FINAL SEDIMENT SAMPLING REPORT GOWANUS CANAL AND BAY ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION PROJECT DACW51-03-D-0014 DELIVERY ORDER NUMBER 003
Prepared for: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers New York District 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10278-0090
Prepared by: DMA, Inc. 410 Pine Street Suite 210 Vienna, VA 22180 AMEC Earth & Environmental, Inc. 285 Davidson Ave., Suite 100 Somerset, NJ 08873
August 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0
INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE....................................................................... 1
2.0
SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY .................................................................. 3
3.0
FIELD SAMPLING PROCEDURES ..................................................................... 5
3.1
Sample Locations .......................................................................................................... 5
3.2 Sampling Procedures ................................................................................................... 6 3.2.1 Equipment Decontamination .................................................................................. 6 3.2.2 Sediment Sampling Equipment.............................................................................. 6 3.3
Sample Analysis............................................................................................................. 7
3.4
Sample Labeling............................................................................................................. 8
3.5
Sample Handling and Shipment................................................................................. 8
3.6
Custody Procedures ..................................................................................................... 9
3.7
Decontamination ............................................................................................................ 9
3.8
Documentation ............................................................................................................. 10
4.0
SUMMARY OF SAMPLING EVENT .................................................................. 12
5.0
CHEMICAL AND BIOASSAY DATA ................................................................. 13
6.0
CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 14
7.0
REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 15
Appendix A
Sample Chain of Custody Sheets
Appendix B
Sample Collection Summary
Appendix C
Data Tables
Appendix D
Bioassay Report
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Study August 2006
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure
Title
1
Site Location Map
2
Sample Location Map
3
Focused Sample Location Map
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1.0 INTRODUCTION AND PURPOSE The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), New York District (NYD) is currently conducting an Ecosystem Restoration and Feasibility Study to determine whether a Federal interest exists in restoring the ecosystem of the Gowanus Canal and Bay located in Brooklyn, New York. The Ecosystem Restoration and Feasibility Study is being conducted as part of the Hudson-Raritan Estuary (HRE) Study.
The HRE
evaluation program includes all waters of the New York and New Jersey harbor, as well as tidally influenced portions of rivers and streams that empty into and/or ecologically influence the harbors. The HRE Study has identified three spin-off sites, which are areas where separate studies are proposed as appropriate because those studies contribute to an overall understanding of the ecosystem. The Gowanus Canal and Bay have been identified as a spin-off site under the HRE Study. As part of the Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecological Restoration Study, the USACE is preparing a Habitat Evaluation Procedures (HEP) Model relative to the aquatic biological resources that may potentially use the Gowanus Bay and Canal. As part of the HEP model under development, an Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) model will be developed as a means of applying an ecologically-based degradation factor to the HEP model development. Additionally, to support the development of the ERA model, evaluation of sediment quality is required for technical inputs into the model. The Gowanus Canal runs through a highly developed urban area located in Brooklyn, New York. It borders residential communities such as Carroll Gardens and Red Hook. The canal is impacted by poor water quality, contaminated sediments containing a variety of inorganic and organic constituents, and a poor benthic community structure as the result of a century of heavy industrial use. Historic environmental evaluation activities have been conducted by the USACE in the Gowanus Bay and Gowanus Canal system. In 2003, the USACE collected sediment FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Study August 2006
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samples from 30 locations beginning at the head of the Gowanus Canal into Gowanus Bay.
The objective of that study was to characterize the physical and engineering
properties of the sediments, as well as to identify the types, levels and distribution of contamination within the sediments. That data were used to provide information on the excavation, removal, transportation, and disposal properties of the sediments. The information gathered in that study was also used to provide preliminary data on the types and methods of restoration procedures to be conducted with the Gowanus Canal and Bay. Samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) metals, mercury, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Samples also received bacteriological analysis. Data from the sediment sampling were evaluated by the USACE in a document entitled Sediment Quality Evaluation Report, Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecological Restoration Project, dated October 2004. Under DACW51-03-D-0014, Delivery Order Number 003, USACE has requested technical support relative to the preparation of the HEP and ERA modeling for the Gowanus Bay and Gowanus Canal.
In support of the HEP and ERA modeling,
sediment sampling was conducted within the Gowanus Canal to provide chemical and bioassay information on the quality of sediments within the Canal. This report briefly summarizes the field sampling activities and observations from the September 29, 2005 sampling event and presents the tabulated chemical data obtained from the samples.
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2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY The Gowanus Canal and Gowanus Bay are located in Kings County (Brooklyn), New York and are part of the New York Harbor Estuary (see Figure 1). The Gowanus Canal was built in 1881 to facilitate commercial shipping, barge traffic and other commercial users by excavating Gowanus Creek. For much of its length, the Gowanus Canal is relatively narrow, with its banks stabilized by piers or bulkheads. The elevation of the land surrounding the Gowanus Canal generally ranges from 0 to 30 feet above Mean Sea Level (MSL). Stormwater from the surrounding neighborhoods drains into the Gowanus Canal. The Gowanus Canal extends from Hamilton Avenue to Butler Street in Brooklyn (approximately two miles in length).
The Gowanus Bay
extends from Bay Ridge Channel to the beginning of the Gowanus Canal at Hamilton Avenue. Together, the Gowanus Canal and Gowanus Bay cover approximately 130 acres. The watershed feeding into the Gowanus Canal is approximately six square miles. The Canal passes through a heavily urbanized section of Brooklyn that is bordered by residential communities such as Park Slope, Carroll Gardens, and Red Hook. Throughout its history, the Canal has provided commercial shipping access for a variety of industries, including oil refineries, machine shops, manufactured gas plants (MGP), chemical plants, soap makers and tanneries. The Canal is under severe environmental stress from a number of chemical releases and spills as a result of over 100 years of industrial use. Stormwater and numerous combined sewer outfalls (CSOs) discharging into the Canal have resulted in the continual release of contaminants into the Canal. While the canal was constructed in 1881, it was not until 1987 that a sewage treatment plant (Red Hook Wastewater Treatment plant) was constructed in an effort to improve the area’s sewage problem and limit the load of contaminants being discharged into the Canal.
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The narrow width of the canal, coupled with its long reach from the bay, has limited the ability of tidal movement to flush contaminants from the system, resulting in a semistagnant body of water. In 1911, a water circulation system was constructed to bring water into the Canal from the Buttermilk Channel in New York Harbor to increase the movement of water within the canal (called the Gowanus Flushing Tunnel). The system operated until the mid-1960’s at which time it ceased operation due to mechanical failure. The system was reactivated in April 1999. As noted in USACE (2003), the bottom of the Gowanus Canal is generally covered by a soft, dark gray to black, highly plastic layer of clay.
This clay unit typically had a
decaying organic odor associated with it and weak petroleum-type sheens were noted in the 2003 sampling. Beneath the clay layer, the deeper sediments were characterized as sands, silty sands, and poorly graded sands, often with traces of gravel.
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3.0 FIELD SAMPLING PROCEDURES Detailed procedures for sample collection, handling, and shipping are described in this section. Procedures are included for the following items:
3.1
•
Station locations and sample types;
•
Sample identifiers;
•
Sampling procedures; and
•
Documentation. SAMPLE LOCATIONS
Ten locations within the Gowanus Canal were selected to provide additional data to support the HEP and ERA modeling that will be used as part of restoration alternative evaluations by the USACE.
Samples were collected from those locations (to the
maximum extent possible) on September 29, 2005. Some minor variation was made in the sample locations at the time of collection due to field conditions and the inability to penetrate to depth due to the presence of concrete, gravel and other impenetrable objects. Samples were analyzed for metals; semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including PAHs; polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and pesticides; grain size; and total organic carbon (TOC). Samples were evaluated for characteristics of acute toxicity using a salt-water sediment-dwelling macroinvertebrate, Ampelisca abdita.
The
Ampelisca was selected as a test species because it is a standard species used in marine bioassay tests, is readily available, and responsive to the presence of various constituents of concern. The locations were selected to fill data gaps in the understanding of sediment quality. As only ten samples could be collected, they were positioned to maximize the spatial coverage of sediment sampling. The sampling locations were selected to complement the information that has either been collected to date, or to fill data gaps pending the
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collection of the additional sediment samples. The sample locations were discussed with, and approved by, the USACE prior to sampling. The sediment sample locations are presented on Figure 2 and Figure 3. 3.2
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
The purpose of sediment sampling is to acquire accurate, representative information about the chemical conditions of the sediment either at the sediment/surface water interface or at representative depths below the sediment surface.
The sediment
sampling was conducted using sampling devices designed to collect a specified volume and surface area of sediment, from a required depth below the surface of the sediment. Sediment sampling was conducted in such a manner as to maintain the integrity of the collected sediment, to the maximum extent possible. 3.2.1 Equipment Decontamination To ensure that cross-contamination did not occur, all equipment utilized for sediment sampling was thoroughly decontaminated as described in the Sediment Sampling Work Plan (AMEC, 2005). At a minimum, all equipment was steam-cleaned or underwent a wash and rinse process. All wash and rinse water was collected, containerized, and properly labeled.
Clean equipment did not come into contact with contaminated
sediments or other contaminated materials. Equipment was kept on plastic or protected in another suitable fashion. 3.2.2 Sediment Sampling Equipment The sediment sampling was accomplished using a Vibracore. The Vibracorer has an electric-powered mechanical vibrator located at the head end of the corer that applies thousands of vertical vibrations per minute to penetrate the sediment. A core tube and rigid liner (cellulose acetate butyrate or similar material) is inserted into the vibrating FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Study August 2006
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head and the entire assembly is lowered into the water. The core length was no more than 6 feet in length and was between 4 and 7 inches inner diameter. The Vibracorer was operated from a support boat. The following steps were followed to obtain a representative sediment sample using the Vibracore sampler: •
The support boat was positioned over the sampling location using bearings from near shore landmarks and the actual positioned fixed with a GPS locator;
•
The properly decontaminated coring device was fitted with a sleeve and attached to the motor head and the device was lowered into the water column until contact was made with the sediment surface;
•
The motor was then activated and the sampler was driven into the sediment to a depth that exceeded the desired sampling depth by a minimum of six inches;
•
Following sample acquisition, the sampler was brought up to the water surface and hoisted unto the boat, care was given to keep from bouncing the sampler such that sample integrity was compromised;
•
Once in the boat, the core sleeve was extracted from the core cylinder and sectioned off for submission to the laboratory for analysis;
•
The sample was then labeled and immediately placed on ice in a cooler; and
•
Logging of each sample was conducted using the Unified Soil Classification system and entered into a boring log form.
3.3
SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Sediment samples were analyzed using the following analytical techniques: Priority Pollutant metals utilizing EPA SW-846; FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Study August 2006
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Semi-volatile organics utilizing EPA SW-846 Method 8270; Pesticides and PCBs utilizing EPA SW-846 Method 8081/8082; Total Organic Carbon (TOC) using Standard Method 5310B; and Grain size using Method ASTM D-422. Samples were also evaluated for characteristics of acute toxicity using Ampelisca abdita. 3.4
SAMPLE LABELING
A sample label was affixed to each individual sample container. Clear tape was then placed over each label to prevent the labels from tearing or falling off and to prevent loss of information on the label.
The following information was recorded with a
waterproof marker on each label: Project name; Project number (if applicable); Sample identification number; Date and time of collection; Sampler' s initials; Sample preservatives (if applicable); and Analysis to be performed on sample. 3.5
SAMPLE HANDLING AND SHIPMENT
All appropriate U.S. Department of Transportation regulations (e.g., 49 CFR, Parts 100-199) were followed in shipment of air, soil and water samples collected during monitoring programs. Procedures include those listed in this subsection. Immediately following collection, all samples were labeled according to the procedures outlined in Section 3.4. The lids of the containers were sealed with duct tape, but were FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Study August 2006
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covered with custody seals or placed directly into self-sealing bags.
The sample
containers were placed in a cooler with ice in double, sealed zip-lock bags. Samples occupied the lower portion of the cooler, while the ice occupied the upper portion. Prior to shipping, glass sample containers were wrapped on the sides, tops, and bottoms with bubble wrap or other appropriate padding to prevent breakage during transport. Samples were picked up by the laboratory courier the day after sampling. 3.6
CUSTODY PROCEDURES
For samples intended for chemical analysis, sample custody procedures were followed through collection, transfer, analysis, and disposal to ensure that the integrity of the samples was maintained. Custody of samples was maintained in accordance with EPA chain-of-custody guidelines as prescribed in EPA NEIC Policies and Procedures, National Enforcement Investigations Center, Denver, Colorado, revised May 1986; EPA' s RCRA Ground Water Monitoring Technical Enforcement Guidance Document (TEGD), Guidance for Conducting Remedial Investigations and Feasibility Studies Under CERCLA (EPA OSWER Directive 9355 3-01), Appendix 2 of the Technical Guidance Manual for Solid Waste Water Quality Assessment Test (SWAT) Proposals and Reports, and Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste (EPA SW-846). Chain-ofcustody documents are included in Appendix A. 3.7
DECONTAMINATION
All re-usable sampling equipment was decontaminated between each use to ensure the integrity of each of the representative sediment samples.
The decontamination
procedure consisted of the following: 1) Wash with a non-phosphate detergent (alconox, liquinox, or other suitable detergent) and potable water solution (the decontamination fluids were changed after each decontamination cycle);
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2) Rinse with potable water; and 3) Rinse with deionized water. 3.8
DOCUMENTATION
The integrity of each sample from the time of collection to the point of data reporting was maintained throughout the study.
Proper record-keeping and chain-of-custody
procedures were implemented to allow samples to be traced from collection to final disposition. The various logs and forms that were required to adequately identify and catalog station and sample information included the following: Field Logbook - Work conducted during the course of the sediment-sampling program was documented so as to provide a concise, permanent record of field activities.
A daily field logbook was kept as the primary record for
documenting all investigative activities. Field logbooks were bound and had numbered water-resistant pages. Pertinent information regarding the areas of investigation and sampling procedures were documented, with notations made in logbook fashion, noting the time and date of entries. Information recorded in the logbook included the following information: 1. Date and time of onsite arrival/departure; 2. Name of person keeping the logbook; 3. Names of personnel present and associated with the daily field activities; 4. Daily objective; 5. Sketch of sampling locations in relation to landmarks; 6. Samples collected; 7. Methods used in sample collection; 8. Media sampled and parameters analyzed for; 9. GPS location and visual bearings from sampling locations; 10. Qualitative observations of biota and biological conditions;
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11. Weather conditions; and 12. Description of photographs taken. Each gear deployment event was also recorded in the field logbook. The station name, date, gear, cast number, water depth, time, and location coordinates were recorded on each log sheet. Penetration depth, sediment type, sediment color, and sediment odor were recorded for sediment samples.
The sample type, sample identifier, and sample number were
recorded on the station/sample log sheet. Chain-of-Custody Form - The sample and tag numbers of each sample container were recorded on a chain-of-custody form. This form identified the sample collection date and time, the type of sample, the project, and the person responsible for sample handling. The chain-of-custody form was sent to the laboratory along with the sample.
Chain-of-custody forms were
completed in triplicate with the field team leader retaining one copy. Sample Label and Custody Seal - A sample label was completed for each sample. Sample containers were labeled at the time of sampling with the following information: sample number, site name, sampling date and time, sampling personnel, preservative (if appropriate), and tag number. A custody seal was placed across the lid of the cooler prior to shipping. At the end of each day and prior to shipping or storage, chain-of-custody entries were made for all samples. Finally, information on the labels was checked against station/sample log entries, and samples were re-counted.
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4.0 SUMMARY OF SAMPLING EVENT Sampling within the Gowanus Canal took place on September 29, 2005. Weather for the sampling event began sunny and partly cloudy, and rapidly degraded through the day to finish with extreme winds, rain, and small craft warnings. The sampling was completed prior to complete degradation of the weather. Sampling was conducted in accordance with the procedures outlined in Section 3.0.
A sufficient quantity of
sediment was collected at each location to allow for chemical analyses and for bioassay evaluation.
Observations and characterization of each sample location, including
photographs, is included in Appendix B.
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5.0 CHEMICAL AND BIOASSAY DATA Sediment samples were analyzed using the following analytical techniques: Priority Pollutant metals utilizing EPA SW-846; Semi-volatile organics utilizing EPA SW-846 Method 8270; Pesticides and PCBs utilizing EPA SW-846 Method 8081/8082; Total Organic Carbon (TOC) using Standard Method 5310B; and Grain size using Method ASTM D-422. Samples were evaluated for characteristics of acute toxicity using a salt-water sediment-dwelling macroinvertebrate, Ampelisca abdita. Chemical results are tabulated and presented in Appendix C. The bioassay report is presented in Appendix D.
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6.0 CONCLUSIONS Chemical data that was obtained from the sediment samples will be incorporated into an ecological risk assessment (ERA) model to evaluate the potential for impacts to higher trophic level organisms. The results of the food-chain modeling will be used to assess a degradation factor to planned HEP modeling to be conducted on the sediment benthic community within the Gowanus Canal. The ERA model will be a standard food chain model looking at the uptake of constituents of concern in sediment by sediment-dwelling organisms and the feeding of those prey parameters into higher trophic level organisms.
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7.0 REFERENCES AMEC. 2001. Sediment Sampling Work Plan; Gowanus Canal And Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project; DACW51-03-D-0014. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 2003. Site Investigation Gowanus Bay and Gowanus Canal Kings County, NY, Final Report Volume 1. USACE Baltimore District. Baltimore, MD. USEPA. 1985. Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properties of Compounds Present at Hazardous Waste Sites. EPA/530-SW-89-010. Office of Solid Waste. Washington, D.C. USEPA. 1987b. Municipal Waste Combustion Study: Report to Congress. EPA 530SW-87-021a.Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, Washington, D.C. USEPA. 1990. Suspended, Canceled, and Restricted Pesticides. USEPA/2OT-1002. Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances. Washington, D.C. USEPA. 1992. Sediment Classification Methods Compendium. EPA 823-R-92-006. Office of Water. Washington, D.C. USEPA. 1993. Selecting Remediation Techniques for Contaminated Sediments. EPA823-B93-C01. Office of Water. Washington, D.C. USEPA. 1994. EPA’s Contaminated Sediment Management Strategy. EPA 823-R-94001. Office of Water. Washington, D.C. USEPA. 2001. Methods for Collection, Storage, and Manipulation of Sediments for Chemical and Toxicological Analyses: Technical Manual. EPA-823-B-01-002. Office of Water. Washington, D.C.
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Figures
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
ST EA
R VE RI
G
C US AN OW
EK RE
Figure 1 SITE LOCATION MAP GOWANUS CANAL HEP/ERA MODELING BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
ST A E
ER V RI
GC-03-30 GO W
GC-03-29
US AN PW EX
GC-03-28
Y
GC-03-27 GC-03-26 GC-03-20
GC-03-18 GC-03-17 GC-03-15
GC-03-25 GC-03-24 GC-03-21
GO W
AN
US
CA
NA L
GC-0 3-19 GC-0 3-16 GC-03-14
GC-03-22 GC-03-23
GC-03-13
GC-03-12
GC-03-11
GC-03-10 GC-03-09 GC-03-08
GC-03-12
GC-03-07 GC-03-06
GC-03-04 GC-03-02
W GO
US AN
GC-03-05
K EE CR
PR
O
SP E
CT
EX
PW Y
GC-03-03
GC-03-01
Figure 2 2003 SAMPLE LOCATIONS ERA MODELING SAMPLE LOCATIONS
ERA MODELING SEDIMENT SAMPLING LOCATIONS GOWANUS CANAL HEP/ERA MODELING BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
GC-03-30
GC-03-28
GC-03-26
GC-03-20
GC-03-21 GC-03-15 GC-03-19
GC-03-22
GO CA WA NA NU S L
GC-03-16
S NU WA Y GOEXPW
Figure 3 2003 SAMPLE LOCATIONS ERA MODELING SAMPLE LOCATIONS PHASE 2 SAMPLE LOCATIONS
FOCUSED SAMPLE LOCATION MAP GOWANUS CANAL HEP/ERA MODELING BROOKLYN, NEW YORK
Appendix A Chain-of-Custody Sheets
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Appendix B Sample Collection Summary
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
DATA COLLECTION SUMMARY Date of Sampling: September 29, 2005 Sampling Marshalling Point: Liberty Science Center Boat Dock Initial Meeting Time: 0730 AMEC Sampling Team Leader: Charles Harman Boat/Sampling Subcontractor: Aqua Survey, Flemington, New Jersey Boat Captain: Steve Brodman Boat Travel Course: Depart Liberty Science Boat Dock and cross New York harbor Time at Mouth of Gowanus Canal: 0800 Time at Head of Gowanus Canal after moving through bridges: 0900
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-30 Location: Latitude 40° 40.882' ; Longitude 73° 59.222' Water Depth: 3.7 feet Time of Collection: 0912 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4 feet Sediment Description: 0-1 foot interval – soft clay/silt, black in color, slight petroleum odor 1-3 foot interval – sandy silt, black; stiffer and not as wet, heavier petroleum odor, some organic debris present General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
Description: Facing the head of the canal from the sampling location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-30 (Continued):
Description: Facing downstream; note the Union Street Bridge in background
Description: Typical sediment sample. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-28 Location: Latitude 40° 40.785' ; Longitude 73° 59.290' ; sample was located just north of the Union Street bridge Water Depth: 8.5 feet Time of Collection: 0928 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4 feet Sediment Description: 0 -3 foot interval – soft, wet, black silt, some organic debris, no petroleum odor General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
Description: Facing the Union Street bridge from the sample location; Carroll Street bridge can be seen in the background through the bridge.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-28 (Continued):
Description: Facing the northern bank from the sample location.
Description: Facing the southern bank from the sample location. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-26 Location:
Latitude 40° 40.636' ; Longitude 73° 59.352' ; sample collected
downstream of Carroll Street bridge Water Depth: 11.3 feet Time of Collection: 1000 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 3.5 feet Sediment Description: 0 -2 foot interval – stiff black silt, moderate petroleum odor, some organic debris General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
rd
Description: Facing downstream towards the 3 Street bridge from the sample location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-26 (Continued):
Description: Facing the northern bank from the sample location.
Description: Facing the northern bank from the sample location. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-22 Location: Latitude 40° 40.490' , Longitude 73° 59.419' Water Depth: 5 feet Time of Collection: 1017 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 5 feet Sediment Description: 0 -2 foot interval – stiff black silt, moderate petroleum odor, some organic debris General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
rd
Description: Facing the head of the 3 Street Turning Basin from the sample location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-21 Location: Latitude 40° 40.543' , Longitude 73° 59.455' ; located just upstream of the confluence of the Gowanus Canal and the 3rd Street Turning Basin Water Depth: 14.5 feet Time of Collection: 1030 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4.5 feet Sediment Description: 0 -2 foot interval – very soft, soupy black silt, slight petroleum odor, large quantities of organic debris General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
Description: Facing upstream from the sample location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-21 (Continued):
Description: Facing the southern bank from the sample location.
rd
Description: Facing the 3 Street Turning Basin from the sample location. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-20 Location: Latitude 40° 40.563' , Longitude 73° 59.584' Water Depth: 11.8 feet Time of Collection: 1051 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4 feet Sediment Description: 0 – 6 inch interval – soft stiff black clay; heavy petroleum tar odor 6 inch – 2 foot interval – sand/gravel mixture; very heavy petroleum odor with large sheen coming to the water surface upon sediment disturbance General observations:
No benthic invertebrates; Original location was just
upstream of a barge that appears to be permanently moored on the northern side of the Canal. However, due to an inability to retain any sediment in the coring device, the sample was field located to just downstream of the barge. Photographs:
Description: Facing the sample location while adjacent to the aforementioned barge.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-20 (Continued):
Description: Facing north bank from the sample location.
Description: Facing downstream the sample location. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-19 Location:
Latitude 40° 40.522' , Longitude 73° 59.606' ; sample located
approximately mid-way up the 2nd Street Turning Basin Water Depth: 8 feet Time of Collection: 1115 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 6 feet Sediment Description: 0 – 1 foot interval – very soft black silt; strong organic odor 1 – 3 foot interval – stiff silty clay; black, strong petroleum odor; sheen on the sediment sample General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
nd
Description: Facing the head of the 2
Street Turning Basin from the sample location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-16 Location: Latitude 40° 40.480' , Longitude 73° 59.668' ; sample located in the 1st Street Turning Basin Water Depth: 6.2 feet Time of Collection: 1130 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 6 feet Sediment Description: 0 – 2 foot interval – very soft, wet, black silt; slight petroleum odor General observations: No benthic invertebrates Photographs:
st
Description: Facing the head of the 1 Street Turning Basin from the sample location.
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-15 Location:
Latitude 40° 40.510' , Longitude 73° 59.729' ; sample located just
upstream of the confluence of the Gowanus Canal and the 1st Street Turning Basin Water Depth: 10.3 feet Time of Collection: 1142 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4 feet Sediment Description: 0 – 6 inch interval – very soft black silt with some embedded gravel; heavy petroleum tar odor 6 inch – 2 foot interval – very stiff silty clay; very heavy petroleum odor with major globs of oil coming to the water surface upon sediment disturbance; heavy tar residue adhered to the coring barrel General observations: No benthic invertebrates; from an apparent standpoint, the worst sediment quality from any location. Photographs:
Description: Facing the upstream from the sample location. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-15 (Continued)
st
Description: Facing the downstream from the sample location; note the 1 Street Bridge.
Description: Oil globs from the disturbed sediment. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-31 Location:
Latitude 40° 40.425' , Longitude 73° 59.800' ; sample located just
downstream of the 1st Street Bridge Water Depth: 12.6 feet Time of Collection: 1219 Depth of Vibracore Penetration: 4 feet Sediment Description: 0 – 2 foot interval – Stiff black silty clay; moderate petroleum odor General observations: No benthic invertebrates; this station had to be relocated numerous times due to the coring device meeting refusal and unable to penetrate to depth. Much of this section of the canal has extensive gravel beds mixed in the sediment. Photographs:
Description: Facing the downstream towards the sample location; sample location was located just upstream of the large tree in center of the photograph on the opposite bank. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Sample Location GC-31 (Continued):
Description: Facing towards a small turning basin just downstream of the sample location.
st
Description: Facing upstream from the sample location, note the 1 Street Bridge. FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Appendix C Data Tables
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006
Table 1 Sediment Analyte Concentrations Gowanus Canal New York City, NY Sample ID Lab ID Sample Date Percent Moisture SVOCs (ug/kg) 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 1,2-Dichlorobenzene 1,3-Dichlorobenzene 1,4-Dichlorobenzene 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 2,4-Dichlorophenol 2,4-Dimethylphenol 2,4-Dinitrophenol 2,4-Dinitrotoluene 2,6-Dinitrotoluene 2-Chloronaphthalene 2-Chlorophenol 2-Methylnaphthalene 2-Methylphenol (o-Cresol) 2-Nitroaniline 2-Nitrophenol 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine 3-Nitroaniline 4,6-Dinitro-2-methylphenol 4-Bromophenyl-phenylether 4-Chloro-3-methylphenol 4-Chloroaniline 4-Chlorophenyl-phenylether 4-Methylphenol (p-Cresol) 4-Nitroaniline 4-Nitrophenol Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Anthracene Benzo(a)anthracene Benzo(a)pyrene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(g,h,i)perylene Benzo(k)fluoranthene bis(2-Chloroethoxy)methane bis(2-Chloroethyl)ether bis(2-Chloroisopropyl)ether bis(2-Ethylhexyl)phthalate Butylbenzylphthalate Carbazole Chrysene Dibenzo(a,h)anthracene Dibenzofuran Diethylphthalate Dimethylphthalate Di-n-butylphthalate Di-n-octylphthalate Fluoranthene Fluorene Hexachlorobenzene Hexachlorobutadiene Hexachlorocyclopentadiene Hexachloroethane Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Isophorone Naphthalene Nitrobenzene N-Nitroso-di-n-propylamine N-Nitrosodiphenylamine Pentachlorophenol Phenanthrene Phenol Pyrene
Analyte concentration data.xlsSediment 9-05
Chronic Sediment Benchmarks
Chronic Benchmark Reference
Acute Sediment Benchmarks
Acute Benchmark Reference
GC-15 673770 09/29/2005 59
5062 294 1315 318 NC 208 81.7 304 6.21 14.4 39.8 417 31.9 20.2 55.4 NC NC 127 NC NC 1550 388 146 NC 20.2 NC 13.3 6.71 5.87 57.2 108 150 10400 170 240 NC 3520 NC 182 1970 NC 166 33 449 295 NC 1114 40600 423 77.4 20 26.5 901 584 200 432 176 145 NC NC 23000 204 49.1 195
b b b b NA b b b b b b b b b b NA NA b NA NA b b b NA b NA b b b b b b b b b NA b NA b b NA b b b b NA b b b b b b b b b b b b NA NA b b b b
NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC NC 33300 133200 129600 NC 28800 120600 NC NC NC NC NC NC 41400 11700 NC NC NC NC NC 91800 14400 2160 NC NC NC 28800 NC NC NC NC NC NC 85500 NC 76500
NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA e e e NA e e NA NA NA NA NA NA e e NA NA NA NA NA e e e NA NA NA e NA NA NA NA NA NA e NA e
16000 160000 160000 160000 160000 160000 160000 160000 660000 33000 33000 160000 160000 1000000 160000 330000 160000 330000 330000 660000 160000 160000 160000 160000 160000 330000 660000 460000 87000 280000 150000 120000 52000 48000 72000 160000 16000 160000 94000 160000 160000 180000 16000 36000 160000 160000 160000 160000 260000 270000 16000 33000 160000 16000 38000 160000 1700000 16000 16000 160000 660000 780000 160000 420000
U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U J
J U U U J U U U J U U U U
U U U U U U U U U U
GC-16 673769 09/29/2005 70 2200 22000 22000 22000 22000 22000 22000 22000 89000 4500 4500 22000 22000 13000 22000 45000 22000 45000 45000 89000 22000 22000 22000 22000 22000 45000 89000 14000 9400 21000 19000 17000 8000 6000 12000 22000 2200 22000 160000 9800 22000 22000 2400 2100 22000 22000 22000 10000 31000 9200 2200 4500 22000 2200 5500 22000 15000 2200 2200 22000 89000 47000 22000 48000
U U U U U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U U U U U U J J J
J U U U J U J J U U U J J U U U U U J U U U U U
GC-19 673768 09/29/2005 70 1100 11000 11000 11000 11000 11000 11000 11000 44000 2200 2200 11000 11000 17000 11000 22000 11000 22000 22000 44000 11000 11000 3800 11000 11000 22000 44000 34000 12000 34000 29000 23000 11000 6800 16000 11000 1100 11000 71000 11000 450 32000 2800 2500 11000 11000 11000 4400 52000 9100 1100 2200 11000 1100 5500 11000 30000 1100 1100 11000 44000 58000 11000 71000
GC-20 673767 09/29/2005 60 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U J U U U U
J U U U U J
J U U U J J U U U U U U U U U U
420 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 4200 17000 830 830 4200 4200 1800 4200 8300 4200 8300 8300 17000 4200 4200 1000 4200 4200 8300 17000 13000 7100 14000 15000 13000 7900 2700 11000 4200 420 4200 33000 4200 4200 17000 740 4200 4200 4200 1300 2700 29000 3500 420 830 4200 420 2300 4200 7900 420 420 4200 17000 29000 4200 34000
U U U U U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U J U U U U
J U U U U U
U U U J J J U U U U U U U U U U
GC-21 673766 09/29/2005 64 180 1800 1800 75 1800 1800 1800 1800 7400 370 370 1800 1800 120 1800 3700 1800 3700 3700 7400 1800 1800 240 1800 140 3700 7400 690 720 1000 2200 2100 1800 510 2000 1800 180 1800 8900 440 130 2400 180 180 1800 1800 1800 1800 4600 520 180 370 1800 180 550 1800 310 180 180 1800 7400 2800 1800 5600
U U U J U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U J U J U U J J J
J U U U J J U J U U U U J U U U U U J U U U U U
GC-22 673765 09/29/2005 60 170 1700 1700 100 1700 1700 1700 1700 6700 330 330 1700 1700 410 1700 3300 1700 3300 3300 6700 1700 1700 750 1700 71 3300 6700 3200 2600 3500 6000 6300 3800 1000 5400 1700 170 1700 24000 1000 1700 6600 530 1700 1700 1700 1700 3000 12000 1700 170 330 1700 170 1100 1700 570 170 170 1700 6700 1600 1700 18000
U U U J U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U J U J U U
J U U U J U
U U U U
U U U U U U J U U U U J U
GC-26 673764 09/29/2005 62 88 880 880 44 880 880 880 880 3500 180 180 880 880 100 880 1800 880 1800 1800 3500 880 880 220 880 160 1800 3500 820 830 1100 2100 2100 1400 430 2200 880 88 880 8300 320 66 2400 180 100 880 880 880 560 4000 190 88 180 880 88 450 880 200 88 88 880 3500 1000 880 5800
U U U J U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U J U J U U J J
J U U U J J
J U U U J J U U U U U J U U U U U
GC-28 673763 09/29/2005 66
GC-30 673762 09/29/2005 45
GC-31 673771 09/29/2005 58
190 1900 1900 76 1900 1900 1900 1900 7800 390 390 1900 1900 990 1900 3900 1900 3900 3900 7800 1900 1900 390 1900 74 3900 7800 8800 3800 7700 8000 7400 4000 1300 5800 1900 190 1900 9800 1900 190 8400 560 700 1900 1900 1900 850 14000 3000 190 390 1900 190 1400 1900 1200 190 190 1900 7800 19000 1900 22000
120 1200 1200 76 1200 1200 1200 1200 4900 240 240 1200 1200 3800 1200 2400 1200 2400 2400 4900 1200 1200 110 1200 96 2400 4900 5600 2800 5500 5800 5300 3000 960 4300 1200 120 1200 3700 1200 160 6200 420 460 1200 1200 1200 1200 10000 3400 120 240 1200 120 990 1200 4100 120 120 1200 4900 16000 1200 15000
800 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 32000 1600 1600 8000 8000 11000 8000 16000 8000 16000 16000 32000 8000 8000 8000 8000 8000 16000 32000 39000 17000 44000 37000 32000 14000 7900 23000 8000 800 8000 15000 3500 370 41000 2700 2800 8000 8000 8000 8000 66000 17000 800 1600 8000 800 7200 8000 21000 800 800 8000 32000 90000 8000 90000
U U U J U U U U U U U U U J U U U U U U U U J U J U U
J U U U U J
J U U U J
U U U U U J U U U U U
U U U J U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U J U J U U
J U U U U J
J U U U U
U U U U U U U U U U
U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U
J U U U J J
J U U U U
U U U U U U U U U U
Table 1 Sediment Analyte Concentrations Gowanus Canal New York City, NY Sample ID Lab ID Sample Date Percent Moisture Pesticides (ug/kg) 4,4'-DDD 4,4'-DDE 4,4'-DDT Aldrin alpha-BHC beta-BHC Chlordane delta-BHC Dieldrin Endosulfan I Endosulfan II Endosulfan Sulfate Endrin Endrin Aldehyde Endrin Ketone gamma-BHC (Lindane) Heptachlor Heptachlor Epoxide Methoxychlor Toxaphene PCBs (ug/kg) Aroclor-1016 Aroclor-1221 Aroclor-1232 Aroclor-1242 Aroclor-1248 Aroclor-1254 Aroclor-1260 Aroclor-1262 Aroclor-1268 Metals (mg/kg) Antimony Arsenic Beryllium Cadmium Chromium Copper Lead Mercury Nickel Selenium Silver Thallium Zinc Other (mg/kg) TOC Grain Size (%) Gravel Sand Silt Clay
Benchmark Reference
GC-15 673770 09/29/2005 59
GC-16 673769 09/29/2005 70
GC-19 673768 09/29/2005 70
GC-20 673767 09/29/2005 60
GC-21 673766 09/29/2005 64
GC-22 673765 09/29/2005 60
GC-26 673764 09/29/2005 62
GC-28 673763 09/29/2005 66
GC-30 673762 09/29/2005 45
Benchmark Reference
4.88 3.16 4.16 2.0 6.0 5.0 3.24 71500 3.3 3.26 1.94 34.6 2.22 480 NC 2.37 0.60 2.47 13.6 0.077
b b b b b b b b c b b b b b NA b b b b b
540 1710 6390 720 900 1890 540 NC 8190 NC NC NC 11700 NC NC 90 NC 450 NC NC
e e e e e e e NA e NA NA NA e NA NA e NA e NA NA
85 49 140 16 16 46 160 16 39 16 26 16 16 54 82 21 16 16 110 160
7.0 67 NC NC 30 60 5.0 NC NC
d c NA NA d d d NA NA
4770 NC NC NC 13500 3060 2160 NC NC
e NA NA NA e e e NA NA
330 330 330 2500 330 330 5200 330 330
2.0 6.0 NC 0.60 26 16 31 0.15 16 NC 1.0 NC 120
a a NA a a a a a a NA a NA a
25 33 NC 9.0 110 110 110 1.3 50 NC 2.2 NC 270
f f NA f f f f f f NA f NA f
2.9 14.3 0.59 16 272 540 732 5.4 135 2.3 9.1 1.2 1010
NC
NA
NC
NA
158000
161000
145000
9300
72700
104000
61500
78600
26500
84700
NC NC NC NC
NA NA NA NA
NC NC NC NC
NA NA NA NA
14.1 26.3 49.4 10.2
2.0 12.7 70.1 15.2
0.0 5.8 79.4 14.8
15.4 26.6 48.8 9.2
0.70 17.4 66.6 15.3
0.10 25.4 62.5 12
0.10 17.2 70.6 12
1.1 25.9 57.6 15.5
0.60 64.6 27.3 7.5
1.8 33.4 54.1 10.6
P* P* P* U U U U U P* U U P*
U U P* U U U U U U U U UN B N N D B U
380 110 110 110 110 110 1100 110 110 110 110 110 110 170 110 140 880 110 110 1100
P* U U U U U U U U U U U U P* U P* P* U U U
22 400 620 22 22 84 1500 22 280 22 22 22 43 130 22 22 22 22 22 220
2200 2200 2200 35000 2200 2200 2200 2200 2200
U U U
220 220 220 2400 220 220 4100 220 220
4 14.4 0.7 34.6 416 818 1120 5 268 3.7 19.5 1.6 1530
U U U U U BN B N N D U
3.8 18.2 0.83 29.4 518 874 1160 4.3 283 3.2 20.5 1.6 1680
U P* U U
U U U U P* P* U U U U U U U U U U U U U UN B N N D B U
220 230 380 17 17 33 940 17 180 17 17 17 32 170 17 20 17 17 17 170 170 170 170 2200 170 170 3000 170 170 2.9 12.3 0.65 7.3 166 370 670 2.5 94.3 2.5 7.3 1.2 825
P* P* U U P* U U U U P* U P* U U U U U U U U U U U UN B N N D U
48 30 19 19 19 19 190 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 22 190 190 190 190 190 190 350 190 190 190 3.2 7.5 0.84 2.1 90.5 245 420 3.1 49.3 2.3 8.4 1.3 557
P* U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U P* U U U U U U U U U UN B B N N D U U
17 270 280 17 17 50 840 17 180 17 17 17 22 17 17 19 17 52 17 170 170 170 170 1800 170 170 2200 170 170 3.5 10.8 0.7 10 207 482 882 2.5 133 2.4 8.8 1.2 1010
U P* U U
U U U U P* U U P* U P* U U U U U U U U U BN B N N D B U
220 110 18 18 18 18 810 18 49 18 18 18 18 18 93 18 18 18 18 180 180 180 180 180 180 340 180 180 180 3.1 6.9 0.85 1.5 86.2 217 306 1.8 44.2 2.9 5.6 1.2 484
U U U U U P* U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U UN B B N N D
U
38 48 46 19 19 20 360 19 19 19 19 19 19 59 20 19 19 19 44 190 190 190 190 190 190 330 280 190 190 3.5 6.7 0.9 2 86.3 229 366 1.4 45.6 3.8 6.1 1.4 517
P* P* U U P* U U U U U U P* U U U P* U U U U U U
U U BN B B N N D
U
12 12 12 12 12 12 120 12 12 12 12 12 12 180 12 12 12 12 12 120
U U U U U U
240 80 80 80 80 80 800 80 80 80 120 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 210 800
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
U U U U U U U U U
160 160 160 730 160 160 540 160 160
2.1 4.4 0.49 0.15 39.7 120 110 0.44 20.8 1.5 2.4 1.7 180
UN
2.8 8.4 0.67 2.9 82.7 217 330 2.1 41.2 2.9 5.5 1.1 494
NOTES: References: NC - No criteria a - NYSDEC "Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments" (1999) Lowest Effects Level NA - Not applicable b - EPA Region 5 "RCRA Ecological Screening Levels (ESLs)" (2003) Detected concentration above the chronic sediment screening benchmark c - EPA Region 4 Supplimental Guidance to RAGS: Region 4 Bulletins, Ecological Risk Assessment" (2001) Detected concentration above the acute sediment screening benchmark Sediment Screening Values for Hazardous Waste Sites. Detected concentration with no associated sediment screening benchmark d - NJDEP "Guidance for Sediment Quality Evaluations" (1998) Lowest Effects Level Qualifiers: e - NJDEP "Guidance for Sediment Quality Evaluations" (1998) Severe Effects Level (Using Average TOC of 9.0%) B - Reported value is less than the Practical Quantitation Limit but greater than or equal to the Instrument Detection Limit. f - NYSDEC "Technical Guidance for Screening Contaminated Sediments" (1999) Severe Effects Level D - Duplicate analysis is not within control limits. J - Mass spectral data indicates the presence of a compound that meets the identified criteria. The result is less than the specified quantitation limit but greater than or equal to the method detection limit. The concentration given is an approximate value. N - The spiked sample recovery is not within control limits. P - For duel column analysis, the percent difference between the quantitated concentrations on the two columns is greater than 40%. U = The compound was not detected at the indicated concentration. * - For duel column analysis, the lowest quantitated concentration is being reported due to coeluting interference.
Analyte concentration data.xlsSediment 9-05
GC-31 673771 09/29/2005 58
Sediment Benchmarks
U U U U U U U U U U U U U
B U N N D U B U
U U U U U U U U U P* U U U U U U U P* U U U U U U U U UN B N N D
U
Appendix D Bioassay Report
FINAL Sediment Sampling Report Gowanus Canal and Bay Ecosystem Restoration Project August 2006