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OF THE PASS AREA

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METEORS & ASTEROIDS

by Kathy Wolfe Tidbits looks to the heavens in observation of International Asteroid and Meteor Watch Day on June 30. • Millions of asteroids orbit the sun, with most of them in the asteroid belt, a region between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, moving in the same direction as the planets. They are made up of different rocks, and might have metals such as nickel and iron in their constitution. • Asteroids are nothing like planets in appearance. While planets are round, asteroids have jagged and crooked shapes. Some are hundreds of miles in diameter, but some are as small as pebbles.

• The first asteroid to be discovered is also the largestknown. Ceres was discovered on New Year’s Day in 1801 by an Italian priest, Guiseppe Piazzi, who was also a mathematician and astronomer. It was called an asteroid from the Greek word meaning “star-like or star-shaped.” For over 50 years, Ceres, which lies between Mars and Jupiter, was considered a new planet, but was reclassified after other objects were discovered in similar orbits. With a 590-mile (950-km) diameter, Ceres is the 33rd-largest known body in our solar system. It is now qualified, along with Pluto and three other bodies, as a dwarf planet. (turn the page for more!)

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Vol 2 Issue 22

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 22

METEORS & ASTEROIDS (continued) • By 1866, 88 asteroids had been discovered, and by 1891, 322 had been identified. Nine years later, 464 had been found. By the year 2000, the number had grown to 108,066, and in the last 18 years, the total has expanded to 757,626. • Asteroids are classified by their composition. C-types, also called chondrites, are made of clay and silicate, and are rich in carbon. The S-types are the “stony” asteroids, composed of rock and nickel-iron mixtures. M-types are metallic. About 75% of asteroids in our solar system are the C-type. • In February, 2019, a Japanese spacecraft accomplished an amazing feat, that of landing on the surface of an asteroid. The probe, Hayabusa2, had been studying this particular asteroid, Ryugu, a rock about 0.6 mile (1 km) in diameter, for several months. In order to collect samples of the rocky surface, the craft fired a metal projectile at the surface to break the area into smaller fragments, which were collected by a device at the top of a horn. The craft will collect other samples before its return to Earth in December, 2020. • When asteroids smash into each other, small pieces of the asteroid may break off. These pieces, called meteoroids, are small chunks of rocky or metallic material that travel through space. Some might be as small as dust, and are then known as micrometeoroids. As the pieces travel through the Earth’s atmosphere, they are heated by friction, which causes the rock to glow. We see it as a long streak of light we call a meteor, or shooting star, even though they’re not stars at all! Even though we only see shooting stars at night, they are actually occurring all the time. The word “meteor” has its origin in the Greek word for “high in the air.” (continued next page)

Sausage and Pepper Grill

Serve this no-fuss main course with crusty peasant bread. 1/3 cup balsamic vinegar 1 teaspoon brown sugar 1/2 teaspoon salt 1/4 teaspoon coarsely ground black pepper 2 medium red peppers 2 medium green peppers 2 large red onions 1 tablespoon olive oil 3/4 pound sweet Italian sausage links 3/4 pound hot Italian sausage links 1. In cup, mix balsamic vinegar, brown sugar, salt and black pepper. In large bowl, toss sliced red and green peppers and onions with olive oil to coat. 2. Place sausages and vegetables on grill over medium heat. Cook sausages 15 to 20 minutes, turning occasionally, until golden brown and cooked through. Cook vegetables, about 15 minutes or until tender, turning occasionally and brushing with some balsamic mixture during last 3 minutes of cooking. Transfer vegetables and sausages to platter as they finish cooking. 3. To serve, cut sausages into 2-inch diagonal slices. Drizzle any remaining balsamic mixture over vegetables. Serves 4. For thousands of triple-tested recipes, visit our Web site at www.goodhousekeeping.com/recipes/. (c) 2019 Hearst Communications, Inc. All rights reserved

Tidbits of The Pass Area

Week of June 23, 2019

METEORS & ASTEROIDS (continued) • The tradition of wishing upon a shooting star dates back to around 135 A.D. in Greece. The ancient Greeks believed that God separated the sphere of the heavens from the sphere of the Earth in order to see what humans were doing. An old Pawnee Indian legend tells of a man eaten by animals but brought back to life by the gods and returned to Earth in the form of a shooting star. They consider meteor showers a good omen, a sign of reincarnation. • If the rock doesn’t burn up or vaporize in the atmosphere and makes it to the Earth’s surface, it becomes a meteorite. Because about 70% of Earth is covered by water, many of the meteorites fall into oceans unbeknownst to most. About once a year a car-sized meteoroid enters the Earth’s atmosphere, but it usually burns up before hitting the Earth’s surface. About once every 2,000 years, a football field-sized object will impact the ground. • A 60-ton meteorite was found by a farmer plowing his fields in Namibia, Africa in 1920. It’s believed that the meteorite, about 84% iron and 16% nickel, had fallen thousands of years before. Named the Hoba Meteorite, from the African word for “gift,” it’s the largest known space rock on Earth. It was declared a national monument in 1955 in order to curb the vandalism that was taking place. • In February, 1969, a meteorite about the size of a car landed in northern Mexico in the state of Chihuahua. Because it landed near the village of Pueblito de Allende, it’s known as the Allende Meteorite. Over the next 25 years, about 2 or 3 tons of pieces were collected, ranging in weight from 0.035 oz. (1 gram) up to 240 lbs. (110 kg.) and even today, the occasional pieces are found.

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A Message From a Rescued Soldier

Were you in Binh Duong, South Vietnam, in May 1969? Were you part of the crew of a 1st Cav airmobile near Lai Khe? Under fire, did you swoop in and pick up two severely injured 1st Infantry soldiers and whisk them to safety? A truck full of soldiers had rolled over a land mine, killing five of them immediately. Chances are you made so many rescues that you don't remember. And even if you do remember picking up two seriously injured guys outside Lai Khe, things were moving so fast and furious that you didn't catch their names. But one of them definitely remembers you. And he has a message. That soldier -- his name is Rich Newcombe -- thinks about you every day. Rich made it to the hospital alive, thanks to you, where he spent eight months. Since then he's had a good life, finishing college, working and marrying. On the 50th anniversary of the day you rescued him, he sent a letter to a number of newspapers across the country, hoping you would see it. He says, "I hope that you survived as well and have had the same happiness that you have given me to enjoy all these years." He knows and appreciates the risks you took to go in and get him. My own father was 1st Cav back in the day, and he wore the yellow insignia on his shoulder with the diagonal black stripe and the horsehead. Knowing what he was like, I wasn't at all surprised when I read that those who rescued Rich (and so many others during the war) were 1st Cavalry, one the Army's most decorated combat divisions. If you were part of that airmobile crew that rescued Rich, thank you ... and welcome home. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

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To Your Good Health By Keith Roach, M.D.

Meningioma Is Tumor of Brain's Lining DEAR DR. ROACH: In January 2014, I was diagnosed with a benign neoplasm of my cerebral meninges (meningioma). I am a healthy 64-year-old Caucasian woman. I do not take any medications. The finding was incidental. I have no symptoms from the meningioma. I sometimes feel as if my mental capacity has declined somewhat (such as memory), but I attribute this to the normal aging process. I have been getting an MRI every year since the diagnosis. The last test showed that the tumor was 2.9 cm by 1.6 cm by 2.7 cm. The mass measured 2.3 cm by 1.3 cm by 2.1 cm when I had the first MRI in 2014. It seems to be slowly growing. What are your thoughts on this? Do you advise surgery at this time? -- C.C. ANSWER: A meningioma is a type of brain tumor that arises from the meninges, the lining of the brain. Most of these are benign, although they do range from benign to cancerous. Even the cancerous tumors very rarely spread. The main problem with this type of tumor is that they grow, and there is not a lot of room inside the skull to spare. An enlarging tumor can compress the brain, and that can lead to symptoms. Depending on the exact location of the tumor, it can cause weakness, loss of vision or loss of hearing or smell. Another common symptom is a seizure. Changes in mental function are less common, but I am very cautious about ascribing symptoms to aging.

Tidbits of The Pass Area

Although the change in size seems small, the tumor has approximately doubled in size since 2014. That is a clear indication for treatment. It will likely keep growing and cause symptoms. Surgery is a treatment option, as is radiation, but only an expert can make the assessment of what is best in your situation. If the tumor is in a favorable location, most authorities would recommend surgical removal of the tumor. DEAR DR. ROACH: My 59-year-old son has cirrhosis, probably from a blood transfusion he had as a teenager. His gastroenterologist tells him he is two years away from going on the transplant list for a new liver. Do you know if someone with compatible blood could donate a piece of his or her liver? Would that provide him with enough healthy liver? Also, he heard that you live only about five years with a new liver. Is that true? -- B.M. ANSWER: Cirrhosis after a blood transfusion makes me suspect that your son's liver disease is due to hepatitis C. If that's the case, his gastroenterologist has had or will have a discussion with him about new treatments for hepatitis C that will hopefully keep him from needing a transplant. However, if he does need a transplant, it can be done from a family member or even from a nonrelated person. There are risks to the donor, but major complications happen in only 1 to 3 percent of cases. The transplanted lobe of the liver does rapidly regenerate. The results for the recipient are comparable to that of deceased organ donors. Only the transplant surgeons can recommend whether a living donor is possible. For adults in your son's age group, the likelihood of surviving five years after liver transplantation is about 70 percent. Dr. Roach regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but will incorporate them in the column whenever possible. Readers may email questions to ToYourGoodHealth@med. cornell.edu. (c) 2019 North America Synd., Inc. All Rights Reserved

Vol. 2 Issue 22

METEORS & ASTEROIDS (continued) • The sixth-largest known meteorite is the largest in the United States, and was discovered in the state of Oregon in 1902 by a miner. Scientists believe the Willamette Meteorite actually landed in Canada or Montana and was transported by glacial ice during floods at the end of the last Ice Age. In 1905, the 32,000-lb. (15,000-kg) rock was purchased by William Earl Dodge, Sr., a New York businessman who owned one of the nation’s largest mining companies, the Phelps Dodge Corporation. His purchase price was $26,000 (close to $700,000 in today’s dollars), and the meteorite was then displayed at the Portland World’s Fair, the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition. Following the fair, it was donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City, where it is still displayed. It’s estimated that more than 40 million have viewed the space rock over the years. • June 30 was declared International Asteroid and Meteor Watch Day to commemorate the anniversary of the Tunguska asteroid impact over Siberia, Russia, on that day in 1908. A large explosion occurred that morning, flattening 770 square miles (2,000 sq. km) of forest, knocking down an estimated 80 million trees. It’s believed to have been caused by the air burst of a meteor. No impact crater has ever been found, and it’s the theory that the rock disintegrated at an altitude of 3 to 6 miles (5 to 10 km) above the Earth’s surface. Witnesses reported a column of blue light moving across the sky about ten minutes before a bright flash and the sound of the explosion. The shockwave was estimated as equivalent to a 5.0 on the Richter Scale.

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The Next Exercise Fad?

A study done in Brazil has concluded that it's muscle power, as opposed to muscle strength, that can add years to life. Confusing, isn't it? It sounds like they're the same thing, but they're not. A short example might be that having strength means you can pick up a certain weight. Power means you can pick it up quickly a number of times. It's also called power training. Beware. Researchers gathered participants between the ages of 41 and 85 and gave them tests involving upright rowing. They would stand in front of a machine, pick up the bar and pull it to chest level. Just pulling it up was strength. Doing it quickly multiple times was power. After determining how much weight each person could quickly pick up, they were divided into groups. At the end

of six years, the scientists found that those who had the most muscle power had a lower risk of death. It was the first study of its kind that linked longevity to muscle power. I have concerns about this study, especially because I fear it's going to become the new exercise fad for seniors. Even though the study participants were generally older, I see the possibility of pulling muscles and wrenching joints while attempting to lift weight too quickly. There are other things we can do to increase our longevity. The DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stopping Hypertension) has been shown for years to cut the risk of stroke, kidney stones and more. And moderate exercise every day can help us avoid some serious health problems. If you're tempted to join this new exercise fad, run it by your doctor for advice. You might ask for other exercise ideas if you're looking for something new. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

Week of June 23, 2019

Tidbits of The Pass Area

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1. 1 Name the last Cy Young Award winner to also be on a World Series-winning team in the same year. 2. Who was the first Texas Ranger to win the A.L. MVP Award? • On June 21, 1788, New Hampshire becomes the ninth and last necessary state to ratify the Constitution of the United States, thereby making the document the law of the land. Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Georgia, and Connecticut were the first to sign. • On June 22, 1937, in Chicago's Comiskey Park, Joe Louis wins the world heavyweight boxing title when he knocks out Jim Braddock in the eighth-round. Louis was the first black heavyweight champ since Jack Johnson, who lost the title in 1915. • On June 20, 1947, Benjamin "Bugsy" Siegel, who brought organized crime to the West Coast, is killed in a hail of gunfire at his home in Beverly Hills, California. Siegel got his start in Brooklyn, where he terrorized peddlers and collected protection money in the 1930s.

3. When was the last time before 2017 that the University of Georgia's football team won an SEC championship? 4. Who was the last player before New Orleans' Anthony Davis in 2016 to start a season with back-to-back games of 40 or more points?

5 Name the center in the Buffalo Sabres' famed "French Connection" line of the 1970s. 5. 6 Chevrolet drivers have won seven consecutive poles at NASCAR's Daytona 500. Who was the first of 6. the seven to do it? 7 How many pro bouts did Hall of Fame boxer Sugar Ray Leonard win before suffering his first defeat? 7. Answers: 1. Randy Johnson, with Arizona in 2001. 2. Outfielder Jeff Burroughs, in 1974. 3. It was 2005.

4. Michael Jordan did it in 1986. 5. Gilbert Perreault. 6. Danica Patrick, in 2013. 7. He had 27 pro victories.

• On June 23, 1959, after nine years in prison, Klaus Fuchs, the German-born Los Alamos scientist whose espionage helped the USSR build its first atomic and hydrogen bombs, is released from a British prison.

by Jo Ann Derson

• On June 18, 1966, Gen. William Westmoreland, senior U.S. military commander in Vietnam, requests an additional 111,588 troops for the war in 1967, bringing the total to 542,588.

• "When you have a delicate lampshade, or one that has a textured fabric, it can be hard to get the dust off. One method that I've used is a lint roller. This works well for flat but textured, when a dusting rag would make it stick worse. If you have pleats, sometimes the best way is to remove it and take it outside, then use canned, compressed air to blow the dust off." -- Y.L. in Arizona

• On June 19, 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court rules against Curt Flood in Flood v. Kuhn, denying him free agency as a baseball player. He was trying to break the reserve clause that tied players to one team. Three years later an arbitrator ruled in favor of free agency, but it was too late for Flood, who never played baseball again. • On June 17, 1994, "O.J." Simpson, a former football player suspected of a double murder, flees along I-405 in Los Angeles in a white Ford Bronco with police in pursuit. News helicopters followed from above, and millions watched on television. Simpson was arrested at home an hour later.

• To de-fat a broth, simply put it in the freezer. As the broth cools, the separated fat condenses at the top. You can peel it right off or scoop it away with a spoon.

• Coffeepot got a layer of grime? For a little extra scrub power, use a tablespoon of baking soda mixed with a few drops of dish soap. It's a minor abrasive, and it deodorizes, too. Rinse clean and repeat if necessary. • "Here's a great summer activity: Save toilet paper rolls and paper towel cores, plus any small boxes. Add small hook and loop squares on the corners and sides. Then, kids can use them as free-form building blocks. It's fun to see what kinds of things they create. Save larger boxes to create a backyard castle using duct tape or packing tape to join boxes." -V.E. in Pennsylvania • "I dropped an earring down the disposal in the kitchen. It was hard to see and even harder to get at. I was at the point of despair. My lovely husband tied a string around a magnet and was able to pull it out." -- W.E. in South Carolina

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• Deskinning chicken pieces is easier if you use a paper towel to grab onto the skin. -- Send your tips to Now Here's a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 22

Emai iet com sheet. week r Trans

1. Is the book of Leviticus in the Old or New Testament or neither? 2. From John 3, what does Jesus say that everyone practicing evil hates? The light, Truth, The Lord, Believers 3. Who found an Ethiopian eunuch sitting in a chariot reading the words of Esaias (Isaiah)? Ahaz, Philip, Jotham, Uzziah 4. From Joshua 2, where did Rahab hide Israelite spies? Under table, In cave, On roof, With oxen 5. What did Jesus send into a herd of swine? Unclean spirits, Justice, Breath of life, Mighty wind 6. Who was the father of Solomon? Nathan, Uriah, Judas, David ANSWERS: 1) Old; 2) The light; 3) Philip; 4) On roof; 5) Unclean spirits; 6) David Visit Wilson Caseyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Trivia Fan Siteat www.patreon.com/triviaguy. ÂŠ 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

Week of June 23, 2019

il paul@ tidbits. for a rate | Next read about sfusions!

Tidbits of The Pass Area

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Her Dog Knows Many Words DEAR PAW'S CORNER: Can dogs really understand what we're saying? Well, my little rat terrier, "Adam," understands many words, such as "hot" when he gets too close to my coffee. He backs away quickly. He also picks up many words from our conversations, such as "cook" or "hungry." I always tell him a person's name when they meet him for the first time. Once, the woman he met was named Laura, so that's what I told him. He looked at her, then at me, then back to her. He knows that my daughter's name is Laura, and this wasn't "his" Laura! -- Anita T., Chicopee, Massachusetts DEAR ANITA: You've got one smart dog there! Some dogs do seem to understand new words, names or associations faster or better than other dogs. And a research study published last year seems to back that up. An evaluation of 12 dogs of different breeds found that they could tell the difference between words they had previously heard and words that they hadn't. The words they "knew" were the ones used when training them to distinguish between two objects. What was interesting is that when the dogs heard unfamiliar words or even "gibberish," their neural centers for auditory processing were more active than when they heard familiar words. This is the opposite of the way our auditory processing activates. The researchers said it's likely because the dogs were trying hard to understand what their humans were saying to them. It's really cool that Adam can associate a familiar person with her name, Laura, and it seems clear that he noticed a difference. Now, will he identify "new Laura" and "old Laura" in the future? That's definitely something to watch for. (c) 2019 King Features Synd., Inc. Send your questions or pet care tips to ask@pawscorner.com.

Email paul@ietidbits.com for a rate sheet. Next week read about Dinosaurs!

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 22