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How has our Neighborhood Changed in the last 400 Years ?
me
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map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884, Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, Boltons’s 1922 Indian Paths in The Great Metropolis, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map; Historic Stream and potential Spring locations reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model, and Springs not mentioned in the historical record are marked with a question mark, with the assumption that all early houses had access to fresh water. Historical features still being researched are marked with question marks. This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
PS 58
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Atla
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Am
Pac
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Meters
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Gowanus Schools & Shoreline Changes since 1766
map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884 Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map, Historic Stream reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
0
50 100
200
Meters
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1766 Bernard Ratzer Map Gowanus & Red Hook Marshes, Brooklyn
What Would our Backyard Esturgeon / Sturgeon
Loutre / Otter
rt S t Cou
Pl
SAS
De
an
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t
Rivage / Shoreline - 1766
Villages Indiens / Indian Villages - pre 1750 Fortifications de la Révolution / Forts - 1782 Champs Indiens / Indian Fields (approximate) Marécages / Wetlands - 1766 Ruisseau / Stream - 1766 Canal Enterré / Historic Canal - 2010 Source / Spring - 1766 (speculative)
Plages / Beaches - 1766 Chemins / Roads - 1766 Chemins / Roads - 2009 Butte / Hill - 1766
St
Champs & Vergers / Farm Fields & Orchards - 1766
Maritie Bevors, 84 years old, quoted in 1741 New Amsterdam Court Trial Proceedings, in "Indian Paths in the Great Metropolis", Reginald Bolton, 1922
Pl
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Gowanus or Narrows Road
JJ HS
to Gowanus Village
St
St
Hutte Indienne / Indian Hunt - The Lenape’s Canarsie tribe occupied the Gowanus area, including the Gowane
4th
After the battle was over, the two British officers were buried in a field, near where they fell, and their graves fenced in fenced in with some posts and rails, where their remains still rest. But for an "example to the rebels," they refused the American rifleman the rites of sepulture; and his remains were exposed on the ground, till his flesh rotted, and torn off his bones by the fowls of the air. After a considerable length of time, in a heavy gale of wind, a large tree was uprooted; in the cavity formed by which, some friends of the Americans (...) placed the brave soldier's bones to mingle in peace with their kindred earth."
Soldats Americains / American Soldiers - 1776
1824 - pg 51 - "Notes Geographical and Historical relating to the town of Brooklyn, in Kings County on Long Island" Gabriel Furman, discussing the Battle of Long Island, 27 August 1776
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1636 - FIRST EUROPEAN LAND TITLE IN LONG ISLAND - Bennet & Bentyne, two Englishmen purchase 936 acres of land from Canarsie Chief Gowane, founding the original Gowanus Village between 27th and 38th Street (Gowanus or Bennet’s Cove)
go
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(28th St), Werpoe (Warren & Bond and Marechkawick (Brooklyn Navy Yard) villages
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Brush Tavern ?
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“Lower Mill” built 1701 by Brouwer
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Dentons Mill
Old Port or Valley Grove Road
In the battle part of the British army marched down a lane (Port Road) leading from the Brush Tavern (at Valley Grove) to Gowanos, pursuing the Americans. Several of the American riflemen, in order to be more secure (...) had posted themselves in high trees near the road. One of them, whose name is now partially forgotten, shot the English Major Grant; in this he passed unobserved. Again he loaded his deadly rifle, and fired another English officer fell. He was then marked, and a platoon (..) fired into the tree and the rifleman fell to the ground dead.
Foret / Forests - 1766
rk
l
St
Public Landing Revolutionary Graves ? 2n d
"There had been .. thrown upon the (fire) to be roasted, a pail full of Gowanus oysters, which are the best in the country... I had to try some of them raw. They are large and full, some of them not less than a foot long, and they grow sometimes ten, twelve and sixteen together, and are like a piece of rock.. They pickle the oysters in small casks, and then send them to Barbadoes and the other islands."
"I was going by the house of Lubbertse, and saw many little hills in the way from the house to (Brouwer's) Mill along the neck and (when I) inquired what the hills were ... was answered that it was the Indian corn lands."
Gr
St
St
1776 - Buried Bodies
1741 - Indian Corn Fields
Pa
tP
t
1679 - Delicious Oysters
Jasper Danckaerts, quoted in" A History of the City of Brooklyn" by Henry Reed Stiles, 1884, discussing Simon de Hart’s House at Gowanus Cove (near 28th Street)
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8
Rivage / Shoreline - 2009
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I 27
map sources: Bernard Ratzer, British Military Map of 1766, British Headquarters Map of 1782, Stile’s History of the City of Brooklyn, 1884, Burrows Wallace 1999 Indian settlement Map, Boltons’s 1922 Indian Paths in The Great Metropolis, 2006 New York City Digital Base Map; Historic Stream and potential Spring locations reconstructed from a 2004 Digital Elevation Stormwater Model, and Springs not mentioned in the historical record are marked with a question mark, with the assumption that all early houses had access to fresh water. Historical features still being researched are marked with question marks. This is a DRAFT map being developed for research purposes by Eymund Diegel, 439 Sackett Street, Brooklyn, NY, November 2010 It may contain errors of fact and accuracy. Please send corrections to eymund@gmail.com.
Red Hook Docks (created from dredge and ship ballast fill)
St
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Indian Fishing Ground
St
Do
Sa
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t ry S Hen leck
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PS 58
Mill
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Hal
gra
St
Coles Mill Pond (built 1770s)
St
ton
St
St
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St
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American Fortifications (1776)
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1645 - First Flour Mill in America
Pl
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PS 27
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Bryant White - wwwbbwhite.com
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PS 58
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PS
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Fort Box
Av e
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St
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Jacob Bergen House
Indian Corn Fields / (approximate)
St
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146
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Lubbertse House 1
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"Red Hook" was named after the red clay soil of the original hook shaped peninsula
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WerpoesCanarsie Indian Village De
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Red Hook Lane
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Atlantic Docks (created from razing of Bergen Hill)
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side
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Fort Greene
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Indian Burial Ground ?
ff S
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PS
Lubbertse / Johannas Bergen House Bu
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Seabring’s Tidal Mill
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Pl ny
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Indian Corn Fields / Sassian’s Maize Lands (approximate)
PS 29
Indian Burial Ground ?
St
St
St
orn
Oxford
New York Gazette, 20th November 1759
en
erh
Ave
ng
Wa rr
St
rm
Portland
tic
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l
St
Bal
Irvi
Punkiesberg / Corkscrew Fort / Con Cobble Hill gre ss S t (American Army Ver and ah Headquarters) Pl
Sebring House
Sc
Elliott P
ltic
t
St
Pl Ashland
"On Sunday week last past a large bear passed the house of Mr. Sebring, in Brooklyn, and took the water at Red Hook, attempting to swim accross the Bay, when Cornelius Sebring and his miller immediately pushed off in a boat after him. The latter fired and missed, on which Mr Sebring let fly and sent a ball in at the back of his head, which came out of his eye and killed him outright."
ific
ity S
Rockwell Pl
RED HOOK BEAR HUNTING, 1759
Pac
Am
Ave
e Hudson Av
“Ihpetonga” (The High Sandy Bank) Wa original Canarsie rre nS t Indian name for Brooklyn Heights Ba
ntic
Pl
Dekalb Ave
Atla
Bo n
Lynx / Bobcat
Elk / Wapiti
Look Like in a Time Machine ?
Pl
Loup Gris / Grey Wolf
Bo eru m
Ours Noir / Black Bear
Pl
Notre Histoire Cachée Our Hidden History
TRY TO GUESS THE HABITATS FOR:
200
Meters
0
250
500
1,000
Feet
Gowanus Schools & Local Buried Features of Historical Interest