Redevelopment of Machhabhaudi Area Dharan, Sunsari PROJECT REPORT TRIBHUWAN UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF SubmittedPURWANCHALENGINEERINGCAMPUSinthepartialfulfillment of the Requirement for the degree of BACHELORS OF ARCHITECTURE In the Department of Architecture Purwanchal Campus Aliza Bhattarai (05) Bipin Basnet (13) Dinesh Thapa (15) Durga Rai (18) Kritim Katwal (22) Submitted to: Ar. Shashi Kumar Mandal Ar. Sanjaya Maharjan Department of Architecture Date:Baishak 26, 2079 Submitted by:
DECLARATION We (Aliza Bhattarai/Bipin Basnet/Dinesh Thapa/Durga Rai/Kritim Katwal) hereby declare that this dissertation has not been previously accepted in substance for any degree and it is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree I state that this dissertation is the result of my own independent work/ investigation except otherwise stated I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for any kind of reproducing and understand that any reference to or Quotation from my thesis will receive an Poush,PurwanchalBGroupAcknowledgement.A3ArchIOE,Campus2078
We (Aliza Bhattarai / Bipin Basnet / Dinesh Thapa / Durga Rai / Kritim Katwal ) would like to express our sincere gratitude to our supervisor Ar Sanjaya Babu Maharjan and Ar Shashi Kumar Mandal for guiding us for site observation of the Redevelopment Project of Machhabhaudi We would also want to express our appreciation for successfully guiding us through various stages of the site observation We would also like to be thankful for their continued support, guidance, and supervision, which helped us understand things better throughout the research works, case study materials, observation works, and preparation of the report and presentation Knowledge is the greatest gift one can share and We have been blessed to get adequate of that under their supervision and guidance
Our sincere gratitude also goes to the Architecture Department (HOD & Faculty staff) for giving us such an opportunity to redevelop the Machhabhaudi (Local Market & community) through the Design Studio VII project During our observation, we came to know about the history behind the development of Machhabhaudi, settlement pattern distribution, elements of the market, various landmarks and heritages, within the surroundings and got to learn about them in brief Urbanization is one of the important parameters for a quality of life So, it is our responsibility to preserve them to their original form and upgrade it as per the need of the time so that we can hand them over to our future generation. Such studies help discover the facts, stories, and values that are being forgotten these days that would preserve the emotional, functional, and cultural values of an area while preserving the structure that emanates those vibes.
A sincere thanks go to our class members who helped us to understand different aspects of the site through data sharing and presentations given in the studio as everyone has different Also,perceptions.wearegrateful to the inhabitants of the site, Ward no. 3 chairperson Asharam Shrestha, for their contribution to helping us collect the important information that would help guide us through the whole project
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
And lastly, we would like to recall all the helping hands who helped us through the project either directly or indirectly.
Table of contents Declaration Acknowledgment2 3 Table of contents 4 Abstract 5 INTRODUCTION 6 7 Background History SITE ANALYSIS 7 20 Site observation Building bye laws Building Typology Types of street vendors Rudraksh ComparisonMachhavaudipark,ofroads and vendors LITREATURE REVIEW 20 33 Redevelopment Need of redevelopment Types of redevelopments Open space Open space site selection park types hierarchy StreetStreet StandardsParkingfurniturelayoutforroad access Water supply Infrastructure structure and norms FINAL DESIGN 50 Conceptualization101 Structure plan Program formulation Spaces BuildinghousingBuildingTypology:ViewsAxonometricElevationdistributionviewtypology:Residentialtype1typology:Residential housing type 2 Building typology: Social housing Building typology: Public building Building typology: Apartment cum commercial building Building typology: Commercial block Building typology: Mixed use building type Mixed1 use building type 2 Mixed use building type 3 Mixed use building type 4 Mixed use building type 5 Mixed use building type 6 Mixed use building type 7 Commercial complex CASE STUDIES 34 50 Case study 1 : Manek chowk Case study 2: Gongabu land Casepoolingstudy 3: Town center CaseCarolinastudy 4: Kwun tong town comparisoncenter
ABSTRACT Cities are identified by the adequacy of infrastructures & good state of living inhibited by the majority of the population Cities may be in a state of development phase or already in a developed state Life in the city is balanced by various physical, environmental, biological, socio cultural, traditional, and economic aspects During the phase of development, if any of these aspects get unequal importance, the state of part of the city starts to degrade subsequently decreasing the quality of life. This kind of event happens due to poor policies, or unawareness of the people who have the right ship of land in the particular area of the city The urban areas, which are facing or are on the verge of facing such kinds of problems need to be relooked based on various aspects & policies. The redevelopment process can assist a great help in reviving the state of any area. This proposal is about the redevelopment of the Machhavaudi area which according to the present condition is headed into unmanaged development irrespective of the existing social needs, population change & various other factors.
1. INTRODUCTION Sites are not always barren lands ready to be executed into different model systems Sometimes they can be scaled up to the pre existing masses of developed cities which would need a relook to upgrade or revive the quality of life for the users. Urban redevelopment can be defined as the concept or process that involves the study of the past, predicting the future of the place while designing for the current needs of the place improving and reusing real estate in your neighborhood or city by adding or rehabilitating buildings, making more marketable properties The word redevelopment is derived from the combination of two words ‘re’ and ‘development’ which means development again and again. Redevelopment is all about meeting future needs, preserving history, and ensuring ecological stability The indicators of redevelopment are construction, rehabilitation, and relocation
The benefits of redevelopment are as follows:
3. Increases the commercial value of the site and property value
2. BACKGROUND Dharan is a sub metropolitan city in Sunsari District of Province No. 1, Nepal, which was established as a fourth municipality in the Kingdom in 1958 Dharan is the location of the former Vijayapur, the seat of a historical Koch kingdom, which was later used by the Sen kings of Makwanpur Dharan is situated on the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in the north with its southern tip touching the edge of the Terai region at an altitude that varies from 119m to 1,778m The total area of Dharan is 192.32 km2 . The Koshi highway runs through the heart of the city which also connects the major cities like Biratnagar, Itahari as well as Dhankuta The population of Dharan is 1,37,705 and the climate is moderate Dharan is packed with major landmarks like Budha Subba, Dantakali temple, Dharan Bhanu square, Chindey Danda, etc Our site lies inside the boundary of ward no 3 which has a total area of 0 131 sq km and a population of 4661 People with a variety of ethnic groups live here and the language spoken in this area consists of Nepali, Newari, and DharanTamang.is a sub metropolitan city in Sunsari District of Province No 1, Nepal, which was established as a fourth municipality in the Kingdom in 1958. Dharan is the location of the former Vijayapur, the seat of a historical Koch kingdom, which was later used by the Sen kings of Makwanpur Dharan is situated on the foothills of the Mahabharat Range in the north with its southern tip touching the edge of the Terai region at an altitude that varies from 119m to 1,778m The total area of Dharan is 192.32 km2 . The Koshi highway runs through the heart of the city which also connects the major cities like Biratnagar, Itahari as well as Dhankuta The population of Dharan is 1,37,705 and the climate is moderate Dharan is packed with major landmarks like Budha Subba, Dantakali temple, Dharan Bhanu square, Chindey Danda, etc Our site lies inside the boundary of ward no 3 which has a total area of 0 131 sq km and a population of 4661 People with a variety of ethnic groups live here and the language spoken in this area consists of Nepali, Newari, and Tamang.
1. Improvs the community’s image and its economic and site conditions
2. Improves infrastructures and public facilities and enhances open spaces.
HISTORY
Going back to history, the development of Dharan started during the reign of then Prime Minister Chandra Shumsher when the deforestation caused by the exportation of woods to Accham of India made the land barren and empty. The land was then filled by the influx of the people invited by Chandra Shumsher. People started using the locally available resources to construct their new homes which resulted in the growth of new settlements in the area. People used farming as the major source of their income. With the growth of settlements, the market from Fushre bazaar eventually shifted to the new area and the initial settlement was called Chandrapur bazaar which is called Purano Bazaar now. Later on, using the same principles Juddha Shumsher established the settlement name Juddhanagar on the adjacent side of the present Koshi highway, which later on due to better services managed to replace Purano Bazaar as the major commercial center of Dharan. The development of the whole Dharan was triggered by the events like British Gurkha recruitment. Dharan was also known to be the zonal headquarter. The development of Sadan road is believed to be triggered by Sadan Mid school at first and with time various influencing factors like Purano bazaar and linkage to other major part of cities were responsible for later development. Similarly, around 2010 B.S. Dharan was full of wooden houses and stone paved streets along the Sadan road. With no proper facility for drainage, all the surface water from Fushre and Bijaypur would now collect into the Khahare Khola washing away all the loose topsoil. Later on, along the edge of Khahare Khola fish selling business was established with the goods coming from Koshi as well as India. So, the major axis that would influence the site area would be Sadan road, Purano Bazaar as well as Machhavaudi area. Later on, after the recruitment center of Gurkhas was shifted to Pokhara and the headquarters was shifted to Biratnagar. This caused a major setback in the rapid development of Dharan but on the individual level, the economic condition of people was raised due to the Ghopa camp, and eventually, the living standard was raised. The modernization of Dharan seemed to start from here which was reflected in changing form of the building from traditional to modern. Also, the transformation of the traditional way of housing to modern form was triggered by the devastating earthquake event that took place in 2045 B.S. Since then, the façade of the street has inclined towards having more and more modern materials like plaster, metals, and so on. Also, the land to open space ratio has reduced over time. In the past, social and cultural activities like singing, dancing, dramas, etc. in different nodes and junctions have been known to be performed.
LANDMARK: Landmarks are the point of reference a person cannot enter. They can be buildings, signs, stores, mountains, public art, etc. There is no prominent landmark inside our site. Although, our site is surrounded by a landmark that defines the image of the whole Dharan. However, Machhavaudi park can be considered one
EDGES: Edges can be also referred to as boundaries that can be either real or perceived. They can be walls, buildings, shorelines, streets, façades, etc. They can be linear elements that form boundaries between areas or linear breaks in continuity which can prevent motion in a specific direction Edges in our site are identified by the part between Macchavaudi Area and Desi line A slight reference can also be given towards the out building façade facing Sadan Road and the inner buildings to the south of Sadan road
1. FIVE ELEMENTS OF THE CITY
PATHWAYSPathwaysconsist of streets, sidewalks, trails, canals, railroads, and other channels in which people travel. They can also be considered as the way along which the observers move and hold the view. Pathways may contain significant buildings and facades and are the most important elements in people’s image. Our site hosts major pathways as well as local streets. Major pathways consist
SITE OBSERVATION
LOCATIONOFSITE
DISTRICT: Districts are the medium to large areas that are two dimensional and have common identifying characteristics in which the observer mentally enters ‘inside of’ The characteristics can be spatial form, colors, texture, urban fabric, etc. They may have clear edges, or soft uncertain ones gradually fading away into surrounding areas. On our site, three kinds of districts can be observed as shown in the site map which is classified in terms of commercial frequency.
2.1 ABOUT SITE The chosen site for the redevelopment of the Machhavaudi area is around 24317 km2 in area. Major landmarks for locating our site are Bhanu Chowk on the west Similarly, there is a Rudraksha Park and squatter settlement attached to the site on the western part, Sadan school and Bhanu smriti school can be located on the eastern part of the site. The site is located inside the boundary set by the intersection of four roads i e , Sadan road, Kavi Krishna Pakhrin Marga, Shanti path, and Bhanu smriti Marg Khahare Khola runs below the park which receives the direct discharge of drainage from the site.
NODES Nodes can be referred to as the large areas you can enter which serve as the foci of the city, neighborhood, district, etc. They are the strategic points in the city that the user can enter, be directed to many destinations, and can be gathering places There are various nodes (Active and Inactive) in the context of our site The most active node is node 1 followed by node 2 Among all the nodes on the site Only four nodes were are explained here Node 1 This node creates a connection between Sadan Road and Deshi line on the east west line and opens to Kavi Krishna Pakhrin Marga on the south and Kailash Path on the North. Macchavaudi park is located on the south of node parking facilities for auto rickshaws and the presence of vendors can be observed This node also functions as a celebration space for different kinds of events such as holy festivals, cultural programs, etc Also, the traffic moving in and out of the Sadan road was calculated staying in this node in which it was concluded that the maximum number of movements inside and out was done by two wheelers and least was done by four wheelers The graph diagram can be seen in the Nodeannex2 This node connects Kavi Krishna Marga with the Shanti path having a bridge on the west side. Squatter settlements can be seen on both the north and south side. Also, Rudraksha Park is located on the north side of this node. This node is characterized by a regular flow of auto rickshaw and vibrant activities in corner shops. Also, the presence of vendors can be observed in the morning and nighttime. In this node, the vehicle with the highest movement was achieved by an autorickshaw and the lowest was achieved by four wheelers Node 3 This node connects Sadan road, Turkey valley path & Bhanu smriti path Any kind of activity does not define this node but rather the junction it creates between the pathways In this node, the flow of transport was analyzed in which two wheeler had the highest number i e , about 250 per hour, the second highest flow of traffic was created by auto rickshaw which is around 200 per hour The third highest flow of traffic was created by pedestrians which were about 120 people per hour and the minimum traffic was created by four wheelers which are around 50 vehicles per hour Node 4 This node is formed with the connection of the Shanti path & Bhanu smriti Marga. Also, it is the quietest node with fewer activities. This node is accompanied by a corner shop and opens to the entry road of Bhanu smriti school. This node experiences a low flow of vehicular movements as well as pedestrian movements
fig: Node 1 fig: Node 2 fig: Node 3 fig: Node 4
ACTIVE FRONTAGE
FIGURE & GROUND
SITE LANDUSE MAP Through this land use map, we were able to show the active frontage & inactive frontage on our site Active frontage is shown in dark yellow color & inactive frontage is shown in light yellow color in the figure below
The physical infrastructure & their condition were good as we find it through our general observation on the site. Infrastructures such as health, education & communication are good enough as the facilities provided were in the peripheral zone from the site Similarly, on site infrastructures such as transportation, electricity & water supply were good in availability but the condition, appearance as well as maintenance was not good Similarly, we also studied the different layers of the map of our site such as figure & ground, the hierarchy of roads, building conditions, open space analysis, drainage pattern, noise frequency, etc which are shown below:
The figure shows us the building to open space ratio in our site where the building blocks are highlighted in black color. This makes us clearer for open space analysis on our site.
INACTIVE FRONTAGE
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
An active frontage is a continuous business or retail use that opens directly to the footpath These uses provide activity on the streets Through the study, we find out that the active frontage on our site is on the three sides of the street which were Sadan road, Kavi Krishna Marga & Shanti Path respectively where more activity was observed.
An inactive frontage consists of buildings that present their backs to public space and boundaries between public and private space marked by fences and blank walls where less activity occurs It can be occupied by residential spaces Similarly, on our site, the stretch on Bhanu smriti Marga and the residential spaces can be located as an inactive frontage
ELECTRIC POLE/LIGHT MAPPING
SURROUNDING LANDMARK
As shown in the figure the prominent landmark nearest to our site is Rudraksha Park which is attached to the west part of the site This creates an open space that is used as a recreational space Also, it helps in creating a social gathering space that also contains a children’s park
NOISE IMPACT ANALYSIS
This map gives information about the drainage condition on our site. Bhanu smriti Marga has two side drains, Sadan road has one side drain on the north, Sadan road also has one side drain on the north side and Kavi Krishna Marga has one side drain on the east The drain collects and goes to Khahare Khola which is according to IUDP but the condition is still bad because maximum drains are open
This map gives information about the street lamp & electric pole located in our site The electric poles are symbolized with triangles & street lamps are symbolized with a dot As shown in the figure through general observation in our site the electric poles and street lamps are scattered & are set haphazardly According to IUDP 2017 Dharan Municipality the street poles/lamps should be in a minimum distance of 30m with poles in 15m distance alternatively.
DRAINAGE CHANNEL MAP
This map shows the noise impact in the four different zones of our site. The red color shows the high noise impact which is Sadan road due to high activity. Similarly, the orange color has less noise impact than red which is in Kavi Krishna Marga, Shanti path, and Dovan line. Yellow color has less noise impact than orange which is Bhanu Smriti Marga as it has less traffic flow and green color zone which is pedestrian access inside the size has very low noise impact
ROOF TYPOLOGY
This map gives information about the roof typology which is categorized in three different colors. Flat roofs are shown in black color similarly yellow color shows CGI roof and blue color shows roof with truss
This map gives information about the condition of the buildings on our site by studying its materials. Modern buildings are shown in dark yellow color as well as traditional building is shown in light yellow color.
This map gives information about the houses with their character in height Five Storey ones are two blocks both of them with commercial activities zone. Four, three Storey blocks with semi commercial activities Two & Storey buildings are mainly residential blocks
STOREY MAP
HOUSE
CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY
The idea of street elevations was for showing skylines, materials as well as characters of the stretch on four sides For materials on our site, we colored the elevations similar on our site and then we categorized its material There was a maximum of five materials used which are:
• Brick • Plaster • CGI • Tiles • Wood
The characters of the buildings on the site were similar except Bhanu smriti Marga as all the ground floor of the buildings on the three sides were occupied by commercial spaces and the space above it was occupied by rental space or for living But on the Bhanu smriti Marga maximum number of buildings were for residential purposes Similarly, as observed on all the four stretches of the elevation the common thing noticed was the balcony spaces which were basically for shade, as well as the space, was used for roof gardening means due to lack of open spaces these things might have taken place
Street Elevations
LIGHT PLANE
• For controlled physical paln:6m public road touched land building can be raised to 10m 8m or greater road touched land building can be raised greater than 10m
• For roads shorter than 50m(cul de sac/dead end), 1 5m setback from the center of the road should be provided
BUILDING
• The setback for tall buildings greater than 17m shall have a height and setback ratio of 4:1 and at least a minimum setback of 5m OF ROADS IN THE PROPOSED PHYSICAL PLANS: HEIGHT AND SETBACK RATIO
RIGHT OF WAY (ROW)
• The minimum setback side of tall buildings up to 10m should be 1 5m
For the construction of a building on the side of the main road, H= (width of road+2xsetback)
• For the construction of a new road, 3m setback from the center of the road should be given. For a geographically unfit area, a 2m setback from the center of the road under the recommendation of the technical committee should be provided
• Any road turnings should have a minimum radius of 3 5m
• In case of the public physical plan: connecting with existing public road, road width should be at least 8m
BUILDING BYE-LAWS
•For government, public and semi public buildings, 50% ground coverage should be maintained
For residential buildings, 70% ground coverage rule is implemented for sites having an area less than or equal to 250 SQ.M, and a 60% ground coverage rule is implemented for sites having an area greater than 250 SQ M
• For roads having a width less than 4m, 2m setback from the center of the road should be provided
GROUND COVERAGE ARRANGEMENT
• The minimum setback side of tall buildings greater than 10m but up to 17m should be 3m for public buildings and 2m for other buildings
2 Parking Space Space for 2,3,4 wheelers 1 parking lot/1 market center No parking area
S N Types of land use Norms Standards Site conditions
2 Settlement Promoted Area 10=20% of the land A low density of allowable development50person/ha Maximum density of settlement Residential cum commercial Commercial: restaurant, motels, multi purpose hall, repairing ReligiousInstitutionalcenters:centers, Daycare, ResidentialLibrary: Row housing, single and group housing, the hostel Encourage mixed land use along main roads Development of at least 5 homestays Mixed-use of the building
1 Natural Resource Area 80-90% of the Settlementlandshall not be allowed Agricultural Forest/Special Geographical Features, environmentally sensitive areas Discourage fragmentation of land No construction in sensitive areas and around water bodies Buffer of minimum 15 minutes from sensitive areas ● Haphazard construction of buildings ● No enough open space available
Residential Dwelling structures and other selected amenities, offices, banks, libraries, police posts, etc. Should be located at a distance of 1km away from the main market Residential area in the inner street of site Land Use
S. N Types of Infrastructure Norms Standards Site conditions
1 Haat Bazaar Twice a week vegetable and meat market with cold storage 0.2 ha /site ● Presence of Vegetable/meat market
•Infrastructure Norms and Standards • Physical Infrastructures (Measurement in m) • Economic Infrastructure
BUILDING TYPOLOGY
In residential buildings, all the floors are used for residential purposes. In the above figure, we can see a modern residence and a tadhe Ghar; side by side connected by a courtyard Firstly, there was only tadhe ghar before 2045 but after the earthquake in 2045, the house was destructed So, after that modern residence was built in the area of tadhe ghar later using the materials of the destructed tadhe ghar, a new tadhe ghar was built towards the south Almost all residential types of buildings are found in Bhanu smriti road
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
MIXED
Another type of building is a mixed building in which the ground floor is used as a commercial space and the remaining floor for residential purposes We can see in the plan in which the ground floor is used for commercial space and the remaining floors are used for residential purposes Similarly, in the second plan, the frontage is used as commercial space followed by a small corridor leading to a multifamily house with a connected courtyard forming a community USED BUILDING
On our site, building typology can be classified as a residential building, commercial building, and mixed use building
Similarly, in this figure, we can see the type of commercial building only used for commercial purposes. 1st plan is of hotel and laws with reception, dining, and kitchen on the ground floor and guest rooms in above floors. Similarly, the 2nd figure is a typical building with only commercial space COMMERCIAL BUILDING
There are many types of street vendors on our site as we can see in the above picture, people near the periphery of our site are the vendors in our site. Also, the Squatter settlement runs their business of roti and vakka near their periphery for their livelihood making the street livelier, but due to improper management of street vendors, our street is facing traffic congestion problem.
TYPES OF STREET VENDORS
VENDOR ANALYSIS The culture of a street market in Dharan has been existing from the beginning the main city of Dharan consists of many street vendors followed by our site due to the high pedestrian flow, our site has a huge potential for street vending
IMPACT OF VENDOR
In this figure, a visual representation of the location of vendors can be seen. The majority of the vendors tend to make their business along the edge of Sadan road and Shanti path. Also, in the second figure, we can see the spatial territory created by each vendor. The impact of vendors can be analyzed by activities that are radiated along with the vendors and their hindrance which would disturb the basic flow of road and surrounding environment. This is the same reason, the site is facing the problem of traffic congestion.
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RUDRAKSH PARK, MACHHAVAUDI Rudraksh Park is one of the landmarks attached to our site It is located at a 5 minute walk at the east of Bhanu Chowk between the edge of Desi Line and Sadan The park is made on slab its Khahare Khola its South settlement having 6 Numbers of houses park is divided into 6 each
carrying different activities: Pocket 1=Rudraksh Monument Pocket 2= Stalls and benches Pocket 3= Secondary entry and covered sitting Pocket 4=Green Space Pocket 5=Covered connecting walkway to outdoor gym Pocket 6=Outdoor gym and children play area ELEMENTS 1. Shaded sitting area 2. Public washroom 3. Children play area 4. Pathways 5. Monument 6. Water fountain 7. Outdoor Gym 8. Vegetation After its construction, it has created a social space for social interaction which will facilitate the neighborhood as well as people coming from other areas. It has created a playful environment for children and also acts as buffering zone in Central Business District It has acted as a prominent landmark for our site and is the only public space INFLUENCE ON OUR SITE
• Availability of secondary routes can be used to solve the traffic problems going on on the major road Threat
• The availability of the park has provided space for social interaction and recreation
Drainage from wards no 2,3 and 14 are discharged into Khahare Khola producing a bad smell in the park and nearby area Such condition makes the environment vulnerable to spreading a different kind of diseases Also, the noise and sound pollution make the environment less attractive to live in
ECONOMIC ASPECT
The majority of the people (50%) who reside in that area are dependent on the business for their livelihood. The other major source of income includes pension, government jobs, and labor. The presence of small scale industries can be influential for our site in a long run. The small scale industries lying in the proximities of our site are bread factories, silver metal factories, furniture industries, ice cream factories, and various other small home industries. The squatter people find their economical balance in life by selling vodka, roti, and household weapons which would generate a small amount of money. Also, as we know that our site is connected to Panmara with major road linkage. The exchange of agricultural goods will be beneficial.
• Poor policies in terms of land use plans have oriented development towards haphazard and unmanaged growth
Opportunity
• The land use plan of the area is oriented towards being a marketplace. So, a proper flow of people is available here most of the time.
• The present condition of the footpath is very poor. Footpaths are encroached by buildings and vendors pushing people to walk on the major road which subsequently increases the traffic problems.
• The encroachment of squatter settlement on adjacent land has created problems at the site
• Seasonal flash floods can bring problems during rainy seasons
SOCIO CULTURAL ASPECT
66% of people are of age group18 60,10% below 18 and 3% are over 60 years old. Multi ethnics people reside in our locality highest being the Newari community and 2nd are Muslims.
Weakness
• The site has a high potential for commercial development
SWOT ANALYSIS
Various factors responsible for social regeneration were also pointed out Park was identified as one of the elements for social regeneration Also, the establishment of religious schools has some influence on conserving the cultural identity of the place According to the data obtained from the ward office, the availability of child clubs in each of the streets can be seen
• The linkage of the road is evenly distributed containing all the kinds like connector road to local road which opens up to a different kind of space
ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECT
The swot analysis was carried out and the following results were obtained: Strength
• The electrical wires sag to the human height which in the long run could invite injuries or even death.
Vendors
In the existing site road, the width of the carriageway is 5m but the property line is attached to the road with no provision of the footpath . In IUDP, the standard size of the carriageway is 6m with the provision of a footpath of 2m after which the property line should start.
OF ROADSAND VENDORS
COMPARISION
IMPORTANCE OF URBAN REDEVELOPMENT: IMPORTANCE FOR THE COMMUNITY:
c. Promotes the introduction of new housing products and offers resources for reinvestment in established neighborhoods d. Eliminates hazards and conditions that undermine the integrity and safety of the community.
BENEFITS OF REDEVELOPMENT
LITERATURE REVIEW-REDEVELOPMENT
f. Provides upgraded and needed infrastructure for future growth g. Supports local historic preservation efforts.
d. Contains costs associated with the provision of government services by using existing infrastructure in a more fiscally responsible way. e. Encourages in fill rather than fringe development, resulting in more efficient use of land and lower municipal capital costs
f. More effectively leverages transit improvements, correspondingly lowering regional infrastructure costs g. Identifies capital improvements needed to stabilize existing areas and encourage reinvestment h. Makes development within municipalities more cost effective than sprawl development outside.
REDEVELOPMENT
The dictionary meaning of redevelopment is “re plan or redevelop (an area of the land or building) in a different way. ” Redevelopment is the reconstruction, re use or change in use of any developed property including, but not limited to any increase in the intensity of use of already developed land, such as an increase in the number of dwelling units in a structures or change to a commercial or industrial use from a less intensive use, enlargement of the structure, addition to useable interior floor area within residential, commercial and industrial buildings and conversion of seasonal use or dwelling to year round use. Here redevelopment means improvement of the site without destroying its authenticity and addressing various aspects and enhancing the important ones.
a. Creates new local jobs temporary and permanent and keeps earnings local b. Establishes an environment that fosters growth in new businesses.
e. Stems the decline of property values and correspondingly the revenues of the municipality and other taxing entities.
a) Brings existing properties and new development throughout the community to the highest and best use b) Improves the community’s image and its economic and social conditions.
IMPORTANCE FOR THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT: a. An increased tax revenues from new businesses, consumer purchases, and property taxes b. Keeps sales tax dollars local for use within the urban renewal area or community at large c. Only method of financing capital improvements that do not require an increase in taxes
NowadaysOBSOLESCENCErebuilding of commercial buildings become essential or at least an economic proposition, long before the structure itself is worn out Old shops become unsuitable for modern retailing methods. Old office buildings cannot be adapted for modern business methods. The components of the old town center become outgrown and out of date.
NEED OF REDEVELOPMENT
TYPES OF REDEVELOPMENTS
WhenCONSTRUCTIONabuilding is no longer in use or doesn’t add to the strength of the community’s real estate market, demolishing the existing building and constructing a new one can allow the community to adapt to a changing market
SomeCONSTRICTIONareasare usually the oldest part of the town These areas need room to grow but they can seldom do so without far reaching changes in the existing pattern
TheCONGESTIONmostobvious threat to the future confidence and prosperity of a town is traffic congestion Most of the area in a town has grown up around the junction of two or more main traffic main routes This means that all areas of traffic crowd into the central area With the vast increase in commercial road transport and private car ownership, the result is intolerable The area cannot survive unless it is rescued from these conditions and adapted to motor age
AREHABILITATIONcurrentbuilding can be renovated or improved upon in a manner that bolsters the property value and aligns the building with market trends. The process of returning components of the built environment to a state of utility through repair or alteration and the replacement of most existing infrastructure with new infrastructure. the new and appropriate areas of need
ToRELOCATIONrebuildin
addresses the "development" type of metropolitan development They are additionally preferred where there is a craving for a noticeable, huge scope "project", as huge packages of land are ordinarily more straightforward to merge. Great access and public travel are fundamental, as are local area offices, markets, and nearby monetary advancement openings, especially on the side of lower pay gatherings Land the board and make arrangements for Greenfield advancements should choose the most suitable grounds and stay away from the loss of useful agrarian or other esteemed normal legacy resources
ThereBROWNFIELDaretimes
GreenfieldGREENFIELDadvancement
InfillINFILLhousing refers to the act of adding properties to a site that currently contains a certain number of buildings, which improves the value of the community Infilling vacant or underutilized lands within the existing built up urban areas is an effective approach to maximizing the use of existing infrastructure (including transport), avoiding urban sprawl, reducing transportation needs, and allowing people to reside or remain near employment opportunities and existing social amenities. Infill development supports compact urban development and can improve accessibility. At the same time, infill development may encounter more complex land ownership and management issues depending on the situation and history of the land At the microeconomic level that of the individual project a small infill project may appear more expensive due to land costs, no benefits of scale, and perhaps the need for greater creativity and a higher level of project management However, at the macro economic level that of the city as a whole and the long term of a family's residency it may be far more affordable due to saved loss of agricultural land, lower daily transportation costs, savings on infrastructure, increased local market for commerce due to higher density, etc. when vacant land is available in areas where industrial yards once existed, which means that the soil may be contaminated Redevelopment projects can clean up the area before performing new construction which will automatically increase the market value of the site
JOINT DEVELOPMENT MODEL
Certain planned areas are designated to allow private developers to assemble parcels of land It provides for the licensing of private developers to purchase land directly from landowners and develop such lands for residential purposes according to the conditions, which include: • Reservation of 20% of the developed residential plots for EWS and LIG category and their allotment as per prices and norms. Sale of another 25% plots on a no profit no loss basis; and the Remaining 55% plots to be priced and sold directly by the developer. Initially, the model started with the plotted development, but over time it has shifted to apartments.
Process whereby a public authority assembles numerous small parcels of raw land without paying compensation to the owners
Aims to secure a limited availability of urban land for economically weaker sections
• Provide incentives to the landowner / private developer to participate in the provision of low income shelter by guaranteeing a fair return on investments (profit of 20 30%)
FIG 7: LR Process
LAND READJUSTMENT / POOLING
LAND POOLING AND RECONSTITUTION (LPR)
• Ensure provision of serviced plots for low income families at affordable prices (approximately 75% of total plots to be reserved for EWS / LIG); and
Part of the land is taken from each plot for the provision of infrastructure and public facilities and the rest returned to the original landowners
TOWN PLANNING SCHEMES (TPS) Provides collaborative means of the undertaking and financing of land development without the need for compulsory land acquisition, but with the involvement of landowners At the same time, it helps to provide serviced plots in orderly layouts to accommodate urban expansion The cost for the provision of infrastructure is recovered through contributions from landowners The entitlement of the landowners to the profits and benefits of the scheme The self financing, local authorities can secure lands free of cost for public purposes and housing Ownership dispute over a single land parcel could hold up the entire scheme
GUIDED URBAN DEVELOPMENT
In urban planning, transit oriented development is a type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business, and leisure space within a five to ten minute walk to the public transport • since fewer people need to drive, parking lots take up less space. • no traffic congestion as the streets are pedestrian friendly • a pollution free environment and creates a vibrant livable neighborhood • a high density mixed use development that solves the problem of urban sprawl. AN APPROACH TO OUR SITE TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES • Mixed use density, compact development • Pedestrian friendly street, walking and cycling and integrate public transportation • Creating activities along road frontages • Compact development with mixed use and high density • Creating high quality open space /public space • Preserving environmental and cultural landscapes FIG : TOD New urbanism is a human scale urban design that promotes walkable neighborhoods with mixed used development. NEW URBANISM NEW URBANISM PRINCIPLES • A hierarchy of narrow streets, boulevards, and alleys • A hierarchy of narrow streets, boulevards, and alleys • High quality pedestrian network and public realm make walking • Emphasis on beauty, aesthetics, human comfort, and creating a sense of place • Traditional neighborhood structure • Green transportation: greater use of bicycles, rollerblades, scooters, and walking as daily transportation FIG : NEW URBANISM TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT (TOD)
Literature review LAND POOLING 26
CONCEPTLANDPOOLINGOFLAND POOLING LAND
• the owner gets back about 12 30% smaller piece of land but with all necessary infrastructure including parks and open spaces
▪ size of returned plot ▪ • the minimum size of the parcel for planning will be kept at 125 sq m • ▪ 80 or 85 sq m parcels could consider a rare case • ▪ plot depth and frontage ratio of a parcel be 1 5 2 5 ▪ for the approval for land pooling there should be 51% approval from the owner of the lands of the area
▪ on and after the declaration of the intention to prepare the loads, no person shall carry out any development within the pads area without obtaining prior permission
GENERALLY, THE CONTRIBUTION OF LAND OF LAND POOLING IN NEPAL FOR DIFFERENT PROGRAMS IS ABOUT • 19% for road, • 5%open spaces, • 8 10% infrastructure development and • 4% administrative cost and in total about 35 40% of the land
• the individual landowner has to contribute 15 55% of the parcel depending upon the position of land and infrastructure available.
A method where land owned by individuals is pooled together by transfer of ownership rights to the appropriate planning authority for “land pooling area development scheme (leads) in which part of the developed land is re conveyed to owners and the remaining part retained for the provision of roads and common community facilities POOLING PROCESS
LAND POOLING GUILDELINES
LANDFORM AND ORIENTATION: Promote clear visibility in the reserve through the good topographic relationship between the reserve and the street network neighboring properties
•
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• Identify
OPEN
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OPEN: SPACE FEATURES LOCATION: Open space in a central, prominent location that relates strongly to surrounding catchment, land uses, and activities.
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•
: •
ENSURE
Open space is any open piece of land that is accessible to the public Open space can include Green space (land that is partly or completely covered with grass, trees, shrubs, or other vegetation) Green space includes parks, community gardens, and cemeteries
VEGETATION: Select trees and other vegetation types that are tolerant of urban and site conditions;
PUBLIC USE AND PARTICIPATION: all existing and potential user groups and their open space needs
ACCESS & CONNECTIVITY: Locate open space at the intersection of movement corridors and where a high level of use is anticipated, locate nearby public transport routes; Provide vehicular access & parking as needed but always give pedestrians, cyclists and public transport priority; SPACE reserves are highly visible from and have a good proportion of direct frontage to, the local street network and other public SIBILITY edges. Avoid solid fences or planting which limits visibility into the reserve and/or passive surveillance
•
OPEN SPACE SITE SELECTION: CENTRAL LOCATION/FOCAL POINT: Place public spaces in central and/or strategic locations to the community and/or neighborhood terminating a vista, on axis to a primary building, street, trail, and/or on a prominent corner ENCLOSURE:Ideally,public spaces in urban areas are best located surrounded on four sides by streets, street trees, and sidewalks with high intensity use and at least one public building facing the park MIXED USE: Provide complementary and mixed land uses surrounding the central public space to make it a destination. Concentrating the location of complementary land uses encourages walking, increases opportunities for human interaction, and encourages synergy and livability of the public realm MINIMIZE DEVELOPMENT IN GREENFIELDS: Locate projects within developed areas, if possible, where infrastructure already is in place PARK TYPES HIERARCHY: WITHIN THE SECTOR PLAN: • Social gathering spaces • Active recreation destinations • Contemplative places • An interconnected network of sidewalks, trails, parks and public spaces • Civic green, Plaza, Urban greenway, urban recreational park. FOR BUILDINGS AND RESIDENCES: • Private or communal outdoor spaces NEIGHBORHOODS: • Neighborhood parks or neighborhood greens WITHIN BLOCKS: • Pocket greens, or urban recreational Parklets
STREET GRAPHICS:
TRAVEL WAY: the part of the carriageway that is used for vehicle travel and does not include the area normally used for parking
•CARRIAGEWAY (or street pavement): the area of the street reserve that is provided for the movement or parking of vehicles measured from curb to opposite curb.
•STREET RESERVE: the land set aside for a street carriageway and verge incorporating the full width from property line to opposite property line ••
STREET:
DEFINITION OF STREET ELEMENTS Street Elements
In an urban context, the street design must meet the needs of people walking, driving, cycling, and taking transit, all in constrained space The best street design also adds to the value of businesses, offices, and schools located along the roadway
: FIG 23:
•VERGE: The part of the street reserve between the carriageway and the boundary of adjacent lots (or another limit to street reserve)
STREET FURNITURE
Street furniture is to be provided at all such locations having high public activity and pedestrian flow like commercial plazas public buildings, recreational areas, transit stations, parks and gardens, educational institutes, market areas, shopping malls, etc. Benches or seating should be provided at the building/ frontage edge of the footpath and ideally with the provision of shade Where seating is oriented parallel to the curb, it should face toward buildings when located in the furnishings zone, or away from buildings when located in the frontage zone. Street Furniture
FIG 24:
TYPE OF MARKET OR STREET VENDING AREA FIG 30: Street Venders
STREET designed to ensure that vehicular carriageway Pedestrian/cycle path
every 150m distance depending
FIG 27: Street Lighting FIG 26: Zebra Crossing
ZEBRA CROSSING: The distance between
should
are sufficiently illuminated LOCATION OF STREET LIGHTS GAP/SPACING HEIGHT ON CENTRAL MEDIANS 25 30 9 15 IN BETWEEN BRT LANE AND MV LANE 25 30 9 15 IN BETWEEN FOOTPATH AND MV LANE 25 30 9 15 IN BETWEEN FOOTPATH AND CYCLE TRACK 12 16 4.5 6 STREETLOCAL/NEIGHBOURHOOD 25 27 8 10
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•
LIGHTS: Lighting should be
STREET RAILINGS: BOLLARDS:
The type of market or street vending area, and the space requirements, also depend on its function within the city retailing hierarchy, the type of goods sold whether general or specialist and the times of operation. Each market or Street vending area has its characteristics Types of the market are as follows: Neighborhood market Selling day to day goods, such as vegetables, meat, or bread; Street market Serving passing trade, e g.: with cooked food, vegetables, etc Hub market At busy pedestrian locations, e g.: a transport node, religious place, or hospital;
both the
and
The height of the railing is a maximum of 1.1m. Railing on the footpath is generally avoided but may be considered in the vicinity of the junction to ensure that pedestrians can cross only at the designated crossing. Bollards are also used to demarcate and safeguard any space for pedestrians.
SAFETY ELEMENTS: the stop line and the edge of the zebra crossing be 2m Pedestrian crossings provided at
•
should be
RECOMMENDED MIN.
The road network which is created for vehicular & pedestrian access should not be encroached on or affected by the construction of buildings
• parking bays at the roadside need not be continuous they should be interrupted at max 22m to provide bulbous space.
PARKING LAYOUT: Parallel car parking is only recommended on streets where parking is permitted On street parking should be permissible only in designated spaces and in multi utility Zones Parking bays at the roadside need not be continuous They should be interrupted by Max 22 m to provide bulb out spaces Vending spaces should be placed in a bulb out in the parking bay leaving clear space for pedestrian movement
• to maintain a visual connection across the street and maintain the integrity of the street as a whole, trees should not have dense foliage below the eye level.
There should be the provision of a road network for every incoming or outgoing vehicular as well as for pedestrian unit to be linked with plot or land
If a cul de sac is needed then the length should be a minimum of 60 m similarly, the minimum area needed for a cul de sac is 50 SQ M for the construction of office or special buildings then the minimum width of the road should be 6 25 m
DIMENSIONS: Car park = 2 5m x 5m Wheeler parking = 1m x2m Cycle parking = 1m x 2m
• parallel car parking is recommended on the streets where parking is permitted inclined and perpendicular on street car parking should be avoided.
• street trees should be regularly and closely spaced, ideally not more widely spaced than 15 20m.
PLANTATION
STANDARDS FOR ROAD ACCESS:
The road network leading from the arterial which is linked to the construction site should have the following width: Having no drainage 4.25 m Having drainage 6.25 m
DIAMETER OF THE TRUNK MINIMUM SIZE OF TREE GRATE (M)
UPTO 0.15M 0.6 * 0.6 UPTO 0.3M 0.75 * 0.75 UPTO 0.9M 1.5 * 1.5 UPTO 1.2M 2 * 2
Literature review site & services The water demand in Nepal is 135 lpcd. • Gravity flow system • Pressure flow system • Dual system LOCATION OF SUPPLY MAINS: • Under the sidewalk • In the planting strip. • Under the street DISTANCE & CLEARANCE: • Minimum 3 2m from the nearest sewer or gas main • Septic tank to the water tank: 15.2m • Sewer and drainage field to the water tank: 30 5m SANITARY: • Gravity system only • Construct backward from disposal unit to septic tank unit Loop system Branch system Radial system Ring system Grid iron system TYPE SIZE (MM) SOIL PIPE 100 WASTE PIPE (HOR) 30 50 WASTE PIPE (VER) 75 VENT PIPE 50 RAIN WATER PIPE 75 A stormwater drainage system is a mechanism that prevents waterlogging and erosion. Streets without a stormwater drainage system result in major longitudinal stormwater flows which may erode the street surface Pavers fit together like tiles and are set with small gaps between them, creating grooves for water to infiltrate the soil beneath PERMEABLE PAVING BRICKS BIO SWALES Water is retained and gets infiltrated in the bio swales reducing the storm water runoff volumes and peak flows STORMWATER FLOW Catch pits & flowMaterialsDESCRIPTION OF AREA RUNOFF COEFF. SANDY SOIL,FLAT 0 10 SANDY SOIL,AVERAGE 0 15 SANDY SOIL,STEEP 0 20 CLAY SOIL,FLAT 0 17 CLAY SOIL,STEEP 0 35 DOWNTOWN AREAS 0 95 NEIGHBORHOOD AREAS 0 70 SINGLE FAMILY AREAS 0.50 SUBURBAN 0 40 APARTMENT DWELLING 0 70 DRIVES, WALKS, AND ROOFS 0 95 WATER SUPPLY LAYOUT IN STREETS WATER SUPPLY STROM WATER DRAINAGE 32
S.N. TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURRE NORMS STANDARDS 1. ROAD COLLECTOR STREET ROW SETBACK FOOTPATH LOCAL STREET 20 1 2 10 1 2 2. WATER SUPPLY PUBLIC STAND POST QTY: 25 70 LPCD WITH AVG.45 LPCD ACCESSIBLE WITHIN 100 METERS 3. SANITATION/SEWERAGE ON SITE SANITATION WITH SEPTIC TANKPROVISION OF PUBLIC TOILETS WATER SEAT TOILET 1 PUBLIC TOILET/BATHOUSE FOR 1 MARKET CENTER 4. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT COLLECTION CENTER WITH BIO GAS PLANT, COMPOST PLANT AT HOUSSEHOLD LEVEL COMMUNAL COLLECTION MAX DISTANCE TO DISPOSAL POINT<500M FROM THE MARKET CENTER 5. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION PRIMARY/BASIC LEVEL 1/3000 POPULATION AT A DISTANCE OF 0.4 0.8 KM (0.2 HA/SITE ) 6. HEALTH INSTITUTION SUB HEALTH POST 1/1000 POPULATION 7. OPEN SPACE PARKS 2.5% OF THE TOTAL AREA NEIGHBORHOOD PARK 1/800 POPULATION 08. PARKING SPACE PUBLIC PARKING SPACE FOR TWO/THREE/FOUR WHEELER 1 PARKING LOT/1 MARKET CENTER 09. SECURITY POLICE POST 0.1 HA SITE/ MARKET CENTER 10. HAAT BAZAR TWICE A WEEK VEGETABLE MARKET/ MEAT MARKET WITH COLD STORAGE 0.2 HECTARE PER SITE 11. PARKING SPACE PUBLIC PARKING SPACE FOR TWO/ THREE/FOUR WHEELER 1 PARKING LOT/ 1 MARKET CENTER 12. PARKING SPACE PUBLIC PARKING SPACE FOR TWO/ THREE/FOUR WHEELER 1 PARKING LOT/ 1 MARKET CENTER LESS THAN 250 SQ.M 70% GREATER THAN 250 SQ.M 60% 80 SQ.M 90% GOVERMENTAL BUILDINGS 50% • • RESIDENTAL BUILDINHG = 3.25 3.75 • • RESIDENTAL AS WELL AS COMMERCIAL = 4.0 5.0 • • ORGANIZATIONAL BUILDING = 4.0 • • HOTEL / COMMERCIAL BUILDING = 5.0 • COMMERICAL BUILDING SET BACK 7 FEET • RESIDENTIAL BUILDING SET BACK 5 FEET IF SHUTTER 7 FEET RIGHT OF WAY: • FOR NEWLY CONSTRUCTED ROAD MINIMUM 3m FROM THE CENTRE OF THE ROAD. • FOR CRITICAL GEOGRAPHICAL AREA MINIMUM 2m FROM THE CENTRE OF THE ROAD. • FOR TURNING RADIUS MINIMUM 3.5m SETBACK GROUND COVERAGE FOR RESIDENTIAL MIX USED FLOOR AREA RATIO INFRASTRUCTURE STRUCTURE AND NORMS BY LAWS 33
SITE INFORMATION SITE OBSERVATION USER PROFILE VECHULAR ANALYSIS AS A MULTI FINCTION SPACE PARKING ANALYSIS CASE STUDY 1 : MANEK CHOWK 34
LOCATION: AHMEDABAD, INDIA AREA: 956 POPULATIONSQ.M.:635 MIL€LION LANDMARKS: JAMA MASJID, MANEK BABA TEMPLE, RAJA N0 HAJIRO, RANI NO HAJARO MANEK CHOWK IS THE SPACE BETWEEN THE KING AND QUEEN’S TOMBS IN THE SOUTH
The land use in the Manek chowk precinct is a mix of commercial and religious Residential use is limited and the commercial area lies to the west of the residential area The presence of informal vending transforms the space at night COWS AND BUFFALOS WANDER IN THIS AREA THE AREA IS CLEANED EARLY IN THE MORNING AROUND 6:00 AM INFORMAL VENDORS LINE UP SELLING EVERYDAY ITEMS SUCH AS PLASTIC ACCESSORIES, CLOTHES, THEY FUNCTION FROM 11 AM TO 6 PM IN THE EVENING, PARKING REDUCES AS THE SHOPKEEPERS HEAD BACK TO THEIR RESIDENCES AND THIS SPACE IS THEN TAKEN OVER BY FOOD VENDORS The night market runs from 9:00 pm to 3 am with various food stalls. The users are from the city area 100,000 people frequent the Manek chowk precinct every day while the central space of Manek chowk is visited by 30,000 pedestrians.
VENDORS FLOOR TYPOLOGY MOVABLE TYPOLOGY IMMOVABLE TYPOLOGY FIG: ANALYSIS OF VENDING ACTIVITIES Manek Chowk and its pricing consist of 10% floor typology, 52% immovable typology, and 38% movable typology FIG: GANDI STREET DIVISION RIGHT OF WAY FIG :RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHOPS AND VENDORS FIG: CENTRAL SPACE OF MANEK CHOWK FIG: GANDI STREET DIVISION OF FOOTPATH FIG :MANEK CHOWK SOUTHERN STREET Commercial activity in Manek chowk thrives not only because of its formal retail sector but also due to the presence of informal vending. SITE OBSERVATION DATA EXISTING TRAFFIC ROUTE EXISTING STREET CONDITION EXISTING TRAFFIC MOVEMENT CASE STUDY 1 : MANEK CHOWK 35
PARKING • Occupies 25% of the precinct area • Haphazard parking serves as an obstruction for pedestrians • Traffic jams created at various junctions and illegal two way streets • Jaywalking increases conflict areas between vehicles and pedestrians TRAFFIC MOVEMENT FOCUS ON THE HUMAN DIMENSION • No continuous pedestrian walkways • No provision of shaded spaces, seating areas, amenities such as toilets & drinking water VENDORS The haphazard organization of informal vendors creates chaos when pedestrian, vehicles, and vendors use the same right of way • The presence of heritage elements cannot be felt • The condition of heritage structures is deteriorating • Transportation management in the area and thereby reduce vehicular dominance in the public space. • Improve pedestrian oriented infrastructure in the area. • Preserve and enhance the heritage character of the public space The project aims to reclaim pedestrian space by reorganizing the space taken up by parking and vehicles, thereby enriching its character RETAIN LIVELIHOOD, HERITAGE AND COMMERICAL IMPORTANCE Strengthening the livelihoods and retaining heritage and commercial character through the Providingproject parking options, re routing vehicular bays, and temporal parking areas would form a key part of this project. IMPLEMENTING TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT CULTURAL HERITAGE TRAFFIC MOVEMENT • Vehicles will be allowed on both streets periodically and alternatingly For instance, if Gandhi street is vehicular in the morning, the southern street will be pedestrianized during the first half of the day This design shall be managed digitally through retractable bollards, traffic signals, tabletops, etc • Development of paved pedestrian areas as clear public spaces & segregated walkways • Pedestrianizing central space of Manek chowk CASE STUDY MANEK CHOWK OPEN SPACE ISSUE STRATEGICPROJECT APPROACH FOCOUS APPROACH CASE STUDY 1 : MANEK CHOWK 36
• •
HERITAGE CHARACTER
•
• Designated
Clearing space around monuments & paved walkways. Special lighting of monuments Urban design guidelines for improvement of heritage façades and signage
AS MULTI USE PUBLIC SPACE. street parking is completely discouraged Few parking lots have been retained for service vehicles. Plots around the precinct have been identified to accommodate off street parking foreground space is currently occupied by parking these amenities could be relocated and the front space could be repurposed as a public space
FIG OFF STREET PARKING AROUND THE PRECINT PUBLIC SPACE Clearing space around monuments & paved walkways Special lighting of monuments. Urban design Guidelines For improvement of heritage façade and signage Gandhi road, central space of Manek chowk & south street of Manek chowk closed for traffic continuous pedestrian realm connecting Manek chowk, monuments, Gandhi road, and ratan pol No on street parking accommodated existing vendors are re accommodated in various groupings of themes & design Refined finishing, elaborate articulation of public zones & vending without interruption central space of Manek chowk closed for traffic AS A PUBLIC SPACE
• All
STUDY MANEK CHOWK STRATEGIC CASE STUDY 1 : MANEK CHOWK 37
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PARKING The
FURUWA JUNCTION
On
STOKE EXCHANGE BUILDING Due to the unorganized nature of vendors space between vendors, parking, footpath, and carriageway are highly under utilized. The images below compare the existing situation and, means of reducing residual spaces by better organization and grouping of vending activities paved areas for hawkers/ street vendors
The
STREET
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PLOTCINEMA VENDORS •
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CASE STUDY MANEK CHOWK PROPOSED STREET MANEK CHOCK NORTHERN STREET • Design of public space can be done as a multi function space in terms of site function and character • Solving traffic congestion by introducing pedestrian pathways promoting walkability and allowing vehicles periodically • Solving the parking problem by discouraging on street parking and introducing parking on vacant plots near the site proximities FINAL PROPOSAL PROPOSED STREET INFERENCES CASE STUDY 1 : MANEK CHOWK 38
• No provision of footpath on other roads besides the main road proves to be inconvenient to pedestrians
LANDPOOLING BEFORE AND AFTER OBSERVATION
• the open spaces are provided under high tension lines, which makes them unsafe
• Tendency of holding vacant land for future land speculation
• Haphazard intersections provided at right angles make it prone to accidents as well as make driving difficult
39 Location: Kathmandu, ward 26, opposite Nepal investment bank East:samakhushi tokha road Project period: 2044 2058 bs Area: 282 ropani , 14 33 ha, 143463 85sqm No of landowners: 376 Executing agency: KVTDC, Kathmandu The Gongabu land pooling project is the first project implemented in Kathmandu valley It is an example of the effective implementation of bylaws for the planned residential subzones.
• Unaffordable housing and high rental value, out of reach to poor.
CASE STUDY 2: GONGABU LAND POOLING INTRODUCTIONLOCATION SITE VICINITY
• Lack of parking spaces: motorbikes parked in the side paths along the roads lead to more hassle.
SSPACEOPEN MARGASTREETSHARDRESIDENTALROADPRIMARY SAMAKUSHI RANIBAN ROAD ROADSECONDARY Residential plot :95417 sqm Street :24030 19 sqm Open spaces : 7029.72 sqm Service plot : 8493 05 sq m Several plots of varying sizes have Developedbeen as public open spaces. This turns out to be 4 9% of the total developed area, which is almost twice the actual requirement2also, There are two community buildings within the neighborhood with a total floor space Approximatelyof 375 m2 • Primary roads: 10m • SECONDARY STREET: 8m • RESIDENTIAL SHARED STREET: 6m • Roads meeting on a certain node • 3m turning radius • Planned road network no dead end • Footpath on both sides Fire safety: provision deep tank under Drainageconstruction:public drain Water: deep wells and water tank Waste disposal: municipality truck on each 2nd day 406, among them 346 plots to be redistributed 45 plots for sale as service plots 13 plots for open spaces and public spaces 66.51 % 16.75% 4.92% RESIDENTAL PLOT STREETS OPENSPACE SERVICE PLOT 5 NO OF PLOTS DEVELOPED ROADS AND STREETS SERVICES LAND POOLING AREA PUBLIC OPEN SPACES CASE STUDY 2: GONGABU LAND POOLING 40
AS MULTI Location: North Carolina, united states Area: 13 10 sq M Population: 24,866 Landmarks: lake Norman, Jetton Park, antiquity greenway, Caldwell station Cornelius town center is a rail stop in charlotte and mecklenburg county LANDUSE The land use in the town center is main retail stores organized around a parking piazza within the block; smaller shops and apartments lining the streets, and a new town hall on the main corner opposite the future train station Rows of live work units around center grocery Grocery store which serves east half of the community, to Employmentprovide Town hall to revive civic heart of community Development of residential population CASE STUDY TOWN CENTER, CAROLINA FIG: LOCATION MAP OF CORNELIUS 600 MILES EAST OF MISSISSIPPI RIVER ONE WAY TWO WAY CASE STUDY 3: TOWN CENTER COROLINA AsINTRODUCTIONacommercialand residential VECHULAR ANALYSIS EXIXTING TRAFFIC MOVEMENT SITEEXISTINGOBSERVATIONTRAFFIC ROUTE 41
GROCERY STORE • Area:3o66 Sq.M. • Ancillary retail:929 Sq M • Area:2508 Sq M • Located at the junction of two roads • Symmetrical, formal arrangement to be paired with the police station NEW TOWN HALL • Enhanced vertical scale, massive neo classical symmetry • Civic presence LIVE WORK UNITS • Two terraces of three story live work units • Every building has its own separate use, stands apart in its own space • Area:1672 sq.M • Demonstrate good urban design sensitivity to the street • Architecture style: brick and stone neo classism(retro) • Relocation of the textile mill from the town center • Heavy truck restricted zone • Foundation to develop it as a thriving town center based on a commuter train • Transit oriented development: design of the site to link with the future train station POLICE STATION TRAFFIC MOVEMENT • Heavy trucks restricted • Redesigned to allow angled parking • Parking in front of the grocery store • Pedestrian friendly urban frame throughout the suburb CASE STUDY TOWN CENTER ,CORNELIUS ONE WAY TWO WAY • Footprint of the building’s plan deeper to accommodate ground floor business uses STREET TYPOLOGY FIGURE:SIDE WALKS AS THE RIGHT OF WAY FIGURE:STREET CURB AS THE RIGHT OF WAY MASTER PLAN CASE STUDY 3: TOWN CENTER COROLINA 42
AS MULTI USE PUBLIC SPACE. • On street parking is • Parking lot in front of shops and grocery stores as a communal parking • Provided parking where it was necessary • Discouraged PARKINGNEIGHBOURHOOD AERIAL VIEW CIVIC CHARACTER FIG :COMPREHENSIVE PLAN IN REFERENCE TO TOWN CENTER • Located at the intersection of two main thoroughfares and a future rail transportation line • Combines retail businesses, office space, single and multi family residential units, green space, and civic/municipal uses SELF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY,INVIGORATION TO PUBLIC LIFE FIG :PLAN OF TOWN HALL FIGURE:PLAN OF BUILDING 23’ FLOORSECONDROOFGABLE FIRST FLOORGROUNDFLOOR FLOORGROUNDFLOORFIRSTROOFGABLE TYPOLOGY LIVE WORK UNIT • To be an active center, the site has to become the focus of something larger than itself connected to high density transit opportunities • One block relates to the blocks around it, then to the whole neighborhood, and then to the whole town, and in this instance to a collaborative regional vision with adjacent municipalities • Structures use the past as something to copy as a restrictive model, rather than something to interpret afresh, as a typology • To be an active center, the site has to become the focus of something larger than itself connected to high density transit opportunities • Entrepreneurial vision of a new town center has been implemented in a series of buildings. CASE STUDY 2: TOWN CENTER COROLINA INFERENCES 43
OBSOLENCEBUILT INADEQUATE SERVICES
SHOPS COMMERCIALAND USES RESIDENTIAL USES CASE STUDY KWUN TONG TOWN HISTORY CASE STUDY 4 : KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE
Kwun tong district has been gradually growing old yet still Yue man square remains the busiest area in the district. Back lane hawker stalls & temporary structures have hygiene and safety problems. Present
LACK OF GREEN AREAS LIMITED COMMUNAL FACILITIES
UNSATISFACTORY
TOWN CENTRE
Divided into two distinct worlds , On one side there is a fast paced modern society which is the result of the revitalization of the original industrial area that has been gradually converted into office buildings as well as edgy shopping malls On the other side, the buildings land marked by the “ Yue man square” are crumbling away, small businesses are operating in shacks and old fashioned theatres lie abandoned, buried, and forgotten in time
It is one of the largest redevelopment projects in Hongkong occupying a site area of 57,000 square meters, undertaken by the urban renewal authority The project affected about 1,653 property interests and about 5000 people The URA commenced the statutory town planning approval process for the project as early as March 2007.
SSSIUE
1960: EXISTING KWUN TOWN CENTRE WAS COSTLY MAINTAINANCE LIVING SECURITY AND SAFETY CONCERNS
2012: REDEVELOPMENT OF KWUN TONG
44
CONDITION WORRYING
KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE RENEWAL
The British colonial government decided to develop Kwun tong into an industrial satellite town. Yue man square is the center of the community.50S Streets lined up with restaurants, theatres, department stores selling Chinese products, clothing stores, shoe shops, and theatres. 70S Entrepreneurs started to move their factories up north into the mainland and local industries started to diminish. 80S
CASE CONTEXT FOR LAND ACQUISITION
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CASE STUDY 4 : KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE 45
Land acquisition is the power of the union or a state government to acquire private land for industrialization, development of infrastructural facilities, or urbanization of the private land, and to compensate the affected landowners for their rehabilitation and resettlement.
• The main task is done on the vacant & old tenement properties more than 7 years old. Owner occupiers were offered an acquisition price of existing land use value with a home purchase allowance. Non owner occupiers were provided with an acquisition price of market value with a certain % of hpa Owner occupied nondomestic properties are provided with 35% of their market value Non owner occupied nondomestic properties are provided with 10% of their market value
INTRODUCTION
MENTAL CLINIC •
DEVELOPMENTCOMMERCIAL LEISURE
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DEVELOPMENTRESIDENTIAL RECREATIONALANDAMENITIES GOVERNMENT OFFICES Rehabilitation of old market bazaar, silver theatre building, shops & stalls in you man square Regenerating the square to its full potential in economic, social, and environmental aspects. Kwun tong district advisory committee was formed during the second phase Function was to advise to reflect the aspirations and concerns of the community and the relevant suggestion.
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CASE STUDY KWUN TONG TOWN
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PUBLICINTERCHANGETRANSPORT
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SIZING COMMUNITY ASPIRATIONS DEVELOPINGPARAMETERSPLANNING ROAD SHOW The research team conducted focus group meetings and interviews Survey conducted with a stratified sample of 930 residents living there and the adjacent areas within Kwun tong Three models of alternative design concepts were exhibited in four different locations Extensive consultation with different groups organizing a participatory community design with roadshows that attracted some 85,400 visitors
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Diversified build form and architecture for community, commercial and residential
Total GFA: 401,250 square meters flats: 2,000 space: 209,640 square meters open space: 8,700 square meters uses: 16,700 square meters
Residential
Landmarks in the form of an oval shaped multipurpose civic center, an iconic commercial tower, and a cone shaped glass atrium for the public transport interchange;
Placing the commercial complex along Kwun tong road as a noise barrier for blocksresidentialin the north
purposesEnlarging the Yue man square rest garden by four times and preserving the old trees
CONNECTIVITY
• A terraced garden design with abundant water features • Green coverage of almost 30 percent of this site areaAn all weather integrated public transport interchange that enables the entire site to become car free in the open areas.
BUILDINGS
A SOPHISTICATED NETWORK OF FOOTBRIDGES AND TUNNELS TO ENHANCE BETWEEN THE SITE AND SURROUNDING
Commercial
• APPROPRIATE BUILDING HEIGHT TO FREE UP MORE PUBLIC SPACE ON THE GROUND
A reasonable plot ratio commensurate with the town center for the 600,000 population of Kwun tong.
PRIORITY TOO BE GIVEN TO THE REPROVISIONING OF GOVERNMENT
CASE STUDY 4 : KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE 46
Public
Using a building setback design to widen the roads and paths,pedestrian and offer better views for all the thesurroundingbuildingssite
SITE INFORMATION Area: 53,300 square meters Existing GFA: 93,234 square meters Affected building block: 24 Affected population: 4,763 Affected property interests: 1,657 Affected shops and hawker stalls: 523 REDEVELOPMENT INFORMATION
Other
KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE RENEWAL 47 CASE STUDY 4: KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE
Redeveloping dilapidated buildings into new buildings with modern standards and environmentally friendly designs can improve urban greening.
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The activities in the newly redeveloped area can provide vibrancy in Kwon town. It also provides entertainment to both the locals and tourists to improve the development of Hong Kong. A high concentration of shopping malls can offer daily necessities to them too Therefore, a self contained and balanced community in Kwun tong is developed
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INFERENCES changing the land use plan to cater to the present use of the scenario Process involved in the redevelopment of the old town solve problems of parking, marketing facilities, and other commercial usage
EFFECT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECT CASE STUDY – KWUN TONG TOWN INDUSTRIALZONE COMMERCIAL ZONE JOB OPPORTUNITIES TOURISM ACTIVITIES ALL
CASE STUDY 4 : KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE
• To
DIVERSIFIED ACTIVITIES: OLD MARKET OLDSHOPSTHEATREBAZAAR&STALLSRESIDENTIALBUILDING
SOCIAL SERVICES COMBINED INTO A SINGLE BLOCK.
KWUN TONG TOWN CENTRE RENEWAL 48 ECONOMIC EFFECT • Adds 0 11% to the gross domestic product each year and 1.32% by the year project is completed. • Will add 17,314 new job vacancies after completion which is five times of present scenario which is due to the additional provision of floor area in a shopping mall, street shops, and hotel and office complex in the new development
LOCATION AMHEDABAD, INDIA CORNELIUS,NORTH CAROLINA HONGKONG TYPE OF RECONSTRUCTION RE CONSTRUCTION OF STREET MARKET INFILL DEVELOPMENT AND RE DEVELOPMENT OF TOWN CENTER (SOCIAL REGENERATION0) URBAN DISTRICT REDEVELOPMENT SITE AREA 956 SQ.M 40,468 SQ.M 53,300 SQ.M. PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT THROUGH PLAZA, BRIDGE AND TUNNEL SPACE. VEHICULAR MOVEMENT NO OPEN SPACE AREA MOVEMENT PROVIDED BUT 3 PATHWAY LEADING TO 3 LEVEL UNDERGROUND PARKING. MANEK CHOWK CORNELIUS, NC KWUN TONG TOWN, HONGKONG ONE TWOWAYWAY COMPARISION SHEET
SPACEOPENZONINGUTILIZATIONSPACES PROJECT IS DONE ON OPEN SPACE. STRUCTURE RCC RCC MANEK CHOWK CORNELUIS, NC KWUN TONG TOWN, HONGKONG COMMERCIAL SPACE OTHER OPEN SPACE RETAIL BUILDINGS PARKING/OPEN SPACE CIVIC BUILDINGS LIVE WORK UNITS RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS COMPARISION SHEET
After the development of the strategies, the conceptual work was carried out by taking out the existing amenities of the site. In the first stage, the stretch of the Sadan road was taken and the commercial activities were proposed to be made more vibrant like the previous one but with well managed spaces. The functions such as commercial complex as well as social housing which comprises of commercial space as well as rental housing spaces were focused on the Sadan road which is the prominent road of our site.
After that, a market square that focuses on all the streets and activities of our site was focused along with public buildings & mixed used housing were focused and the square became the potential urban open space of our site Similarly, residential zone, as well as apartment buildings, were focused on along with the shared community space which is focused on the yellow part of the conceptual map.
DESIGN PHASE 51
DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
The concept of this redevelopment is to regain the lost space in the transition of urbanization spaces for public activities, social integration, economic facilities, and learning. urban form and program formulation are generated based on present scenario needs. New adaptation concerning current scenario with provided services and facilities which helps in the regeneration of that particular area. social interaction generates spaces to bind people and exchange their values which can be through the different types of urban open spaces, green spaces, etc which helps in creating a socialTouchhub to nature provides greeneries and an open environment to connect people for sound health and relaxation which also focuses on a healthy environment as well as balancing Marketmicroclimate.regeneration or resurrection of historical economic center on a partial basis
STRATEGIES
To develop an urban market square that provides commercial expansion. Expansion of commercial facades to support the existing primary source of income.
CONCEPTUALIZATION
Public building binding functions between the market square and park as well as provide a place to learn and communicate knowledge Shared streets as a part of the residential zone that connects to an urban square Also, community parks for interaction and recreation.
The residential spaces are more dominant inside the site as the apartment and mixed use housing, commercial &open spaces & market square create balanced activities inside the site
STRUCTURE PLAN & PROGRAMS 52 STREET WITH PEDESTRIAN MOVEMENT COMMERCIAL BLOCK MIXED USE BUILDING GREENPUBLICMARKETAPARTMENTSQUAREBUILDINGANDOPEN AREA ROAD WITH VEHICULAR ACCESS SITE COMMUNITYNODESBOUNDARYPARK ALLOCATEDFUNCTION EXISTING AREA NEW AREA COMMERCIAL 7604 SQ.M 7290 SQ.M RESIDENTIAL 8,548 SQ.M 19,715 SQ.M OPEN SPACE 8700 SQ.M 9,517 SQ.M EXISTING GFA 24852 SQ.M 36,522 SQ.M OPEN SPACES DISTRIBUTION SPACES DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM FORMULATIONSTRUCTURE PLAN
OPEN SPACES
Open spaces in the site are 54% which is more than the existing data as different types of social hubs are included inside the site.
Last, a market square is established for street activities as well as for different functional programs and the spaces around it comprise Public buildings, Mixed used buildings, commercial complexes as well a café
After the completion of the conceptualization phase of our project, then begin the mapping of the structure on our site. The conceptualization was finalized by creating a huge market space in between the site where all the amenities were focused in it which can be the economic hub for the people living in such that first of all the road networks were developed in the structure plan where Sadan road, Bhanu Marga & Shanti Path was proposed to be extended for vehicular access Similarly, the entrance towards the site is made according to the users where the vehicular portion is limited up to the community park as well as the on the southwest part of the site where the existing road is breakdown up to the middle part of the site only Similarly, the other street is developed for pedestrian movement inside the site which doesn’t create congestion inside the site.
PUBLIC BUILDING MARKET SQUARE OPEN SPACES BUILDING COVERAGE
After the creation of the access and circulation throughout the site then the Sadan road which was used as a commercial stretch was again proposed with the commercial activities but with more functional approaches such as with the addition of a commercial complex on the node of the site similarly the blue color, buildings comprise of two social housing where commercial, as well as rental spaces for housing, are allocated
The residential zones are focused on the mid part which is shown by the yellow color which connects the Bhanu marga where the school is located on another side which can be a buffer too The residential spaces are connected by the shared street where the community park, as well as parking, is located.
The Shanti path where low density mix used activities are focused are made more functional as well they are used as commercial spaces on the ground floor and residential spaces on the above floors. Similarly, the apartment building was also proposed for accommodating more families in it which creates more openness on the site
COMMERCIALRESIDENCE
The open space distribution map shown in the figure shows the green spaces throughout the site which balances the relationship between the buildings and the ratio of the open space as well as creates a break out space in different portions of our site
This road section has footpaths on both parts of the road along with a drainage channel on both sides & consists of a two lane road for vehicular access. This road section has a footpath on the left part of the road along with a drainage channel & consists of a two lane road for vehicular access.Thisroad is 26 m width & section focuses the footbath lane on both sides with a cycle lane on the right side, similarly street parking on both sides along with 3.5m width two two lane roads as well as tempo lane on two sides.
The map shows the mass void distribution of the site The new building fabrics of the site are denoted with the black color on the map where the surrounding buildings are faded down
The space between the buildings and green spaces can help in the Insidemicroclimatethesite,there are many open spaces such as Market square, a shared street with a community park for residential spaces green spaces for the apartment buildings, also a void breakdown in social housing, and a shared street between high density mix used housing which helps in creating vibrant open & green spaces throughout the site.
This map shows the public and private space distribution of our site where the public space are allocated with the functions like Public buildings, mixed used buildings, Restaurants, Commercial complexes, Social Housing, etc These activities are on the extend of Sadan road, Shanti path as well as on the part of Bhanu smriti Marga too and is denoted by the yellow color on the map Similarly, the private space on our site is a residential zone that is around the south part of the Bhanu smriti Marga The zone is denoted by the red color on the map. Similarly, it is isolated from the road by the buffer and landscapes and concrete walls Similarly, it comprises single unit housing blocks with 3 typologies and is connected by the residential shared street.
The figure ground plan organizes the primary urban landscape components plots, streets, constructed spaces, and open spaces into a diagram of solid and void; the proportions, of which, can be manipulated to create different urban Thismorphologiesmapshows us the total open spaces along with circulation as well as cut out spaces in our site besides the building footprint
OPEN SPACE DISTRUBUTION
BHANU SMIRTI MARGA SADAN SHANTIROADPATH
PRIVATE & PUBLIC SPACE DISTRIBUTION
MASS VOID DISTRIBUTION
53 ROAD SECTIONS
This side of elevation shows us the skyline of public buildings on the left part as well as mixed used housing on the right side of the stretch.
ELEVATIONS 54
EAST SOUTHWESTNORTHELEVATIONELEVATIONELEVATIONELEVATION
side of elevation focuses on the commercial buildings of the Sadan road where facades of two social housing can be seen on the left side and commercial as well as skylines of public buildings can be seen through it.
This side of elevation focuses on the low density mixed used zone where facades of mixed used buildings with commercial spaces on the ground floor can be seen with the breaks of shared streets in between.
This side of elevation focuses on the residential zone where the apartment building is more dominant & residential roofs can be seen through it.This
AXONOMETRIC OF PROPOSED
ELEVATIONS
DESIGN
VIEW
VIEW OF SHANTI PATH FROM SOUTH SIDE COMMERCIAL COMPLEX AND MARKET SQUARE IN SIGHT STREET LEADING TO MARKET SQUARE FROM SOUTHERN PART PATH LEADING TO MARKET SQUARE FROM APARTMENT COMPLEX RESIDENTIAL AREA FROM BHANU SMRITI MARG SHARED STREET LEADING TO MARKET SQUARE WAY TO RESIDENTIAL AREA FROM MARKET SQUARE BETWEEN MIXED USE BUILLDING AND PUBLIC BUIILDING TO MARKET SQUARE APARTMENT AND RESIDENTIAL HOUSE IN SIGHT
BUILDING TYPOLOGY: RESEDENTIAL HOUSING TYPE 1 FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP PlinthDescriptionarea 235 m² Built up area 79m² No. of floors 2 and half No of buildings 11 Amenities1Parking5Bedrooms3Kitchendining3Washrooms3Livingarea 2Terrace This building is designed to accommodate two families where one will be the owner and another family can use the building as a rented The terrace connects the user of the building to the environment
BUILDING TYPOLOGY: RESIDENTIAL HOUSING TYPE 1 PLANX X FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:RESEDENTIAL HOUSING TYPE 1 ELEVATION AND SECTION ELEVATION ELEVATION SECTIONELEVATIONATX-XELEVATION
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:RESEDENTIAL HOUSING TYPE 2 FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP PlinthDescriptionarea 230 m² No of floors 2 and half No. of buildings 7 Amenities1Parking5Bedrooms3Kitchendining3Washrooms3Livingarea2Terrace A similar concept is given to this typology where one family owns the building whereas another family will be able to rent. The terraces are given to enjoy the views of the local neighborhood
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:RESEDENTIAL HOUSING TYPE 2 GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN ELEVATION ELEVATION SECTION AT X X X X
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:SOCIAL HOUSING FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP Description • Plinth area 2880 m2 • Built up area 720m2 • No of floors 4 • Building use commercial and residential • No. of buildings 2 This building is designed to accommodate the shifted residents who will be living rent wise and the ground floor is provided with a commercial façade on all sides of the building to support the core concept that will provide the commercial expansion on the site. The remaining 3 floors are used as residential units.
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:SOCIAL HOUSING PLAN XX XX
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:SOCIAL HOUSING PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN XX XX
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:SOCIAL HOUSING ELEVATION SECTION AT X X NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:PUBLIC BUILDING FIGURE: AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP Plinth area 2275 m2 Built up area 455 m2 No of floors 5 Building use For public learning, entertainment and commerce activities This building is designed to facilitate the public from the site as well as the users from outside. programs like libraries, institutions, offices, and art galleries are provided to facilitate the users Dharan has been well known for producing artists which would be one of the perfect places to showcase their talent. The ground floor is well provided with a café and bookstores the public building acts as the connecting piece between Machhavaudi park and market square binding the users within
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:PUBLIC BUILDING PLAN X X X X GROUND FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:PUBLIC BUILDING PLAN,ELEVATION AND SECTION NORTH ELEVATION EAST FELEVATIONWEST FELEVATIONSECTION AT X X X X FOURTH FLOOR PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:APARTMENT CUM COMMERCIAL BUILDING FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP Plinth area 7770m2 Built up area 1295m2 No of floors 4 Building use commercial and residential With the increasing no population in the core city areas, the apartment is the solution to distribute the population in vertical geometry expanding the skyline of the city. The apartment proposed in our project also tries to meet the commercial demands of people as well as the parking facilities for the nearby residents as well as the customers of the commercial functions.
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:APARTMENT CUM COMMERCIAL BUILDING PLAN BASEMENT PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST AND SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:APARTMENT CUM COMMERCIAL BUILDING PLAN NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION FOURTH FLOOR PLAN ROOF PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:COMMERCIAL BLOCK FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP NoDescription.offloors 4 Building use commercial To serve the commercial needs of the precinct, a commercial block is designed The ground floor takes advantage of the market square in trading the local products and increasing the economy as well as engaging people in business
FIRST FLOOR PLAN X X X X BUILDING TYPOLOGY:COMMERCIAL BLOCK PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN X X GROUND FLOOR PLAN
SECTION AT X X NORTH ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION WEST ELEVATION BUILDING TYPOLOGY:COMMERCIAL BLOCK ELEVATION AND SECTION
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 1 NoDescriptionoffloors 4 Building use commercial To serve the commercial needs of the precinct, a commercial block is designed The ground floor takes advantage of the market square in trading the local products and increasing the economy as well as engaging people in business FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 1 PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN
BUILDING TYPOLOGY:MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 1 ELEVATION NORTH ELEVATIONSOUTHEASTELEVATIONELEVATION WEST ELEVATION
This building marks the entrance to the market square and consists of commercial facades along the streets With a shared street on the front and a parking bay on the back of the building, this building act as the connecting piece between the two similar form mixed use building that balance the volumetric and space of the surrounding
MIXED USE BUILDING – TYPE 2 Amenities Retail shop Living DiningKitchenBedroomroomW/C Plinth area 490m2 Built up area 160m2 No Of floors 3 No Of buildings 2 No of family 4
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN€€ ROOF PLAN X X X X MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 2
NORTH ELEVATION EAST ELEVATION WEST SECTIONELEVATIONATXX MIXED USE BUILDING – TYPE 2
MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 3 Amenities Retail DiningKitchenBedroomLivingGarageshoproomW/CPlinth area 1240m2 Built up area 410m2 No Of floors 4 No Of buildings 3 No of family 6
This building lies in a different location on the site. Two of them are situated along the Shanti path whereas one is placed between the shared street on the edge of market square which makes it a high potential for exposure to commercial activities and establishes itself as one of the most efficient buildings to benefit from commercial exposure as well as accompanying the lively environment of the market square the roofing style is designed as a response to high intensity of rainfall throughout the year.
MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 3 GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN XX XX
MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 3 EAST ELEVATION WESTSOUTHELEVATIONELEVATIONNORTH ELEVATIONSECTION AT X X
MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 4 Amenities Retail DiningKitchenBedroomLivingOfficeshoproomroom Plinth area 960m2 Built up area 240m2 No Of floors 4 No Of buildings 2 No of family 4 FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP
This building marks the entrance to the market square and consists of commercial facades along the streets Modern building structure where the vertical and horizontal element is used for façade treatment along the Thisstreets.building is placed along the Shanti path in two locations one opening up to market square from the south and another one opening up to Bhanu smriti Marga from the south.
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLANSECOND FLOOR PLAN MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 4 XXXXXXXX
EAST ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 4 SECTION AT X X
DESIGN BRIEF Plinth area 450m2 Built up area 120m2 No Of floors 3 No Of buildings 3 No of family 2 This building lies on the face of the Shanti path The building is facilitated by commercial shops which would help the passerby to engage in commercial activities. . MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 5 AMENITIES Retail LivingDinningkitchenbedroomshoproom FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN ROOF FLOOR PLAN MIXED USE BUILDING TYPE 5 XXXX XX
EAST ELEVATION SOUTH ELEVATION MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 5
SECTION AT X-X MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 5
Located adjacent to the community park, this building provides a spectacular view on shared street. Mixed used structure. building with the same planning and design placed in the way of the market square serves as a mixed building.
Similarly, another
use
Plinth area 480m2 Built up area 120m2 No Of floors 4 No Of buildings 2 No Of family 2
MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 6 AMENITIES Retail W/cLivingDinningKitchenBedroomshoproom FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC VIEW FROM SKETCHUP
GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN SECOND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 6 XXXX XXXX
NORTH ELEVATIONEAST ELEVATION MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 6
SECTION AT X X MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 6
MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 7 Amenities Retail W/cDinningKitchenLivingBedroomshoproom
Plinth area 480m2 Built up area 120m2 No Of floors 3 No Of buildings 1 No Of family 4
FIGURE:AXONOMETRIC
Facing the market square this building is connected by two lively streets. The no of the story of the building is given 3 floors in order to dedicate the experience of the market square to the two connected buildings and the building front is facilitated with commercial shopfronts.
VIEW FROM SKETCHUP
FIRSTFLOOR PLAN SECONDF FLOOR PLAN ROOF PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 7 XXXXXX
WEST ELEVATIONNORTH ELEVATION MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 7
SECTION AT X X MIXED-USE BUILDING – TYPE 7
. COMMERCIAL COMPLEX FIGURE:AXONOMETRY
SwimmingRooftopzoneCafépoolThecommercial complex caters to programs for recreation and daily needs. It is located right adjacent to Sadan road and faces the market square. 5 story commercial complex serves the goods which are needed in daily life. Sitting at the perfect alignment on which 3 entrances open at 3 different spaces i.e. one opens up at the axis of the market square and one adjacent to the Sadan road and another one opens up to the node clearance obtained in front of Dovan park. BLOW UP FROM
No. Of floors 5 No Of buildings 1 Amenities Retail Departmentshop store Game
SKETCHUP
SECOND LAND FLOOR PLAN THIRD FLOOR PLAN GROUND FLOOR PLAN FIRST FLOOR PLAN X XX X X X X X
FIFTH FLOOR PLANFOURTH FLOOR PLAN SECTION AT X-X X X X X
Brownfield Site Near Prague's Historic Centre to Be Redeveloped Into Dynamic Urban Hub Andrea Cuteiru Thessaloniki's Fairground Redesign Proposal Andrea Cuteiru Central Vista Redevelopment Project OMA / Jason Long's Adaptive Reuse of Historic Houston Post Office Opens to the Public Andrea Cuteiru
BIBLIOGRAPHY Urban Development Pattern: A case study of Jadi Buti Node Redevelopment of Traditional Town, Thecho Lalitpur Ar. Sanjaya Maharjan
Knokke Albertplein Redevelopment Project Aalst Kaii District Redevelopment Project Toulouse ZAC Saint Martin Residential Complex / Aldric Beckmann Architects
A Study on Busan North Port Redevelopment for Waterfront Revitalization KIEAE Journal
The Image of the city by Kevin Lynch Integrated Development Plan, Dharan Sub Metropolitan City ECoCoDE/DIGICON J/V
Birmingham’s Historic Square Undergoes First Phase of Redevelopment Dima Stouhi Magok Waterfront: INTERCITY Abeles, Phillips, Preiss & Shapiro, Inc. Waterfront Zoning: Issues and Options. New York: Department of City Planning & Department of Ports, and Trade, 1 990. City Philadelphia. Plan for Philadelphia Riverfronts. Philadelphia: City Planning Commission, 1 985. Josselyn, M.N., M. Martindale, and J. M. Duffield. Public Access and Wetlands: Impacts of Recreational Use. Technical Report #9. Tiburon, CA: San Francisco State University, Romberg Tiburon Centers, Centre for Environmental Studies, 1 989. Basti Bikash Mapdanda 2072, Nepal Ward profile, Dharan, Dharan sub metropolitan office Central Bureau of Statistics, Nepal Ministry of local development data and Ministry of urban development for relevant data, https://www.redevelop.be/articles_en/why https://worldarchitecture.org/architecturehttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoFO5Rt9cPMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6cL5Nud8d7whttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFjD3NMv6Kwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uPJdu09eeAY&t=370shttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UXGG7v0C8qUredevelopmentprojects/mzev/magok
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