Tidbits of the Pass June 30 by pschlo3663

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TIDBITS® IS AWESTRUCK BY

DINOSAURS

by Janet Spencer Come along with Tidbits as we gawk at dinosaurs!

DINOSAUR FACTS • When were the first dinosaur bones found? In China perhaps 3,000 years ago, a bone bed was discovered and the bones were believed to belong to ancient dragons, though we now know they were dinosaur bones. • In England, the thigh bone of a dinosaur was discovered in 1676, and was thought to have belonged to a human giant or large elephant. • The first dinosaur bone found in the U.S. was discovered in the bank of a stream in New Jersey in 1787 and was sent to anatomist Caspar Wistar (for whom the climbing vine wisteria is named) but he had no idea what it was. We now know it belonged to a Hadrosaur. • In England in 1822 a woman found fossilized teeth belonging to what we now call Iguanodon. • In 1824, the first dinosaur to ever be scientifically described and named was the Megalosaurus (meaning “great lizard”), from bones found in an English limestone quarry. • It wasn’t until 1841 that the word “dinosaur” was coined by English anatomist Richard Owen. It comes from the Greek words meaning “terrible lizard.” (turn the page for more!) WANT TO RUN YOUR OWN BUSINESS? Publish a Tidbits® in your area We provide the opportunity for success!

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Vol 2 Issue 23

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 23

DINOSAUR FACTS (continued) • What constitutes a dinosaur? Prehistoric reatures that flew (pterosaurs, or flying reptiles), and others that swam in water (plesiosaurs, or marine reptiles) do not qualify taxonomically as dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are exclusively land-based animals. There are two classes of dinosaurs, divided by the shape of their hip bones: lizard hips (saurischian) and bird hips (ornithischian). Ironically, it was the lizard-hipped dinosaurs that evolved to become present-day birds. • Not all dinosaurs lived at the same time. The Stegosaurus lived in the Jurassic, while the Tyrannosaurus rex lived in the Cretaceous. The Stegosaurus was extinct for 66 million years before T. Rex walked on the Earth. • Human-like anthropoids have only been on Earth about 2.5 million years. Dinosaurs lived on Earth for about 160 million years, which is about 64 times longer. • It’s been estimated that only one bone out of every billion bones ever becomes fossilized, and that fewer than one out of every 10,000 species has left fossils behind. About 95% of all fossils found belong to marine species which lived either in the ocean or in shallow seas, where conditions were right for fossilization to occur. • While many people think dinosaurs were massive, most dinosaurs were usually humansized or smaller. Scientists believe that the larger bones were just easier to be fossilized. The first dinosaurs that appeared showed up during the Triassic Period 230 million years ago. They were small and lightweight. Bigger dinosaurs appeared much later, during the Jurassic and Cretaceous. • Only one complete or partial dinosaur skeleton is necessary to identify a new species. In fact, almost half of the dinosaurs that have been identified are known from unique single specimens. (continued next page)

Blueberry Pancakes

2 tablespoons water 1/2 teaspoon cornstarch 3 1/2 cups blueberries, divided 5 tablespoons sugar 2 teaspoons fresh lemon juice 1 1/2 cups all-purpose flour 1 tablespoon baking powder 1/2 teaspoon baking soda 1/2 teaspoon salt 1 3/4 cups buttermilk 4 tablespoons butter or margarine, melted 2 large eggs

1. Heat oven to 250 F. Place cookie sheet in oven. 2. Prepare blueberry sauce: In 1-quart saucepan, combine water, cornstarch, 1 1/2 cups blueberries and 2 tablespoons sugar, and heat to boiling over medium heat, stirring occasionally. Boil 1 to 2 minutes or until berries burst. 3. Remove from heat; stir in lemon juice. 4. Prepare pancakes: In large bowl, combine flour, baking powder, baking soda, salt and remaining sugar. Stir in buttermilk, butter and eggs just until flour mixture is moistened. Stir in remaining berries. 5. Lightly grease griddle or nonstick 12-inch skillet; heat over medium heat until very hot. 6. Drop batter by 1/4 cups onto hot griddle, spreading batter gently to make 4-inch rounds. Cook pancakes 2 to 3 minutes. (Pancakes are ready to turn when batter begins to set, bubbles start to burst and edges look dry.) 7. Turn pancakes over, using a wide spatula. Cook 1 to 2 minutes longer, until puffy and undersides are a rich golden brown. Transfer pancakes to cookie sheet in oven; keep warm. 8. Repeat with remaining batter, greasing griddle if needed. Serve pancakes with blueberry sauce. Serves 4. * Each serving: About 525 calories, 20g total fat (9g saturated), 143mg cholesterol, 1020mg sodium, 75g total carbohydrate, 5g dietary fiber, 12g protein. For thousands of triple-tested recipes, visit our Web site at www.goodhousekeeping.com/recipes/. (c) 2019 Hearst Communications, Inc. All rights reserved

Tidbits of The Pass Area

Week of June 30, 2019

DINOSAUR FACTS (continued) • The Stegosaurus (Greek for “roofed lizard”) is noted for having large triangular plates sticking up along the length of its spine. These were thought to be a defense mechanism until researchers noted that they were attached to the creature’s skin rather than the spine, and that they were lined with blood vessels. Now it’s thought that the plates were a method of regulating body temperature, allowing blood to cool off. The plates could be as large as two feet tall and two feet wide. The Stegosaurus had the smallest brain-to-body ratio of any known dinosaur. Its body was the size of a van, but its brain was the size of a walnut. • Though the T. Rex catches a lot of flak for its small and nearly useless arms, in terms of proportion the Canotaurus (Latin for “meateating bull”) had the smallest arms out of any known species. The arms were vestigial and likely could not even be moved or used. • In 1997 the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago bought the largest, most complete, and best preserved T. Rex skeleton ever found. It was discovered in South Dakota by a fossil collector named Sue Hendrickson who was working with an expedition. She went to poke through some cliffs while a flat tire was being repaired on the expedition’s truck. The skeleton turned out to be about 90% complete. The T. Rex was subsequently named “Sue” in her honor. The Field Museum of Chicago purchased the T. Rex when it went up for auction at Sotheby’s, paying $8.3 million, making it the most expensive fossil in history. The money went to the man who owned the property where it was found. It’s estimated that the dinosaur was 28 years old when she died. It is on display at the Field Museum. However, most dinosaur bones displayed at museums are casts and reproductions rather than being the original bones

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See the back page to win free tickets to the Banning Fox Theater.

(continued next page)

Does This Remind You of Agent Orange?

In the 1960s, the Navy, along with a civilian manufacturer, developed a flammable liquid-fuel firefighting foam called Aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) that the Navy began using in 1967. In the 1970s, the manufacturer had concerns about the chemical being found in humans at toxic levels. In the 1980s, the Air Force began research into toxicity in rats. In the 1990s, the Army Corps of Engineers said the foam was hazardous, and a Navy study determined that AFFF was toxic. In 2011, the Department of Defense finally issued a human health and environmental risk alert. In 2018, the DOD sent a note to Congress about using an alternative foam. This year, the EPA released an action plan. The Navy will begin using a new AFFF formulate in 2020. The gears of government grind slowly ... If they knew in the 1970s that the chemical was toxic, what took so long? Pease Air Force Base is an example. Pease closed in 1991 and the water was first tested in 2014. Workers who had been at the base were dying at an accelerated rate, a cancer cluster. Community-wide testing in 2015 showed that everyone had elevated levels of PFAS. The result: The chemicals in the foam, called per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), got into the groundwater and wells. People were drinking it. Once introduced, those chemicals stay put. They're called Forever Chemicals because they never go away. Studies indicate that they can cause cancer a decade later, increase cholesterol, interfere with pregnancy and more. If you served at any military installation since the 1960s, look online for "SSEHRI PFAS Contamination Site Tracker" and find a chart showing the locations of PFOA and PFAS sites. It currently has 210 sites listed. Search online for the Environmental Working Group PFAS map called PFAS Contamination in the U.S. To keep up with news on PFAS, bookmark https://pfasproject.com.

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To Your Good Health By Keith Roach, M.D.

'Blue Cloud' Mars Vision DEAR DR. ROACH: I was diagnosed last year with a Hollenhorst plaque. I have a "blue cloud" in the corner of my left eye at all times. My doctors' only instructions were to notify them of any changes. I am scared. Am I going to have a stroke in the near future? When I asked one of my doctors, he said to "just keep an eye on it." -- D.D.M. ANSWER: A Hollenhorst plaque is a cholesterol crystal that is seen in the blood vessels of the retina. In most cases, the cholesterol plaque had broken off from the carotid artery, the main blood vessel providing blood to the brain. While I understand your concern about its effect on your stroke risk, it seems to be fairly small -- in one study of 130 patients with Hollenhorst plaques, none of them had a stroke in the two years or so that they were followed in the study. However, all of the patients studied had some degree of blockages in the carotid artery, and your doctor should consider looking for blockages in yours if he hasn't already. In most cases, carotid blockages are treated with medication, especially a statin medication. Aspirin might be appropriate for some people, but that is a discussion you should be having with an expert, such as your internist or cardiologist. Warfarin should not be used to treat cholesterol plaques. The manufacturers of warfarin recommend stopping warfarin if a cholesterol plaque is found, as warfarin can increase the risk of further events. However, there might be some situations in which anticoagulants must be used, such as in the case of a pulmonary embolism.

Tidbits of The Pass Area

DEAR DR. ROACH: I recently went to my dentist. He noticed that the enamel on the back of my upper teeth, especially the front, is wearing away. He asked me if I experience acid reflux. I said I don't think so, because isn't that something I'd notice? He then asked if I feel refreshed after waking up from eight hours of sleep. (I'm a new mother, and babies are next-level exhausting.) He said to try an experiment: Take a Pepcid at night and if I start to feel more refreshed, then I'm probably having acid reflux that prevents me from going into deep, refreshing sleep. Do you recommend this? -- H.C. ANSWER: I admire your dentist for noticing the enamel loss and considering the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Dental enamel can be lost in an acid environment, so it's a reasonable thought. However, it is normally severe acid reflux accompanied by frequent acid taste in the mouth that leads to tooth damage. There certainly are cases of asymptomatic GERD, but I think tooth damage is unlikely without further symptoms. Repeated vomiting, especially in people with a history of an eating disorder, is a much more common cause of enamel loss than GERD, and that may be a possibility. I would not recommend a medication trial because there are no reliable symptoms. (I agree with you that poor sleep in a new mom is not always due to reflux.) If GERD is really a concern, a diagnostic test, such as a 24-hour pH monitor or an endoscopy, would be my preference before considering a long-term course of treatment. Dr. Roach regrets that he is unable to answer individual letters, but will incorporate them in the column whenever possible. Readers may email questions to ToYourGoodHealth@med. cornell.edu. (c) 2019 North America Synd., Inc. All Rights Reserved

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Vol. 2 Issue 23

DINOSAUR FACTS (continued) • The word “Tyrannosaurus” comes from the Greek words meaning “tyrant lizard” while the word “rex” means “king” in Latin. • Velociraptors (Latin for “swift seizer”) were popularized in the “Jurassic Park” movie, yet were actually much smaller than depicted in the film, being a bit larger than a turkey. • One of the most unique fossils ever found is called “Fighting Dinosaurs.” It depicts a carnivorous Velociraptor (about the size of a turkey) locked in mortal combat with a planteating Protoceratops (about the size of a sheep). The two creatures were likely buried by a sudden landslide some 80 million years ago. Paleontologists uncovered the fossil in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia in 1971. • Most meat-eating dinosaurs walked on two feet that ended in large claws, while most plant eaters walked on all fours on hooves. • Some of the big plant-eaters had to eat a ton of food a day, about the size of a bus. • In 2001, researchers discovered a “dinosaur superhighway” in China that contained over 100 fossilized dinosaur footprints. • The asteroid blast considered responsible for killing off the dinosaurs wiped out nearly 90% of land-based species, but killed only 10% of species living in water. The event is called the K-T boundary because it divides the end of the Cretaceous period and the beginning of the Tertiary period, where “K” abbreviates the German word for Cretaceous. The Cretaceous period is named for the Latin “creta” meaning “chalk.” The word “Tertiary” comes from the Latin “tertius” meaning “third” as in “the third age.” • It’s likely that the die-off of the dinosaurs happened not instantaneously, but over the course of hundreds or thousands of years, as Earth gradually cooled due to the lack of sunlight, altering the growth of vegetation and changing the food chain.

I'm back to scrutinizing every label now, and you should too, at least until you're confident you know what you're getting.

Sodium, Food Labels and Dehydration

Hot weather can bring on high levels of sodium in the blood as well as what we eat. It's called hypernatremia, and it occurs when we don't have enough water in our blood to balance the electrolytes. Sodium is one of those. When we drink too little, are taking certain medications, urinate too often or are sweating excessively, everything can get out of balance.

I'm a fine example of this. I'm a big label reader when I'm picking out food. Once something passes my scrutiny (low sodium is my big one), I feel confident in continuing to buy that food.

Hypernatremia can be extremely serious, even deadly. Symptoms include extreme thirst, fatigue and confusion. It can sneak up on you. Run this by your doctor and ask for advice on the amount of water you should drink in a day. This will vary based on your medications.

It's time to read food labels again. If you've grabbed the same cans off the grocery shelves over the years, there's every possibility the ingredients have changed. You won't know what you're actually getting unless you look.

Today I decided to compare two flavors of the same brand of baked beans. Imagine my horror when I discovered that the kind I usually eat has a whopping 1,080 grams of sodium per serving. That's a significant part of the sodium limit for a whole day. There's no way I would have chosen that one so long ago. So it's changed over the years, and I never even knew.

Week of June 30, 2019

Tidbits of The Pass Area

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1. 1 Who were the only two major-league pitchers to strike out Hall of Famer Ted Williams three times in one game? 2. Name the pitcher who is the all-time leader in strikeouts for the Texas Rangers. • On June 30, 1859, Emile Blondin becomes the first daredevil to walk across Niagara Falls on a tightrope. The feat was witnessed by some 5,000 spectators. Blondin wore pink tights and a yellow tunic, and carried a balancing pole. • On June 26, 1917, during World War I, the first 14,000 U.S. infantry troops land in France. By the war's end on Nov. 11, 1918, more than 2 million American soldiers had served on the battlefields of Western Europe, and more than 50,000 lost their lives. • On June 25, 1950, in one of the greatest soccer upsets of all time, an American team composed largely of amateurs defeats its more polished English opponents, 1-0, at the World Cup in Brazil. Assembled just days before the match, the U.S. team included a dishwasher, two mailmen, a teacher and a mill worker.

3. When was the last time before 2017-18 that the Green Bay Packers missed the NFL playoffs in consecutive seasons? 4. How many consecutive losses had the Penn's men's basketball team sustained against rival Villanova before beating the Wildcats in 2018?

5 Zdeno Chara currently ranks fourth among Boston Bruins defensemen for career points (467). 5. Name the first two on the list. 6 When was the last time before 2018 that no African nation men's soccer team made it past the first round 6. of the World Cup? 7. 7 In what year and at what event did tennis great Andre Agassi complete his career grand slam? Answers: 1. Bobo Newsom in 1939, and Jim Bunning in 1957. 2. Charlie Hough, with 1,452 strikeouts.

3. It was 2005-06. 4. Fifteen -- the last time the Quakers won was in 2002. 5. Ray Bourque (1,506 points) and Bobby Orr (888). 6. It was 1982. 7. It was the 1999 French Open.

• On June 29, 1964, two dozen New Zealand Army engineers arrive in Saigon as a token of that country's support for the American effort in South Vietnam.

by Jo Ann Derson

• On June 28, 1972, President Richard Nixon announces that no more draftees will be sent to Vietnam unless they volunteer for such duty. He also announced that a force of 10,000 troops would be withdrawn by Sept. 1, which would leave a total of 39,000 in Vietnam.

• "Every time I cook bacon in a frying pan it's always a greasy mess. My roommate totally blew my mind when she put hers in the oven. Try it out at 400 F and be astonished. No mess!" -- P.A. in Florida

• On June 27, 1988, heavyweight champion Mike Tyson knocks out challenger Michael Spinks with a left hook in the first round. The match lasted just 91 seconds. • On June 24, 1997, Air Force officials release a 231page report dismissing long-standing claims of an alien spacecraft crash 50 years earlier in Roswell, New Mexico. The UFO rumors began in 1947 when a rancher found shiny material scattered on his land.

• If your clothes or towels have a musty odor, it might be time to give your washing machine a freshener. The inside of your washer is often wet or damp, which can lead to mildew buildup in the machine as well as the hoses. Front-loading machines may have mildew buildup on the gasket. There are products you can buy for just this purpose, but if you want to try a DIY washing machine mix, simply add some baking soda to the machine and use it for a little scrub action. Then add 2 cups of white vinegar and run on a hot cycle with no clothes.

• Ever think that jeans and pants take up way too much space folded in drawers? Y.R. from Washington says that to save space, she hangs her pants and jeans on S hooks in her closet. • Want to make fun and interesting pancakes shapes for special occasions or to spice up everyday breakfast? Use metal cookie cutters to easily achieve super-fun shapes. Simply spray pan and inside of the cookie cutter with a nonstick cooking spray and slowly add batter to the inside. Use tongs to flip when stable.

Email paul@ietidbits.com for a rate sheet.

• "My chargers and cables always end up tangled and messy looking. My problem was completely solved when I took a few binder clips and threaded the cords though the metal 'wings,' which help them stay put. Now I keep a cord by my bedside table and my desk so it's convenient to charge wherever I am sitting." -F.C. in North Carolina -- Send your tips to Now Here's a Tip, 628 Virginia Drive, Orlando, FL 32803

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 23

1. Is the book of 2 Timothy in the Old or New Testament or neither? 2. From Luke 6, what did Jesus tell His disciples to do to those who cursed them? Smile, Walk away, Laugh, Bless them 3. What instrument did David play for Saul that caused the evil spirit to depart? Drum, Harp, Tambourine, Flute 4. From John 3, who lifted up the serpent in the wilderness? Paul, Peter, John the Baptist, Moses 5. What horrible things did Ezekiel see filling a valley? Serpents, Locusts, Dry bones, Demons 6. Who was the father of James and John? Zebedee, Nahum, Haggai, Hizkiah? ANSWERS: 1) New; 2) Bless them; 3) Harp; 4) Moses; 5) Dry bones; 6) Zebedee Visit Wilson Caseyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Trivia Fan Siteat www.patreon.com/triviaguy. ÂŠ 2019 King Features Synd., Inc.

Week of June 30, 2019

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Help Shaggy Dog Beat Summer Heat DEAR PAW'S CORNER: I recently adopted a big, shaggy mutt named "Dover." I'm pretty new to owning a dog, and I wonder if his thick fur coat will bother him here in the South. What can I do to make sure he's comfortable? -- Gerry in Macon, Georgia DEAR GERRY: First off, congratulations on your new family member! It sounds like you're already doting on Dover. Talk to Dover's veterinarian about how he should be groomed for summer. Some long-haired dogs do very well in the summer if they're regularly groomed, their fur is brushed out and trimmed a bit, and they don't spend a long time outdoors in the heat. Other dogs suffer in their long coats -- they have trouble cooling off, and their skin can get very irritated. I've met more than a few that have their fur shaved very short during the warm months. A couple of other important notes for summertime dog care: Never leave a dog (or any pet) inside of a car, even for a few minutes, even with the window open a couple of inches. Car interiors can quickly become far too hot for pets and overwhelm their ability to cool off. (Remember, dogs don't sweat like we do to cool off.) Also, be careful walking your dog on a sidewalk or street in the heat. The pavement can easily burn the treads of their paws, causing pain and sometimes an infection. Opt for a dog-friendly park with lots of green grass instead. Or, put booties on your dog's paws to protect them from burns.Send your questions or pet care tips to ask@pawscorner.com.

Next week read about Ju-Facts!

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Tidbits of The Pass Area

Vol. 2 Issue 23