S MECHANICAL A ENGINEER Mar 2015
Publication of the South African Institution of Mechanical Engineering, incorporating News of Associate Organisations
CT Hydraulics (Nqoba) (Pty) Ltd
AN INCREDIBLE 135 000 HORSEPOWER POWER AND INFRASTRUCTURE THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER VOLin 65 Hydraulics March 2015 1 TOP OF MIND Quality
SAMHYDRAULIK, which is one of the leaders in the field of hydraulic transmission, has been operating for over 25 years in the international market, offering a complete range of orbital hydraulic motors and power steering units, axial pumps and motors for medium and high pressure ranges, all characterised by excellent performances. SAMHYDRAULIK employs 120 people who operate inside a very modern and efficient plant that spans over 6 000 square metres to assure a high standard and flexible production capacity. The latest computer technology is used for both design and production, combined with strict quality control procedures during all production phases, which translates into innovative, reliable and functional products that meet the various needs of the market. Its ISO 9001 certification, held since 1994, is the result of a qualityorientated philosophy on which SAMHYDRAULIK has always based its operation.
A H 214
AXIOM HYDRAULICS (PTY) LTD Tel: (011) 334-3068 / 334-3086 Fax: (011) 334-4543 E-mail: axiomjhb@mweb.co.za
THE THESOUTH SOUTHAFRICAN AFRICANMECHANICAL MECHANICALENGINEER ENGINEER
17 Heidelberg Road, Village Main, Johannesburg, 2000 P O Box 260248, Excom, South Africa, 2023
VOL 2015 VOL6562 March May 2012
Chris Reay
Chairman of the Working Committee: Communications (SA Institution of Mechanical Engineering)
Type 21 Years BEFORE and 21 years AFTER the new South Africa:
Name
Year
MW Capacity
Coal
Pretoria West PS
1952
180
Coal
Kelvin PS
1957
600
Coal
Komati PS
1961
940
Coal
Rooiwal PS
1963
300
Coal
Camden PS
1967
1510
Coal
Grootvlei PS
1969
1200
Coal
Hendrina PS
1970
2000
1973 - 1994
Hidro
Gariep
1971
360
Power stations built by Apartheid government = 15 Production total: 35 912M/watt
Coal
Arnot PS
1975
2352
Coal
Kriel PS
1976
3000
Gas/Diesel
Acacia PS
1976
171
Gas/Diesel
Port Rex PS
1976
171
Hidro
Vanderkloof
1977
240
Coal
Duvha PS
1980
3600
Pumped
Drakensberg
1981
1000
Coal
Matia PS
1983
3600
Nuclear
Koeberg PS
1984
1800
Coal
Lethabo PS
1985
3708
Coal
Tutuka PS
1985
3654
Coal
Kendal PS
1988
4116
Coal
Matimba PS
1988
3990
Pumped
Palmiet
1988
400
1994 - 2015
Coal
Majuba PS (commissioned before ANC control) 1996
4110
Power stations built by ANC government = 2 Production total: 2 084M/watt
Gas/Diesel
Ankerlig PS
2007
1338
Gas/Diesel
Gourikwa PS
2007
746
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VOL 65
March 2015
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BMW Original Parts
www.bmw.co.za/ originalparts
Sheer Driving Pleasure
ONE PART CAN CHANGE THE OUTCOME.
This is a simple o-ring. Almost as big as your thumb. Seemingly insignificant. On January 28, 1986, a single faulty o-ring brought down an entire space shuttle, mid takeoff. In a complicated chain, it takes only one part that isn’t as sophisticated and meticulously crafted to compromise the whole machine. Don’t take chances. Insist on BMW Original Parts, because without genuine parts, it’s simply not a BMW anymore. For more information visit www.bmw.co.za/originalparts All BMW Original Parts carry a 2-year unlimited mileage warranty.
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BMW ORIGINAL PARTS.
The monthly circulation is 3 947
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Forthcoming SAIMechE Training Workshops Programmes and Registration Forms obtainable from Carey Evans, Tel. 031 764 7136 or Email: carey@saimeche.org.za In-house bookings and enquiries for our many available workshops: Linda Robinson, Tel. 031 764 7136 or Email: linda@saimeche.org.za Event Code
Event Title
Start Date
End Date
Region
Booking Closure Date
C9215
Pressure Safety Valves
7-Apr-15
9-Apr-15
Cape Town
27-Mar-15
B6515
Fans & Air Handling
8-Apr-15
9-Apr-15
Port Elizabeth
27-Mar-15
H7715
Value Engineering in Projects
07-Apr-15
09-Apr-15
Rivonia
27-Mar-15
A4415
Shutdown & Turnaround Management & Planning 14-Apr-15
16-Apr-15
Durban
27-Mar-15
C2815
Running Effective Meetings
15-Apr-15
15-Apr-15
Cape Town
27-Mar-15
D4415
Shutdown & Turnaround Management & Planning 21-Apr-15
23-Apr-15
Vaal
10-Apr-15
D6015
Finding Inventive Solutions to Engineering & 05-May-15 Technical Challenging Problems
06-May-15
Vaal
24-Apr-15
F7715
Value Engineering in Projects
12-May-15
14-May-15
Mpumalanga
30-Apr-15
A9015
Pump Design, Operation, Maintenance & Trou12-May-15 bleshooting
14-May-15
Durban
30-Apr-15
D2815
Running Effective Meetings
13-May-15
13-May-15
Vaal
01-May-15
C6015
Finding Inventive Solutions to Engineering & 19-May-15 Technical Challenging Problems
20-May-15
Cape Town
08-May-15
B9314
Coaching Skills for Managers in Engineering
20-May-15
20-May-15
Port Elizabeth
08-May-15
B7715
Value Engineering in Projects
26-May-15
28-May-15
Port Elizabeth
15-May-15
A9315
Coaching Skills for Managers in Engineering
27-May-15
27-May-15
Durban
15-May-14
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Vaughan Rimbault
Chris Reay
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Projects Academic
Martin Bailey
Career Path
Commentary
Achievements
IT PAYS TO KEEP THE RIGHT COMPANY Find out if you qualify to #JOINOURTABLE at www.pps.co.za
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1922
Kenelm Lee Guinness (Sunbeam)
Brooklands (GB)
133.75 mph (215.25 km/h)
1924
Ernest Eldridge (Fiat)
Arpajon (F)
145.89 mph (234.79 km/h)
1924
Malcolm Campbell (Sunbeam)
Pendine (GB)
146.16 mph (235.22 km/h)
1925
Malcolm Campbell (Sunbeam)
Pendine (GB)
150.76 mph (242.62 km/h)
1926
Henry Segrave (Sunbeam)
Southport (GB)
152.33 mph (245.15 km/h)
1927
Malcolm Campbell (Napier-Campbell) Pendine (GB)
174.88 mph (281.44 km/h)
1927
Henry Segrave (Sunbeam)
Daytona Beach (USA)
203.79 mph (327.97 km/h)
1928
Malcolm Campbell (Napier-Campbell) Daytona Beach (USA)
206.95 mph (333.05 km/h)
1928
Ray Keech (Triplex)
Daytona Beach (USA)
207.55 mph (334.02 km/h)
1929
Henry Segrave (Golden Arrow)
Daytona Beach (USA)
231.36 mph (372.34 km/h)
1931
Malcolm Campbell (Bluebird)
Daytona Beach (USA)
246.09 mph (396.04 km/h)
1932
Malcolm Campbell (Bluebird)
Daytona Beach (USA)
253.97 mph (408.73 km/h)
1933
Malcolm Campbell (Bluebird)
Daytona Beach (USA)
272.46 mph (438.48 km/h)
1935
Malcolm Campbell (Bluebird)
Daytona Beach (USA)
276.82 mph (445.50 km/h)
1935
Malcolm Campbell (Bluebird)
Bonneville (USA)
301.13 mph (484.62 km/h)
1937
George Eyston (Thunderbolt)
Bonneville (USA)
312.00 mph (502.12 km/h)
1938
George Eyston (Thunderbolt)
Bonneville (USA)
345.50 mph (556.03 km/h)
1938
George Eyston (Thunderbolt)
Bonneville (USA)
357.50 mph (575.34 km/h)
1983
Richard Noble (Thrust 2)
Black Rock (USA)
633.47 mph (1,019.47 km/h)
1997
Andy Green (Thrust SSC)
Black Rock (USA)
714.144 mph (1,149.303 km/h)
1997
Andy Green (Thrust SSC)
Black Rock (USA)
763.035 mph (1,227.986 km/h)
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Andy Green
Richard Noble
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THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
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March 2015
Seven personnel benefitted from the EEP and Multi Alloys education fund contribution: Patrick Ramorolana, Susan Nkomo, Mary-Jane Blose and Joe Matlou (Absent: Sam Makgoka, Winnie Zwane and Gloria Magalefa)
THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
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Functions
Objectives
X X Reduce friction loss and wear
X X Lessen overheating and save energy
X X Dissipate and control heat in critical areas
X X Reduce temperature of lubricated parts
X X Protect equipment from rust and corrosion,
X X Increase machine life
X X Perform under ever-changing conditions of pressure and temperature. X X Use machine in all operating temperatures X X Prevent agglomeration of deposits which clog filters & pipes. X X Act as a seal
X X Avoid contaminants polluting the lubricants
X X Retain their properties for a long time X X Transmit power (hydraulic oils)
THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
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One of the new machines
The changing face of workrooms
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New technology is now the order of the day
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THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
Gears and gadgets
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March 2015
POWER
GENERATION
Dr David Johnson
THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
T O D A Y
Dr Stoffel Fourie
VOL 65
March 2015
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Figure 1: Vapour compression heat pump cycle
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March 2015
Th
in
Tc out
Vapour Flow
Vapour Flow
Liquid Flow
Liquid Flow Wick
Working Fluid
Tc Heat Pipe
out
in
Th
Two-phase Thermosyphon
THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
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March 2015
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Heat capacity of Witwatersrand rocks Rock Unit and Type
CÂąs.d., N J kg -1 K -1
INTRUSIVE ROCKS Pre-Karoo diabasee
840
VENTERSDORP SUPERGROUP Lava
880 20
5
VENTERSPOST FORMATION Quartzite
840
1
WITWATERSRAND SUPERGROUP Quartzite 810 Conglomerate 830 Shale 880
30
40 50 20
12
65 5 3
C, heat capacity; s.d., standarad deviation; N, number of measurements Table 2: Heat capacities of Witwatersrand rocks
Borehole
Northern Freestate
Klerksdorp area
HB 1
Ventersdorp lava
Witwaters rand quartzite
Dolomite
H [W/cm 2]
H [W/cm 2]
H [W/cm 2]
4.82
5.23
3.77
HB 2
4.69
-
-
HB 14
3.77
4.98
3.98
HB 15
4.23
5.11
-
ST 9
4.10
4.82
3.77
ST 11
3.81
-
1.26
ST 14
3.52
-
2.60
R 57
3.60
-
-
BU 1
4.52
5.15
5.15
VDH 4a
4.86
5.23
-
DT 1
4.40
5.23
-
DW 1
4.23
5.02
-
TV 2
4.48
5.317
-
M2
4.27
5.11
-
Table 1: Heat flow Transvaal and Free State
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Thermal conductivity of Ventersdorp Lava and Witwatersrand quartzite from different mining areas Rock Unit and Area
KÂąs.d., W m -1 K -1
N
VENTERSDORP Central Witwatersrand Carletonville Klerksdorp Welkom
3.27 3.58 3.47 3.53
0.34 0.68 0.58 0.61
26 9 72 44
WITWATERSRAND QUARTZITE Central Witwatersrand Carletonville Klerksdorp Welkom
6.27 6.23 6.39 6.59
0.57 1.04 0.79 0.69
78 63 120 76
K, thermal conductivity; s.d., standard deviation; N, number of measurements Table 3: Thermal conductivities of the Witwatersrand rocks
Fig. 3: Borehole heat extraction
Fig. 4: In-stope heat exchangers
Fig. 5: Mine water heat extraction
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The CSI 2140 Machinery Health Analyzer is best in class for speed and performance in vibration data collection and field analysis
30
THE SOUTH AFRICAN MECHANICAL ENGINEER
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The CSI 6500 is integrated with the Ovation and DeltaV process automation systems and provides asset data to operations and the AMS suite
Wireless transmission of route data from the field to the analyst back at the office allows collection and analysis to be performed in parallel
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EMERGING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE WORLD’S FASTEST GROWING CONTINENT
EARLY BIRD DELEGATE DISCOUNT SAVE AT LEAST $200 IF YOU REGISTER BEFORE 17 JUNE 2015
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Invitation to Participate POWER-GEN Africa and DistribuTECH Africa, will once again provide comprehensive coverage of the power needs, resources, and issues facing the electricity generation and transmission & distribution industries across sub-Saharan Africa.
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The events will feature multi-track conference sessions covering strategic, technical and renewable topics with practical solutions and benchmark case studies and concurrent exhibition floor featuring prime movers showcasing the very latest equipment and technologies. POWER-GEN Africa and DistribuTECH Africa have quickly established themselves as sub-Saharan Africa’s leading events that cover the full power spectrum from supply to delivery, focusing on the current and future trends, as well as the needs and resources within this region of the world.
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In the past, varying loads on the application played havoc with actuator settings, but customers can rest easy as the automatic cushion adjustment is dynamic and will change accordingly
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What we have done with this new range, is to consolidate all of our cylinders into a single series that offers a wide range of variants that include the automatic cushioning option PPS
Actuators can be made up locally according to specific requirements
34
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Manifolds can be customised for special applications
A bank of control valves
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MARKET FORUM
New generation LiveStar live-loading system
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MARKET FORUM
Andrea Shirley, environmental manager at the CDC
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Read this issue on-line www.promech.co.za
Gear units are treated with a sealed surface conversion system (NSD tupH) and are ideally suited for use in extreme conditions
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On the Move! Roland Keller
Brenton Alexander
46
Andrew Castle
Graham Clare
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Frans van Niekerk
Pierre Goosen
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Salani Sithole
Geared Motors \ Drive Electronics \ Drive Automation \ Industrial Gears \ Services
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SEW-EURODRIVE carries a large local stock holding of this robust product – with its unique modular production concept. Developed as one of the most powerful industrial gear units, this unit is available in finely stepped sizes covering torque ranges of up to 475kNm. A large number of pre-defined accessories offer a high degree of flexibility for adapting to a broad range of applications. Why is this good news for you? Higher accuracy, faster turnaround times and more flexibility on your individual designs are available to you locally! Units are assembled and serviced locally, offering you less downtime and more productivity. This is what we call Drive 360º - Seeing the big picture SEW-EURODRIVE - Driving the world. Tel: +27 11 248-7000 Web: www.sew.co.za
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Southern African
28th & 29th May 2015
Metals and Engineering INDABA Engage
EMPERORS PALACE
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Introducing the inaugural Southern African Metals and Engineering Indaba, a two-day conference scheduled for 28-29 May 2015 at Emperors Palace, Kempton Park, South Africa. The most inuential and knowledgeable leaders and key policy makers will address the conference and present impressive insights not to be missed. The conference will focus on cutting-edge issues related to our industries and also present numerous opportunities for networking and socialising with Government leaders, opinion formers and business leaders drawn from our various sectors. Exhibitors will get the chance to showcase their products in a high-volume trafďŹ c area offering maximum exposure to key decision makers within the industry.
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