12th Annual Report of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction

T\NELFT'H ANNUAL REPORT OF THli

STATE SUPERI NTENDENT

PUBLIC INSTRUCTION TO THE

GOVERNOR OF EBRASKA.

FO R 'l'HE YEAR END I NG DEGE NTBER 91, 188& .

L INCO LN , .NEB.: JOU R NAL OOMPANY, STATE PR I NT E RS.

1880.

·T\\ELFT'H

A.~N U_L\L

REPORT

OF T l1 E

STATE St

PE R INTE ~ D ENT

PUBLIC INSTRUCTIOIJ T O T HE

COVERtiQR OF \ EBR \ ," K.-\ ,

L [ r UOLN , :NEB.: .I OU JtN AT. t 'O) fP A N Y ,

'TAT "!·-:

18 0.

P R I N T ER :=i .

CON'I'ENTS. LETTER .. .. ... ............. .. ... .. .., .. .... ............ .... .. ......... .. . ... ....... .... .. .. ......... 5 REPORT ...... .... .... .. ..... ...... ...... .. ..... .... .... .. .. ... .. ... ..... . ........ . ..... .... .. ...... . 7 S U MMARY 01<' 'TATISTICS ... .. . . .. ... .. ..... .. . .. .. ... . . .... . .. .... ... . ... .. ... ..... . 7 REMARKS ON STATISTICS . ... ... ........................................ ............ .. 9 Receipts.. .. .. ..... . ... ............ ..... . ... ...... ......... ... ...... ... . ...... .... ........ .. ........ . 9 Expendi tures . .......... .. ... ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. ... .. .. .... .. .... .... .. ...... ......... . .. ... 9 D istricts ............. .................................... ..... ................ .... . ...... .. . ...... .. . 10 School-Houses ...... ....... .. ....... .. ......... ..... .. ... .. ............ ... ...... .... :... . ..... .... l l Children of Sehool A ge ... ... .... .................... .. .... .... .... . ......... ............. ..... 13 Length of School Term ........ . .......... .... .. ........................ ..... .... ...... ... .... . 13 Teachers' Wages .. .... ..... . ........ .. ....... .. .. .. . .. ..... .. ... .... .. ..... ............. . ...... .. 14 School Property .... .. ...... ...... ... .... .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. 14 Ap portion ment of School Fu nds .. .. .. . ...... ........... ............. ........ .. .. ......... 14 Indebtedness . ... .. .. .. ...... .... .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . .. .. . .. .... ... .. .... ... .. 15 Compensation of Cou nty Superintenden ts ... ... ......... ......... ..... .. ...... .. ....... 15 MEANS OF LM.PI OVING E DUCATION : County I nstit u t es . .... ...... ................ ... ... .... ... ........ . .. .. .... .. .... ....... ... .. .... lG N ormal, County, and District Instit u tes .... .. ................ .. .. ..... .. ... ........ .... , li The S tate N ormal School ...... .. .. .. ......... ......... .... .. .. ............. ........ ......... :!ii Convent ions of County Superintendents .. .... .......... .. ...... ...... .. . ... .... .... .... 28 THE 11'IEJ•:'l'ING AT LIN COL N ........ . .... .. .. .. .. , .. .... . ................. . .. ...... ..... 28 "Wor k of Institu tes," by J. A . Smi th . ...... .'........ ........ .. .. .... .......... . . 28 "Conventions of School Officers , " by I. D . N c wol. .... .... .......... ...... .. . 31 "Ho\v to assist School Bonrds, n by J . D . Messi nger .. .. .. ... . ... .. ... . . . . ... 35 l'tesol nti ons adopted ......... .................. .. .. ..... ...... ......... ......... ......... 36 THE MEETING A.'l' WlSNER . ... : ........ . .. .. .... .. ... ... .. ..... ......... ..... . ... ..... ... 39 R esolut ions adopted· .. ... .... ............. .. ... . .......................... ...... ......... 39 The State Teachers' Assoeiation ...... .. . ...... ............ .... ..... .............. ......... 40 T he Study of the Science of Ed ucation . . .................. .... ........ .. .... .. .. .. .. .... 40 OUR STATE EDUCA'l'IONAL INSTITUTION::; . ...... .................. ......... 43 The University . ......... .. .. .. .. ......... . .. .. ............... .. ... ... ............. .. ........ ... . 43 The State N ormal School. .. ...... . ............... .... ...... .. ............ .............. ...... 45 The School for the Blind............ ...... .. ... .. .. . .. ...... ...... . .... .. ................ 46 The Institu t ion for the D eaf and Dumb ..... .... .... .............. .. .... .. .. ......... ... 46 The State R eform Schf•ol. .. ............ ........ ......... .. .. .. .. .. .... ...... : .. ..... ....... . 48

4

CONTENTS .

O uR L

RGE R

GnaDED

ScH00L ~ ... •• .• .. ..•... . . ••• .•.• ..•. . . ••..•.•... ... . . ..•. . •.. .. .•

On1 aha .. .. ... ... . .................................................. ..... ...... ..... ...........

Lincoln ...... ...... ........ .. ............................ . .. .. ........ ...... . ......... ........

F rern n t ......................... .. ...... . ...... .. .......... .. . .... .. ...... .. ................

Plt1ttsmouth .. . .... .. .. . . .. .. . .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. .. .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . .. . .. .... .. .. . .. .. .. .. . . .. . ..

Hasti ngs .................... .. .......... . .............. ... ................ . ........ .. ......

Nebra ska City .......... .............. . ...... .. ........... .. . ......... ............ . .. ..

Brownv ill e ·;· . .... .. ......... ........................... .. ................. . ............ .. .

B eatrice ....... ...... . .. .................... ..... .... .. ....... ......... .................. .

DENOMIN ATIONA L COL L EGE A-D :-,'li:l\HNARIE .... ············· · Doane College ............... .. .......... .. .... ... ............................ . ............ ..

The N eb raskr\ Conferen ce Seminary ........ .... ... ............ .. ...... ......... . .. . ..

Th e N ebrn s k~t W esleynn Un ivers ity ............... .... ...................................

Th e Ncbrask!L Bftptist Seminnr y ........ ... ....... .... .. .... .. ............... .... .... .... ..

P aw nee City A cadem y .... .... ......... ·...... ...... ........................... ...... . .. .......

C reighton College .. ............ . ......... .. .. .. ..... .. ......................................... .

INDUSTRI AL EDUCATIO.- ...... ...... ... ..... .. ..... ... .. ... .... . .... ............... . ...

In the Common School· .. .. ................ . ........... .. ... .. ...... ... ..... ... ,........... [n Interm edi ate Sch ools ................. ........ .. .. .. ............................... .

In Hig h er Institutions ...... ......... .... ..... .............. .. ........... . .. ...... ...... ...

'I liE REVISION 011' THE SCHOOL LAW The Tex t-Boo k Que;;tion . .... ........ ..............·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.-.-.-.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·... .... ........ " ·

············· .......... .. .. ..... . ..... . ................. . ......... .... .... . ··············

' r·ee T ext-Boo ks THE PERMANEN T SCHOOL FUND ........................... .......... ......... .

STATIS'l'ICAL TABLES: '.Gabl e !-Receipts, 1880 ...... ... .... .. ...... ... .... .. ......... .... .. ...... ... .. .. .. ..

IT-Expenditures ................ ............. ............ . ...... .. ...... . .. .. . :::: I II-Statistics of Schools , Schoo l-Ho uses , a nd Inst itutes ... ...... ..... . " IV - School Attendance and T eachers Empl oyed........... .. ......... " V- Valne of ebool Property, Number of lliills L ev ied, Amount " App orti oned , and ~toney in the Hands of Connty Treas ur er V 1- ~Wages of T each ers and Total Indeb ted n ess of Districts ........ . ·' " VII- County Su pe rintenden ts nncl t h eir Compensa t ion .................. " VII I-G raded Sch ools ..... ..... .............................. ...... ...... ..... .......

IX-Suma ry of . ta ti ~t i cs . Ten Y ears of th e System ..................

Al >DE XDA-Stati sti cs fo r 1879.

49

49 52 54 55 56 57

5 5 59

-g 61 62 62 02 G3 64 70 72 75

°

8 83

3

84 87 88 89 90

91 92 93

94 96

DEPARTM ENT oF PuBLIC lNsnwcTroN. ·~ OFFICE OF STATE SUPERINTENDENT,

Lincoln , Neb., Dec. 31 , 1880. ,

Hon . Albi?l7.ts N ance, Go vernm· of N eb1·aska : Sm : -Herewitb I transmit to you the Twelfth Annual Repor t of the State Superintendent of Public Instru ction for the y ear e n ding D ecember 31, 1880.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant.

S. R. THOMPSON, State 8upe?'intendent of P ublitJ Instr· uction.

REPOR.l'.

The school law of this State requires the Superinte~dent tu m a ke an annual r ep ort. In accordance wit h this requirement, s tatiS路路 tical report of the operations and disbi.usements of our school system for the year ending April 7, 1879, was published in December of that year, and will be found in full at the close of t his pamphlet.

For the convenience of comparison , and to bring the matte rs treat ed of more clearly to the a ttention of the legislature and others interested, the discursive part of this rep ort will indude the two school years ending April 7, 1879, and April 4, 1880, r espec tively . . In the general statistics which foll ow, the tot als for the t路wo years have been printed together in p arallel columns to facilitate easy reference. The 路 summary of statistics for the whole State, given below, are g iven in detail by counties, a t the end of this report. In connection with the tabul ated statis tics for t he sever a l counties will be found a table gi ving general stat istics for ten years of the system beginning with 1871.

a

GENERAL SUMMARY .

T.anu: I.- RECEIPT l::l.

1879

1880

ln b a nds of d istrict trCI\>!u rer a t beginnlng of ycar ........................ ........S 19<!,931 .78 S 160,098. 37 .Received f rom county t reasurer d uring year. ......... ...... ...... .................... 688,910 .52 933,::!32. 03 From sal e of district bonds..................................... ....... .... ............ .. ......

38,707.33 27,950.62 l"rom tuition of n on -r esiden t pupils ..................... ............ ......... ...... ......

1 ,726 . 32 2,803.18 From all other sou rces...................................... .......... ............ ......... . ...... 179,211. 17 170,053.4.'> Tot al r eceipts including amou nt on h and ........................ ...................... 1,102,488. 12 1,294,137 .oo 'rABLE

1!.- EXPENDI'l' U]{ES.

Po.id male teach ers .... ......................... ..................$224,632. 12 $242,334.47 Paid female teach ers ............... .. .... ...... ...... .. ........ 265,366. 38 SOG,865 . 94 'l'oto.l po.icl t each ers ...... .............................. ....................................... $ 48!',998 .50 $ 049,200 .41 Pnid fm b uilding, rcpnirll, 1\Dd debts on snme.. . ............... ........................ 252.616 . 20 193,035 .19 Paid for n.U oth er pu rposes...... ..................... .............................. ............. 181,332. 20 S66,381. 6S .Amou nt on h a nd a t end of year......... ............ ...... ............ ...... ..... .... ....... 176,979.47 185,520 .'12 Total expen ditures, Inclu ding amou n t on hand, nt close of year ............ 1,100,9"26 . S7 1 ,294.187 . 65

1

.REPORT OF TJ-IE 'l'A llLE

III. -

TATI 'l'lCS.

T ABr. t: Y III.-GRADED SCH OOLS.

Nu 1nhcr of districts .... ... ...... ... .. ... .... ... .. ..... .. ... ..... ..... ..... .. ........ ... ... .. ..... .. .. .. .. ...... ...

~, . ~l{)

:.; , t::>:l

Nu mb r of sch ool houses .... .... .......... :... ........ ................. .... ..... ...... .... .... ... .. ... ....... 2,-1811 :!,70 1 Children between the ag-es of five a nd twen ty-o ne .. ............. .. ... ... .... ........ .... ... .. ....1:t3,'11 t 1-1:2,:> I Avera ge number of ch ildren in ea ch district .. ...... ..... ····· ····· ···· ···· ·· · ······· ··· ···· ······· · ·1~1 ·I~ Axe rage number of da ys tn ug-ht by each teach er ... ... .... ...... ..... ... .. ...... ..... .. . .... .. ....

7 '2 Avemge num ber of days of school in each d istr ict. ..... .. .... .... ...... .. .. .... .. .. .... .. ... ...

107 109 Nnmber of d istricts in whj ch schools a re graded ...... ... .... ... ............... .................. , 6:!

70 Num ber of teachers employed in all g raded schools .... ... ......... ............. .... ..... ..... ..

2S 1 :!76 Number of dis tricts having- sLx m onths or more sch ool... .. .. ... ... ... .... ...... . ...... ...... . 1,2·12 1 .:~ 9 I Number of districts t hat hall n o sch ool.......... .. ....... ..... .. ...... .... ... ...... ... ... . ..... .. .. ... li:: :!10 :\x ernge squa re feet of bl ac kboar d surface. ...... .......... .......... ... ..... ... .. ....... .... ... .... .. ;;:; N1truber of houses with no blackboards.......................... . ...... ... ... ... ..... .... .. ...... .. ... :!1\9 301 Nn m ber of houses furnished with paten t d esks a nd sca ts .. ...... .... ..... . .... .. .. ..... .. . . . 1.57·1 1 ,6~ ·1 Number of new scb ool hou es built during the yea r ... .... ...... ... ...... ...... ..... ........ ....

191 1!lf> Nu mber of teachers' institute held. ..... ..... ....... ............ .... .. .... ............. ....... .. .. .... ...

63 86 Aggrega te a ttendance upon institutes ............ ... ............ ... ........ .. ... ... .. ... .... ... ...... . 2 ,34·1 l,!lf>O Nnmber of districts furnishjng free tex t-books... ..... .... ..... ....... ..... .. .. ... ..... .... ... ......

137 2·16

T .\.13L E IV.-STATISTICS OF PUPILS AND TEAC H ~!iR S .

~b il~~~~·~;;~;ii~ct- ~. ii;~· ;~j;~~i~· ·.·.·.·.·.:·.·.·.·.·.:·.·.·.·.·::.::·.·.::·.:·.·.:·.·.::·.·.·.·.·:.·.:·.·.·:::::.:·.·.·::::.::::. . . .·.:: :::·.:: ~~:~~~

' U~ber of qu~lified teach ers employed , m oles . ........... . ... ... ... ...... ....... .. ... ..... .. .....

A g~rc!"'ate n••m . , • . feJnalc:· . . . .... .... .... ... .... ....... :·: ·~··· · · · ·········

be1 of d a~ s !aug ht by ma les . .... .. ...... ... ........ ......... .125,3., 2 140 ~::? fe males ... ... ....... ........ ... ..... . . l.73.GGY 202:12.)

"

:~w

A

" "

1,607

" T AB L E

142,3<18 U2,54fl

1,670 2,1;;()

2,22 L

vcr;,g~ \~:~~~-. -~~;: ·~;~1~;j;:. ~~~i~~:·.: : ::::·.·.·.·.::::::::::::::·.·.-.:::: :::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :~!J~S3~~ · fe mal es ... .. .. ...... ... ... ... . ...... . ..... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. .... .. ... .. .. .. .. . $ 20.5f•

342,9-17

s

36 .1 :.! ::!tl .•:;5

TA BLE VL- WAGE 0 ~~

AND .INDEBTEDNESS .

by state s uperin ten den t ..... ........ ................. ... ..... . ~ 200>.622 . 50 S 208 ,,108 . so

w~_ges of male teach ers ............. .. ...... .........~2 l6,406A4

$242,344 . 47

\

. fem ale tea ch ers ........... ............. ... 265.fi74 .38 306 86ii . !l1- 482 580 . S2 549,200.41 ' ~gTegMe of m debtcdness ...... .... ........ .... ...... ....... ....... .... .. ..... ... . :........... 1,027:751.00 1,008,799 . 28 ' L I II I.E:

V Il.-CO.i\l PENi; ATION OP COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS.

Wh ole n umber of clistri cts .

Aggregate ntunber of vis i ts· ·~ ~~].... .. ... . . . ... . ..... .... .......... .............. ... .......... ...

~ ~ 856

A

o ,183

.

.

62 ·13

70 .) I

~2

'17

36

:·;[,

:!3<!

3j8

gTnln mar .. ... ..... ......... ........ ... ... .... .... .2,1 86 '2,71J7

hig-h sch ool .... ... ... ........ ... ..... ........ ..... l ,14~ 1.0•32 'l'otnl enrollment .. ... ............. .. .... .. ....... ... .. ... ...... ................. .. ........ ........ ........ ..... . 12,568 17,349 Number of teachers em ployed . males..................... .. ... ........ ........ ............. .... 5-I G·l females ....... .. ....... ................ ... ....... .......... .. ..19:i 189 Totn l............... ....... .... .... ... ..... ................... ....... ..... ....... ..... ..... . ... ........... ..... .. . . .. .. 219 253 Average salary of male tea chers. per mon th .......... ..... ........... .. .............. ..... .... ....... ..$74 .60 $88.82 ·Average sa lary of female teach ers , per mont h .... ... .......... ........... ....... ......... .... ......... 39 . 1 ~! 38 .75 Average nu mber of mon ths of sch oo l... .... ... .... .......... .. ... ..... ........ .. .. .. ... ...... ... .. .. ....... H.2 9 .

The actual increase of receipts of 1880 over those of 1879 is about $200,000, and over those of 1878 a bout $400,1100. This in crease was derived principally from the increased valuation of taxable property, since the average rate of taxation was slightly diminished during the two years.

EXPENDITURES.

V. -STATI . 'l 'I CS t:i CHOOL .P R OP:EHTY .

~~~~ ~:: :~:~~~~ h~uses .... ..... .. .. .. .... ..... ....... .. .... ......... .. .. .. ... .... .. .. .... .. ... ... 1 ,62:,355. 18 Sl,80·J ,2J.2.:!~ Val u e of books an~s. ..... . . . ... .. . .. . . . .. . . ... .. . . . . . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . . .... . .. t7o ,183 . 60 200,672 . 4~:> Total value of all scla10ppa rntus. ........ ...... .. ... ..... .. ............ ........... . ........ ....

54 ,826 . 19 59,883 .57 ol property ... .... .... ........ ...... ........ .. .. ... .. ... ..... ...... . 1 ,810,088.27 2,004,768 . 32 A verage num ber of mills Iev· 1·e d 1·or sc11001 p urposes ... .. ............. ..... .. ...

13 12 .6 Ar n ow1t apportio ned b t .· t d 1<1 ?>fon . · Y COUll Y supe1m en en ... ........... ........... ...... ... 224,605. 65 219 ,739 . !)9 cys IL1 h a nds of coun ty treusurers a t close of year . .... .... ..... .. .... ... .. 160,201. 24 169,151.78 ~molunt ap portioned

Number o f districts h a ving schools g ra ded ....... .... ...... ............ ..... ..... ..... .. ......... .. ... .

Number of districts r eporting .... ... ... ...... .... .. .... ... ...... .. .................... .. ........ .. .. .... ....... .

Whole number of bu ildings in .. .. ..... ............ .. .......... ... .. ...... ....... .... ...... ............. ...... .

Number of rooms used for recita tion only; .... ....... ...... .......... ...... ............. ..................

Whole number of rooms in use ........... ........ ...... .. ......... .. ....... . .. .. ........... ............... .

Whole nwuber of pupil enrolled, primary .. ....... .... ..... .. ........... ..... ... ...... 6,2U2 8,929 intermedi al e ... ....... ...... ... .. ........ .........2 ,!l~6 4,:)61

RECEIPTS.

Chil dren between t he ages o f fi ve ru1 d twenty·one, m a les . ..... .. ....... .64,179 74,172 :·. " " " " fe males ........ .. ..... 59,232 68,176

~ ·

9

SU PE RI N T ENDENT OF PUB LIC INSTR UCTI ON .

.

C. .......... .............. ......................................

T gg-';egatc number of cl ays empl oyed. ....... .. .. ..... .... ..... ..... ..... .. .. .. ... ... ..... . ... ..

7,15S CJta compensa tion of fi fty-six supe rintend en ts .... .... ... ... ............. ... ..... ... .... . $24, 782. 13 A.Ye rn,;I e cc•m.pen sntio.n o f snm c .. .

'' [T'ifty-two Sn pe.rin tende n m.

.............. ......... ................... ..............

H 2 .54

3 ,132 3 ,009 7.390

$2<l,248 .40"' 466 . 32

The figures show an increase of $59,000 paid to teRchers in 1880 over amo unt paid in 1879. For buildings, repairs, and debts on same, about $50,000 less was paid in year endin g April, 1880, than in the preceding year. The largest increase of expenditure is in t he i tern "Paid for aU other purposes," which, owing to a misunderstanding of school officers, is often mad e to include amounts paid for school bonds cancelled.

The blanks for directors' reports for next year have been changed so as to specify more particul arly the classes of things for which , money is paid out by district boards, and to diminish the amounts reported under the i ndefinite designation of "all other purposes."

When it is remembered that these accounts are kep t by m ore than thre~ thousand different officers, many of whom are un accustom ed to keeping accounts, it is ·easy to see that absolutely accurate and reliable reports cannot in all cases be secured. As i t is , the repo rts are in the main substantially accurate. It is an excel-

'

'

·;·.···.·· I

1 .

10

REPORT OF THE

lent practice of many Connty Superintendents to call upon the school officers once a year, look over their accounts, and make suggestions towards improvement, where needed. Instances have come to the knowledge of this department where a County Super- ~: .•~. intendant, by giving careful attention to thcfinancialtnanagemen\ of the district officers, has saved the districts of his l~ounty more than the whole amount of his annual salary.

I

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION.

discretion to overstep these limits in special cases which might arise.

I

j

From 1878 to 1879 the number of districts increased 166; and· from 1879 to 1880; 276; a total increase in two years of 442. A considerable part of this increase was legitimate and resulted from t~e ~ivision of districts too large, or from the formation of new dtstrtcts from territory hitherto unorganized. , In some counties there is a steady pressure brought upon the · · ?onnty Superintendent to induce him to divide districts now only ~ I Jnst large enough to keep up a good school. It is to the credit of t~e~e. officers that they have usually refused to make these unwise dlvtSI?ns unti.l compelled to do so by a majority petition. In some I counties a healthy change of sentiment in reference to the size of scho · 0 1 d.Is t rtcts • has grown up, and in a good many instances, dur~~g the last two years, two weak. small districts have been consol1 ated, thus making one strong ~nd vigorous one.

The recommendations made two years ago on this point are repeated here; time and further observation have only strengthened my convtction · · of their importance. These are:

(~.)

Fix a minimum district by taking into account three things te~rtitoryb, of pupils, and valuation. That is, allow no dis~ triC to enumber formed wt.th 1ess t h an stx · sections, · · cases where h except 1n the assessed valuation will reach $25,000, and there are not less t. an. twenty pupils of school age. Of' course this would not affec\ ~~st~Icts already formed, but should apply to all formed hereafter. would usually be safe to leave the County Superintenden~

SOHOOL HOUSES.

1,

DIS'rRIOTS.

~~-~ Change the law so that it will require a two-thirds majority pe ItiOn to compel a County Superintendent to divide a district. ( 2.) Require two petitions, one from each part into which it is proposed to divide a district.

11

Number built in 1879, 191; in 1880, 195; total in two years, 386.1 These figures include but few ter,nporary structures, nearly all built being good substantial houses.

Nearly all the new houses and many old ones have been furnished with first-class furniture and apparatus.

In many cases the money invested in school houses is not as judiciously expended as might be if some competent person were consulted before the contract is let. The practice adopted in some states of requiring school boards to submit their plans for the approval of the County Superintendent before giving a contract, is recommended for adoption here. The Superintendent, in visiting all the schools of a county, has opportunity to see the best features of all the houses, and in many cases could make valuable suggestions to those preparing to build. It is believed that the adoption of this plan would result in much good.

There seems a necessity for some check on the purchase of useless and expensive apparatus. A smooth-tongued agent goes abou\ from one school officer to another and succeeds in selling them somebody's mathematical charts, for example, for five times their value. In~taiices have been reported to this ·department where several hundred dollars' worth of trash has been palmed off upon districts, much of it nearly or quite worthless, and all sold at an extravagant price. As a specimen of a number of communications on file in my office, the following from one of our leading citizens and an ex-County Superi~tendent, will be of interest: 0FFICI<J OF CouNTY SuPERINTENDENT, BuRT CouN'.rY, DECATUR,

Neb., July 22d, 1878.

8. R. Thompson, State Supt., Lincoln, Neb.: DEAR SIR-Learning that "Wood's Mathematical Charts" are again being sold in the State, I write to tell yon something of their introduction into our county four or five ye!trs ago.

I will tell you first what I know personally of the style of operation which was adopted by the agents selling those surprisi1Zf1

12

REPORT OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

charts. Some time during the fall of 1873 or 1874:, while I was one of the officers of one of our school districts, I was visited by two young men carrying sample charts and wishing me to order them for our school, saying, at the same time, that the other members of the board had agreed to abide my decision in the matter.

I decided very promptly that they were of no practical use. and refused to purchase, and supposed that was the end of the transaction. Such, however, was not the case. They sold to the other ~embers of the board, telling them that I was in favor of purchasIng but had not time to attend to it. At the time of making the sale they gave a written contract to deliver within a certain time c?art:s framed in a specified manner, and to take them back if the distnct, at the next annual meeting, should vote not to keep them.

They were not delivered according to contract, they were not ~ramed according o contract, they were utterly worthless for use In school. So the district voted at the annual meeting not to keep them. tThey did keep them, however, for those enterprising agents, after having obtained the signature of two of the officers to a paper wh"h b Ic ~hey (the officers) supposed to be an ·order for the charts, h u~ wh1ch was in reality an order on the county treasury for $34, 1 a sold the said order to a third party for fifty cents on the doland their whereabouts was unknown. The same parties, as I bar, ave · d. smce learned, sold the same charts to more than one-half the Is~ricts in the county. They ·avoided offering to sell in the towns or 1.n a?y district ·where they would be likely to get a gratuitous ~tice In the papers. I am informed that the agent who furnished them t-o the traveling agents received $4: a set for them, they sold e~ for $34:, taking district orders, selling the orders for fifty per ~~'and then if the district refused to pay they had to contest the ? a~~ of the man who bought the orders. :My ovinion of the charts Ish at ~hey are of no value whatever. for use on the walls of a sc dool room; that the first cost could not be more than $1.50 a set; ~n that the same information contained in the charts could be put 1D a primer and sold. for ten cents at a good profit to the publish~rsd. The buying of such things is not only a waste of money but It Iscourages districts from buying needed apparatus.

Respectfully,

w. E. DRURY,

Oo1enty Supt. Pub. InBt., Bu'rt Oo., Neb.

13

Almost the whole of this swindling could be stopped if school boards were required to submit their bill of proposed purchases of apparatus to the county superintendent for his approval. No other effective way of meeting the difficulty in question has been suggested.

CHILDREN· OF SCHOOL AGE.

The increase of children enrolled on census in 1879 over 1878 was 19,381; of 1880 over 1879, 18,937; total increase in two years, 38,318. The census of 1880 is· very nearly double that ot 1874-. That our school accommodations should have been keptsufficient, and even improving during six years of such rapid increase of school population, is a gratifying exhibition of educational zeal and enterprise.

The per cent of children enrolled in the census who attended school has increased from 60 in 1878 to 65 in 1880. By this is meant, of every 100 persons of school age-from 5 to 21-in the state 65 were present at some time in the schools during the year.

LENG'l'H OF SCHOOL TERM.

This is slowly increasing from year to year. In 1879 the average of all the districts was 107 days, in 1880 it was 109. This averae:e is kept down by the eontinual formation of new districts, which~ having to build houses, are for a time compelled to get on with the minimum amount of school prescribed by law.

Of the 173 disLricts reported as having no school in 1879, and the 210 so reported in lSSO, but a small number comparatively belong to the class of districts able to have school, but refusing to do so. The exact number of this class of districts cannot be reported, but it is not large. The greater part of those reported as having no school are districts organized within a short time of the annual meeting, too late to hold a term of school and make return of it in the annual report. The number of districts having six months or more of school is steadily increasing. Of this class there were 152 more in 1880 than in the preceding year; 1,394 in all. .

THE RELATIVE NUMBER OF MALE AND FEMALE TEACHERS has changed slightly during the two years; the proportion ·of female teachers

REPORT OF

SUPER! 'TENDENT· OF PUBLIC INSTR UCTION.

'l' EfB

bein g so mewh at increased. The relative an10unt of teaching done by each sex in 1880 remains about the same .

MAL E

It will be observed that neither of the appo r t ionmen ts mad e in 1880 are jucluded in the abo ve ex hibit. The reports made by t he coun ty supe rin tenden t s include onl y .t ran saction s up to t he first Monday of April i n each year; and the apportionments are made in Ju ne a nd D ecember .

The amount app ortioned by t he State Superin tenden t in J nne, 1880, was $ ; in D ecem ber ; maki ng a to t al of $ · dist ributed from t he State fun d in t880, being an increase over 1879 of $ The averag·e rate in 1880 was $ fo r each person enroll ed on census.

.

TEACH ERS' WAGES. AVERAGE WAGES OF

15

TEACHERS increased $ 2.87 p er m ou t h in

18 ~0 ovet' 1879; but the average monthly wages of femal es re-

mamed th e sa me durin g the two years.

SCEIOOL PROPERTY. T~e estimated value of all school property in the state, not ·includlD g lands belong ing to the permanent school fund, or indeed any part of that fund, \Vas in 1880 $2,064,768.32; this is a n increase of $254,680.05 over the estimate of 1879, and of $259,304.

66 over that of 1878 .

A.PPORTIONMENT

OF

STA.T(J; FUNDS.

~-he amount apportioned by the State Superin tenden t i n y ea r

:~o~ng April, 1879, was $205,622.50, and in year ending 1880 was "' •408 -30. In the fo r m er of these years the state apportion :oe~n! _was increased by fines, licen ses, e tc., in the counties to $224,o. o, and $219,739.99 in year end ing April, 1 880 .

The several s urns t 11us apportiO · ned from S tate were d e n· ved as ~ ll J.O

OWS:

Y ear endin2' April,. . . . . . . . 1879 Interest on ~ d unpaid principal of school 1 an s . ... · ··· $51 ~ , 24 L ease of school l~~d~ ... ,9o2 .

It ·· ··· · ·· · ......... 39,219 . 12 on state and coun ty bonds . ..... 35,651 .38 Pn1_. eretst 1 tva e oans ..

Stat h · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . . . 1,126. 26 esc_ oo1 t ax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,381. 7 3 Oth er sources .

A .. · · · · · · · · · · · · · .... . ....

267.77 A~~~a~e rate ver pupil was . . . . . . . . . . . . .l. 97 ltwn s made in the counties 18 983 15 Total a · ···· ···· ' · pportionme~t in two years . . ....... . ...... .

. . ... . . . . . . . . . .

1 8 80 $39,084 . 8 1 52,202 .61 38,988.75 3,743.. 38 7 3 ,808 .37 911.38 1. 68 11,331.69 444,345.64

INDEBTEDNESS. The aggrega te am ount of di strict. indeb tedn ess was d iminished fro m 1879 by $18,951.72, leaving a total indebted ness April 1, 1880 , of $1,008,799.28. Of t his amount about $3!55,000 was floating indebtedness and $658,729.28 bonded. A s the cash in hands of co unt,y and dist rict treasurers April 1, 1880, was about t he same as the flo ating indeb tedness, the t otal bonded in debted ness g iven above gives su bstantially th e· total indebted ness of all the districts.

COMPENSATION OF COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. In 1879 the aggregate compensation of fifty -six Superintendents was $24,732.13, an average of $442.54 for each officer ; in 1880 the total com pensation of 52 was $24, 24:8.40, an average of $466.32.

There are no public officers who do so much valuable work for the com munity fo l' such a sm all compensation. For it must be conceded by every fair-minded m an acq uai nted with t he work of th e county Superi nt end ents, that on the whole they are an intelligent, laborious, and useful body of publi c ser van ts. In efficiency in the discharge of their duties they are gradually improving. The g reatest dr~wback to the rapidi ty of this improvement is the eircumstance that some of the bes t of these officers are constantly resigning .

]6

REPORT OF 'I'HE

EDUOATION ,lL IMPROVEMENT.

This is conditioned by the zeal, fidelity, and s kill of teachers.

No device of law or skill in supervision can render skillful teaching unnecessary. Then we must provide mQre fully for the better training of teachers. Agencies for this purpose a re already provided; they must be extended and made more efiec ti ve . There are four tolerably distinct classes of teach ers employed in our public schools. First, there are the principals or p r ofessional teach ers, who, if not graduates of colleges or univet·si ties, are at least well educated, and who devote themsel ves to teachin g and supervising schools as a life work. Second, college or un iversi ty g raduates, who, without intendin g to purs ue the busin ess of teaching permanently, teach for a number of years, usually in the hig her departments of the village or city schools. Third, norm al school gradua~es, who occupy places in the g raded schools a nd the best places m the country schools. .Fourth, the great body of teachers of lower graded and ungraded schools. These classes a r e not sharply distinct but blend one into a nother at the limits ; and some ~embers of the second and third in time w ork th ei r way into the first, and some of the fourth class by study and expe rien ce come to stand on an equality with those of the third class. Any comprehensive scheme for improving the qualifications of our. teachers must take all these classes into account and provide for each.

Let us briefly consider how far this is now done, a nd h ow the ag . enCles we now employ may be made m or e effective.

THE COUNTY 'l'EAOHERS' I NSTITUTE .

Th is is a gathering of teachers for mutual conference over their :"o rk; tor the study of the various problem s that continually a t·ise 1 ~ school management; and for the discussion of education al q uestwns relating to ways and means of instruction , These meetings usually last from two to :five days. The usefulness of such meetings lies not so much in the formal instruction given as in the zeal t hey stim\1late, the inspiration they furnish, and t he natural enthusiasm derived from the presence of a number of persons engaged in the same employment. When such

SUPERINTE N DE

~T

OF PUBLIC I NSTRUCTI ON.

17

meetin gs a r e judici ou s ly man?-ged, the yon nger teachers may derive g r ea t a dvantage from t h e h ints a nd sugg e stions of the o ld er a nd more e xp e r ien ced . Wh e n such ga he rings degenerat e into debat i ng clubs, where a ll sorts of irre]evant quest i o n s are wrangled over, or when th ey a re made a bri ef ter m of sch ool in wh ich the tim e is occupied i n weak attempts at teachi ng the d iffer e nt co m ~ m on sch ool branches, or flimsy att empts at h earing recita ti ~ ns that ar e never prep ared, t h eir u sefuln ess is g r eatly i mpa ired, i f n o t en tirely d esti·oyed.

When pro p erly m anaged, these ins t i t utes becom e the mea n s of exer ti ng a g ood i nflue n ce o n the commu n i ty wh e re t hey ar e held, by calling ::ttten t io n t o the nature of t he work, t h e n ecessi ty of parental co-operat ion , a nd showing the s u staining effect of a h e althy public sentiment.

E x p eri ence of many y ears in nearly all the Sta tes h as demonstrated the value of these meetings, and as th ings now are, there i s no other means of reaching t he great body of teacher s now e mployed i n our sch ools.

CO UN'.rY A ND DISTRICT N ORJ\'[ AL INSTIT UTES .

To allow tim e for mo re for m al i ns t r uctivn t han a n in stitute of four days ea n g i ve, norm a l institu tes, as t h ey are common ly called, lasting fi·om two to six w eek s, h a ve becom e quite common in the West. About t hirty -five of such mee t in gs were h eld in Nebraska d Ul'l·n bo- 1879 a n d 1880 . The firs t h eld in the State was a t Lin coln, in 1872, and for several y ears b u t two o t· t hree a year were found ·~ctica ble .

Nineteen we re held in 1880, showing a great change f~r the b etter in the pop ul a r estim a te of utilit y _of such meetings .

Usually, some well-known a~d skilled teach er i s _employed to conduct these institutes ; someti mes the conductor 1s the cou nty s n p er ipte ndent. As many other teachers ~s. m ay. be n ecessa ry are pro Yid ed. The expenses are paid by a tmt1~n fe~ charged u pon th ose who attend . Th e util ity of these meetmgs IS b eyond questheir popularity is steadily increasing, and the State should t.

100 ' provision for their ' m ake maintenance. ~he ch'1ef d'ffi 1 cu 1ty now in tbeir way is that of securi ng necessa ry funds _to defra;y expenses; and partly depend ent tlpon thi s, the difficulty m secu_rmg t he s~r­ vices of persons competent t o conduct them or to dtrect the m 2

I

18

REPORT OF THE

struction. At the normal i nstitn tes of 1 880, as will be seen by reference to the summary r eports of these meetin gs, on page and onwa rd s, a tuition fee of from one t.o five dollars w as charged, and even then in so me insta nces left th e superintendent to pay something additio nal. To cond uct them r equires t he Li g h e:;t order of teaching tale nt, and s uch talent must b e p aid fo r o r it i s not to be had.

The legislature sho uld make provis ion for th ese u o rm a l institutes, either by appropriating a round s um of mon ey for the payment of expenses, or by authorizing the county superintenden ts to chaJ·ge a fee for examination, and h ave this fee set apart to form an institute fund. Or both these plans might be combined. About 3,000 teachers are examined yearly. One dollar apiece wonld give $3,000, to which the State could well afford to add $3,000 more, which would give an institute fund of $6,000-about $ 100 on the average to each county. There is no way iu which the State could apprQpriate $3,000 to better ad van ta.o-e, educationally, than this.

Should the State make such provisio~ it wou ld be judicious to provide that persons paid for institute ~ork by the State, should hold a license from the State Superintendent on the same ground that teachers p aid by the Sta te must have ce~tificates. . In this connection, it is proper to advert to the rel ation of the State Superintendent to in s titutes. A fe\·V years ago, when the number of normal institutes was but three or four a year, and ~ounty instit utes much less numerous th a n now, it was possible for the Superintende nt to g ive personal attention to nearly all of these meetin g s. Previous to the time wh e n the office came into my_hands, a clerk was e mploy ed in th e office, which gave the Superm tend ent more liberty . Dnring the l as t four years, however, no c~erk _bei ng allowed, when the Superintendent was absen t attend i ng mstitutes the office bad to be closed till his r et urn . This cre ate ~ embarrassment in many ways. l>erson s coming on busin ess With the school department found the office closed, a nd were disap pointed. In many cases, important letters had to lie unanswered till the Superintenden t's return. Thou o-h dnrino- the last f · n 5 our years I h ave spe nt at least half my time attending institutes, I h a ve done much l ess in this way than has been expected and desired. It is respectfully suggested that in fn ture the Su perin ten-

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC I NSTRUCTION.

19

d ent should either be exempted from the legal requirement of doing institute work, or be allowed an assistant. The r egnlar office work is now as mneh as can be done well b,y one m a o, and there ought to be some one in the office all the time to attend to the necessary business. Nothing short of this will m eet the just demands of the future .

Thi s agency for the improvement of teachers has steadily g1·own in extent and efficiency. E ach ret urning year sees a larger number held, and a higher class of work done in them. As an indication of the scope and character of the work done at these meetings a condensed report of each, as far as attainable, is given below under the following heads : (a) Length of Session; (b) Enrollment; (c) Name of Conductor; (d) Names of Instructo rs; (e) Branches in which instruction was g i ven; (.f) Lecturers; (g) Expenditures; (1~) How expenses were raised.

WAHOO, SAUNDERS CO., JULY

21, 1879.

(a) Four weeks; (b) 76; (c) J . A. Smith, Co. Supt.; (d) Ron . J. M. McKenzie, Pl'Of. F. L . Snodgrass, A . W . Vandeman, Dr. R. C urry, C. E . Smith; J . 0. Sturtevant, Mrs. J . J. Burtch, Mrs. Fern L. Pierce, apd Miss E. H . Rose; (e) Didactics, Arithmetic Grammar, Reading, Physiology, Geography, Drawing, U. s.' His~ tory, and Orthograph,y, the first fi ve receiving the chief attention; (/) Dr. Curry, on " Speci!ll Education" and "Professional Education;" Chan . Fairfield," Thirty-three Days in Rome,"" A Winter in Italy," and "A Visit to the Pyramids;" Dr. A . S. V. Mansfelde, "Mind : its Anatomy, Physiology, and Education;" Rev. John Grey, "The Teacher;" (g) $162.45; (h) By a tuition tee of $2.

SECOND SESSION, WAIIOO,

1880.

(a) Three weeks; (b) 137; (c) Oo. Supt., J. A. Smith; (d) Ron. J. M. McKenzie, Prof. D . E. Reese, A. W. Vandeman, G. G. Sill, C. E. Smith, Mrs. J. J. Burtch, Miss Jessie Stocking, and Miss Emma Simms; (e) Grammar, Arithmetic, Didactics,· Physiology, Elocution, U.S. History, Botany, and Vocal Music; (f) Hon. J. M. McKenzie, "The Teacher in History;" Dr. R. Otirry, ''Man's

20

REPORT OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF POBLIC INSTRUCTION.

Relative Position in the Scale of Being;" Roo. S . R . Th o mpson r State Sup't., " Wh a t the No rm an C o nquest did for t h e English Language ;" R ev. John Gray, "The Influence of_ Woman upon Literature·" Chancellor Fairfield, '' The Mystenes of P ychology," and 7" The Alps and the Rhine;" (g) $173; (h) A t uition fee of $2 from each teacher 1n attendance.

O'IOE CO U NTY , AT SYRACUSE, AUG .

9, _1 8 80 .

(a) Two weeks; (b) 63; (c) J. C. Boyd, Co. Sup't;. (d ) Dr. R. Curry Mrs. J ennie Cnrrv M iss Alice Emerson; a ll ot State Normal School; (e) The co~7mon branches and Astronomy,_ Philosophy, School E conomy , Theory and Practice of Teachm g ; (/} Ron. J. M. McKenzie an d Dr. Curry; (g) Not g iven ; (h) By teachers present.

JUNIATA, ADAMS COUNTY, AUG.

2, 1880.

CLAY COUNTY-AT BOTTON, .JULY

State Superintendent; (e) The common and Geometry , Philosophy, A lgebra, Physiology, Drawing, and Theory and Practice of Teaching; (.f) State Superintendent Thompson, "Some Peculiarities of the English Languag e," and " The Oldest System of Education and the Newest;" (g) $78.25; .(h) By teachers and Co. Supe_rintendent.

KEARNEY, BUFFALO COUNTY, AUG .

16, 1880 .

(a ) Two weeks ; (b) 38; (c) Co . Sup't., J . T . Ma1lalieu; (d, e) G. W . Hartman, History; P . N . Hartzell, Arithmetic; A . H . Edwards, Gra mmar; .B. P . Craig, Geography; H . W . Vance, Physiology; J. E . Gillespie, Heading; (/) Rev. G . Gussman, "Teaching;" J. T. Ma1lalieu, "Essential Qualifications;" (g) $32; (h} By a tuition, fee of $1. At this institute a primary department was organized under management of Miss Fannie Nevins. In this, classes were taught by the younger teachers for p r actice.

14, 1879.

(a) T hree weeks; (b) 22; (c) Prof. E. A . · Haight; (d) Prof. 0. (e) In branches r equired for second-grade certificates; (/) Chan. Fairfield, two L ectures; Rev. E. Thompson," Different Forms of Go vernment," "Th e Atmosphere of the Earth," and "Mistakes of Bob Ingersoll ;" (g) About $100 .00; (h) By teachers, $40 .00; by Co. Supt't., $30.00; and $ 30.00 derived from proceeds of lectures.

c. Hubbel;

CLA.Y COUN'l'Y-

AT EDGAR, AUG .

16, 1880.

(a) Two weeks; (b) 70; (c) Prof. 0. C. Hubbel; (d) Wm. Walters -and A. A . Randall; (e) Branches r equired forsecond-grade certificates; (f) R ev. L. B . Fifield, " The Common School Teacher;" (g) $"78.50; (h) By a tuition fee paid by teachers in attenda nce.

W .A S HI rGTON CO U N'l'Y-

(a) Two weeks; (b) 72; (c) Prof. Hubbel; (d ) W. Picking, C. J . D avis; Co. Sup' t., L. A. McFadden, Prof. W. E. Wilso n, a nd the

21

A 'l' BLA.IR 7 A UG .

9, 187!).

(a) Four weeks; (b) 66; (c) ?o. Sup' t ., ~- ~-Jo n es ; (d ) Prof.

W . E. Wilson, Mrs. Fannie O'L1?n, an d M1ss E. C. Morgan.

WASEIINGTON COONTY-

A.'l' B LA.IR 7 AUG .

9, 1880 .

(a) T wo weeks; (b) 47; (c) W . V . Miller, Co. S up 't .; (d) T. D . . ks Mrs. F anni e O ' Linn, a nd Thompson Compton; (e) The B roo ' .

Blackboar d d rawmg, an d s·mgc ommon, and S chool M anao-ement, "' in g.

J EF FIBR.SON COUNTY-

A T FAIRBURY, AUG .

18 79.

(a) Three weeks; (b) 28 ; (c) W . S. Swain; (d) .. (e) The common branches, History, and Theory and Practice of T eaching; (/) Chas. Letton, "True Edncation ;" E. B . Cowles, 0 o. S up 't ., "Sc!1 ool L ,-1 ws·" , B · Georo·e o ' "Teachers;" B. S. Bak er, .

"Man and Whither are we Drifting; " (q) $55.00; (h) By a t mtion charge of $2.50 on members.

22

SU PERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC IN STRUCTION • •

REPORT ( • F TilE

l'.A.WNEE COUNTY, JULY

Of $95 raised by a tuition fee of $2 $79.95 was paid for ex12enses of instruction, a nd $15.05 to T each er's Librar:y.

19, 1880 .

(a) Three weeks; (b) 50; ~ (c) Co. Supt., 0. D. Howe; (d) Prof, A. K. Gowdy; V. M . Babbitt; Hon : J . M . McKenzie, Prof. A. R. Wightman; (e) The common branches, Vocal Music, Drawinl7 Botany, Algebra, and Geometry; (f) Hon . J . M. McKenzi~: " T eaching in Different Ages of the ~ World;" Dr. J . I. Byrne "Electricity " and "The Telephone and Chemical An alysis · " (g) $80.00; (h) By a tuition charge of $2.00 npon each m e mber.

CABS COU N TY-AT l:'L.A.TTSMO Tl:!, JULY,

18 0.

(a) Four weeks; (b) 45; (c) Prof. J. W . Love; (d) Mrs . J . W. Love; (e) The common, and Physiology, Dra wing, Bota n y, Philosophy, Algebra, Geometry; (f) Rev. D . Murphy, "The Eye;" Prof. C. D. Wilber "The Star of Em1)ire ·" Prof. L eig h Runt "w . the Profession;" ' . oman m Prof. Geo. E.' Howard, "Education' 10 Germany and ~ America;" (g) $100; (h) By a tuition rate on those attending.

THAYER COUNTY -

AT HEBRON, JULY

18, 1879 .

B ~ Four weeks; (b) 55; (c) J . P. Sprecher, Co. Sup't.; (d) B . F . ud ngto~; (e) Common branches, History, Geometry, Theory an h Practice, Drawing, Physiology, A lgebra, Botany, and Philos?P Y; (f) Miles Zentmeyer, "The Teacher's M oral Responsibil;'~ D~ D. ?~ambers," The Teacher's Prepa ration;" (g) $ 142.40; <. ) Y tmt10n rate of $2 per member. The Superintendent's time was p a1· d ~or b y t h e county; $22.60, collected and n o t used .!'

• • wr Institute e X]Jenses, was turned ov~r to Teacher's Library. .

1i

COLFAX COUN'l'Y-.A.'l' SCHUYLER, AU G .

16, 1880.

(a) Four weeks .; (b) 5n; (c) J.P. Sprecher Co. Supt.· (d) J.P. Sprecher ' B • 0 · D · R a k estraw, W . W. Wells, Mrs. McDo 'u gal, Mrs. t' alJou, P .. F . Sprecher; (e) Common branches, Theory and PraclCe, Physwlogy, Philosophy, Algebra, Geometry, Drawino- His· tory; ( f) non e reported; (g) $139.95; (h) Paid by co1mt~,', $60.

12, 1880.

(a) Four weeks; (b) 43; (c) D. S. Dusenbe rry ; (d ) D . S. Dusenberry, .Mrs. C. 0 . Burke, Wm. Stry ker~ F. J. Hendershot ; (e) The common branches, History, Physiology, .Methods of T eaching, Drawing, and Book-keeping; (f) E. .M. Carroll, on "Cosmogony;" (g) Not given; (h) A tuition r ate of $5 paid by lll embers.

YORK COUNTY-AT YORK , AUG. 23, 1880.

(a) Two weeks; (b) 72; (c) Co. Sup't., E. E. A rm or; (d) Prof.

R oe .M. Bridges, Prof. W. H. Town se nd; (e) Common branches, U. S. History, Didactics, and Physiology; (f ) R ev. L. B. Fifield, "Our Common Schools;" Chancellor Fairfield, "A Visit to Egypt;" Prof. Bridges, "The Great Cen t ury;" (g) $100; (h) P aid by teacher;; present $80 ; by County Supt. $20.

DOUGLAS COUN'l'Y-OMAHA, AU GUST

COI..:F'AX COUNTY, SCHUYLER, AUG .

23

18, 1879.

(a) T wo weeks; (b) 49; (c) J. J. Points, county superintendent. (d) Prof. H . H . Nicholson, J. B. Bruner, R. L. Livingstou, G. H..

Rathbun, Mrs. 0. 0 . Dinsmore, and the State Superintende nt; (e) branches required for a second-grade certificate; (g) $7 .50; (h) by voluntary contribution .

DOUGLAS COUNTY-

OMAHA, AUGUST

16, 1880 .

(a ) T wo weeks ; (b) 4~ ; (c) J . J. Points; (d) G . R. R athbun, 0 . P . Van Inwegan , .Mrs. 0. C. Dinsmore, L. H. Sanger, J. T .

Ran so m, Eldredge Messenger; (e) branches required for secondg rade certificate; (g)' $7.00; (h) by voluntary coutributions.

MADISON COUNTY--AT NORFOLK, AUGUST

2, 1880.

(a) Three weeks; (b) 35; (c) county superin te nd en t, J . B. H .

Sullivan; (d) T . J. Hunt, J . H. Ready, Miss B eals, and t he Sta te

24

SUPERINTENDJ<: NT O F

REPORT OF THB

Supc:·in tendent; (e) the commo n bran ches, al g ebra, g e o metry phy s1ology, botany, <Lnd phil osop hy ; ( f ) t he Sta te S up e rin te ndent · (g) $11; (h) paid by volun ta17 contri bntion s of teac iJCI'S. '

PUBLIC INSTRU CTION.

25

Histor_y, Physiology, Vocal Music; (f) not g i ven ; (q) $55 .00; (h) Tuition fee of $1.50 for each member.

TEIE STATE NORMAL SCHOO L.

F' lLLMO Rb; COU - T Y -

2 3, 1 8::5 U.

A 'r GI!:NE \ ' A , AUG UST

(a) T wo weeks ; (b) 52; (c) co nnty s np c ri nte nd e n t , J . B . L e wis· (d) M:s. C. 0. Burke, H. L. Supenntendent ; (e) co m mon ogy? theory and pract ice; (.f) penoteodent; (g) $61.60; (h)

Caldwell , C . L. Fo r t , an d t he State branch es ' his t Ol'.)' ' d ra w i n .:-, o· p h y siolRev. L. B . Fifie ld a.nd t h e S ta t e Suby tuitio n fee fr o m me mb e r ' .

FR A. KLTN, H A l LA N, AND K EAR

i!: Y COUN 'l' l i!:S-A T BLUOJ\l[ NOT ON ,

AUGU T,

1880.

S (a) !wo weeks; (b) 51; (c) R. F. M iller; (d ) J. A . Piper, Co unty upermtendent of H arl an county Howa rd C al d \ ell M M R nl leek W .' ' · · "' . ' m. H ar t, the State Supermten dcn t ; (e) bra nches r e quired Prof. C. D . ·w i l be r l .Ron ' D. ~ R' for 'tsecond-grade cer tificate ·, (f) .

Wl z.er, ~nd the S tate S up erintend en t ; (g) $1 6; (h) by volun t ary contnbutwns.

s

LANCASTER CO UN TY-A T L I NCOL N , AUG

ST

17, 1 88 0 .

(a) T wo w_eeks ; (b) 68 , (c) C oun ty Snperi n te nde 11t H. S . Bowers ; (d) Prot. W. W. W. Jones, Prof. W . E. Wilson , M iss E. C .

Morg~n, Miss Josie Dowden, Mi ss E lsie DeCou; (e) M e t h ods of T eachmg and Go vernm · g S c h oo1s, R ea d'1ng an d Elocut iO . n Ari t h. m e tiC '. Vocal ·Mu.s1c, · L anguage, Drawing . A m odel class ' for pri:na.r! m struction was for med, an d tau g h t in the prese nce of the m stitute . s t r ate d by . ' by Miss D ow d en,. O b'.J ect L essons were Illu ~Iss D eCou; (f) Prof. W. E. Wil son , "Cultivation ot: Waste l~c~s ;" Prof. C. D. Wilber, "The Star of Empi re;" R ev . A. C .

Willia ms, ''A Glimpse of the Soul;" R ev. L. B. Fifield, "The Common-School Teacher ."

BURT CO UNTY-

AT TEK A.M AH , AUGuST

23, 1 8 80.

(a) T wo week s ; (b) 38 ; (c) County Superintendent G . G . Gates; (d) Mrs. F . O'Linn, C. F. Secord ; (e) The common branches, U.S.

Another agency for the training of teachers is the norm al school.

This is simply an extended nor mal institute. All the bes t points of the institute may be intensified in the normal school. That not all normal schools have realized the highest ideal of a t raining school for teachers, is not the fault of the plan but vf the indi vidual managers, who h ave failed to do the best possible wi th the agencies put uncle!' their control. Nebraska is fortuna te in having one of the best normal schools in the U n ited States. This statement is made deliberately, and after a carefnl study of the schools of other States. The firm, consistent manage me nt , the extended and liberal conrse of study, extending t hrough fise years, the zeal and abil ity of its teachers, the industry and en thu s iasm of its pupils, render our norm al school an institution of which every intelligent fri end of education in the State may well be ·proud.

The criticisms that are occasionally made upon i t a re generally baseless. One objection is, that pupils ar e admi t ted t oo young.

It is a Htet that neal'ly if not quite all admitted could obtain th irdgrade certificates from the county superintendent. Surely , if a person is old eno ugh to get a li ~ense to t_ea~h'. he is old enoug h to be instructed in the ar t of teachmg. Tlns IS Just the age when the teachel' needs normal school training most. So far as the in te res t of the State is concerned, nothing would be gained and so mething lost by raising to any consid_e rable extent the standard of adm ission to the normal school. .A_o·ain it 'is urged th at the normal should be a purely p rofessional scho~l , i~ which -~nly the theory and practice of ed ucati on sho uld be tau o·ht, that a.ll scholastic training should be excluded from the co urse0 of study. This is a favorite scheme of a ce rtai n kind of theorizers, and about as impract ica ble as can well be im agined.

In th e first place such a school could not find pupils and would not be sustained.

The only schools that approxi mate even to thi s plan are t he city normal school s ; but the circums tances of these schools are entirely different from the state normal schools. The pupils of the city

26

REPORT OF THE

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIO I NSTRUCTION .

normal schools have usually had high scl10ol training iu the same city; they live at home, and are looking forward t o employment as teachers in the city schools. As a 'course in the norm a l school is the sure road to employment in the city schools, the induce ment to attend is ample. But the pupils of the st ate normal schools a re largely from the country districts where high school o t· academical privileges are not found; and experience shows that pupils of t his class will not go to one sch ool for academic in struct i on and then to another for the study of theorJ and practice. Whc:n t hey become accustomed to a school a nd at horne in it, they ar e di sp o sed to remain there till they fini sh their school tt·aining. To secu re both scholastic and professional t raining for such teachers , we must furni sh both in the same school, a nd this is just what all the state normal schools find it necessa ry to do. It is true the M ichigan state normal is tryin g an experiment in another directi o n, but it has not yet passed th e experimental stage.

But there are other objections to the scheme of making no r mal schools "purely professional schools," obj ections found e d on the nature and conditions of their work. . A lar~e p~rt of t~e "professional" work of a normal school pupll conststs m learmng ho\v to 'teach the various branches. The best time to do thi s is wh en the pupil is learning the branches t hemselves. When he is lea rnin g arithmetic he should lea rn how to teach it. The fact that some deep scholars are poor teachers s~ows that what bas been called "a teaching knowledge" of a given branch of learn ing is something different from a knowledo-e of the subject matter. This "teaching knowledge" cannot w:n ~e learned ~p~rt f~om the subject m atter. As soon as a pupil who s ~nder ~ra:mng for a teacher is old enough t o reflect on the operatiOns of h1s o wn mm · d , an d 1n · some measure to observe hi s own mental operations, he should be trained in the art of impart inoknow~edge to others. A whole body of ins t ructi on on method s teach~ng the ?iff'erent branches cannot profitably be given apart fro~ m sti:u ctwn in t he branches themselves. When given in conne?t~on wtth scholastic lea rnin g, the methods of imparting and acqumng knowledge become firmly associ ated with the branches learned, so that in fnture teaching the one will help r ecall the oth er.

of

27

It is further objected to norm al schools th at not all their graduates are successful. Why should we expect them to be? Are all the graduates of law schools successful lawyers ~ Are there not failures among the grad nates of medical a nd theological schools?

• Does any one decry these great special schools at Yale a nd Harvard and Ann Arbor because some of their graduates a re failures professionally, or turn fi·om the profession in which they have been educated, to pursue some other~ Why should a normal school be judged by a different rule~ It is not within the limits of reasonable expectation that every one trained in a normal sehoul sho uld become a successful teacher. It is a fact su;;ceptible of proof that ( the great bulk of our normal school grad nates a re ex cell en t teach ers, and they may be fouud throughout the S tate occupying responsible positions in every kind of educati onal in stitution, fro m the State University clown to the primary school; iu the nor mal school itself; in our denominational colleges, and elsewhere. That a few have tailed in teaching is no r eason for decrying the merits of the vastly larger number, who form a body of earnest, enthusiastic, wide-awake, and progressive teachers .

Still further, it is not fair to measure the usefulness of a normal school entirely by the graduates it sends out, without taking into account the much larger number of teachers who attend the normal school one or more years, but who do not stay long enough to graduate. Trained as they are, from their entrance into the school till they leave it, in the methods and principles of school teaching and management, they form a la rge body of excellent teachers, and do the State essential service.

The State can well afford to support our excellent normal school.

It is to be hoped that the time is not far distant when at least two more normal schools can be established, one in the north and another in the west. The l'apid extension of our school territory north-west and west, calls for snch extension of normal scbvol facilities at the earliest day practicable.

When the school at Peru was first esta blished, it was favorably situated to accommodate the heaviest settled portion of the S tate; but the rapid extension of settlement in the last ten years, has e ntirely changed this, leaving this school near one coruer of the State. Should additional normal schools be established, it would

28

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION .

REPORT OF THE

not be necessary to pro~id~ in them as extensive courses of study as the present school. furn~shes . They might be excln ively devoted to the preparatiOn of teachers for lower grade a nd u11graded country schools. One school for the train ing of the bi ()"her class ~f ~e~~hers will be amply sufficient, but we need more 0 exte nded famh tles for th e lower g rades .

If we are to have bnt one school, that one shonld have a cour e o.f st~dy suffici ently extended to qualify its g raduates for :my posi~Ion m the public schools of the State; and th is is what o nr existmg normal school ass um es to do.

CONVENTIONS OF COUNTY

U P.E RINTEN DENT .

Two meetings of this kind wet·e held in 1880 : one at Linco'n January 27th , and th eo th e1• at w Isner · ' ~he follow 1 Jlcr week l 1n ~he convention at Lincoln organized by electi 11 ()" 0 S njJt J P omts f D 1 n · · · 0 N ' oug as cou nty, chairm an ;· Supt. Philip Orother of emaha, secretary; and Snpt. Lu cy A . McFadden of Adam count · ' < . ~' assistant secretary. The attendance was lar()"e th d iscusswns m te t' d o ' • . 1 res 10 g an able, and the result no doubt h igh ly b nefi cra to all who took part. .

Carefully-pre d d · pare an s uggestive paper s were r ead bv the fol l .

OWing superintende n t s ·· J . A . s m1t · h , ot· San nders· on '·The .. .

Su~henMntendent's Relation to the N orma l In stitu tes 'and Hints for e ' anagement of tb e Sarne,·" b.Y I · D . N ewell , ot. Clay county · "C . onventwns of School Officers ·" J D M · f' . . , . . esse ogm' o S ewa rd count "H h . yB, . ow to ass1st Schoo l Boards in the Management of t elrC nstness ·" . ~ ' bY J · J · P Olnts, o f D ono-las, " A Course of Study JOr ountry Scho ] ·" b J B L . "'uf Fillm o r e, "The Evils 0 s, A . .

Y · . ewis, f'nJsmg from a Di versity of Text-Books ;" by G cor .re B. Foster o ohnson countv .

• , "H ow th e W or k o f the Coun tyo Superintend 'e~t m ay be made more Useful and Po1;mla1" " by Ph ilip Orother of N e maha . . ' more Full and Co rrect' . ' " Th e Mea ns of Ob tamwg R eports from D istrict Officers." ~ regr~t that the li~nits of this report wi ll not a llow the p n bli catwn of the p roceedmgs of these m ee tin ()"s in full. As :it :i s but a part can be given . '"" ' The following is a n extract from the paper of Supt. J. A . Smith on" Teachers' In sti tutes and their Managemen t ": 1

•

,

J

29

"The institute question h as been pretty thorough ly tested by the leadin g ed ucators of the day . F irst an instit ute of three or four days' session was tri ed, but fo und to be too short for any practical use. Next the session was prolouged to a f uli week, but still found to be too short to do the work necessa ry for the occasion. The work of the institutes thus far had been confined almost exclusi vely to what were termed 'Model R ecitations.'

But about this ti me it was fo und that the institute which gave the best resnlt, and which proved most satisfactory, was not the institute of model recitation alo ne, but the institution of model instruction as welL I t was then wisely decided that the. institute, to do the most good for the least outlay, must assume the ch aracter of a normal school and prolong its session at least three, and better six, weeks. As the law bas decided that the Superintendent must bold institu tes, and as heads wiser than ou rs have decided that the Nor mal In stitute will return the largest amo unt of reven ue for the outlay , and as Webster defines the word relation to be ' any sor t of con nection between two or more thin gs,' we can but decide that the Superintendent' s relation to theNormal In stitute is of so close a ch aracter as to warrant his fostering it in preference to all other kinds or classes of institutes, to warrant him in throwing his whole influ ence and the whole strength of his organized corps of teachers into one judiciously arranged and harmonio usly worked N or rnal Institute each year. We now come to consider the second part of our sub j ect, viz. : ' Hints tor the Management of Normal Institutes.'

And now, after broachi ng this part of the subject, we feel like retiring and giving place to one of more experience, yet there is a truthful saying. that 'He who does the best he can does well.'

And with thi s end in view we proceed. " The tirst thing necessary to in sure a successful Normal Institute is a corps of teachers who are able to work and willing to study; who have passed that station on the road to kno,vledge a t which so many teachers are accustomed to stop and say by t heir actions, if not words : ' I have now learned all th at is worth knowing.' And I pres ume there is not a Superin tendent present who does not think he bas as good a corps of teachers as can be found in any county in the State. I feel confident that I have som e as

'

30

R EPORT OF THE

good teachers as can be found in the Sta te. I am al so c n fi.d ent that there is ma terial enou g h in a ny of t h e c u nties in t he eastern part of t he State a t lo3ast to carry to a s n ·cess fnl termin ation a Normal Institute. T he next r equisi t e w hi ch th e Superintendent must p ossess is the i mplici t co ntid e n cc of his teachers in his ability to organize and carry th ro u cr h a No rm al Institute. The Superintendent can bes t a tta i n t hi s co nfid ence by proving his a bility to fill eve ry ot her r eq ni s i tc of hi s office successfully. He must at all tim es be fo und on t h e ide of right and justice, never allowin g him self to be influ e nced . to _do that which is not strictly in accordance with l a w a nd J ustlce for policy's sake; being impartial with all person s , who m soever they be, under similar circumstances. 'Study to kn o w thy duty, and be just to perform it,' is the command of Him who rules us all. The next things to be secured are a conductor and several assistant instructors of whose ability there is no question. He-the Superintendent-should then see that the Institute is thoroughly advertised and that the teachers are kept posted regarding the different steps taken by the Superintendent, whereby the working of the Institute will be perfected. An article of judicious length should appear in some one or more of the conn ty p apers each w eek for at least five or six weeks previous to the convening of t h e Ins titute, written by the Superintendent, advising the teache r s of what he is· doing and what he expects of them . The Superin tendent, in conjunction with tlie instructions, should agree upon a c o urse of study to be used, and the same should be followed a s clo sely as the circumstances will admi t. The Ins titute should be divid e d into two or three divisions, accord ing to the number in atte ndance.

This divi sion mnst be based on t he g rade of the ce r t ifica te, or upon the Snperintendent's knowledge of their ability a nd e xperience. Whe n the Institute convenes t he Superintende nt should assume the general management of it.

He should have his arrange ments so perfected as to admit of no interruption or delay in the work, but be able to begin opera tio n s as soon as one dozen teachers are present; he should ass ig n each one, upon a rriva l, to his proper divis ion, and the ins truct or should immedia tely assig n him his work. The Superintendent should engage a sufficient number of lecturers to have at leas t two,

SUPE RINT END ENT OF PUBLIC I NSTRUCT ION .

. tl1 an three, lectures each week. . These lectures b ut no t mo1e . . should be of a character in kee ping wi th the obJ ect of t~e mstitute. He should require his instructors to report to h1m each to the proficiency of the teachers, and to recomweek I·n 1-eo·ard h . . .

1 chan ba-e from one d1 vts10n to another th ong 1t men d t o h 1·m any < • best by them; he should also req uire the m to report to h1m at the close of the Ins titute wha t th ings have bee n b:st done an~ what things are most needed to improve the schools of his arranged, should be pubC oun t y. These reports ' when properly lished in the County paper. The conductor should have gen. 1 chara-e of the Iqstitute instmction. He should hear two or ma to • • 1 three classes himself, and see that the pro?r~mm~ IS stn.ct y carried out.. The assistants should be spemahsts m their work, which should be confined to two branches at mos t ; .they should be . practical in their instruction, and should reqmre accuracy of VeiY • • . th~ir pupils; they should require frequent wntten exammatwns, the result of which should be reported to the Conductor and Superintendent; they should dismiss their classes promptly on the call of the signal bell, and not allow one cl~ss to encroach upon the time of another. l would strongly advise that. there be some one appoi·nted or employed ' if need be, whose spec1al- duty wouldf be to a tt en d to the ringing· of the call-bell -for the movement o. urino- my Institute last Summer I attended to this cl asses. D to b d . lf b t found it to be too much of a burden to e un elroyse ,b uthe Superintendent 111 · addttwu · · 11 h d t " to a ot . er n ws d etake? volvmg yupon him necessary to the successful working N or mal Insti t ute. . . d 1 't "th · " I would also recommend some spHI te voca cu1 ure WI 1naniment as being a good s upplemen t to each strumenta1 accornp . da 's work in the Institute. " . · ·IS s u pt · Newel's paper on " Con ven twns of yThe followmg School Officers": · no wol·k m · which the employment of all t he .forces "There IS h . · "th I·s more imperatively dem anded than m t e connecte d th eieWl work of education. . of his position is made a leader 10 educa. t "lie wh o, b y vn ue ' .. "ll f: "l . . t d et does not comprehend tms tru th, WI ai twnal mteres s, au y h" The County Suto fully accomplish the work submitted to llll.

32

perintendent is expected to be a leader; and yet whatever hi s natural abilities, whatever the specific qualification s which fit him for his position, whatever his n ative force of character, he will fall in any attempt to drag after hilm an entire coun ty. H e can s ucceed only by influencing those asso ci ated with h i m in work to go with him intelli gently, cheerfully, and enth u sias tically . Th e greatest su ccess i s ins ured when among all engaged th er e is oneness of aim, thoroug h organization, a nd u ntiri ng efl:o rt. Row to secure t~ese t hr ee things is the burden of every thou g h tful Superintendent's meditation.

"Much a t tention is p aid by th e County Superintend ent to the teachin g force . The teacher is permitted t o enter up on hi s work onl y after acareful examina tion as to his knowledge of the br anch es and his ability to aid and direct others in the acquirement of lik~ knowledge.

"This examination is followed by a careful in spection of th work done in the school.room. To secure amo11 g teachers e intimate acquaintance with the branches and greater skill in mohre . . met ods, mst1tutes are prov1'd e d .

"To keep alive a professional interest aud to ind u ce sn ch search and thought as will give to the teacher b r ead t h an d fu~~~ ness, associatio ns are organized .

"In short, nothing is omitted that will a ugment t h e t ea 1 , ~ ._ 'l' fil l him with enthu siasm, an d I eave upon lu· s m in d the c )er wul 1ty , im-s press of a high i deal .

"But, saying nothinv at present of parents or guardians 1· t h S h ~ . ' s no t e c ool. Board an important factor ~n our school sys tem? Is there nothmg which can be done to mcrease the efficienc of S~hool Boards, enlist them in a cl oser and heartie r co - opera~ion With Superi ntendent and teachers? These are questio ns which t f ~ years ~ service in the Supe rin tenden'Cy have add ressed tbemsei-;es frequently, and with incre asin g emphasis to the mind of the wnter. . " I t is . no t inte nded, by anyth ing said in this paper, to reflect t~e slightest degree upon those composing our school-boards.

Servmg without pay, and subject to the adverse criticism of every grumbler in their respective districts, the writer has found them in the m ain, fa ithful to the extent of their ability in the discharg~ lll

33

SUPERI N T E NDENT OF J>UBLTO INSTRUCTION .

REPORT OF THE

of duty, and ready to listen to and prompt to act upon such suggestions as have from time to time been g iven . ''And yet we h azard th e opinion that there is no t a superi ntendent present who is not deeply impressed with th e feeli ng that much mi g ht be done, that much ought to be don e, to increase the efficiency of t he school boards in his own county. The onl y qu estion is, by what methods can this be best accomplish ed? Conference between the Superintendent a nd individn al members of each board wo uld wi thout doubt do something in this direction. B ut aside from the fact that this wo uld involve an extravagant u se of the Superintendent's time, th ere are other obvi ous obj ections to this plan. Conference with school boards as such would be a better pl an, and yet this would hardly cover all the ground and accomplish all to be desired. A convention of school officers, held at l east once a year in each county, experience has shown to yield the fuilest and most beneficial r es ults. Some of the benefits resulting from snch conventions may be briefly enumerated : "1. They will generate interest in educational m atter s wherever held. There is inspiration in numbers. It h as been said that ' Americans more t han any other p eople delight in con ventions·' and eertainl "v A merican s m or e than any other peoule ) comprehend the va lu e of eo nvenLions. Not only will a conv enti on awakeu in terest among those participating ther ein, but it will attract the attention of the public, exert a quickening, moulding influence upon the entire people of the county where it is h eld.

The writer has found b,y experi ence that, aside from other consideration s, institutes, associations, and convention s pay in this particul ar.

"2. They afford the Superintendent an opportunity to inst ruct the members. of School Boards in all that relates to the proper discharge of their specific duties. Many of those composing our School Boards are men of limited educational attainments.

Their knowledge of the school law is slight; they have but little experience in the keeping of records and accounts, and in the use of blanks. Hence their records are often defective, their accounts inaccurate, and their reports imperfect.

"3. These conventions will enable the Superintend ent to Jay before the School Boards in detail his (plans and aims and invite

.

•.)

• u

•

34

REPORT OF T HE

S UPERINTE ND E NT OF P UBLIC I N STRUCT ION .

t heir co-opera tio n. Singleness of a i m wi ll resu l t i n unity of action , and desired results will thns be mo re easily and rapi dly effected. " 'It is belie ved that i ndi rectly these convention s w i11 do m nch toward preventing those p etty j ealousies and bicke ri u gs among school officers, which have such a par alyzing i nfl.n ence u on th schools. As has before been said, give to the .Board sin gleness of aim and you secure unity of action. Besi des, as ·ompa r i so n is our stand ard of j ud gm en t, if yo u would lift a m an o n t of self and make him feel his own insignificance, enlarge the scope of his v ision and magnify the objects abou t hi m .

"From comparison of views, fro m a statem e n t o f diffic ulties encoun tered by his co-wo•·k ers i n the discha rg e of t h e ir d uties from t he plain, blunt-, p ractical suggestions m a d e by tho se not, perhaps, hi s equ al in ed ucational acquiremen ts, th e C o unty S uperintenden t may gather m uch th at will be of va lue to him. F o r in all his wisdom the Co unty Superin tend ent m a y not a ccount himself too wise to learn. " T he u sefulness of t hese conveu ti on a mus t d epe n d l a r gel y upon the skill of the Coun ty Superi n tendent in m a n ag in g th em . c; A few suggestion s will be offered in th is di rection : " 1. The time of holdin g them. A s a l a r ge p r opor tion of those composing our school boards are engaged i n ag ri c ul t u ral pu rs ui ts the ti me chosen sho ul d be such as will accomm od a t e t hi s c las s . " 2. The attendance. T he attend ance of ever y sch ool officer in the coun ty sh ould be aimed at, and n o p a in s s p ared t o secure this.

I n t he effor t to seeurc this it w ill n ot d o to d e p e nd simpl y u pon no_ti ces t hroug h the connty p a pers, nor y et to si mpl y no ti fy e a ch Dt rector , leaving him to notify t he othe r m e m b e r s of t he Board .

A specific not ice to each school officer in the co un ty s h ould b e issued, and, if possible, a pledge t o attend secu red in r e turn.

" 3. T Ae Progrctrnrne.-Let t h e Su peri n tend ent l ook w ell to this.

It is the pi vot upon which the con ventio n must swin cr toward .h 0 e1t er success or failure. H e who intru sts hi s progr a mme to bh e hand s of a com mittee will probably find ampl e t im e for r e pen tance. H avin g elaborated the prog r a mme l e t the S u p e r i nte ndent see t hat it is carried out, and be snre t h at t h e co nve nti on i s no t switched off u pon some un im por tant side-track.

•

35

"4. M ake tlwse Conventions intensely pmotioal. -Many instit utes, associf•tious, and con ven tions have th e life taken ou t of them by h uge gusts of wind . D o not perm it a so n of pr omise, the child of your - hopes, to be crushed under an avalanche of words.

"5. Make these Co,-wentions JJ1'0g7·essive.- Each one should be an ad vance upon i ts predecessor. · Like th e consecu tive chapter s of a book, whil e each :fills i ts ap prop riate place i t sho uld bear in timate relation to that wh ich p recedes and that which follows, while all taken too-ethe r should constitu te an i n teresting and prof::> itable volu me. " 6. L et tlte County Sup e1•intendent insist tl~at the j 1·uits of tl~e Con vention be not lost.-Every resolution wor t h adopting, every vote worth p assing, every pri nciple defined, should fo rm the basis of fut ure action i n the Convention. " T h us m ay we secu re among school officers more i n terest, m ore unity, and g reater efficiency." .

Superi n tenden t Messi nge r read a paper enti tled, "How to A ssist School B oards in the Tran saction of B usiness," as follows : " T o assist school boa rds in the transacti on of th eir hnsiness is an absol ute necessi ty on t he par t of the county superi ntendent. ''To t rust to school board s alone would lead to almost endless mistakes, an d render it q ui te impossible to u nravel t he mixed up busin ess that would come into the h and s of every superin tendent, in the form of reports a nd statements of various ki nds.

"How to r end er the m uch needed assistance the mos t effectually, is a q ues tion not easily answered. The average school board of Ne brask a, while genera.l ly com posed of men of good sense and j udg m ent on ordin ary affairs, a re not men who h ~ve been educa ted at our business coll eges, and have not an extensiVe k nowledge of busi ness tra nsactions, s till th ey are ap t to t hi n k 'they know ,' which u sually m akes i t a very diffi cult task to enlig hte n them i n t he 'way s ' of doing thei r busi ness . It requires considerable ~act a nd skill on t he part of the superi ntend ent to overcom e these difficul ties. It will not do fo r him to be plai n-spoken, and tell t hem th at they are wrong or that they don't know/ t hi s wou ld only increase hi s t ro ubles and dri ve them fu r ther away. H e m ust use a little coaxin g and flattery if he wo uld succeed.

36

R EPORT OF 1'f!E

" T here are many ways of rend e ri ng assistance, th o e nu meration of which is the obj ect of th is p aper. T he law d efin es t l1 e d n t i es of t he several d istrict officers, b u t does not g i ve t hem al l.)' i d ea of t he forms or system of d oing b ns iness. T he s u perintenden t s h ould supply them with som ethi ng of t his kind . I h ave f urni s h e d t hem wi th a printed circular , sen t ou t with the blank r e p orts j us t b ef ore the an n u al meetin g , g ivi ng in detail the business to be t ran sacted at such a meeting, a copy of which I have her e .

"The co u nty su peri ntend ents should a t times meet with their school board s, make a careful examination of their books and r ecords, p oint out mi stakes an d corr ect wh at is w r ollg, explai n car e fully each item of business, and h ow i t sh ould be d i sposed of. He should furn ish sch ool board s form s .for order s, peti t i ons, tax cer tificates, and reports, always exp lainin g . how t h ey a r e to be u sed , a nd man y tim es, if he will fill up a blan k o r t wo as a sam ple f o r t hem t o be g uided by, it will be of g rea t a ssi s t a nce t o th em . ' 'The super intendent, m an y t i m es whe n a di strict co mmences with a new set of 'distri ct records,' can g r eatly aid them by mak ing the first entries h i mself, for they w ill usually follow the f orm very carefully . " District m eetings are great h elps in the way of e n l i g hten i ng the people upon q uestion s of la w a n d d u ties both of offic ers and pa trons of schools. A famili ar l ect ure by t h e superi nte nd e nt u p on t h ese several items will d o m u ch to a rou se i nteres t, and inspi r e a confidence in him or{ the par t of all th e p eo p l e of the distri c t . If the superi ntendent is par t i cula r in a ll hi s b u si n ess w i t h the districts, insists upon school bo a rd s d oing t h eh · busi ness w ith him correctly a nd p romptly , he will i n a g reat m eas u r e s o o n e d ucat e them up to bet ter ways, a nd th us r ende r th e m effec t u a l a s s is tance."

T he following resol ution s were adop t ed at the meeting i n Lincoln: IN R EFERE NCE TO NORMA L INSTITUTES .

R esolved , 'F i1·st-Th at each co unty s uperin te nd e n t sh o ul d hold one normal i ns ti t u te each y ear.

Second-That it i t~ al so d esi rable that the s upe rin tend e nt hold

SU PERI NTENDE NT OF PUBLIC I NSTRUCTION .

37

local in s ti t u tes in different po r ti ons ot h is co un ty, of f rom t wo to four days' length.

T hi1·d -That th e leng th of the session of the nor m al instit ute be deter mined by t he s uperin tendent. P r ovided, th a t said session be n ot less t han two nor m ore t ha.n fom wee ks in length .

F mwth-Tha t t he s uperint e nden t should assu me entire control -of the i nsti t utes.

F~ftli-Tha t t he i nstructi on which is g iven i n t he d i fre~·ent b ra nches sh ould be so arranged as to make each l esso n a medmm for con vey ing in for mation on me thod s of teachi ng. . .

Si~eth-That each s upe ri n tenden t h olding su ch nor mal ms t1 tu t e sho n1 d prepa re a co urse of study fo r the same, and r equ ir e hi s m s tr nctors to foll ow i t as closel.Y as possible.

I N REFER E NCE TO T E X.T BOOKS.

R esnlvecl-Fi-rst, T hat school boards should be comp elled by law to enforce the use of so me one list of school books i n th ei r r espective d ist ricts.

S econd, T hat th e Co unty Su peri ntend ents d o all i n their p ower to i nd uce the va ri ous d istricts in t heir res pective cou nties to adopt t he sa m e list ot book s. .

T Aird, T hat C oun ty Su perin tendents act u nder t he ad v1ce _o f the S tate S u pe ri ntendent, so as t o co-operate together, and as far as p oss ible sec n re a un i form i ty o f text-books througho u t the St ate; b u t t hat a State li s t of text-books be not establ ished by law. .F'ow·tlt, Tha t we con sider the free book sy'ste m as the most fea sible m eans of sec1-i ri ng unifo rm ity of text-books. an d urge u pon ·C oun ty S uper int end ents th e necessi ty of havi ng thi s sy s te m a dopted wh erever it can be don e.

F ifth, Th a t we fa vor th e enactm en t of a law ~)ru~i biting t he .changing of tex t-books m ore fre quen tly tha n o uce m to u r years.

ON COUR SE OF STUDY FOR COUNTY SCHO OLS.

R esolved-Fin t, T ha t

the Cou n ty Su perin ten dent sh oul d p rovide a p roper co u rse of s tudy fo r th e schools of h is co unty.

S econd, That teachers sh ould be required to fo ll ow th js co urse as n early as possible.

38

REPORT OF THE

Thi1'd, That this course of study shonld indicate the bra.nch ea t o be pllrsued simultaneously, and n ot length of time to be con sumed in any study .

Fowrth, That promotion should be made in each branch irrespective of grades, when proficiency i s attained .

Fifth, That thi s course of study should inc1 ud e all branches required for a second-g rade certificate.

Sixtl~, That by the records k ept of each cou r se it would be of great assistance to a teacher in deter minin g the wo t·k done l>j his predecessor, and thus know where to begin work.

S evmbtl&, That it will sec ure better scholarship by r es tra in ing teachers in their ha te to pass t hrough a text-book .

Eigld/1, That it will secure more sys te m atical cdu catio u by assignin g to each study its proporti onate shar e of t ime a nd attention.

~7inth, That it will ~facilitate and make n ecessary frequen t exammations, thus acquainting the teacher with the d efects a nd r e quirements of his work.

The CommittP.e on Cer tificates reported as foll ows : Mr. CH.AIRMAN : Your Committee, to wh om was r e fe rred the subj ect of p rofessional certificates, believ-ing that one reason why the teacher' s profession i s not a profession in fact as well as in name, is that legislatures as w~ll as educators have failed to establish a professional grade, we would r ecommend that our Sta~e Legislature create a grade of cer tificates to be known as prof~sswna~ g rade, whic? certificate shall be valid in the State during hfe or tlll revoked by proper auth ori ty. .

Resolved-First, T hat in the opinion of this Convention , only two grades of State certificates sh ould h er eafter be o-iven' 0 vk: The First Grade and th e Professional.

S econd, That no examination for First Gra de certificates should be g ranted except to persons who have h eld at least one First Grade county certificate.

Third, That permanent teachers of high character and broad sch?l ar~hip, and who have a successful experience may, upon examinatiOn by th e State Superintendent, or by a commi tte e of three competent teachers appointed by him, receive a Professional State certificate.

SUPER! ' TEN DENT OF

l'OBLlC

1!\STRUC'l'IO:l\ .

39

T HE SECOND SuPERINTENDENT's CoNY.L:NTION was held at '\Visner , beginning Feb. 00, !880. Thirteen co unty Superintendents were present, and the in terest was sustained throughout.

The convention organized by electi ng Supt. J. P. Sprecher, of Colfax county, Pres. ; Su pt. G. G. Gates, of Bn rt, Vice P res.; and Sup't. W . V . M iller, of Washington, Secretary.

After so me preliminary remarks by the State Superintendent upon the p urpose of the mecti ng, the regular business of t he convention was entered upon. Coun ty Superintenden t Sprecher r ead a suggestive paper on " The Means of Making Normal Instit utes Successful," which was di scussed at length. T he greater part of the time at this meeting was devoted to the discussi on of q uestions relating directly to the work of the county superi ntend ents, such as : ' 'The D ivision of Distrir.ts and District Proper ty ;" "Means of securing U nit0rmi ty of Tex t-Books in Schools;" "VisitiniY o Schools and How to Make it Profitable;" a nd the H.evision of the School Law." The followinho- resolutions were unanim ously adopted: ON I NSTITUT E S.

R esolved- Fint. T hat each com1ty Superintendent should hold one Normal Insti tu te each year.

S econd. That the length of the session of t he N orm al Institute be de termined by the Superintendent, pro vided that it be n ot less than two nor m ore than six weeks.

T hi1'd. T hat the Superin tendent should assume general con trol of the Institute.

Fourtl~. That t he instruction given in the d ifferent branches should be so arranged as to make each lesson a mediu m for con veyino- infor mation on methods of teaching.

Fiftl~. That each Superin tendent holding such Normallnsti t nte should prepare a course ~of st udy for the s·tme, and require his ~n ­ structors to follow it as closely as possible, and to report to hm1 at the close of t he Institu te.

SixtlL. That a law should be enacted by which an I nstitute fund may be created and Institu te work he made u niform and p ennan ent.

SUPERI NTENDE T

40

OF PUBLIC I NSTRUCTION .

4:1

REPORT OF THE

TEX'l' BOOKS.

school boards should be compe ll e d by law t enfo rce • th Fi?·st. 1That .e use o some one list of school books . di·stnct".

1D their rc ped i ve TilE STATE TF;AOHERS' AS. OOL\.TI O ' .

The annual ·meeting of tl. A . .

March ::lOth-A. )ril 1st. r lJS ssociat ton was h e ld a.t ew.ard . t. . . l rhe attend ance was i<ll'g;e, t he xe rcces m et estmg and varted ' th c Interest · .

10 nt.

P a pels were read by th e t' 11 . wel l su sta in ed tl tr•; nn-\ o 0 ford " . owmg persou s : R e v. C. II . Craw of Study frorn R eal Lifro·" p .· , .· . 1 W G sco tt' " A.G .Conr;;e d I I !. u Jl ' .

• u· 't' taS mg m. the Pnbhc Schools ;" 1Y[iss Je-ssie B.<Li tt ·' .l{eq181 es to uccessf ul Teaclung · ;" R ev. Edward ThompoOU' ' · 'l'he P t lC ures we Make ·" M ' E K' ' R ev 1 B Sh . k' ~ ss · mgs ley, "Indu s t r ial Drawing · • 0 1 ·S · ryoc ' "Alms and P r in cipl es of Stud y ." Tbe <Ye 1pgy fo 0 eward D . r.ounty was d'Iscussedb n. efly by Prot., Au<r h ey <=> , and ro · · · Wilber o-ave a h t =· Ph · 1 G b s or extemporaueons adurc ss on t h eogmphy of N e b ras k a; R ev . J . J. Flchu.rty '' :S:ow canJSlCa 0 ur. Schools be Made More Effecti ve ~" A . L. Fnnl~ "Oral I nstructwn as Test .

"TI . cd bY A ctu al Experi ence ;" H. 1.[. "•W il - n te State as an Educator."

E ven ing lectures ,we re delivered by Prof. Stevens 011 " A S ummer on the Mediterranean;" and by Dr. Robe r t C nrr o n 'Th E a rth as a Model School." y Officers elect fo r 1880 81 · s N' h 1 - · a m nel .A. n o-hey presidcn t · H H .

Ic o son , r ecord ing secretary ·, H · N . °BI a,.,o, 1~ t r eas ure' r; .D r.

Curr W y,l ' · H. Scott, W .

E. Wilson, M rs.

H .

N .

B la k e Miss E. .

K moos ey exec f · , 0 5 . t. . ' lVe comrmttee. The next mcetinO' of 'this as oCJa 10n IS to be in Marc·h ' ' 1881 , P1ace to be chose n° by e xec n t i ve committee.

0

c

0

0

0

"'

,

o

THE STUDY OF Tl:lE SCIENCE OF EDUCATION.

For one of the most ir 1portant classes of t eacher s- spoken of a few pages back-no availab le professional in struct i on has been prov1ded . That is the class made up of the crradu ates of our colleges and of th e state uni versi ty . N one of o~r highe r institu t ions

except the I~o rmal sch ool includes the science of education a mong t he various sciences in which instruction is g iven .

Says Herber t Spencer : "The subject wh i ch i nvol ves all other subjects, a nd therefore the subj ect in which the ed ucation of everyone shonld cul minate, is the theory and practice of ed ucati on.'' .And the venerable Dr. T homas Hill, Ex-President of H arvard C ollege, in a communication r eceived not long ago : "If the science of education were introduced in to colleges in thi s broad way' <liscu ssing fu lly these two great fundamental p oints -First, the order of d evelopment of the faculties; secondly, the order of studies a nd sciences-the effect would be h ap py u pon every stu dent, as g iving him a better psychology and p h_ilosophy than he co uld otherwi se get."

What is proposed t hen is that t he science of edtwation shall be put into the curri c ulum of our u niversity an d of our l eadin g col leges .

It is not meant that these in stitutions sh o uld open norm al departments for the train i ng of common school teachers. Such a scheme has been t r ied, bu t the success was no t m arked i n th e most f~wo rable in sta nces, a nd was gene rally a. failure. I t is proposed to in troduce t his science into our l i beral co u rses of study-to give it a rank equal to and commensurate with i ts dignity an d importa nee. I t is conceded that at least two t hings must be co nsidered in deciding u pon the clai m s of any science to a place in a college cur ri cul nm. First, its utility as a mean s of trainin g the thinki ng powers; and second, its u tili ty as a. means of preparing the .s tudent tor the duties of life by furnis hing usefnl knowl edge.

That the stndy of the science of ed ucation wo uld be valuable for di scipline, perh aps no one acquain ted with it would d e ny . I content myself wi t h stati ng briefly some of the r easons th a t jnsti(y its st udy, derived from a co nsideration of i ts va1ne as a prepar ation for t he d uti es of life .

1. T o begi n with the most obvious and the one most frequently mentioned. It will be of great n tility to eolleg e gradu a tes that engage in teaching for a te r m of yea rs. Many of this class occupy r esponsible pl aces in ·o ur graded and high schools, where they not only teach, bu t are m eas urably instr u.mental in shapin g th e ed ucation a l policy of la rger commnni ti~s. S urely su ch person s would

42

R EPORT OF THE

be better p~·epar~d for their respousiLie places if t h ey h ad heen c~refully tJ·~1ned JD the philosophy of the bu iness t h ey ass ume to duect. It IS useless to say that these perso ns m ay go to th e Normal School and acquire this knowl edge ; the fac t is th at w e n eed not expe~t college and university gt·ad uates to go to the N o rmal School after gradu f1 Th . h . . a ?n. ey WI 11 not · a nd Jf t h ey are to r ccei ve th e kind of mstructwn in question, it m ns t be f urni shed where t ey get the rest of t heir educati on.

2 · But whether college g rad uates engao-e in teachin g o r n ot · t h ey usuaU · · ll" . . e ' h · Y. are Jnte 1gent and lnfl.uen ttal membe rs of soci ety a ud ave great .10fl.uence in shaping our ed u cation al policy . How mu1c1·h m.ore l~tel.ligently they could do this wo rk if t h ey had been . we tramed m its · .· 1 d · pn nmp es unng the u· college d ays. h 3. Perso~s who have been taug ht or who h ave car e full y s tudied f h t e underlying p · · 1 nm an culture will be better a ble to . . nnc1p es o d 1rect; the1r own fut . d . bet• . . me e ucatwn, and may be expected t o m ake oCr use .of theu OWn opportuni ties.

4 ·. T?e general study of this n bJ"ect wo uld lead t o a l!i o·he • ap1 preCJatwn ·of · · . · o c Its Impor tance m the community a nd ten d to improvement of educat" · h d .

10na 1 met. o s and arrangements . . Salys Prof. W. F. Phelps, the di s ting uis hed n orm al school P 1·inCipa · ''We d . nee not only schola rs but educators· and a ll of our h l sc o ars ouo-ht to b d t h ' o e e uca ors, oug t to study the science of ed u. catwn and thus b bl 1 d . ' . e a e to ea th e people t o an apprecia tion of 1ts supreme lm po t '* "".. All our higher in s titutions of . r ance. learmng ought t · · l d" .

O give to I t a larg e measure of at te ntio n a the ea~ m q 'bn~ere.yt of a free people." ::>. The lntrodnctio f th ' · · mto our university w o uld t en d to broaden d n o dIS smence h k B ' ~~pen, an at t e sa me tim e to popu la ri z e its wor · _Y ret:ogmzmg the science .on whi ch a ll sound teachinomnst ult!tna tely b '" d d . :::. . . e roun e , 1t would no lono·er disc rirn i 11 ·t te a~awst a mo_st important and u seful profession . The opportun~ty to pursue h 1g he t d. · d · r s u 1es ill pe ag ogy would attr a ct m any of the m ore am bitious d t t· h _ . g ra ua es o t e n ormal school aud lead the m to take a h1 o-her · •t · • e> um versr y course. This wou ld str engthe n the universrty and the teacher's profession at the same time.

Th~ thought of this article i s not new. In 1863 th e writer 0 contn bu ted au article to the P enn sylvani a .uc /. · 1,oo l ur on ·r n a z, Ill

SUPERIN'l'El\'DE~

T OF PUBLIC I NST RUCTION.

43

which substantially the same ground was taken. Seventeen years of fur ther study and obser vation h ave but strengthened and deepened the conviction of its importance then expressed. I u these years t h e opinions of thoughtful ed ucators have g radually been ch a~gi ng in its' favor, and at the present time professorships of didactics, or of pedagogy, or of the science of education, as they are variously called, have been established in Michigan Un iversity, Missouri S tate U ni versity, Iowa State University, and the universities of Edinburg h and St . .Andrew, in Scotland, and m any of the G er man universi ties. Besides these uni versities, many colleges have insti t uted chairs of didactics, and the matter is under discus ~ sion i n other s.

To ascertain the p resent views of our leading educators in this . coun try , q ui te an extensive correspondence was undertaken, and m any valuable letters received. I had intend ed p ublishing these letters, bu t space will not permit. The introduction of this science into university courses of study is advocated b.Y such men as R on . B. G . Northrop, of Connecticu t ; R on . J.P. Wickersham , of Pennsylvania; Ron. J ohn Eaton, the U . S. Commissioner of Educa tion; Pres. J. L. Pickard, of Iowa State University ; P res. A ngel, of Michigan U ni versi ty ; R on. H. S. Tarbell, of Indianapolis; a nd Dr. A. R. Benton, of the same city ; Prof. W. T. H arris, and many others of our forem ost ed ucators. A measure heai·tily endorsed by such men certainly deser ves the at ten ti ve consideration of our higher institutions.

OUR STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. For a young state, Nebra~ ka has made excellen t p rogress in her arrangements for the ed ucation of her whole population. At the head of the list stands T H .}<] STATE UNIVE R SI T Y.

The following brief sketch of the present condition and prospects of this insti t ution has been furnished, at m y request, by the

44

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

REPORT OF THE

Cha~cellor. It ~ill be found to give some inte restin O' fact cernmg our leading educational institution :

con-

THE UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA.

E. B. Fairfield, Chancellor.

~be University h as continued to enjoy a high degree of pr . perity during the past two years. In r es pect to the attendance it seems to have more than kept pace with t he gener al g r owth of th state N ot · b t d · b · .~' s ~n 1ng t e short crops of the p as t s eason, ther was an addJtJOn of more th an fifty to t.he enrollment the last ter m as compared with 0 r1 e year ago. A s 1s · na tu r a ll y to be exp ected . the larger pai·t of the students come f rom Nebrask a . Bu t the fa~ thhat twelve other states are represented in onr catal o o-ue ind1' cates t at th · · n • , e umvers1ty has at least attracted some notice from ab r oad.

The death of one of the a blest and most e xperienced member . of the faculty-Pr f' c 11' h o · o 1er- as 1eft the chall' of physics and gen;ral chemistry for the present unfilled. But the reo-ents will n~ ouhut, at a very ear1,y d a.y, proceed to till the vacancy0 Ot1·er· · · u Wise t e U~Iversity is better arranged than at any t i me hitherto.

A nd there Is no reason l tl h . . . . w 1y 1ose w o w1sh to acqtn rc a tho ron ah 5 educatwn m · lite t · h ld ra t11'e, SClence, or classics , ancient o r modern 1 s ou go abroad for that purpose . b The industrial college needs reinforcem ent. · and this w a nt would ~ promptly met by the regents, no doubt 'were the 1ne a ·1 s furDished for doino- 1·t I . , • 1:1 • n a great agncul t ural state as th is i s and must always be it · 1· 1 . ' . ' Is P am y our true Wisdom to provide gen~rlously for thrs department. The provi sion mad e by th e last leo-lS ature to pay the b 1 d t:1 . a ance u e on t 11e college farm h a.:;; been beartrly endorsed by th 1 f h . . e peop eo t e state. Other move me nts in the same. di~·ectJOn wou ld meet wi th like approval. . Wh1 thm t he last two years the erection of t h e u n i vcrsi ty b'oard mg all · · . add t. twn . al accom. has met a rn 0 s t rmperati ve d emand for modatwns-espe~ially to ladi es from abr oad- and for b oarding students at more moderate expense. I"''ew In · sti· t ution · s 111 · the count:y offer ;o good accommodations at so low a price as the U niverSity of .N ebr~ska h as done for the last year.

The attentiOn of the legislat nre ·w ill be called i n dne form, by

4:5

the regents themselves, to their work and their i mmediate wants.

And your response will be such as to indicate the active in ter est the people of the state ever:;wbere feel in this the highest institution of learni ng in th e commonwealth.

THE STATE NORM.AL SCHOOL.

Elsewhere in this r eport I ba\' e written somewhat at length on the general subject of n ormal school work and our facili t ies for training teachers. Below is given a sta tement by the P rincipal of the Nor mal School, giving some de tails of interest : S'l'.A.TE N ORMAL SCHOOL AT PERU.

Robert Curry, Principal.

T he two years which have elapsed since making my last report h ave been years of unexampled prosperity in the history of this instituti on. Its progress, though gradual, has been manifest, not only in its g rowth in numbers but in the increased efficiency of its able ·cor ps of teachers and in the earnest application, liberal attainm en ts, and high character ;of i ts students. The school has had the hea r ty su pport of the Board of Education, and the utmost harm ony has prevailed among the member s of the faculty and the students of the institution . The school still comprises two complete normal courses, a nd is devoted exclusively to the pt·eparation of teachers. Since my last report 90 students h ave been gradu a ted -24: in the hig h er course and 66 i n the elementary course. Nearly all of these a re now engaged in teaching. The professional influence of th e school is not limited, however, to i ts graduates; for most of Hs under-grad uates, all of whom, while here, recei ve more or less special instrnction and training tor the work, become practical teachers.

Two hundred and seventy-five students have been enrolled thus far dming .the year 1880. Thirty-six counties of the state a re now r epr esented by pupils in the school.

Our library now comprises over 1,400 volumes, and our reading room is supplied with the leading periodicals and current liter ature of the day.

46

REP ORT OF THE

I N STI TUTION F OR THE B LIND.

J . B. P armele, Pri ncipal.

The Nebraska Institu tion for the Blind , located &t N e brask a City, N eb., was opened in 1875 .

Beside the principal t here a re three assista nt teacher s and five other employees.

Number of pupils enrolled, 28 ; average, 22.

Appropriations made by th e l ast legislatnre (1879) : Sal a ries, $2,500; current expenses, $4,500 ; per manent i mproveme n t s , $950 per year.

T he school h as been prosperous to a degree satisfacto ry to its friends and patrons. Th ere are doubtless many blind chil dren in the State of suitable age and capacity wh o should b e in the school and are not .

A s t uition, board, medical attendance, are fur n i sh e d free to all p upil s reaidents of the State, all such should b e enjoying i ts p rivileges.

A mistaken idea more or less prevails as to the real ch a racter of the insti tution. ¡ I t is n either a h ospital nor a p oor-hou se, bu t a school for the blind, and none are eligi ble ex cep t they be of school age a nd capable of recei ving inst r uction . W he n t he course of study i s completed pup ils ar e graduated as from a n y i nsti t u ti on of le a rni ng.

Instr uction is g i ven i n all t h e bran ches ordi n a rily t a ught in our best g raded schools, also i n m usic, both vocal a n d i n s t ru m ental , and i n som e of the i ndustrial arts ; t h e boy s being t a u gh t bro orome.king and cane-seating , and the g i rls hand a nd m a chin e sew inoand knitting, crocheti ng , etc. n It is the aim to fit t h e blind for society, ci tizen ship, a nd s o far as possible, self-support.

NEBR ASKA INSTITUT E FOR 'l'HE DEAF A ND DUMB .

J . A . Gillespi e, Principal.

During the la:st t wo years the Institute has been prospe r ous . It i ncreases in nu mbers a n d efficiency each year. There h ave been eig hty-one p upils con nected w i th the sch ool in t his t ime . W e

SUI E RINT E

DENT OF P UB L IC I NSTR UCTION.

47

h ave seve n ty p resen t now. T he legisl ature at its Jast session m ade appropri a t ion s fo r t he I nsti tnte a fo1lo ws : For erection of workshop, a nd o t her imp r ovem en ts, $4,500 ¡ salari es a nd wages, $5,640 p er y ear; for s uppor t, $12,000 per yea r. T he officers consist of th e p ri n ci pal, fo ur teache rs matron , foreman . T here ar e nine othe r employees. T he i n t r nction here given is similar to that of k indred in s ti tut ions t hroughou t the cou ntry, the aim being to g i ve the pup ils a fair comm and of t he E nglish la ng uage and a g ood comm on school education . T wo of our yo ung men b avin ~ completed t h e co urse h ere, have en tered the N a tio nal College at W ashing ton, to tak e a coll ege course. W e teach ar ticulation only to a limited extent, owing to t he fact that we ha ve no special We should by all means have such t each er for this work. teacher .

During th e last yea r, we experimen ted with the a udiphone, an instrume n t by w h ich so und is couveyed to the audi tory ner ve th r oug h th e mediu m of the tee th. W e have fo und i t an aid in some cnses. I t is of use only where the a udi tory nerve is sound and the teeth g ood . The last leg tslatnre m ade provision for a work shop. This buildin g has been erected and is a great ad van~ t age to the In sti t u te. W e are teachi ng two trades, printing a nd car pe nter wor k. We h a ve ten boys in the pri nting office and eight in the ca rpen ter shop. The g irls are taught g eneral house-work, needle-wor k, and fancy work. If p rovision conld be made for i t, a school of coold ng sh ould be es tablished here as a bra nch of our work. T he g ids should be taught to cook on scien tific p ri nciples.

Education h as a p ractical side to it, and t his bra nch is certainly one of th e m ost p ractical. There are schools of this kind established in con nection with some of the deaf mu te insti t utions of the country an d they are fo und to be very ad vantageous. T hey not only p repare th e y ou ng ladies for keeping their own h ouses, but open to the m avenues in which to g ain a livelihood where there will always be a d em and for skilled workm anship .

We are g reatly in n eed of more room. W e sincerely hope the legisla tu re at i ts co ming session will make provision for the further increase in our numbers. The general outlook for th e I nsti tute is good, and its p rospects are brigh t.

48

SL:PEHHiTE .NDE .T OF 1' BLIC I ¡sTR UOTIO.N.

R EPORT OF TBE

T EfE STATE HE FORlli SCHOOL.

In the report of this department, made just befor e the assem bling of t he last legislature, the policy and neces sity of the establishing of a reform school were strongly u rged . The s n ggestion was favorably received by the legislature, and a bill passe d p roviding for such a school, to be located at K ea rn ey , huffal o co unty and $10,000 were appropriated to erect buil~i ngs an d s u pport the sch ool for two years. The building h as beeu erected; but owing to some defect in the law the school cannot be opened witho ut further legislation . It. is to be hoped that the next l eg isl ature will promptly remove the defect in the law, make ampl e p r ovision for carryi ng it in to eftect. Since the p ubl ication of the re port referred to the wri te r has visited and carefully studi ed so me of the best reform schools in the country . T h ese vis its have served to confirm a nd s trengthen th e opiu iou s expr essed two years ago in r eference to t his important institution .

T wo important points have been settled by the action of the legislature. The school is located on a l arge farm (320 acres generously donated by the citizens of Kearney), and is far aw ay from any of our large t owns. .

The building now erected is admirable in plan , a nd con forms to latest results of experience in other states. Every t hin g thus far settled is admirable.

There are a few importan t points which the next legis lat ure should carefully fix.

First -It must be a school, not a prison . It must b e understood that yo ung persons are to be se nt t here for ?'f?form a nd not for p 'wnishment, or simply r estrain t and detention . S econdE very scholar should be ta ught a trade or some m eans of earning a liveli hood. As in this co un try there are at l east four mon t hs i n the year iu which but little can be done out of doors on the fa rm , some ind oor busi n.e ss must be provided. It is ruinous to the prosperity of such a school to leave the inmates in idleness a ny considerable part of the time. It i s wi se for n s to profit by t he dear-bought experience of other States. I t would be folly for us to pay for simil ar experience in the same way they have done.

4:9

R ADED SCHOOL .

Table VIII at" the end of thi report pTesents a condensed summ ar y of th e presen t condition of the g rad ed schools of t.b.e state.

There seems to be peculi ar difficulty in getting reports from these schools. After usin g every m eans within my power to ob tain repor ts from all of them , there are still 19 unreported.

As the limit s of this report will not allow a detailed account of all the g ra ded schools, I have asked the principals of some of the larger towns to furnish a brief account of the condition , aims, and prospects of t heir schools. As far as such responses have been received, t hey are given below. It is sate to say that our g raded schools a re generally in a prosperous condit-ion. With few exceptions, they employ the best teaching talent available; and it is believed t h a t in effecti ve work our schools of this class are not inferi or to those of a like g rade elsewhere.

OMAHA OI'l'Y SCHOOLS.

George B. L ane, Superintendent.

The public sch ools of Omaha are under the control and m anagement of a board of education created by act of the state legisla ture, Febru ary 6, 1873. Bj this act the city constitutes one school district. The b oard of education is composed of twelve mem bers, two from each of the six wards, one member from each ward being el ected each year. The members are elected by the voters of the several wards, and hold their ofiice for a period of two years.

The regular meetings of the board occur the first Mon day evening of Pach month. They elect their officers from their own members; a nd with restr ictions i n regard to time of less than one year, they have power to fill vacancies which may occur in the board. They elect a superintendent of schools annually in July.

Ann u ally, during the month of June, the board make an es timate of the amount of funds necessary for the support of the schools for the ensu.ing year. This sum is reported to¡ the city council, which body is required to levy and collect the same for the u ae of the board of education. This estimate is limited to on e p er cen t of the taxable property in the school district. More 4

50

RE1'0R T OF THE

SUPERINTE NDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

than this sum can be raised for the erection of sch ool h ou .;es, by special vote of the people.

SoHOOL-HousEs.-There are at the 1 reseut tim e nine sch oolh ouses ow?ed and nsed by the board, with a seating capal·ity for 2,800 pupils. A small church is al o reutcd by t h e board an u used as a . school. ~ue new eig ht room chool-h ouse is i n proce 8 of erectwn, and will pr obably be ready fo r school u se earl r in J a n u ary , 1881. · The schools are in a crowded condi tion , and 1 o do u bt ne w b uildi ngs will be soon fnrui shecl .

TEAOHERs.-It is the policy of the boa rd of ed ncatioH to secure the be~t tea~hers, and to t hat end li beral salaries are p aid. Of t he f~rty -s1~ ass1stant teacher8 now in the employ of the boa r d , thirtySI X ~ece1 ve a salary of seventy doll ars a mon th.

T h e principals recmve a lar:!?:er salary.

The following brief statemen t shows the entire nu m ber en rolled in the pu_blic schools, the character of a t ten d ance, and cost of t h e schools, for the school year e nding Aug. 1, 1880 : P opulation of the city . .. . . .. .. . . . . . ... .. .. . .. 30 ,652 School enu meration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,28 5 Number enrolled in schools during the y e ar . ... . . 3 ,517 Average number bel ongin g . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,477 Average daily a ttendance . . .. . .. . .. . .. . ... ... .. 2,310 P er cent of daily attendance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

93 Number of pupils not absent d uri ng en t ire yc~;.: : 57 Number of pupils who were not tardy . . . . . . . . . .

573 Cost of supervisioTJ and teach er s ' sal ar ies .... $ 28 ,395 Cost of incidentals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ,3 97 Tot~tl expense of runnin g the schools . . . . . . . . 69,573 R a te p er pupil on the enrollmen t .... . . . . . . .

19 Rate p er _pupil on average nu m her hel ongi n g.

28

C~ui<SE

07 00 05 78 08

STUDY.:-T o co mplet e the entire course of study in the public schools r eqmres on an average twelve yea r s of school life.

The average age a t which t h e pupiltJ e nter school is abou t six years.

OF

PRIMARY CLASSES OR GRA.DES.--Th e first year s of school are called t.he primary grades. Du1·i ng these years the p u p ils a re

51

thoroug hly drilled i n reading, spelling elementary arithmetic, writiug , a nd tile correct use of language, wi th dai ly instruction in morals a nd m a uners. Great efl'ort is made to make t he inst mction pract ical. The child is here taught to re11d well; to practice spelling da ily, botl1 orally a nd by writing words in sentences. The p upil is required to lear n t o wri te hi na.me the fh·st ten weeks in school, a nd during the fi rst year h e must learn to wri te well on slate, using both small a nd capital letters. Much attention is given to these primary classes, for in them we have a large num ber of children who neYer attend school long enough to pass into the higher g ra des.

I NTERMEDIATE CLA.SSES O R GR.A.DEs.- The fo ur t h and fifth g rades or years in school the p upils receive a m ore thorough and advanced k now ledge of the st udi es of the primary g r·ades. L anguage i's t reated orally as a science, and some of the technical terms are m ade fam Hia r to the pupils. L et ter writing business forms and their uses a ud application~:>, are also carefully tnught. T he subject of geogr aphy is also in troduced in these g rades.

GRAMMAR CLA.SSES on. GRADES.- The sixt h, seven th, an d eight h year s in sc-.hool are called t he g ramm ar grades. H ere the subj ects of r eading, spelling , wri tin g , arithmetic, grammar, and g eography a r e con tin u ed and completed. In the eighth g rade, the su bject of U.S. history i s in t r od uced and com pleted; likewise the su bj ects of physical geog raphy and book -keepin g .

HIGH ScrrooL.-Those wh o complete the grammar g rades, an d d esi re to pursue their studies, are o:ffered t he additional course of four years in the h ig h sch ool.

We , have at th e pt·esent time eighty-five pupils i n t he tour g rades of t h is school. T hose who co tup lete the course receive a di ploma of g raduatio n from t he b0ard of ed ucation.

In the high school a thorough course of three years is g·iveu ia li terature ; four y ears in Lati n (optional) ; and a corresponding course in mathematics and the physical sciences.

The aim and object of the co urse in the public schools is to give all who atten d m aterial aid in lite, by for ming such socia l an d m en tal habi ts as will enable them to make good citizens and successfully perform their par t i n the great school of life.

52

SUPERINTBNDEN'l' OF PUBLIC REPORT OF THE

THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS OF LINCOLN .

W . W. W ., Jones, Superintend en t .

During the six years of my incumbency, the gr owth of tbe city, and as a consequence the growth of the schools, has been remarkable. Our school population has nearly doubled durin c.r this t ime and it has been no light labor to meet the growing nc~essities of the schools. I find by the records that the fi rst school in t his district wa;;; taught during th e winter of 1867- 8, in a small stone school house situated on the corner of Q and Eleventh streets and 1 t he average number of pupils was thirty-five. In t he au t um n of 1872, Mr. I. W . Cassell was made superin tendent of school s and - dur~ng the year there were 791 pupils enrolled. During the 1 year closmg June 11th, 1880, there were eurolled 1,772 p n pils. New schools have been opened each year, un til now we h ave twenty-fo ur teachers employed. Our daily average a ttendance h as been a lit tle more than fifty t o each room . This laro-e attend ance has di· minished the effect of work done; neverthel~ss we feel that some good work has been done and that the schools have not retrograded .

We have endeavored to raise the standard of scholarship aud think we have succeeded .in doing so.

An outline of our work may be of some in ter est. The Rigb Sch.ool has two courses of study arranged som ewhat simila r in t heu . scope, a cl~ssical and an E nglish course. Th e object of the classical course JS to p~epare pupil s for commencing a complete coll.ege ~ourse. We a1m to p repare our graduates for the State Umvers1ty, and although we have bad many diiticulties to en counter, we hope ultimat ely to raise t he standar d of o-radnati on so hi o-h tha~ our. diplomas will be sufficient p assp ort ;o e n tcr the St=te Umvers1ty. To this end, the course of study i ncludes Eo o-lish Grammar and Composition , U S., English, and G eneral Ris~or the elementary sci~nces sn~h. as Physiology, Physical Geogr a phy Botany , Zoolog~, Natural I h1losophy, Chemistry, a nd As tron omy · the elements of Algebra, Plane Geometry, t wo years of Latin, and two of GeJ·man. This course h as b een fo11owed not with entire sati~faction, but with sufficient good results to ~bow that if fully earned ont our object will have been attained . Many .p upils who expect to take a conrse in the University -prefer to en ter the pre-

m

TROOTION.

53

paratory cla ses there r::tthc:r t han to fini It he High chool course, and ma ny pnp ils have entered that cla s who otherwise would have taken a full H igh cl.Joul coUJ·~e. sa conseqnence on r classical classes h ave been r ed uced i n numbers and we have not been able to fully test its adaptability. Would it not be wi e for the State authorities to arrange a conr e of tndy which being acceptably completed, wo nld admi t 1 npils to the Fre bman class subject of conrefe, to the approval of the R egents or Facnl t of the Universi ty? I t seem to me that so me such plan might. be perfected and worked har moni o uslj. s stem similar to that adopted in Michigan, whi ch I und erstand has stood the practical test of time, would tend greatly to the efii ciency of our High Schools and help build up the Unive rs ity. Unifor mi ty of work t.hroughout the State; the ability to compare ret:~ nl tn ; a generous emulation among the schools; a full er app reciatio n of higher ed ucation and a better preparation for i. t ; a better a ncl larget· class for the University; these would be among the advan tages of snch a sys tem.

Our English course i s e pecially for those who expect to go no further th a n the Hig h SehouL I t is similar to the classical, but omits t he st ncly of Latin aud Germ an. More attention is paid to English Li te rature and Com position; P olitical Economy and Civil Government a re studied, an d during the past year a class in Bookkeeping has bee n added . The satisfaction given by this study, and the results ~.tta in ed , render it advisable to continue it and to enlarge i ts scope. .Many of the graduates from this course are doing acceptable work as teachers in the surrounding country. Our in ten tion is to build a sonud found ation for useful ness, and as far as possible to prepar e onr grad ua tes for practical life. Three years are hard1y sufficient for this work, bnt the opposition to H igh Schools, so general throughout the country, bas not been wholly wanting in o nr midst, and we have preferred contentment with what we have r ather than strife for wh at we have no t, and murmurs abo ut top-l1 eavy High Schools. We now nmnber <•bout sev-enty in this department.

Our Gram mar Department has been very full and the work has been very acceptable. Our intention is to complete in this departm ent a good common school education . V ery many pupils in our public schools get no further than the grammar school, and hence

54

. '·, ;

REPORT OF THE

the g reat necessity to make this school as comple te as possi bleMany topics are taken up by the teacher and o ral i nst ruction given upon many subj ects that it would be impossible to take up as regular class studies. More atten tion is given to the usc of la nguage as a vehicle of thought th an to the technical laws of g r a m m ar. Writing and drawing are carefully" taught a nd t he common branches are by no means neglected.

The Intermediate and Primary D epartments con tain t h e g reat majority, so far as numbm·s are concerned. O nr ai m is to b e as thorough and compl ete in om work as the ages of o n r p n pi ls will permi t. Onr system is in tended to d raw out rath er t h a n p o ur in.

We have been teachiug our infant classes to w r ite i n m a nnscript letters and our success has been o-ratify ing . C bildre11 s ix y e a rs old learn easily to form letters on correct p rincipl es, and many of them write better than numbers in t he gram mar de p a rt m e nt.

I n conclusion, we th ink our schools compare favor a b l y with schools of their class throughou t t he West. Ou r teachers a re g enerally earnest an d thoughtful, and their work fa i tbfn lly done.

Reviewing the work of past years, we can see m any fa. ults and things to regret, and only hope to g row better by ea rnes t e nde avor and careful !:lnrvey of the errors of t he pas t.

TBR PUTILIC SCHOOLS OF F RE]I[ON'f.

W elling ton W. Drummond , Principa.l.

Fremont, a town of 3,300 inh abitan ts, h a s three school build ings; two of brick (containing respectively seve n and four r ooms} and a small frame.

The city superintendent, who is also principal of the hi g h sch ool, with eleven lady assistants, comprise the corps of teach e r s .

The schools consist of four dcpar tmen ts : Hi gh Schoo 1, Gra mmar. Interm ediate, and Primary .

The hig h school course, being mainly ca lcula ted to fit pupil s for teachers, includes such branches as a re r equire d t o obta in a fi r st. grade certificate, toget her wit h the classics (if d esire d ) .

The school census of April, 1879, shows a sch ool popul ati on of' 759 child ren ·' and of t hese 676 were enrolled clurincr th e Jvea r 0 (September, 1879, to June, 1880). Upon the opening of the

' I' E IU.NTENOEN'f OF 1 C.BLI

I!\ TR UC'f iON .

55

schools in Jun e 1 0, 56 p np il we re i u attendance this bei ng tbe 1H-r <Ye t nn mher e ve r 'nr lled in a corresponding period of tim e.

T he rapid grow tl 1 o f t h e it : and of the chools during t he past three y ear s h a · nece~ i tated the erection of two buildings a~d the addi ti o11 1 f three tcaehcr to the rp , d nri ng tha t time, wh1le t he nu mber of ca n d i d ate for g raduation has i ncreased from two to eight.

PLAT'l' ;\[QUTR-

I 'l'Y

CBOOL .

J . W . L o ve, M .A ., .., np t. and Principal.

Pla tts m outh is t h e thinl ci t. in our state in number of p up ils a t tend in g he r p u bli c school .

Durin g the school yea r of 1879- 0 h e en rollmen t was over 00 .

The y e a r 18 0- 81 will s how a <Yreat increase in her schools, as the city h as had unus u al g rowt h and prosperi ty during th e last year.

For the school year of 1879- 0 the average atten dance was 520.

Durincr the sam e time the en t ire ex pense of her p u bli c schools was b . l $~ , 244.04, m akin g the a verRge sch ool expense per cap1ta on Y $10.08.

The schoo ls of this eity are amply supplied wi th a f ull line of charts, maps, g l o bes, a nd apparatus in every depar tment.

T h e hi <Yh sch ool se nt o nt over twenty teachers during th e l a st year, and '='only one of th e m failed to pass "for second-grade ce r tificate on the state questions-some securi ng first-grade certific a tes.

A speci a l cl a ss is provid ed for aU preparing themselves for teachere.

The c i ty sch ools arc g raded as follo ws: .

Primary D epar t ment, three grades.

I ntermed i ate D epa rtment, t hree g rades.

Grammar D epartm ent, two grades.

The Hig h School Depart m ent bas th ree courses of study, iz.: Tea cher s' Cou rse, t wo _vears.

English Course, thr e e yea t·s.

L atin Conrse , fo ur years.

The En g lish and Latin courses a re the same as in hi gh Echools gen e rally .

56

REP ORT OF THE

Tl!e Teachers' co urse is opti onal to those completi ng t he G r aded an d Gramm.a r departmen ts and to all en terin g the h igh school wh o can go only fo r a term or few months and want to fit the mselves fo r teaching .

Many of our you ng men and women from ci ty or count ry can not ::;p are the tim e or expense to take a complete h igh school_ co urse, and so are kept out of om· p uu lic schools and deprived of free education, un less we ad mi t them into such <.:lasses a n d stnJies as t h eir i mm edia te n ecessities or nea r future oce upation de m and .

By havi ng thi s Teachers' co urse, many teach ers from t h e con ntry and abroad tak e ad van tage of i t and enter, maybe fur onl y a month ,o r part of a term, but never th eless t heir preso nce, ea.rnestn ess, in d ustry, and example have a most be neficial efl:'ect on t he city students.

HA STINGS PUBLIC SCHOO LS .

0 . J. D avis, Princi pal.

O ur school was organized under a g raded sys te m , in April , 1 877 .

We fo rmed seven grades, with one hundred a nd sev en ty- six p u pils enroll ed, in charge of fo ur teache rs.

Since th en we have added five g rades , tlt e last th ree of them forming a h igh school divi sion. W e h ave adopted a cour se of stu dy, a copy of which I sen t yo u a year ago. The co urse i s now used entire, an d G erman h as been added as an elective branch. It is conducted by t he word method, a nd is a success.

We enroll to ur h undred and fifty -seven a t date, i n char ge of ten teachers.

We h a ve aimed in the course of st udy to g i ve t h e essential r u d imen ts of an education t hat m ay be ap plied by th ose w h o a r e forced from sch ool in very early life, viz. : the use of word s i n se n tencel:l ; what a complete sentence is, a nd i ts appe nd ag es; t o be q uick and accurate i n computi ng integ e r s an d deci m al s ; to w rite intell igently and spell correctly; to r ead u nde r s tandingly ~ aud to be ab le· to re produce from memory, or ally a nd i n wr i t in g , cor rectly .

S

P JcRI::\'T E:NDENT OF PIJB LIO I N TRCOTI N .

57

NE B RA ~ KA CITY PIJ13LIC SCHOOLS.

M . M. M:nnger Superin ten den t . : n entire ly new co u rse of study ha been adopted for the public sc ?ols of this city . The work h a been ystem atized, so that co~rd m ate g rades a re u pon the same sn bjects at the a me time. orne changes h ave been made i n text-books g r ea tly to the satisfac t iou of teach er s and p up ils. T h ere i s as mnch ea rn es tn ess in and p upils as could be expected of th ose who earn estly dtea~hers es1re to d o well.

Th er e l1ave been · no complai n t from any so urce, save possibly an occasio n al o ne of the mo t trivial char acter.

Self- rep ort ing of depor tmen t is i n use, and wo rk;s well ; also ever y pu p il i s r eq u ir ed to m ark his own scholarship a t the close of ev~ry r eci tati on; and at t h e end of each month each pupil is re qmr ed, und e r th e ca refu l direction of the teacher, to make up h is own aver ages . ~he sti m ulu s to earn es tn ess of this system of self-marking and self-reporti n g is simply as tonishin o-. Teach ers wo uld fi n d a great help and a g r eat r elief, I fully beli~ve , by using i t.

Ca rds designed fo 1· t hese schools ar e u sed.

T ar din ess i s o u r g rea test obs.tacle. It is, h owever, closely watched, and every effo rt is m ade to r educe the evil.

T her e h ave been but fo ur cases of s uspension, and no case of expulsion, n or of co rpor al punish men t. A firm r elian ce u pon the power of mor al s uasion h as been the rule with all the teachers.

The Bible i s r egul a rly read at the opening of the schools, followed by si nging each m orni ng. E ach Friday afternoo n is devoted to orato r ical and li te rar y exer cises ; and at the end of each three m onths exa m in a tions a r e held.

A dditional to th e r egular course of study , L a tin is ta ugh t in the hi gh sch ool. · T h e accompany ing statis tics , taken from th e last mon thly rep ort of the s uperi ntendent, will perh aps give all the facts req uisi te : N u m ber enrollea, 692 ; aver age n umber belonging , 616; a verage d aily attendan ce, 582 ; p er cent of attendance on a verage n umber belonging, 95 ; p er ce nt pupils tardy, 23; visits by p rincipals, 24;

58

~

REPORT OF ' r f!E

visits by s uperin tendent, 22 ; visits by teach ers ( h a lf-day s), 2 ; v is its by citize ns, 61.

P Ul3LIO SCHOO LS OF BROW NVlLL"E.

W. E. Wilson, Principal.

T he num ber of pupils enrolled duri ng th e p r esent te rm i s 365.

Eig ht teachers are employed, all lad ies ~xcep t t he p r in c ip al.

In the p rim ary depa rtmen t, which in cludes t he fi rst tl 11·ce y ea r s in school, are three teachers a nd 170 p u pils. I n t he in t e r m ed i a t e depar tment, ex tending over three years, are t wo teach er~; a n d 100 pupils. I n the g ra mmar departm e nt, occupy in g t wo years , a re o n e teacher and fifty p upils. The hig h sch ool conrse occu p ies t h r ee years, and a prepa ratory yea r fo r pupils wh o r eq n ire e xtra t r a in in g in element ary subj ects. 1' he pri nci pal a n d a n assistant a r c the t eacher s in this dep ar t men t , and for ty-five pnpils a r e in at ten dan ce .

T he school board and the peop le are li beral a nd h ear ty in t h e ir suppor t of t h e school, a nd many of t he pupils g iv e b r igh t p r o mi se of success in school a nd in l ife.

T he school aims to afford to a ll th e childr en of t h e d is t ri c t t h e opportu n ity of getting as m uch a n d as good ed ncation as p os:::i b le .

I t is especially soug ht to teach a ll pupi ls, as ea rly as possi b le , t o r ead intellig ently and to wr ite legible a n d corre c t En g lish. I t is n ot the aim of the schools to finish schol ars, but to t each t h e m some i m portant t hin gs thoro ng h ly , a nd to d o some t hin gs w ell In the h ig h school , the first t hing w n gh t i s thoro u g hn ess i11 t h e fu ndam e ntal and di rectly practi cal s u bj ect::\ i n a com mon se bool educa tion. After t his is secu red, p up ils are e n co ura ged to g o on to hig her subj ects, a nd ar e a ided in prep::ni ng fo r hi g her i n stitutions or fo r life's busin ess.

PUBLIC SC HOOL S OF B EATRICE.

L . B. S hryock, P r inci pal.

The g r a ded schools of B eatrice are in g ood con di t i on . We l1 ave eigh t gra des and a four y ears' course i n th e hi g h 'sch ooL Th e r e a re eigh t t eache rs e mployed, besides t h e p r in ci p a l , an d a l1 find work· The grades a re w e11 ar r ang ed aud w e ll su s ta i n e d . T he a im i s to

U PERT 'TF. D F N T OF l' -BtlC lNRTRUCTTON.

59

m ake the ei ghth-g r ade p u p il p r fi ien t i n all the common school st udies , a nd t h e n in t h e h i a h chool to p repa re th elll fo r business of t he uni ver it . or the fr esh m a n c ia T he d i sci pl i n e i s fa ir a nd i m pr vi ng · the p eople seem gr a tified .

T h e e nrollm e n t i n w 47 - an the ~ igher grade wilJ recei ve some fifty t o e v n t -fi ve m o r e n the win ter come on.

D ENO 1.l

TIO

AI ,

OLL E GES

N D .cEMIN ARIES.

. N o e x h i b i t of o nr cd n ca t ion !l.l co ndit io n wo uld be com plete w i tho u t S(Jill e a cco u nt f these a l ua e inst it u tion ·. I n the early days of N ebr a s k a se, eral ambi tio ns atte mpts at the fou nding of den omi na t io n a l sehou l wm·e m ad . O u som e of them , as a.t Fontan elle, O r e(Jp olis, and F a ir m y, con id ~rn.ble money was expende~ .

T hese effo r t , t h o ngh l· u d able were pr m ature, a nd they were m t im e aba ndun cd .

Bn t a s year::> r olle d on , wit h the in reased p opul ation a nd wealth of t he s tate, t h e atte mp ts w re r enewed, a nd several pr omisi ng iusti tn ti o us of t hi s k i n d have be en fo u nded within eight or ten years p as t.

T h o ugh n ot r eq u ired by la w to r epo t·t to the School D epartm en t, a n o te t o t h e c h ief e xec n t i ve of each school br ought at once a a co urteo u s r espo n se. T he f!l.cts as g iven i n the followi ng bri ef n o ti ces w e re i n e ach case p r oc ured i n this way : DOL\NE COLLEGE,

Si t n ated at Crete , S a l i ne co u n ty . Prof. D. P. P erry, Acting Preside n t.

D oaue C olle O'e was located and org anized by the Ge neral A ssocia ti on o f Co~ b:t'e<)'ational Chur ch es i n N ebrask a, in Jun e, 1872. b It is co nd u cted o n dis t in c tively C hr istian pr inciples, i ts tr us tees a nd in structors b e lie vi1JO' t h at th e h ighest r esul ts of i n tellectual training can o nly be se~nred as Christia n ch aracter is car efully d evel o pe d .

60

R EPORT OF T HE

S tarting wit h a few p reparatot'.Y studen ts, it has g radua ted fo ur classes, taking them through full classical or scien tific co ur.ses.

The p ast year there were 121 in attendance, of wh om 15 w ere in full college course, 40 in p reparatory depa rtment, and 66 in t h e English course.

The corps of instructors has been i ncreased tu six, apar t fro m three teachers in music, drawi ng, and elocuti on.

There are four full courses of study. The collegi a te cl assi cal a nd collegiate scientific cover each fonr years, w it h three year of preparatory work- the scient ific conrse gi ving pr om inence to Ger man and the ::tdvanced scie nces. T he liter ary co urse, omit ti ng G reek an d some of the h ig her mat hematics, pays sp ec ial a tten ti on to literary a nd h istorical studies. I t extends o ver five y ears. The teachers' course is designed fo r thoGe who intend to t each . I t covers more ground than t he usual normal school courses.

The college has a good beginni ng in th e wa.y of a p paratu s . It h as two large globes and the best microscope i n the stat e . It h as a library of over 1,500 volu mes . It h as one of the fin est collect ions of shells in the West. Its collections of miner al s a n d natural history speci mens a re la rg e a nd v aluable. A good b eginn i ng h as been m ade in chemicals and chemical a ppar a tus . A1l of t h ese helps, as well as the surveyor's t ran si t, a re at t h e ser vi~e of t h e student. A good knowledge of sur veying is gained by fiel d p r actice, while g reat car e is tak en to fa mili a ri ze the stnden t w i th the contents of th e library.

The studen ts h a ve a n organization k nown as t h e Hesp er i au club, devoted to liter ary efiort. It i s con d uc ted w ith m u ch enthusiasm, and affo rds ample opportuni ties for sp ecia l lite r a r y w ork.

It a lso p ublishes a p apet路 called t h e D oan e Owl. T he g reat event o t the p ast year h as beeu the c o m pleti on of Merrill Hall. This s ubstanti al brick str ucture , costing n early $13,000, occupies a eomma nding si te u pon t h e college campus.

For t h e most par t it is the work of th e C h r istian p e ople of N e b raska. Some two thousand p er sons, many of t h em ch ildr e n , co n tributed to its e rectio n. I t h as th irty- two rooms , which a r e u sed for li brary, ca binet, eh a pel, recita tion roo m s, and yo nn g ladies' dormitories.

The endowments h ave b een increased the past year f r om Eastern

S UPERI NTENDE NT OF P BLIC INSTRUCTION.

61

sources, a n d va rious churcbe i n the state are now engaged in fittin g u p r ooms f r students in the new college bui lding.

Tui tio n i less than one-sixth f the actual cost, ranging from $14.50 to 821 to t路 t he vear. Ordinar price for boar d is $2.50 per week. Many stu dents h elp to suppor t themselves by teaching in di stri ct sch ool .

G ood r elig ious influences prevail. T h e young m en have their Y oung Men's Ch r i tia n sociation and the young ladies their organization uf Go d W orkers. early all the graduates and under-g ra d nates a r e professing Christians.

TFIE NEBRASKA.

ONFERENOE SEMINARY ,

Si t u ated n.t York, N ebra~lm.

R ev. E. Thomson, President.

T he Ne bra ska Conference Semin ary, established by the Methodist C hurch in this s tate, and t he only i nsti t ution under their patronag e, was o p en ed a t York, in Y ork coun ty , on J anuary 7 th.

I t is now doi ng a good work, though only in its third term of existence. Its a n n u al enrollment is 143. A comm odious frame b uildi n g has been fitted up for t he use of the insti tution at present, and one wino- of a buildi n o- to cost when completed $50,000, is in 0 "" process of erectio n .

A facul ty of nin e ex p eri enced inst r uctors a re employed in the diff'er e n t depa rtm e nts.

T he cou r ses of stu dy a r e as follows : I. A p rep a rato ry course. of one year, embracing a t horough . d r ill i n t h e commo n En o-1ish branches. . "" II. A n orma l cou rse of one year, embracing all t he studies req ui red fo r a :fit路st gra de cer t ifica te, III. A b usiness cou r se of one year , embracing all the studies req nired fo r a good busi ness education, being much more comprehensi ve th a n any com m er cial college course.

I V . A fin e a r t course, e m bracing drawing, crayoning, landscape and portrai t pain tin g i n oil and water colors.

V . A musical c our se, similar to t h at of the N ew England Conservatory of M usic, at B oston.

VI. A 路 scie n t ific course of three years, the completion of which w i 11 secur e t he d egr ee of B. S.

62

R EPORT O lf TBE

VII. A philosophical course of four years, the completion of which will secure the degree of Ph. B. Though not a year old, the institution is beginning to acquire some fin ancial strength. I t has R eal estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . ......... $4,000 00 Building fund (invested at ten per cent) . . . . . . 9,837 9~ Building fund (on subscription) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

263 00 Endowment fund (invested at ten pm· cent) . . . . 3,872 50 Total .. .. . .......... . ..... .. . .... . . . $17,973 48 THE NEBRASKA W ESLEYAN UNIVERSI TY .

Situated at Osceola, P olk connty. Organ ized in May, 1879.

Academical department opened September 10, 1879, wi th ten students. Musical and commercial depar tments opened Jan uar y, 1880. Enrollment first year, 87. This institu t ion h as a. campu s of ten acres and forty-six acres of land adj oining , the gift of Hon. J. H . Nidrey, Gov. Nance, Mr. Charles M orrill. M r . H . Smith, and Judge Lowing. A building is in prog ress. Though not offi cially adopted as a church school, i t is under the directi on of a board of trnstees, a majori ty of whom are members of t h e Methodist Episcopal Church. The attendance duri ng the present academical year is much larger than last .

NEBRASKA BAPTIST SEMINARY.

Situated at Gibbon, Buffalo county.

R e v. G . W. R eed, Principal.

Opened November 8, with 67 pu pil s-26 in p r eparatory course and 41 in the seminary. The institut ion possesses a 1ar(Ye building, finished and furnished. The cou:se em brace~ t1~ree year s of academic study. Two teachers bes1des the p n n Cl pal are employed. It is intended to raise this insti t u tion to collegiate rank as soon as practicable. · PAWNE E CIT Y A CADEMY.

A . K. Gowdy, Principal .

Is an institution under the p rivate management of the principal. It was first opened for th e r eceptio n of students on the 30th

SITPE HI TENDENl' OF P BLIO IN" TRUO'l'I ON.

63

of O ctober , 1877. I t was i nstit u ted by the advice of a number of ci t ize ns of th e cou nty, in t he bel ief that such schools would, in the uear fu tu re be c !led tor in the tate. As set i'orth i n the catalog·nes of t he school ' I t i the aim of the academy to aftord t o _yo n ug people facilities fo r acquiring a g ood, practical Eng lis h edu a tiou , and to prepare those who expect to take a college ·o n rse to r e n teri ng college.

The school was beo-nn wi th fou1· p upils. The nnmber increased gradually, so that i u the co urse of the first year there were thirtysix on the r ol l. The second y'ar, 'i\·ith better facilities, more satisfacto ry w o rk was d ue: a ud sixt -four students received instruction with in the aca de my walls. The th ird year showed a marked increase in a t te ndanc ; and t he prospects of the schooi, now in i ts fourth year, a re m ore encouraging than at any previous time in its history . The schul1l contin u sin se sion t hroughout teo months iu the ·year. An n m ber of the students have done and are now doing excellen t work as teachers in the schools of the coun ty. Several of the u nd e r-graduate& (uo cla s has. et fiuished the course) have r eceived first grade teacher., cer tificate., from the couuty superint endents.

The re a r e two courses of t udy , au English and a classical, each of th ree years.

Vocal mu sic forms a p~.r t of the r g ula r course of study. In struction i s al so. given in instn mental music to those who wish i t .

I feel war ran ted i 11 S<t.r i ng that the future of the school is assured, as its g row t h Las been healthy-not forced by wide-spreod advertising, b u t a s I hope by the character of the work done in i t.

CREIGHTON COLLEGE.

Sit u ated at Omah a.

Thos. H. Miles, P 1·esid nt.

Creighton College was bnil t and endowed wi th fu nds left by the late Edward C reight on and wife, nobly ambitious to forward the cau se of sound education .

The college is now in i ts third :year of existence, classes having been opened in the September of 1878.

We began with a few elementary branches : bu t i t is our aim, in tim e, to furnish o ur students the advantages of a complete aca-

64

S

REPORT OF TH E

demical and collegiate course, at the sam e tim e th at we intend n ot to omit su ch other branches as will fit t hem for the variou s avocations in life.

Our average attendance is two h un dred.

Our libraries, both college and students' , t ho ug h small as yet, are very select ; and as every year add i tions will b e m ade, i t will be our aim to maintain t his chara~ter for th em . ad m ttin g n one but standard works.

INDUSTRIAL E DU CATION .

The term Industrial E ducation is com paratively n ew, a nd d esignates wh at is to many a somewh at unfamili ar idea. T h e ter m was suggested in so me such way as this. I n co mparin g the working ability of educated and un ed ucated m en, i t was found t h at t he educated, as a cl ass, were m or e effi cien t and su ccessful. .

This comparison suggested th e t houg h t that i f with a sy s tem of education not specially adap ted to th e wants of work ing men, such valuable r es ul ts were secu red: how mu ch could b e d on e u nder a system wh1ch was so adap ted. The ter m ind u str ial educa tion was devised to indicate such a kind of edu ca t ion as wo uld be specially advantageous t o all classes engaged in i nd us tria l em ploymen ts. The term is now well establish ed in educati on a l li ter ature i ts import clearly set tled, and its legiti~acy vo uch ed for by th~ ~ational Educational A ssociation , which a few year s ago or g anJzed a depart men t ca lled the depar t m ent of Ind u strial E d uca ti on.

What is industrial education, and wh a t are i ts ch ar acteri st i cs 1 W h at are its claims to our atten tion, and why sh o ul d i t b e fos tered 1 What beneficial results m ay we expect to flow fr o m i ts extension? It will be ob served th at we u se th e term ed u ca t ion as sign ifican t of a condition of m ind, and also for t he exercises by which that condi tion is soug ht to be prod need.

The ~o rd edu cation in cludes the i ns tructi on, d irecti on , a nd care whiCh p.ar ents and teacher s bestow u pon t h e you ng in order to sha~e th ~1r character , t o promo te the · h a rm oniou s d e velopment of the1r act1ve p owers, and to subj ect th eir acti v ities to the cont rol of reason and conscience.

A kn owledge of t he p r inciples, m axi ms, and form s of l aw , with

P E H.l NTENDE T

OF P

BL T

IN !J'RUa:I'T N .

65

som ethin g o f sk i ]] i n a.ppl_ iu?" t hem to p ractiae con ti t n tes a legal ed u cat i on.

K no wlege of the et r nctn re of the h u man ste m t he rel a t ions of i t s seve n tl 1 arts, its conditions of lefllth · action and tbe disea e~ to ,,·h ich it· i. exp.osed, toO'ether h a degree of kill in pr o m tl ng one and remonn~ the th r, i called med ical educ tion .

F ll ow iug the sa m e alln.log -. kn owledge of t he products , laws an~ processes with whi.c>h men operate in the development of rn a · te n al r eso urces, a ccom 1anied b ' ome ki ll on appl inO' t hem to pra ct i cal life, we call indu tr ial edn tion . b A n ed u cation . nch as th i defin i tion calls for should impart both knowl edge and ski ll. An ed ucated m a n honld be trained to do som e th i n g as wel l as to know ometbing . H e mu t have a rms and the p ower to n se them . There i a sentimen tal view of education wh ic b ig n or es th is i m p or tan t tr uth. Those who hold it p r a te m uch of cu l t ure . using t h at word a nearly syn ny mous ~th p ol is h .

Now p ol is h i a good t hing in i ts p lace, and is obJection a bl e on ly w h en i t i. m a de a s ubstitute for som ething .bet ter. good ra zo r o ug h t to be p ol' shed but one which has nothin g but poli s h to r eco mme nd i t wo uld not sell well in market.. A hu~ an bein g ~~ o h a s n o m issi on in life bnt to act as a dummy on whiCh to e x ln b1 t som e bod y s li terary and classical polish is-a hu mbug.

The a cq ui si ti on of k n owledg e without skill to use i t is not educati on in th e best sen se ; n ei ther is t he acqnil'ing of skill al one properly call e d e d u cation .

Skilled l abor and educated l abor a re different; t he forme r m ay be gained by i m i t a t i on and rou tin e alone ; the latter req uires intellectu al effo rts i n a ddi tion . T he C hinese have m any skilled workmen, bu t fe w e duca t ed ones. A Chinese tailor und ertook to m ak e a coa t after t h e pattern of one fu r nished him, and imi tated it so closely t hat t h e n ew coat h a d a p atch on the elbow just like the old one.

In all edu cation for industria l ends, after the fund a men tal attainments of r eadin g and writing, which are th e m eans of gaining educa tion, r a ther than the thing itself-the subsequent training should bear some relation to the future life-work of the student.

How much of general study is best before a student gives any

,,j

5

66

REPORT OF THE

a ttention to special work, cannot be discu ssed he re. I will, howeve1· venture this suggestion : that many students are totally u n fitted for fut ure success in industrial callings by the stupefying efl'ects of the cram ming process sometimes mistaken for di s~:.ipl iuary study. . .

I ndustri al Education properly embodies these snbordmate Ideas : Knowledge of the materials with which the i ndustri es leal, and of the forces of natnre which are employed in productive lab or; skill in the mani pul ation of these materials and in strnment~d i ties used i n the man ufActure or growth of p roducts, and s ueh a bias of mind toward industrial p ursuits, such a belief i n thei r r espectability and utility, tha t the student will feel l ike ma1<ing th e m hi s life -work.

A.fter the fundamental arts of readi ng and writ ing are m aster ed, natu ral science and mathematics a re t he t rne foun dation fo r extended industrial education. A telegraph op er ator shou 1d be thoroughly versed i n the la ws and manifestations of electri~i ty ; a horticulturist should master the scien ces of vege ta ble p h ys10l ogy , ag ri cult ural chemistry, and ki ndrec1 su bj ects ; th e stock-b reeder should be acquai nted with animal physiology a n d a n atomy. And thus we mig ht go the ronnd of industrial p nrsnits, and we should find that each rests upon and draws useful facts from some theoretical science. B nt the student of Industria l science must not rest satisfied with abstract principles. He sho uld follow scien tific t ru th into the region where i t may serve to d irect i n the p r actical duties of life. For i nstance, a student of gener al entomol ogy might give n o more attention to the honey bee than to ~ny oth.er of the n umerous i nsects he studies. But the studeut of md ns tnal science studi es the bee in both its scientific and economi cal aspects He strives to discover how its h abits and instincts can be u tilized in the production of hum an wealth . .

The disposition to apply scientific truth to p r actlcal and hu mane uses is a characteristic of many of onr greatest men, past and present. The moment Davy discovered that flame would n ot p ass through wire gauze he at once applied the pri ncipl e to t h e construction of a safe~y lamp to prevent explosi ons i n coal m ines.

When FrankLin discovered th e identity of li g htning and elBct r ici ty , his :first thought was: how can i t b e u tili zed to prot ect p eopl e from danger, and t he lightning rod was th e resu 1t.

. U P ERINTE!'l'D E 'T OF PUBLIO Th' TRUCTION.

67

It i notorious t hat a man ma know much science and be utterly · unable to ap1l.r i t to any pr<ctctical u es. I have seen a teacher instructin cr a class in p h --iolo()'y the cience of living, in a r oom perfe tly i ·l,en ing from want of ventilation.

I t is !1 t so much what is t n()'bt as the manner and spiri t in which it is im pa rted that di tingnishes p urely scientific instruction from th at \Yhi h is both scientific and ind u trial.

O nce, i n consultat ion with the president of a state universi ty of an adjoin ing stn.te I asked h i m on what grounds he clai med that his insti t u t io n sh o uld b ranked as an ind ustrial school. H e said they taught chemistry and botany and mineralogy in it, and that these sc:iences wer e the fou n dation of many ind ustrial ar ts. Does the fac t th at lm man 1 h siolo()' ' i taught in a chool constitute it a med ical sch ool ? Or if the constitution of the United States is taught in a cou ntt·y a.cn.dem , doe that enti tle us to call i t a law sch ool ? Hardly. o more d e the mere teachin<Y of science in a n i nsti tu tion of learning con ti ute i t a u i nd u'tri al school.

Secondly, an in clnstr ial school must give i ts students training in m an ipulat ion , botl1 wi th the de ign f . ecuri ng more accu rate and r el iable scientific ];:n owledge, and a a means f k~eping up the trai ui ng of t he acti ve powers. Knowledge cont-inually poured upon the mind after a while snrfeits . To prevent this, there must be a constant stimul n s appli d to the active powers. Some one has said t hat "th e w i nd become sick wi th knowing and is cured by d oing." Every ter~cher .of chemistry knows that it is i~possibl e to teach th at scien ce sncces fully without laboratory practice.

To become ver sed in p ractical horticultu re a student must have p ractice in a n the arts pertaining to that p ursuit. He must prune, bu d l bO'raft l train, and cu1ti vate . He must stud • the real "2:rowingo p lant, w ith all natu re's m ysterious forces at work within aod about it. He m nst get kn owledge at fir t band from nature, not through books alone. So, too, iu agriculture and k indred branches. I t is not eno ug h t h a t h e sho uld stu y the sciences whi ch bear on and u nderlie t he a r ts of tanni ng . He must study them in their relations to real life. To know the gCJOd poi nts of a living ani mal he m ust s t udy the livi ng a nim al, n ot a picture or description of it· And so on · thro ug h the whole r ouud of h uman industries, knowledo-e a nd skill sho ul d o·o band in h an d- knowled2:e to direct in t he ~

"'

E>

'-'

68

REP ORT OF 'J'll lt

acquirement of skill , and skill to render k n o wl e d ~c m or e defi- . nite.

Thirdly, tbe stud ent of ind ustri al education should r ecei ve such instructi on and dwell amid such surroundings as wi1l t urn hi thoughts toward the pursuit of the indu tri es, in stead of away fi·om them . If the disposit ion of teachers and the gen er al sp iri t of a scho ol are such as to draw students away from indn tr ial pursnits and lead them to crowd the ranks of the already over-full profession s, that is not the spirit of au industri al sch ool. I do not cl aim that because a young man was born on a farm, t ha t it i s any reason why be should always stay there. On th e contrary, I would give the fullest opportunity for every young man to achi eve the destiny to which be feels called. But it is notorions th at in many of the schools any employment not professional is sn eer ed at hy a majority of both teachers an d students. Thi s m ay do in schools for the professions, bnt is utterly out of p lace and sho uld not be tolerated in an industri al schoo l.

Instead or this, the spiri t which should prevai l in an ind us trial school is that which treats manual labor as honorable, just in proportion to the •min d which the labo rer brings to it.

There are diminutive souls ·who think any kind of manu al la bor degrading; there are others who by some kind of inco11cei vable logic have convinced themselves that selli ng turnips is a much mo~e dignified employment than gr owing t hem, or t h a t standing behmd a counter measurin g off ri bbons is more refin ed and elevated employment than stand ing behind a loom and weaving the~. I prefer to think with Horace Mann , "It is ever y way cr editable to handle the yard-stick and measure tap e ; t h e only discredit consi sts in having a soul whose range of thought i s as sh o rt as the stick and as narrow as t he tape."

These are some of the leading·peculiarities of in dustrial educa tion that distinguish it from what may be call ed a pnre1y scie ntific or literary education.

It may not be amiss to rem ark, in passing, th at a farm er or mechanic is also a citizen, and bas a citizen's rights, and r ests under the cit izen's obligations. In thi s he is not different from oth ers.

The more soun d his education, the better he will be a ble to comprehend the duties of a citizen and the more effectivel y t o dis-

SUP ~~ RINTENDE

'1' OF PUBLIC IN TRUC'l'IO ' .

69

. charge t he m. .A.11 indn trial education for this rea ou, ought to embod y som e kno w led a-e of our ove rnruent<-1.1 tructnre and of political econ o my. ~n e t ions of tlu~ g reatest uational it'nportance arc frequently decid ed by t h e vo tes f \\orking men at tbe ballot box. I i t no t of th e high est i mpor tan ce th at all ·barged with the decision of such m omcn to us q ne t ion s shou ld be able to bring to that decision n ot on l.) a cul t ivated in tell ig ence and a tend r co nscience but an honesty :tbovc us piciou . T he gre t ues of ~L natiou does not de pend on tho nu1•1 be r o f bale of cotton produced or the number ?f bush els _of corn o-r wn so much a on the intelligence, patriot18m, an d h1gh m oral cha racter of its ci tizen ~ .

Wlm t e nds are to be g a ined by fostering inc! us tri al ed ncat~on?

These a.re num e r o u ·. I can mention but a few .

1. Give. tbe· fa r mer or mechanic lll0re knowledo-e of bis bu iness n .and he will produce more with a o-i ven a mount of labor. The raw materird he prod uces cau t hus be furnished cheaper to the manufacturer, and in th e end all classes will get m re of the material comfo r ts o f lite fl-om a g i1 e n expend it ure f hum<Lll labor.

No one bu t those wh have given special atten tion to the subj ect can fully r ealize th e eno rm ous increase in hu man comforts · broug h t in by o ur modern civil ization . I n the fifteenth cen tury, when a piece of la nd '"' as sold whoever had i t rented lost hi , crop whi ch went with tbe hnd. Recall the couri tiou f fa. 1·ming i~ Great Brita i n wh en a law bat.! to be p<t:>scd requir iug a 1i:trmer to sow a t least o n e bushel of wheat · or one forbiddin o- him to draw ' 0 ~he plow by fas te n i ng i t to his horse's tail, or a n enactmen t making It a p enal offence for a man to plow 1vith an implement which he h ad not made. Im agi ne the a mount of human toil saved by the int1:oducti on of w ind, water, an d steam power. WLat an enormous amount of hum a n l abor i t m ust have required to g rind the grain of a g reat na t i. ou by hand mill::;. A nd yet t.hese improvemen ts are ' compar a tiv ely moder ll .

But the poi nt to be s pecial l.Y noted is t hat a l improvements in the condition of worki ng men have been prod uced by and contemporaneous w i th a corresponding advance in intelligence auiong them· 2. .A. great savin g w ill result from the diffu sion of industrial training.

70

UEPORT

F 'l'U E

A very moderate knowledge of the s im pler p ri nciples of meas applied to fa rm machin ery, un iversally d itfn eel among farmere would save us hu ndr eds of thousan ds of doll a rs ever y year in the di minished wear and tear of farm impl ements a n d machinery . I g norance on the par t of those who use m achi ner y shor tens the lifetime of our far m implements a nd m achin ery fnlly one-half.

Again, there are many boys of a practical tn l'fl of mi nd -rho do not relish the abstractions to whi ch they arc now co nfilled at school , and who on this accoun t leave as soou as v ossi bl e. lany of these might beco me admirable schola rs, ex per t worker s, and useful men, if they could be educated in a well ma naged ind ustr ial school. Snch boys can be reached only through th e ir activities. Awaken their in telligence through acti ve l a bor, and y ou will find them seize upon k nowledge p resented t h roti gh this ~h an­ nel wi th avidity, when the same presented in the ord i na r y a bstract form would be treated wi th indifference.

H ow may indust.rial education be promoted ?

1. By a rousing the public to a sense of i ts im p or ta nce, an d hy disseminating just views of its cha racter and r esn lts. .

2. By making certain cha nges and i mprovem e nts i n t h e ki n d of education furnished in our pu blic schools.

The term i nd ustri al education, as h a::; been said, i s u sed t o mean two differ ent thi ngs : F i r st- Training in the m a nu al arts, which make up some trade-that is, l earnin g a t rade. E u r op ean tr ade schools are frequ ently refe n ed to as one form of ind u strial education . S econd- lnstn ction in s uch kind s of kn owled ge as fit for the intelligent acquirem en t and sut:cessfn l p urs ui t o f som e industrial calling .

ch ani c~,

INDUSTRIA L E DUCATION IN THE COMMON SCH OOLS.

Traini ng in ma nn al ar ts to a ny con si derable extent i n o u r com m on schools for the present seem s impracticable . Bnt i t would not seem diffi.c nlt so t o shape our instruction in t h e public sch ool that it will better fit the pupils for acqui rin g industria l p ursui ts, without in the least im pairing i t s u sefulness for o t h er .purp o ses.

Referring t o what was said i n a p r eceding page on the e le m en ts of an industrial education , it will be seen th a t m uc h m ay b e don e

~C

I'F: I IN T I•: · oENT 01: l ' L' U I.l

Jl:\:HHO C'l 'lUJ\ .

11

e ven in our cl e mcnta r cho l t tit he pupils tor the acquirem ent of indn s tr i<d e mpl o. ·ment. Three tbina may be mentioned as printa r,y and fnnd a me n tal : R eading of our lang uage as embodied in wri tte n or prin ted word and also the lanauage of form as embodi ed in dra wi ngs. 1he art of gaining knowledge from the p r inted p age s hnn] d be tano-ht earl ystematically, and th_oronghl y . ~r ot onl · the a bilit to read but a ta te fo r r eadmg. should be i npar tecl . nd next t thi in i mportance to the futu re a r ti san is the p owe r t o read dra wina to ge knowledge through the gmphic bw g nage, which peak to the e e through vi ible forms, a nd whi c h is n ow tho onl · univer a.l language. __ S ecnud-Pnpils sh ould be careful! trai ned in the power to give exp re sion to thong h t iu the t wo forms of writing and drawing.

Tlii7·r.i-The a r t of co mpnta.tion for busi ne pu rposes and the k eeping of a ccoun ts. . . These I t a ke to be t he esse ntial f a good common school ed ucation . Every pup il who re mains iu school to the age of twelve hould have acqu i red t hem tboronghlj by that time. I believe tha t if o ur schools were all as well taught and mana.ged as a re the b est, th is co uld and would be done. .

I t i s t r ue that with t he exception of drawing all of these thi ngs are tau o-ht wit h mo re or less skill in our sch ols. Bnt in some sch oo ls~a.n cl sch ools repor ted a mong the best- the teaching of these fu ndam e n tal a r ts i s so hindered by unfa.vorable conditions by the mul t ip li ci ty of other things thrust npon the child's attention by a l ifel ess, mecha nical , unthinki ng way of teachino-, that while ther e i s a great noise of machinery and bu t little real work d one. Let me u ot be m isunderstood here. I think the teachers of Nebrask a a re not i nfe rio t· iu zeal, intelligence, or skill to those of an y ot he r state. And yet I think there is roo m for improvemen t . I s i t s t ra nge that there should be ? A maj ori ty of our to<tcber s-an d t h e same is t r ne f other states-have had less than t wo year s ' expe r ience. Yo u can hard ly expect young men a.nd women , with su ch a li m i ted · exper ience, to comprehend the inll m eaning of all that th ey d o. It is for those who from greater experien ce a nd more extend ed stu dy ha\ e come to see more clearly the bear i ng of m eans n pou e nds in ednmLtion, to direct this elemen tat·y wor k i n t h e bes t cha n nels.

72

REP ORT OF THg

Undoubtedly we are making progress in the rig h t direetion .

Bn t progress will not be hastened if the defects of ou r teaching a1·e never po inted out, or the means of doinrr better s nggestcd .

I have form ed t he op in ion that co ntinuous edncatiuna.l progress in the right direction requires that\ e mu.;l attend to certain condi t ions. These are : 1. Concentrate the pupil's attention on fewe r s ubj ec ts, and t h u s develop the po wer of continuous work.

2. Disti ngui sh betwee n knowl edge and skill; and reme mher that skill cannot be acquired but uy practice.

W hen yo u wish to test a p upil's kn owledge of an a.rt call upon him to p1·actice the art, not ismply to tel l how i t onght to be done.

4. 'elect. the useful and necessary p a rts of a ri thm etic for earl y study, and leave those which are only curious--s uch as "~.;asting out t he nines,"" arbitration of exchange," "circul ates. " etc., etc.

-to the high school or the college.

5. Teach the use of the English languag e in tlJe only way i t can be done-by a bundant practi ce under the g uidan ce of a teacher who can herself write easily, and l eave the st ud y of theo ret ical gram mar to the higher schools.

6. Teach ind ustrial drawing-which is not m e re pi ct ure.- m aking-in connection with penm anshi p fr o m t lt e begin n ing of the school course.

7. Measure the ad vancemen t of the pupils, not mer el y by wh at they hnow, but by wh at they can do .

These seem to me to be the ieadi ng conditions of the best e le mentary scholastic training for those who will follow industri a l pursuits. I ndeed, I think snch trainiug w o uld be eq nally good for all classes.

I do not mean to inti mate that this sho uld be the ex t en t of the training of those wh o are to be the workers of society . By no means ; all t hat is i ntended is to i nsist upon th e pro p e r acqu i rement of t hese fnndam entn.l things.

I NDOSTRJ AL EDUCATION TN SECONDARY SC HO O L S .

All that I have indi cated as possi ble in t he direction of i nd ustri al education in th e prim ary an d un g raded school s may well be continued in th e higher schools.

t>U P .b. IUI\ TI:;lSDENT OF PUBL £

IN

R UOTIO •

73

Bu t in ce r ta in in stan ·es omet h in (T more can and should be do ne.

There seem no ret ·on why in onr larger towns there may not be establi sb e d schools fur the t1· iuiog of y un(T men an d boys in manual a r ts. In modern vhraseolog a t rade sch ol i a place where p e r so u s ar·e taug ht tr de . A chool of manual arts is a school where n o trades ~re tauCTht bu t onl the man ual arts that und e rlie tho t r a.de.:>, and wh ich mu t be learned before one can work at a trade. For exam ple d xterit in t he use of a fi le is an art whi ·h nearly all worke r " i n metal must posses before they can be m aste r s of any metal-working trade. o soldering, weld ing, temperi n ~ cr ' for ~o-in b 0' cte are all a rt not p culiar to any one• t rade ' ., but com lll o n to m an.) . In the t r ade hool a lar(Te m s f materi al and appl ia nces mus t be ac n m ul a ted bet' re the work ofl arning a t rad e i s begun . T hen th teach ing i expensive for i 11 a conside ra ble p a rt of i ns t r ucti ve mechani s i t takes one man to teach another. B u t in the schoo l of m an ual ar t a wh le cia scan be taught by ou e in s tr n to r. Cl ass in struction is obviousl cheaper t h an individua l te< chin g . Agai n, in t he trade 'chools where the pupils make th in gs to sell ei t her the super vision mu t be co n ~tan.t, close, and co n seq ue o tly e xpeusi ve, or else so much maten al 1s spoil ed that con sta n t; l oss occurs.

On the othe r h an d, the materi a l a nd ap pliances of the school of arts are comparatively inexpensi e. .

At the Boston Scho ol of Arts the enti re materi als for use of a stud en t in Jearniug chipping, filing. fitting, hack-sawing, an d shaping, cost but ten do ll a r s. The old-fashioned apprentice system has go ne forever . But few boys of A merican ~arentage ~ow l~arrr trades or become skilled workmen. Our skilled labor ts raptdly g oin o- into the h an d s of forei o-n-born mechanics. · If we are to b b f . h maintain o ur standincr in mech a uical skill, we must urms some su bstitute for the a;p renticeship system . This the schools of m anual arts seem to do.

Th oug h they do not teach comp~ete tra(\es, they teach t hose parts of the trades which are most dtffi.cult to learn and t h ose wh ich r equire the greatest mauual dexterit_y. .And the class system so cheapens the . necessary cost of in struction that instructors of the h i 0o-hest skill may be employed .

• Persons who desire to see h ow much m ay be done m a short

74

REPORT OF TH E

time in the way of teaching manu al arts are i nvi ted to call at th e school departm ent and exam ine t he work of a stud ent of t he Boston School of Arts. T hey will see evidence t hat a s t nden t in fifteen weeks of practi ce, giving twel ve h ours a week to i t, acq u ired as m uch skill in worki ng soft iron, cast me tal , a nd stee l as is usu ally acquired in a shop in three yea t·s by an aver age app re n tice.

There are many incidental advantages in approach i ng t he mec h anic arts i n this way. When a boy enters a shop a£ a n app re n tice, he usually leaves school for good ; but i n the sch oo l .of arts h e m ay contin ue his educati on while he is lear ni ng th e cleme nts of a trade. Again, train iug in m an ual arts is an excell ent discip li ne for the student. I t teaches hi m to be exact, to be carcfu I, tu " wor k to the mark," not to do thi ngs nearly ri g ht b nt exactly ri g h t . l t is also of g reat nee to th at class of l?oys w h ose ph y sical acti vity is vigorous and who like to exercise .th eir m u scles in some way. Such boys are delig hted, because it n ot onl y g i ve th em a motive fo r physical exertion i n a profita ble d irection , b n t i t shows them the application of computa tion and dr awi ng to bu si n ess.

It seems to me that this syste m of teachin g m anual ar t s mi g ht p rofitably be introdu ced in to the follow ing schools : 1. The I nd ustri al D epar t men t of our State Uni ve rs ity . T his institution having a Uni ted States L a nd Gra nt g i ve n i t ex pressly to aid in maintaining a school whe re a mong oth er t hi ngs sh a ll be taug ht such thi ngs as tend to promote th e liber al a n d p r ac ti cal ed u c::~.ti o n of the industri al classes, woul d seem th e p roper seh ool to be th e pioneer in such a n en terprise.

2. The I nstitution for the D eaf an d Dum b . Th is sch ool i s n ow doing some good work in teachi ng i ts i nm a tes b ow to mak e t heir own li vin g. The systematic teachi ng of m a nu al a r ts won1 d add gr eatly to thei'r facilities in thi s directi on .

3. Th e State R eform Sch ool , wh en open ed . Durin g t h e w in ter months, when far m work is suspe nd ed, t lt e teach in g of m a n nal arts could go on in doors. This wo uld be especi ally acce ptable to those of the inm ates who h a ve a m echani cal turn o f mind .

4. The larger towns and cities co uld well affo rd to m a i ntain such schools in con nectio n wi th their p nbli c sch ools, o r t h e cit ies mig ht aid a benevolent cor po ration th at sh o uld und ertak e snch a work. I think it would be a most h appy a r ra n g e m e n t if a sch ool

RUl'ERlNTEi':DE"N T

OF P "BLJ

INl'TR

TON .

75

of m a nn a! a r ts conlcl be pened i n he ci tie duri ng t he lo ng summ er vacation s, in which the bo o of twelve to ~i "teen co uld be trai ned fo r two or three h our a day . ot long ago , one of our l eading ci tiz ns, a man f wea lth a nd culture .id to me that he sh ould prize s u h an opportunit for hi bo . The demand for sk illed labor is sten. lil > increasing. hlachiner ·d e mn ch of t he un skill ed l abo r, bnt it take cul tivated brain to manage th rn ahines.

T h e idea of t r aining schoo ls for the mechan ic art i comparatively new, hut is m ee tin g with f· vor from thoug h tful people who are wi1lin <r to e x a m ine its merit . T here i a chool of this kind in conn ect ion with t he Mas ach uset tsin t it nte f Tech nolog · one a t P a rdue nivc r si ty , in Ind ia na · one at \"Va bi ngton niver.,ity, in St. L on i ; :tnd scverd ot h er~; n t now recalled .

T ilE

l lfG II El~

IND

TRI AL ED

Tl()N

whi ch t h e ·ta te sh o nlu f u roish is already in so m mea nre provi ded for .

In 18 62 C o ng r ess p a ssed " a n act d na ting lands to the several sta tes an d t e rri to r ies w hicb m ay provide colleges for the benefit of A g ri c ultu r e a n d t h e M ech an ic A r ts." The fourth ect~on ?f t his ac t r eq uires t· h a t each state accep ting this grant shall maw tam a " coll ege w h e re t h e leadi ng I j ect hall be * ·x to teach su ~h bran ch es of l ear nin g as a r e r elated to ag ri culture and the mechamc a r ts, ·:< in o r der to p r om ote the li ber al and practical education of the i nd us tri a l clas es in t he several pursui ts a nd prot'es· sion s in life ."

It is p lain t h a t t h is ac t was n ot i n tended to add a few more literar y coll eo-es to t he h un d reds t hen in existence. T he title, the b wo rdin g , t h e scop e of th e act, a nd the speeches in cong ress ad vocatin g i t, a ll g o to sh ow tlt a t t he rulin g purpose was " to p rom o t~ th e li ber al a nd practi cal educa ti on of the industrial classe -: Tt was t h e first nation a l mo vemen t toward the practical recogm tion of indu stri a l educa ti on .

B_y a n ac t of o ur legisla ture, passed Febt'llary, 1869, the state accepted the d o n ati o n of 90 ,000 acres of land offe red by the General G overnm e nt, a n d m a de p ro vision fo r performin g its part of the co n t rac t. In 187 2, t he agri c ultural college was formally ·N

76

REPORT OF T HE

opened; in 1875 the first student was g radua ted; and from that ti me to this the college has continued in existence, with va rying fortunes. The grant of land, in consideration of which the college was established, is sti11 unsold, and is worth to-day no t less than $300,000! If all sold at the mi ni mum consti tutional price, it would bring the magnificent sum of $630,000-an endowm en t sufficient to keep up a first-class industrial school of the h ig hest rank for all time to come, without expense to the state. Surely such a magnificent gift to the state will jnstit:y us in pay i ng t he meagre su ms necessary, from year to year, to ful fill the r equi re ments of t he United States law, and en::tble ns to retai n our ti tle to t he land. 'fhe law under wh ich our university is orga nized provid es for what is calJed an industrial college; and for som e yea rs i nstruction i n agricul ture, horticulture, and related su bj ects has been given to all who 11pply. Besides this reg ular instruction to students who reside at the college for two or three years, t he r egen ts of the university have allowed the acting professor of agriculture to be absent fro m the u niversity d uring the winter term, iu order that he might assist in conducting a series of farmers' i nsti tu tes in different parts of the state. These meetings of th e farmers for m utual improvement by the discussion of r ur al a:flairs h ave been productive of much good. P erhaps no other arra ngemen t m ade by the universi ty. bas given more general satisfaction t ha n this.

Meetings of this kind tend to diffuse a k nowledge of better m ethods of farming, and when directed and assisted by a n educated man they stimulate to thought and imp rovement. ' There is a curious ig norance in some parts of the stat e both as to what is done at the agricultural college and wh at ought to be.

I ven ture to p resent some opinions on this vexed su bject : I n addition to the provision already made : 1. The1·e should be in the winter a course of lect ures, lasting from two to four weeks, delivered by specialists on differ ent subj ects connected wi th fa rming. These lectures should be free to all who desire to attend them, without the requisi tion of regula r entran ce fees to th e universi ty. I n time such courses of lectures would be attended by many of our young and thoughtful fa r mer s a nd wo uld do much good.

2. The ambi tious student should be encouraged to seek his re-

SUPERI T ENDE•"r

OF

P

BLI

II'>

&

CTJ UN .

77

ward in th fiel d of aari cnlture rather th \ll el ewhere. To this end a eri es f 1 r izc ~nght t b offered t tude~ ts who would carr on f r a year S• m u seful cour e of experi ments or who bonld m a k e i n vesti•ratiou ~ of i mportance in some n efnl direction, of subj ects con nected with agri nltu re or hor ticulture. T he possit~ aae ted b the fact that a few years bili ties i n th i s di r ecti,m a r ago ou t f th r ' t' prize offered b the State B ard of o·ricnlture, two-one of $GO an.l on of $100- were -en b.Y students of our agricnl t ural collcg .

3. Ou r in l n trial 'l1l leO'e ho nld e made a central source of progressi v m ovements in rur ,1 affair . I t should be the n ursing mothe r of c h o ice spi r i ts from who e zeal energy, learning, and practical sagacity a l'ea+- i mprovement i n agriculttW'e mi ght reasonably be expectctl . o I t should t r i n up a band of oung men to be pioneer s a n d e n t h n si a tic Ie der i n agricultural improvemen t.

Let i t train these you ng m en to k ill in and a taste for agricnlt~­ ral exper imen t . Thi s ca n be done b carrying on t hrough their means a o-e ne r ou s course of experim en sin the college i t elf. We ' o-s t u 1ea rn 10 . t h'1s new ~ tat a bou t tlJe capabilities h ave m ano y t h 1n 0 ' l ·d I' · f o SOl an c 1m ate a n d adaptatiOn of• cr op . Th ese experiments . . might be of O'J·eat val ne t o t he state in their resul ts, aslde from . use a s a b m ean s ot. d velopm • • d th mr g ta te anu..J JU gme 11 t in the student s.

The ag ri c u l tura l colJeo-e sho uld be a place for the di covery of • 1 new agric ul t u r a l i deas. ~::>By lectures, by newspaper ar tlC es, by .reports pu blish ed, by fa r mers' institu tes, and by every other ~vail~. . . fi . h Ild be d1ssem1. str nme n ta11ty, bl e m aO'rJCU 1t nra1 m ormatwn s ot b b nated thr ou g h o u t t he :ta te. L et us not be hampered too roue . Y ~ · h pie the liD· preceden t a nd r ou ti ne. The advancement of t e peo . ' . provem en t of the st a te, should be the ends held steadily lD viC~·.

I n this pra irie state there see ms a special necessi ty for the I S. t Ion ' · a n d sk· 1'll m · h or t JCU . lt m·al i mprovement. sem1na o f' a t a ste for . . . .

1 · this dll'ect10n.

0 ur stat e h or ticul t ural soCiety has done muc 1 J IJ . harmony w1t · h 1't lD · m · vestiO'ation 'I'he co11ege sh ould work 1n o .of the principl es u nderly ing successful horticultural practice. A ll Its gradua t es sh ould b e imb ued with a taste for horticultural pleasures.

T he .studen t sh ould li ve his entire school life among the waving

78

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.

REPORT OF TilE

trees and fruitful orchards. The tas tes thus in stilled an d dili gently culti vated , when warmed by the agreeable association s of uni versity life, would be a j oy forever to their fortun ate possesso r.

Many of our people have lived so long on the treeless prairies that they have to some extent lost their taste for horticultural deli g h ts, or if they do try to beautif:y their homes, the work is slowl y and poorly done because of their lack of knowledge of th e u ecessary conditious of successful tree-growing in this clim a te.

This an d much more may be done thro ugh its stud ents.

But there is another line of work of great im po r tance, not directly i n the way of instruction to stud ents, which would have to be done by the faculty, but in which the studen ts m ight assis t with great profit" to thfmsel ves : The Agricullural College should have facili ties fo r testing seed s' both as to their purity and germinating qualities. Immense numbers of po~r and impure seeds are brought i nto th e state every year. With our college properly equ ipped for th e purpose, g reat good might be done by testing samples of these seeds-to the public, dir ectly in saving it from impos ition, and indirectly by leading the pupils to become acquainted with such wo rk.

There is a wide range of experiments that need fo be tri ed in this new coun t ry. It is eminently proper that these sho uld be car ried on at public expense, and tbe resulting kn owledge comm u n icated freely to the p ublic.

Encourage the attendance of young men who are in dustrious and enterprisi ng, but poor, by providing paid labor by which they can earn a part of their current expenses. These wod:ing stu-. dents should live on the college farm, where they m ay b e con tinu ally surrounded by such influences as tend t o fos ter a taste for rural pursuits. They should be taug ht to r espect i~nm in g as a calli ng in which in tellect may be e rnployed as mu ch as in any other, and honor it as the pursuit that feeds all others.

There are some who hold to the mi staken opi nion that an agricultural college farm should be made to yield a p ecunia ry returnthat it should "pay its way."

The object of the college if! to furnish -instr''l.tetion, not to carry on fa rm ing for profit . The p rod uct we should seek to get from it is educated farmers-not money. I can think of no reason which

79

would justi(y the s tate i n car rying on a farm for mere immediate pecuni ary pr ofit. The congressional ]and grant was made for no such p urpose. Of co urse the fa r m should be canied , on as economicall y as possible, consistent with its tru e purpose as a means of i nstru ction in agri cultu re. T o be used as a means of instruction, a college far m needs many things which would have no, place on a fa rm run with a view to in~m edia te pecun iary profit. You cannot make studen ts familiar with the characteristics of different breeds of cattle, unless the cattle are there to be st"udied . On our coll ege farm a re kept fo nr breeds of cattle, all. of wh ich are valuable fo r purposes of i nstru ction, but not to be commended as an . vestment fo r pecuniary profit. The same is true of other kinds :;;. stock. So, too, man y different kinds of CI·ops, a nd many varie. s of trees are plan ted and culti ~rated because needed for p urposes tJ e in str uction; while, · •t· · fit was consr"d ered , a very of 1 pecnm ary pro differen t course wo~ld b~ taken. . . .

T aking these thwgs wto consrderatwn, It may be seen that it would be far from just to mea~ure the success or failure of a n agricultural college b,y the pecnmary success achieved in carrying on the farm .

Su ppose we apply the same rul e to the other departm ents of the university and_ dem a nd. t~ at the philosophi cal apparatus, the entoolog·ical cal:Hnet, the hbrary, a nd t he chemical labo ratory shall 111 . d t·o " pay tllelr . way, " and show at the end of the ch be reqmre ea · t f' · t h e coffers of the university rear a cer tall1 , amouu . o ~Ion ey m -~c]e<1T prnfit. Th e, t lnng 1~ a bsurd, yon see; a nd yet , in m a ny . d " the success ot the agncu1tura.l college is measured by this tXJ. l !)

"

bsnrd rule. a Th ese th i ngs cost m oney , ?f c~urse. ·w:hy should yon expect to t somethin g ont of no thmg m edn cahon mo re than in tra de~ gc roaY m.ake the bnrden cem li g hter to rem emb er t hat t h e GeneG~vcrnment has gi ven ns a bonus of $300,000 for k eeping up T <' . ~wricn ltnra.l colleg·e; that th e state is becoming each year from tJ11S ~"> • ] • f 1 . d . ,90 OOO to $50,000 r1 c 1er m consequeuce o t 1e mcrease val ue of $h..,. ' na- 1·1iticent endowment. And after accenting this rich leo-acy t J S l 11 "o . ' . ~. o. from Uncle Sam, s ~utl l we go a.h out p1~eo n sly whmmg because, forth we are reqm red to pay fi ve or SJX thousand doll ars a year to soo . ' h . . . h ~ retain a land g rant t at 1s p ay m g u s ten t1mes as muc .

1_\

80

R EPORT OF TffE

Who does not kn ow that the cities would become emascul ated , e:ffeminated, debilitated, and depopulated in a few generations, were it not for the steady stream of sturd,y, hon est, hear ty life that continu ally flows from the cou ntry i nto t hem . And shall this class that fu r nishes nine .tentb s of the fo od a nd th r ee-fou r ths of the brai ns of all the professions be for ever cheated out of s uch means of edncation as are adapted to thei r wants, and be compelled to accept a pr ofessional education or n one ~ I can not bel ieve it . I confidently hope fo r a nd ex pect a better day.

• T he t i'Ue dignity of agriculture must not appear in the borrowed lustre of tb e great men who have followed it, but in i ts union with true culture and its direction by the h ighest intelligence.

Belief in its present worthiness, hope for i ts i mprovement, and joy in its p romise must inspire the farmer as h e drives hi s p low a field; and the great public must come to believe-as it now does in public schools-i n the importance, t he possibility , and the necessi ty of industrial education.

•

REVISION OF THE SCHOOL LAW. The pr esen t school law was enacted more th a n ten y ear s ago .

I t was made a continuous act, and the sections n umbered co nsecutively. During the years since its enactm ent ch anges h ave been made in several of its provisions; some things h a ve been r e p ealed and some added. To make these chang es without altedng the origin al n urn bering of the sections was in some cases difficult, a nd led to complicated ''provisos," and i n some cases sections have beeu inserted entirely out of their proper connection, because th ere happened to be at that particul ar place a vacant section number where a secti-on had been re pealed. These several causes have tended to make the law more complex and less easily u nder stood.

Two years ago a complete revision of the law was ofl:ered to the legislature, was carefully gone over line by line by the education committees of the two houses, an d met with gener al favor. Ow-

f> U PJJ;RlNTENDENT -OF PUBLIO INSTRUCTION.

81

ing to the late day on which it was offered as a bill, i t failed to ge t through.

The attention of the legislature is again called to that revision.

Du ri ng the past two years i t has und ergon e the careful scrutiny of all th e leading ed ucators in the state, and is generally conceded to be much more plain, compact, convenient of reference, a nd every way more satisfactory than tbe present law.

The general plan is to e mbody in one enactmen t all the school Jaws of t he state. These have been a rranged under the foll owing beads : I. School Distri cts.

II. Dis tri ct Meetings.

III. Di strict Officers. El ection .

IV. Distri ct Officers. Powers and D uties.

V . District Board . P owers and Duties.

VI . High School Districts.

VII. The County Superintendent.

VIII. The State Superin tendent.

J:X:. The Teachers. )[_. Teachers' Institutes.

-_x:r. School Funds.

-_x:rr. School Sites. )[III. The State Normal Scho ol. )[IV. The State Universi ty.

J._V. Schools in Cities.

The sectior:s of each su.b-cha pter are numbered sepa rately, so tb ttt at any tnne n ew sectwns m ay be added just where they be-

long· ..

1 or repea1ed prov1srons Obsolete, unusel, were left out, and court . • ons on points of school law inserted.

The notes and expladectS 1 . . . on s hitherto published wrth the law were largely incorporated in t na I text of the revrsron. . .

N o ra d'rcal or extensrve . ch anges were the k . . • Alll the blan -snow muse would contmue to be used wi thrna de · out ehange, and the general management of the system rema in as now. . ..

The followmg are some of t he prmmpal ch anges made in the law as it now stands : l. Requi re a petition to be signed by two -thirds of the vote rs

6

82

REPOR T OF T HE

i n a distri ct to compel a division, instead of one-h alf, as now.

A lso, to require two- t hirds from each p art of the distri ct, as i t will be when divided, instead of as i t is now, wh en a m aj ority i n one end of a d istrict can cut o~ a mi nori ty a t th e oth er end, wheth er such minority wish i t or n ot. Man y i n stan ces of g r oss inj u stice in the operation of the present la w h ave com e t o the k nowled g e of t he departm ent.

2. T o forbid the fo r mation of new dis tric ts betwee n t h e first of Jan u ary and the fi rst of A ug ust of any year . T his is to p r event eompl icati ons a bou t tax levies a nd t he distr ibuti on of t ile state appor tionment .

3. Under t he law, as i t now is, the superin tendent is r eq uired t o determine wh at isjust"Vy due from an old dist rict to a new, b u t t he manner of doing t his, specified in the law, will in m a ny ca ses work g reat injustice. The revision g ives t he superinte n d e n t m or e discretion , so tha t he m ay m ake in many cases a fairer a ward than is now possi ble without violati ng t he letter of the l aw.

4:. Wherever the division of property by the su peri n tendent is not sati sfactory, pr ovision is made for a n arbi t ration by dism terested par ties, under set forms, by wh ich t h e wh ole mat ter m ay be adj usted fairly to all.

5. Requires persons to reside in a sch ool district a t leas t forty days before allowin g them to vote.

6. R es tricts t he school tRx t o 15 mills on the dollar, a nd buildi ng tax to 10 mills.

7. Provides that elected or appoin ted officer s sh all hold for the u nexpi red term .

8. A llow t he director and moder a tor to requi r e a n ew bond when they h ave reason to thi nk that t he tr eas urer's bo nd is in valid.

9. Forbjds other school officers becoming sureties fo r the t reas ur er , or being party to a sch ool con t ract except as offici al s of the di strict..

• 10. Require the director to make his r ep ort to t h e county superintenden t u nd er oath , stating that a b ond with g ood secQrity b a s been taken of the t reasurer, and fo r bid the county t r easurer to pay over t h e June apportion ment u n til this r eport is r eceived.

11. W h en money h as been raised ~ pay bonds or t o build a

S UPERINT ENDENT OF P UBLIC INSTRUCTION.

83

school-h ouse, and of this a s urplus is l eft, the district is au thorized, a t the a n n ual meeting, to transfer these surplus fund s to so m e other pu rpose.

12. Provides fo r the for m of ackn owledging a deed by school boar ds.

13. T o provide a satisfacto ry way of ob tai ni ng school site.

T H E T EXT -llOOK QUESTION.

T here is no p roblem co nnected wi th our school sys tem m ore difficult to sol ve thau thi s. So far as can be ascer tained th e si t uation emains abo ut t he same as t wo year s ago. A t the last session of ~he leg isla ture, two bills pro viding for cer tain changes in tex tbook arrangemen ts were ofl:'e red, but neither was p assed . These bills both provided fo r a commission to select a series of books for the State, and to m ake contracts with publishers for a supply at r ed uced rates. One bill provided a commi ssion of twel ve, consistin.,. of t wo persons from each judicial di strict ; the other m ade th e ~m issi on consis t of the county sup erin tend ents or a m aj ori ty ~~ tbem. These bills were offered in good faith, and wi th a sincere desi re to sett~e this vex.ed q uestion. While thi s is fully conceded, I do not thmk tha t ei ther pl.a n woul d suct:essfull y meet the d ifficulty .

THE FREE TEXT- B OOK PLAN

to be steadily g rowing in to favor . T wo years aO"o. bu t sevseeJJ1 8 . . . . o , _:five d 1stn cts were repor ted to furm sh text- books fr ee . n ow en ty . d h 1 ' ' 6 distncts h ave adopte t e p an . An extended corresp ondence 2~ h t he officers of these dist ricts furni sh es sa ti sfactory evidence wit on t he wh ole the plan is decidedl y · successful. B u t three disthat d d . , . t h ave been repor te as a op tmg tne pl an a nd after wa rds g ivt fl C S 1· s tn .ets m . w h 1c . h the m eth od i s on t ri al . 0 .,. it up.

Nearly a ll t h e cI I to ti s:fied and many ar e en thusiastic over it. ar e sa ' . .

F ro m re po r ~ r ecei ved from abont one hundred di stricts , it is furni shed in th is wav f.oun cl th a t t he average an nual cost of books .

J ' . li ttle less than seventy -five cen ts for each pupil. The d iffer IS a ·.a: d. . . . en ce I·n cost in dwer ent llBtncts _ seem s to an se m some cases from .a rnore judicious purchase of book s, but m ore common1y it depend s

•

•

84

SUPERTNTE NDENT OF P UB LIO INST RUCTION.

REP ORT OF Tfffi

upon t h e care exercised by the boar d in provi din g fo r t h e safe· keep ing of the books.

A fe w di stricts have adopted the plan of p urch a si ng boo k s m qu an ti ties, at wholesale p rices, and selling them to the p upi ls a t cost. This p lan seems to give satisfacti on wh er ever t r i ed .

When the ex treme di versity of views on the t ext-book q u e ti on i s con sidered, it seems almost nseless to r ecomm en d an ythi ng in regard to it. But I venture these t w0 r ecom m endations, and it is believed that th ey will be end orsed by th e g reat b ul k of th e best teachers of the State : 1. That the l aw should req nire a nd enforce b y a d equ ate p en al ties, unifor mi ty of books in each school.

2. T hat wh en a book is on ce adopted , it shall no t b e ch an ged for at leas t three years.

The la t ter recom m endation is made i n view of the fact t hat t he State list.is totally a bandoned i n many pl aces, a nd th e l aw i n reg ar d to it disr egar ded.

THE STA TE PER MANENT SC HOO L F U1 1 D. T his fun d is s teadily increasing. The exact amo un t of i t mtn not b e given fo r the reason t h at new leases ar e cons ta n t ly taken and others abandoned. T he following i s a cl ose app r oxim ati oll to i ts total a mount on th e first day of December, 1880 . F or d e tails, reference mu st be made to the repor t of the State J_,and Cont mi ssioner.

I n vested i n State Bo nds . .. . .. . .. .. . $ 326,267 .35 " Count y Bonds . . ... . .. . . . 221,500 . 00 " School D istrict Bonds . .. .

12,800.00 " U nited S tates Bonds . .. .. .

15,000.00 ;)7 ,900 .00 " Private Securi ties . . .. . . . .

20 ,876 . 00 Cash on hand n ot:invested . ...... . . . .

T otal . ... .... . ... .... . . . . . ... .

$ 634,343. 35

85

Unpaid P rin cipal of School L ands ... $ 955, 618 . 03 V alua tion of School L ands L eased . . . . 1, 733,255.81 Total .. .. . . . .. .. . . . .... ... . . . .

2,688,738 . 84

·Gra nd to tal . . .... . . ..... . . ... · .. . .. . . . . . .. .. . . $3,323,217 . 19

With the publication of this repor t closes fo nr years of laborio us yet m ost agreea ble work. H owever far the resul ts h ave com e .-short of my own a nticipa tions, or of t he just expectations of the public, I h ave th e consciousness of h aving done lDY best, and neither spared myself nor others in the effor t. With g rea t pleasure I acknowledge the hearty co-op er ation of superintenden ts an d teach er s. This cordi al reciprocal action h as g reatly lig htened the burden of official du ty, and larg ely con tri bu ted to whatever of _8 11 ccess in i ts adm inis tration may j us tly be claimed. :Nor m ~ st I omit t? m en t.ion t he ge ~ ero u s suppor t which my a~ IJJinistratwn has recei ved_ fr om th e ent ire press of the state- wi t h o ne u nimportant ex ceptwn . T he news papers of this state h ave .ev-er shown t hemselves able and vig ilant ch ampion s of ed ucational progress ; all honor to them for i t. our young state h as_r eason to ~ e proud of its t welve year s of duca tional progress, Without one important b ackwa rd step in all ·: 11 tha t ti me. If this ~reat ":ork is t o be conti n ued in this excel len t way, we must av01d ~·adical and r evol ution ary chan ges, pro"de for all defects wh en discovered, sustain and impr ove our exVlllen t system of super vision, and all heartily u nite in the su pport 0~ reatest safeg uard of our free instit utions- a comprehensi ve :ys~ero of free public school education.

...-

Ji(:[;.. ,.\ "

.

87

REPORT OF 1'HE SUPER.ll'<TENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTR UOTION.

TABLE I.- RECEIPTS.

I·

1880.

' In hnnd Ree'd / From I re~g~~~cs of Dist. ~Io m Co; From 1 tio n of F l'Om all for yenr ' Trea u.r'r .l rensur r l n lc of 1 non-resi-/ other includi 'g I April 7. , fro~~ Ap. ,/Dist. B'ds dent sour ces nm't on 1 79 · / 1 i.l. ro p u p Us hand

CO ' NTJE"'

,----l A p~~

1

S14 . ::!5S

I

tui-1

I

I

-JS:>4 . 17

A ntelope .. ....... ... ....... .. ... .. .. .... . ...... S 4763 .74 , 25-1 79 . 03

• • • • •• • ••••• • ••

106.45

• •• •• • •••••• • • • •

}:~ 'i Of;.-!9

..... . ... . .... .

22-1 25 '

.. .. ....... .. .. j

6 . 21;

AdnnlS ..... ... . ..... . .. . ....... .. .. .............

3163 . 25

·

__iAp'l~. ~7~ ,$ 2G~ . - ~" 4718 . 24 33.40 1 544 .96 ~: 77.58

. _____

1

2119. 551

192IO. b4

1!171. 03

22247.92

Cc~ ,:~ n;x~.-:· 0· '· · · · · · · · · · ·; ~·~ ';~~ ;Ef ~~: ~=! i~ .

3900 ·>4

pix on·.. ... .... ........ .. .. ...

/

1tk~G9 . :i0

·1386:4'1 ' 110<!-!·!:, ...............

1.00 626 . 08 , 19017. 62 (l~/o's~ : ~~ ·..·.-..·.·... ·.·.·.·.·..··. ·..·.·.· .·... ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. r ··· .. J· D.· ~·.·;./·.:) · ·· · ·~_.·;1·0··.· 0··1· (i~2~. ~-- ... .. ..... .... .

1~- ~QI ~1~ ·?,1 82&3 . 0~ 5·>s·> Jr. ~~~..~~ : 7~ ......ioo..'iXi G~ : ~ · ~~oL~i

···· ··. ··· .. cCt1 u s1JliJI£' ter .. ......... .. ...··· .. .... . . ..·······•······· ··· ····· ·::::·· .···: . :. , .... 1z2.i':5s E~~~~~1:.. : :::::: : : :::: : ::: : ::::: ::::::: ::: : :: : :: i~~2 : ~~

V-

v

_

0

l1;g:i3?

2!i.">!l0 .05

5il0 .00 0.00 , .. .. ...... .....

68.30 :!7u7.::9 .......... . .. .. . GO .. ~:~ . 7~ ···· ····· ··· ··· ·········:·····

3l~S2 . 97

J86v . 01 . ..... ....... ..

2 ~2S ..J _ , . · ""t

251~0 · 2~ 2~~••0.~ ;, :)_~Q ·._G~ ;

. Ofl

3 7 0 . 0~ :!11. 00 :!10. 00 .... ..... ; .. . . .

~~~.·. ~01"'

...............

~ 34so a92 . 00

1... oo

IG! .so

fi . G1 , 3 . 7.1 1

700 .00

7JI SO 01 · 108601. 52 2304.71 3729-1.62 .jQJ 3 . l S IGO .IS '"'( ~- !)~ :~~~ . ~6 v9t . 6t

2SOCiJi

~~. 86

, ... oo

.c :;~7 : so 7~0. 0:! :30~.20

4t,l •") ,li

an

33

2 :f;:~ : "'1

til ssi~G": 14 2f>S l~ . 77 "~<}i;.

707:! . 19

2Q~~~· 1~ : : :>~--~ . . . iE( . ~~·i~i }~~- ft 1·JI~· l . :!H

.

~1!)0~ .62 1811. 87

Hit .o-:t

~~ . o...

1::'2 .70 :!4bG .68

2~6~g : {~

-l/('..1.2~

;100 .00

;;;Q . 71 ' .. .... ... ...... .. ...

-r

nt

.. ... ............. .. .. ..........

J !ll coln · .. ....

;rn di?0~1

Dfcrrtck Nance .... .

~e1Jlft11f.: ~ u ckO ,

.. ... .. .. ...... ..... . .. .. ..

20:!fl2 . .jli 137:!.50 ~ . oo 1.-,fi .-!:! ..... ..... .. ... .. ... ....... . .

1 909S . U~1 ... .. . .. ....... .)9.03 ~~3:) 74 12106 .8(1 · 11 20 . 00 .; .OQ ~311. 33 , ...... .. .......

GOO . OO 5~1 . f>5 1833 .45 13.',~ \ · 7 290 .00 1~ . 0' :!O . O:i -122 .:, 7 390. 00 .... .. ~~~Q 69 1 ;~~·~z.;;s .. .. ... ...... .. . :!,:.._, .01 Hi7~ JO. II 721.20 :2 .:!0 ~~-1. 34 13:1·! I. O!l .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . l . 00

.. .......... . .. ............... . ...

. ............... .. .. ........ .. ..................... . ...... .......... ..... .. .... .. ... .... ... .. .. .. . ....... ,

QtOC·.. ..... p 11 ·.,·n :c .. ..... . ... . ..... ... .... ..... .. · ' p JtClP" · .. ... ..... ...... .. .... .. .. . ... ... .. ... .. . !

~:l . :--11 il ~IS . 3-l

7JW .B:) •11/f'L ';O

'i'Otl7.:~/ l

t

.. ....

..... ..

G-lt1.25 0JG7 .·15

28-11~ . :,.(

~). HO

'20u. :-\tl 215 .!>0

:2;)77 . 09 . .. .. .. ....... ..... ......

'2S.)Gl. o:;l,

J 8tl!1.~i~ ,

.[:1,'5 . 89 l:)l,.-)1 :)11 1C,. -lG

1 "-! ~ .G . 2G ·~J - 1 ~ . 10 1~\ !f: l;,,r)~

7

\·Vn s h.ing-ton..... .. .... .. ... ... ... ...

(100 . :- -t

1Slll3 .8.J

6-:l.. Oti 29.Jti8 . !lfi 29:~ . 75 ' 16-l . 00 1687. 11 ~liO . OO .J .on -l5-lG .:10 .... ... .. ... ... ...

.JlO~ . .JO

V al

a,).3.)

"'101 55

-

:;6~~ : ~~ . ... ~-~ ~:.?.~ ..... ~~i:.:-1:6 .....}~i:c\~ 7328 .37 30~~H.::!G 1757 .00 ::-t. -1 7 ~:!07:! . 71 G+t~~ : b~ '- . ,._ , , lto~S .1 1 .

GGO~ sg m 2.o, soo:; :is .::::::::::: ::: ·UG :>9 .73 - ·'

7-1 1

~qJ:.:; . '22

6ti:!~ . SH

•i&'i . SO

ss . ~s

7-1. 3:>

_ G26-l.20

3""'' .1:.!

2t)-Wt.1. 9 9

~~ BS.:l!l

.(jUI7 . ~9 1 r. 3r.J . :2._-,

9::7 .o 7

G~!l\ .85

7G9. G:!

:!1 1 0.4~

7l. G3 3:J. Hi f>'i l O.Ol

1!>1:! l. li2

4927 . 34

4:J. OS . OH

Hfi-1U.49

1G~77 .2S

50:> . fo9

38:!tiS.7'2 S.J:,:~7 . 70 1!170.42

~570 . 26 '

12 .00

12tl . 01 :,so .ou, ·12.11 122 . 17 ' 1;,&0 .00 .. ............. ............... .. .. ... ........

-ll S~Ot) ~ 7 ·10.:--.0

Jan;,_no ............... ......

~~~¥[~<:.: ::::~::·::::_ :_ :_: :::::::-::::::::::~::~. ~~:,t]~: -~~~n:~~.

H:'M . S~

;,:2t• .2t~

GG.-~.1 -l

:3U3Ul. Ot;

t i .-~ :1 .10

'":!620 . 4-1 :;l)[l l.;-l/ '2 7710 . 9:~

~109~.:-jS

gt~~ __ ,.~n~ ::;;~~:n~

SUPI<:RL.'I'l'ENDENT OF

RE:PORT OF THE

TABLE UI.-

I 1

I

-

~--- =,==/==:= ~ =::= 1 ==:::;:; ;::=:17.:= ~ ==;::~=:=.:;:;::: /';§=== ~ ==d~ / ~:==j~ :S ==,'ij ;:;:::::;:::'O:== . . :=='d==_=.'l:== !:==

.0 &;::j

~e~~~ ..Q

•

622.30 1 ~ 7640.291 2•153.17:~

.A.dn"emlo5p..e.... ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·..·.··.·.·.·.·.·.·....... ... ·.·.·.·..·.·.·.··.·.·.·. ·.·.·.·. l' A ~

4865. 32 3605.62

Bnffalo .................... ...................... l

308.461$ 391. 35 30 11.33 117::>8 .40 1626.97 2625 .96

5175.151

l

Butler ......... ...................................

Cass ...................................... .. .......

Cheyenne....................................... c0 c1adya_r....·.·.·.·.·.·....·..·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.··.·.·..·.·.·.... ·.·. ·. ·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·. ·.·.·.

Colfax.. ....... .....................

I

8181.95 9700 .32 1080.001 4249.92 8174.081

4895. 66 3991.83 8929. 12 5050. 27 1302.5C 1 1518 . 7 19<">0 .61 13 0.43 G76l. 3 l ' ")21.00 6979 .1 ~ 4330 .921 974 .64 g~~~::::::::::::::::::::::.:·:::::::·:·:·:·:·:·::::::: 6026.501 4000 .76 14.27 3:!

0~31 ". 21°21 122-3103 . 085~ ~ ······~;,· ·: Daws on. ... ................................... ... """ w 7··.·9·6 Dakota ........................... ............ ...

2887.911 1566.16 1133 .

Dixon. ...........................................

2106.50 4410 .% 2>10•L76 Dodge ..... ..........................

7410.

13013 .771 2119 .16 DFil ? t11mgl0as r·e·.·.··.·. ·.·.·..·.· .... ·.·. ·.·.·.·.·. ·.·..··.·.·.·.·.·.·..:..·..·:_:_:_ :_:_:_:_:_:_ 13891.80 35809. 84• 6038.05 5458.63 8634.60 9166 .1.5 F-ranklin... .................. ..................

19-17.74 2-169. 87 1312.48 Frontie r.... ....................................

110 .00 380 .00 24.67 Furno.s .......... ...... ...... .....................

1280. 74 1503.98 450.96

g~g;ieY::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 9*5~:~g ~:~~ ~~~r~.~:·:::.:·:::::::.:::·::::::::::.:::::::::::::::: 7~~g:~ sM~:~~

5~~g:~~

•1918.00 6877.!!8 1029.00

~970.-7

16485 .'1 429GA8 3162 . 0 1619 . 0403 1>163.06 1302 .3'> 9230.61 •IR9·1u .>I6 !J-IO!J!J .:2l!

1&10 7ft !J.2G 715 .49

6t~:il

5958.44 1848.76 280 .00 224.30 2520 .21

6414 .00 62·17 .05 1142. 02 1379. 80 160. 00 5. 00 564.06 .... ...........

1553.H l 361.59

Ke ith ...................................... .......

K earne y....................... ...... ...... ......

Knox... ..........................................

La ucnstcr ................ ........ ...... .........

Lin coln... ........................ ...... .........

Mo.dison .............. ...........................

Mer rielr. ........................................

Na n ce .................... ..................... ...

Nem a h a ... .......... ............................

42.00 1762.71 2020 .68 7595.64 1576.12 2412.40 5333 03 .185 .110 4432. 26

5-10 .00 190 .90 1028.80 987. 64 972.00 1168 .56 17809.68 17601.83 2839.81 710 .87 2839. 50 646.31 4535.15 6700.ll9 140.10 ................

10982.61 3250.93

8Gl7. SO 113G . 5C! 26.00 26 . 00 1930.21

6701. 55 28739.20 5417.40 36005.09 G2!ll.!l2 6001. 31 123 l.!i0 1 117U2.73 li7!>5 .12 16 1UG.99 5GG6.76 22~·18 . 02 ·1>100. 2•1 19017.62 32~..,38'. 6636 ·····1····G·,·.·s··,·,, 1.2M .09 8~.02 1·177. 30 13401.

5:!0-l.Y!J 37088 .>11 16.:37 108601.52 •1 ~2[>.!JG 3729>1.62 885 .21 8458.05 :6. 50 529. 52 383 .4\.i 4373.63

''~U& sgg~: gg 2&~tg~~ a2~~~:fr

4f>77.>JS

2681-1.77 7279 .70 433.30 83 .1:11 860 .68 22G8 .03 9633 .51 73~ . r;s l 7. :~o

~~[~~~:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::! ~~:rig ~~u; ~gg:g~ ~~u~ ~m:~~ ~~~6~:g~

!

ft~;~.~: ·-: :· : ·: ·~ ~:~ ~ : :~:~ ~;: :~ :~L~~~. - ~: 1 ~~i:~

1~JH!

55 00 !l 3 . 97 246~.!)8 1189. 06 1180. 70 1154.13 15612 . 22 !!238 .26 736. 85 939. 24 1280. 83 1832.-HJ 5419 .32 ~014. 99 14.02 ... .... ........

3070.17 4671.90

~E: I~ ~~~U~ rm:t~ _1~~~:i~

~~i~i :ELi I ~H ~·~ ~~~~ ~ !1~ ~~~~-~_.:.:::::·:::_.·:::·:·:·:_:_:_::::::.:::.:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:_: 1 ~~~:~ ~iu~ ~~~:~~ ~~1u~ 1 1

8993 .25 9681. 91 6465. 94 7799 .18 654 .94 679.37 225a. 80 968 .00 60H5 .79 4503 .63 623.24 ...............

4151. 80 8057 .55 fi37.6!l 990. 50

1811.87 7•121. 37 6450.87 67857.63 6602.89 9229.39 24993 .18 299 .02 2671il.3-l

1

6624. 66 8276.33 311.64 2021.72 2649 .49 740.09 2698. 58 422 .78

6511 .20 6890 . 86 151.74 598.34 6833.57 774.36 9906.29 103B. 97

~;~:~~·:.-::::::.::·::::::::.- ::::::::::::::::::::::1 ~~~ . 6~ ~~!~:5~ §~~~:ig ~~Ug

!51.!1~!!11. 1

mu~' jg~gg:g~ 38268.72

6457 .70 5105. 39 1 64 .4~

1G94.3!l 3573. 96 01.98 28-16 . 7.1.

913 .14

34537 .70 1962.60 48·18.8.1 23626.41 3 1 8~ .46

:!7710 . 93 ;.lf!!IS .38

mug 2g1~~:~

tll

I

~

o / ~ ~ 0 ~

:7! ..C ·.,; -

o t:o E g~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~ ~~ .Q ,o oo'E d >.t:: £ ;§ g 0~ ~ i! f;l ~:;:; ~ ~

0 '0

s~

.zen

" lo-g 1 -~ s ~ ~ 3

e-a z

::;;;:.~.-~~---/ d ~~ 23~4 J~~5/ 42gi 1~1··· ·2121 ~i 1~g/:::::.l

BAodff~~·:::.".".".":."::.".":.":::

-ra~r.~.·:::::::::::::·::::: 1

6-~ ::::::::::::::::::..·· cb cy c une ............... ,

g::;s

:'!""/>

~,.....

5H• .t;tll :1!}/ 2~

1:l l91 :12

1

7'-'1 t,......

gr:;.r::::::::::::::::::::.l;;·' t coii~x ................... , -41. cunung ................. 1~

Jll ~~~ ·13 2047

1~1

.o~ .o :3 ~0

~~ ~~

c:i

Z

g .

:g)!j sB .;:-e

en- b"

~t;.:a.!!i! fJ.< A

~!. ..:/ ~/. .. {.~1"'"'6

gl

Sr 24 ......1 ............1 201 51 bs1............ ~I 131 ...... ...... ...... 49 ...... j 1 ...... 1 G-1 • i~g i1 324! ~~ ~ ~ ~l" ...i ...4o .... 3 3 ' 116 1 ......1 11 11...... ...... 1 2il

i ~~ l~g i, 39 109 ...... 23 ~gl 92 f ~ 45 114 1 24

,·;.~.·J.' G~A/ ~}t 1~11 ~~II ']II ~~ :S~! )01 301 1132

.o..o

o d . :;.... :.. -" :..... S c2: d cv cv 9 o S cv 8 o ;;:..c:J I >.O i c:i ~ ~o>'O"'ci ~ p.e3 ~:: -o ~~ ,< < Z l::l < Z •< Z Z Z

1

19213.5-1

am:~ z1m:~

;

_ ~ ·~

1814~;~

6179. 84

~

1-o.

S 8569.:.1-1 903 .uis 35877.58

780~:~~ dU~

H a milton ............................. ..........

Ha rla n .... :. .....................................

Hitch cock......................................

H ol t ......... . .. .................................

Howa rd...................... ....................

COUNTIES

~ ..... ~~cs ~

~~~r.~::::::::::::::::::::.-.:·::::::::.::::::::::::1 ~~~~:~ ~~:~~, 1~i:~il ·l~~ :g~

Sewar d · · · · · ··· · · · · · ...... · .. · ··........ .. . ......

She rmnn ............... .........................

Stanton...... ....................................

Thayer... ........................................

Valley ........ ............ ............ ......... ·...

W118bing ton............................. .......

Wayne ......... ......... ..........................

l

d~~ a~

~de:: o

;; 5

I !i_g g : ~ / ~ i ~ ~g~ig;~~~ ~~§:~~:~~~j :!~~ ~

ll)

~a ~c

I

!'f ~ -; os-~ a;:~ ~ 'S 0 ~ s ~ ~gl_§z ~.: §_g

I I 1! ~c;"' -:~"'

---~--:-

I

1 IPo.td fe"' Pa id for Amoun t o.S ~ d ""'· mo. e male 3 9~ § S a ll oth e r o n hnnu .x· ,·"'·- 0 "" teachers teache rs . ._ """":;] purposes. Apl4,18SO il) ~-o'...;'i:!

Pd

COUNTIES.

----~-

•

I

I~~~

btl\:'!!J

-1

T.ATISTICS

of Sclwols , School H ouses, a11.<i I nstitutes.- 1880.

.TABLE II.-EXPENDITURES. - - - ------

9

PUBLIC INSTRUCTIO N .

110

5

144

J

29

68 ...... ..... .

m~

50j......

14

~~l... j

~5j

1 ...... ......

gl i 1[ 1

~

2

....1~

1u '"'"1 "'"'8

123 62

1 so s l 34 1 7 ........... .!......

35 7 ............ ..... .

~ r~

120

1

1 ...... 1...... 1

D ~~: HH Hi ,H ,J1 l f! iH . } ,B.} i ;:i i j 11 ii ~~r;;-J • ,n'di:m/~ u; ~ ~ t~ ii ; <~3 ~ F'iJ]lllO!"C............... ..

78

~~/ r~gt

50

2

60

5

%~~i1i~u:::::::::::::::, ij ~51 ~;g;j ~! ·1 ~g .....~ ~ i~~~ .....:,:::i:ci .. ..:!:::~6 :::i:~ .....~,-- ~\:::::~ f[~rJan ··· ~···· ···· · · ···· ~ "n 37 1~~~~ 38 68,......

40 39 68• 67i 1\ 41 26

1

-~.i

61 65 1 21 20

"- 743.I 29121 14 1 1117\ 1001

r,n1 1 ..........

I 54 I 1•11 co n ........ :){nc1iso n. ........ ....... 4S

41 47

7476 n 102\ 868 108 113 1787 1 33 75 1823 38 89

>;n ro n!Ja. ............... ~~ckolls ...............

34 87 u'6

!}•:tc h cock .............. i g~lt . ..d.. -······::::.::::: 1 "'o'var ...... · JD trcr"on .. · ...... ······ · J~hnson ..... "<'"cit h ......... ............ 11 j( ornc Y.......

··:::::::::i

~g 1~k~! ~j ~g,::::::

J{;'~c~·sie;...:::::::::::::l lo~\ 1n

Me~~ig 1~.:.::::::::::·:.::: 7~ ···7·2 3~~~~

·10 45 H 27 40

;i31

81 1 73 2 35 ......

831.. ···· 76 1

1g~

1 1 2 1

.....i2 SO

8 1

~

781 6Q09.

'

3 18 141 3 1 :..

9> 120 1·····3 ··! ·-·...·.·

3?.36 1 8 6

' 1 ......2 106 107 180 .....~ 89 5

62 4 6 39

1§8 ...

293 ...... ...... ......

90 6 146 2 '"26 ::::::

5~

1

1"

2

1······

17 50

14 ; 81 1 1~ .....~II ao 7

10 1 55 ......2 ......1 25 15 5i 1... :::::: :::::: .....1 81 1o ...... ...... t ..... .

J

~ ~.~ g'.....,~1

1~g

121

.....3.j·.·. ·..··.·. ·.·..··.·.~. ', .....2.

'"'47

i\. . .2"'ioo'\ 1 4 1

~

2 12 ..... .

1 65 1 28~1 '"'22

~ '"'54:::::: ""56 .....i .....31::::::1 ~

1349, 26 111 " 90 1 31 ' .., 75 10 [>389 Gl 82 5 68 l 34 87 .... ~ .....~, ........... .

26121 45 90 2 36 1'>1 6 1 14 opt,vvn ec ................. l '23 91 68~ , 42 62 ...... 3 76 '"""9 6 ...... ~ ...... , ...... .

11 cJps . ...........·.· .· .·.·.··.·. • 13 10 3 · os · 24 150 ......

6 ...... ...... ······ ...........

134 ... .. . 18 1 8 1 .... .. .. ....

4.

P 11 1 pjercc ..... ····::........ 1 G4 57 3182 43 58 2 7 93 1 36 4 41 5 1 M 5 p]ut tc ......... ·· . ...... 58 51 2189 1 1\l 51,......

8 111 2 32 S 50 1 20 6 polk ...............

I '>3 5 610 26 66 ......

2 68 7 25 11 1 5 ............ .... .

Red Will0 "' · ..... .... , iis 1 92 57211 57 58! 4 38 113 3 54 14\ 74 1.......

1 200 2 .Ricbnr d son .... ·::::::: lOG 10>1 487-l. 46 781 5 43 117 3 7 26 ...... 1...... 1 1 67 5 snJine . ... ......... ...... 36\ 35 1600'! 4.i 98• 2 21 1121?5~ .....3. 1~0" .....~,· 83 3?,1.....8. 1.....1. ...8..0.

2,," sarPY..............

1 102 93 5367 53 781 2 671 v I s11u nders ... ........... . 86 83 3870. 44 72 1 43 117 2 54 15 641 10 1 70 35 seward ..................

15 586\ 19 811......

1\ 65 10 41 101 5 Shcrmllli ·· · ............ ~2 17 601 27 60 ...... 10 94 4 .. ·c,·,· ... ..~. ... ..~ .....,1. ·. ·.·.·. ·.·. ·.·.·.·.·.·.... 1.·1· stnn to n ..... ....... ...... , 58 48 1804f 30 8~ 3 241 107 10 <>5 1~ 4;, Thaye r ··· ............... l :~ol 161 729 25 8~ ......

71 92 12 9 4i 5 G .... . ........... . v~~rl;g:;;;;;·: : : ::::::: ' ·1117 !1 4.161' 3027 1 65 101\ 2 41 173 .. .... 205 ...... . 43 ...... \ 11 60 4 216 18 98 ......

5 145 1 11! 11 101 3 ...... ... ...

2 W:Lyne ............ ...... 1 ;n' f>'l[ 2538 36 68 1 15 86 6 ...... i 121 27 , 2 1 86 18 Webster .......... ...... 1 s=! 71 ' ~390 ·l~ 68 2 40 105 ,11..... ' 17 60 9 1 45 3 York ······ ······ ·····' ···- 'u · - - - - - - --- - - - - - - - - - - - - --·-- - ro 0 o

. ...... . ...... ........

43 8G

I ?5 ......

iJ'"t

S...... ......

21

?9\

W

1

1\.................

90

REPORT OF THE

T!,.,BLE

TABLE IV.- STATI TIC . 1880.

J"a luc of 'c/wol Property, 1Y wnbcr c:f 1lfills L eried. Amount Appo?·tioned, and 11Ioney in hands of County Treasurer .

Of School Attendance cmcl Teachers E mployed.

I

=

Mnlcs,Fe~~:To-tnl

Antelope ........................

! 6801 5721 1655 15941

~~ff~~·::.·::::::.-.·.·.·:::::.·:.::·.·.·.:1 ~~~f.~.::::::::::::::::::::::::::: I

Butler ............................

Cnss ...............................

Cheyenne ......... ..............

Cellar ..................... ...... .

!

~~~:~:._:_:·:::_:_:_:; ; :_:_:_:_: ;.~.:-~·::;!!

Dawson .......................... ,, Dakota ......................... ..

~~it:::·:·:·:·: _:_:_:.:_:_:_:_:_::_::::::::i

Fillmo~c ........................ 11

F rankhn ... ..................... I' Fron tier ......................... 1 l<'urnas .... .... ... ................

g~{~~ey: :::::::::: :.: .:-.: : : :

1I

Half .............................. /

lf~: ;_ • • :l ~e~fh ~-~::::.·.·:.·.·.·.·.·.::::::·. ::::::11 ~:;~;.n~:.::::::::::::: :::::::::::I

La n caster ................. ...... , Lincoln .................... ..... .

Madison ........................ .

~~~;:::.:_:_·._:.:_:_:_:_:_:_:_:,:_:_· :·:·:·:·:·_: ::::!, Nu ckolls ... ..................... !

Otoe .......... ..................... ' Pawnee ........................ ,

~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::· ~~~tt~:::.:·:::::.::::::::::::::·:::I

·.:::.·: :.

Red Willow ....................

~ic_hardson .............. .... .. 1

~=~~

:::-:::::::!

Seward ........................... , Sherman ................. ...... .

Stan ton ......................... .

Tlltl vCr ..................... .... ..

Vall'~y ........................... .

Was!Ungton ................. ..

~:~~~r:::::.·::::::::::.:·::::::: York ... ...... ............... .... ..

I

No. of children in Whole number o f Ar;.No. each COUllty be- children that atTeac hers tnughdays t by tween the ages tended sch. d ur- ~ e mplo·y c d. all ~n al' d of 5 nnd 21 years ing the yea r .

1 lcac 1e rs. o>' _:...{) ;:: 1 j ..unlesiFem. ,Total ~~

COUNTIES.

"'

..::

I:.\Jnlcsl;en~.- MalcsiFem.

1252' 4091 330 100: 32·191 1083 1032 1 12111 1113 2324 705 i~~g 7401 693 556 12491 267 1 2 440 2951 i :J,j 8<12 12461 1070, 1576 9i>l 1606 143.5 ~~I 976, 9"20 1 'UG ~S3 2913 2594 5507 2111 1 19 30~0 2285 I 1301 13.; 1 617 51(; 75~, 495 1 1852 170 3632 ................ .. ~Gl J R9,1 1239 1096 23Bo 1 112 1G57· uoo 10971 950, 2047j 738 51i4 13021 75 1751 ~, 339 ......... ........ .

210 ....... ..

40<1 7 l 190 lSO 3/0 2-J~ 674 665 1339 524 480 100·11 613 844 1676 619 6-15 1294 M1 1:~1 16 9 3526 ......... 1....... .. 263.lj 150fil 4723 95591 227·11 2240 4;)1,1 2G74 1 19 1612 3-131 1225 1109 2331 18 904 89i 180 l 596, 589 Jj 1 72(i 113 931 206' 3~ ~0 1 0~ 31 !158 1.........

7891 666 1<155 ................. .

2376 2102 '1 <147 . 160/ 1454 3151 1 1!,00 218 210 4.:18' ................. .

2~5 .. ... .. ..

19~ · 90 6 17G JIG li61 371!

13841 1323 270/ 1084 99/ 20811 1358 14731 12;j.t ~101 1 n v b21 1 10 1150 1043 89] 1 6n 1g~ .. .. ~O.!i1 .... ~1:1 n.:; 124 1 10" J.IO .........

•ll2 421 1 2/ -1 792 1 ~~I 11~~: ~~ 7711 426 1 1453' 12901 27431 992 871 1863 ........ . ~OJ 15491 1373. ~92'2 1 l llS 20191 10~3

~n?l

I

:::::::::1

JJ. . . . .

1~2 <1~~. 3~

48361

m

11

(j22

-195 '

511 490 38241 3652: 438

6~1

9?.0: 1501 1845 745 2853 13481 373

155 1&10 1154

303j 3030

2~,

14,

11171

11

3321

1

215 '

~rik : :::::: :::::::::

868• 230 231 178/ i 6<151 548' 903 1823 ............ .... ..

1·14 2941.................. / 1Ul9 3 62· 1-i02 1276 60,1 1~10 1 507 3G2 1 2.556 fJ389 ... ............... .

1264.· 2GI:1 ......... .

309 682 151 110· 153 1 308 78 71 1542 3l82 120-1 1097 1035 21&9 .... .... . .. .. .... .

3071 610 119 fJO 269l j 57211 1<100 122/ 23301 4874/ 1o03 1658 717 1600 6021 465 2615 53671 1805 1611 1 3870 13081 1284 279 5861 125 1~:1 1 293'

SS<J

27521 2048 307 310 673 "''Ciii31 383 "29 ' I 1582 1445 .. ....

101 106 1 1357 1181 2538• 793 7-12 ; 1800 1790 • 35901......... ' ......... 1

18~21

~~,1

1~1""ii7'3

a~~~~ -

ioH

91

SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC I "STRUC'£ION.

;;!~I

2~~

53il ' .... ..... 1

4863

~2 1

1i~;1: .... 7iis:

124B .... ..... 1

26~~ "'i7't'5:

869 551 1 362!J ......... 1 1!Jl8 ........ . ~G1

l ~·l j

]4(1 370, 2?01 15561 12(i0 iiii:l 2·181 1~71

~m . .22~·9 \ 10671 592

3419 1808 2589 11<19/ 2-17 1 131 ~!J2 ........ . 1 I 3a6: 771

u~·~ 1 )~~l"iiiil 145 77 1533

171

2564 ......... ·

71

32 33 10 3-51 Gl

71·

sol 390 2-120 .Jll 387-l 6737 3;)::! 3 c 2 •lni 21 / 80 1865 29G1 386 651 45 5710 3195 02 .... : ...~,. .. ·c· ..

3' 1, , ~95 l U 2a30 1833 54 ' ·17-12 5312 211 388(! 2420 2~1 i:!2l·l 2337 v ......... · ·· · ····· 1503 930 25 1-150 1736 48 203~1 3851 !J0 1 35G2 1 G561 1031 •13591 127~3 21 3072 6317 381 1625 ' 2716 ·I 120 3<!0 2,1'. ........... ..... .

68 ' ;;:;as, 6167 Jl 451 u85 ·1 1 35-t l 243 <]3 ' '1·188 3460 48 ~SDO I ·1935 15 , 167G 2060 cl .. ...... . .. ..... ..

H , 2-10 1 960 13 ......

1!l 35/ ·1616 u6 2810 •1D20 2' 14 180 23. 1109 1041 1::!' 1262 866 113 ·1·166 11234 13 1 (\•13 1705 39 1(;25 2GG2 451 326G1 3746 11 120 160 25 ~9~4 7156 33 1 ~230 2552 10!lj 4GG•1 91:l9 '2 2768)/o 4 1H)/o 12 2llii, 0~ 7 10921 655 43 22351 2,.] 9 45 26191 3088 10 3 74 718 75 2645,7583)/o 94 5617 6854 19 24iJ.! 2199 95 5616 7329

II

<11 17 65 91

3 ~~g I 5~5g ](;~) I

451 291 2 3346 52Gt 1108 2-lO,j l 5590 621 832

~i m~· g~~

. f Vnlue of

v

1 _~-gg1 :Jg:&~, ······7ii7·:oo1· 1-~w.ool P~· 00 ~Jso:oo 171"1 ou G71 . oo, g·{qg.

11!

Ii16

I

I

Jueof Appor - Money i~1 hnnds of :J'ooks ~ tioned by 1 County Treasurer cl~go~ Scho~ : / and ~ Co unt\· COU NTIES R~u.e / Appnra · :> u perir1State ' District H o use ·ne <: tcndent I Sch ool School , t us 1 1 Fnn d l"uud 1 --~---+--~----~~~~-----,$ .1t i5 . 00 / • ~75. 00 .$ 13~. 00/ 15 .5 $ 1953. 171., 22S .J3 /S •1!JS. OO \ntel opc ............ .......... ' II al40~. ~, !lll. OO ........ ., .....) :?5 ,...............

15-15 .49, 5615.47 A dnms ............................ /1 J!J/~. 00 J5GS.OO ~l'~· ""'l 19.

17 ! 1~:ffj/ ··· ·· ..s7·:;.. ~g:M Buffalo.. ......................... .J030.00 ~ 1 0. 00 ~Q.9Q , 3 / ~O!!~· og 1121. 001 7 "· ~0/ 10 ;o_7~U7/ ......61~·.'7li ~g_ g~ B oone ........... · ·::::::::::::::: 1 1 • 60 10 Burt ........................

'29651 , "''9.. 16/ 23~2.77 1c·,:·..... ..........

730so:oo ...............

4142.00• 2295.00 n. " 1 g•.ss.ov "" Bur..... ..........................

350(). 00 soo .oo ~o. go 3 .5 1 -'HOO. oo ...............

5~9 .92 5 cn,10~·cnnc ....................... 1, u-1677 oo 399. 00 ~,1. 50 10 f 2219. 34! 3:?-7 .67! 27C.L33 C - Jr .. .. .... .............. 1 l~G·>9 27-10.00/ 1U!l!l.9G 19 I 52{:;,44 1 7!11.97J ·1971. 00 Ccu 11 ........ ....... .. .....

2J;~.[o : oo 7H. 00 1 28:?.50 15 I 41:H . ~3 3-583. 94 .. . ...... ..... .

23:)7" .001 15:32 001 16H. 55 ll 3096. 96 131.~7~ 6M.05 V 1 11

a:g8n:gg Iog]J~:~~~ 2J~~:n5i 2 dg·gJ a;J:;(J.l . 0ll0° ~6-~ 01°z,~.· oo · J· .·oo ... ...~.~ .. : .·.! zgov. oo

.J1 ~,'?,31·.·o'Jo5! \r

200 .00 ·t:?.too.oo ~l!lOl. OO -t~g~.oo .,~ . 00 1 :2!15 .00 !)3-15 .00

;:;~o95 . oo 2-t:,oo .oo ,;,oo 110

J(cith .. ;: .. ::

...............

,j~~- ?g1

~o o .\~~ : ~g

v ;,~(1.10 . 00

~0:)!)0 . 50

to~o.oo 100:).00 ~w.o . oo

1~,0 . 00 1

ll1u·~ ·- ~_o,o\ 1733 .!!5i_l 1so .oo1 274 .50 1 2010.00 l.}

....i5~-~~:iio .... ~,4ii.'cio , .....iiii1'.'·7'5 HJ·IO . ~o

' 602i8 .·131 ~-1 9U . OO

1200 . 001 811·1.00 1

~-18GO . OO

:11tilO .li",ll

I

~30.00 -~s-c 50J

R ed'lll.1d sOIJ .............. . ...... u· '" ·.001 5-1713 RiCb . .. ..... ... ...... ' &1140.00

fi~~::

•.H

stnn wn ......... .. . ........... ... . JI ...... cr

7~(\ l. f>O

~~l\~y. ::,::..,·,.............:::::::. 1-m"'' ·"o

w a sh ill!! u . ..........

Wnyn e .... .....

W ebster.... .... ~'~_r l': ...... .........~: .. .

, ;1)~!1.!)~

2767.:;n' 1

7s~: ool

~635:oo

2102 .oo 1 11!\.001

2598 .oo 140 .50

~65 . 00 1 ...... .........

1WS6.!>0

\1::9. ~:,

~32.75

~!\Of,~l. \1\!

13\11 on

1\91.lfl

17 .5

21

8 .5 13 .3 1 13

6~0S . 07· ........ ....... ,

9SS0 . 55

" .......:i·:9·: ......7.:!9:12

455.'1-1 .............. ;

-n ~~~ : -±1 3H.JS .89

370 .74

···········:i1·2······53'67'."29

1:1r.7 .,->1 3418. 00 2508. s o 1J.l.~7 JG\l.~S 1s~ . (ln.. . ......... ...

7. so 5!14. I 190 ./7 l:,! 1. 32 271-! . 3.5 303. 9!)

10!16 .03 ·133'!. 31' .... .. ......... oO.J9 . 63 4r.37 -o .• ,~ - ~ ....,_ 01 i'.1n : ~s' .. ....~:.~ .. : .. .... :~~.' ::....

11·11~8 · ~? .. ...... ... .

7'o;Z··o'? :.. . · ·' ·· · ······ ·· ···· :) / .. ().! i) 123-50.:31 lf.J8.

71 -~>18 1277 .13 ... ............. ....... .. .... ..

3-170A3 ... ............ ;\~6 . 79 3406.10 ........ .. ..... ·190:2 .13

·>

n

960 .26

199 8''

16

3:-;;; .og, ;,38.ss 1 1;; .5 6255 .251 1760 .251 6 ~ 8 .00 ~~52 .48 9 U 5 .00 , ............... 15 ':~6. ~0 2~G . 55 10 1 ~,;;; . 00 1:!10.00 11 .S 7~:1 . 00 .

10-lL'>~ I 12 .5 52.00 279.351 12.2 -17 7. 8ii 1 :!~9 . 701 7 .3 ~0'•-1.

75,' 133~ . 05 1 15 .2 v 2030 .00, 1716 .771 7.4

11' 0 . 21

1~ : nr

15 ?1_ol.5 18 14 13.2 17 7 15 14 15

1~.4 10 6 .5 1~ 12 .8 12.5

..

li~8nk ~~~:-:ia ::::~~,::_: ;;

9.7

i~: ~

!fill Y ~ll\ ~~ :§ ~ \l; 2-1071.3~

16~U8/; ::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: ~~gg:~i .......,,2!i7'.'iii! hs:tg:3§ · 91s 68 68

g_5 iU lOA

. 7g'.· oo -" l _J.,o.'- .· oo,' ~ .00 ............ .. . ' :2~54 . oo, I:;s:•. sg 7~6. 00 J.;J(). OO ·157.00 llGO . G9· · .oo, H7 . o 1 ti6.00 ~2.00 549 .001 :,!~7 . 50 z~;nn . oo 135-L OO, 1-•·lif .on 7~5 . 00 1~

~~i~~ : ~

Hi~ ,;,5 . oo 110~~ . 00 s:•J :1:. .oo

~~.!~ . 00 2~1

I

''" 6ii64'.'ii , "' '''3.i3 : 2~ 1 8~4 . ~0 1 013 .-16 1 0--)~~ - ~~ ~ 10-tO.U J

...... iii3.'ii3 :).!2;}.46 Li.-l/ .70

4.180 . 0~ .... ...... .................. ..

608 . 181 :!8 . 88 17:1.~ ;,-12 . ~/ ]:·1.74 l~I.J . \Ifr tl'iiD . n6 .

101. 3:! :jOli .~ti

;··· ···~~:t\'""'~if~t :::::~:6~:~~ I

9 12 . 90' 2638 . 151

GGO(r . \;7

477. 70

·lll2.44

I 10267.10'

un:; . ~6

&1G8 .39 .J!\0:1 .[>6 $Ul.J. :i328 .00 61;78 .:!9 261 . f)3

I

i

1

\\b71. ~.

6976.27 10 11.16 809.10 ... .. . .... .....

.... ·:~i.'oii: os .... 1:307. :i's SOO . G7 . .. ............ , 1~16 .6-4, 310.-17 .............. .

59~3 . 50

37ti2 .48 .) 50l . ~'2

~00 . 00

S9-l.49

::159:,.39 7;>G. 50 ':000 . 00

1

~~G~ . ll

92

REPO RT OF

TABLE Vll.

TABLE VI.-1880.

C01 mty Sup eri11icndents and their Compensatwn .

Wages of 'l'eachc1·B and Total In debtedness of D ist1·icts.

Total w ages of teach ers for the year COUNTIES. Males

_,n=-o- ,-, a-=-e- d"'I"'A""If oth er \To tnl In. F cmnles Inde bt· Inde.b t· d. eb le d1~'s edness edness of d 1stn c t Ap.J., IMSO Ap.4, 18801Ap.4, 1880

lis 1541.731$ 712 . 25 1 ~ 8 ~~lf-~ ·::::::::::: ::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::: 1 ~~~u~ ~~~ :~.

Boone .................... .. .......... ........ '

~~~U~

~~g : ~ i

~~Jt~·~. .·:·: :.~-: ·: : : ·: : : : : :::::::::: : : : 1 ~~:rrl 1~s~U~i

f~~}"y:

: :

[I

Custer ........ .......... ...... ..... .. ... .... . 11 Dawso n ........... .. ................ ....... ..

Dakota ........ ..... ................... .......

Dix on .... ...... ..... .. .. .. ......... .... ......

llilH 5§~!

102.90 .. ...... . ..... 1 927.42 28 12.00 1 2199.59 2718 .501 2771. 41 2975. 00 :

~g~!~~~. ::·::::::·:-::·:::::::::::::::::::::·::::!1 1mg:~: 1m~:~g!

m~~

I nd e l>tcdnesR.

I

Ante lope .............. .............. ... .....

l i :ill~· :m ~I

li~~r~; _:~: ~·~ ;~~~

2457.75 $ 7640.20 5768 .00 109 l. OO 5398 .32 4475 . 75

3900 .oo 11 $ 55786 .78 7845. 39 7453 .70 11725 .731 1396 .001

1$ 6:>.50 .00 2450.1 3 1 8071. 87 G3M58.65 334 2. 38 11187 . 77 •1496 .10 119·19.89 1303 .26 11028.99 1166.03 7355.78

i~g~:~g - ~~~0~.:~.~ ...~.~-~... ~~ 4~m:~g

2422 .08 ..... .. ........

3•162.77 3-162 . 77 7673 .20 17550. 8Gj 3503 .16 2 10;,<1.02 4072.00 1960.00 2022. 82 3082.82 ·1 135 .00 45.50 1932. 88 1~7 8 .38 303 .20 ...............

65 .00 128 . 00 1445 .00 8675.00 ~ 843 .0lj % 18 .00 1 985 . 8~ 11 22. 80' 4628 .371 5750 .67 447:..75 1 ~5o.ool 37l6A8 ·l%6 .48 124 35 .02 4010 .00 4020. &8 '030.58 36233..57 154555 .001 12998 .42 1G75!\3.42 8619 . 30 0010. 78, 2692. 31. ~ 1703 .09 2953 .00 4013.001' -1007.76 80~0. 7G 195 .00 ..............

•11 8 .15 418 .15 1492 .00 062. 50 1 130 .10 •1418 .00 uo J.5 .50 j 5soo .oo: 4329.76 1 9G20 .76 979 .00 3050 .001 2357.3 1 72~7.35 170. 00 .. ....... ...... 1 793 .61 793 .61 7853 .13! 35513 .1 3 5594.28 27660 .00 64.2l. 30 4~25 . 60 1 3085 .021 7310 .62 2136 .00 a137 .60 3869.'19 , 76 13.09 160 .oo 68 .55 307 .s ol 8·16.35 865.00 .. .. .. .. ....... 1 481. 42 •181.42 1211. 10 1557.00 4068 .87 19638 .87

:fe'ff~;;"~n'.'.'.:'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. ·. :::::::::::::::j! ~g~~:~5 ~~~~: ~g~ J oh n s on ............ ... ........... ...... ..... 11 4335 .08 4736 .00 g~g: ~ 1 ~gg~ :68 1~~n~' 1~?~~:~~ K e ith ....... .. ... .... .... ..... . ............... !!

40 .88!

•12 .00 1 1~8 : 88 .... 47'95'.'iiol.....iiis7·:47 1.... 5i;3i1.'ss Kea rney .. .... .. ............... .. .. .........

1292 .09 1798 .00

Kn o x ............ .. ............ ........ ..... . 11 ll.26 .78 Lnncaste r ............... ..... ... .......... . 1 10588 .04 Linc oln . . .. .... ... .. ... .... ....... ... ..... .. , 1270.16 Ma dison............. ......... .. .... .... ....

2139 .37 M e rric k . .............. .. ............ ........

2778 .16 1 N a n.. ce ...... ... ......... ... .. .... ............................ .

N e m a h a -. .. ................... .. ............ 1 6-163.82 Nuckolls .......... .. .... .. .............. ....

1782. 421 Otoe ...... . .... ... ................ .. .... .. .....

8746.05 Pnwn e e ..... ......................... ....... , 4058 .54 Phelps .. ........... ......... ..... .. .... ... ....

581.95 Pie rce .............. .. ................. .......

377 .85 Pla tte. ...... .. .. .. ............... .......... .. .

4736 .54 Polk ............................... ...... ......

3095.27 R e d WUlow. ..... .... ... ..................

511. 10 Ric hardson .......... ... ..... . .. ..... ......

9879. 71 Sal in e ........................ .. ........... ...

7568 .67 Sarpy .. ..... ...... ..................... ...... .

2638.15 Sa unde rs .. .. .... ........ .. .......... ...... _ 8865. 16 Se ward........ .... ... ........................

5891..99 Sherman .. .. ...... .. ...... ... .. ....... .... ..

788 .82 Stan to n...... ........... ...... ........ ..... ..

1010.40 T h aye r.. .. .... .... .... .... .......... .. .......

2663..!6 Valley ... .. ....... ..... ... .. ................. . 1 802.91 W nsh mg to n .. ..... .................. .. ....

4863 .05 Wayne............... .... ..... .. ........ .... ..

258.07

~;~t~~. ::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::: ::

~~:i~

1912.50 1219.00 ............... 1........... .... 1 1190. 56 17671. 30 66492 .00 , 5731. 38 1816.00 1 43ti5 .00 390 .00 .

455 .25 2509.50 3174.20 5377.00 1 2322 . 60 5045.20 185.00 5247 .79 9308.22 9242.42• 11702.0~ 3330.'15 8545. 10 3799.501· 1537 .'14 8432.24 12087. 27 ............... ...............

4178 .33 5133 95 17393.031 5666.00 29~ .00 545.00 • 428 .17 774.00 1297.00 770.00 .. .. .. . ...... ..

5929 .50 502l.10 17217. 001 7052.60 4710.07 3487. 30 1240.47 2183.57 3; 9.90 575.81 ... .. ...... .. ..

1102.11 8549.49 10158.85 13033 .70 6574. 72 9963 .2G 6665.55 8752 .64 3610<1.55 4895 .97 3543 .30 6345.001 3779 .90 9101. 24 9806 .50 18 18 l.17 3723 .21 6498 .25 7502.35 27578.03 . 4136.22 536.73 !}~1. 86 6800.00 1 50-1? . 66 22~3. 80 g.,8.oo .. .. .... ...... 1 3 11.90 6065 .79 5403.63 17975 .00 , 5576.25 469.00 1598 .37 n aoo. 33 ...... ... ......

4172.00 80·10 .551 5861. 85 1 !>127 .67 827 .04 11 20.&01.... .. .. ....... 1 224 7 .64 3697.00 10750 .00 1 4267. 90 7286 .98 110~5. 75 6056. 15

2752.84 72223.38 6977 .&6 7GD0.60

4~~~:8~ ...~.~~-~~. . ~?! .... ?.~:.~. .~.~ 15igg:g~

!...............

~~:~8

93

SUPER.TNTENDJ>NT O.F PU.E L TC l.N T R U C TI O N.

nm

~09-14.'[6

533<1.!)4 10.)<14.86 23059. 03 118•1.07 1.375. 87 24269.30 452 1. 06 1102 .11 19608 .42 42770.45 10124.90 2100-1 .38 30258 . 85 12740.66 314 . no 23f>51. 25 14<139. 07 10989.52 2247.6-1 15017.90 17141.90

County Supe rintende nt

COUN'l'.LE5

A n te l ope .........

Adams ... .... .. ...

Buffnl o .......... .. :BOO itlC ........ .. ·:: Bur...............

Butler ......... .. ..

P. 0. A ddress

J F 1\.fe r r it .............. 1Ncli,e-h .. ............ ......... , hlisS J,. A . ~ici~iiddcn ...... I H.ns !i ll!:" ......... .. ..... ...

J. T. M c llnUe u ............... G1bl>on ...... .. ....... .. .... \I'm Weitze l .. .. .... .... ...... B oone .............. .. .. .. ../ Gc org eVGB . Gnctet,s ............. ~~~~d..C'i·i;: ...... .... .. .. :: Hiley . en .... .. ......... ·h........ ....

E H W o o ley ...... .. .......... Plnttsm o ul .... .. .......

c~sye·,;·,;·c~·::::::: ~: ±o:-~!(;:;~~t-~ ~~:.: ::::::::::: ~~~~~~1cna·.·::: ::::::.:::::

C dar ............. Jf ·v Newell .. .......... ...... Clny Cen te r .... .... .. .. ...... ...... r ·p· Sprecb e r .. .... .. .... ...... S~h u yle~ .. .......... .. ....

P e rson . .... .... .. .. 1\ est Pomt ........ .. .... .

11 CO ing . ....... .. S ~ Eubnnk ...... .... ........ Douglas Gro v e.. .. ..... cu ~er .. .. ... ...... ~u"en e ~r. Young ........ .. Plum creek .. .. ...... ...

cea

f.,:;<· ............

C 11

·\c· u

~~~~.: fl~rEt:':

H ~~I rFC/(

:Fill }<]ill .... .. ... ro hn L 13 nucy .... ........... stow e . ...... ...............

1~

26 1 13oj$ 3.50/S 450 .00 66 1181 240 3. 50~ 840. 00 56 95 ... .... .. 3 ~,; 4.00 .... .. .. .. ..

g~

5~

69 S6 77~ 4 12 ao 28 68 115 52 71

•J5

66

17

3

~ ...34

gg

~: 88

Ig~:gg

176 3 . 00 528 .00 292 3 . 20 877 .50 85 5 .00 175.00 62 s . oo 186.oo 229 ·1. 001 918.00 122 3 &4.0) 4 tS .OO &J 3.50 ........... .

85 3 .00 .. .... .. .. ..

1

1~

~:gg

i~g}~~

ffl:!! m··li ,m~ ~~ ~ ~~-~ ~:~.~ ~. ?.:~ .. .

.. ..

.. .. ..

...

2

iS~~!~~::::::::::: ~-J~i~r~iWj~::::.::_:::::::::: ~f3!~~;;:_:_:_::.::::::::::::: 1~! "i4'6 ·2o:i~~ ...... ii:iio ...79i:75

G!l~cJ eY .. .. ........ R. v. J<l n g ........ .. .... ... .. .. G?s per ~ente r..........

Gr~p er . ............ JnmesEwlllg .............. .... ,~ oodR tver..... ... .......

18 :::::: """j'g :::: .. :::::: ::~:::::: : :: 64 77 120 3 & ,1. 00 437 .00 1 3& ll~rJ nJl .. k........ Joseph ~ " l d e r .. .... ....... .. Culbertson ........ ... .... 6 3 7 i ty .... ........... 40 18 .............. .i iio :::::::::::: fbtcl>coc • .... ::: D. P . o· s~ll i vnn ...... . .... ?t'Npe il c 1 go1t ... ........ ..

E. L. Pee' ...................... ::; · ll. U .. . .. ......... ..... 39 <Jl 72 3 .00 ........... . gownrd .......... E. B. Co w l e s .. .. ..... .. .... ... . Fnirbury .. .. .. ..... ....... 68 48 216 3. 00 6·18 .00 J efferson ... ...... Gco. B. Fos te r .... ... .... ..... Tecumseh............ .. ..

67 n2 150 3 .50 525 . 00 Jo]J!l SOn .. .... ·:::: IG co .VW\.V'l'aidincr~ ... .. ........ ~~~;n.ldl n la ........ . ...... ...

1 12 12 5 .00 60 . 00 l(ei th...........

W. \ . oo · ............ .. .... 1 111 e n ........... .. ...... 41 18 28 4.00 112 .00 l(e[Lr nCY·" """ :: '1'. J. B u ckmaste r .......... .. K!obrnrn ... .... ........ ... 26 28 109 3 .00 ~27 .00 cuo"· .. ... .. ..... H. S. Bowers .. .. .............. Lmcoln .. .... .... ......... 105 105 259 4 & 5.00 , 1179 .00 l 11 0,1s t e r . F r nnk E. Bull a rd .. .. ....... . ~orth Plntte 8l 8 50 3.001 150.00 Jo~0 co l n ... .. ..... J. D. H. S nllt \' ll.n ............ :\orfolk .._................. 51 , 5 6i 4.00 260.00 ctison .........

John Pat te rson ............. .. f'.e nlrnl C1ty .. .. .... .....

48 81 168 3 .00 504.00 1 ~icrri cl' . ........ . \Donie] Bnrk er .. ... .... ....... I>_ullert Gn .. ,.. .... .... .....

8 3 10 3 .00 RO.OO 1-, 11 c e ......... .... ! P hillip Crother ......... . .. . l\emnh a Ctt.y ........... . 75 35 120 3 .00 360 .00 "',~fllll ]l [L . ......... \ H. H . Willinms ...... ........ . Ne 1s o n . .. ................ .. 43 56 14.4 3 & 3 .501 4·15 .f}() 1'1, 11 0 ];oll S ......... J. c. Boyd .................. ..... D un bnr..................... ~ .. .... . ........

5 .00 .. ........ ..

1'1 toe ................ o. D. Howe ..... .... . .. ......... Tu~l e Rock ........ . .... .. \ o7 541 3 3 .50 .... ....... .

0 [1,\V Il ee ...... ::::: \ Ch ns. S. Bra d_ley ...... ........ L~ ke .......... ...... .. .... .. n 111 16 3. 001 50 .00 A. J. B~tbcock .................. P1 e rce .... .. .............. . \ 13 ~sl 41 3 .00 12R .OO P c i PS· .. .... .

P11 rce ......... .. .. S L. B arre tt .. .. ... .. .......... Co l umbus .... ............ G-l , 4~ 102 3 &4 .00 ° 86 .00 Pje tte .............. ·John B Milc h e ll ........ .... Osceola ............ ... .. .. .. 58 ... ... . ... .... .

3 .20 1 65~ . 00 p 1 Nettl eto n ..... .. ..... ... 1W1llow Grove. .... .... .. ~3 9 sn~ 3 .CO 4 .~,o 0 1' cl'-iviJJoW .... iac~b B:lilcy ........ .... .... .. ,n.v m b o l dt.... .... ........ 98 2~ wl 3 .oo 432.00 .R ~cJ 1 [Lrctson ...... T J Di xon ...... ....... .. .. ... 1\\' Jlher .. .... .............. .. ! 106~12n 264)/o 4 00 \ 1068 .00 llllin'e .... .. .. .. .. . . p,1ite rson ........... .. .. ynpillio u r. .. .. ... .... .. .... 36 60 \ 167 3. 50 581. ~0 ~ 11 rpy .. .. ... ... .... . J. A. Smith ........... .... ...... \W o.hoo ..... .. .... ...... .... 102 111 2~7 3.00 8~2 nO saunde rs ......... .T. D. ~l cssinge r .. .. ..... ...... Se w nr~_... . .. .. ..... ... .... .

86 60 2o1 3.00~ 7n3 .00 snw!ll'd .... .. .. .... l\1 H l\lcad ............. .. .... Loup C1ty~ .. .. ........ .. .. 2\l 10\ 40 5.00 200.00 s~errnnn ...... .. . 'cnrnpb cll ...... , .. ...... .... ~tonton . .................... 2~ 13 113 2 75 ~7G . OO ,n n ton ....... .. ... llfi ss J osie hl.

KCJtll . ...... \Hebro!1.. .. .... ..... ........

58 39 1GO 3 .50 n?O.OO 81 Thayer ... .. ....... l\1. Coombs .... ... .... ...... .... A r c!ldlll. .... .. ............. 30 18 \ 50 3 oo ~oo . oo y 11JicY .......... .. v !I!Jiler .. ......... ....... Blmr .. .... ......... ........ . 47 \ 138 192)/o 4 & 3 00 133 00 wns hi ogton · ... .r11i11 e's A. E lliott .. .. ....... . T nPo r te1. .. .... ........ .. .. ~2 '23 83 3.00 1 24\J 00 WM· n e ......... ... A. A . P opc ...... .. ..... .... ..... 1 l~c u Clou d .... ....... .... . 1 1 ~ 1 99 2?~ 3 .00 , ~~~. 00 1 1 ·webs ter ...... ..... E !I. Armor .................... \ork ........... . ............ Sf:> ' 110 22n__ 2.~..:?:.~·':??

~c:,s;bJion::::::::: .¥1/;"'i~.~:.:::::: ::: ::: :::::: 1\';;,o.:-.~.::::::::::::::: :::::: ~ ~g

l.o,\

1

)J· .............. \(;

J.' JJ.'

J.

w

~rl~· :.:.:: :.:.:.:::~·_:_ ..~.:

·- -

~~

t~8 ~~ug

TABLE VIII-GRADED SCHO OLS. 1880.

- - --·- rn - ~ , '0- ----;-- - Q)~.O o ~ ~ d ! .a ,.:;;a :!i 'Ul~ 0 ~ 1=1 :::1 g ~ "'"' 8 "' ;:l o'a" "'o o.o OMJ..t .a8 I P"'""4 C1J

g_g

~

~2 "'~ 't:l 0:>

r.nQ.l:O

::l

H

_

--- --·----- ---· .

Ashla!!d •. Saunde rs Connty .... ............... ...... , B!ueSp1:mgs. Gage " ......................... ~rownvill e,Nemtth a " .. .......................

z

I

p:f<Uce

1 1 1

2 1 .........

1 1

o

5 2

.§ ;:lp.

~. S

I

7

- 2

:>.:;J ~·o..

~

P::;

·1

1 100

7

1

2

1

.........

I

"1

~

d •

~

,......

0

~ ~ ,g ~P. P.

"':;J ~ .A C ;:l ~P..

~

o,;jl

C5~

.<:1 0

W•A

...--!

.o!;DA ;:l

o d_g

I ~

rn

o·~ >.~ "' ·~ ~~

"'"

I I I

~ 1 1 !JS ......... ... .....

1 51 1 •1S 2li ... ...... ...... .. . .........

86 1......... 1

(._. '[

I"'"'

"'" 'do:> ~-1-l

~

S _s ~

~

" " " " " :: "

g~~l~~ni~M\U~~~u

PlnmC~eck,Dawson Rnlo, Rtchurdson

::" ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ....1~........1~ .. .',...~~~3 ...... ~3 ......~~~65.. ...~:.~GG.. ......... .... ~:.. ,...32:~ ....... ~1... .... :.2... ..... ........ ..... .......

" " " " "

............... ...... .... ............ ............. ..................... .... ...... ........ ............ ...... ...................

11

... . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

:: " " " " "" "

R ed Cl oud , We\)ster Scbu y \e r , Colfax.

Su tto'n, Cl a y Sew o.rd , Scwo.rtl Syro.cu~. Oloc Sal. e m. , Rich.a. rdson Ste rling, J ohn s01;

i:~_z{~~~e~~·J~~rson

Wilber, W ahoo, Salin Sauneder~ W e st l'o in t, Cummg Wee pi n g W ater, Cass Yo rk York '!'a b le Roek. Pawnee Supe ri o r , Nncko l~.s Steel e Ci ty , .J t; !fe i so n Norfolk, U>Ld ison...

......................... ......... ............ .... .......................... ...... ....... ............ ....................... .......................... .... ........... .. .... ..... .............. .. .. ....... .........................

".."

1 2 1 3 S

3 ·1 !J

1

a

1 1 1

1

...... ... .........

2

8

! 215

S

3 1 1~ ......... · 1

1 .........

1 .. ....... .. ....... .........

.........

3 6

3

97 359 68 91 958

3

5

·1

j

3~~

4

52 3

5 •1 3

I ta 2381

9 3 3

•1 3

44ii SG

?3

3 3 3

r. n UJ

71 1M

•13 5-l 5G5

96

65 5•1 .........

60 179

~7

282 113 G76 5'U

;,4 392

•16 73 77

~58 72

1

.........

1.. .......

2 1

•1~ 26 G8

I

r.

61 .,

C.~

18

o9

Go

60

oo S.c .

>.~~ ~ ~Q)

JJ ~

~ ...

o ;.>:r. ?-~ u

s

U

...; ., ...... ................. ..... .. ....... ............ _, ........ . l nO.OO .....................

33.001 9 UOO.OO ............... ...... 30.00 to:i0.00 D 585 .00 ·10.00 ·10.00 U 720 .00 80 .00 •10.00 9 1000.00 35.00 35 .00 & M.oo 1 n ..... .. .... .

35 .00 ~5 . 00 V 315 .00 35 .00 30.00 9

1

a .:~~.o_.~.:~.~ ..............~~. . ~.o ...............5~.-. o?! ....:~ ...

67.5.00

•10 .00

30 .00

GOO.OO ......... .. ......... .

•10.001 5-JO.OO 60 .00 ~5 .00 !

1000.00 50.00 •10.00 & 45 .001 900.00 ... ................. . 37 .00 & -1 ~.00 1 G<JO.OO ... ......... ..... .. ..

50 .00 1000 .00 ·10.00 -10.00 to 50.00

2

5

. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. ... . . . .. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .. .

2 1~ 100 .00 32 .00 & 55 .00 1 G 1000 .00 .................. ... ......... ......... 2000.00 70 .00tolOO .CO l ry •100 · 00 50 · 00 . ........

36 2 S 1000.00 65 .00 ......... l a~5 . 00 50 .00 I 1 2 105 00 45 00 1.........

2 3 500 .00 35 '00 • · ....... .. / 1.........

1 2 360.00 ............... .. ....

... .

21

~7 . 00

I

'''i 00 :J0 .00

•r 'oo :w.

\ \1 \.........\ \1 ......... ,, \ ~10 ~ ~""""\

4

4

67

1

o7

Gfi

· ry ''-

_

3 2

630.00 r.1n M

~

0

~

..., P:l

f1:J

H 9 !I V

9 !J . .. .

~

~

~U

9u 9

9 0

9 7~\ ~ ,.~ 1' .. \·:.:·. i·.:·r .. r· . . f . . ~... . ~.\. . .~.... ~. . \.... 1....... r'\. ·~woo':::::: : ·.: ::::::::: ·:i5·:oo·io'5o:ool.. ·ia...

1 ~ I " ~

1 ·,·. :.·.'·.'·:::::::: .. :::::::.·.:·.·. .... "" .... ... . .. ........ ....... ... .. ........ _ ..........\ ...... · ....

~

0

~0 .00 & ~0. 00 !I _I. OOto 10 .00 10 40 .00to70 00 10 35 · 00 ' S n 30.00 to55 .00! "

I

I ~5 ~u I 4o_

::=o

Q) J..t

liOO .OO 60.00to70.00 36 .00to ·IO.OO 9 & lU ·19:i.OO 55 .00 :10. 00 9 550 .00 .................. ...

3;; .00 1.0 500.00 ......... ..... ...... sn.oo 1 u ~85 . 00 55 .00 •10 .00 7 600 .00 60.00 20 oo j 10

2~

.........

~~-5 ""'"' ~Ecu

c...

. I~fM :::::::::::::~:·:~:~ . . . . . . . ~~·.-gg .... ~~

3 8

41 .........

70 .

2

J

.....,

o "' I o-"' "Ei" J

$.-

.... ........ ...... .... ...

1. .........

4 <\.

11 ll\1 <\'2 G75.00 ·1'• .00 4'10 1.

21 l3 \ 5% .001.....................

30 .001 30.001 .... .. ..... .............

1. l ·~ '\ l \)1.)

Ill \1'2 ......... 1 3 G75.00 1... .. ... . ..... ......

J5 .00 ' .. .. ...... ................'

•I \ 1 ;, .....,... ......... ......... .. ....... ........ . 3 1 \J\lO 00 60.00 to 50 .00 ·IO. ool .. · .. .. .......... .'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'..

1 1 '2 o 7\1 i,i;, ....... .. ......... l 2 540 .00 60 .00 35 .00 ' .. ..... .... .... ... .. .

1 .. .......

•1 ~ 71 53 3~ ......... \ 1 2 5<10 .001 uo.oo 30 .00 & 2ii.oo 1 1 2 .. .. .............'.'.::.......

1 ,.........

5 185 .....~o..\ •\(i48 .. ..G1... \........ .

2 3l o.oo, -10.00 30 .00 & 35 .00\ 4 " ......'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'........... .

2 \ 1 1 4 G75.00' 75.00 35.00

N e lson . N n c:kol] s , l'lin " BJ oomin g t@, " ....... ............. ...

Riverton, Fwn < 1 " ..... . .. . .... ... .. .. ~. ncatri ce. Gug~--- -* •rwo di stricts . A ~g ~·eg-nle . t Grncled pa rt of y cut.

r;"1a ~'

1 1 1

VI

..c:

oo

r.n

•10 .00 ~ SG oo 1 50 .001 ·10.00 25.00toao.oo 1 1000. 00 .. ................... <J2.00to 50.00

.......... ... ............ 1 2 1 J 4 3 126 131 97 1.... .... .

2 •1 ... .... ... ... ............

1 1 ·1 S 70 52 ~8 .........

1 2 .......... .. .. ........ .. .

2 ......... 1 2 2 77 .........

58 1.........

1 1 .. ....................... s ......... 7 s 198 115 57 ......... 2 •1 ....... ..................

2 .........

2 2 IH .................. ' •J9 1 1 €~~v1~tes~:~~n.line ....... ..................

1 .........

2 2 8-l .........

51 ;.........

1 1 David b't Be · .................... .. ... .... :;·........... "":) '" .................................... , .................. "" ;j '" y , utler ...... ................... ~ ......... _ 3 8-1 67 81 .........

1 Falls City, Richardson " ....................... ..

1 2 G 6 108 105 •JO 51 1 6 Fairbury, J e f:l'e rso n " ..... .... ........ ........

2 1 ·1 4 109 55 85 67 ~ 3 Fairmont, Fillmor e " ........ ... ... ......... ,..

1 .. .......

3 3 42 •18 •JO .........

1 2 Fremo nt, Dod~e " . .... ...... ........ ....... s 1 1 u 4 389 Hl DO I 44 ~ 10 Ft. Cal ho un ,\\ a sh in gton " ......... .... ...... .. ....

1 ......... , 2 2 72 86 ...... ... ..... ....

1 1 Friend, Salin e " ................... ......

1 ........ .

2 2 92 .... . .... &1 1........ .

1 1 Gibbon , B u flhlo " .......... ............ ... ~ 1 6 3 3G Sol ....... .. / 37 2 1 Hn.rvara. Cl >LY Humboldt, IUchardson H ustings. Adams Hebron, 'l'ha yer K ea.rney, But11tl o Lincoln, Lancaster Niobrara, ICn ox Nebraska City. _()toe North Platte, Lmcoln Omaha., Dou glas P a p i'llio n, Sn..rpy· Platts mouth, Cuss Pawnee City, Pawnee P on ca, D.L'(?n

:. . .

$ 705 .00 $

3 1 8

: :::::::.;.:·:·:·:·:·:·:.::::::::::r .. ·r ::::::::r . r:. . r . .2~(:::~~: .... 1fi:::~::: ::::~::: . . f

~!~~::~~~l~:

Columbus, Platte* Central City, Me rrick Carleton , Thayer Crete, Saline Dakota City, Da kota

I

I ~ ...... '5

oo

<:0

1-P-

70.00 · • --

•lfi .OO

V

9

U

00

c:t

"'1?1 ~

E2 ...,

·1 __

.

3 1 1 1 7 I

.. .. .......... , .. .. .... .

•1 I 300 I

85 1

7ii' "'65"'1""3"'1""6"'\'"iJOii'iio' ............. ,uO.OO ...... j...... ........ _. .............

• . oO.OO 9 ..

-

- - - - -- -

~

l'lj

.,l 0

~

"'

~ ~

0

,., ~

§ 0

~

<:0

t:.l l

t:O

o:r t;;j

tzJ

"d 0

TABLE IX. Summa1·y of Statistics.

I .18~1 I

l

1872

I

"'umber of organized e<_mnties .........

851 481 Number of school dJstrJcts....... ........

10~8 1410 Nn_mber of school houses............. ...

5o8 787 Children of age ......, .... ,......... .

41071 / 511231 Average number m enc h dJSi rJCt.. .. .. • <tO M61 No. of children attend ing schooL .... ~ 232651 28786 Percen tofattcndnn ce .. ................... l 56 56 Number of male teachers .. .......... ...... / 5C.O I 773 Num ber of female teuchers . .......... .. : 520 739J No. of days taught by mnle teach ers 414lli 55996 No. days taught by female tenehers. l 360'21 55901 1 Av. No. days taught byco.ch teacher 72 1 7-1• Number of grnded schools .......... .......................................... 1

scho~l

81264 n * 107818 69 $ Ils Hi257 65992 74 , 93677 751 47 20H96 44

Total wa?es pa id mnle teaehers ........ " ' " female teachers ......

Total wages............ ..........................

Average wages per month, males..... " •· " " females ... !

Value of ~11 school property .......... .. .

Totalrece1pts .................. .. ........ ...... .. 1 Total expenditures .. .......... ...... .. ....... !

Total indebtedu ess .. ... ......... ... .......... 'I Am't apportioned from S l~te fund ...

!

1

39 36 •120936 371 888 365520 73469 ~388-19

21 64 '

~6 1

t3 j o61 G3t •10/

1873- --

I

591 1863

1138

63108/ 33 37872 60 ' 10~6

1176 75996 82796 72 21 1

..,

~

0

Ten Yea.rs of the 8ystP.>?I.

I

1874 60 2215 1516 72991

33

47718 60 ' 12521 1<183

90-JSOI

106•172 1

72 1

32 j

1875

- ~--

l,j

..,

>r; 1876

60 2-105 2018 80122 33 55-123 69 150-11 1587 111Sn3 1217231 9G 1 381

I

60' 2513 2195 SG19 t 36 59996 70 1468 1893 109577 135971 951 56,

I

1877 61 24UG

2212

n2116 37 i>677·1

(il l

1571 2153 12H03 16001ll 88 61

I

1878

691 2690 2231' 1040301 ~8

62785 GO 1609, 2121 109347 145516[ 35 47:

I

1879 63 2776

2-109

123-lll l •J-J 76D5G1 63 1607 22211 1253il2 1739621 871 601

t<l

1880

00

~

- -'64

H2~18

3132 2701 -1-1

n25•19 65 1670 2430 H0882 202125

82 70

t<l

~

~

ttl

z

1-j

0 "1 "d Cl

149511 13 $ 171776 8G'I$ H0341 77 171020 40 289852 uo ' 3<12806 261 38 50 S!l 36 37 98 33 -10 1 33 go; 32 12 S~Zl Go 59 1 1167103 Si; 1G53~26 15 531680 39 1 9011 89 9-l 9881-10 20 53-1095 971 915076 391 100,1957 03 176075 35 1 f>-19307 77 918955 01 157495 11 167·193 11 176461 98

22299-1 19 $ 210748 51 433743 00 38 60 33 10 18-~8239 00 9_8188 00 10:i•1817 09 105-1817 09 292471 •J9

219-120 230140 4·19560 37 32

1585;~~

1093- lv 1098974 10-18058 2'll167

001$ 220962 -12 S 208957 l SI$ 208642 00 236085 28 2&>542 971 258038 00 •157047 70 444500 10' -166701 H 35 ·16 3-1 65 • 33 &11 S1 so' 25 75 29 GO 1 ~2~35 88 1805466 GGI 1 81 ~288 39 10-Go83 S4 849300 45 110--188 75, 1027192 21 936931 981 1100926 66 1039546 68 10362·15 02 1010607 531 183025 80 I GU281 88 __ 205622

23 $ 242334 ·17 78 306865 9,1 01 0.19~00 41 25 36 12 55 31 92

2~ L

206476~ 3~

129-11 31 Go 37 03 60 1 1008799 28 5.2_ 208-IOS 30

12·1~793

to

t

0

;;, ({)

~

8...:i

0

:z:

0

"< UJ

c

:<l

z

> t" (') t""' >-1

z

"':.- n0

~ ~ -..J -

'9

iJ)

~

.-l

z zt=J

['""'

...

~

tr,

)::0.

'"c;

••

t'2

~

to

~

(\>

{;

~-

~

~""

0 ......

';;;o-1

~ (f)

::::

0

.....

~

z

['l

~

sn

.

~

e.

rH

~

.

0

0 ~

Oj

tr:1 ::t>

·~

tr:1

z

~

z

to

tJ ......

8a:

0 ::t>

~

r;; t1 til

-<

I

1:1

~

H

~

.-...J

~

~

co

--...J

~

~

~

"' ~

~

> Cl1 ~

>-

~

00 ~

0

0

"

w

0 ~ 0 0

r

[/]

~

..

0

"'~'

~

1-1

00 ~

1--j

a

CIJ

TABLE I.- RECEIPTS.

lras~o~es

IF-rom tui1

Inf hand/ Rec'd n···t from Cf?./ Fromsnle tion o~ From aU _for y~; of Dist. n on-res1other m clucli g Bonds dent sources am't u 1 i.J.9 handon

Trcnsur r ITocn.sur'r from to

COUN2'ill3

/ .1 Ap., "Pt;,' ···• 1 78, 1!i78 Ap., 1879

Ac!nms....... ............ ::::::.::::::::::::::::: $ An iclupc................ .................

J~~:~ $ 1~{~ ~----~:::: $

26-J.:so 1812 36

1 769 .12

Ap'l, 1878

p l

'1~ $ 4_. 4<; 65 13

193 .95

::fg_:i jf$ Jfti.:~1?~_- 63/ _?J,~~-· !8 ,

1655 10

119:?0.10 111.03 10092. 98 635. 00 10. 00 149 . 63 6302.9[ 269::?3.:?0 540.00 60 .00 1878.87 10. 48 8200.00 ········· ······ ·········9.oo ······ ········· ······ 1 o87 . 51 8il6 .·15 ........•......

268.51 ~842.00 2J SU6 .05 17l 65 81.85 2866 .50 8020. 70 l37c'9. 66 270. 00 8. 65 2164 .48 7190.08 1] 93::?. 00 ········ ···••·· 2 . 00 1289.81 5731:4

·····;m7·:51 Jr.J6. 22 2S72.64 5656.09

10973.!17 ·1013.47 365 .78

5.71 248.15 893-1.61 90 . &1

7. 00 2310.50

49.52 · ····· ··· ······ ········· ····· · ······ · · ···· ···

6946 .59 ····••·• ··•··•• ······ ·•·······

7500. 96 ········•······ ··············· 67::?.13 10146.85 ··············· 40 68.39 29225.47 2073.00 108.25 6769 .3-J 2.5375 . 00 580.00 ··············· 5572-1. 32 2539~.18 473.00 78.::?3 1200.52 &I:?-2. 39 23-L 00 10 . 00 398. 44 ? ·u.19 ......... ......

15 .oo 1 oo 124 . 67 3013. 3,; ········· ······ ··············· 21G7·l.42 461.00 136. 90 1533. 78 580. ~ 170. 00 ··············· ·1 .35 6.10 32.60 10 .;;s ...............

19075 . 12 I59a7.31 2. 00 3349 .96 19~9.76 1206.33 8. 65 707.97 3454.12 so .oo 16. 00 324 . 06 13~.

21 ······ ········: ··············· 1.00 16!.66 ........ . .. ....

1 .50 11.18 48-J~ . O-t 243 .72 63.16 ~}.1~~-13 2296.66 3 .5o 939 .45 91.7·> 1070 78 1.,9,,:...09 ...............

•·····•·•···· ·• .......•...... ·•· ··· •· · .:.... .21 4.40.00 ········· ······ 178.99 4221.~1 ··············· 8.20 184 .78 3~2G~. '! 1593.00 55 .50 19787 .47 "~!:- ~" 18og .og . .............. 1617 .52 ~~.( . .,~ l25.3o 19.29 2~0.!)3 1a~~~~ · ···· ···732. ····· .

3!5 .58 1s" "'·1' G5 ·······ss-:25 1050.94 1448.04 189.. 60 10.00 515 .16 27~47 . 73 . ... . . . . . .. ....

20. 97 1177. 82 231.74 9.75 10825.68 4190 .29 106 .00 ······ ········· ······ ·· ······· 4t9o .1T ··· ····· ······ ........ .......

16.00

4~~ ~~

Ot ,·nee ·····

····· ·····················

8 . 25

~

~?~-1;

2

""" 2f>619.09 85705 .18 8210 .48 10376.53 ., 8"10.05 19374. 79 20364. 74 49.52

7612.16 9829 .31 13087.78 43832 .13 93154. 19

31157. 90 4430 . 56

307.90 3336 .47 32790. 71 845 .02 147.98 45569 40 27361:64 4189 77 140:24.

178. 61 5544 64

2 oi2:74 19616 21 1632:18 6405 .26 5 12.46 64 .34.

10112.o3 10045 .33 17658 . 38 26955 .85 19574 .70 33410.17 17399.19 853. 57 6 - .12

~J']Ji1~,~~-.~~r.·_.:_..-...:.:·.·:_:_._. .·_.:_:_:.:_:_: : : :_:_:_:_:__::_:__::_:__: :_:_:_:_:_:_:_:__: ~~~~1 :_91;~9 m~~:~r ......~~~. .~.~ 1~:88 2g~u~ i~b~t~ p ol k-·: n ow .............. ·······1-;9··.·~,·8· 16o~.og 32r,4 ,1~·. 38 64 wct•on---····························::::: 2~752.13 1 396~.60 P'''

.........

207·' 98 ·>.

o232.91

~~~~: ned

sutnto:.l.-··::...... ..................

0 Th itY . . . . ... ........................ .. . ......

Vnllcr -~·[;;;, .......................... ........

Wnslttllo ..... ...........................

1\'ftYilC . .. .......... ........... .......

Wo >bstcr······::::. · ··· .... ...... ............... \~?..':.!.·· · · · · ···"" • '" """"" " ""

-

v

558

v

21 91o . 8 156 ·····1·2··-,· l· ·.·;;l· 1287 .20\

v

·····3·9··1·:1·.·8··6· \

..,

·;! ~ ~~ fti ~TI.J ~~ i ~ ~~ l~ ~ 7956.47

38.?9

1

i~~I:~il ......~.~~. .~ .......149.1.0 ~.-.~.~ ......280-1.30 ~~~--- ~~ 228279. niU~08

101.. n / 33SG.58 21GRG.OS1...............

3609.82 14:!4. 35' ...............

1300 39 1261 GO...............

3?87.30 16911 .66!

4-14.50 - ·

·············· ·1 56 .26 25.65

19U . 02 435 .67 1034. .94

5243. 16 8056 .99 21417.82

4

STATI.i:i'l'1CS OF PU BLlU

cCHUOLS.

6TAl' I."TI '

OF PU B I.IC SCHOOLS.

5

TABLE ill. -ST TI T I S

TABLE H. - EXPENDITURES.

I · I teachers teachers

I

t:D~ ~

I I

0

""~22§

1

0

=-

Butler .......... ........ ................... .......

Cass ............ .................................

Cheyenne.............................. ........

33-13. 76 235.40 3977. 39 666G.42 10JUS.09 1087.60

~~ ~a~

~~>-<<

Cc d u r .... ........... ..... ........ ........ ....... !

·176~.24

Clay

•1646 47

Colfa;_--::::·:.:::·:::·.:.::::::::::::::::::::::::::' 6153:96 Cuming .......... ............... ....... ........ 1 6174.55 Custar........................................... ...............

Dawson ................................. .. ...... •

2636 .58

4732.35 3307914 ._00 33 2390 .&1 8<106.37 1 1405.87 180.47 222.25 5156 .35 33U7. 76 5809.21 3228 .01 4.852.2<1 2437. 18 5243. 97 6420. 80 742S AO 8961. 36 7782. 63 5937.49 652.47 .. ..... ........

1969 .20 1.21 1480.00 1075 .65 1722.38 1335. 16 7667. 83 3806. 99 9618.31 8020 .'15 3606.90 2125.41 3590. 60 3897.89 3633..62 20"28 .69 4036.39 4.491. 49 2<1.00 ...... ......... ... ... ......... ..... .. .... ....

1540.45 388.87 2070. 33 975. 82

0-.....-....

Franklin............................... ........

Frontier..... ...................................

Furnas ...... ........................ ............ J Gage .. _......... .. ...... ......... .. ........ ....... ,

g~;~1~l::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

:-

Hall ....................... ......................

~~~r:~~

1<149.29 172.50 1438.17 9790 .79

~~:gg

5879.43

1484 .34 120.00 721.54 7878.SS

4 ~t6s

3138.57

4.45.49 12. 8<1 506.49 2080 .g7 1 53605 .28

520.67 9. 25 367.16 5388.20

sg:r8 . .....5660.30 ~~. -~-~

Johnson........................................

Keith... .......................... ................

Kearney.......................................

Knox ...........................................

Lancaster . .... .. ...... .. .. ............. .......

Lincoln. ..................... ........... .......

Ma dison .......................................

Merric k ................... ............ ........

Nemaha ......... ..............................

Nuckolls ... ........................... ..... ....

Otoe.................. ....... ................ .....

Pawnee................................. ........ 1

1934. 75 49-17 .48 163 .00 836 .67 1050.85 8279.22 1710.00 2612 .90 5331.11 5365. 50 2038.17 8271.58 3158.40

•1.98-1. 75 10475. 79 5917.19 1533.08 360.00 ...............

94.4.37! 2527.80 1298 .19 473. 14 15851.21 4877. 32 2776.76 2054.27 26 5.66 1343.81 3569 .58 4112.79 8-133.56 3405. 14 3046.56 2906.40 77<12.35 3382. 10 5613 .17 1756.16

5620.56 4056. 56 273.29 6924.19 9201. 48 5212.06 8159.00 5001.37 362.41 2733.80 5019.00 261 .44 4681.23 960.00 2198.29 4458 .98

4751.03 41267. 32 452?.,53 2151.82 30o~·ll6 ... ........... .

8504 .75 8529.05 9001. 33 6044.86 4359.22 1952 .14 10238 .77 9515 .91 6033.33 7808.01 344. .65 ... .. ..........

1261. 25 905 .38 3670.47 7765 .82 528.45 480 .05 8591.56 4117 .15 714 00 &13.43 3203.33 :924 .291 20&1 . 09 4996.68

~fe~-~8 .:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~~~:88 li!~:~ Platte...........................................

Polk ..................... ........................

Red Willow.... ........................ ......

Richardson ....... ...... .....................

Saline ..........................................

Sarpy ...... . ...... ............ ...... ............ ::'aunders... ......... ............ ...............

·cwar<l .............. .. ..........................

Sherma n .. .......... .. .........................

Stanton ........................................

Jrhayer.. .......... ..................... .........

Vnlley ... ............... ...... ...... ............

Wnshingtou..................................

Wayne.. ...................... ... ...............

Webster ... ............... .....................

York ..... :.::·.:::~==.............. '

11~:~b

4695.89 2375.. 74 134.00 738 .34 1135. 59 27493 .32 2740 .05 2115.42 2630 .22 8517. 59 309,1. 81 blll.67 5112.28'

3052. 29

3181. 53 33-12 .78 1075. 16 1357. 58 1959. •12 8387. 26 836.30 12&1.48 1514. . 65 5854. .40 6923 .95 8902. 49 1859 .16

~~:~ 1~~g:~g 22~-g~ 436-1.38 &179.52 4 .00 5932 .72 7593.67 4334 .62 &163 .05 30,30.75 30.00 1589.67 5608.55 473.00 7324.94 652.54 748.29 2031.89

2774 .95 21~78.24 1438.80 16096.08 33.'19 GOG .34 6046 .29 31717.0"7 7812. 86 39654. 69 4178. !H 20036 . 98 7200.23 ·11621.96 4121.27 2601<1 .73 .26 ~ &16 . 82 '111 6.68 · 8614.34 4196 .65 23143.17 162. 00 1912 . 21 3561 .18 28279 .06 2073 .22 5243 .19 977. 12 8056 .92 2699.64 21237. 80

6~

51

48

j

J,!'"cn ln... ..... .. ..........

1~

65

t(,~t<_l1!1;;c~~~. :::::::::::::::::: ....

... ...... .........

8089

so

1452

75 4

G

51

48 1

30 1

G·1 65

.,6 i

]'<c' .J·o!ls..................

8~~~

-........................

48

75 34

85 58

rpPrf;·'~l~ -~tc~er:-:·: _:___:_ _:._ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~g

56 15 n5 h ELrdson ..... .. ...... 107

po ' ... 110 v u Wi ' .............

R

~ H'fine ~\py

... .................. 36 ... .. . .... ... .. .. .... 100

3'' 78 &i9o

74

Gl

48

26 9

4~

:J48

104 { no , .!' caster.... ............

7 1

n

·g

~~

S.JGS

.:!

;g~ !.S~ ~.S..

.,g

c..3

gj

e ~~ l.a3/~M ~ ;g ~

Eg

> 'Cb

6-"1

>.0 =" = 15oc

6.a 6 / ~ :n /.2!"'

25_,o

6277

10 40 '16

16~~

9

T3

1G·It 3832

1037 5185 2.J.o6

~~~

~1212188~~ v

11

94

98

Ov

303

586~ 4181

35\ 1o0-!

90

Stn n to n ..................

Thayer ................ ...

V fl. lleY.. ....... ............

Wnshington ............ w a yne.. ............. .... ..

.. ................

y~k--.:.:::.::.:.: · ..:--.: -- ·: ...

... ..

25

86

21 17

}1

u89o 7• 67

1

1 1 1

50

21 46 19,14 15 46

119 " ""2 ''"45 .... 7 120

zoo 146 94 Ill

I

59/'

8 8"~ .... .i 8 4 18 1

153

.... S 5 4

169

"8

IO ""'5'o.........

61 .... .. .. ....

4g ...&; ......j

-

...... 30 ...... l10 ...... 180 1 1g~ ~ ~g 12 61 1 , 2 1;.

a-1

.....: 4 ..... . ... ~..

I/

1{ ,"-'> I 24 3 ...... ......

24

.4

i

§

J~/

6-~

2 6 2

'"·~0

~

5 1 &, 1 141 .....3 ...... ......

1 47 .... ......._. .. .. ..

...... ......

s2

62

4 8 2

50

t~

~

uo

4 .... ..

1 2&

3 8

100 64

10 9

23

120

.,

~6

3

<>

.. ....

4

60 4

1

2

Go ....

1

3.';

1

50

1 3

65

I

1 1 3 ..... ......" :::::: .......... ..

6"•

o?

4

1

19 20

49~3

t7

.....

2

Z,2, :_:_:_:_:_:_

29 9:2 107 138 34 ().!

33 85 25 s1 31 89 50 70 ~ 96

1

8

61 18 ......

7 ...i5 ·i·o.i .....6 •

'> .. .... .. .. ........ 1.. . . ..

s 39 ..........., ...;;·1..... .

40 10

~

4 4?

2 .. .. .:

2

115 .... .. ~I 3

1 2 35 2 24 3 ......

1 36

5 .. ..

6 1

1

57

1

10

4

3

136

'" 'i[:.....

40j

9

s 5oo

1

:·:::~ .....g.... F:::: :::::: :::::: 41""'"·.; ... ,........ ~ .....: ...~ .... ~

"O

""""3 .........~.. .... 4

1 6

1

11 42

5 ...... ... ~.~

117 o_ 1i " "" "";ii 32 1, 7

.....~

8

18 7 49 ......

~6 .. .1..9.9G..i ... i~ .....:

-.,

' ....... .

3 ...... ...... ...... ~6 · ......

1

1 ~ ......

14 4 42" 2

D~

wo ·w1 ..

...... ...... ... .. . 1

...... 231 3 2 61 2 121 1" 7 .....4 ... ;·0 ...... ·-- 4; ...................... .. :::::: .....9 .... .....i ..... ...

7901 21 ~~ 21 3 2-1:::::: 371"""'8 .....i '""57 "'* 113 4 6 10 48 9 4 2i; 55

lg~

14 233•) .. """ ~0 69 ...... o9 ... ;:; 4 43 11 5 2-! 81 2 2;) 88 2

~~ ~ ~~

1 66 2 4.0 ......... ......

42

11-11 5 130 ...... lll 2

10 65

irJ\ ~~ .....~ ...2~

13_ :209 ......

1579 l o 85\ 2 4761 1:! Gl l......

2883 G3! 97 11 3 1691 8'1 11 6\...... ., 70 4S I 2~ r s ·l l G: G6l' 1 84· 60 3285 391 6S 1

22 52

10

IO

"9 3 ~ 43J. .... . ~ :~! ~ ~ ~g .....: ...~ .....: ... s.~ i .....~ ---~~1:::::: s~ 7Q "'"1 17 """"'ios .....~ '"25 ; ~. ..... . r, ;;o: .. . ::: lo Go 1 28 101 2 20 20 22 .................. 1.... ..

-,~Q68 fs'~6·

97

5~

ll9 2 s<> 5 ...... .... .~ 128

12~Z1m ~ . .so~6 ::::::2 . ...3~i ::: :::::1~~ ::::::~ ...7'2 .....a:::::: ....1 ............

1:::::: 4 i

1l"s's

7·1 28 so

42

210 11 57 119 15 65 2289 2? ~9 2264 1:t ~c~ 13U6 15 &1 107 .... .. ..... .

s~~~~Jr:q ..:::::::::::::::: ~f ii a;:~~ ~Itcrillan .... ............

5~9'l

Webs ter

. P.... __.:....

00.;!10

17 92 2 15 17 76 ......

2 19 78 2 33 20 83 1 5154 2'2 , 86 2 581 2w n91 200 1 1096 19 94 :::::: 21 SQ.ll 44 77 2 30 2!69 21 112 1 23

130;1 16-13

~0

57

fjc{ocel,~- .:r'~r.~o;_r_·_:_:_:_:_ :_ :_ .:_:_:_.:_ :_ :_:_:_:_:_:_:_ ~~~ i

0

1771 926

lj!

~~ ~ £Io ,v>H rl ....

J efferson... ........... ....

j'. C n>l h fl.

"'""' ><>

2010

:!

5-1 67 49 77

s~

46752.98

mns

51

60 86 r 23 67

S7 13 8

t4~:8~

28572.71 19616.23 16~2. 16 6405 .26 5917.19 G4SSS . 33 10110 .03 10045. 38 17658 .35 26 6~6 .79 19574. 77 33410.19 17399 .17

;;:3

29 17

51 3!

33

4430.56 314.39 3386.47 82790 .71

. . •. 1n :m~

~ :~~ ~·~ ~: ~ ~

Jefferson.............. ....... ..................

530.77 .30 303.01 715i.S7

-

6

5~

............... .... ,

cf"u:(.~::::_._::: ::::::::::::·::/ co 'iiig...................

Ef:g~a::·:::.:::::::::::::::·::.:::::::::::::::::: ~ ~~:~g ~~:~g 1~i:~ ~~~:rg llin~ 1~g~n~ Dodge 6770 75 12676.87 12659 40 6752.94.

4973.11 43832. 13 ~~~~:_:_:_: ::::-_:_::_:_:_:::-.:_: ._:_::_:_:::::-::::::::.:::: 1 ~:i~ 3~~ : g~ 1~u: ~g~~:~~ 1 ~~~u~ ~~5ru~

o '2

~ oas ~3 /~~~ -o.g ~a c:>d~~ti-c.;~ _g:3,_g~ §5 : o-> !!?~ '"CM ri~ .d d ~E , E o ~gJ - : : :s o

0

Burt .................... ::::! Gli Duller ... ................... / s~ cnss .................. r Ch e y e nn e ...... ......... 2!! ctnr

tD

:-: : :1'~2~ ~~2~~:~ -<~~<~~~~-2r=lJ1 < 1Zf>~ .'~.' .~ <1~~Z fr~~~Z g5~--~-~~?~1A~

An - t-e lo_PAdluns .. .............

Bulfnlo ............ _'.'.'.':.'

Doo n e ....... .. ......

c

;! ~

~ :ii~Mi'!! _g~~ g~ ~~~~~~~~l:gj1~! i f~ ~~

...

....0 6

179G5.03 1932.91 21563. 72 25620 .70 85705 .18 :3210 .•1l!

10376. 53 28800. 05 19374.79 20364. 74.

24 .00 7612. 15

~

Cll

~ So 3~ ~g E~

OOUNTIES

~d~~~~-:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::1 $ :JG?J:8ils ~g:f:~,'s ~nrjs 6~~:~~~s 5~~~:gfls 23~U.~ BuiTalo ........... ..... ....... .... ...............

Boone ........... ......................... ......

Bur t .......... ......... - - .... ..... .. .......

:li ~~~g ~~~a= I~ I; ~~ I~ I~ .

~

l:.O'l:S 0)

~~~ a 5~ = ~ .a~ d..; Pd Ulale Paid fe- '" '" =~ !Paid for Amount 2.::; "§.<:l : male ,s o Cl 1 all oth et· on han d ~ ....;::; § : .,.0 "' pu rposes Ap1 7,1879 CD ....- .. :;:::

G'OUNT l ES

ch.ools, Sclwot Houses, and Institutes.

()f

1::1 '

2-1\ ( 2

21 39\

16 3t

6

4 .. .. .. ,, 7

'""19

1~0 : .... .. !"" '33 6:2

v

~ .

1

·

4

VI ............... ..

5 \...... ... ._. . ..... . ...... 1 \ 64 .. .. ..

101 -i.... -~ ...... .... ...

1

~ ~ 4~\ i~ ~~: 3l1 \ i ~~\:::::: ..................

6 S.'i \ ~ I

l OS 99 42 U'

2

30 .....·. 1 19!..

1 ...... .... ..

101 .. ..

2 5 10 5\ 4 2 60 7 I 1 4 .<9 . 7 ..... . ........... .

I .1•/o\'"""".;\s ....

5.

H 3:)

~ ~ ~ ~.~ ~

81

100

-1

l.P

OJ.

20'

'"?2,

"~I 1 ... ...

1

75

2

20 ......6. 1............ \.... ... ?- ...... \ ......

- ' \ 60 :.. ......"

7 I'""""'1 ... oO· 1

I

6

7

S T.ti.1'IciTICS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.

STATISTICS OF P l":'1LIC SCHOOLS.

TABLE V .

TABLE TV.-STATISTICS

oif Mills Levied, A m.ozmt Apportioned, a1Jd V alu e of School P l ·oop rty, l.Vumb ,.,_ T. !fioney in !Lands of vuunty reasure7 ·

I II

of School Ll.ttcndance and Teachers E mployed.

Ko. of children in Whole number of co.ch connty be- 1 children thnL at-

tween

the n~es tcnrlccl ~ch. durof 5 and 21 yco.rsl iug the year

COUNTIES

Males:Ire~-~Total 511

Antelope .................. ......

Adams ........... ................

Bullillo .. .........................

Boone ............................

1377

Burt . ........................... ...

Bu tle r . ........... ................

g~)=eiine·:::::::::::::::::::::: ,

~~1\;~::_: :~: :~:·: ~:~_: : : :~ I

Custer ................ ...... ......

Dawson .........................

Dakota ...........................

DLxon .............................

~1~gi~·· ::::::::::::::::::::::::

Franklin ........................

Frontier . ........................

Furnu~ ......... .. ................

Gage .... ....... .......... ... .... ..

Greeley .. ....... ..................

~~we_~_:·:.:·.::::·.·.·. :::::::::.·.:·.:::

H amilton

~~1'"i() l

Knox ... .............. ....... ... ...

Lancaster . ....... ............. .

Lin coln .........................

Madison ................... ......

Merrick ............ ............. .~ rcmabu.

931 50 1 1067 H 'i8

:l2

943 1231 ~430

117 569 1553 1017 983 30 2Ul 6' 7 832 154ti •ll4l 1GcJ9 755 72 5H8 1854 129 66 1150 122-1 703

102 527 1·188 1152 853 31 259 667 811 1730 43-19 1<140 697

63

l UO

6~0

1256 13-10 14 441

349

81i3

8-18 1906 383 2&10

........................

I

27~4

3187 361

Nuck olls ......... ........ .......

Otoe ........................ .......

Pnwncc ........ .................

~03

1301 &1.0

58

-131 1614 Hl 53 1.139 10·10 643 42 163 49-1 111.5 1230 9 325 319 3090 3~2

761 799 1926 469 23-15

1186

1220

!

195 121 1507 99;; 162 3073 2325 858 25::!3 1&1.2 2·15 '•309

~J~~-~~-·_:_·: ·: ·:: .: ::::::-:-: ::::::::: I

2:31 1<181 95 1207 1702

150 103 1301 810 141 2790 2162 ·706 2435 1622 193 290 710 225 1<102 74 1011 1583

~~~~J~t:·:::::: :::::::::::::::::::::

Pla tte ..............................

P olk ........... .............. ......

R ed Wi llo w ...................

Richa rdson ...................

Saline .... ................... ......

~;;~~~;;;.;;:·..·.-.-.:::::::::::·.:·:.:::

Sewa rd ...... ... ..................

Sh erman ........................

Sta nton ..........................

Tha ver ..........................

Vnlfev.............................

W ilShl n<rt'l n ... ... .. ..........

75[

Ma tesiFem. ITotal 267 76-1 580 2-!0 761

914 2G7S liil 926 20LO 268~

1 0~5

515-1 219 l OU:) 3011

1973 91 386 1074 71 8 G-18 18 13a 390 586 1172 2194 1130 •109 41

235

671 517

170 6&1. ~2

1671 92 3-11

j~o.

~

~ "'og

_t.o ;:l

-.:""

502 1435 101•1 410

450 918

567 ~00

!~~7

931 1.021 2061 81

3644 186 727

5~1

of q nal--·Ag. t ' o. days i1icd lCilCh- Ullll(h t by crscroptoy- all quul '<l

ed

6 35

~5

75 1 27 42

9&1 2Q~? ll G2 51>1 1302 779 .........

489 1137 637 30 23 41 32 .. .......

142 27U 220 11 379 769 624 26 593 1179 702 32 1111 2383 1650 <J~ 2086 4280 2482 40 1008 21 38 l OSti 40 1452 368 777 455 19 130 27 7J '15 4 96~ 560 490 18 ········· 31GS 1(:73 1261 263-1 ll9·1 71 270 6U 68 137 so 4 119 29 ·12 71 •17 3 2289 766 822 1588 11 00 4.1 226-1 &17 718 1665 1026 48 1396 379 1~0 569 4t17 19 107 9 12 21 H .........

853 121 97 218 140 3 1114 850 805 655 4'15 10 2371 800 709 1509 862 46 2571 811 955 1766 1066 36 23 12 6 18 .........

1 766 208 173 381 182 10 668 l !J2 123 25f> 198 11 6277 1613 1438 1137~ 1135 GS 70:l .. ....... ... ......

397 .........

5 1621 4&7 4-!3 9-10 56<1 2-1 1617 ......... ......... 130~ .. .......

41 a n'l 1272 1187 2459 .........

19 1037 379 337 716 il97 24 5185 ...... . ......... ......... ......... .........

2-IOG 775 715 1490 .........

30 &15 .. .......

214.

3 4·1 221 73 88 161 115 7 2808 899 817 1716 1306 31 1885 .

1293 683 31 303 105 .. ""Sri 1&:> 101 6 58f•3 ........ . ......... 3816 ........

56 4487 1536 1434 2980 18&1 69 156-!

6-58 525 1183 632 28 4958 1711 1701 3-112 1868 65 3-164 13<15 1043 2391 1187 43 •138 9~ 84 liG 103 2 599 140 212 352 231 20 1579 499 438 937 84 583 476 1 0 112 242 110 6 2883 1027 1013 2040 1146 23 169 53 41 94 526 7 2218 667 757 1523 1B!4 31 3285 1279 1111 2358 .........

47

21Gn

1836 61 550 1301 1&1:1 3278 &190 3089

..

........

.

Houses

22 ·18 36 19 19 48 7-1 1 16 75

820 210 I 18 11

5 179

·1 ~0

] 50D

2Gn;)

·12 11

57.1::!

200

Ull~ l

272:{ 3G~6

10~ 23

D uflillo...............

:>897 .50

Boo ne·... .. . .. .......

:«>GJO. OO

as.~·0

~~~~:.::::::::::::::::

~I

00

so

9 9 85 10 56 6 1::!

75

.. ....

tJ5·15

185

G60 2(j40 3-1 23 4 99

" " ""' I " " "

53701 3157 1701 2898 180 1659 2782 317 2l:l8 702 2172

3195

6658 2504 7-l 93 5OB6 607 ~29 I

2417 685 5510 620 3000 5088

:27·1 7.00 7

Clloycune .......... cl•<r ... .. .......

fggg:36

1f>404.00 363-17 S9

c

gouY.~ta~\~r~:g:_\;:~~:::_;_:_:;_~-~ 1~94boo~.:~

c "wson

~03'1

~?

2363 187 &'i5 2638 2fiHO 3GO

Bt1rt...................

oG13 20 9 112 1 5 1' s

27 29~3 - 2~;1 9 2 .........

1-20 8 1·10U 810 25 !:!0:!:2 1501 50 Jh:t.t 3Ci7'1 so I:H 7UO8 100 4 11 2 1879 75 . 070 53·1G 25 1265 1700 1 247 60 l!i llOS l OU8 67 5409 5268 10 187 ()71 1 200 60 48 '3H90 35 1 62 35G-I ~ 569 27 1080 2008 2 .........

1·10 7 180 ·1 s o 10 1380 955 52 2997 3878 57 2&13 44'20 2 60 120 12 714 9:29 H 870 1095 113 5203 9710 8 580 1220 33 1507 2199 33 3182 2712 &1 352:3 6567 26 2081 2087 57 3 7 39 16 7 65 87 30 94

Antelope ............ ' 35SG!i. 03 AcltLms................ ~c'()l0.7l

2:•t 5 ,

Sites

paratus

<:..=: .,.

tcndent

Fund

Fund

-----------~------+--=~~:1~~~~=-~----ooo 16$ 1:?...q,j. !l7 s 89:!3. 00 s 772.00$ M~: ~; 18 42'1. lti

Mnlcs{em. llfal esi Fero .

9 28 19

M&~CX5_/¥r~~~rof

~~~~~l~f XJ~~~r :~~1r1;~~ ~~~:~!~If :3~\~~~1 1D,i~~~dglt ,;> ;1J""

COUNTIES

t CHC il <! I"S

I

!;3]f~ ., / Appor- ~

D D

.......

19376 .00 16030. 00

:J~g: ~ :gg ''6738. 00

DD

~4533 . 00

D 1"

100.00 619 oo 2 ·00 smg:oo 75 . 00 41525 . oo 2 ~~n· ..... 6?

2750 . 00 225 .00 150.00 221 s1 ~o0 . ~0,o0·

JT

F

1" G G G ::

:

:E[

frJ~chCOC]<... .. ...... :a00111t,.n"r·d--·:::::::::::::

fe 111crsou .... .. .. .. .. nson .............

.,.

v

28396 oo 1ry00 00

{]~"~1,1l0\~;~:,~J·ety·~:·J: :. :_:::::::::

"•! 2 _~>~01:_gQOg

1

,,9 1 ..........

12-100 .00 r,~ c~1n .............. 1 11~33 . 06 Z\1990.00 1 ,16 19~ . 00 J\(C :1!1:<- .. ......... . \, l :.'.003.00\ ~c~~~~ollS .. .......... I S87~-i.OO :r-;u c .............. . 1 4232,; .oo o to , 1·1~0 1 1r.75 _:;o !'!''' ........ 6799 .00 _

·'

1751. 00 772. 00

1

MO:gtf

G!l3 .00

4;6~:gg 120.75

-~ 7~:gg 1107 _00 fV\lO ?.""' .:w

Zf~tt:i

12,~:gj?

1484 :~

18

15

16

u

8

,. Total

6-~-

.16$ 877.59/ 4 ' . 10 2.5. 14 :J.J/0.;]2 S!75 ..J.G 2676.7~ ...... ......... ......... ...... ' .. .. .. .... .. ll!Y.I •>~ l c :.!.Nl 1!.'3. 16/ 380.96 37o 507. 03 3107.15/ 3514.18

ij'

:09

!10.

11J60.J.67

915.21 735. 27

Si S2.03 46-J / . 24

1684.32 ::l-ll9.59

f8 2628.80 z~~_.gg ......4oi'.'s':i ....27oci.'77 ·sio2·:09 t35C.14 3982.86 5283.30

2

20

:rfi. ..~:;_::

~ ::itM s~:u --~-~:.:: ;jf:~

~:Jl8

1g:9d~ .....596'.'95 ""5iiiii.'§i '5ooi:~:g

26&l. OO

1655 : 00

f>lO . OO

16

9

11 4 71 . ~ 525 _00 2827.91 ~ 3138 _00 00 918371 20 111 _· 25 813 .00 153.50 1.0 10. 00 ...............

7 2&!.54 63.50 12 s2n.oo 1787.26 9 25 . 0o 40 .00 1G o· .00 ...............

6 3323 . 00 2057. SO 18 722 .00 1316. 61 12 178.00 147.66 17 25 .00 ...............

3 9 .00 ...............

20 249 .00 H9. 50 21 194S·5o 921.50 14 1325 . oo 3.5. 39 11 50.00 150.00 ...... ......

3914 .69 ............... ............... .......... ..

834.00 S!-1. 85 1715.04 2059.39 1742.32 ............... 1742.32

2656. 01 ............... ......... ......

3.282. 75 623-5. 42

8060.77 461. 06 ............... 461. 06 243 .23 38.09 90 .20 128.29 1251.36 ............... ...............

5527.77 .................... .......... 6976.75 332.12 3.5.30 261.33 296 .63 151.53 43 .15 ...............

48.15 3682. ~6 .. .. .. . .. .. ....

3900 . 79 3900.79 4230 . 00 1426.58 380 1.28 5230.86 2012. 99 56. 97 423.57 480 . 5-1 67 . 21 ............... ............... ........... .

251.05 ............... ............... ...... .... ..

19&1. .74 .............................. ........... . ::;u0s.54 ...............

5429 .no 54':!9.00 4826. 75 281. 24 21 2~ .<~31 2-L0-1. 67 53 .37 449 03 100 .00 549.03

m:88 1309.9::!

6~n1 1510~>(. ~~u~ ....:.:~!)19.3:.:57\:::::::::::::: \.~:.654H.77 ~...:.~

6~8G.50

11~91.94

f,JJl\iS<'I' ............ \

~172. 50 ~:n . oo

5~94.20

250. 00 G' (, 1168. 34 11G8.81 '1~7•1.-111 5742 . 75 232. 30 12>i 37 .37 1.9~.96 1::!3 .02 4102 .35 1789.25 1599 .76 lu 3201 .81...... ... ......

4l9 l. 65 419l. l;5 3ll7. 00 1059 .00 7 7784 .13 966. 77 786. 0-l 1752 .81 301 .00 60:.'..00 19 1996.05 3GG .45 ............... 366 .45 25~0 . 00 1032 . 00 6}~1 11073 .73 24-!3 .2,) 12176.24 36919.59 nocr1 .oo\ 12f•t.1o ............

4274 .05 .. ...................... ............ ..... .

- 2oo .oo 1sG .iH1 I6 2;~-sz 59. 88 ...............

59. ss Gl. OO 214 .f>0 51 8 1~.1, ........ ....... ' .............. . phelpS ----::·......... I 21H3~ _(JO 1151.00 3660 .00 13 5077 .01 227 .2!1 ::!797. fi91 302-1 .88 Pierce .. --..

-1' .,., ut!l ..,1JG:-1:'. ••"' 12fi:.'. .20 1 12\ 86-\.

121.0601 33uG .G7 3-187. 71 - ~ 32 9 1 P l [Ltto ........_·. ·. ·. :·.·.·.:.

--S'l5.0Q 200 .00 ...............

1~ •1vl . 0\ 26 .

40.-10 67 .00 p oll';,\;iiio;,, ....... ,i 73~7.J _ r,5 4~:o . oo1 1s1o .1o , 10959.09 ............... 1.. ............. ......... .. . l~~< t1 ,,rcisoH .... .. -11 .1~7 ,, 6 00 zr,% .75 19< :.s:, 11 11355.68 376 .23 733~.o2 71:'08 21 .l{tC. 1 ............ .. • OO\ lil0 .00 1 1508 . ~5~ Sl S865 .85)... ...... ...... , 3539.43 3:·~9 .43 Sulll 10 " ".

II 3[•3'3 · 00 g3 H .ODI 101 1. 'j 9 l 10iil4 .79 1590 .13, 676f> .36 8335.51 1 ;i15 l.S. : · ·-'"16 .01) carPY ......

1 1657.05 H 7119.17 2325 .13• 3855 .25 6180.38 ·~ nd r~ .. .... ..... 1 3:i9:i~ . OO I v · 3- ~1'l- ' san d ......... 1 ,, , , n QQ '1~ . 00 ........ ....... ' () v.lv ............... ......... ...... · ........... . ·e,~" r ...... ...... ~,.:..· · · ~oo ·o 1n\ 1'3711 8 ,.. .w;, oo · 1 · " .

• 1 . .. ....... .. .. . .I. ..... ........ . .......... ..

08 Sb errnnn ............ ' 10t;:->1 . • 987 T 11 2:!Sl .G'' 18 2-'>38.89 691.65 1 5972.69 6GG4 .34 001 18 r:n l ....6' ') 1..., GStn.nton. · ........... .. '' 237-!S r 3· ' 11 ~ .00 1, ...... .. ....... , ""~ ·I10 ................~ - ~- () ' 213 . ck. uu •r J1:1YC 1 .. .... .

5l~o . · J, 9 -~11 Valley ................ .Ji\ 1 ~0 . 00 ~o\1!\~ . 0U \ 2355 .00\ ·I "- . .. ................ ........... . ........... . w ashin g ton ....... 1 li0:'~ . 50\ 100 .00 l '.N .50 81 245 .02 ............... . 1090 .30\ 10'J0.30 B0~ . 50 %.00 l7i 372.65 139.S51 1719.54\ 1859 .3\l W ayne ............... 1 l l t' ,; 1JOI 1I 21·1\15 .72 9_01 .50.

91.( 924 .381 2382 .45 3306 .83 8~10 . 00 / "_,1 5374 . [J6

1• n <:

)!'':·riel< .............

............. 1

II

Wc\)!'ter · ............

Yorl: .._._. .._·: ·:·:.:·:::.: ' - -----

I

8

S T A TISTICS OF PUBLIC SC H OOL S .

TA 'l'IoTI '

TABLE VI. Wages of Teachers and "" :> "'"' ""

COUNTI ES

8d:E!

~cn -2 ,. ,.. .,

~ ""

To t~l

I

BL I

S

9

f{l) • LS .

I ndelJ tedness of D i.• tr w ts.

F e males

I

Total

< ci5

Antelope ... ....... .. ..... .. . . $ 1227 .65$ 1001.73 $ 1806 .20 $ Ada ms ............ .... ....... .

4038.80 3719 07 6593 . 29 B u ffal o .. . ...... .......... .. .. .

2676 .72 3571. 00 4350 .04 B oone .... .. .. ........ ... ..... .

1199 .97 685 00 1776.00 Bu rt .. .. ........ ....... .. ... .. ..

8619. GO 4561 00 5371 80 B utle r .................. ... .. ..

6~79..15 5139.00 4536 .98 Cass ... .. ..... ............ ..... .

9066 .05 10253 .49 8126.30 Ch eyen n e . ...... .... .. .. .. ..

800. 00 500 .00 322 . 23 Ced a r . .. ...... .. ..... ........ .

5221. 50 1695. 00 2014 .-15 Cla y . .. ....... .... ........ ..... .

4486 .. 35 7289.95 4647. 98 Colfa x ........ .. ... ...... .. .. ..

3619. 69 6491.74 3306 .00 Cu m ing .... ....... - .... .... .

62~1. 50 3602. 72 3212.45 Custar ....... ..................

Dawson ............ ..........

27&i:ool Da k ota ......... ............. ..

2479. 03 3945. 41 2378. 60 Dixon .. .. .. ...... .. ....... .. ..

3052.32 250' .00 4622.30 D odge ..... ..... ..... ... .......

6108 .61 6770. 75 12676.87 Dougl£LS . ......... .. .... ...... ..

14356. 13 6780 . 80 39721. 25 Filln1ore .. ......... ......... .

4861.08 5021.66 7376 . 30 Franklin .. ....... .. .... .... ..

1990.73 1651. 00 1702.50 Fro n t ier ................ .. .. ..

187. 80 295.50 75. 00 Fur n as .... .. .. .. ............. .

1379.. 13 1262 .00 1251.36 Gage .... .... .. .. .. ........... ..

5466. 12 10082 .33 7777.00 Gr eele y ..... ..... ............ ..

3-19 .90 176. 75 796 .00 203 .61 61. 88 71 .00 614.3 . 72 4717 .57 3682.96 H a m ilton . .. ........ ....... .

355-1 .45 5332.95 6372.00 H a r lan .. ....... ...... .. .. .. .. .

189-1. ().1 1519 .001 1930 .72 H itchcock . .. ........ .. .... ..

67.21 ..... ... .......

190 .00 H ol t . .. .......... ...... ........ .

251. 05 60. 001.. .. .. .... .. ...

H owa r d .. ........... ........ .

1658 .61 1770. 50 110,1.00 J efferson ...... .. ....... .... ..

5143 .08 4838 .32 8868. 78 J ohnson . .. ......... .... ..... .

2426.27 4984 . 66 6093 .10 K e ith ... .. . .. ... . .... .. ... ... , ..

53 .37' 163 .00 360. 00 K earne y . ......... ...... .... ..

879.11 9l o.oo 1o72.oo K nox .. .... ...... ..... .. .. .... .

968.67 1419.19 1605. 00 L a n caster .......... .... .... .

11214.94 8858 .26 15764. 15 L in coln . ............... .. ... .

1168 .34 1760 .00· 3489.11 Mad ison . ......... ........... .

2759 .74 2612.90 2685 . 66 Me rric k . ......... .......... ..

2704. 39 5800.06 8618 .38, Nemaha . ......... ...... ..... .

7144 . 51 5365 .50 8483 .561 Nuckolls ......... .......... ..

3554. 00 2753 .81 1553 .83 Otoe ........ ................ ....

9378. 40 8264 .21 7615. 60 Pa w n ee .... .. .. ...... .. ..... .

3361.10 5268.30 4274.05 Phel ps ........................

239.20 187. 50 200. 00 Pierce . .......... ..... ........ .

Pl atte ....... .. ........ .. ......

Pol k .. .. ....... .. . ....... .. ..... .

2917.90 4104. 77 4725 . 67 Red Willow . .. ...... ...... .

367.691 326 .43 866.40 Ric h a rdso n . ... ... .........

9977. 41 9275 .45 8871 .76 Saline .. ...... .. .. .. .. ........ .

7712.11 35.00 210 .00 Sa r py . .... ............... .. .. ..

3030. 571 4654 .75 4155. 35 Sa und r rs ......... ... ....... ..

8941.51 8133 .60 10630.00 Se w ard ......... ... ...... .. ... .

6084 .89 j 4947 .60 6384.401 Sherman .. .. .. .. .. ......... ..

Stanton ................ ..... .

Th aye r ...................... ..

2.)08 .681 5045 .53 3629.80 Va lle y . ................ .. .. ... .

548 .42 511. 00 880.00 52ll. .l0: 920 .00 2075 . 00 Washington .. ........ .... . .

Wayne .. ....... .. .. ........ .. . ?A.5 .02/I nso .oo 714 .oo 34.31 .89 1717 .05 1304.001 Webster . .. .. .......... ..... ..

York ...... ...... ........ ...... .

5172. 54 .~2¥.~5Q_ __lll?l~ :~~~ -

1~:~ .....

P

T BLE VIT.

I Wag es o f teachers for th e yea r Males

OF

II

Bonded IAU oth e r 'Total I n I n d eb t- Indebt- be bted n's edness edness o f d istric t Ap .... l 879 Ap ....1879 Ap .. .. l 879

2807.931$ 5700.oo1s 2653 .62 1 ~ 10312.361 66655 .441 8220. 07 7921. 04 9730 .00 1118 .53 2·161. 00 6911 .541 Z.j 74 .88 10032.80 12437.22 3905 .98 11418. 15 5455 .001 6564.98 18379. 79 8075 .331 1014·1 . 45 1300 .00 .............. . ............ .. .

6916 .50 .. .. .... .. .....

3358.18 12776 .30 2().159.05 3035 .151 9797.74 4552. 50 3070. 70 9807. 22 ............ ...

1262. 01

8353 .62 7487.).51 13913. ·12 12119. 89 16343.20 12 19. \18 18219. 78 1580 .98 3358 .13 23-194 .20 7623 .20 1262.01

1Mi:gg 6324.01 4ag:~ ...uii75·:oo ...i22s<i:9s ...i4i:ss-:9s 1618.90 3022 .().1 4006 .U4

~we.~ _::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::

7127 . 30 j g,J47. 62 45502.08 12397.96 3353 .50 370.50 26<1L13 17859.33 972. 75 188 .88 10861. 29 11704 .95 3449. 72 190.00 60 .00 2874.50 9981. 40 11077 .76 523 .00 1982.oo 3024 .19 24622 .41 523 .00 5298 .56 9418 .44 138 19.06 6307 .81 13879.81 8629 .40 387.50

4540.00 5524 .31 11061. 31 6898. 00 3Dl1.05 10809.03 155064. .15 15989 .08 171053 .23 28841 .19 5361. 19 84202 .88 4918 .00 1861. 88 6779.88 ......... ......

214 .91, 214 . 95 1150 .00 940.47 4164. 73 7100. 00 3462 .73 10562 .73 3005. 00 8366.72 6371.72. .. ... .. .. .. .... ...... .........

336.80 34156 .30 4709 .84 83866 .14 7877. 50 4223 .02 12100 .52 1693.35 211 5. 67 3486. 12 ...... .........

55 .70 55 .70 .. .. ..... .. ....

245.601 4<15. 70 11200.00 4796.61 15996 . 61 ......... .. .. ..

34 34.40 ' 18684 .70 5784 .35 2838 .15 10867.11 .....55oii.'9o .... iXci2'.'i's .....6iici2'.'i's 50.00 1093 .81 2216. 22 70131.00 7474.49 77605 .49 2400.00 3234.11 5634 . 11 7604. 85 2344 .30 9945 .15 12490.00 5748 .70 18138 .79 10251.031 9518.30 19835 .33 4817.001 1818.22 5735.22 8735 .801 2~ 09. 11 1114<1 .91 16679.22 7o50. 50 24229.66 B615. 00 1484.20 5099. 20

J~U~ ~~~:g& ~~~:~ 1~JU~ ...i7536'.'oaJ....·7s9i3.'iii ...25-isi'.'iii

lg~~ :~l 29~~ :gg ~ri~6:~&

8830 .44 2529 .72 86•15 .20 792 .80 ...... .. .. ..... .. .. .... .. .... .

18147. 21 10580.211 5677. 20 245. 00 32075.00 , 6897.67 8800 .10 8625 .001 3859 .10 ~ 18763 .60 19387.. 00 6620.90 10432 .001 ' 30-167.001 64.23 .88

~~: ~

1 8f~8:~g,

8675 .331 19473. 36 1341 .001.. ...... .. ..... , 2995. 00 14454.50 1360 ~·11 _. o0 o5 ... 1..3.:,.00 ..._.0..0.

10901J~<> _~86 . ~

9~i~:ri6

3713 .95 4684 .57 2268 .09 121 .00 5228 .93 1402.55

I _ s

- -.-.,- -

Indebtedness

6174 . 92 308.29 17257. 41 88972. 67 12484 .10 26007.90 36890 .88 27 23187.31 10675 .57 16722 . 59 121. 00 18920 .93 9488 .83

t g:6J

CO ' NTI I':

'I

C unty ' u p e rin tend e nt

"" ..,

"' .,

P . 0. Addr -

f[

,gil ~ q

--------~--------------~------------~

lA.

Buu o . r .......... <.;. F c n de rso n ....... .. .. .. , Onv!d C1t y ............... ...

CliSS ... .... .... .. ,D. D. M n r t i n dn le .. .... .. .. .. Lo u1 \'ille .. ............ .....

Ch e. y e unc. . . E~. l\1. Dlly .. ...... .. .. ...... ... , ld n e y ........................

~::.. :::: :::::: 1 J:·ri:· ,o~~,?~;t :::::::::::::::::: de~etw:·::::::::::::::::::::

~g

8~ '"

"'I u::____:__e,_

z

;J6

196~

52 115 68 86 156 84 88 ~ ~ 47 69 71 155 ~ 1 ~~ 2 1 20 24 85 100 33 48 67 54 50 84 67 l OS 259

J

&1

Colfa x . .. ... .... .r. S p 1·c c h c r . .. ...... .. ........ c h u y le r ............... ......

Cnming . ......

H n :;hcs .. . ...... ............ 1\\'est P o iGt ..................

Custar .. .. .. .... ~ E . D. Ewba nk .. .. .. ....... .. . Do ug l as rove ........ _.

Dawson ....... ·w . H . Len gel.. .. ..... ......... Plum C rt;~ .. .. .. .. .... ....

Da k o ta ......... J . Zim rn erma n .. ............ . Da ~ota ity................

Dix o u .......... A . S. P a lm e r ...... ............ l o ma ..................... .....

Dodge .. .. ...... G o o S tan l ey ...... .......... .. Fre m o n t ..... . .. .... .........

255 Do u g ifiS ....... :f. J .' Po ints ...... ...... .. ... .... Orunha.... .................... 49 136 2ll Fillm o r e ...... J . B. L e w is ...... .. .... .. ...... . .e 11e va .............. ...... .... . J~ ~ 80 F'rnnkl i11 .. .... R. F . l\[ ille r ................... ,Maco n ............... ... .......

8 8 6

ll\r.

s0"p. ~

~8, ~~ §

o ·a

!~~~r.:::::: 1:r.- J;,}N,~~:.::::::.:·::.:·:.::::::jJ~~~~ ~~~ ~~:::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ ~ 1~ Bu ffal o. ......... I• J o h n . w e n s n .. ........ ..... Kearne y .. ................... ~ ~~

~~~.:::::::::: , , ~~: ~~- ri~~~g~_1:.::::::::::::::: B~.~::~t~<:::::::::::::::::::::

• ~

. >"' "'""d

s

~:~8 ~:88 ~:~

~:gg 3 oo 3. 00 3 ;· oo

589 . 52 = ·88 ·88 141.00 175 :00

4:00

~:~

~:gg

3 oo 4 :00 3. 50 3 80 ". 00 &5:oo 4 4 .oo s .OO s. oo

918 .00 60.00 400.00 187.60 294. 00 847 .90 1135. 00 847 .90 240. 00 25.75

ll 12Y, s.oo 4 8 3 .50 81 79 116 3 &4.00 61; 67 165 4.00 S- "R 0 g ~ S 50 3 ·oo 4

36.00 23 .00 423 .00 660. 00 208 .25 12.00

~~~~::.:·. :::: ~:~: l'i\~~!..::::::~::::::::::: Jg,~~ra·::::::::::::::::::::: ~ ·u9 -258i ........s.:oo ...775:75

Ga ge ...... .. .... M . W e a v e rli n g .. .. .. ....... ..

Gree l e y.. . ...... M ansel D av is .. _ ... ........

Gas per ... .. __ J . E. <..; h n.m b e rs ...............

Ha ll.. .. ......... J n m es E wi n g ............... ...

Ham il t o n . _ E. B. B a rto n . ............ .. ....

H a r l a n ..... _ . J. H . L o br ........ ..............

Hi t c h cock . ... C. A. G esscl m n n ....... ......

H o lt.... . .. ...... B . s. G ill es pie .... ...... .. .. ..

Ho ward ....... ,H. C . P n r k e r ...... ., .. .. ......

J e ffe rso n.. ..... ' V. H . C hu mbe rl am . .. .. ..

Bea~r1 ce .. ............ ........

Scol:!a .. ,........ .. ...... .... ..

DaYI(L~vUle ..... ...... .. . .. ..

Wo o d R l \'e r .... .. ... .. .....

Auro rn .............. .... ......

RcW1blicn n ......... .......

Cu be rtson .......... ........ p ,, d doc k ..... -.. ...... ......

Da~m cb rog ....... .. ........ .

F m rb u ry ........ .. .. .........

~e~n;'~~:::= ¥:~: B.i~e0r;~:.:::::::::::::::: 6~:;]~~\~~~.::::::::::::::::::: Ke arn e y ......

Kno x.... .. ......

Lan caste r... ..

Lin coln .......

Mad is o n .......

Me r ri c k ........

Nemah a.. .....

Nuc k o l ls.. ....

Otoe ...... .......

Pa wn ee . ..... .

Ph elps ..........

P ie rc e .... - ...

Pl a tte ..... _ _ Pol k . ...... ......

Red Willow ..

Richards on Saline .. ..... _ Sa r p y .... .... _ Sau n d ers ......

Sew a rd.. .......

S'berm n n .. ....

Stan to n . ......

Th aye r .. .......

Valle y

WllShh~ gta~·:

Wayn e .. ........

We b s t e r .......

Yor k......... ....

J . H . Sea rs ...................... ~·:nvell .................. ......

T. J. B u c k m uste r ............ N_tOb ra ra ............... ......

S . G . L n mb .. .. .. ... ........ .. .. L1 n coln . .. .... .. .... .........

C h ns . M c D o n a ld .. .. .. ...... ,N orth P latte. ...... .. .. .....

Ge 01·ge S. H urt'o rd ......... . B a ttle Cre.e k .... ........... .

J o h ri P a t t e r s o n .. .... ......... Ce n tral Cl~y . .. .. ... .. .. .. ..

P h il ip C ro ~ he r ...... ......... ~em n.h n City.. .... .........

II . H. w,u,nms ...............IN elso n .. ........ .. .............

A . B o w e n ....... .. .. .. ......... Ncb rask n _C, ty... .. .. ..... .

'Vm . B n l n n ce .. .. ........ ...... 'II:a w n ee C1ty .. .. .... .. .....

N. C. Ch ri s t i. >tn s on . ......... h .e<;n o,.... .. .............. ....

Amos E. Seel y ........ .. .. .... IP1 a m \"ICW .. .. ............... s. L . B a rre t t .... .. . ...... ...... !Colu m bus ........ ...........

S i m o n B a rrows . ...... .. .... !Osceoln...... .. .. ........ ...... s. F . l\Ic Do nald .......... ... L e ban o n.. .. .. .. ....... ......

S . S . J o u es .. ............... .... .. ,R u lo .. ......................... 'rh os . L. D. i:lcon ............... Fr•.e u d ., ................... .. . , l\I. L a n g d on ................... F o rest C1ty ........ .... ......

J . A . S mith .. ............. ...... Wahoo.......... ..............

J . D. M esse n ger . ............ ,Se w a rd.. ... .... ...... .. .. .... .

H . A. Glud di u g .. .. .. . ........ ~up C1ty .......... .. .......

S . B . M uc hmore . .... .. .... .. Stanto n ........ ...... ........ . .Ta m es D . insmore .. .. .. .. .... ,H ebr o!l.... .... .. ..............

Combs A r cadm.... .. ..... ... .. ....... ·N .Jo n es. :::::: :::::: ::::::::: !Bl air .......... .......... ........ ri. c'. P n ttc rs o u ... ...... .. .... IL u p o rte...... .. .......... .. ....

A . A . P o pe .. .. ..... ...... ...... ,R ed _Gioud.. .............. ...

J . E. Co chran . .. .. .. .. .... .. . Y o rk .. .......... .. . .. .. .. .... ..

lliI\r

13

4f211 i 86

~~

.

I. .. . .

"'36 ...so .........2.'::!.5 .. 180 .00 • 269 ~ 140

s.oo

807 .00 S. 50j 490 .00

1"·292s ...83 ... ......43...'00ool"', 327Q 32'..'oOOo

2

?J

90 5.001 1115.09 ... .......... ..

71 31 , ... &! · ......

4..'0011 216. 00 48 3 3.00 504.00 48 SG 1 16g S.OO 288. 00 75 33 96 4 .00 800. 00 84 45 73 1 .......... .........

85 • 8 '"58 1 - ~ 8 .50 448 .00 ~0 3 .00 63 .00 9 21 3.00 180 .00 10 1 28 60 1 3.00 568 .50 , 91 160 6 3.00 612.00 5(j 65 204 r. ; 20 3.00 GQ. OO 6 1 s .oo 67a .OO 9 ~ 1 52 225 4. 00 96<1. 00 10~ 1()'; 241 49 3 .50 521. 50 361 140 1281 8 .00 843.00 100 S. OO'j 813.00 83 S2 271 5 .00 150.00 4 80 ~~ . ........ ............ ·----'"7i 175 3 .50 616 .00 5 19 s 00 137.00 19 19 .

4.00 896 00 1 ~ 22~ 3 · 00 m :oo ~ 78 243 s'oo '129.00 ::1. 711 186 a:oo 553.00 1[», 110 223

·m"'

l

56

1f

;:

......

TABLE VIII.-GRADED SCHO OLS. 'u :» Q ...-~ "' bO , CJo;t.~

'0 a ..cl ~·~ :g.~.5 o~ ~u .,;;L~ "'t:i ~:;:j '"'o , ::J 0s .8~ 0 H Q) 0 0 C

o.O

~shland'n Sn~ndc~ {?~"~ 9· yr~ 1 1 Colo·

Z

C'ounl)· ... .... .. ....... .. .... .. ...... ,. " ........... . . .... ......... ....

1 1wnvt ~· • cmn !L Bf HI a :c:; ~s 1 n~. on " ........ .. ....... ............. 1 ~ru~gs, ,age " .. . .. ..... ...... ......... ..... , Cen1~~~ clty MetTick " .... ...... ..... .......... ..... c 1 t T l' ..... .... .. ................ ...

Car ~ ~n l ' Hlycr " ......... ......... .. ..........

D~~~el; cs~~:1 1aline :: .. ...... ....... ...... ... .. ....

D 'tt s J.i ..............................

Dewtd ne " ..... .... ....... ..............

F~ 1 c· 1 YR' b ...................... ...... .. ~ . ~ lty,J I·~ ardso u " .. ... ............ .. ... ...... ..

Faf· ury, e _1erson " .. ........ ........ ............ ~ rmout, Fillmore " ..... ....... ........ ... .. .....

Dod~e " .. ... .. ...... .. ...... .. ...... . ' 'bbn 10 11 11 ,\1 usb ington " .. .. ... ....................... r~]_lj R n fii1.lo " ..... .. ............... ........

Hmn Jland, Hull " ...... .. ....... ............... · nrvnr ..... .. .. ... .... .. .. ....... ...

Humboldt, Richardson " .. .. ............. .. ... ... .. ...

HtlSLhl!,'S, Acinms " ..... ... .. .. .. . .. ...... ... .. ..

Jn nlatu, Adams .. ............ ....... ......... ..

K.earney,.Butfnlo " ...... .. .. ....... .... .. .. .....

Lmcol n, Lancu ster " ........ .... ............. .....

Nebrn ~k.' City, otoe " .. ................. ...........

North Pintle, Lincoln " .......... .. ......... ......... " ... .. .. .. .... .................

Ownba, Douglas Pln.tts m ou th, Cass " .. .. .. ........................

P 11wn ee City, Pawnee .. .. ........... .. .. .. .... .. .....

J>onca, Dixon " .. .... ....... .................

Rulo, Ricluudson " .. .. .. ... .. ..... ... ....... .. ..

Schuyler. Colfax " .. ... ....... .. ...... .... .. ....

Sntton . Cluy " .. ..... .......................

Sewn.rrl, Sewar d " .. .. ... .......... ........ .....

Syracuse. Otoe " .. ........ ...... .... ..........

Snlem, Hichn rdson " ............ ...... .... ...... ..

Sid11ey, Ch e r onne " ...... ............. .. .. .... ..

1'ecumsch. J o hnson " .. .... .... ...... ......... .....

Wilber, Su.Jine " ...... ....... .. .... ........ .. .

West Point, Cuming " ..... .... .... ..... .... ........

Wah oo . Saund ers " ............ .... .... ... . ......

Wcepilt![_~Vater,_ s;ns.s_ _._· _. :.................... .. .. ....

" .............................

c·f

Fte(;nypt,

g1 .

t:

-~

oM ,o~

~rn

'

'O Q)

s ""::1

«'10, t.. :;3

~:::1

"'lj d

£~

OR

~.,o o Z 1 ... ...

1 1 1 6 6 1 ...... ...

2 2 1 .. .. .... '1" .......

5 1 .. .. ..... .........

2 2 1 ~ 3 1 .. .......

3 2 1 1 2 2 S 3 3 S 1 2 1 2 1 .........

3 2 1 2 1 8 1 1 5 5 1 ...... ... s s 1 .. .......

3 s a 1 11 4 1 .........

2 2 2 2 ......... ~ 2 .. ....... .........

3 5 .... .....

7 a 1 ~ 2 s 2 1 6 4 1 1 2 ~ s 3 2 3 G 1 17 4 5 3 12 4 2 ..... ....

7 •t 9 1 47 4 4 1 7 ·l 1 4 3 s 1 ......... s 3 1 2 3 3 1 ..... ....

4 4 1 1 .........

3 4 .........

4 4 1 .... .....

2 2 1 ........ .

1 S 1 1........ .

3 s 2 L •1 4 1 .. .......

2 2 1 4 4 1 1 3 3

~. .........

1

.........

5

..!!l .... ·a g

~8, !3

,., -..

·~c..

..S ~

p..

::>

85

139 ri7 168 45 1;11 ~o 62 173 47 63 G7 158 7·1 64 433 59 53 145 63 78 1 6~ GG 110 .........

282

,c; 1:1 0

cd.t:~

tfi"

H 67 ;; 10a 27 .. ....... .. .. .....

65 51 ..... .... .... .... .

87 ~2 ......... o8 ... ......

65 113 41 .........

SO ......... ·1$ 71 8-1 63 5a 41i ...... .. .

50 39 so 49 .........

31 ........ . .... .... .

89 52 GO SO 58 .. .......

1J5 125 4·1 .........

71 55 .. ....... ....... .. s:JO 1 141

......... ......... .........

1!17·1 815 62 72 58 92 1!18

G~

48 51 130 100 69 93 •10

2

&15 •1H 232 60 5G .........

65 46 60 61 4·1 35 1 47 56 75 78 ....... .. • 42 I 43 25 30 35 77 48 .. .......

65 as 42 : 116 42 12

I

a;;

1.........

1

2ld ~ 111

~oo

I

1.........

0

liJ

o;(.)

o.2"

o

'"~ s 0)

.,.,"

,......

'"'""

:::i

~

M

.Q

<Jl · -

Q)~C)

.c"" t:J)::J

~ ...,~

:.:::JP. 1-4

G~

G!

0)

Cl)

r5s

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1

a~ 52 98 44 52 ........ . .........

t

... ... ...

......... .. ....... .. .. .. ...

2 58 1 S7 1 .. ...... .

1 33 '' .........

1 H 1 .. ...... .

1 57 2 •15 1 47 1 ........ . ......... .. .......

1 .........

2 66 1 .........

1 70 S 43 s 49 1 .........

1 .........

1 41 1 .........

1 56 2 ..... .. ..

1 .........

1 ......... .

1 61 1 .... .....

1 60 2 ........ .

1 ... .... ..

1

,_.

1+-t

~.:::

....

d

~

,_.

Co-t C),..

:»a>'B

s

• ' _, .:·a"' ~

d...., al

t..

d~

Q.).-.

~ c-::_g

O'l

o

d

e3~~

en

"'

~80. 00

I

!!l '!3

§'0

l c::O

'".d 'C)

<..J

ptn

~to-~~

w

Z

,~;;0 . 00

3 $...... :.......... .. . to ·IO.OO 6 '112.00 .... ........ ....... so. ou to 50 .00 1 jso .oo .... ......... .. ....

-1o.oo 5 95.00 .... .. ......... .... ·10 .00 1 ... .. .. ..

40.00 ~.-•. oo 6 !75,~50 ................ .. .. ! 35 .00 to:19.og 1 .. .......

40 .00 .

3u .O 1 58 .00 ............. .. .... .

14.00 ·1 50 .00 . .. .. ........ ... ...

85.00 1 60 .00 ........ ..... ......

20 .00 2 .. .... ... .. .................

40.00 1 57.00 .... ...............

32 .00 & 1~3.00 .. ........... .. .... 30 .00 to•JO .OO 2 75.00 ........... ..... ... ·JO.oo ~ 75.00 ...... .. ........ .. .

40 .00 10 100 .00 .. .. .. . .. ........ .. 54 .00to •JO.OO 1 45.00 . .. ... ...... . ... ...

35 .00 1 .. .. ... ..

70.00 3•1.00 5 80 .00 .. ...... ....... ... ..

50.00 C1 6C .')() bO .OO 40 .00 .~ SO .OO 2 75 00 .............. .. .. ..

35.00 6 71.00 ... .. .. ..... .. ..... 85.00 to ·15 .00 2 56.00, .... .. ........ ......

40.00 1 70 .00 .. ......... ..... ...

3.5 . ~ 1 17 90.00 40.00 ·tO 00 to 50. 001 J.l 100.001 40 .00 35.00 to z:;.

G 100 .00 .. ... ........ ...... •10.00 10 0,o 0 . oo 00 1 •16 200 .00 100to l 80 .00 •1 0.00tol . · 5 90 .00 75.00 to SJ .OO 40 .oo to i; · ~g 2 .. .... ...

40.00 ·· 1 2 .. .......

•15.00 3 45 .00 1 ... ........... ...... :!o . OO to ~ . I 3 75.00 ............ ... .....

4n .oo , 3 75 .001 .. .. .. .. ..... .......

35.00, a 85.00 50.00 ·10 .00 1 67.00 .. .... ... ......... .. s..;.ool 2 60 .00J .... .. .... ... ..... .. 25 .00to ?l•.OO; 2 80 .00 ! ................ .. .. og.oo, 4 10J .OO ............ ... ... .

SJ.OO 1 65 .00 .... .......... .... ..

40 .00 ~ Go.oo; 45 .00 10.00 1 3 60 .00 .. ......... .........

45 .00 1 1 40 .00, .............. ...... _ 25 .00,

9

u

10 9 8 1?

U 9),-J 10 10 8 10

9 ~ 9

9 9 9 ~

~ ~

5 9 10 0 1

~

30.00to ·I Q.~~

!

rn ,.., "",.., rn ,.., H

H

0 Ul

0

":j

>t: d t;;i

1:" H

G

Ul 0

I:: 0 0

1:"

Ul

9 ~ 9 9

9 9 !0

~

10 9 10 U

"AJl'gregnte of two d i; tricts. t HJ.gh-seh ool pupils in Doane College.

TABLE IX. Summa1·y of Statistics. 'l'en Yea1·s of the System.

1-j

I

1870

I

Number of organized coun ties .........

Sl Number of sch ool districi.s ....... ...... ..

797 Number of schoolhouses ..... .... .... ...

298 Cb il dren of school age .... ... ....... ...... .

112789 Avemge number in cucb district .. ....

4l No. of children attcncUng schuol.. ... .

127Dl Per cent of attendance ......... .... .. .. ....

39 N u mber of male teachers .. ..... .. .. .... 1 267 N umber of female t~ncbers ....... .... ..

269 No. of days taught by male teachers 18931 No. clays tnnght bh female teachers. 1 1SJ30 Av. No. <lays tang t b y each teacher 70 Nu ro ber oJ gmdcd schools.......... .. ... .. ........ .....

I

I

1871

S5 1028 b58 41071

40 28265 56 660 620 41411

86024 72

1872

I

48 l<UO 787

51123 Sfl 28786

56 773 739 55996 65901 74

Total wuges p aid male tcncbers... .... ~ 26650 18 $ 81264 78 ~107818 69 $ " ·• " female teu.chers. ...

31088 30 6o992 74 93677 75 28 16 39 24 88 50 Average wages per montb, mulcH .... " " " " fe~aul es .

3S 72 86 &l 38 40 Value of all school property ..... .. .... . 178604 34 420936 06 817163 59 ;rotal r ecei pts_ ... ...... ..... ..... .. ............. 16?~?7 051 3~!~ 73 5376SQ 39 rota! ~x8end.tture~ .......... .. ........ ... .... 1Ga9~ ~~ 3~?o2? 86 5£409n 97 Tot nl m eb tedness.......... ............... ..

316;7 09 13<169 63 11 6075 85 Am't appo1tioneu from State fund .. . \ 57982 60 13884U 4.0 1~7·1Db U

1873

I ·ui ~3

11&11 6310!11

3:l

87872 60 10.16 ll76

75900 82790 72 21 149511 18 $ 1403<U 77 89 86 88 00 1167103 87 001189 04 915076 89 649307 77 16749:! 11

1874

I 60

I

2215 1510 72U0l

113 477181 60 1202 14!!3 OQ.1a<J 1116472 72 32 171776 so $ 171029 10 37 us 32 12 15539'16 15 988740 20 1004957 08 9189;i5 01 17fi.IG1 98

187~

I 60

1876

I

1877

I

60 2ii13

2018

2UJ;j

?AUG

8012'l 88

06101

02161

?1105

651~3

69 lll04

2'212

11139~

70 l41i81 189:1 1 109&77

12172:1

l!l,j97l

38

U.J 66

1687

us

222994 49 $ 219420 210748 51 230140 :J8 60 37 83 10 32 18482:!9 00 1USG73G 928188 00 10011276 10Mb17 09 109897<1 1051817 09 '] 048058 29247l 19 2411G7

()() 00 14.

S1 60 39 75 66

f>B

62 2600 1

01

!Jc 60UUGI

2'.131 1

1~1030

87

88

6278.)

60 1609 2121 1003-17 14I>MG

60774 61

1571 2111.'1 121403 160011

ll8

85

01

s

I

1878

220'J62 2360&'1 M lJI 1862385 1026583 1027UJ2 1039516 183026

42 28 46 80 88 :J<l 2 1.

68 80

47

s

>

1879

8

H

(/)

68 2776

?AO!l 1.284 U 44 76950 68 1607 2'221 125882 178902 87

60

18 8 208642 23 97 258058 78 G5 88 :!6 75 2U 55 00 1810288 27 849300 45 106\10()7 U:J69~1 US 100756U 18 1080211(> 02 1010007 GO 109281 88 20:i62'l 50

208957 2865-12 O.{ 2.'J 18034(l(j

8

H

(".) (/)

0

~

..., Cl t;;i

....t:" (".)

Ul (".)

Ill

0 0

t<

w

1-1 1-1

12

S'l"ATIS TIOS OF PUBLIC S CHOOLS.

STATlS'. riCS OF l:'UllLIC SCHOOLS .

13

TADL"K V.-STATISTICS OF SCHOOL PROPll:RTY. nlne of sch onl-houses ................... ............................................. ..............................!11,622,855.18 \":li ne of sch ool ites ........................................................................... .... ................... 175,.188.60 Vulu e of books nnd npparotus ...... ..............................................................................

54,S26 A9 Total value of nll school p roperty ............................................................... ............... 1,810,088.27 Average n umber of mills l evied for school purposes ................ ......................... .........

13 Amount apportioned by county superintendents ............ ..........................................$ 224,605. 65 l\lon cys in h ands of county treasurers April 7th, 1S79 ........................ ............... ......... 160,201.24

GENERAL SUMMARY. T ABLE I.-RECE IPTS. In ban'l~ of district treasurer, April, 1878 ...................................................................; 193,932.78

Received from county trell8nrer from April, 1878, to April, 1879.................................

From sale of district bonds.........................................................................................

688,010.52 88,707. 3ll

:~: ;::;~~:e~~~~;;:.~~~~~:.:.~:.~:::~:~::::·::.:::::::·.:::::::::·.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 17~:~~:i; Total receipts including amount on hand ...•...•.......................................................... 1,102,417. 42

'J

n LE VI.-W A.GES AND L DEBTED1 ESS.

A mount n pportionerl by stllte snpcriutcndent ............... ............................................. S 20S,622.50 To !AI wn::;e.• o f male teachers ..................................................................SL16,406.44 ·· fem ale teachers ............................................................... 265,674.3&-- 482,580. 82 Ag;;rc~;nte of in d eb edncss .......................................................................................... 1,027,751.00

TABLE II.-EXP E NDITU H.ES.

;~t==~~c;~!~~·:: : : :-: : : : :· :· : : ~: : : : :·:·: : : : : : : : : ·: ~:: : : ~: : :·: : : : : ~.~:~~-:-~ :;:~~::

Paid for building, repairs, and debtB on same............................................................

!:.~:~~: ~t::~ ~p;'~s~~;i:::."."."::::::::::::.".".":::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

~~~·~;~. ~

::::::::::::::: Total expenditures, inclu ding amount on h and April, 1879 ....................................... 1,1.oo:~76 : 37

'l'Aur.K \ ! H . -COMPENSA TION OF COITN'rY

PE.H.INTENDENTS.

hole Humber of districts............................. ..................................................................

Aggregate n umber of visits made ........................... :......................................................

3,183 Aggregate number of days employed . ...........................................................................

7,158 Tot.>L.I compensation of fifty-six superintendents ............................................................ ~24,782. 13 A ve rnt;e eompelUUl.tion of same ....•..................................................... ·························442.M

TABLE VIII.-GRADED SCHOOLS.

TABLE IlL-STATISTICS. /

Number of districts ........-······················-·········································································· 2,s.56 Number of school-h ouses............................................................................................. ? 489 Children between the ages of five and twenty-one ......................................................:·.·.::: 1 Average number of children in each district ............................................................. ' 80 Average number of days tnught by each teacher......................... . ........................ .........

87 Average number of days of school in each district ..................................................... : ····· 107 Number of districts in which schools are graded ......................................................... :::::· 62 Number of teachers employed in all graded schools.................................. .... .. · 284 Number of districts having six months or more school .............................: ....: .................

1 Number of districts that had no school . ·······-···················································::::::::::::::: ·: Average square feet of blackboard surface ........... -..........................................................

Sfi Number of houses with no blackboard . ..................................................................... · 269 Number of houses furnished with patent desks and seats ·····-··································· :::::: 1,574 Number of new school·houses built during year ..............•-...............................

191

23'm

~::;.~ra:~~:~::::~~t:s~i~~~;;;:·.·:.·.".".".".".·.".·.·.·.::·.:::·:.:::::·.:::~.·.: :·.:·:.: ·.·: .".".:::::·::.::::::::::::::::::::: 2,~!

Number of districts furnishing free text-books ..- ......•.......- ............................................: 137 TABLE I V .-STATISTICS OF PUPILS AND TEACHERS.

Children between ages of five and twenty-one, m ales ......... .......................................6-1,179 "

''

''

''

femnles ................................. ............ 59,232

Chi!~~: ~~~~ll~d·;;;_..th~-~~h~~j;;·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:.-.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:.::::::1;::~ Numm;; of q ua~~ed teachers employed , m ales .................................................................. 1,607 females ......... ........ ........ .. .. . ...... ......... ...... ...... ... ... 2,221 Aggregate number of days taught by males ....................................................... ......125,332 " " " females ..........................................................173,669 Total . ··············································································································· ··-·· ······299,301 Average Wages per ruonth, m ales ................................................................................... - ..$ 33 25 "

"

"

females .. ... . ...... .. . . ..... . . . .. ....... ......... ...... ...... . . ........ ..... ... . ..... ....... .. 29 55

Number of dlstrlcta having sch ools graded . .....................................................................-.

Number of districts reporting . ... ................................................... ........ ...... ........................ \\"hole numb er of buildings in ........... .................................................... ········· ·················--· ,· umber of r ooms used for recitation only ............................................. .............................. \\'ho le 11umber o f rooms i.11 use ................... ..................................................................-..

Whole numb r of pupi..IB enrolled , prima ry . .................................... ........................... 6,292 " interm ediate ........... .............................................. 2,W6 grammar ..................... .......................................... 2,186

6!!

48 82

S6 23':!

'L'~~nl en ro!J ~ent ......... .':.......... ~~~-~~~~-~:::::::::.":.":."::::::.".".".·.·::::::.·:."."."."::.:·.·:::.·::.":."."..."."."~·.-.·:..~:~~12,568

Nnm~?r of teachers employed, :~~~··:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1~

T otnl ......... .............................................................................. ....................................... %49 AYe m ge ~Rlnry of male teachers p er month ...... ............ ........................ ..............................874.60 " " female " " ...... ...... ............ ...... ............... ... .............. · ... ··· ...$39.18 A ve.rage n uru\Jtn· of mouths of school.······ ·········································· ······························~· 93

'·