The Progressive Rancher - July/August 2015 by The Progressive Rancher

NCA 2009 Presidentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Award Recipient

In this Issue... Riding for the NCA Brand................ 3

NRRC.............................................. 24

Nevada Cattlemen’s Assn................. 5

Battle Mt verse Ranchers................. 28

NRRC................................................ 8 Eye on the Outside.......................... 10

Press Release............................ .......30 Kentucky Bluegrass .......................32

NV CattleWomen............................ 12 Look Up........................................... 35 Fumes from the farm...................... 14 Gascon............................................ 36 Talking about NCBA ....................... 15 NV Farm Bureau ............................ 16 Mind of the Millennial .....................19

ELKO FEDERAL CREDIT UNION • Share Draft Accounts • Timeshare Certificates • ATM Cards/Debit Cards • IRAs • Visas

• Consumer Loans • Money Orders • Share Savings Accounts • Free Notary

Yellow Starthistle

...................... 40

Humboldt Watershed .................... 44

Beef Checkoff.................................. 20

Ramblings ...........................................46

Nevada FFA..................................... 22

Edward Jones Financial Focus ........47

The Progressive Rancher Owner/Editor/Publisher – Leana Stitzel progressiverancher@elko.net

Graphic Design/Layout/Production – Joshua Rinard Josh@LifeSpringDesign.com

Cover Photo: by Katarina Sutphin Crowley Ranch Ontario OR Published 9 times each year, The Progressive Rancher is mailed to more than 7,000 approved addresses, and has digital and print readership reaching more than 30,000. The Progressive Rancher is published monthly. The views and opinions expressed by writers of articles appearing in this publication are not necessarily those of the editor. Letters of opinion are welcomed by The Progressive Rancher.

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Rates for advertising are available upon request. Advertising in The Progressive Rancher does not necessarily imply editorial endorsement. Liability for any errors or omissions in advertisements shall not exceed the cost of the space occupied by the error or omission. The Progressive Rancher is free to people working and active in the livestock industry. The Progressive Rancher is donated to the agricultural industry. If you are not currently receiving this magazine on a regular basis, and would like to be a part of The Progressive Rancher family, contact us by e-mail at progressiverancher@elko.net, today, so we can include you on our mailing list. If you have moved or changed addresses, please notify us, by e-mail, so we can keep you informed. All requests for the magazine must be made by e-mail.

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Habitat Restoration Projects

Ron Torell, President Nevada Cattlemen’s Association and Carol Evans, Elko District, Bureau of Land Management with Assistance from All Cooperating Partners

e hear a lot about the need for habitat res- Susie, Willow/Rock and toration and preserving landscapes for Salmon Falls River drainthe Greater Sage-Grouse (GRSG), Lahon- age basins. tan Cutthroat Trout, and other potentially Through this monthly threatened species such as the pygmy rab- column our hope is to upbit. Often we hear about the negatives to our landscape such date those involved in the as fire, invasive plants and degraded watersheds and riparian Nevada Livestock indusareas. The authors of this paper agreed there are many posi- try about the issues NCA tive projects occurring that need to be highlighted and brought is working on to fulfill to the attention of not only agriculturists but the general public our mission of promoting, as well. This article, along with the various sidebar stories and preserving and protectphotos, are an attempt to do just that - showcase the positive ing a dynamic and profitthings that are occurring on our landscape in a cooperative able Nevada beef industry. and collaborative way between private landowners, permittees, Habitat restoration of our Rhonda and Mitch Heguy, Blue Basin Allotment, 4-9-12. federal and state agencies, and conservation organizations. rangelands and watersheds Perhaps more than any other feature on the landscape, riparian areas is obviously necessary to sustain our landscape and our industry. Should illuminate both positive and negative land use practices. A riparian area you like to visit with NCA staff or officers in person feel free to contact NCA is the interface between land and water and often appears as a “ribbon of at 775-738-9214 or my NCA e-mail address ncapresident@nevadabeef.org green” along a stream or other waterbody. Degraded riparian habitats are characterized by eroding stream banks, drying floodplains and a loss of desirable native plant species. Conversely, healthy riparian areas support stable well vegetated stream banks, hydrated floodplains and resilient plant communities. Managing for healthy, functional riparian habitats is important because of the vital ecological services healthy systems provide. Riparian habitats in “proper functioning condition” dissipate the energy of flowing water (thus reducing flood damage), filter sediment, recharge groundwater supplies and provide critically important habitat for many species of wildlife. Because conditions in the surrounding watershed affect streamflow and Creek, Blue Basin Allotment, BLM Stream Susie Creek, Blue Basin Allotment, BLM Stream sediment events, livestock management practices that benefit the Susie Survey Station S-9, looking upstream. 10-27-78. Survey Station S-9, looking upstream. 5-15-15. entire watershed tend to be most effective. In Nevada, most federally Stream and riparian habitat conditions are poor Since implementation of rotational grazing practices in this area starting in 2008, Susie Creek is administered grazing allotments include watersheds comprised of as shown by a poorly defined channel and a drying floodplain. Most of the riparian vegetation on the narrower and deeper and streambanks are stable mixed public and private lands making a collaborative and coopera- floodplain is comprised of Kentucky bluegrass and and well vegetated. The floodplain is much wetother shallow-rooted species typical of a lack of ter now and supports wetland plant species over a tive approach to livestock management especially important. broad area. Note the area of new floodplain develThere are a number of collaborative livestock management proj- persistent soil moisture. oping between the stream channel and the terrace ects focused on improving riparian areas and uplands on both public slope to the right. and private lands in Northeastern Nevada. Some of these projects have been in place for more than 25 years. All share a common vision of restoring healthy functional streams as well as stable, well vegetated uplands. In many cases, success has been achieved through partnerships developed among the ranching industry, the Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Nevada Department of Wildlife, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the mining industry, the Nevada Department of Agriculture and conservation organizations such as Trout Unlimited. A prime example of these collaborative livestock management projects is highlighted in the sidebar story featuring the Heguy Ranch and is accompanied by several before and after photos which clearly Spring complex adjacent to Susie Creek, Blue Basin Ron Torell and Mitch Heguy standing at the same show fascinating results over time. Accompanying future Riding for Allotment. 10-27-78. High levels of trampling and spring complex on 5-5-15. After seven years of rocompaction from concentrated livestock use limits in- tational grazing management, the spring complex is the NCA Brand articles will be other examples of collaborative water- filtration and reduces the ability of this area to capture saturated at the surface and wetland plant species such as sedges and rushes are expanding into adjashed-level restoration efforts underway in allotments in the Maggie, and store water. cent uplands.

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July/August 2015 3

ong-time Nevada ranching family, Mitch and Rhon- Basin as whole, da Heguy and their son, Joe, run cattle on the Blue riparian vegetaBasin Allotment, located just north of Elko, Ne- tion increased by vada. The allotment encompasses about 37,000 over 100 acres, acres of public lands in the Elko District of the beaver dams inBureau of Land Management (BLM) and about 13,000 acres of creased from zero private lands. Included in the allotment are the headwaters of to 139, aerial exSusie Creek, an important recovery area for Lahontan Cutthroat tent of open waTrout, a federally listed threatened species under the Endangered ter increased by Species Act (ESA), as well as important habitat for the Greater over 20 acres and Sage-Grouse, a candidate species for listing under the ESA. length of wetted Beginning in about 2005, the Heguy family began working with BLM stream increased and other partners to improve fisheries and wildlife habitats through- by almost three out the allotment. Their approach to livestock grazing on public lands is miles. Excludbased on partnerships, collaboration and restoration at a watershed scale. ing the effects of Aspen stand, Blue Basin Allotment, post-wildfire, 5-15-15. RegeneraFollowing a large wildfire in 2006, the Heguy family received funding wildfire and pre- tion of aspen suckers in the Blue Basin Allotment following wildfire in through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Partners for Fish and Wildlife cipitation, con- 2006 has been excellent. A difference in regeneration of burned aspen between fenced and unfenced areas is not discernable as a result of sucprogram to assist them with drilling and aerially seeding burned areas servation grazing cessful grazing practices. Mitch Heguy is standing in the photo. at risk for cheatgrass infestations. Under this cost share program, na- practices were also tive grasses and forbs found to account for a 32% increase in photosynthetic activity within the were preserved, esriparian zone. In addition, well monitoring data has shown increases in “we have been blessed to have a resource team pecially in the upper shallow aquiitive changes realized in the Blue Basin Allotment have taken that is committed to working with us to develop elevations. In 2011, place through improved cattle grazing management rather than through an grazing plans that are workable; the teamwork Mitch and Rhonda exclusion of grazing or through a reduction in cattle numbers. The Heguys and an open dialogue have been invaluable”. again worked with note that although they spend more time riding and distributing cattle the Partners Proand placing supplement gram to install a water development to draw cattle away from sensi- tubs to draw cattle to tive riparian areas and to better distribute the cattle on uplands. the uplands, they feel In 2008, the Heguy family worked with BLM to construct a pasture in this investment in effort the upper reaches of the Susie Creek drainage. The pasture includes both pri- pays off in the long run. vate and public sections and has enabled control of both timing and duration Once conditions start of grazing on the principal riparian acres. Mitch Heguy feels this one change to improve, modifying has allowed better cattle grazing patterns leading to an overall healthier management prescripcondition throughout the entire allotment. From the perspective of reestab- tions becomes easier. lishing Lahontan Cutthroat Trout into the Susie Creek drainage, improveClearly, the collabment in functionality of headwater areas is critical to downstream habitat. orative, partnership Energy is dissipated at the top of the watershed reducing potential for down- based approach taken stream flooding, while development of a healthy well vegetated floodplain by the Heguy family in improves water retention for the entire system. Perhaps most importantly, the Blue Basin AllotMitch, Rhonda and Joe have voluntarily employed the same principles of ment has yielded excelHeguy at trough and pipeline system constructed with modified timing and duration of grazing, especially during the hot season, lent results from an en- Mitch the assistance of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Partthroughout the entire allotment. The result is streams with narrower and vironmental standpoint. ners for Fish and Wildlife Program. 5-15-15. The troughs deeper channels, more pool habitat and desirable vegetation like willows, From a ranching per- help to distribute cattle away from senstive riparian areas. rushes and sedges dominating the streambanks. Regeneration of burned spective, Mitch Heguy aspen has been outstanding, even where stands have not been fenced from feels the partnerships grazing following the fire. Both seeded and unseeded rangelands support a have benefited his famdiversity of forbs, native grasses and shrubs in areas affected by recent fire, ily’s operation as well. resulting in rapidly improving post-fire habitat conditions for Sage-Grouse. In his words, “we have In 2014, BLM contracted with Trout Unlimited to quantify the changes been blessed to have in stream and riparian habitat conditions as a result of improved livestock a resource team that grazing practices throughout the Susie Creek Basin. A primary goal of the is committed to workanalysis was to evaluate the status of habitat recovery for reintroduction of ing with us to develop cutthroat trout. The Blue Basin Allotment is northernmost of four BLM ad- grazing plans that are ministered grazing allotments within the entire Susie Creek watershed. Pre- workable; the teamwork scriptive livestock grazing practices to improve fisheries habitat in the three and an open dialogue other allotments have been implemented over the past 10 to 20 plus years have been invaluable”. in cooperation with the Maggie Creek Ranch. By working with satellite imagery and aerial The positive changes realized in the Blue Basin Blue Basin Creek, Blue Basin Allotment. Rotational photography, Trout Unlimited was able to comlivestock grazing practices have allowed for vegetative Allotment have taken place through pare conditions from as far back as 20 to 30 recovery and an elevated water table along this important improved cattle grazing management tributary to Susie Creek. As the water table rises, forbs years ago (depending on available imagery sets) rather than through an exclusion of grazing along the margins of the riparian area expand out into the to present conditions (2013). The results are adjacent sagebrush community. This creates ideal foragor through a reduction in cattle numbers. ing conditions for Sage-Grouse broods in late summer. nothing short of amazing. For the Susie Creek 4 July/August 2015

The Progressive Rancher

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NCA Scholarship Recipient Josie Moore of Churchill County High School is the recipient of the 2015 Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Scholarship. Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Research and Education committee would like to congratulate Josie and wish her the very best as she continues her education. Below is a copy of her winning essay.

Misconception

by Josey Moore

ohann Goethe once said; “Nothing is more dangerous for a new truth than an old misconception.” One of the most prominent issues that the beef industry is facing today is the general public’s misconception about their protein packed products and the effects the animals themselves have on the environment. If one runs a Google search for beef quotes a majority of the search results that show up are ones bashing the beef industry in some way or another. Beef producers have to continually defend their profession because of people’s ignorance to the importance their products hold in society. One misconception that is running rampant in our appearance conscious society currently is that beef consumption is too high and that it is leading to more health problems. The fact is that protein consumption is the only part of our diet that has stayed fairly constant in the last few decades. Based on the two thousand ten Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report the daily amount of calories consumed by flour and cereal products has risen by over one hundred and ninety three calories per person in the last forty years while the category of meat, eggs, and nuts has only risen nineteen calories in the same time period. In fact the same report states that the average American only consumes five point one ounces of protein a day while five point five ounces is the recommended amount. Of that five point one ounces of protein only a small portion of it is high quality meat because individuals are told that real meat products cause various health problems. One of the leading causes of death in America today is heart disease and the general public attributes these deaths to problems in the population’s diet. Ironically less than five percent of American’s diet is beef, some of the lowest consumption rates in American history. In that five percent of beef over half of the fatty acids found are monounsaturated acids, the same heart healthy acids found in olive oil. In addition beef consumption is only responsible for approximately eleven percent of Americans cholesterol intake, compared to eggs which are about twenty five percent. The Beef Checkoff has discovered that a three ounce piece of lean beef can make up to fifty percent of the suggested protein consumption suggestion. If Americans were to truly consider the reality of what beef contributes to our health they would find that switching to a vegetable filled diet will do more damage than improvement. Another misconception that the beef industry is facing is the rumor that Big Beef is taking over beef production and driving family ranches out of business, which is impacting the welfare and quality of beef in a negative way. In reality the beef www.progressiverancher.com

production community is comprised of over one million cattle farmers and ranchers whose primary goal is to produce a “high quality beef product in an environmentally and economically efficient way.” According to a recent study ninety seven percent of beef ranches are family owned and over fifty four percent of those have been owned by the same family for three or more generations. The reality of the matter is that the demand for beef around the world needs both family ranches and “Big Beef” to ensure everyone’s demands are met. Some believe that cattlemen reap rewards from the public’s need for beef and do not contribute back into society. Cattle produces obviously care for more than profits because eighty four percent of beef producers contribute to their churches, forty seven percent volunteer with youth organizations, and thirty fiver percent of other community organizations. Cattlemen dedicate their lives to serving the general public and that doesn’t stop after the beef makes it to market. Ranchers and farmers make pennies on a dollar from the price per pound of beef that consumers pay in a grocery store and then they proceed to put half of that income back into the community through other outlets. The final misconception I would like to discuss is the belief that Beta-agonists cause cattle to be deformed and effects meat in a manner that is dangerous to the public’s health. Zilmax and Optaflexx are betaagonists; they are simply animal feed ingredients that encourage a better conversion rate for feed to transfer to muscle and fat development in an animal. These products have been deemed safe by researchers for the consumption by humans and animals. Ranches only use these products in prescribed amounts to create a leaner product to fill the demand by the general population. An interesting result of the use of these products is it reduces the strain on the environment by lessening the need for minerals, water, and fuel that would be used if ranchers had to continually move their cattle in order to fill health needs.

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July/August 2015 5

Nevada Cattlemen’s Association Hires New Executive Director

The Nevada Cattlemen’s Association (NCA) recently hired Kaley Sproul as their new Executive Director. Kaley is a well-qualified addition to our association having recently graduated from Great Basin College with an Associate of Arts degree in agriculture and is in the process of finishing her Bachelor of Arts degree in secondary education for agriculture. She has been involved in the promotion and sustainability of the livestock industry throughout her life. Kaley most recently worked at the University of Nevada Cooperative Extension in the Mineral County office coordinating with the statewide “Herds and Harvest” and “Beginning Farmers and Ranchers” programs. “NCA extends a warm welcome to Kaley as we look forward to having her as our new NCA Executive Director,” states Ron Torell, President of Nevada Cattlemen’s Association. Kaley will begin her work assignment with NCA on July 20, 2015. Originating in 1935 as the sounding voice for Nevada’s livestock industry, NCA, a dues paying non-profit membership organization, had the same goals and mission then as it does today: “To promote, preserve and protect a dynamic and profitable Nevada beef industry.” Center to accomplishing these goals and mission has been an ever-important fleet of volunteers as well as the two paid staff positions of Executive Director and Executive Secretary. Kaley will join Sharon McKnight, NCA Executive Secretary, and the many membership volunteers in helping NCA accomplish its mission. The Nevada Cattlemen’s Association office is located in rooms 208 and 209 of the Henderson Bank Building. The office can be reached by phone at 775738-9214, e-mail nca@nevadabeef.org or by Kaley Sproul, New Executive Director face-to-face office visit each week day from of Nevada Cattlemen’s Association 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.

Garcia Bits & Spurs ’t be re-gifted!

The gift that won Bit #122 $475 NV. Sales tax 6.85% S&H $12

6 July/August 2015

Spur #273 $475 NV. Sales tax 6.85% S&H $12

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capriolas.com

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UPcoMiNG SaLES

August 10th-11th Little America, Cheyenne, Wy Catalog Deadline: July 23rd

september 14th

Haythorn Ranch, Ogallala, NE Catalog Deadline: August 28th

cAll now to consign for these sAles. WATCH & LISTEN TO THE SALE on the Web at:

For details call (530) 347-3793 or the representative nearest you:

Gary Nolan

Mark Venturacci

(775) 934-5678

(775) 427-8713

Elko, NV

Fallon, NV

Steve Lucas

Paradise Valley, NV

(775) 761-7575

Brad Peek— (916) 802-7335 or email us at wvm@wvmcattle.com Look for the catalog and pictures on our website www.wvmcattle.com

Market your cattle with the professionals!

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July/August 2015 7

Ship ’Em To

LLON A F

MARkET REPORT June 16th, 2015

Weight

TOP OFFERINGS Steers

300-400 230.00-300.00 400-500 259.00-312.50 500-600 271.43-290.00 600-700 226.00-250.00 700-800 213.00-235.00 800-900 195.00-200.00 Lite Holstein (under 600#) Heavy Holstein (over 600#)

Heifers

215.00-307.50 233.00-267.50 230.00-240.00 207.00-237.00 197.00-215.00 171.00-191.00 130.00-175.00 122.00-150.00

*Single, small framed or plainer cattle 40.00 to 70.00 less than top offerings

BUTCHER COWS & BULLS

Livestock Exchange, Inc. www.fallonlivestock.com

See us at ringside every Tuesday 11:00 AM 12th Annual Hot August Special - Calf and Yearly Sale Tuesday August 11th, 2015 at 1:00pm

Breakers (Fat Cows) Boners (Med Flesh) Cutters (Lean) Holstein Cows Butcher Bulls Shelly (Thin) Bulls Shelly Cutters (Thin) Young Feeder Cows Heiferettes Holstein Heiferettes Holstein Bulls Feeder Bulls Cutting Bulls Used Roping Steers Preg Tested Cows (3, 4, 5 yr. old solid mouth) Bred Heifers (6 to 7 months bred) Pairs (solid mouth) 4-5 yrs Pairs (older)

95.00-100.00 101.00-118.00 88.00-95.00 60.00-106.00 95.00-130.00 75.00-85.00 20.00-40.00 95.00-117.00 95.00-140.00 102.00-125.00 NT 85.00-95.00 95.00-120.00 110.00-145.00 NT NT NT NT

TOdAy’S COWS Top Cow Top 10 Cows Top 50 Cows Top 100 Cows Top Butcher Bull Top Holstein Cows

Avg. Wt 1305 1112 1367 1367 1990 1280

Avg. Cost 118.00 111.43 108.81 102.61 130.00 99.34

CALVES-SHEEP-GOATS-PIGS-HORSES

The market is good. Demand is strong. Buyers are calling looking for cattle. Sellers, Please call us with what you’re bringing in to sell. Buyers like to know a head of time, It makes a huge differance in the market and the price you receitve wheather it’s 1 head or a truck load. We will promote them for you! Fallon Livestock Exchange, Inc. 775-867-2020

Monte Bruck, Manager 775-426-8279

Fallon Livestock Exchange, Inc.

2055 Trento Lane • Fallon, Nevada 89406 • 775-867-2020

Beef Calves (HD) Dairy Calves Feeder Lambs Fat Lambs Ewes (CWT) Top End Bucks (CWT) Top End Small Goats (under 65 lbs.) (HD) Large Goats (over 70 lbs.) (HD) Weaner Pigs Feeder Pigs Top Hogs Butcher Sows Horses (under 1100 lbs.) Horses (over 1100 lbs.)

450.00-625.00 2.00-80.00 160.00-190.00 140.00-170.00 40.00-70.00 40.00-60.00 30.00-125.00 125.00-330.00 45.00-110.00 60.00-130.00 75.00-91.50 20.00-45.00 10.00-20.00 25.00-35.00

MARkET TRENd: Feeder cattle were steady on the same kind and quaity depending on flesh and fill. Fallon Livestock is a key market for industry where buyers and sellers meet each week with a professional staff with over 50 years of experience in marketing livestock. PLEASE call us ahead with your consignments. It helps us market your cattle. We talk to buyers all the time - they want to know what’s coming in. We are seeing good demand on weigh up cows & bulls. It sure makes a big difference on how they are sorted. Ranchers, don’t send your cows directly to kill right now, most cows will bring a premium over kill price. To feed or go back to the country call us for details!

Let our crew sort and class your cows. This will help you receive full market value for your cows.

We have trucks available for your hauling needs, pasture to pasture or from your Ranch to the sale yard.

See you and your Friends at Ringside Soon! 8 July/August 2015

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Travel Day

www.superiorlivestock.com

800•422•2117 www.progressiverancher.com

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800•523•6610 July/August 2015 9

By Joseph Guild

ometimes when one least expects it, a word, a touch, and maybe even just a smile sets your thinking in whole new direction. An email, a real letter or a phone call picks you up and restoes faith in whatever might have been wavering or on shaky ground in your life. I was feeling rather pessimistic recently about the progress the livestock industry was making on all the myriad issues spawned by the many critics against whom we were waging fights to preserve and protect our businesses, families, lifestyle and way of life. Yes, Mr. optimistic was not feeling very confident about the outcome of so many of these conflicts. A recent review of a selection of the agricultural publications I have stacked up in my office revealed a whole list of problems we could be facing or are currently facing. I have written about them before. The EPA effort to redefine what constitutes a Water of the United States subject to that agency’s jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act is at the top of most lists because of its widespread potential impact on all agriculture everywhere. Since the rule is now adopted, many of the coalition opposing this unwarranted effort by the EPA are contemplating a lawsuit to stop impleTanner Miller checking the cattle mentation of the rule. But just a short list of the other issues can make a person go as crazy as a mad mom cow trying to protect her baby calf from all sorts of terrors known and unknown. Trade Protection Authority, Dietary Guidelines, potential listing of the sage grouse, wild horses, H2A program “reforms”, bighorn domestic sheep conflicts, China, Korea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Taiwan, animal rights advocates, GMOs, weather, drought, market uncertainties, COOL pushback tariffs from our neighbors and best trading partners, Mexico and Canada are all 10 July/August 2015

serious issues facing many sectors of the livestock industry at the same time. It makes a person want to throw up hands, shake their head in disgust and walk back to the south 40 and scratch their favorite retired cow horse on the neck for a while. But the last thing ranch people have in their DNA is the give up gene. Survival in this business is part of the daily bread they were raised on and facing adversity is the only option. That is why I am so optimistic in spite of the trials and travails I see on the horizon. The example of the grit, no quit determination described above was revealed to me in a phone call from a young producer acquaintance of mine. She had recently been involved in the Young Cattlemen’s Conference tour conducted by NCBA and sponsored by many of the allied industry partners of the National Association. The tour members visit feedlots, processing facilities, the Commodity Exchange in Chicago and end the tour in Washington D.C. visiting with NCBA’s lobbyists and members of Congress from their own states. Most of these young people are part of their family owned operations or work in some way in the production sector of the cattle business. They are very familiar with a cow calf or stocker operation. They know the seed stock or feedlot business but generally they lack a broad understanding of the larger industry and the impacts laws and regulations can have on any business. It was heartening to hear her passion and love for ranching and how articulate she was in expressing that passion. More heartening however, was the depth of her commitment to work on the many issues facing our industry. She gets it. What does she get? She gets that every member of this industry is a part of the problem or part of the solution. What is the problem? The problem is 98% of this country doesn’t realize how badly they need the other 2% who provide the full bellies that allow them to whine and complain. And to be fair, those who do not whine and complain (the vast majority) are just content in their full bellied ignorance to let someone else provide them their food. I told her NCBA is deliberating a dues increase which will be presented to the NCBA Board of Directors meeting in Denver in July. She was aware of this issue because her group had been briefed about it a couple of times on the tour. She said the need for the increase was most evident when they were in Washington D.C. She was amazed that such a small staff was working in D. C. with so many important issues facing the industry in that town. She said without that office and those dedicated employees the industry would virtually have no voice. She would gladly pay more in dues. She also said something profound and so outside the box that I had to catch myself from laughing: “ Every beef eater in America should be a member of NCBA because the Association is essentially working on the consumer’s behalf too.” Wow, you think I am not impressed. This young lady and others like her are our future and the future is so bright. She and her eighth generation ranching husband (she is only the fifth generation) are raising their children to be ranchers. They will succeed at that and they will help solve the problem of communication and commitment to work on those problems. This is why I am confident and optimistic; and you should be too. I’ll see you soon

The Progressive Rancher

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The Progressive Rancher

July/August 2015â&#x20AC;&#x192;11â&#x20AC;&#x192;

Beef Fits Into An Athlete's Diet

s a long-time endurance athlete and beef fan, I’ve seen a lot of articles in sports magazines, books, and of course on social media about what athletes need to eat for training and racing. For this month’s CattleWomen article, I’d like to focus on some of the research on protein’s role in an athlete’s training and recovery and how beef can fulfill those protein requirements. I’ll also touch on the information that NV CattleWomen, NCBA, and partners like the Cattlemen’s Beef Board and Beef Councils are sharing with athletes to help them with their nutrition plans. The role of protein in diets for athletes has become an interesting topic lately, as in the last year or two, sports drinks have started adding protein to their cocktail of carbohydrates and electrolytes. The way in which endurance athlete nutrition supplements are marketed today, it seems protein or amino acids may be the new, hot trend. Recovery products have typically contained higher levels of protein, but what is also starting to take off is protein added to nutrition consumed during training or racing. Some of these sports drinks and recovery drinks now contain up to 10% protein or ratios as high as 33% protein added to the swirl of carbohydrates and caffeine. Whey protein isolate and soy protein isolate are common protein sources and amino acids that are currently marketed include glutamine and leucine (Hammer Nutrition website). Diving into the research, it is clear that protein’s role in strength training and recovery has been studied more extensively than endurance exercise training, but several important points can still be discussed. Much focus has been put on determining when athletes should eat protein, how much they need to eat, and what types of proteins are most beneficial. Several studies have pointed to a minimum of 10-25 grams of protein should be consumed soon after completing a workout in order to increase the rate of muscle protein synthesis (Moore et al. 2014). In their review, Moore et al. (2014) also go on to suggest that endurance athletes continue to consume 20 grams of protein every 3-4 hours (rather than 40 grams every 6 hours) for at least 12 hours postexercise. Protein sources enriched with the amino acid leucine, such as whey, are often recommended, especially in the early recovery process 0-60 minutes following exercise (Moore et al. 2014). There is also evidence that protein consumption prior to exercise is also beneficial for better recovery. From the review paper by Moore et al., the take home message is that athletes (regardless of endurance or strength training sport) need to be eating protein, before, and most especially after exercise to properly recover, build and remodel muscles, and promote muscle protein synthesis. Beef is a natural source of protein that compares well to recovery bars (Men’s Health Website) for post-workout nutrition. Jerky is low in fat and calories, convenient, tastes better than recovery bars and provides a more effective source of digestible protein with less sugar (Men’s Health). Women’s Health Magazine (Feb 2015) stated the same benefits of changing to jerky for your gym bag treat. A 1-oz serving of beef jerky (Trader Joe’s Organic Beef Jerky) provides 70 calories, 1 g unsaturated fat, 5 g carbohydrates (all from sugar), 11 g protein, and 270 mg of sodium. Compare this to the average recovery bar (Hammer Whey Recovery Bar) for the same 1 oz serving (which is only one-third of a bar) and you’ll take in 127 calories, 5 g of fat, 10 g of carbohydrates (6 g of which come from sugar), 8 g of protein, and 30mg of sodium. Eat the whole bar, and you’ll be consuming 330 calories, 126 of those from fat! Recovery bars have their time and place, but for athletes trying to lose weight while training, beef jerky is a great choice 12 July/August 2015

to help muscles recover. Selecting jerky that isn’t excessively high in sugar and salt content helps athletes get the most from their beef consumption toward their recovery. NV CattleWomen and Elko County CattleWomen are taking this message of beef’s benefits to athletes by teaming up again to provide beef jerky to the participants of the Ruby Mountain Relay in Elko County July 31 Aug 1st. With help of Ashley Buckingham our Beef Ambassador, last year about 500 people received beef jerky packages as well as the “Confident Cooking with Beef” brochures from the Nevada Beef Council. Many athletes last year indicated that it was their favorite item in their race swag bag. We hope to reach just as many athletes at this year’s race. The “I Love Beef” team of 12 ladies is racing 184 miles again to get the word out about how great beef is and how important beef is to an athlete’s nutrition plan. The team is seeking sponsorships to help defray the costs of participating in the event. A $50 sponsorship received by July 25th lands your ranch’s brand on the side of the race vans and your ranch’s name listed as a sponsor of the jerky in the race packets every participant receives. Contact Salli McDermott at 775-753-9692 or sallisarman@hotmail.com to donate. Other programs that are helping get the word out about beef’s nutritional benefits include the 30-day protein challenge that folks can sign up for at BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com website. This beef checkoff funded program helps people journal, evaluate when they are not getting enough protein, and balance the amount of protein they are eating at each meal. From both an exercise physiology standpoint and a dieting standpoint, taking in 25-30 grams of protein at each meal (or 10-15 grams of protein every few hours) can vastly improve muscle protein synthesis (Douglas Paddon-Jones 2014). The Nevada Beef Council manages a Facebook page for Team Beef Nevada. This is a group of endurance athletes who enjoy beef as a recovery food. It is a great page for picking up the latest info on nutrition and exercise and for sharing info with other endurance and strength training athletes. The Nevada and California Beef Councils also have on staff Registered Dietician James Winstead who could who can answer specific questions about beef in nutrition plans. He can be contacted through email at James@calbeef.org. The Cattlemen’s Beef Board and NCBA through the beefnutrition. org and beefitswhatsfordinner.com websites have put out several publications that also help share the important messages about beef in an athlete’s diet, such as:

• Power Up for the Good Life • Proteins are not Created Equal • How Protein Powers Yout As you can tell, there are tons of resources out there for athletes to learn how to go beyond carbo-loading and incorporate proteins like beef into their diets for optimal performance and recovery. And for those folks that are exercising and reducing calories to meet a weight loss goal, adding jerky to your post-workout routine can be a great way to help you reach your goals. Regardless of whether or not you consider yourself an athlete, making sure you incorporate 25-30 g of protein into each meal of the day will go a long way into helping you maintain muscle mass and improve satiety between each meal. Beef - Fuel for the Finish! References: Moore, D.R., Camera, D.M., Areta, J.L. and Hawley, J.A. 2014. Beyond muscle hypertrophy; why dietary protein is important for endurance athletes. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 39: 987-997.

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Elko County CattleWomen Honors Beef Business and Mother of the Year for 2015. BEEF BUSINESS OF THE YEAR

MOTHER OF THE YEAR

During this year’s Annual Banquet for the Elko County CattleWomen; Maggie Creek Ranch was presented with the 2015 Beef Business of the Year. Maggie Creek Ranch is a beef cow-calf and summer stocker operation west of Elko. They grow cattle on the hoof, locker beef, and beef for retail seasonally. Maggie Creek prides itself on conserving and improving public and private lands and furthering their standing in the communities they interact with. Their goal is to be the best possible stewards of their resources, natural, financial and human, while contributing food through production agriculture. As stated they have been offering retail beef seasonally, and it is a wonderful opportunity for the community to know and understand where their beef is coming from. To be “in the know” on this wonderful product, please follow and like Maggie Creek on Facebook.

Kevin and Leslie Ahearn, Maggie Creek Ranch (Red House) accepted the award on behalf of the Ranch.

Lorey Eldridge was presented with the 2015 Mother of the Year during the Annual Awards Banquet for Elko County CattleWomen. Karen Winchell, chairman of the award recognized Lorey’s selfless hours that she have given to CattleWomen, not only did she hold leadership positions in Elko County but also White Pine County. Karen pointed out all the different committees she has chaired over the years, and echoed the sentiments of many that Lorey has been a dedicated member. Lorey’s Granddaughter Natacia Eldridge had the pleasure of adding to the presentation on behalf of the family. Natacia began by saying, “The true meaning of a mother describes Lorey perfectly. If you know Lorey, then you know she is one of the most compassionate, caring, and loving women you will ever meet. She is beautiful inside and out, with those sparkling blue eyes and bright smile, she is the type of person who always makes you feel welcome. If you are lucky enough to stop by Lorey’s house during breakfast, lunch or dinner time, you are sure to taste one of the best meals you have ever had! And not only is she a master chef, she is also an impressive artist, a talented writer, and a creative mastermind. Not only has Lorey been a mother to her four sons she raised, she has been a mother to her daughter-in-laws, her many grandchildren, numerous stray animals, pets of her own, she even acts as the mother hen to her three brothers on occasion, as well as now caring for her mother. I am sure that we can all say that Lorey has been a mother figure to all of us at some point in time in our lives. You couldn’t be more deserving of this award. Your years of service in the Cattlewoman’s association as an ambassador for the beef industry and the ranching community are appreciated by all. May you cherish this day and congratulations from all of us on this exciting honor of being Karen Winchell – Chairman and Lorey Eldridge – Mother of the Year named Cattlewomen’s Mother of the Year.”

You are invited to COWBOY CHURCH!

1st Saturday of every month Standish, CA @ 6:00 p.m. Hwy. 395 /A3 — Standish 4-H Hall

3rd Saturday of every month Lovelock, NV @ 7:00 p.m. 1035 Cornell Ave. — Old Variety Store

Are you having a Rodeo or Livestock event? Give us a call. We would love to come to your event or ranch and host Cowboy Church for you.

Harmony Ranch Ministry 3767 Keyes Way Fallon, NV 89406

Tom J. Gonzalez | Diana J. Gonzalez, Pastor threecrossls@cccomm.net

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(775) 867-3100 Cell (775) 426-1107

Left to Right: Brandi Stitzel, Les Peterson, Marty and Sham Eldridge, Tom and Lorey Eldridge, Natacia Eldridge, Mark and Veronica Eldridge.

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July/August 2015 13

FUMES FROM THE FARM By Hank Vogler

ell shearing is over and lambing. We are getting everything to the hills. We have had great moisture. You know its good when the livestock haters look so disappointed that they didn’t get to kick us off. Well I was telling the story about Bob Beatle Bailey and Mel Kelly. They were country horse traders and to this day no computer program or video camera could compare to the raw entertainment that these two gentlemen could provide. Beatle Had sold me Apple Jack the non-swimming horse and later sold me Blue John. Blue John was an athlete with a type “A” personality. I never saw a cow out fox him and you had better be paying real close attention when he was working because he was in over drive and was eating the cow with or without you. When I got him, Beatle had him in a snaffle bit. To show what a hand that I was, I put him in a hackamore. I am sure he was ready but maybe I wasn’t. The first day that I rode him in his new headgear, Cowboy Bob McDonald and I were moving some little first calf heifer pairs down the road. Blue John was bored to death as following along a bunch of wobble-geared calves had bored him to death. He kept bumping the calves with his nose and pawing the ground in shear boredom. For some reason Blue John reached down and bit this calf. The calf bawled and his mom spun around and got under Blue John’s belly. Blue John had enough and went air borne. My wallet came out first then my pocket knife, then my Copenhagen can and it came open so about half of it was in my eyes. Blue john emptied my pockets and why he didn’t get me down was a miracle unto itself. McDonald was on his hands and knees picking up my stuff and laughing himself silly. Riding a bucking horse is an individual sport and out on the high wide and lonesome it can be a long walk home so you might not make a pretty ride but its like flying airplanes; any landing is good if you walk away. The next day I decided I should put Blue John in a bozel. I had one that Jim Hutchinson had given me; it just needed reins and a lead rope. I bought a fine horsehair rope and proceeded to assemble the apparatus. When fully assembled it seemed like my lead rope was rather long but not to be out done I just made a few more tucks and loops of hair rope in my chinks. I proudly mounted up and headed for the group of, yes once again wobble geared calves, of nearly the same vintage as the day before. We were going to take them through the yard past the barn to the Burdett field. By any measure this shouldn’t take long. We had to cross the double culverts by the barn and past the loading chute and we would be home free. The heifers didn’t want to go across the culvert as a lot of water was passing through them and was no doubt as good an excuse as any to be ignorant. Well about three heifers jumped in the river and proceeded to swim toward the chicken house. I dove in behind them and for a fleet ing moment wondered if old Blue John could swim. He did very well. When we reached the far shore, Blue John had won the struggle but when he hit the shore he floundered in the muddy bank and had stepped over my new hair rope. When he hit dry ground he went ballistic. He would shoot me straight up and then the hair rope between his front legs would come

14 July/August 2015

tight and goose him again. The only reason that I was still in the average was the hair rope had dallied around me some how and would slam me back down in the saddle. After being slammed around three or four times Blue John was going high enough I thought I could see the other side of Wrights Point. Finally all came loose and Blue John threw me so high, I started looking around for a stewardess. Then down I came. Went through the chicken wire on the top of the chicken coop and landed in the water trough which was an old wood stove water heater cut in half and for about a month, not only did I see stars, I saw chickens and could smell them too. Well enough about my ability, as a forked legged Vaquero, Getting the job done may not look pretty but getting there can be half the fun. Another legend in the horse-trading arena was Mel Kelly. He guaranteed every horse he sold and would tell you that if you didn’t get along with your new purchase to bring him back and he’d get you another one just like him or a better one with maybe a little boot adjustment to make it right by all parties. HUH!!!!! One of Mel’s legendary stories was when the well dressed man came in the scale house looking for Mel and Mel coughed it up that he was indeed Mel Kelly and what could he do for him? The well-dressed fellow said even though he was a doctor he was a horseman of the first order and new his onions. Mel mentioned that he could see he was gifted in the judgment of horseflesh and what could Mel do to help him along. The Doctor without blinking said he was looking for a five thousand dollar horse and wouldn’t pay a penny more. Mel Got up and without hesitation, replied, “Your in luck young fella, I had one come in this morning”. A few minutes later Mel reentered the scale house with a check for five grand and as he held it up said, “Touch me Jesus touch me”. One fall day Beatle and Mel came by the house and wanted to know if I had room for about sixty head of horses for the winter. Beatle had turned a couple of mare bands loose in the Big Red “S” field so a few more horses eating slough grass and flags couldn’t hurt. About an hour later the horses were unloaded behind the barn and they looked like they had escaped from the kill floor in Redmond. I asked Mel if anyone was hurt when the killer truck tipped over to which no reply was given. Then the horses were led one by one into a small pen, twitched, and their teeth floated. Some got a leg tied up during the procedure; but when all was done the corral looked like it had a couple inches of hail in it. The horses were trailed down the road and it seemed incumbent on me to mention to Mel that the company wouldn’t be responsible for any death loss. Once again, no response from Mel, just a determined look of just you wait and see young fella. The next spring a miracle seemed to have been performed. I believe that most of the horses had made the winter and were slicked off and fat. Now, Mel’s two boys Dennis and Jim could tune up a horse so well that Mr. Good wrench would be shamed. The manes and tails were pulled and the pile of hair looked like a loose stack of hay. Dennis and Jim began preparing the freshly over hauled horses for the big show and within about two days all had been distributed to a new owner. “I guarantee it” If that’s not the way it happened, well it should have happened that way. Hang and Rattle! Hank

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TALKING ABOUT NCBA

Joe Guild, 6th Region Vice President

ny organization is only as effective as its people. This is a truth which is also a cliché and it applies to a ranch, a school district, business or government agency. It is also true of organizations led by volunteers such as the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association. I have written often in the last two and a half years of the efforts and effectiveness of the employees of NCBA, but I don’t think I have ever mentioned anything about the volunteer leadership of NCBA. And to paraphrase songstress Joni Mitchell; you don’t know what you’ve got ‘til it’s gone. I have had the privilege of serving on the boards of several volunteer associations over the years. Many of you have been to the awards functions of such organizations where someone’s work on behalf of the membership is recognized and such awards are always well-deserved but rarely is the whole story of that person’s hard work ever told. NCBA is no different as it recognizes its outgoing leadership with kind words, plaques or as is typical for agricultural organizations, new hats and shiny belt buckles. Sometimes it is too late to tell that whole story because the person who deserves the recognition passes away way too early. Such was the case recently when a personal friend of mine and a friend to the entire cattle industry passed on after a very valiant fight against a terrible disease. I would like to use him and his service as an example of so many others whose service to us all is not remarked upon often enough when they are with us. I do this in honor of him but also to make the point there are others like him doing faithful work on our behalf who never get accolades or thanks. His name was Richard Gebhart. At the time of his death he was serving as the Treasurer of NCBA. This job is a very large undertaking. It requires extensive travel away from home and ranch. It involves spending a great deal of time in meetings with the NCBA Audit Committee and the Chief Financial Officer of NCBA in making sure the association finances are in order and in a positive position. Richard Gephart was a big man physically and his expansive charm and personality filled a room the minute he walked in and helped to fill the lives of those fortunate enough to know him. His story is typical of those leaders in agriculture we have all known. Also, I would argue there are dozens of similar stories with different details of other members of this industry who are the bulwarks of rural society. These people who are in such leadership positions also form the bedrock for the stability of our larger society as a whole. Obviously, the urban and suburban sectors of our country have their steadfast community leaders too but in my opinion, it is in rural America where we find our greatest reservoirs of the traditional values that have made this such a great country in spite of its faults and shortcomings. Gebhart was a great example of the high standard of societal leadership produced in rural America. And, it was obvious after meeting him for only a short time that he embodied the traditional values so important in maintaining a forward thinking, positive, get things done attitude. He was personally gifted with these standards and he imparted them to the organizations he associated with. He was a fourth generation cattleman from the Northeastern part of Oklahoma. Well educated, he had a Bachelor’s Degree, two Masters Degrees and a Juris Doctorate. He was a 30 year career Army Officer and a veteran of the first Gulf War. And, he held a Professorship in the College of Business at the University of Tulsa. His professional accomplishments were many in addition to being a successful cattle rancher. Equally impressive were his contributions to the agricultural industry by volunteering for many tasks to help aid the part of our society I believe he was www.progressiverancher.com

most fond of. This example helps to make my point about the many others who are in the trenches fighting every day to block those whose criticisms and outright efforts to harm agriculture are so pervasive. As I said earlier, he was the Treasurer of NCBA at the time of his passing. He was the Immediate Past Chairman of the national Federation of State Beef Councils. He was the President of the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association when he died and Vice-Chair of the Oklahoma Beef Council. He served on the Tulsa State Fair Junior Livestock Auction Committee, was a member of his County Cattlemen’s Association Board of Directors. He was also a devoted husband, father and grandfather as is so typical of community leaders who are as grounded in traditional values as Richard was. He leaves behind a legacy of sacrifice and service to his family too. I only knew him a short time but I considered him to be a very good friend; one in whom I could confide and receive sound advice when I asked for it. So that is a brief description of what was obviously a rich and fulfilled life. I can think of a dozen other lives like his off the top of my head. The people like Richard I can easily draw upon for inspiration are men and women who have devoted themselves as he did for better families, better industry, better ranches, improved animals and plants, thus creating a better business and living environment which ultimately adds up to a better nation and world. I could easily be criticized by some for hyperbole here, but I say to those critics, prove me wrong. Tell me that examples like my friend’s do not inspire and set standards that if followed make improvements for us all. I’ll see you soon.

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July/August 2015 15

NNevada Farm Bureau evada Farm Bureau

Farmers & Ranchers of Nevada: Bringing a New Industry to Nevada

Naysayers didn’t discourage Anna-Lisa either, and when the idea of starting a sheep dairy was presented to her by Scott, she met it with enthusiasm. “Scott decided we’re going to this, and I said, ‘Okay, sounds fun.’ I’m By Austin Wright, Nevada Farm Bureau Internt interested in new things, and it’s been an adventure.” Running a sheep dairy isn’t a small task and ensuring everything runs cott and Anna-Lisa Laca met at Modesto Junior College after both growing up in the agriculture indus- smoothly keeps both Scott, Anna-Lisa and their full-time employee busy try. From there, Anna-Lisa went to Oklahoma State on a daily basis. Scott is involved with milking the sheep, bagging the milk, University to study animal science marketing, and feeding, and all the day-to-day management of the farm including mainteScott went to Cornell University where he studied nance, quality and outside farming. Anna-Lisa maintains a full-time job outside of the farm, but she also dairy science. They would later reunite and start Great Basin helps oversee the lamb program, feeds the lambs in the morning, helps Shepherding in Churchill County. In the United States, the most common dairy operations are cow dair- manage the health of the lambs and does some of the paperwork. Anna-Lisa and Scott are also active members in ies, buffalo dairies and goat dairies; but most their community, and Anna Lisa is the chair of the people aren’t familiar with, or have even heard Nevada Farm Bureau Young Farmers & Ranchers of, sheep dairies. The sheep dairy industry in Committee. America is still in its infancy with only 100 “It’s really great to be an active in YF&R,” says operations across the country and only 12,000 Anna-Lisa. “Farm Bureau is an awesome chance for milking sheep within those operations. Despite a younger farmers like Scott and I to have a voice in our small number of dairies across the U.S., this insurrounding community and industry.” dustry is closer to home than some might think. On the business side of things, now that Great Great Basin Shepherding is the first and only Basin Shepherding is up and running, they are largely Grade A sheep dairy in Nevada. dependent on the market for production and growth. Scott originally thought he was going to work “It’s a hurry up and wait game,” Scott says. “We in the cow dairy industry, but a trip oversees inhurry up and grow, and then we wait for the market to troduced him to the idea of milking sheep. catch up. Everybody says they want the milk, but we al“I intended to milk cows, and I studied dairy ways have to wait for the lag in the market to catch up.” cows in college,” Scott says. “My junior year I Scott and Anna-Lisa Laca run the only Currently, the dairy freezes its milk, allowing for was in a dairy program where I went to school, Grade A sheep dairy in Nevada. longer wait time between shipments. Despite the chaland we ended up traveling to Italy. It really hit lenges that the operation faces by freezing milk, Scott home when we went to Italy. We ended up stopremains optimistic about where the market is going. ping at a sheep dairy, and the sheep dairy was “I think the market is just starting to take off,” very simple. There was low capital cost, and for Scott says. “Most of the market is made up of artisanal somebody like me with no equity, it presented creameries. That is where we’re selling most of our an opportunity to start something on my own.” milk, which is used to make high-end cheeses, mostly Once he returned home, Scott took a college sold in the bay areas. Seattle, Portland, San Francisco class on sheep, went to work on a New York sheep those are the main markets. Most of our food trends dairy for six months and then came back to Nefollow Europe’s food trends, and they eat lots of sheep vada to start his own operation. cheese in Europe.” Being young and trying to start a farm has Frozen milk is great for creameries because it lasts presented its own unique challenges for Scott longer, but fresh milk produces a higher quality cheese. and Anna-Lisa who are only 26 years old. Scott would like to get to a point where he can sell fresh The sheep at Great Basin “Well a lot of times when you’re young, people milk instead of frozen because it is less labor intensive. Shepherding are milked twice a day. don’t take you seriously,” Anna-Lisa says. “And “I would love to ship fresh milk at some point,” we’ve experienced that several times, but what betScott says. “I don’t know if it’s the answer per ter way to deal with it than to prove them wrong.” “You say you’re going to make the milk. You make the milk. There are no say; I think the frozen milk will always have its place. However, I excuses. And they’re shocked that we actually did what we said and made would like to get to the size to where we are able to ship fresh milk.” As the market grows, Great Basin Shepherding is also growing. Employthe milk. And I think that all goes back to our age,” Scott says. ees at Great Basin Shepherding milk every 12 hours January through OctoScott was advised not to start a sheep dairy operation and was told it couldn’t be done, but he went ahead with his idea anyway and would recom- ber. Since being founded a year and two months ago, they have already increased their daily production by two to three times what it was starting out. mend any young person considering farming to do the same. “We just need more sheep so it pencils to be able to ship fresh milk ev“Most of the young people that do come up into agriculture follow the ery other day over to California. It’s a pencil game to make sure it all works generation before them, take over an operation or doing something like financially,” Scott says. that,” Scott says. “Which is great, but I would tell the younger kids that want Although this growth is promising, whether or not they are able to sell to do agriculture that they can really do anything they want to. I was told you can’t milk sheep several times, yet, I had seen it done and seen it work. all the milk is largely dependent on market demand at a consumer level. AcSo you just have to do some research, put your back into it and get it done.” cording to Anna-Lisa, overall market demand comes down to the consumer,

16 July/August 2015

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N Farm Bureau Nevada evada Farm Bureau and most consumers aren’t familiar with sheep-related products yet. This issue is as challenging to creameries that sell the cheese as it is for the farmers that produce the milk. “The creameries are facing the same challenges we are,” Anna-Lisa says. “They are trying to grow their market too. Because consumers are not used to seeing sheep products on the shelves, so when they do, and they find out that they like them, then they start purchasing them more. But it’s getting the dairy buyer to put them on the shelf in the first place.” Currently, sheep milk can be used to create a variety of cheeses, yogurts, butter, feta and aged hard cheeses, but as consumers are becoming more familiar with sheep products, producers are also working on developing new products to create further demand. Besides milking their animals, Great Basin Shepherding also utilizes their sheep to produce meat and lowgrade wool, which is mostly used in carpet. Great Basin Shepherding raises mainly two different breeds, East Friesian sheep, which are from northern Germany, and Lacaune, which are out of France. Both these breeds are dairy specific sheep. The Lacas also recently purchased Icelandic rams to expand their genetic pool. A lack of variety in the sheep industry gene pool creates problems for sheep farmers and could potentially be the largest threat to the survival of the industry. “One of our biggest challenges, if not the biggest challenge to our industry, is genetics.” Anna-Lisa says.. “The border is often closed to sheep and sheep semen. For the families of dairy sheep in the United States, the pool is very small. At some point if we are not able to import genetics then we probably won’t have a sheep industry for dairy in the country.” Borders are closed to sheep and sheep semen due to a disease many sheep in other countries carry known as Scrapie. Scrapie is fatal for sheep. The disease is thought to be passed down from ewe to offspring and any other lambs that might come into contact with an infected ewe’s placental fluids during the birthing process. The United States is trying to prevent this disease from becoming a serious problem in U.S. sheep flocks by limiting sheep importation to countries that have been deemed free of the disease. Currently, the United States only views Australia and New Zealand as Scrapie-free nations, which is extremely limiting. With limited importation possibilities come less options for sheep farmers looking to breed their animals. A higher chance of inbreeding results when there are fewer sheep families to breed with. For farmers like AnnaLisa and Scott, this dilemma is a huge challenge against growth and could even eventually become fatal for businesses like their operation. “Many other countries don’t have these rules,” says Anna-Lisa. “We’ll have to lobby against laws like these if we want to keep things going here in the U.S.” In the meantime, Great Basin Shepherding is continuing to grow, the market is continuing to grow, and the sheep dairy industry is beginning to grow. And although the rest is uncertain, AnnaLisa and Scott remain hopeful for the future. “We have faced several obstacles the last few years, but we made it through those and will take the others as they come,” Anna-Lisa says.

The Future of Sage-Grouse: State and Local Efforts Key to Listing Prevention

By Jessica Fagundes, Nevada Farm Bureau Director of Communications he recent April announcement by U.S. Secretary of Interior Sally Jewel that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service would not list the bi-state population of the greater sagegrouse under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) is welcome news to the agriculture community. “Thanks in large part to the extraordinary efforts of all the partners in the working group to address threats to greater sage-grouse and its habitat in the bi-state area, our biologists have determined that this population no longer needs ESA protection,” Jewell says. A large factor in the decision was the Bi-State Action Plan, a conservation plan developed by the Bi-State Local Area Working Group during the past 15 years as well as $45 million in secured funding. State and local efforts will focus on a variety of conservation practices, including cutting back pinion-juniper trees to ensure they do not encroach on sage-grouse habitat. According to Nevada U.S. Secretary of Interior Sally Jewell announces the Department of Wildlife bi-state decision. Public Information Officer Chris Healy, effective collaboration from all involved parties led to the listing prevention. “I think the most important thing that happened on that was that a lot of hard work was recognized,” Healy says. “Because the process was well handled; some of the Native American tribes, private ranchers and other people were able to work together and come up with a game plan to do what they can to save habitat and save the bird.” The announcement also draws focus toward the impending decision for the greater sage-grouse population, which must be made in September 2015. Yet, experts do not believe the bi-state decision will influence the potential listing of the greater sage-grouse. “I think that it makes everyone hopeful, but everybody is very cautious about calling it a logical next step,” Healy says. Unlike the bi-state population, which lives in small area straddling the California-Nevada line, the greater sage-grouse habitat covers an expansive 186 million acre, 11 state range and habitat, making state and local plans even more crucial to the survival of the bird population and the ranching industry. “Wildlife and conservation efforts for the sage-grouse are going to vary widely from state to state,” says Ryan Yates, American Farm Bureau Federation (AFBF) director of congressional relations. “It’s clear that when you develop conservation plans close to the ground, you can produce positive results.” (Continued on page 18)

Cattle graze in the bi-state region at Fish Springs Ranch.

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July/August 2015 17

Some state officials seem to have a similar opinion about future conservation plans for the bird. In 2012, Governor Brian Sandoval established the Nevada Sagebrush Ecosystem Council. The council has worked the last three years to develop state and local plans to preserve the greater sage-grouse while allowing industries like agriculture and mining to thrive. Nevada Farm Bureau Vice President Bevan Lister sits as the agriculture representative on the Sagebrush Ecosystem Council. “We worked hard to develop a state plan for sage-grouse, and we adopted that plan in October 2014,” Lister says, adding that the council has developed the outline for the Conservation Credit System and is now working on the strategic action planning. The council’s plan, known as the 2014 Nevada Greater Sage-Grouse Conservation Plan, will address the many problems that have decreased sage-grouse populations. According to Lister, the biggest threats include wildfires, invasive species and common ravens. The plan is currently being discussed in the legislature as Senate Joint Resolution 5 (SJR5). SJR5 expresses support for the plan and urges the Fish and Wildlife Service not to list the greater sage-grouse as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. SJR5 passed through the Nevada Senate on April 21, 2015 and through the Nevada Assembly on May 18, 2015. Nevada Farm Bureau policy supports SJR5. Policy 232 states “NVFB supports the state of Nevada Greater Sage-Grouse (Hen) Conservation Plan and its unaltered contents as the preferred alternative to an Environmental Impact Statement.” On a federal level, proposed legislation has also been introduced to prevent the listing and to allow for state and local efforts to protect the bird. “Senator Gardner from Colorado introduced the Sage-Grouse Protection Conversation Act, S. 1036,” Yates, AFBF director of congressional relations, says. “That legislation will allow those state and local efforts to continue to meet the needs of the conservation of the species, but will preclude a federal listing decision and push that back for six years.” According to Yates, state and local efforts like those encouraged by current proposed legislation are the only way to ensure the greater sage-grouse population is protected. Federal intervention would be detrimental. “That listing decision will ultimately jeopardize much of the ongoing conservation work that has already been done and is planned to be done and frankly will have serious consequences for land owners and certainly working ranches, farmers and ranchers throughout the western United States.” If the sage-grouse were to be listed, Yates equates the situation to that of the northern spotted owl, which was listed as a threatened species under the ESA in 1990. “It fundamentally altered the state of federal forests and federal land management across that range. That listing decision led to the decline and largely the elimination of the timber industry across the Pacific Northwest. And that had a pretty significant impact not only on mill owners and the timber industry in general, but I would say also on the larger ecosystem.” And once a species is listed under the act, it is nearly impossible to delist it due the lack of resources and funding. “The Endangered Species Act has one of the worst track records in American history. Less than two percent of all species listed under the ESA have ever been recovered,” Yates says. Although the bi-state decision will not have any effect on the decision to be made in September, most remain hopeful that collaboration and sound science might prevent the greater sage-grouse from being listed. “There is a lot of hope that if all the stakeholders with the much large concerns of the greater sage-grouse can see the success that cooperation and planning gained with this decision not to list, hopefully that will create some motivation for more cooperation during this process,” says Healy, Nevada Department of Wildlife public information officer. “One of the things that it does do is it proves that when local government, stakeholders, state and federal government work together collaboratively and base this vision as well as land management decisions on sound science and locally-based initiatives that are fed with local information, it has positive results,” Yates says. “It gives us some hope that our work won’t be in vain, that possibly the same track will hold, and the secretary will have no warranted findings for the greater sage-grouse,” Lister says 18 July/August 2015

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In the Mind of a Millennial

By Jill Scofield, Nevada Beef Council

s I write this latest “In the Mind of a Millennial” article, the temperature is warming, the days are getting a little longer, and the backyard patio beckons for evening barbecues with friends and family. That’s right, summer is here. For anyone in the business of selling anything, thinking about the millennial consumer and what their preferences are with respect to your product is always top-of-mind. But for those of us in the beef business, that’s good news for us, since the summer months bring with them strong millennial preference for beef as they head to their grills, steaks and burgers in hand. For all consumers, the top five most important factors when it comes to food choices are: that it is great tasting, that it is good value for the money, extremely safe to eat, a balance of taste and nutrition, and something they can feel good about eating. But for the millennial consumer, particularly those “older millennials” who are just establishing their careers and families and developing life-long eating habits, convenience is also an important factor in terms of food choices, and preparation methods. When it comes to grilling specifically, millennials find it to be a fun, social and healthy way to cook, and they have a strong preference for beef on the grill over other proteins. Take a look at some of the factors that influence millennials when it comes to grilling, compiled and provided thanks to the Beef Checkoff Program and made available at www.beefretail.org.

Millennials and Grilling

For millennials, food isn’t just about providing nutrients to one’s body. Whether eating at home or dining out, this important demographic wants its meals to be social as well as delicious, and they say grilling is a fun and interactive way to entertain. According to research compiled by the Beef Checkoff, millennials consider grilling to be a good way to bond with friends and family, and they associate grilling with watching and playing sports. When it comes to the specific sub-section of millennial who have a strong preference for grilling, “mature millennials” and millennials who have children tend to prefer grilling beef more (although all subgroups of this demographic enjoy grilling in general.) To be more specific, millennial dads are the most excited about grilling, with 72 percent reporting plans to purchase a grill within the next year. Millennials also view grilling as a healthy preparation option. Compared to years in the past, more Americans currently pair grilled steaks with side items like corn on the cob and grilled fruits and vegetables instead of dishes like baked beans or baked potatoes. In terms of timing, it’s no secret that summer is a key grilling time for all

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of us, but it’s especially so for millennials. Over 80 percent of “mature millennials” – those who are between the ages of 25-33 – rank grilling as one of their favorite summer activities. Over half of millennials grill year-round, which is a higher percentage compared to other age groups.

Throw Another Steak on the Barbee!

Statistics show that Americans generally prefer to grill beef over chicken, but you might be surprised that those “mature millennials” lead the way. In fact, 76 percent of these folks (and, even more impressive, 81 percent of mature millennials” who have children) choose beef most often when grilling. In terms of beef choice, the “mature millennials” love to grill both burgers and steaks – and in the steak category, T-Bones, sirloins and Ribeyes are the most favored. Consumers of all ages love burgers on the grill, yet the highest preference is among the younger millennials. Sixty percent tend to grill burgers more than any other beef dish. Among all audiences, traditional toppings still rule, but options like avocados and fried eggs are becoming more popular. Lastly, millennials are excited about bold flavors and are more willing to experiment with foods on the grill. Nearly75 percent of millennials use rubs and marinades on steaks to boost their flavor, as compared with 57 percent of Gen X/Boomers. With millennials’ love of grilling beef, it’s no surprise why the Nevada Beef Council (NBC) and Beef Checkoff focus so much attention on this popular cooking method in their outreach and advertising efforts, especially in the summer months. This summer, the NBC has a lot of outreach and consumer communications planned focused on this cooking method, primarily through digital communications and social media engagement. As just one example, a variety of the seasonal recipes found on BeefItsWhatsForDinner. com – many of which are created by a Checkoff-funded test kitchen staffed with professional chefs – will be shared through the NBC online and social media properties to help engage with consumers while providing helpful information about grilling with beef. For more information, visit www.nevadabeef.org or www. beefitswhatsfordinner.com Jill Scofield is Director of Producer Relations for the Nevada and California Beef Councils. You can reach her at jill@calbeef.org.

The Progressive Rancher

July/August 2015 19

CHECKOFF NEWS: Good News for Beef's Image

Kicking off an All-American Summer

s summer commences, Nevadans are firing up the grill and getting ready to serve up their favorite beef dishes. The Nevada Beef Council (NBC) has already been hard at work sharing summertime favorites with consumers, kicking off the summer months with a fun and successful day at the Reno Aces game on May 30, where beef was center of the HOME plate, and NBC staff and producers were on hand sharing information not just about cooking with beef, but also ranching and beef production. With a sell-out crowd in attendance, the May 30 Aces games was a prime time to engage with Nevada consumers on topics ranging from how cattle are raised to our favorite recipes. On the plaza as Aces fans waited to get into the game, Nevada’s 2015 beef Ambassador, Bailey Kelton, was on hand with two of her cow-calf pairs. Kids attending the game got a kick out of petting the calves and getting their “I Heart Beef” temporary tattoos applied, while their parents asked NBC council members and beef producers questions about the cattle, ranching, and cooking with beef. Inside the stadium, the fun continued, with NBC staff handing out free samples of beef jerky provided by new promotional partner Oberto, along with recipe and nutrition brochures, kids’ beef activity booklets, and of course, “Beef. It’s What’s For Dinner.” bumper stickers. To kick off the game in proud Nevada ranching fashion, Clover Valley rancher Peyton Peltier joined the NBC and threw out a beautiful first pitch of the game, doing a great job of representing Nevada’s beef community. In addition to the presence at the game, the NBC partnership with the Reno Aces also incorporated a promotion with Northern Nevada Scolari’s markets, where shoppers could get free tickets to the Nevada Beef Council Day at the Ballpark with a minimum beef purchase of $20. Tied into this promotion was extensive broadcast advertising, social media outreach, and online engagement during the weeks leading up to the game. “This was a great way to raise the profile of Nevada’s beef community with consumers throughout Northern Nevada,” said Annette Kassis, Director of Consumer and Brand Marketing for the NBC who coordinated the NBC Day at the Ballpark. “We had extensive publicity leading up to the game, thanks to our work with our promotional partners, but the face-to-face conversations we had with consumers at the ballpark were extremely valuable. Children who had never seen a cow came away with a greater sense of how cattle are raised in Nevada, and parents and adults got a better understanding of beef nutrition and beef’s role in a healthy diet.”

hen it comes to perceptions about the product Nevada’s ranchers and beef producers work so hard to get to the consumer’s plate, it’s always nice to hear some good news. According to the latest Consumer Beef Index (CBI) – a Checkoff-funded resource that tracks changes in consumers’ perceptions of and demand for beef relative to other meat proteins – there have been some highly positive changes in perceptions, attitudes and beef use. The March 2015 CBI notes that the percentage of consumers who say that the positives of beef outweigh the negatives reached a fouryear high of 77 percent. In addition to the increase in positive perception about beef, the March 2015 CBI revealed the following trends.

Consumers still eat beef regularly. • 91 percent of consumers eat beef monthly. • 35 percent of consumers eat beef 3 or more times a week, which is a return to highs recorded in 2012. And they are planning to consume more beef. • 85 percent of consumers plan to eat the same or more beef in the future. • 18 percent of Americans plan to eat more beef. • Of the 18% percent of Americans who say they plan to consume more beef, the primary reason is that they prefer the taste of beef. Other top reasons: beef fits many meal occasions, it’s a family favorite and it’s easy and convenient. In addition, a strong interest in knowing more about beef preparation also was clear, with a majority of millennial parents interested in getting more information about how to make a great burger; cook beef in a way to provide servings at two or more meals; cook a steak; and cook a roast – all things being address through checkoff resources and through NBC efforts.

Welcome to our Newest NBC Council Members The NBC is proud to welcome two new board members! Bernard Peterson, who manages ranches throughout White Pine County for the Southern Nevada Water Authority, and Ted Christoph, who manages his family’s dairy operation in Fallon, have both joined the NBC, bringing their long-time experience in their respective sectors to the board. They join board members Lucy Rechel (feeder, Yerington), Jay Dalton (cow-calf, Wells), Ray Callahan (cow-calf, Reno), John Jackson (cow-calf, Tuscarora), and Gary Ward (cow-calf, Gardnerville), who was also selected to serve as chair of the NBC. Welcome aboard!

For more about the Nevada Beef Council, visit www.nevadabeef.org. 20 July/August 2015

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News From the Nevada Beef Council

Ranch Burgers:

Because Sometimes, Simple is Best

From James Winstead, RDN, Director of Food and Nutrition Outreach for the Nevada Beef Council

here is nothing wrong with keeping a classic a classic. When it comes to burgers, you can find plenty of variations with different ingredients. However, this recipe takes two simple main ingredients – ranch dressing and ground beef – and makes one tasty, nutritious burger. In my conversations with consumers and health professionals, they often single out burgers as being unhealthy. In reality, it’s one of the most nutritionally dense foods on the plate when you consider what’s often served with a burger. The nutrients offered from beef greatly outweigh those found in the tomatoes, lettuce, bun, a side of French fries and soda! As a Registered Dietitian, I like to tell people to enjoy the burger, but skip the extra calories from fries and soda. Instead, enjoy a cold glass of unsweetened ice tea and side salad to complement your delicious and nutritious burger. Ranch Burger Ingredients •

1 pound Ground Beef (93% lean or leaner)

•

1/4 cup soft bread crumbs

•

1 egg white

•

1 teaspoon seasoned salt

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•

1 medium red onion, cut crosswise into 1/2-inch thick slices

•

1 tablespoon vegetable oil, divided

•

4 hamburger buns, split, toasted

•

Romaine lettuce, tomato slices

•

1/4 cup reduced-fat creamy ranch dressing

Instructions •

Combine Ground Beef, bread crumbs, egg white and seasoned salt in medium bowl, mixing lightly but thoroughly. Lightly shape into four 1/2-inch thick patties. Brush onion slices with 1/2 tablespoon oil.

•

Place patties and onion slices on grill over medium, ashcovered coals. Grill patties, covered, 8 to 10 minutes (over medium heat on preheated gas grill 7 to 9 minutes), until instant-read thermometer inserted horizontally into center of the patties registers 160°F, turning occasionally.

•

Grill onions, 11 to 13 minutes or until tender, brushing with remaining 1/2 tablespoon oil and turning occasionally.

•

Line bottom of each bun with lettuce. Place tomatoes and burgers on lettuce. Spoon dressing over burgers; top with onions. Serve and enjoy!

The Progressive Rancher

July/August 2015 21

Churchill FFA

hurchill County FFA kicked off their summer by joining several other FFA Chapters at the Nevada FFA Summer Leadership Camp at Lake Tahoe, Nevada hosted by the newly installed 2015-2016 Nevada FFA State officer team. Churchill County FFA is very proud to be represented by Blane Merkley as our Nevada FFA State Vice President. While attending campers gained valuable personal connections and leadership skills that will continue to benefit them for the rest of their lives. Summer Leadership Camp isn’t all work and no play! There are many chances for members to enjoy activities like swimming, lounging at the beach, or joining in on a friendly volleyball or basketball game. Churchill County FFA enjoyed many successes over the course of the week. Sydney Felton, our 2015-2016 CCFFA Vice President, was chosen to be the 2015-2016 Western Zone FFA Vice President as well. The chapter dominated the volleyball courts ending the tournament with a 3 win and 0 loss record. As the chapter heads back to Fallon we look forward to many exciting events like hosting a cookies and milk booth during the newly combined Cantaloupe Festival and Churchill Country Fair over Labor Day weekend to raise funds for our trip to the National FFA Convention in Louisville, Kentucky in October to represent the state in the Dairy Cattle Evaluation and Milk Products and Quality Evaluation contests. CCFFA will also be collaborating with the Churchill County Farm Bureau and Churchill

County 4-H during the Labor Day Weekend events. Five CCFFA members will be attending the Nevada Youth Range Camp to prepare for the Range Evaluation Contest in the Fall. Many members are preparing livestock projects for the Nevada State Fair in July and the Silver State Fair in August. Our officer team will be participating in a retreat together to further develop the leadership skills that they have learned at Nevada FFA’s Summer Leadership Camp and plan the activities for the rest of our year. A wonderful experience and great way to start the summer and new FFA year!

www.lifespringdesign.com 22 July/August 2015

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Wells FFA

n Tuesday, May 5, the final gavel tap signified not only the adjournment of the Wells FFA Chapter’s Annual Parent/Member Banquet, but also marked the end of a great year for the Wells Chapter and a bright beginning for the year to come. The Banquet was called to order by Chapter President, Deseret Johnson. Some highlights of the program included the introduction of special guests and presentation of Certificates of Appreciation. The senior chapter members recognized their parents and the chapter officers presented the Honorary Membership Ceremony where they elected Beth and Robert Downy, Julie and Brian Gale, Chris and Pala Otto, Darcy and LeAnn Tate, and Donna Webster to honorary membership. The ChapState Champion Environmental Natural Resources team ter Scholarship Award was presented to the chapter members with a 4.0+ G.P.A. and Cody Gibbs and Kenedy Craft gave a reJohnson, Camberlin Uhlig and Victoria Young were also on the team. port of the Chapter’s trip to State Convention. Homesite Evaluation came in third with Justin Monroe On March 17th, 36 members of The Wells FFA Chapter left for State Convention at the University of Nevada Reno. The Wells FFA Chap- as fourth high individual and Joseph Tate was also on the team. In the Job Interview Competition, Deseret Johnson ter members had worked tirelessly to prepare to compete in a variety came in second with Wyatt Gibbs close behind receiving third. of Career Development Events against other chapters from all over Dairy Cattle Evaluation took second with DeMar Gale as third high the state. This year the Wells FFA chapter won eleven team golds as individual. Wyatt Gibbs, Teigan Myers, well as numerous first place individuals. and Patrick Wines were also on the team. The Farm Business Management Poultry Science came in second with team took first with Kacey Mae Franco Kacey Mae Franco as fifth high individuas first high individual, DeMar Gale al. Jacqueline Huff, Shauna Wilson and as second high individual and DysDystany Young were also on the team. tany Young as fourth high individual. Nursery Landscape took second with Junior Farm Business Management Crystal Lake as first high individual. Jotook first with Liberty Johnson as first seph Tate and Elexis Swisher were also high individual, Ruth Gale and Ben Balon the team. lard and Cody Gibbs tied for second Livestock Evaluation came in fourth high individual. Camberlin Uhlig and with Patrick Wines, DeMar Gale, Teigan Marshall Botts were also on the team. Myers and Brennen Hooper on the team. Senior Parliamentary Procedure Agriculture Mechanics competed took first with Chelsea James as high with a team of Matthew Morgan, Brenchair person. Hailey Swan, Deseret nen Hooper, Steven Wright, Levi Talbert, Johnson, Zalie Peters, Kenedy Craft and and Kaysen Sorensen. State Champion Junior Farm Business Management team DeMar Gale were also on the team. Horse Evaluation competed with Aspen Floriculture took first place with DeWhinnery as third high individual. Kaysen Sorensen and Jessica Solis seret Johnson as first high individual, and Chelsea James as fourth high were also on the team. individual. Jacqueline Huff and Rachel Johnny were also on the team. Veterinary Medicine competed with Kenedy Craft, Hailey Swan, and Liberty Johnson won the Creed Speaking competition! Novice FloriJessica Solis. culture took first with Mikayla Rodriguez as first high individual. Mallorie Joseph Tate, Jaqueline Huff, Shauna Wilson, Hailey Swan, Teigan Limardo, Elexis Swisher, and Roberto Roque-Luna were also on the team. Meat Science and Technology took first with Deseret John- Myers, Wyatt Gibbs, Rachel Johnny, DeMar Gale, and Tessa Hubert all son as second high individual, Chelsea James as third high in- received their State FFA Degrees. Tessa Hubert was also elected as the Nevada State FFA Treasurer! dividual, Zalie Peters fourth, and Justin Monroe fifth. After the state results were announced, a nominating committee made Environmental Natural Resources took first with DeMar Gale up of members of the Wells Chapter gave their report announcing the as first high individual, Pat Wines as second high individual, Wy2015/2016 Chapter Officer team. They are: DeMar Gale, President; Chelsea att Gibbs third and Joseph Tate fourth. Range Science took first James, Vice President; Liberty Johnson, Secretary; Ben Ballard, Treasurer; with Deseret Johnson as first high individual, DeMar Gale second, Wyatt Gibbs third. Chelsea James was also on the team. Deseret Johnson, Reporter; and Zalie Peters as Sentinel. The Wells FFA Novice Parliamentary Procedure took first with Ben Ballard re- Chapter is very excited to start a new year and would like to thank all of the ceiving the High Chairperson award. Cody Gibbs, Ruth Gale, Liberty people who do so much to support them! www.progressiverancher.com

The Progressive Rancher

July/August 2015 23

Grazing Management for Fine Fuels & Annual Grass Ranges Exploring the Science and Strategic Plan Development

By Ryan S. Shane and Maggie Orr

heatgrass causes us to recognize fire and fuels management are a high-stakes endeavor for the future resistance and resilience of sagebrush rangelands,” began Sherm Swanson of UNR, opening the Nevada Society for Range Management winter workshop in January 2015. “Dependence on cheatgrass, noted for variable forage production, is not economically easy for ranchers; the challenge for agencies and all of us working together is to find solutions to the problem of mega-fires after very wet years. Triple bottom line sustainable ways to use our most extensively available tool, livestock grazing, require open communication that embraces the whole problem set. Recent drought environmental assessments have missed this larger problem. It is time to empower tools with NEPA documented planning that embraces climate variability and the bigger fire problem, along with the economic stability necessary to implement the tools. Finding durable solutions will require cooperation among diverse stakeholders and produce better decisions, improved relationships, and sustainable communities and landscapes.” With this workshop, NvSRM continued and expanded the discussion begun on last summer’s tour north of Winnemucca discussed in the September/October 2014 issue of The Progressive Rancher. Presenters included livestock producers, rangeland scientists, the state climatologist, BLM state range lead and a fire and fuels specialist. During rehabilitation and active vegetation management, Dan Harmon, USDA Agricultural Research Service (ARS), recommends six steps for ensuring the establishment and persistence of perennial grasses: 1. Understand your site potential and recognize that it is dynamic, continually changing based oannual weather and plant community structure. 2. Measure your cheatgrass threat potential by sampling the soil seed bank; the how-to can be found at previous article mentioned above. 3. Implement active weed control as needed prior to rehabilitation seeding to reduce competition from cheatgrass; 4. Seed the most cost effective long-lived perennial grass species with the highest potential for plant establishment; 5. Manage lands to achieve the goal of perennial grass establishment, cheatgrass suppression, and functional plant succession; 6. Actively manage lands to increase species diversity and maintain a healthy perennial grass component. UNR and NRCS are close to completing state and transition models on Major Land Resource Areas 24, 25 ,28A, and 28B, and they are currently working on 23 and 26. When these are complete, the team, led by Dr. Tamzen Stringham, will have provided a road map on how natural resources will react to changes in management by specific ecological site for the northern two-thirds of Nevada. These have been incorporated into Disturbance Response Groups. Dr. Stringham diligently made the point that lands may look similar, and have similar vegetation but act very different in response to changes in management or environmental conditions. If an area burns more than once it will respond differently after each time particularly if you are in less than a 10-inch precipitation zone. Mike Scott of the NDOW game division stated, “there are two dynamics at work in Nevada: too much and not enough fire. It creates two issues; northern 24 July/August 2015

Seeding vs not seeding post fire - Rick Miller Nevada, which used to have vast stands of sagebrush, has seen too much fire, and central and southeast Nevada has grown too much PJ due to not enough fire.” In many areas of the state and imbalance of seasonal habitat availability has caused deer to decrease, while grass eating species like antelope and elk have increased substantially. Sage grouse seem to lose in both instances. Dr. Barry Perryman, UNR, pointed out that while all of the processes and paradigms of current management are based on steady state or linear models and thinking, the reality is that rangelands in the Great Basin are pulse systems. State Climatologist, Douglas Boyle, reported the climate in the Great Basin is highly variable and the current droughts that we are facing may be short-lived, though there is significant evidence throughout the region to suggest that much longer term and more severe droughts have occurred. Based on predictions, variability in the climate may increase. Brad Schultz of UNCE noted that plants can recover and produce enough in drought years to reseed and recover; the plants can succeed and survive

Spring Grazing to Reduce Cheatgrass and Increase Perennials - Perryman

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Nevada Ranchers Caretakers of our

Cheatgrass fire - Perryman with 75% of the moisture available in drought years. We need to ask, what is drought for a desert-suited plant? Dr. Perryman said flexibility should be the foundation of any management or plan to operate toward success in a fluctuating environment. Fewer fires get away, but the ones that do become large or even mega fires; fuels have to be reduced across a landscape to change the trend. According to Dr. Kirk Davies of USDA ARS, livestock grazing represents the only way for us to achieve landscape scale fine fuels reduction. Dr. Perryman went on to say that landscape fine fuels management means that we need some type of NEPA authorization for grazing cheatgrass and other fine fuels when they become persistent and voluminous. He also mentioned that cheatgrass prefers to germinate in its own litter, but that can be reduced by fall grazing, likely reducing germination rates of cheatgrass. In recent studies, Devon Snyder of UNR found that early season grazing after wildfires where bluegrass was present could reduce cheatgrass and promote bluegrass. Dr. Davies’ latest research indicates that livestock grazing can reduce wildfire risk and that we can make management actions to improve out comes following fire. Reducing fuels can also result in decreased plant mortality during wildfire by lowering fire temperatures and residence times. Dr. Chad Boyd, USDA ARS, said up to 64% of perennial grasses died in their fire experiments, and if repeated fires happen, the additive effect can be substantially greater. All it takes is five to seven minutes at 60-100C to kill the plants. Most of the mortality occurs in shrub-grasslands where grasses are underneath the shrub canopy because the most heat is generated there during a fire. Lower fire intensities also allows easier control by fire suppression forces due to decreased flame lengths and the option to direct attack the fire. Performing grazing for fuels reduction in the dormant season may be a great option because there is less potential to negatively impact desirable perennial vegetation, fuel loads are known, and site-specific grazing treatments can be developed. Kathryn Dyer, BLM State Range Program Lead, provided background to address the annual grass and fine fuels dilemma with livestock grazing. One option would be to designate lands as annual rangelands, which would

The Society for Range Management (SRM) is “the professional society dedicated to supporting persons who work with rangelands and have a commitment to sustainable use.” SRM’s members are ranchers, land managers, scientists, educators, students, conservationists – a diverse membership guided by a professional code of ethics and unified by a strong land ethic. This series of articles is dedicated to connecting the science of range management with the art, by applied science on the ground in Nevada. Articles are the opinion of the author and may not be an official position of SRM. Further information and a link to submit suggestions or questions are available at the Nevada Section website at http://nevada.rangelands. org/ . SRM’s main webpage is www.rangelands.org. We welcome your comments.

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Rangelands

Cowboys and sheepherders produce food and ﬁber for the nation. Growing food on Open range is a natural biological process. Grazing actually beneﬁts the land with hoof action and natural fertilization. Plants are healthier and regenerate faster after the herds move to a new range. Antelope and other game animals and birds take advantage of the improvements

Grazing cattle and sheep coexist peacefully with native wildlife and, in fact, make a friendlier habitat for many species.

Sheep often graze on steep terrain and can control cheatgrass, a major fuel for wildﬁres. Nevada Rangeland Resources Commission was created by the State of Nevada to promote responsible public land grazing. Representatives come from Nevada state grazing boards, Nevada Woolgrowers, Nevada Farm Bureau, and Nevada Cattlemen’s Association.

4780 East Idaho Steet, Elko, NV 89801 • 775-738-4082 WWW.NEVADARANGELANDS.ORG

This ad is funded through the NRRC’s assessment of 10 cents an AUM paid by public land ranchers.

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July/August 2015 25

Sage Grouse Drinking from Livestock Trough - Stacy Davies

allow allocation of annual species as forage, but this designation would reduce the land’s priority for rehabilitation funds and require a different permitting process. She also talked about using activity plans, temporary non-renewable (TNR), and NEPA planning documents to address the issue as well. More specifically, TNR requires an EA which would take more time to write and approve than the grazing season allows. However, a NEPA document could be written to cover fuels reduction activities. Also, during permit renewal EA processes, conditions could be cited that warrant a change in management to meet resource objectives. She proposes that term permit language could include If / Then statements, where if certain conditions occur, then specific management approaches would be allowed. This approach would require monitoring and documentation to achieve. Another option would be to prescribe targeted grazing through NEPA, though this would be a costly alternative for producers and would be comparable to Stewardship Contracting. Ranch manager Stacy Davies of the Roaring Springs Ranch in Harney County, Oregon, employs targeted grazing and has documented fire presuppression effectiveness on his ranch and BLM allotments. His ranch employs a full time wildlife biologist to ensure that a holistic approach is used for natural resource management, though livestock grazing still pays the bills. Today’s ranch contributes $4.27 per cow per day; this economic impact to local communities should be considered. Davies experienced gridlock in the past; he has formed a good working relationship with his federal counterparts more recently to overcome the issues. For example, a couple of years ago they had waist-high cheatgrass growing in a 100,000 acre pasture which they all agreed could use some grazing; 4,500 cows were put in the pasture from February to August. When lighting ignited a fire within the pasture that fall, it did not spread. He says the key to this type of grazing is very close monitoring; they have cowboys that live with the herd. The minute they switch to grazing perennials, the animals are moved. What allows them to be flexible is an Allotment Management Plan (AMP), which includes adaptive management language. Panelist statements included, but were not limited to: • “Fire professional’s participation in this process is essential to help find solutions,” said retired Fire Chief Jim Reinhardt. • Tina Mudd, NDA, said, “Conservation Districts could be instrumental at establishing cooperative monitoring programs to support prescribed grazing treatments.” • Dr. Davies noted that high production years and years immediately following them provide the highest level of risk and the greatest opportunity for grazing to contribute to the health of rangelands. • John McLain, RCI, stated, “Allotment Management Plans are a way that ranchers can get the flexibility needed for prescribed grazing.” • “The USFWS will support scientifically backed flexibility in management,” vowed Susan Abele. • “Resource professionals should have an open mind about using 26 July/August 2015

non-native species to rehabilitate rangelands given they have an appropriate time and place for use,” said Lee Turner, NDOW. • Some ranchers are willing to be flexible in grazing operations, but they need BLM to allow flexibility. “I need the agency to work with me to accomplish proper grazing management,” said Gary McCuin with the JD Ranch. Ideas were gathered, on the second day, at the strategic development roundtable to create solutions and next steps. These included, but were not limited to: • Produce a template for NEPA-authorized grazing plan utilizing If/ Then terms approach utilizing Disturbance Response Groups as foundation. • Produce or find examples in existence to help BLM and ranchers with fine fuels management planning using cohesive planning strategies. • Produce Disturbance Response Groups for the rest of Nevada. • Recruit livestock operators willing to engage and implement innovative management. • Form or reactivate a Coordinated Resource Management Group in Nevada. • Agency ideas need to be gathered regarding how the larger range management community can help them succeed with their goals. • Demonstrate and publicize changes on the ground as soon as possible. • Get buy-in from the ranching industry. The technical presentations for the conference can be found at http:// tinyurl.com/kpgvrxn and the post-conference report can be found at http://tinyurl.com/mulhn5o . The Nevada Section of the Society for Range Management views the topic of this conference as a keystone issue in the state and has committed to following the progress made through time. You are invited to participate in the continuing quest for solutions at the NvSRM Summer Workshop on August 6-8, 2015 at the Roaring Springs Ranch that was discussed above, near Frenchglen, Oregon. We will be touring and discussing how solutions can be created and achieved. We hope you will join us to enrich the conversation.

Livestock Grazing on Cheatgrass in Nevada - Perryman

“The Nevada Rangeland Resource Commission (NRRC) acknowledges and endorses the worthwhile effort of the Nevada Section of the Society for Range Management in dealing with the annual grass fire fuels and grazing management challenges in Nevada and throug out the West. The NRRC was created by the State of Nevada to promote responsible public land grazing. NRRC representatives come from Nevada state grazing boards, Nevada woolgrowers, Nevada farm bureau, and Nevada cattlemen’s association.”

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Battle Mt. Permittees Turn Out! By Jennifer B Whiteley “Special Assignment Writer”

n the last couple of years many BLM permittees in the Battle Mountain District elected to not use their designated grazing AUM’s to help rehabilitate their grazing allotments in the area by taking voluntary cuts in AUM’s. Other permittees were denied use of their grazing rights and forced to take mandatory cuts in AUM’s, even on their own private land that was interspersed with BLM land. Then it rained. It rained a lot. The grass grew. They were still in a drought, but there was grass, and it was going to dry out and become a fire hazard if cows were not allowed to graze it. Still the BLM would not back down, or allow grazing by livestock. This is true for Eddyann and Dan Filippini of the Badger Ranch of Battle Mountain. In 1989 they bought the Badger Ranch from Leroy Horn, who purchased it from the Rufi brothers. The Rufi family settled it in the 1800’s. The Badger Ranch water rights go back to 1862 and the ranch had rights to the land prior to the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934. The Badger Ranch and its owners have the original claim to lands surrounding to for grazing by cattle. The Taylor Grazing Act was intended to “stop injury to the public grazing lands by preventing overgrazing and soil deterioration; to provide for their orderly use, improvement, and development; [and] to stabilize the livestock industry dependent upon the public range.” This act was designed to help the government and ranchers find a middle ground for the best of the range. The BLM can claim only about 3% of the 100,000 acre North Buffalo Allotment that is attached to the Badger Ranch, and none of the water rights. Yet they control the entire allotment. As those of us in Northern Nevada know, we cannot raise enough beef to meet the rising demand for food in the United States. Without our BLM and Forest Service permits, we are literally sunk in ranching. We can’t raise enough grass on our private lands to feed the number of cattle needed to feed America. Ranchers are the original environmentalists, and even in years of drought we strive to find a happy medium grazing on public lands. We know if we remove too much of the grass and feed, there will not be enough grass to come back to next year, but if we don’t take enough of the grasses and feed, we create a serious fire hazard. If the allotment burns, not only livestock suffer, but wildlife and recreationists suffer as well. Eddyann stated “BLM is obligated to manage the land under its care for a healthy environment. It is also obligated to respect ranching as one of the congressionally mandated uses of our public lands. So long as facts and science, and not personal agendas, drive BLM management decisions, we and the entire ranching community in the West will be able to work in partnership with the BLM to manage our beautiful western land for its resource values and for the men and women who make a living from the land.” The North Buffalo Allotment is roughly 97% privately owned, but the Public Land dispersed throughout it isn’t fenced out, and is managed by the BLM. The Filippini family owns all of the water rights, yet 28 July/August 2015

the BLM controls the allotment. In May when the family went into the district office to pay their annual grazing fees, they were informed that they would not be able to until an agreement was reached on the Argenta grazing allotment, which isn’t tied to the North Buffalo allotment. In early June the Filippini’s advised the BLM’s acting District Manager, John Ruhs, of their intentions to turn out in spite of the BLM’s ruling against it, and later received a call from Ruhs saying the BLM would not stop them, that they were authorized their Exchange of Use AUM’s for the allotment. With the support of neighbors, friends, former Assemblyman John Carpenter, and Elko County Commissioners Demar Dahl and Rex Steninger, Dan and Eddyann Filippini were able to turn out cattle on the North Buffalo Allotment. Despite criticism from Western Watersheds Project, “The BLM is enabling this kind of behavior by coddling Nevada ranchers who ae surely emboldened by the lack of law enforcement within the agency and the lack of a commitment on behalf of our government to protect the public trust – the lands, waters, and wildlife that are already suffering from the drought and will now be further abused by these private cows.” said Ken Cole, Idaho Director for Western Watersheds Project. Filippini’s and the BLM are receiving support from local ranchers and industry leaders. In a statement released by the Nevada Cattlemen’s Association, the NCA applauded the BLM and permittees for aggressively working to find a solution to the closed grazing areas in the North Buffalo Allotment. “Creative thinking, adaptive management, and cooperation are the critical tools needed in moving forward with grazing management in the Great Basin.” J.J. Goicoechea, DVM also encourages the Filippini family. “The recent development in the Battle Mountain District are the results of cooperation and determination. Through a process of open dialogue and a willingness to give and take, stakeholders were able to come to agreements and areas that had been closed to grazing are once again open. While there are considerable restraints placed on the permittees with regard to utilization levels and grazing management, a grazing plan is now in place and some fuels can be removed from the range before the upcoming fire season. There has been considerable time and resources spent on trying to find a solution by many stakeholders. Throughout this process there has been tremendous stress place upon our friends and neighbors impacted. I applaud them for staying strong and finding the will to continue to not only fight, but hold their operations together. The work of the National riparian Team needs to be recognized as well. These processes are exhaustive and can consume individuals who pour everything they have into finding solutions. While words are never quite enough, I want to thank the team, the permittees, their consultants and counsel, and especially Nevada BLM and Acting Director Ruhs for the commitment to see this through. On behalf of a grateful industry, I thank you all and hope the path forward can serve as an example of cooperation and adaptive management.”

The Progressive Rancher

www.progressiverancher.com

P. O. BOX 310 ELKO, NV 89803 775-738-9214 775-738-5208 fax nca@nevadabeef.org

NLAA Dues Notice Letter J. Goicoechea, DVM, President Nevada Land Action Association

Photography by Uhgalde photo

here is no doubt that we are currently experiencing some of the most challenging times in Nevada ranching history. There is very little any of us can do about a lack of snow and irrigation water, but while a significant problem for many of, it isn’t the only big issue facing us. The proposed Land Use Plan Amendments based on the Greater Sage Grouse EIS is probably highest on the list for many natural resource based industries including agriculture. Another key area of concern is the continued application of agency prescribed drought response actions based on BLM Drought Environmental Assessments. Of course Nevada is still challenged with having the lion’s share of wild horses and in this current era of very little to no active management of these populations, we look to continue to wrestle with this problem. So other than stating the obvious, what can we, as protectors of agriculture and grazing in Nevada do? The answer is to join or renew membership and conthhribute to the Nevada Land Action Association. NLAA was created in 1976 to help defend public land grazing and agriculture in general in Nevada. Since its inception, NLAA has challenged several decisions and actions that had potential and often realized negative impacts on our industry. The last two years the involvement of NLAA in legal matters has drastically increased. As an example, NLAA has contributed financially to the on-going Nevada Association of Counties and the Nevada Farm Bureau lawsuit asking the BLM to abide by the 1971 Wild and Free Roaming Horse and Burro Act. While Federal Judge Du did not decide to hear oral arguments on the case and subsequently dismissed the case, NACO and the Farm Bureau have appealed the decision and NLAA has supported this effort. With continuing reductions in AUM use across much of Nevada, NLAA feels it is imperative to have the BLM manage the extremely over populated Wild Horse herds in Nevada at approved levels and in a manner consistent with thriving natural ecological balance. Allowing large populations of horses to go unchecked while all other users of our natural resources pull together to conserve the sagebrush ecosystem and wildlife habitat cannot continue. As producers, recreationists, sportsmen, and true conservationists,

we spend more time observing habitats, forage, water, and trends than anyone else. We don’t need a drought monitor or an agency document to tell us when it’s dry and that management changes may be needed. NLAA has met the challenge of the BLM Drought Management Plans (Drought Environmental Assessments) head on. To date, we have committed a huge amount of resources toward a legal challenge on the Battle Mt. District Drought EA. The response actions present in that document will be disastrous to the agricultural community and lead to continued fragmentation of wildlife habitat by increased fire and less productive rangelands. Leadership in NLAA remain fully engaged in efforts to support Nevada’s Conservation Plan for the Greater Sage Grouse. With that said, we must not lose sight of the fact that litigation is going to occur on BLM Resource Management Plan Amendments, a listing decision, and habitat designations. Whether we, as users of our natural resources, agree with defendants or plaintiffs, WE MUST BE PREPARED TO PARTICIPATE IN LITIGATION. Our ways of life, families, and rural communities must be fought for and protected.

Participation in and providing funding to groups fighting for conservation of our natural resources and protection of multiple uses, is no longer optional.

The time to stand together and push back on multiple fronts is now. Whether you are a sportsman who enjoys stalking a buck near a spring developed by and maintained by a rancher, the father of children who enjoy camping in Nevada’s great outdoors, a store owner who depends on a stable rural economy, or a fifth generation rancher NLAA works for you and needs your support. The next 12 months are critical for Nevada agriculture and our rural economies. If you are currently a member of NLAA, renew your dues today. If you are not a member, contact NLAA and become a member. Organizations opposed to our ways of life are heavily funded, and well organized. NLAA has the will power and commitment to fight the battles against these groups and overreaching federal agencies, but we MUST have your help. Please renew your membership today and if you are not a member, join NLAA and contribute to the protection of our natural resources and multiple uses.

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Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest Employees Clean Up Marijuana Grow Area

GOP cheers as chief formally ‘ withdraws groundwater rule

orest Service Chief Tom Tidwell today formally withdrew a proposal to more carefully gauge how the agency’s land management decisions affect groundwater. The agency’s groundwater directive<https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/05/06/2014-10366/proposed-directive-on-groundwater-resource-management-forest-service-manual-2560>, unveiled in May 2014, had sparked a torrent of criticism from Republicans and Western governors who argued it could usurp states’ authority to allocate water. The Forest Service’s notice of withdrawal

ly, NV; June 9, 2015 – In late May, several HumboldtToiyabe National Forest employees worked to clean up debris from a massive marijuana grow discovered and eliminated last August on the Ely Ranger District near Big Creek in Nye County, Nevada. <https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2015/06/19/2015-15151/proposedIn August 2014, a deer hunter found and reported the garden’s existence directive-ongroundwater-resource-management-forest-service-manual-2560> to authorities. Forest Service, Bureau in today’s Federal Register acknowledges those concerns but calls them of Land Management, Las Vegas Metunfounded. While the proposal was received favorably by tribes and ro, and Nye County law enforcement conservation groups, the agency “must have further discussions” with agents subsequently entered the Big other stakeholders before moving forward with the proposal, it said. Creek Marijuana Garden and eradi“The proposed directives did not, and any future actions will not, cated over 9,000 plants, resulting in infringe on state authority, impose requirements on private landowners or change the long-standing relationship between the Forest Service, states, tens of millions of dollars’ worth of and tribes on water,” the notice reads. “The intent of any new groundwater illicit drugs being taken off the street. proposed directive or next steps would be to establish a clearer and more One arrest was made in connection consistent approach to evaluating and monitoring the effects of actions on with the garden. groundwater resources of the National Forest System.” While the initial eradication was The move drew praise from House Natural Resources Chairman Rob a huge success, the mess left behind Bishop (R-Utah), whose panel discussed the rule at a hearing in April with by the illegal operation was an envithe Forest Service’s Leslie Weldon, deputy chief of the national forest sysronmental disaster, with debris left tem. “Finally, after more than a year, states and private water rights holders strewn over a mile-long stretch of Big can have some peace of mind in knowing this policy is now officially off the Creek’s banks. Signs suggested the table,” Bishop said in a statement this afternoon. “From the outset the Forgrow been operating for several years est Service failed to identify any practical or legal basis for this directive.” prior to its discovery and ultimate Tidwell had announced in February that the directive had been placed on Pipe in creek runs for a mile destruction. hold pending further discussions with Western stakeholders, but Bishop and During the recent twofive other leading Republicans in March asked that he permanently withdraw it day weekend clean-up, the (E&E Daily<http://www.eenews.net/eedaily/stories/1060014991>, March 13). eight-person group elimiThe withdrawal comes a day after a Senate Energy and Natural Renated the entire infrastrucsources panel held a hearing to discuss a GOP bill to combat what critics ture that included dwelling describe as “federal water grabs” in the West including the groundwater distructures and two marijuarective (E&E Daily<http://www.eenews.net/eedaily/stories/1060020533>, June 19). na processing stations; over The directive would have required the Forest Service to better account a mile of plastic pipe from for how surface uses such as wells and mines would affect groundwater and the creek bed along with two groundwater-dependent ecosystems. If potential harm were discovered, the large dams; pipelines in the agency would work with forest users to mitigate those impacts. 1.5-acre actual garden; and Dozens of conservation groups rallied behind the directive, saying in more than 50 burlap sacks comments <http://docs.nrdc.org/water/files/wat_14090401a.pdf> submitted to full of trash. The group also the Forest Service that it provides long-overdue recognition of the interconfound and removed another nectedness of groundwater and surface water, and the need to better track Big Creek Cleanup previously unknown satellite grow operation. how groundwater withdrawals affect ecosystems and downstream users. Because the grow was originally detected close to marijuana harvest time, the clean-up had been delayed until it was safer to work in the area. “I am proud of our employees who took the time and energy to clean up this overwhelming accumulation of trash to restore this area’s ecological health,” said Ely Acting District Ranger Martina Barnes. People who see suspicious activity while out in the forest should first back out the way they entered the area. Acquiring a global positioning system (GPS) point or photos are helpful if it seems safe to do so. Once in a safe location, reporting the concern to either Forest Service or local law enforcement is appreciated. People can also contact the local ranger district with the information. Burlap sacks full of trash Debris left over a mile-long stretch of riverbanks 30 July/August 2015

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RANGE PLANTS FOR THE RANCHER By Paul T. Tueller, Ph.D., CRMC

Kentucky Bluegrass

rasses, members of the Poaceae family of higher plants, Owing to its short stature it is easily crowded out by taller plant species are the lifeblood of grazing over much of the world. So where grazing or cutting is infrequent and/or a tall stubble height is left, for this issue I describe and discuss Kentucky Bluegrass but it may remain as an understory plant until shaded out completely. (Poa pratensis, L.). This grass is found in meadow en- Once established it rapidly colonizes meadows, pastures, and turf. Due vironments over most of Northern Nevada. Kentucky to need for ample soil water availability and cool conditions, spring and bluegrass has long been one of the most important cool season grass early summer plus a period in the fall are times of greatest growth rate. It species planted in the west. This grass has been used for lawns, athletic reaches anthesis (the flowering period when the flower is fully expended fields, golf course fairways, tees, and rough, and been widely planted for and functioning) 10 or more days earlier than some associated species pastures in regions where it thrives. This plant is very valuable for live- such as orchardgrass, smooth bromegrass, and timothy. Kentucky bluegrass is good for livestock and wildlife especially in early stock grazing because it is adapted to such a wide range of climates and soils. You might think it is a native species, but like many other or our spring when other plants are not yet growing. It is considered undesirable in range species Kentucky bluegrass arrived in North America along with hay meadows but is very valuable as a forage in meadows. Forage can have traders and settlers from Europe. Some think it is so common and well high or low quality, because if sampled early, Kentucky bluegrass will be used around the United States for so long that it ought to be considered more mature than other species. However, if prtoperly managed, quality is as being a naturalized member of our flora. Kentucky bluegrass is ubiqui- excellent in pastures, with high crude protein content and high digestibiltous in permanent pastures in humid, temperate regions of the US, ity. Further, digestibility declines less rapidly than other cool-season occurring in every state and extending into Canada. They tolerate a grasses. Kentucky bluegrass has wide range of environments from 30 to 83 degrees N latitude, from no known problems arising when sea level to 4,000 meters (13,120 feet). In Nevada this good grazing livestock or wildlife plant is found in many meadow pastures across northern Nevada graze the herbage. and is a valuable forage plant. Every Nevada ranchKentucky bluegrass is a sod forming rhizomatous cool season er will be pleased if perennial grass that is adapted to climates with warm summers and he has, in his meadcold winters. It has a perennial root system in which maximum root ows, a good sward of system development occurs after one to two years from planting or Kentucky bluegrass. establishment and occurs naturally in many meadows across northern Nevada. While there is an annual flush of new roots in spring many of last yearâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roots remain alive and functioning. Because many roots live through the winter, it is not unusual to dig up a patch of healthy bluegrass and observe that most of the roots appear brown. In general Kentucky bluegrass is an upright grower. There are literally hundreds of cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass and many produce outstanding turf. Kentucky bluegrass has open panicles that are pyramidal or oblong-pyramidal in shape. Leaves are folded in the bud shoot with blades that are parallel-sided and terminate in a boatshaped tip that is characteristic of the genus Poa. Its sheath is flattened and smooth and has overlapping margins. The spikelets in the raceme are 3- to 6- flowered (3-6mm long), laterally compressed, nearly as wide as long. The lemmas are keeled (2.5-4mm long) acute or obtuse with 5 pubescent nerves, and with cobwebby hairs at the base of the palea. Kentucky bluegrass tolerates a wide range of soils and tolerates flooding, but not a high water table. It is neither acid- nor alkali-tolerant, but survives in a pH range of 5.8 to 8.2. Kentucky bluegrass is not as high yielding as some other cool-season grasses but has many favorable qualities including its vigorous creeping growth via rhizomes, tolerance to close grazing, and high palatability. Plants have a low tolerance to drought but recovers well from it. Soil tolerances allows growth on a wide range of soils. Plants spread easily by rhizomes and have the ability to adapt to a wide range of environmental conditions. It is easily spread by seed, often introduced into areas in hay bales of other species or by grazing animals that have eaten the seed and later defecate somewhere else. â&#x20AC;&#x192;32â&#x20AC;&#x192;July/August 2015

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e as parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles would do anything to help and promote our kids, wouldn’t we? We give them calves and horses, we buy them pick-ups, trailers, even homes and ranches. by Pastor Diana Gonzalez We f ix stuff for them, feed them, and love them unconditionally. But how many of us know for sure where our kids are going to spend eternity? I have observed how parents love these precious little ones; they are so dear to us. Yet, sometimes those same loving parents give no thought to where their little ones are going to spend eternity. We need to train our little ones up on the Word of God so that they can live victoriously in this world, yet not be of this world. Read I John 3:24-46. “Greater is He (Jesus) who is in us, than he (Satan) who is in the world.” Now read I John 5:1-5. So who lives in victory in this world? Verse 5 says, “He who believes that Jesus is the Son of God overcomes the world!” We as parents cannot say we love our children if we won’t bother to find out what the Bible says about parenting them. Proverbs 22:6 says, “Train up a child in the way he (or she) should go and even when he (or she) is old he will not depart from it.” Depart from what? The training of the Word of God. We need to train our children and grandchildren to be Christ-like, Christians. Why? To overcome the world and its sinful ways. Let’s teach our children to be led of the Lord, and not fall into the deadly sins of the world. Let’s dig into the Word of God so we can be the godly examples they need. May God bless you and your children. If you have never made Jesus Lord of your life, why not do it today? Then you can know that heaven is your eternal destination. Happy trails. We love you and would love to hear from you. If you would like someone to pray with, or just have a question, please give us a call at (775) 867-3100. ‘Til next time….

Allie Bear

Real Estate

Specializing in hunting, ranching, and horse properties 640 AC N. Fifth Street (Elko, NV)

Section 25, Twp.35N, Rge.54E. Water Well and seasonal creek through property. Close to Elko’s Snow Bowl ski area. Easy access, Great views of the Ruby Mountains. $400,000

Wells Arena (Wells, NV)

Old Clover Road. 12+ Acres with 15,400 sq. ft. metal building & storage shed. Power, private well. Wire and panel fenced. $480,000

Shadow Mtn. Ranch 12.5 Acres in Duck Creek Basin in Nevada.Beautiful spacious 4,000 sq. ft. home with 4 bedrooms/3 bathrooms. Water Rights Hunting and Fishing Galore! $995,000

Recanzone Ranch

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UC Merced on the subject that will shed great light on the need to thin our forests if we are to save them. Please take the time to read and listen, then share this important information with your friends, your colleagues, and your elected officials. Forest managers throughout California say that thinning forests to a more natural state is a good way to reduce the severity of wildfires. Now scientists suggest that it also could offer help in saving water in the drought. Researchers at UC Merced think that thinning overgrown forests throughout the Sierra could result in as much as a million acre feet of extra water each year for the state. That’s enough water to fill Pine Flat Lake on the Kings River east of Fresno. Roger Bales is the director of the Sierra Nevada Research Institute at UC Merced. He says years of fire suppression have left much of the Sierra overgrown with small trees that consume a lot of water. Bales says a team of UC researchers are currently studying the issue with the US Forest Service in the American River Basin and in the Sierra National Forest near Yosemite. This is the time to stand if you have not already done so. The opposition is loud, but they cannot change the facts. Please help us to continue educating throughout the states and see what you can do to help. The Progressive Rancher

Starr Valley Pasture Unique fenced 1,104 acres on Boulder Creek bordering U.S. Forest Service in Starr Valley, Nevada. Water-righted with nice meadows. $1,400,000

Howell Ranch Located in Elko County, nestled on the hillsides of the East Humboldts, north end of the Ruby Mtn. Range. Waterrighted meadows that produce 1200 average ton of hay a year. 4 homes with mature landscape. Multiple barns, shops, storages, chutes & corrals. Pond stocked with fish. Gravel pit on property. Only 10 minutes to schools, stores & restaurants. $5,000,000

Clear Creek Ranch

SALE PENDING

t’s amazing that many groups who propose to “save the environment” have convinced the public that the best thing for our forests is to leave them completely alone. Now, after years of following that advise, we are learning that, in fact, gardens are meant to be tended... and our nation’s gardens are dying. Forest experts throughout California are speaking up about the desperate need our forests have of being thinned and the positive effects that would have upon the health of those forests, not to mention the wellbeing of the people of California. It is a fact that local people know their local problems better than any person in Washington D.C.... no matter how good their intentions may be. And those who work directly with the forests of a given state know what is wrong in that forest and how to fix those problems. But mountains of red tape and bureaucracy make it impossible for them to do what they know needs to be done. The Transfer of Public Lands is essential for our forest health, for the preservation of our water, for the wellbeing of our citizens...for the sovereignty of every state. Below is the article found on Valley Public Radio. There you can listen to the nine minute interview with

Neat ranch in Paradise Valley, Nevada. 900+ acres, 300 AUMs, right by town. Original Sandstone House. Easy access to Hinkey Summit & surrounding mountains. Includes Barn, Outbuildings and Corrals. $1,390,000

South of Winnemucca, Nevada. Approx. 10,000 Deeded Acres. Approx. 740 irrigated acres, Ranch Manager’s home & equipment yard. Log Cottage

View complete listings at:

www.ARanchBroker.com

775-738-8535 Allie Bear, Broker/Realtor 775-777-6416

July/August 2015 35

GASCON

and the making of the Golden Cross By Rachel Dahl

ot unlike Gaston, the larger-than-life male character in Disney’s Beauty and the Beast, the French cattle being raised in Northern Nevada by Paul Plouviez known as “Gascon” are strong, beautiful animals, and like the song from the movie says, “as a specimen, yes…intimidating.” Plouviez owns the Bench Creek ranch in Churchill County, 50 miles east of Fallon, Nevada and has remarked how similar the geography is to the Pyrenees region of France where the Gascon were originally raised. He bought the ranch in 2006 and soon realized that “Bench Creek is not an easy ranch.” He said, “A cow has to be in good shape and have good legs and not all the breeds (of cattle) in the US are good for this kind of mountain terrain.” With a long history in the food production businesses, including healthy, natural cookies and bread products, Plouviez is now focusing efforts on taking the next stehp to produce a meat that is raised naturally from “Pasture to Plate” and offers an alternative way of thinking to the stereotype that beef is not an option for the health-conscious consumer. Plouviez is building on the success of the “grass fed” and “organic” movements to create, breed, and market the next healthy alternative in the beef production world; a meat rich in Omega-3, the nutrient normally found by consuming fish or taken by supplement for heart health. In that process, combined with the need to find a cow that would flourish on a Nevada desert outfit, Plouviez wondered, why not try the cattle that came from the Pyrenees in his home country. “With all the Basque people in this state, I wondered why no had thought to try the Gascon, which is the perfect breed for this type of geography and elevation.” Plouviez came to the US in 1981 when he was managing a medical clinic company in France. “They sent me to training in San Francisco and I didn’t go back,” he says with his charming French accent and a twinkling blueeyed laugh, “it was a bad investment for them.” He then began working in the food industry where he was able to “make a lot of money—with a bakery right downtown.” He said the work was seven days a week, twelve hour days. “We had a line out the door when we opened every morning.” From there, Plouviez opened a cookie factory to make the French Butter Cookie, a venture he calls “the worst idea I ever had.” Apparently, no one wants to buy a French cookie made in the US, he explained with another self-depreciating laugh as he shared the details of going broke in that venture. One day, at a food show, he got lucky in two respects. With buyers from all over the country attending, he met a buyer from Japan and businessman from New York. The Japanese food buyer, Shima, he married and they celebrate their 29th anniversary this year. The New York businessman suggested using wheat flour and fruit juice in his cookies and three months later the cookie factory was running 24 hours a day making product for the natural food market. Four years later with the factory running at full capacity, Plouviez was filling contracts with large, nation-wide food companies when he was bought out by Weetabix, a processing company from England that was expanding to the US. Always involved in real estate, Plouviez told his wife “maybe we can buy a little ranch to have fun with your horses.” After looking in California and deciding there was no way to make money on a ranch there, he went to look in Oregon. On the way back he detoured through Fallon to look at Bench Creek. “In January of 2006,” he recalls, “we drove up the 13-mile road through the beautiful snow-covered canyon, and looked at the ranch, and it was so pretty.” He figured if it ran 500 cattle, they could make a little money so he called his wife on the way back to the city and said he had found the place. By April they had bought the ranch from Patrick Dempsey. 36 July/August 2015

When he finally took his wife to see the ranch it was late spring and all the snow had melted. They drove for miles through the mud and pulled into the yard where Paul said Shima just looked at the place and calmly said, “we bought a junk yard?” They set about to clean up (making 60 big truck loads to the dump) and build a beautiful ranch house, outbuildings, guest house, barn and arena. He still refers to his experiences over the years with the ranch as, “the wild west.” After several years of trying to find a way to make money on a Nevada cow outfit, Plouviez is now focusing on the Gascon project. He is working with several Nevada ranchers and scientists at the University of California at Davis, to develop and produce purebred Gascon cattle in the US, as well as find a cross-breed that will flourish in the harsh high-desert conditions of Nevada ranches. Because of regulations that prevent and limit the import of live cattle into the United States, Plouviez imported the embryos, a project which came with its own extensive regulation and timeline. In order to protect the livestock native to the US, all livestock imports that are allowed are still heavily regulated, so it took over five years to finally get the originally 300 embryos here in December of 2012. Working with Dave Stix, who provided the surrogate heifers, and Kenny Lee, the first embryos were transferred in late 2012. With the help of the State Veterinarian and the University of Nevada, they transferred 75 of the embryos, and had seven purebred Gascon calves born in September 2013. The six bull calves will be used to harvest semen, and the heifer will be sent to Davis where Dr. Bret McNabb will “super ovulate” and fertilize her eggs to create embryos that will then be transferred to surrogates for another round of purebred calves. In 2013 Plouviez then crossed 60 Gascon embryos with different cattle including Black Angus, Limousin, and Red Angus. The “Golden Cross” has turned out to be the Gascon/Black Angus. Although the Gascon are a light grey color, when crossed with the Angus, calves are born black, which in the marketing world, Plouviez says are worth about 20 more cents per pound. Additionally, the meat has the traditional flavor that is so popular with the Angus breed, but also is rich in natural Omega-3 fatty acids, developed through a feeding program that focuses on the use of flaxseed. According to Plouviez and his scientists, by feeding the cattle a finishing diet that includes flaxseed that has been extruded to make the Omega-3 more available for the digestion process, they can produce the highest quality meat that is rich in naturally occurring, rather than added, Omega-3 and is more healthy for the consumer. In addition to developing a more healthy beef product, Plouviez is working on opening a store in Reno that will feature the Sierra Basque Ranch beef. The store is slated to open late this summer on Plumb Lane as the Butcher Boy Meat Market, and will carry beef, poultry, and pork, all rich in the natural Omega-3. Jason Storm, a livestock grower in Fallon, has been working with Plouviez and has seven Angus/Gascon calves born this spring. He is now is starting a Holstein to Gascon cross, and agrees with Plouviez in the effort to perfect beef for the “healthy consumer.” “We eat a lot of garbage in this country and once you start eating healthy you start feeling better and then you become passionate to get rid of all the fake things we eat,” said Storm. “We are better off eating real food and healthier meat.” Storm refers to the “foodie movement” and said by eating these foods that are raised naturally, with no hormones or antibiotics or strange byproducts, people will be better off. “What Paul is doing is a good place for food to go,” said Storm. like all Disney movies, that is the “happily ever after” for which Plouviez is hoping.

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â&#x20AC;&#x192;38â&#x20AC;&#x192;July/August 2015

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Nevada’s Priority Agricultural Weeds:

Brad Schultz, Extension Educator, University of Nevada Cooperative Extension, Winnemucca, Nevada

Yellow Starthistle

ellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.) is a basal leaves have desiccated. The stem leaves typically are covered by non-native forb (wildflower) originally found in dense cottony hairs which can intercept herbicide before the chemical southern Europe. This weed entered the United reaches the leaf surface and stomata where uptake occurs. Yellow starthisStates as a seed contaminant in alfalfa in the tle seedlings put most of their initial growth into root development via 1850s. Following its initial introduction to the a deep taproot that can penetrate the soil to over six feet deep. This root United States, yellow starthistle has spread to all but seven provides access to deep soil moisture that is largely unavailable to many of the lower 48 states, including all 17 western states. Yellow other plants during the driest part of the summer. The lower two inches starthistle usually follows the lifecycle of a winter (cool season) of the stems typically have buds that can facilitate rapid regrowth followannual plant but on occasion may become biennial. All annual ing mowing or defoliation that leaves several inches or more of stubble. plants reproduce only from seed; thus, long-term control reAll reproduction occurs from seed. Individual plants may produce quires preventing existing plants from adding new seed to the from 1 to 1,000 flower heads per plant, with up to 80 seeds per flower soil and reducing the number of viable seeds in the soil seed- head, for approximately 80,000 seeds. Research has reported seed probank for at least several years, and perhaps as long as 10 years. duction can reach 14 to 100 million seeds per acre. Seed may become viYellow starthistle typically inhabits areas that receive 10 to 60 inches able only eight days after flower initiation. The first germinable seed on a of annual precipitation, have well-drained soils, are below about 7,500 plant appears when about two percent of the flower heads have initiated feet in elevation, and have hot dry summers. The preferred soil types flowering. Germination can occur at both warm and cool temperatures inhabited are deep silt loam and loam, but the plant can if soil moisture is adequate. Excellent germination also grow on shallow and gravelly soils. Yellow starthistle occurs when temperatures exceed 43°F and are less may occur in open woodlands, shrub-grass rangelands, than 86°F. This allows for germination and seedling grasslands, pastures, cultivated fields, roadsides and establishment from fall through spring, making it difother linear corridors that are regularly disturbed, recficult to achieve excellent control with a single herbicide reation areas, waste areas and vacant lots. New infestaapplication at the “seedling” growth stage. High light tions can readily establish on disturbed ground at the conditions at the soil surface enhance germination. wildland-urban interface. Yellow starthistle does not Over 90 percent of the seed falls within two feet of grow well in areas with extensive shading or low light the mother plant, but some seed may fall up to 16 feet conditions. These conditions are typical of vigorous agaway when the wind reaches 25 mph and is largely blowronomic crops or productive pastures and rangelands ing over bare ground. This results in a slow but persistent with dense vigorous stands of tall perennial grasses. expansion of the perimeter of any infestation. Animals Shortly after seedlings of yellow starthistle emerge, they and humans can move viable seed both short and long begin to develop a deep tap root that reaches moist soil distances relatively quickly. Yellow starthistle seed has below the comparatively shallow root zone inhabited of microscopic barbs (on the pappus) that readily adhere most annual and perennial grasses and many shrubs. to animal hides and clothing. Longer distance transport At the state level, 7.9 percent of agricultural prooccurs when contaminated animals are shipped to new ducers in Nevada considered yellow starthistle a problocations, vehicles covered with infested mud disperse lematic weed, which ranks the plant as the 17th most the material far from where it became attached, or conproblematic weed in Nevada. Some agricultural productaminated crops are shipped to distant locations. Many ers in each county consider yellow starthistle a probbirds, including ring-necked pheasant, quail, house lem, with the largest percentage in Washoe and Storey Figure 1. Yellow starthistle plant at the finches, and others feed heavily on yellow starthistle flowering growth stage. Photo from Calflora Counties (13.9 percent), Douglas County (13.2 percent), (http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/img_ seed and easily move the seed offsite after foraging bouts. Clark and Lincoln Counties (10.6 percent), and Persh- query?where-taxon=Centaurea+solstitialis Yellow starthistle seed may remain viable in the ing County (10.5 percent). In the remaining counties &where-anno=1). © 2008 Luigi Rignanese. soil for as long as 10 years for seed with plumes, and six between 5 and 10 percent of respondents considered years for seed without plumes (Figure 2). Burial depth the weed problematic. Among managers of public lands, 6.7 percent of of seed influences seted viability. As much as 88 percent of the seed buried survey respondents considered the weed a problem. Yellow starthistle at two inches deep is viable 13 months after burial. Buried seed generally creates management problems because the weed is highly competitive remains viable longer than seed on or very close to the soil surface because and tends to form dense stands that displace higher value vegetation. it is less exposed to soil pathogens, intense heat, insects, seed consuming Stand density has been reported to reach hundreds of thousands of animals, and other factors that result in high seed or seedling mortality. plants (or more) per acre. Mature plants are unpalatable to all livestock Control Approaches - Non-chemical except goats due to thorns that protrude from flower heads (Figure 1). Because yellow starthistle only reproduces from seed, control of this Also the plant contains a chemical that causes chewing disease in horses. weed requires three general strategies: 1) preventing seed production; 2) Plant Biology and depleting the soil seedbank over at least two to four years, and perAs a winter or cool season annual, yellow starthistle typically ger- haps longer; and 3) preventing movement of viable seed back onto the site minates from the fall through early spring (i.e., the cool months) and from other locations. Also, a vigorous stand of perennial grasses (or other develops a basal rosette of leaves by mid-spring. In late spring to mid- desired species on cropland) must be established to reduce the number summer, the reproductive stems bolt upward and develop flowers and of germination “safe sites” in the soil that yellow starthistle seed may subsequently seed. By the time flowering occurs, most, if not all, of the inhabit. Safe sites are minute locations in the soil that provide the best 40 July/August 2015

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microenvironment for seed to germinate and for the seedlings to establish. Seed buried in the soil is relatively safe from fire-generated heat but Mechanical tillage methods can effectively control yellow starthistle plants can be readily killed by flaming/fire. Any fire treatment should ocif they are properly timed to prevent seed production, and they persistent cur before the first viable seed is set, and remember almost all seed can long enough across time to deplete the soil seedbank. New and especially germinate one week after dispersal. Prescribed fire (or flaming) before small patches of yellow starthistle can be effectively addressed by hand seed set occurs can substantially reduce the number of seeds in the soil removal (pulling, digging, hoeing, etc.), as can old infestations that have the following growing season because one year of seed input is lost. Three been treated for several years or longer and have few plants or viable consecutive years of burning can reduce the seedbank from over 300 seeds seed left on the site. Tillage treatments must remove all stem material per square foot to about 10 or less. The key is to always apply the burning to ensure there are no basal buds left for regrowth to occur. When two treatment before the plants develop any viable seed. Seed in the soil at the inches or more of a stem remain after a mechanical treatment, there can time of burning generally survives well, but no additional inputs occur, be rapid regrowth from one or more buds at the base of the stem, provided and the remaining seedbank suffers annual losses from consumption by the roots have access to adequate soil moisture. Mechanical treatments insects, birds or other wildlife, disease or soil microbes, or successful gershould occur after the plants have bolted and before any viable seed has mination but failed seedling establishment. Fire treatments that remove been produced during the early flowering stage, which is about eight days most standing vegetation (desired or undesired species) before the typical after flower initiation occurs. Large-scale tillage can control large infesta- germination period for yellow starthistle likely to enhance seed germinations of yellow starthistle when it severs the root below the soil surface and tion because more sunlight will reach the soil surface. This approach can separates the root crown from the tap root below. actually increase the number of young plants It is most effective in early summer before seed set on a site and increase the effectiveness of other occurs. Repeated tillage just before seed set can treatment methods including tillage, pulling, or deplete the seedbank dramatically in a few years. herbicides. Also, the seedbank becomes smaller When topography and soil conditions permit, with each germination event that is not followed mowing can effectively control yellow starthistle. by inputs of additional seed to the seedbank. Mowing treatments work best when applied after The benefits of any burning treatment should be the bloom has begun, but before five percent of the weighed against potential adverse effects toward flower heads are in bloom. Mowing too early can desired vegetation on the site. Treatments that permit rapid regrowth because deep soil moisture will harm the desired residual species should be is abundant and the plant can regrow from buds avoided unless the site can be successfully reat the base of each stem. Mowing too late (> eight seeded with species of equal or greater ability to days after flower initiation) just disperses viable exclude weed species and provide a plant commuseed, and the later into the flowering period that nity that meets management goals and objectives. Figure 2. Seeds with and without a plume. Plumed seeds retain mowing occurs, the greater the numbers of viable viability in the soil several years longer than plumeless seeds. Six insects are known to attack the seed seed present. Also, if desired perennial grasses heads of yellow starthistle but only two have inhabit the site, mowing treatments that overlap plant growth (for the demonstrated much success at reducing seed production These are grasses) from just after the grasses reach the boot stage through early seed the hairy weevil (Eustenopus villosus) and the false peacock fly (Chaehead emergence are likely to result in less carbohydrate production and a torellia succinea). The reported declines of 43 to 76 percent seem decline in the stored energy reserves. The stored energy reserves are what high but are insufficient for long-term control of yellow starthistle bekeep the grasses alive during summer and winter dormancy and to initi- cause one large healthy plant can produce 80,000 seeds. Seventy-six ate growth the following growing season. Thus, a decline in vigor occurs percent control may still yield about 20,000 seeds being produced. for the very species you may need to fully occupy the site post-treatment. Chemical Control Depending on the amount of regrowth by yellow starthistle following a There are at least 14 active ingredients labeled for application to yelmowing event, multiple treatments in a growing season may be warranted. low starthistle in Nevada (Table 1) with at least 152 potential products Cattle, sheep and goats will readily select yellow starthistle before the available. Many of these products are pre-mixed packages that include spines associated with the flower heads appear. This corresponds with one or more of active ingredients shown in Table 1 and one or more adthe rosette through bolting growth stages. Once the spines appear, only ditional active ingredients that often control many other weeds, some of goats will readily consume the plant. Yellow starthistle is toxic to horses which often grow in conjunction with yellow starthistle. Most of the active and they should not graze infestations that lack other forages they can ingredients in Table 1 are selective herbicides and collectively they possess select. Grazing is seldom effective as a stand-alone weed control treat- varying degrees of soil residual activity. Soil residual activity can be imment because it cannot be applied long enough and/or with great enough portant for controlling seedlings that appear months to several years after intensity to fully control the weed without adversely affecting the desired an herbicide treatment. These herbicides can be very valuable for treatpalatable forage species on the site. Also, to obtain use levels sufficient to ments on rangeland, pasture or non-crop areas but less useful for areas seriously harm yellow starthistle, livestock productivity is likely to decline planted to many annual crop species. There is at least one active ingredient beyond acceptable levels. Grazing works well when integrated with other and usually multiple products available for most of Nevadaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s major crops management actions which collectively will: 1) cause greater harm to yel- (Table 1), but most of the herbicides labeled for control of yellow starthislow starthistle plants than repeated application of either treatment alone, tle are labeled for range, pasture and non-crop settings. This reflects and/or 2) confers greater benefit toward desired residual species so they the infrequent presence of yellow starthistle in most agronomic fields. can outcompete the starthistle plants and assume dominance of the site. Most herbicides, including those with a strong soil residual, conEvery grazing treatment should be evaluated for its potential adverse ef- trol yellow starthistle best when they are applied postemergence at the fects on the desired residual species that inhabit the site. If the grazing rosette stage. Some herbicides also are effective at the bolting to early treatment largely eliminates the desired species and there is no vegeta- flower-bud growth stages but they often require higher rates of application. tion on-site to competitively exclude yellow starthistle (or another weed) In part, this is due to the cottony hairs that form on the leaves and stems then yellow starthistle or some other weed are likely to establish on the of mature yellow starthistle plants. These hairs intercept much of the apsite. The best defense against the sudden large scale establishment of yel- plied herbicide, which prevents good contact between the active ingredient low starthistle or any other weed species is the presence of one or more and leaf surface where uptake occurs. Higher application rates are needed desired deep rooted species that capture most of the sunlight and soil re- to achieve the level of uptake typically found before the hairs develop. For sources before they are used by yellow starthistle or another weed species. . all herbicide applications, the applicator should ensure that there is enough www.progressiverancher.com

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Bare-ground

Smll Grains

Corn

Method 50 SG Method 240 SL

Aminopyralid

Milestone

Bromoxynil, Octanoic acid ester

Broclean Buctril

Aminocyclopyrachlor

fore all of the viable seed in the soil is eliminated. Always revisit treated sites for at least three or more years to ensure that new plants do not establish and produce seed. Remember, one large productive plant can produce upwards of 80,000 seeds. If the infested area occurs along an invasion pathway for which the movement of starthistle seed cannot be prevented, then annual inspection should occur to determine if new plants have established. If new plants are found, the best control treatment may or may not be an herbicide application. If only a few young plants are present remove them mechanically to reduce the risk of creating an herbicide resistant plant. Repeated use of the same active ingredient or other active ingredients with the same mode of action can lead to herbicide resistance and loss of an effective management tool. Weed control and management programs for yellow starthistle should use an integrated approach that applies two or more methods of weed control. Very seldom does a single approach work long-term. Furthermore, all approaches, except for the purposeful management of an area for bare ground, must consider how to establish and/or increase the desired species on an infested site. A dense, vigorous stand of desirehd perennial grasses (or crop species) provides the best opportunity to prevent a rapid large scale establishment of yellow starthistle, particularly when it is combined with periodic scouting to find and eliminate the initial colonizers. Controlling the initial colonizers of a site before they add seed to the soil typically results in a one season control program. Once viable seed enters the soil, a control program will last at least three to four years or longer. Early detection of yellow starthistle and a rapid response to the first few plants provides the best opportunity to prevent large scale establishment and costly, multi-year treatments. The next weed addressed in this series will be dodder (Cuscuta spp.) a parasitic annual plant that may infect crops or wildland settings.

Potatoes

Fallow

2,4-D

Representative Products

Mint

Non-Crop

Many

Active Ingredient

Alfalfa

Range & Pasture

soil moisture in the ground for yellow starthistle to have rapid growth for several weeks after the application. This allows the active ingredient to be moved (translocated) from the leaf surface to the plant’s growing points (meristematic tissues) which is where the plant creates new leaves, and its reproductive stems and flower heads. Death of these growing points is critical for killing and controlling the weed. Growing conditions that result in little or no herbicide uptake and/or translocation to the growing points (i.e., excessively cold, dry, wet or cloudy) are going to be costly failures. No single active ingredient listed in Table 1 is the best herbicide for all infestations of yellow starthistle. Every infestation has some unique characteristic different from other sites. Herbicide selection should be based on site-specific conditions. Some factors to consider are: 1) do you need an herbicide that is selective and not going to adversely affect the residual desired vegetation on the site; 2) are your short- and mid-term management objectives compatible with a soil persistent herbicide that can leave a significant amount of the active ingredient in the soil for months to years; 3) what will be the growth stages of yellow starthistle when you have time to fit an herbicide treatment into your overall farming or ranching operation; 4) can you make the commitment to any follow-up treatments that are needed; and 5) consider using active ingredients with different modes of action (i.e., killing mechanism) when chemical treatments are needed for several consecutive years. The latter consideration reduces the risk of creating herbicide resistant biotypes of yellow starthistle. An important question of any herbicide treatment is, was I successful? Yellow starthistle reestablishes from seed each growing season, and seed buried several inches deep can survive at least six to 10 years. An herbicide treatment of yellow starthistle can be 100 percent effective the year it is applied, but successful long-term control of yellow starthistle may require several more years of completely successful treatment be-

Selective

Soil Residual

Yes

Postemergence to rapidly growing plants from seedling through rosette stage.

Yes

Preemergence or postemergence during rapid growth from seedling to rosette stage.

Yes

Preemergence or postemergence during rapid growth from rosette (best timing) through bolting stages.

Yes

Postemergence to actively growing seedlings with ≤ 4 leaves and ≤ 2 inches tall for best results.

Yes

Postemergence to seedlings and rosettes (best), with higher application rates needed on bolted. plants

Yes

Preemergence only. Postemergence requires tank-mix with an active ingredient with postemergence activity.

Yes

Postemergence to actively growing plants from rosette to early bolting.

None to very short

Postemergence to rapidly growing unstressed plants through early flower stage.

Yes

Preemergence for seedlings, with some postemergence activity for young rapidly growing weeds.

Yes

Preemergence with soil incorporation by rainfall (0.25 in).

Yes

Preemergence or postemergence during active growth, from rosette through bud formation.

Growth Stage

Clean Slate, Stinger, Transline

Telar

Dicamba

Banvel, Sterling Blue Herbicide

Glufosinate-ammonium

Forfeit, Reckon 280 SL, Rely 280

Glyphosate

Accord, Roundup and many others

Imazapyr

Arsenal, Habitat, Polaris

Indaziflam

Esplandade 200 SC

Picloram

Tordon 22K

Spike 80

Rate dependent

Yes

Preemergence or postemergence with soil incorporation by precipitation.

Element, Garlon 3A, Trycera

Yes

Postemergence to actively growing weeds from seedlings to bolting stage.

Clopyralid Chlorsulfuron

Tebuthiuron Triclopyr

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Postemergence to actively growing plants when temperatures are warm, humidity high and bright sunlight.

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HUMBOLDT WATERSHED COOPERATIVE Weed Management Area Providing land managers, owners and local weed control groups assistance through funding, agency and weed group coordination, communication and cooperation

he HWCWMA was developed to address the invasive weed problem and subsequent decline in water quality within the entire 16,843 square mile watershed, which covers most of Northern Nevada. The primary function of HWCWMA has been to provide land managers, owners and weed control groups assistance in the areas of funding, agency and weed group coordination and cooperation. This month, we would like to discuss the ways biocontrol can be used as a method for helping to control noxious weeds in Nevada. Biological control, also known as biocontrol, is the use of a living organism to control a pest, in our case, using beneficial insects to control invasive plants. All over the state Nevada, noxious weeds are invading private and public lands, destroying native habitat, and choking out desirable vegetation. Most of the noxious and invasive plants that are problems in the United States came here from Europe and Asia accidentally as seed or soil contaminants or in some cases on purpose, as ornamentals. When they arrived in North America, they left the insects that fed on them in Eurasia behind, on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. Biological weed control is the deliberate release of specialized natural enemies from the weed’s native range to reduce the weeds abundance or spread in its introduced range. Since the state listed noxious weeds in Nevada are exotic species, they have few established natural predators. Biocontrol methods generally suppress host weed populations, but will most often not eradicate them. Therefore,integrating other weed management methods with biocontrol is critical. Typically, biocontrol is most effective on dense weed infestations that cover large areas. These insects are not adaptable to all sites; therefore evaluation must be used to find where they will be most effective. Nevada has recently began implementing biocontrol as part of its integrated pest management approach to managing noxious weeds. The Nevada Department of Agriculture (NDA) Noxious Weed Program has adopted the International Code of Best Practices for biological control of weeds. Only safe, effective, and approved natural enemies will be used for biocontrol. NDA works with US Department of Agriculture (USDA) and other scientists who visit the original location of the weed to find natural enemies that can be tested as candidates for introduction as biocontrol agents in the US. Before release in Nevada, agents are rigorously tested to ensure they are the following: Safe and will not become pests of crops and native plants Clean from disease and parasites Contact your local weed coordinator or extension agent for help with this type of management. In Nevada, please contact Jamie Greer, Noxious Weed Coordinator for the Nevada Department of Agriculture at (775) 353-3640 or jgreer@agri.nv.gov for more information on biocontrol that is currently available for release or to ask any questions

you may have regarding noxious weeds. As always, please notify the HWCWMA if you see any suspicious weedy plants growing within the Humboldt River Watershed. We have an opportunity to stop potentially invasive species from spreading if we act quickly and our staff can provide the property owner or appropriate public agency with site-specific treatment options for these plants. The HWCWMA also maps and monitors heavily infested sites in the watershed which allows the HWCWMA the ability to provide educational and financial assistance to land owners and groups in their management efforts, ultimately improving all of the qualities of the land and water in our watershed. The HWCWMA has also developed a website to serve as a clearinghouse for information on invasive weeds in the Humboldt Watershed. Our website (http://www.humboldtweedfree.org) contains fact sheets for state listed noxious weeds in Nevada, Board of Director’s information, funding partner’s links, and many more features including a detailed project proposal packet that you can print, fill out and mail back to us at your convenience. We are looking to expand our project area outside of the Humboldt River and always welcome new opportunities to help fund land owners’ projects. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Andi Porreca, HWCWMA Coordinator at (775) 762-2636 or email her at aporreca@ humboldtweedfree.org. You may also speak with Rhonda Heguy, HWCWMA Administrator at (775) 738-3085, email: hwcwma@gmail.com.

HWCWMA P.O. Box 570 Elko, NV 89803-0570 hwcwma@gmail.com www.HumboldtWeedFree.org aporreca@humboldtweedfree.org

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Pretty! And She Ropes Too!

by Jennifer Whiteley

Here’s to the ranch women that can cook like no other, work hard, act like ladies, are good moms, and are pretty good help with a rope in their hands too!

No stranger to doing things horseback, Alex Wood of Mountain City helps at branding time by working the ground, and heeling calves. In her spare time, helps her horse trainer husband Mike train horses.

10 year old Ella Buzzetti of Lamoille comes from a long line of hardworking ranch women. Roping comes naturally to her, and now that she has had a taste of it, there will be Rachel Buzzetti of Lamoille no keeping her out of the corral! comes in to heel a calf on her big buckskin horse “Coyote.” Nothing makes Rachel happier than picking up 2 feet, or watching her daughter Ella rope.

Carissa Bieroth of Mountain City Carla Chapin of Battle waits for a calf to turn off the fence Mountain makes nice horses, before throwing her loop. New to and throws a pretty loop! roping, she is learning it takes a lot of patience!

Cara Small of Mountain City, gives her young horse a little breather before returning to the branding trap to rope another calf. Cara brings her young daughters branding with her. One day they will be the ones roping. 46 July/August 2015

Mackie Griggs of Hunter is an amazing little roper! She and her little bay horse “Bob” make a great team. They really know how to hustle!

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Financial Focus P re sente d by Ja s o n L a n d , F in a n c ia l A d v is o r, E d wa rd J o n e s i n E l k o , N e v a d a 2 2 1 3 No rt h 5 t h S t re e t , S u it e A | 7 7 5 -7 3 8 -8 8 11

Work toward Your Own Financial Independence Day

t’s almost the Fourth of July — time for fireworks, picnics and a reflection on all the liberties we possess in this country. But if you’re going to enjoy the freedom to do the things you want, especially during your retirement years, you’ll want to take the steps necessary to achieve your own “Financial Independence Day.” Here are a few suggestions for helping you reach that goal: • Liberate yourself from debt. For most of us, a certain amount of debt is unavoidable. But the greater control you can gain over your debts, the better off you will be, because any dollars not spent in paying debts can be used to save and invest for your future. So look for ways to cut down on your spending and think about postponing some purchases until you can pay for them in cash. It may not be easy, but it’s possible. And by putting this “found money” to work immediately in quality investments, you may motivate yourself to keep a lid on your debt level.

your dollars around a single asset or two, you could diversify your holdings by owning a mix of stocks, bonds, government securities and other vehicles. While diversification can potentially help you reduce the impact of volatility on your holdings, a diversified portfolio can’t guarantee a profit or protect you from loss. Achieving any type of freedom, in any kind of endeavor, takes time and effort. That’s certainly the case with financial freedom— you will need to consistently make the right moves, over a period of many years, before you can finally declare your fiscal independence. But once you reach that point, you will likely conclude that your diligence and dedication were well worth it.

• Unlock the power of time. Albert Einstein once said, “The most powerful force in the universe is compound interest.” Einstein, who knew a thing or two about the nature of time, clearly recognized its importance in investing. In fact, as an investor, time may be your greatest ally. The more years in which you invest, the more dollars you’ll put in, and the longer you’ll have for your investments to potentially grow. Even if you’re just starting out in your career and can only invest a small amount each month, you’ll be starting to accumulate the amount you’ll eventually need to enjoy the retirement lifestyle you’ve envisioned. • Release your investments’ growth potential. To attain financial freedom during your retirement years, you will need to invest for growth — it’s that simple. So include an appropriate amount of growth-oriented vehicles in your overall investment mix. Ultimately, this mix should be based on your risk tolerance, time horizon and specific long-term goals. • Free your investments from “clustering.” In the investment world, as in many other arenas of life, you can have “too much of a good thing.” For example, if you own a particular investment, such as a stock, that has done well, you might think that it’s a good idea to own more of the same type of stock. But when investing, duplication can be dangerous, because if a market downturn affects one asset class particularly hard, and much of your portfolio is tied up in that asset class, you could take a big hit. Instead of “clustering” www.progressiverancher.com

The Progressive Rancher

July/August 2015 47

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The Progressive Rancher