Sadržaj Predgovor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. Engleski jezik na državnoj maturi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 1.1. Struktura ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.2. Tehnički opis ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 1.3. Opis bodovanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 2. Upute i savjeti za rješavanje zadataka čitanja i slušanja . . . . . . . . . . 11 2.1. Osnovna razina ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.1.1. Vještina čitanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2.1.2. Vještina slušanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 2.2. Viša razina ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.1. Vještina čitanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 2.2.2. Vještina slušanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3. Vježbe čitanja i slušanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 3.1. Osnovna razina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 3.2. Viša razina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 4. Vještina pisanja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 4.1. Osnovna razina ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 4.1.1. Kriteriji za ocjenjivanje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 4.2. Viša razina ispita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 4.2.1. Kriteriji za ocjenjivanje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 4.2.2. Struktura eseja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 4.3. Vezna sredstva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 5. Dodaci . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 5.1. Vještina govorenja . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 5.2. Sažetak gramatike s vježbama . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 5.3. L jestvica za ocjenjivanje zadatka pisanja na engleskom jeziku (osnovna i viša razina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 5.4. Zapisi tekstova za slušanje . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 5.5. Rješenja zadataka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
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Predgovor Drage učenice, dragi učenici, pred vama se nalazi priručnik za pripremu ispita iz engleskoga jezika na državnoj maturi. Engleski je jezik jedan od tri obvezna predmeta na državnoj maturi i zbog toga mu trebamo posvetiti posebnu pozornost. Dosadašnji rezultati iz engleskoga jezika na državnoj maturi bili su među najboljima. To nas ne čudi jer se ispitom iz engleskoga jezika zapravo provjerava u kolikoj ste mjeri svladali vještine čitanja, slušanja i pisanja. Vještina se stječe vježbom, a što više vježbate, to ćete više razvijati određenu vještinu – slušanje, govorenje, čitanje i pisanje. U ovom ćete priručniku naći velik broj različitih zadataka koji će vam pomoći razviti ključne vještine. Uz to u priručniku ćete pronaći: • osnovne podatke o ispitu, primjerice od koliko se dijelova i zadataka sastoji, koliko traje, koliko bodova nosi koji dio ispita i dr. • opis svakoga pojedinog tipa zadatka na osnovnoj i višoj razini, te savjete za uspješno rješavanje • 100 zadataka čitanja i slušanja (50 za osnovnu i 50 za višu razinu) • opis zadatka pisanja na osnovnoj i višoj razini te savjete za uspješno rješavanje. Zadatke čitanja i slušanja podijelili smo u 10 tematskih cjelina (Relationships, Education, The Environment, Sports itd.). Svaka se cjelina sastoji od četiri zadatka čitanja i jednoga zadatka slušanja. Na višoj smo razini za prva dva zadatka čitanja koristili isključivo izvorne novinske članke engleskih i američkih autora. Budući da se radi o izvornim tekstovima, oni su malo teži od tekstova u zadacima čitanja u probnoj te prošlogodišnjoj državnoj maturi. Neka vas to ne uplaši. Važno je uvježbati način rješavanja zadataka. Kada jednom riješite zadatak, bilo bi dobro vratiti se na tekst i iskoristiti ga kao priliku za učenje. Pročitajte svaki tekst više puta sve dok vam rečenične i jezične strukture, koje su vam u početku možda bile teške, ne postanu lako razumljive. Zaokružite nove i zanimljive riječi i izraze i provjerite njihovo značenje i upotrebu u rječniku. Nikad ne znate, možda će se upravo neki od tih izraza pojaviti u pravom testu. Treći i četvrti zadatak čitanja pripada u skupinu zadataka Use of English. U njima se, osim razumijevanja smisla, provjerava i poznavanje vokabulara i gramatike. Svako od pitanja u tim zadacima prilika je za daljnje učenje. Kada dođete do zadatka u kojem se provjerava poznavanje komparacije pridjeva, iskoristite to kao priliku za ponavljanje čitave komparacije, nepravilnih oblika, komparacije s as...as itd. U tome će vam biti od pomoći sažetak gramatike koji se nalazi u Dodatku na kraju priručnika. U Dodatku ćete naći i savjete za uvježbavanje vještine govorenja. Budući da ta vještina još uvijek nije dio državne mature iz engleskoga jezika, ne možemo znati kako će ona točno izgledati. Zbog toga smo napravili malo istraživanje ne bismo li saznali kako izgleda ispit govorenja u nekim drugim ispitima te smo vam predstavili najčešće tipove zadataka. Ponudili smo i konkretne zadatke. Nadamo se da će vam ovaj priručnik biti vrijedan izvor znanja i vježbi u pripremi za maturu. Nemojte zaboraviti – practice makes perfect. Želimo vam puno uspjeha na ispitu! Autori
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Upute i savjeti za rješavanje zadataka čitanja i pisanja
2.1. Osnovna razina ispita 2.1.1. Vještina čitanja 1. zadatak (Task 1)
Engleski jezik Reading paper
Task 1 Questions 1-5
Read the messages (1-5). What is the main idea of each message? Choose from statements A-F. There is one letter you do not need. Mark your answer on the answer sheet. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 When you come to London, there’s no need for you to book into a hotel. You can sleep at my place. 1 You’re too young to get into the club, so you’ll have to go somewhere else this evening. 2 It’s not a good idea to go to Jack’s party. There’ll be trouble, I’m sure. I’m not going. Are you? 3 Let’s meet 15 minutes before school starts tomorrow. I’ve got something to tell you. 4 There’s a final training session on Thursday before Saturday’s match. If you’re not there, you’re out of the team. 5 We’re all meeting at 8. Please be there on time so we don’t miss the start of the film.
A Don’t be late.
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
0
g
H
g
H
X
1 2 3 5
B Come early. C You shouldn’t go there.
3
D You have to go there.
4
E You can’t go there.
5
F You can go there.
4
G Stay with me.
5
ENG B IK-1 D-S001
02
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Prvi zadatak u ispitnoj cjelini Čitanje na osnovnoj je razini zadatak povezivanja. Pročitat ćete pet kratkih obavijesti ili poruka koje zatim trebate povezati s rečenicama koje sažimaju njihovu osnovnu misao. Ovaj zadatak ispituje vaše razumijevanje osnovnoga smisla onoga što ste pročitali. Jedan će od ponuđenih odgovora biti suvišan. Strategija rješavanja zadatka 1. Pročitajte obavijesti i/ili poruke i podcrtajte ključne riječi, tj. riječi koje izriču glavnu misao. 2. Pročitajte ponuđene odgovore. 3. Ne tražite identične riječi – riječi u poruci i odgovoru neće biti jednake, ali će imati jednako ili slično značenje (npr. poruka: Book a table. – odgovor: Make a reservation). 4. Ako ključne riječi u poruci izriču jednaku ideju kao i odgovor, povežite broj poruke sa slovom odgovora. 5. Kada ste gotovi, pročitajte još jednom sve poruke i odgovore kako biste provjerili jeste li sve točno riješili. Primjere za ovaj tip zadatka naći ćete na stranicama 43., 48., 64., 70. i 76.
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2. zadatak (Task 2)
Engleski jezik
Engleski jezik
Reading paper
Reading paper
10 Hi
Task 2 Questions 6-10
Jack took me to this new fancy restaurant last night. First we paid £10 for the car-park and then £90 for an ordinary dinner. Never again! Next time we’ll have a romantic dinner for £40 in a local pub. Lena
You will read five emails. For each question (6-10), choose the correct answer, A, B or C. Mark your answer on the answer sheet.
6 Hi
I’ve got a place on the course in Madrid! It’s my dream to learn Flamenco dancing from professionals. And I’ll have some free time to go round the Prado and see those paintings by Velasquez and Goya. I hope I’ll improve my Spanish when I’m there, too. Jeff
7 Hi
I’m back from my holidays. I had a great time, but the weather was terrible. It didn’t actually rain, but it was really cold because of the wind. Can you imagine a two-week holiday with no sun? See you tomorrow. Bye. Peter
8 Hi Linda
The exams are finally over! I think I did okay on the maths exam but the French exam was harder than I expected, so I’m rather concerned about the final result. Jemma
9 I’m going out this evening. Do you want to
come with me? I’m meeting some friends at the café at around 8. We might go and see a film. And there’s a good music shop near there where you can get that CD you want. Interested? Daniel
What is Jeff going to study in Spain? A Spanish. B Dance. C Art.
What was the weather like on Peter’s holiday? A It was rainy. B It was sunny. C It was windy.
How does Jemma feel? A She is satisfied. B She is surprised. C She is worried.
Why is Daniel going out this evening? A To see some friends. B To see a film. C To go to the shops.
A £10. B £40. C £90.
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
A. B. C. D.
ENG B IK-1 D-S001
ENG B IK-1 D-S001
01
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How much was the restaurant bill?
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01
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Drugi je zadatak zadatak višestrukog izbora. Pročitat ćete pet kratkih obavijesti, poruka ili članaka i odgovoriti na po jedno pitanje za svaki tekst. Ponuđena su tri moguća odgovora za svako pitanje – A, B ili C, ali samo je jedan odgovor točan. Ovaj zadatak ispituje razumijevanje specifičnih informacija u tekstu. Strategija rješavanja zadatka 1. Letimično pročitajte cijeli tekst da saznate o čemu govori. 2. Pročitajte pitanja i podcrtajte ključne riječi. Još uvijek ne čitajte ponuđene odgovore A, B, C. 3. Pronađite dijelove teksta koji odgovaraju na pitanja i podcrtajte ključne riječi u tekstu. 4. Pročitajte ponuđene odgovore A, B, C i pronađite onaj koji je najbliži vašem odgovoru. Ovdje trebate pripaziti. Vjerojatno ćete u tekstu naići na informacije koje odgovaraju svim ponuđenim rješenjima, ali samo je jedan ponuđeni odgovor točan. 5. U tekstu potražite razloge zašto nijedan drugi ponuđeni odgovor ne može biti točan. Više je mogućih razloga: informacije iz odgovora ne spominju se u tekstu, ili u tekstu piše upravo suprotno od onoga što piše u ponuđenom odgovoru, ili informacije postoje u tekstu, no nisu odgovor na postavljeno pitanje. Primjere za ovaj tip zadatka naći ćete na stranicama 32., 43., 48., 58., 64., 71. i 81.
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VjeŞbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
3
4
5
A
A agreed B refused C protested
B C A
A mistaken B right C wrong
B C A
A like B such as C as
B C
Task 4 Complete the text. For questions 1-5, write one word for each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). My Grandma My grandma is the best person I (0) have ever known. She is kind, calm and helpful. She looked after me when I was a child and my parents were (1) _______ work. We played (2) _______ lot. We cooked and baked cakes together. She even made toys for me. Today my grandma helps (3) _______ with my homework. But she is getting older, so I have (4) _______ help her more. I buy her groceries and help her clean the house. We still spend lots of time together, watching TV and playing games. I hope that one day I (5) _______ be as good a grandma to someone as she is to me. 0 1 2 3 4 5
have _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
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Task 5 You will hear a conversation between two friends, John and Sophie. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer, A, B or C. You will hear the conversation twice. 1 John’s friend Dave has many A talents. B friends. C jobs. 2 Who might be interested in meeting him? A Sophie’s sister. B Sophie’s friend. C Sophie’s cousin. 3 Alice, John and Sophie… A work together. B went to school together. C play tennis together. 4 Alice likes… A basketball. B athletics. C tennis. 5 At the moment Alice is… A out of town. B at a match. C at a concert.
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A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
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Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
Role Models Task 1 Read about Isabelle Alcorn. For questions 1-5, complete the form with one or two words in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). My Famous Great-Grandaunt Whenever I see great dancers, I remember my great-grandaunt Isabelle, or “The Swan” as she was called in press all around the world. She died 10 years before I was born, but I grew up listening to stories about her. Her passion, determination and courage have always been an inspiration to me. Although Isabelle spent most of her life in France, she was born in her father’s homeland, Ireland. She showed an early interest in music, singing and dancing. Her mother, who taught music at a primary school in Paris, encouraged her gift. Isabelle studied art history to please her father, but she continued to practise dance. At the same time, she never forgot her second great love, singing. She sang in a church choir, and from time to time got small roles in operettas. But it was dance that she was truly passionate about. She dreamed about meeting the American dancer Isadora Duncan, whom she greatly admired. In her second year of college, she went on a tour with the local dance group. During one of the performances she was noticed by an agent, and was invited to study dance at a famous dance studio in Paris. The rest is history. To popularize dance and make people’s lives more beautiful, Isabelle often gave free performances in squares and parks. People loved her. They described her as “our sweet Isabelle” and “our pride and joy”.
0 1 2 3 4 5
Profession: dancer Nationality: _____________ Mother’s profession: _____________ Role model: _____________ Hobby: _____________ Nickname: _____________
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39
Task 2 Read this article. For each question (1-5), choose from A-G to complete the sentences. There is one letter you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0). The World Comes Together Over the last few years we have seen many impressive charity concerts, but none of them can compare with Live 8. This event took place on (0) B , in 10 cities simultaneously. More than 1,000 musicians played on stages across the world. The aim of the concerts was to ask the governments of the rich countries to provide more financial help (1)_____, especially Africa. People (2)_____ were asked to sign a list, which was later presented to politicians and world leaders. The main Live 8 concert was at Hyde Park in London, (3)_____. It was the biggest show in Hyde Park’s history. Many famous bands and artists – among them Madonna, Robbie Williams, Mariah Carey and members of Pink Floyd – (4)_____ to perform and help the cause. There were also some special guests. (5)_____ Bill Gates, who made a speech.
A in front of over 200,000 people B July 2, 2005 C one of them was D who came to the concerts E for the world’s poorest nations F who sang at the concert G accepted the invitation
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46
Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
3
4
5
A
A boundary B border C limit
B C A
A tour B break C visit
B C A
A luggage B bags C backpacks
B C
Task 4 Complete the text about the University of Oxford. For questions 1-5, write one word for each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). The University of Oxford The University of Oxford is (0) the oldest university in the United Kingdom. According to legend, it (1)_____ founded in 872 by king Alfred the Great, (2)_____ met some monks there, and they had a debate that lasted for days. In reality, we don’t know when exactly, and by whom, (3)_____ university was established. However, we do know that it grew rapidly in the 12th century, when the English king ordered all English students in France (4)_____ return home. Oxford University is not only one of the UK’s best universities, (5)_____ also one of the top universities in the world. 0 1 2 3 4 5
the _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
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47
Task 5 You will hear five phone messages. What is the main message of each speaker? Match the statements (A-F) with each message (1-5). There is one letter you do not need. You will hear the recording twice. A Come to see me. B Bring me something. C Do your homework. D Remember to come. E Get well soon. F I’m sorry.
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1
A
B
C
D
E
F
2
3
4
5
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Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
Science Task 1 Read the messages (1-5). What is the main idea of each message? Choose from statements A-F. There is one letter you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0 1 2 3 4 5
I can’t wait for you to see my science project! Do you want to come to the planetarium with me? Could you give me a hand with my Chemistry homework? Look out! That chemical element is rather dangerous. Only registered scientists can enter this laboratory. That book about Nikola Tesla was amazing! Check it out.
A B C D E F G
Help me. Keep out. Buy it. Read it. Join me. Be careful. Expecting you.
A
0
B
C
D
E
F
G
2
3
4
5
1
X
Task 2 You will read five e-mails. For each question (1-5), choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 I’m so excited! My experiment was a success! You should have seen it – it was like magic! The secret is in the timing: calcium needs to be added before sodium and after chlorine. I can’t wait for you to come here so we can talk about it. See you! John
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What element did John put in first? A Sodium. B Calcium. C Chlorine.
A B C
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2 Hi Jamie, I need some help with my science project. I’ve been trying to find the information I need on the Internet, but without much success. Do you know anything about Nikola Tesla’s origins? I have information about his inventions, his home town and his research, but this is still missing. Thanks! Jeremy 3 Hi, Have you heard the news about the latest NASA mission? There’s been an explosion and the astronauts are in danger! Something went wrong with their oxygen supply. I hope they’ll be OK. They still have to take soil and water samples from Mars, as well as some photos.
What information about Nikola Tesla does Jeremy need? A His inventions. B His research. C His origins.
What do the astronauts have problems with?
A B C
A B
A Oxygen supplies. B Taking soil samples. C Taking photographs.
C
4 Hi, I’ve just read about the research that found out that music helps memory and learning. And you know how I’ve always told you that I study better while listening to my favourite music. Mum always says that listening to music can only distract me and make me forget what I’ve learned, but I guess those scientists can’t be wrong… Rory
What do scientists say about the influence of music?
A
5 Hi Mirna, I haven’t been writing to you lately because I’ve been at a science camp. I’m having a great time learning new things. Last week we drove to a research centre in a nearby town where we met real doctors and scientists. There was also a real astronaut staying with us for a couple of days. It was great! More in my next e-mail. Love, Zoe
Who visited the science camp?
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A It distracts people from studying. B It helps people to remember. C It helps people to forget.
A Real doctors. B Real scientists. C A real astronaut.
B C
A B C
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Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
Task 2 Read the article about a famous zoologist, Dian Fossey. For questions 1-5 choose from A-G to complete the sentences. There is one letter you do not need. There is an example at the beginning (0). Dian Fossey – a Woman of the Forest Dian Fossey, a famous American zoologist, was born in San Francisco, California, in 1934. As a child, she didn’t have many pets – only a goldfish for a short period. When it died, (0) E . Fossey graduated from university and became an occupational therapist (helping sick and injured people to get back to work). After a trip to Africa, (1)_____, a famous anthropologist, she became interested in the life of mountain gorillas. In 1967, Fossey began observing gorillas in the Congo, but one year later she moved to Rwanda, where she started the Karisoke Research Centre. She lived there for almost 18 years among the gorillas, (2)_____. She was able to sit with them and play with them and their young. She made notes of everything she saw. We now know much more about gorillas’ behaviour and their relationship to humans (3)_____. National Geographic Magazine published an article about her and her work with a picture of a gorilla touching her hand on the front cover. This brought her publicity and helped her (4)_____ and save them from extinction. Her book “Gorillas in the Mist” was made into a movie and it helped tell her story (5)_____. In 1985 she was killed in her cabin in the forest when she returned from watching her gorillas. A and they accepted her as one of their own B as a result of her work C campaign to protect the mountain gorillas D earn more money for her projects E she was not allowed to get another one F to millions of people around the world G where she met Dr. Louis Leakey
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0
A
B
C
D
E
1
2
3
5
G
4
X
F
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Task 3 Read the text. For each gap (1-5), choose the correct answer, A, B or C. There is an example at the beginning (0). Climate Change and You – What You Can Do at School The Earth’s climate is changing. In most places, average temperatures are (0) B . Most of this recent warming is very likely the result of human activities. Students, teachers and schools can all (1)_____ an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 1 Power down your classroom Remember to (2)_____ off computers, lights, and other devices that use energy when no one is in the classroom. 2 Find out how much power your school uses Schools that do not care about the climate use three times more energy (3)_____ schools that try to save energy. 3 Reduce, reuse, and recycle Reducing, reusing and recycling at school and in the classroom helps (4)_____ energy, minimize pollution, and reduce greenhouse gases. You can reduce, reuse and recycle at school or in the classroom (5)_____ using two-sided printing and copying, buying things made with recycled material, and recycling used electronics and printer cartridges. 0
1
2
A growing B rising C falling
A play B do C act
A put B set C turn
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A B
X
C A B C A B C
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Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
3
4
5
A from B then C than
A spread B save C spend
A with B by C so
A B C A B C A B C
Task 4 Complete the e-mail from Chris. For questions 1-5, write one word for each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). Dear Mum and Dad, It is amazing how fast time goes by here in the jungle. We arrived here two weeks (0) ago but it feels as if it was yesterday. Every day here is different. Sometimes we just walk through the jungle looking (1)_____ the gorillas to take photos of them. I have a great photo of a female gorilla sitting in the tall grass. Sometimes we stay at the campsite and help the local people, who (2)_____ very poor. Good thing that Mum made me bring extra clothes – I gave (3)_____ all away. And although the people here are poor, they say (4)_____ the gorillas are worth more than diamonds to them. Did you know that (5)_____ are only 700 or so mountain gorillas left in the entire world – and I took a picture of one of them! Isn’t that something amazing? I have to go now, but I’ll write again soon. Love, Chris 0 1 2 3 4 5
ago _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
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Task 5 You will hear information about the Phillip Island Nature Park in Australia. For questions 1-5, choose the correct answer A, B or C. You will hear the information twice. 1 The nature park is A 90 years old. B 70 years old. C 50 years old. 2 The most popular attraction is A koalas. B penguins. C farm animals. 3 The cheapest way to stay on the island is A on a campsite. B in a cottage. C in a hotel. 4 Best-value tickets are available for A children. B students. C families. 5 For more information, you should send an SMS to your operator with the following code A PAKPF. B GPIKPF. C JPIKPF.
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A B C A B C A B C A B C A B C
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Vježbe – OSNOVNA RAZINA
Trends Task 1 You will read five e-mails. For each question (1-5), choose the correct answer, A, B or C. 1 Hi, Do you remember the camcorder I told you about? I looked it up on Google and found reviews from people who had bought that particular model. I’m glad I didn’t buy it when I saw it in a shop last week, because the majority of posts were quite negative. One post was written by a woman who bought it after seeing an advertisement on TV. She said that it broke down after just a day of using it! Chris
Where did Chris first see the camcorder? A On TV. B On the Internet. C In a shop.
C
2 Jen, I’m so excited about our weekend trip to that new wellness centre! We were thinking of collecting you at around 3 pm, but thought it would be a good idea to visit mum before we set off. Could you be ready one hour earlier, at 2 pm? There’ll be enough room in the car for everyone’s luggage, even though there are 5 of us going. Nancy
When should Jen be ready to leave?
A
A At 2 pm. B At 3 pm. C At 5 pm.
C
3 Hi there, Have you joined friendconnect.com yet? We could share photos and talk through the chat option. I’ve got some fantastic holiday photos taken this summer in Spain. I met a guy called Stephan over there. He was born in Vienna but actually lives in Paris. He’s great, and really good-looking, too! Have a look at the photos on my profile page, and you’ll see what I mean. Anita
Where did Anita meet Stephan?
A
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A In Vienna. B In Spain. C In Paris.
A B
B
B C
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4 Hi Josh I’ve decided: I’m going to spend Easter holidays in Riga, the capital of Latvia. The city’s becoming more and more popular as a tourist destination. I’ve heard food and drink is expensive but good, while accommodation is quite cheap. However, I was attracted mainly by cheap airline tickets. It’s cheaper to fly to Riga than to another city within England! I’m really looking forward to this trip. Stephen
Why did Stephen choose Riga?
5 Hi, Have you thought about what we could buy for Sean’s birthday? I suppose we should buy him a computer game, as that is the only activity he seems to be into nowadays. What do you suggest? If I remember correctly, he’s got a Playstation 3. He used to have an Xbox, so it would be a mistake if we bought him a game for that. I think he doesn’t have a Wii, but I don’t know for sure. I’ll try to find out. Lucy
Sean probably doesn’t have a(n)
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A Because it is cheap to travel there. B Because it is a popular destination. C Because it is a cheap city.
A Xbox. B Wii. C Playstation 3.
A B C
A B C
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Vježbe – VIŠA RAZINA
1
A B C D
present represent play for take part
A B C D
2
A B C D
before after soon later
A B C D
3
A B C D
supported shouted cheered approved
A B C D
4
A B C D
for about because of of
A B C D
5
A B C D
is has been was had been
A B C D
6
A B C D
Although While Despite Even though
A B C D
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7
A B C D
A
the a that these
B C D
8
A B C D
A
that which whom whose
B C D
Task 4 Read and complete the text below. Fill each space (1-8) with one word. There is an example at the beginning (0). Chocolate-Wrapper Crazy Most of (0) us would admit we love the taste of chocolate, but Martin Mihal of the Czech Republic proudly boasts his passion (1)_____ chocolate wrappers. Martin has over 40,000 different wrappers in his collection. He has gathered them from (2)_____ as far away as Oman, Japan and Uzbekistan. In 1989, at the (3)_____ of nine, he had already begun to collect stamps, but he wanted to collect something different. One day, he was given a couple of chocolate bars from Switzerland whose wrappers were far more attractive (4)_____ those found in Czechoslovakia at the time – and so his collection started. Over the years, the collection steadily increased. The arrival of the Internet enabled Martin to get in (5)_____ with others who have the same hobby. By 1999, Martin had created (6)_____first version of his chocolate wrapper website which shows photographic images of the wrappers and provides options for potential donations to help Martin enhance his collection. Martin says there are a variety of ways (7)_____ build the collection – through friends, exchanges, buying chocolate on holiday, and even directly contacting the chocolate manufacturers. So, the next time you unwrap a chocolate bar, ready to throw it (8)_____, spare a thought for Martin, who would gladly take the wrapper from you.
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Vježbe – VIŠA RAZINA
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
us _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________ _________________________
Task 5 You will hear people speaking in eight situations. For each situation (1-8), choose the correct answer, A, B or C. You will hear each recording twice. 1 You overhear a man talking to a friend about football. Why doesn’t the man go to the stadiums to watch matches? A The players are overpriced. B The ticket prices are too high. C He prefers to watch matches on television. 2 You hear a woman talking about a community sports centre. At first, how did people feel about the centre? A They were very impressed by all the facilities. B They felt there was a need for some improvement. C They thought the centre had excellent customer service. 3 You hear a man talking about boxing. What was the main reason why the man ended his career? A The fame was too difficult to handle. B He didn’t see his family very often. C He was concerned about his health. 4 You hear a man talking about exercising. How did he feel about physical education at school? A He thought it was fun. B He was frustrated. C It helped him with self-confidence.
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A B C A B C A B C A B C
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5 You hear a woman talking about parachute jumping. What do many people who have taken a parachute jump say about the sport? A It can be dangerous. B It’s important to listen to your instructor. C It’s an extraordinary experience. 6 You overhear a woman talking about yoga. How did the woman feel about sport before she tried yoga? A She loved the competitiveness. B She found all kinds of sport boring. C She only enjoyed peaceful sports. 7 You hear a man giving a sports report. According to the journalist, what was the losing player’s reason for the defeat? A He wasn’t familiar with the weather. B He was intimidated by the crowd. C He was too inexperienced. 8 You hear a coach talking about running a marathon. According to the coach, what is the most important thing when preparing for a marathon? A To have enough mental preparation. B To have enough physical preparation. C To always know where the boundaries are.
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A B C
A B C
A B C
A B C
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DODACI
5.2. Sažetak gramatike s vježbama 1. Nouns (imenice)
Nouns are words we use to name physical things, abstract ideas, actions and events. The names of people and places are also nouns. Proper nouns are names: Mary, London, Ireland, Jupiter, Microsoft. Common nouns are all nouns that are not proper nouns. Concrete nouns refer to physical things: chair, apple, Jane, building, juice. Abstract nouns refer to ideas, qualities and feelings: difference, darkness, love. Collective nouns refer to a group of objects: group, team, herd. Exercise 1 Add two more nouns to each group of nouns above.
1.1. Countable and uncountable nouns
Countable nouns denote things we can count. They have both a singular and a plural form. They can combine with numbers and quantifiers. I saw a man. – I saw two men / a few men. There is one bedroom in the house. – There are three / many bedrooms in the house. Uncountable nouns denote things we cannot count. They take a singular verb. These nouns do not come with indefinite articles, because a/an means one. My love for you is infinite. I enjoy fresh air. The meat is ready. Are you hungry? How many is used with countable nouns, and how much is used with uncountable nouns. How many bags do you have with you? How much baggage do you have with you? Some nouns can be used both as countable and uncountable. Jamie had many horrifying experiences as a waitress. This position requires some experience. My grandmother had a good life. Life is a complicated affair.
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Be careful! Some words that are countable in Croatian are uncountable in English, for example information, news, advice, evidence. He gave me some information. NOT an information or informations The news is good. NOT The news are good. Let me give you a piece of advice. NOT an advice or a few advices We have no evidence. NOT evidences
1.2. Plural of nouns
Countable nouns can be singular or plural. The plural form of most nouns is formed by adding -s or -es: table + -s tables boy + -s boys Nouns ending in -f or -fe, often change -f into -v: knife + -s knives leaf + -s leaves Nouns ending in -ch, -sh, -ss, -o and -x normally take -es: watch + -es watches dish + -es dishes kiss + -es kisses potato + -es potatoes box + -es boxes Nouns ending in a consonant and a -y change y into i: factory + -es factories BUT Kennedy + -es Kennedys Some nouns have irregular plural forms which have to be learnt by heart. deer – deer man – men child – children tooth – teeth Also, there are nouns that have kept their original Latin/Greek plural forms. phenomenon – phenomena medium – media crisis – crises fungus – fungi
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DODACI
Exercise 2 Form the plurals of the following nouns. Regular plural
Irregular plural
river – hat – switch – bus – strawberry – baby – party – play – thief – roof – hero –
woman – foot – goose – fish – sheep – ox – mouse – cactus – thesis – criterion – medium –
Be careful! There are nouns that have a plural form, but take a singular verb: The today’s news is very bad. I think gymnastics is really fun. There are also nouns which are singular when we think of them as groups and plural when we think of the individuals acting within the whole (collective nouns). We can use them with both singular and plural verb. The jury has been chosen. The jury came in and took their seats.
1.3. The possessive form (genitive)
To make the possessive form of a noun, we add ’s to the noun: Janet’s house my laptop’s bag a hard day’s work Harry and Meg’s parents When a singular noun already ends in -s, we normally add ’s: Charles’s book My boss’s car After a plural noun ending in -s, we add just an apostrophe: our parents’ hometown
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the Johnsons’ children
The possessive form can also be expressed using the “of phrase”. We normally use the possessive with people and animals, and the “of phrase” with things. my mother’s necklace the dog’s basket the beaches of the Adriatic the beginning of the week Sometimes we can use either form. the house of the President or the President’s house The double possessive consists of an “of phrase” and a possessive case of a noun. Compare: the picture of my father (a picture of an old man) the picture of my father’s – double possessive (the picture my father owns) Be careful! It’s my birthday today. – a short version of It is. This is Janet’s book. – the possessive case I just love hats. – plural of hat
Exercise 3 Use an apostrophe where necessary. 1. My brothers car is very old. 2. That notebook is Johns. 3. Tom and Janes new house is huge. 4. The Chambers new baby is really cute. 5. Marys baby brother is only two. 6. Rebeccas dream is to open a clothing shop. 7. We had such great fun on New Years Eve.
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