaces. The site can get more multi functional and active should the land use change.

WORK

1. Business use 2. Green space 3. Canal 2ndary 1. Bring in access lines to help divide site expanse

2. Match the surrounding platform and vantage point levels

Figure 59: Bottom : Site 2 development guidelines (Author)

Surface parking lot

Retail value generation

3. Lift up building one level to match canal surface height

4. Break down ground plate into hard and soft landscaping

5. Identify roof potentials and movement pathways

Figure 60: Top : Site 2 before and after (Author)

Commercial

Residential

Office

Residential

Basin Park

Parking

Event

Hotel

Hotel Commercial Parking

Figure 61: Site 2 proposed masterplan (Author)

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

DETAILS : BUILT PARKING - Height : G + 5 (or) 20.00 M

Extent : 34.50 M X 44.50 M

EVENT SPACES - Height : G + 1 (or) 08.00 M

Extent : 40.00 M X 40.00 M

OFFICE SPACES - Height : G + 1 (or) 08.00 M

Extent : 40.00 M X 40.00 M

Existing materials Current ownership Current land use

Existing section

Proposed materials New ownership Change in land use

Proposed section

Figure 62: Site 2 proposed section (Author)

6.4.SITE 3 : ASHTON CORRIDOR SITE 4 : ANCOATS DISPENSARY

The Ashton corridor site is a linear expanse of green that is divided by the tram line. By virtue of it being linear the stretch enjoys a continual canal edge. The residential developments on one side and retail on one side offer the site a chance to open itself up to both user groups. Day markets, recreational pockets and temporary event spaces dispersed along the stretch can activate the zone and revive the canal. Also, being a tram stop - the experience could be incorporated into the design.

Green expanse

PLAY

1. Informal use 2. Green space 3. Canal 2ndary Multi use center

Figure 63: Site 3 development (Author)

The Ancoats dispensary building failed to win the bid to be restored and there are now talks to convert the building into social housing. This conversation is taken forth in the thesis with the parking lot abutting the site being taken into consideration as well. The case study of the Holmes Rd Studios is reinterpreted in the planning of the site. The canal is used as a culmination point for the design, and the edges are opened up to the rest of the context, with the old building being the focal point.

Disused building

LIVE

1. Community 2. Gardens 3. Canal centric Social Housing

Figure 64: Bottom : Site 4 development (Author)

Mixed Use

Park

S. H 1

Event 1

Event 2

S. H 2

Commercial Basin

Parking

Park

Residential

Event 3

Figure 65: Site 3 and 4 proposed masterplan (Author)

Event 4

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

DETAILS : EVENT SPACE 1/2 - Height : G + 1 (or) 08.00 M EVENT SPACE 3/4 - Height : G + 1 (or) 08.00 M

Extent : 20.00 M X 62.50 M Extent : 15.00 M X 45.00 M

SOC. HOUSING 1 - Height : G + 3 (or) 12.00 M SOC. HOUSING 2 - Height : G + 2 (or) 09.00 M

Extent : 20.00 M X 82.50 M Extent : 13.00 M X 42.50 M

Existing materials Current ownership Current land use

Existing section

Proposed materials New ownership Change in land use

Proposed section

Figure 66: Site 4 proposed section (Author)

6.5.SITE 5 : CENTRAL RETAIL PARK SITE 6 : PORT STREET

The Central Retail Park is a large vacant parcel that is approximately 8.5 acres, situated north of the Great Ancoats street. Once home to the Toys â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Râ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Us property, the site is demolished and awaiting development plans. There are talks to incorporate offices, homes and retail features into the site. The chunk of land is the divider between the Islington Wharf and the rest of the city center and thus opening it up and creating pause points and connections to the water body will elevate the livability of the whole region.

LIVE WORK PLAY

1. Collaboration 2. Communities 3. Canal 2ndary Mixed use development

Figure 67: Site 5 development (Author)

Port street is flanked by three parking lots that are an eyesore and a waste of crucial real estate. The proximity to the canal and Ancoats road allows for the site to be a portal into the Northern Quarter from the north. The region requires breathing space for formal and informal sporting events and this location could provide exactly that. The addition of a green buffer to ease the transition from the main road into the neighborhood also adds variety and value to the community.

Parking lot

PLAY

1. Open space 2. Communities 3. Canal 2ndary Public plaza and events

Figure 68: Site 6 development (Author)

Basin

Hospital

Park School A. H 1

Park

A. H 2 Workshop 1

Workshop 2

Event Workshop 3

Mixed Use

Co-working

Workshop 4

Mixed Use

Figure 69: Site 5 proposed masterplan (Author)

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

DETAILS : WORKSHOP 1-4 - Height : G + 3 (or) 12.00 M MIXED USE1/2 - Height : G + 6 (or) 20.00 M

Extent : 22.50 M X 40.00 M Extent : 55.50 M X 40.00 M

AFF. HOUSE 1/2 - Height : G + 3 (or) 12.00 M CO - WORKING - Height : G + 6 (or) 20.00 M

Extent : 26.50 M X 60.00 M Extent : 50.00 M X 43.50 M

Existing materials Current ownership Current land use

Existing section

Proposed materials New ownership Change in land use

Proposed section

Figure 70: Site 5 proposed section (Author)

Commercial

Garden Mixed Use

Residential

Residential Event

Sport

Residential

Commercial

Mixed Use

Residential

Parking

Figure 71: Site 6 proposed masterplan (Author)

Basin

Built

Paving

Proposed path

Water

Green cover

Sites

DETAILS : PARKING - Height : G + 4 (or) 17.00 M

Extent : 38.00 M X 50.50 M

SPORTS - Height : G + 0 (or) 05.00 M

Extent : 32.00 M X 55.00 M

GARDEN - Height : G + 0 (or) 05.00 M

Extent : 38.50 M X 46.50 M

Existing materials Current ownership Current land use

Existing section

Proposed materials New ownership Change in land use

Proposed section

Figure 72: Site 6 proposed section (Author)

6.6. CANAL EDGE TREATMENT The canal edges vary in width and height along the site. The following are ways to deal with empty pockets along the canal, as seen in the Ashton canal proposals, and ways to deal with wide paving edges as seen in the Rochdale canal edges. Outside of incorporating cycling tracks and pedestrian pathways there is scope to create areas to sit, rest, interact, perform, exercise and to unwind. The following are a result of playing with surface treatments to demarcate zones, using green cover as buffers and orienting to the canal.

Self-Corralling

DIY Occupation

Figure 73: Rochdale canal edges (Author)

View-Philia Lizarding | Phototrophic behavior

Roosting | Liminal lingering Schooling

Entertainer

Backmosphere

Channeling

Figure 74: Ashton canal edges (Author)

Pitstopping

Noise Enjoys

La - Z - Joy

* Terminology generated by the Guardian, 01.09.2019 - SWA group â&#x20AC;&#x153;From lizarding to lingering: how we really behave in public spacesâ&#x20AC;?

6.7. STREET SECTIONS The varying width canal edge on the west of the site can act as a vantage point to observe the canal or open up as a multi lane cycle route and pedestrian path. This length of access currently lacks proper shade and appeal. The incorporation of artwork, signages, seating and street lighting along this strip can transform in into a simple and small scale promenade. The residents and working force can benefit from this open space on their free time and the soft landscaping will help the micro ecosystem.

2.0

0.5 1.0

2.0

1.0

2.0

1.0 0.7 1.0

1.3

2.0

0.5

Figure 75: Site 5 canal edge section (Author)

2.5

1.0

1.5

0.5 0.5

1.5

0.5

1.5

2.0

0.5

*Section generated using StreetMix : https://streetmix.net/

The road between the event space and the built development contains a central 7.0 M wide and linear strip than is designed to be multi purpose in use. The strip near the offices and workshops can become a place for pop-up food markets with stalls and trucks set up. The strip near the affordable housing and residences can be act as the open space for communal gatherings, and for children to play safely. The platform itself with trees on either edge transforms the strip into an avenue.

0.5

2.0

1.5

0.5

3.0

0.5 1.0

1.0

3.0

0.5

3.0

0.5 1.5

0.5

2.0

Figure 76: Site 5 inner road section (Author)

2.5

1.5

0.5

3.0

0.5 1.0

1.0

2.0

1.0

1.0 0.5

3.0

0.5 1.5

0.5

2.0

*Section generated using StreetMix : https://streetmix.net/

CONCLUSION

The need to better the context grew out of the comfort it was able to provide to me as a new comer to this city and this way of life. The hidden potentials along the canal, the sentiments associated with the region by the locals, and the intrinsic Mancunian quality housed within the 100 odd acres were aspects I wanted to highlight. Developers look at sites predominantly through the lens of monetary compensation and density generation. I hoped to balance this with a document that is more simple, basic and easily adaptable where modular infill architecture could replace the large parking lot that is the city fringe.

Figure 77: A new beginning (Author)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BOOKS AND DOCUMENTS 01.Abramsan. D. M., (2016). Obsolescence. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. 02.Alexander. C., (1977). A Pattern Language. New York: Oxford University Press. 03.Bolton. R. P., (1911). Building for Profit. New York: Devinne. 04.Brand. S., (1994). How Buildings Learn. New York: Penguin. 05.Cullen. G., (1961). Townscape. London: The Architectural Press. 06.Evans. R., (1997). Regenerating town centres. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 07.Greater London Housing Division., (1977). Policy for Inner Cities Cmnd 6845. London: HSMO. 08.Hayes. C., (2001). The Changing Face of Manchester. Derby: Breedon Publishing Co. Ltd. 09.Herrold. G. H., (1935). Obsolescence in cities. Planners Journal 1. No.4, 73. 10.Home. R. K., (1982). Inner City Regeneration. New York: E. & F. N. Spon. 11.James. H., (1907). The American Scene. New York: Penguin. 12.Kidd. A., (2006). Manchester: A history. Lancaster: Carnegie Publishing Ltd. 13.Parkinson. B. & John. J., (2000). Manchester: An Architectural History. Manchester: Manchester University Press. 14.Urbanistics., (1995). The Northern Quarter Regeneration Study. Manchester: Manchester City Council.

ONLINE DOCUMENTS 01.Amion Consulting., (2010). Impact of Historic Environment Regeneration [online]. Liverpool: English Heritage. [Viewed 22 January 2019]. Available from: https://historicengland.org.uk/content/heritage-counts/pub/impact-he-regeneration/ 02.English Heritage., (2013). Heritage Works [online]. London: Colourhouse. [Viewed 22 January 2019]. Available from: https://www.bpf.org.uk/sites/default/files/resources/Heritage-Works-2013.pdf 03.Great Britain. ODPM: Housing, Planning, Local Government and the Regions Committee., (2004). The Role of Historic Buildings in Urban Regeneration Volume 1, Report HC 47, 2003 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2004 [online]. London : By authority of the House of Commons. [Viewed 22 January 2019]. Available from: https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmselect/cmodpm/47/47.pdf 04.Local Government Association., (2018). Revitalizing Town Centres [online]. London: Local Government Association. [Viewed 22 October 2018]. Available from: https://www.local.gov.uk/revitalising-town-centres-handbook-council-leadership 05.Manchester City Council., (2003). Northern Quarter Development Framework [online]. Manchester: Manchester City Council. [Viewed 24 April 2019]. Available from: https://secure.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/500113/city_centre_regeneration

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06.Manchester City Council., (2007) East Manchester Strategic Regeneration Framework [online]. Manchester: Manchester City Council. [Viewed 24 April 2019]. Available from: https://www.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/download/5719/strategic_regeneration_framework_east 07.Manchester City Council., (2012). Manchesterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Local Development Framework [online]. Manchester: Manchester City Council. [Viewed 24 October 2018]. Available from: https://secure.manchester.gov.uk/info/200074/planning/1562/about_the_local_development_framework_ldf 08.Manchester City Council., (2017) Portland Street Strategic Regeneration Framework [online]. Manchester: Manchester City Council. [Viewed 24 April 2019]. Available from: https://secure.manchester.gov.uk/downloads/500113/city_centre_regeneration 09.Manchester School of Architecture., (2018). Northern Quarter?. [online]. Manchester: Issuu. [Viewed 1 January 2019]. Available from: https://issuu.com/msaarchitectureurbanism2017-18/docs/northern_quarter-_brochure 10.Paxton. F., (2016). The Manchester Miracle [online]. Manchester: City Metric. [Viewed 27 April 2019] Available from: https://www.citymetric.com/business/manchester-miracle-how-did-city-decline-become-poster-child-urban-regeneration-2402

WEBPAGES MEDIA

https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/return-prefab-could-flat-pack-14818763 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/property/ancoats-dispensary-heritage-lottery-fund-13794774 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/greater-manchester-spatial-framework-greenbelt-15634106 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/gary-neville-st-michaels-plans-14062317 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/social-housing-being-sold-rightmove-15324425 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/no-affordable-housing-being-built-14332101 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/manchester-city-centre-park-mayfield-14325952 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/greater-manchester-news/council-housing-could-built-manchester-15515683 https://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/property/new-islington-urban-splash-regeneration-15520086 https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/05/british-cities-developers-affordable-housing-manchester-sheffield https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2018/mar/06/the-0-city-how-manchester-developers-dodge-affordable-housing

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ISSUU

https://issuu.com/mariamortensen/docs/come_together_-__urban_co-housing_a https://issuu.com/hyunmin.park01/docs/book_20final https://issuu.com/studioweave/docs/living_closer_for_online_sharing_re https://issuu.com/ahmadfuadshafie/docs/book GOVERNMENT

https://pa.manchester.gov.uk/online-applications/spatialDisplay.do?action=display&searchType=Application https://secure.manchester.gov.uk/info/100007/homes_and_property/7638/manchester_housing_strategy/2 https://canalrivertrust.org.uk/enjoy-the-waterways/canal-and-river-network https://www.manchester.gov.uk/info/84/rehousing_applicants/4776/rehousing_policy https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20110118095359/http://www.cabe.org.uk/ https://www.britainfromabove.org.uk/en/image/EAW022001 FIRMS

https://wudl.co.uk/designs/ https://www.urbansplash.co.uk/regeneration/projects/new-islington https://www.urbansplash.co.uk/ http://www.peterbarberarchitects.com/holmes-road-studios\ http://alexandraandainsworth.org/ SOCIAL HOUSING

https://www.onemanchester.co.uk/housing/find-a-home/social-housing/allocation-policy https://homes.manchestermove.co.uk/choice/homes.aspx https://aha.adactushousing.co.uk/ https://www.greatplaces.org.uk/find-a-home?locality=Rochdale https://www.architecture.com/knowledge-and-resources/knowledge-landing-page/social-housing-100-years-on# EXTRA

http://manchesterhistory.net/manchester/ancoats/ancoatsintro.html https://urban-regeneration.worldbank.org/about

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