Nebraska. Her Resources and Advantages, Advancement and Promises.

~~NEBRASKA . ~~

~HER RESOURCES,~- - A N n --

~[{vantages, ~avannement ana f!rtnmises.

PREPAIU,; () AND COJIP JL ED BY

ROET_

-w_

FURNAS,

State Commi ssionel' fol' t l, c \ Vorld's Imlustrial nud Cotton Ccnteuuial Exposition, Ne w Orleau , La., Dcccmi.Jcr. 1884-}!ay, 1885.

J\1: \r ORLEAN:;: E. A. BTiaXD L\0 '"CO. l'RI~T. o·l MAGAZDIE S'l 'HEET 1 ~!.<5 .

~NEBR ASKA. ~, • •

-~H ER RESOURCES,~--A.~D--

PREPARED AND CO~ILED BY

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ROBT- \N"_ ::FURNAS, Stil.te Commissioner for tl1e World's Inunst rial and Cotton Centennial Exposition, New Orleans, L fL., December. 1884-May, 1885 .

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NEW ORLEANS : E. A. BRAND.AO

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CO. PRINT, 34 MAGAZINE STRE:i:'. r

1885.

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NEBRASKA. 11\. GL ANCE at t h e m a p will show n.t once the g rand position which _&Nebmslq l1olds :tt t h e cen t re of the continen t, mirl\',¡a.y between t l1 e two g reat oce n.ns of the world. The g re:tt. extent of l a nds in t h e State, an area sufficient fm¡ a u 'e mpire of i tself, double t he size of Ohi o, a ud la rger t han all the New Engla nd States combine d , offers great a nd varied advantages to those w ho look ;westward t o-day for homes wher e they can fin d p eace a nd pr ofit, plenty and comf ort, and those opportuni ties for social relations, schools, churches, and n.ll t hose prized privHeges which t h ey enjoyed in t h e homes l eft b ehind, in the east. R i de o ver the w estern prairies to-day, s t.opping at the occasional s od cabin of the homesteader, and there will b e found sn r e signs of a cl a ss of settlers who will make this a rich agricultura l countr y , and are r aising a ri ch crop of youn g m en a11 rl women of wh om any section of t h e country mig ht b e proud. Th ese will soon direct t h e d estinies of the great west.

A great proportion of those coming west t o-day a re not pioneer s. They h ave seen that life farther east, but wan t to find h omes for t h eir grow nup boy s wh ere t h ey can commen ce farming at once wi t h out t h e l a bor of clearing a way a forest. Her e is one g reat advantage in m aking a start on the prairies. Immigration has always moved on t h e same par a llels, and h er e it is seeking the great Golden Bel t of the cont inent, so-calle d from i ts great capacity for g rain producing. 1 It m ay certainl y b e classed a s a pra irie country, but uot fiat like t hat of illinois. Thi s is gentl y u ndulating, ana one n oticea.ble feature is t h e valleys in connectio11 with the npla nds, giving t h e settler a choice of an y loca tion h e m ay d esire. L a nds can be had entirely suited for the plow, or those \Ther e farming and pasturage can b e combined.

High table l ands for grain, w ith adjoining valleys wher e h eavy crops of .t he finest h ay can b e cut, a nd wher e cattle and sh eep can find b oth pastur age and protection in win ter.

The growth in population, wealth, agricultural advancement, and a ll otb e'r essential s, are su ch as t o warrant t he assertion that Nebraska is the gr eat Western State of t he v er y near future. A State only since 1867, a territor y from 1854 to th at date, h er popul ation now is over on e million- happy, prosp er ons people. H er aFJsessed valna.tiou is over one hundred million. This is b ut about one-third the actual valuation.

-) 4 (This wonderful de\el opmc~: t h a s b ee n achi eYefl by r ea . on of ri ·h oil, good climate and favorable location, which h a v e brou g h t hi t!J r th best of settlers from the ea ·t n, nd from th e Old World. N e h r<csk n. U • between parallels 40° and 43° north l atitude, and 18° and 27° w st longitude from Greenwich. T h e !3tate is t hus within t!J e te nt per a belt; and thus il.s location is in th e centre of the Union . Th e s oil i alluvium or l acustrin e, black :md rich ~ith organic matte r , almo t equally rich in the s ubsoil. :N nmerous rivers in ter sect t h e Rta t e; ancl the great proportion of the l a nd i ~ ea sil y t ille d. v\There N e braska i untilled, there belts of finest trees fringe t h e rh•ers ; a nd the buffa lo gmss by a marvelous provision of nature is pasture. all th e y ear rottnd.

Th erefore, in Nebraska the herdsman goes b efor e t he farm er; and th now far west of the State is a pa s~ure l and for enormo us h e nls of cattle.

Nebraska l1as grown as a State under t he poli cy of the h om e tearl lit\'\', It is for the farmer with moderate m eau s w h o will farm w ell from ..,0 to 160 and 320 acres of lan d. Under these circ um st a nces, t !J e fa r lll er who himself far~ls his own lan u is a lways push ing the h e rdst11:w furt h er west . Up to th e hundredth m eridian, t h e farmer h a s master e d t h e land. Where he settles ,the buft'alo grass di sappear s; ai1d its place i more t han fi lled by the blue joint an d num erous oth er gras::;es , good fo r pasture and good for bay.

Taxes are low; public debts small. The total State d ebt is l e ss t han a half million of dollar s. 'fhe State le vy is a fra.ction over seven mHls on the dollar.

THE SOIL. In all part of the State, the soil commends itself to the intelli g en t farmer.

The Bwl'al New YO?·lcC'I·, a di sint er ested witness, speakin g of the soil. says : "The finest gard en mold in th e State of New York is not H whit better than the average Nebrask a soil , which is light, free ft·om stones, easily worked and eminently produ ct ive."

To this, the .A?nC'I·ican .Agl'iclblt1wist adds: "The whole of Nebraska is a country of unsurpassed fertility . '[he so il i s ti·om three to teu feet deep, the t;;nrface gently rolling, and the whole region intended h.r nature for the great productio n of cer eal s, whi ch can h e rais1 'd with less labor t han in the old ~e ttled States, all th e wol'l;: h eing clone by l aborsaving machinery. Th e farmer rides on his plow, corn pla.n ter, Ctj.ltivator , mower and rea.per, t bresl1es his graiu b y st eam, a nd can sh ell hi s corn and grind feed for his stock~hy wind power."

On the high prairies the hwd is a rich black mold, ten to thirty inch es deep, underlaid with a yellowish form a tion known as the "loess," and

- ) 5 (from ten to on e hundred feet 1· d . . . n epth. Wher ever tllis has been brought to th e surface 111 c11o·o·Ju o- well . ' "'"' "' s or cell ar s after a short exposm·e 1t pro' . (l tces a IJlan t 0 TOwth equal t t • "' ' o t h e surface soil. This underhes tile whole of t h e State a s fa r west 'a~~ 300 m il es. I n. t b e va11 evs t l1e so1'l 1s . rich and black, .found. often more than t en feet in deptl:, and tmderneath t h e same formabon whi ch cannot be exh austed b y ages of cultiCrops of · . vat 10n. . com .h 'ave b een. grown for tw ent~- years iu succession, with ont any .f~,Jlure, ln. q n:tntity or quality , without the u se of any artificial fertilizers.

Th e large amo~nt of silicia. in th e soil gives the a dvantage of natur al drainage-ahsorbmg wa,ter like a SIJonrre holdin 0o- it until a time of • 0' drouth, and th en semlmg it to t he surface. On l ands well cultivated th ere i s rH.r el y l oss of crops if sea sons ar e eith er wet or dry.

These lnnd s need no :wtificia.l fertiliz ers, for ages of cultivation cannot exlmust them. Their v er sa t ility of production i s wonderful. Wheat, r,re, barley, corn, broom cor n, buck wheat, sorghmu, millet, hungarian, peas, b eans ; all t h e vegetabl es of field and garden, and all the fr uits anu grasses known to the temperate zone flourish to per fection in this soil .

UNPARALLELED INCREASE IN POPULATION. F irst settlements were mafl e in 1855, the year follo\ving the passage of t h e "Kausas-N ehraska Act," and extinguishm ent of the Indian title to lands. The iu cr en,se of populrbtion suJCe th at t ime h as been rapid.

Pop ula,tion : 1855.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,494 1860 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,481 1870 ... . .... . ........ ... . ................. . ................ 122,993 1876 . . .... . .. . .. . ... .. ..... .. ........ ....... .. . . . ... . . . ... ,.257,701 1877 . . . . . . - ...... . . .. . ..... .... .. ... . . . .. . ......... ...... . . 271,561 1878 . .... .. ... . . .. ... . .. . ..... . . .. . . . . . - . ... ....... .. . .. . . . 314,748 1879 .... .. . . . . . .. .. .. . . . ....... . .. .. . ...... . ....... . . . .. ... 386,418 1880 .. . . . .... .. . ......... . ........... . .. . ; . . .. . . . .. . ..... . . 452,542 1R83 ... .... . _....... . ... . . . ... . .. . ... . . ..... . ... . . ... . .. .. . 887,330 1884 ...... . . ... . . ... . . ..... . .. . .. . ... . ..... . .. ·.· ... . . ...... 998,440 At this date over one m illion.

The ·rn,tio of increase as compared with oth er States is: Nebraska .. . . .. _. . . . .. .. . . . ....... . .................... 310 per cent Kansas .. .. . ... · ······ ····· · ·· · ··· · ·· ·· · · · · · ·· · · ······ .176 lliinnesota .. . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · .154 Iowa ... . ... ...... . . . ... . ....... . .... .. .. . .... . ... . . . .. 115 Wisconsin ... . ..... . ·· ·· · · ··· · ··. ·. ··· · ··· · · ·· · · ······ .125

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-) 6 (CL IJ\I TE. The climate of the Sta t e i a ll t lr_e ag1:iculturi s t c ould d e m a nd. The early opening of 8pring , when sruall g ra in a nd g 1·ass seeu s c:tn be . own when only two inch es of fro. t ·is ou t ; t h e 1:tte an t uruo, whe n crops ripen slow l y, ccuri.n'Y t h e. m-e gen ~rat.ion of t h e s e e d. ·; t h e u s n a lmild winters a t e s nch t h a t corn c;tn b e harves ted at a sea ~ ou whe n iu the Eas t t h e r e is l jttl e w ork on th e fa1:rn- a r·e all of ad v:tntage to f a rm e rs. '.rhe wmd from t h e wes t whicll pa s ov e r t h e s now y t op s of t h e mount ains bring t heir cool breeze oY e r th e g r e at plain s ;tt lranrest ti m e, subdtlin g t h e su m m e r h eat. The d ay m ay h a v e bee n hot, bnt wh en th e s un goes llo>v n t h e e \ e nin g air i s co ol a nd briu g s r·efr eshin g sl eep, · a lux ury to t he ti.retl '' o rke r no t often e nj oye d , e x cep t on th e plaiu s of th e west. The winds s weep away a n y pos s ib l e mala ria, a nd the r a re, invigor atin g , life -in sp iri ng atmos ph e r e l etwes i ts impress on every form of animal or vcg etahl e lif e . The s u ccession of w ork during t h e y ear i s a gi'ad ual one , in whic h the fa rm e r finds s om e thing to do durin g every mou t h in th e year , from g ra in g rowin g in s umm e r t o g t·aiu feedin g in w intCT. 7

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. Alread y, ·wit hi n our ei gh tee n years of e xisten ce <"LS n. State , we are with more public in stit utions a.ud well cons tructe d buildings tha n an y State l;>cfore a t our age. Eclucational;--the S t a t e uni ver s ity n.nd norm al school. F or the unfor t unate -an a sylum for th e insan e , schools fo r th~ ~lincl an d d eaf a nd dumb. For the safe k eeping of t h e d e pra.ved a nd VICiou s- a Sta t e pris on. For t h e incorri g ible-a r eform school.

For t h e frie ntll ess- a hom e. All evide nce of hl o-h s t a ndal'ds in the line of civilization. "' ' EDUCATIONAL. . T akin g all in all, no State in the Union has been so w e ll s e rve d in

Its educalioual aff:an:s, · . a n d h as s o fa v ora ble future for the v e r y bes t a d< vantages to its childre n for th e ver y l east t a x:;r,tion . It will b e r e m emb er ed t h at b y p ro vision of the e n a bling act one eighteenth of the lands of th e State set a pa r t for the e ndowme nt of common schools .

The aggr egate in acr es of this mag nifice nt gift is 2,643,080. By the t erms of the Co ns tit u ti on, none of. this . land can be s old at a pnce . l ess t h a n $ 7 a n acr e. Only a few hundred thousand a cr es have bee n disp osed of up to · th e present time by sa l e . The amount realize d from these sales in cash has b een $ 958,724 . Tl;e a mount d ne on no tes of ?urch aser s , secm·ed b y the la nd itself a nd dra wiu g 6 p e r cent inte r est, 1 8 about $ 2,815,000.

About, 800,000 a cres of th ese land s have b een l eased for a t erm of years at an a v erage vnluation of $ 3 p e r acre, and a

- ) 7 (-'-rental of 6 p e r cent, wbicll r e presents the sum of $2,400,000, a nd an incom e for th e t e mpora r y or available school fund of $ L44,000. The tot al a mount of t h e p erman ent school fund r e prese n ted in ca sh , _bonds, notes a nd lea ses, i s t h er efor e $6 ,173,938, producin g a n ~nm~al mco~e of over $ 350 000 per :mmun . . B y wi se additional l eg1sla.t wn , wlnch will r estri c t ~be S!Lle of lamls b y fixing t h e minimum price a t $ 25 p er acr e, or will s top t h e sale alt-oge t h er , a nd a dopt a sys t em of l eases with a r eappraisem ent every tiv e or ten ye<u ·s, tllc p erma n e n t school fund_of N ebra kamay b e r aised eve nt ually to $ 50,000,000, w ith a~ :mnual ill com e d erived ther efrom to from two and a half to three millions annually . The p erm a n ent fund from t.h e sale of these lauds can n e ver be impaired under onr Consti t ution , and th e income from it can only ? e u sed in u efra.y in g t h e current expen ses of th e s chool s. When a schoolhouse is built, the money is r a isell b y a direct tax.

Official documents show in N ebraska-School districts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,521 School houses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 ,258 T eacher s·.............. . ....... . .... · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,009 Pupils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

185,542 P aid t each er s in w ages .... .. . · . ..... .. .. . ..... . . .. . . . . . . ._$ 80Z,214 V alue of school houses . . ... . . .. . . .... . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. .... 2,163,459 Value of school sites . . .. . . . . . ·. ·....... . ..... .. .. . . . .. . ...

273,994 V alue of school prop er ty in books, apparatus, etc .. . . , .. .. ..

65,555 Number of pupils w·ho attend seb ool... .. . . ... . . ..... . . . ...

126,129 Ave ra ge number of clay s' school in each di strict .. . . .. .. . : ..

119.3 Cost p er pupil. ... · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · $ 1 80 Tot al a mount expended for education al pnrposes in 1884 . ... 1,904,417 The Stat e Univer sity and Agricultural 0. ollege, w hi ch under the Aet of 1869, are consolidat ed unde r on e gen er al m a n agem ent, have an e ndowment of 136,000 acr es of land, only a sm all portion of which has b een sold, but which is b ein g l eased ver y rapidly , and ,vj]l bring in a constantly increa sing r e venue . T h e St ate N ormal School is endowed wi th a gr ant of 12,500 a cres of State la.nrls, that w er e qu,.i,t e vahta ule, and the income d erived from this sonrce will e v entually go a g ood · ·u rr its expen ses. From fi ve t o six hunclred YOtmg men a nd ways 111 p ayt "' " . . . , · 1 ·u attendance a t these m stt tutwu s trom t erm t.o t erm, a nd wome n n,r e I ' · · afforded for a birrh er education at the e xpe n se of the the a d van t age S ' "' . . · 1 t o t hose founil. in au y s ectwu of the Umon. P r operly Sta te a r e eqtu1 . _, ·udicat ed in r esp ect t o t h e comm o n seh ool l a otls, a.ncl husb an d eu , as 1 < • • • .. uutil t h ev slrall bnng $ 25 p er acr e- t h ey \\'Ill bnug an the l au d s 1eas e(l ·' .. . . sum in l ess t lmu a gener atwu- t.he valne of tins endowaverage of tl1a t . . . ment will b e in the n eighborhood of three and a half m1lhons. So f~u·

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-) s (as the limit· of the Constit ution will p e rmi t, t he a n mHtl in c om e of t l funds will b e from $60,000 to ~200.000 by t h e year 1900 . lese Our State Library contairw :.!.J,QOO v olum es.

LA.NDS IN RT AT E O:S W HWH 'fAXE . ARE P AID. Impro ved, ::teres . .. .... . . .. .. .. . . . . . ... . ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,:i56 976 Value ~.,) ·> .- ,2 .3 9 ' 283 . . . . . . . . . . ... ..... . . . . . .... . . .. . .. .. . ... . .. . . .. . .. . <>Ummpro ved, acres. .. . . ..... .... .. . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. . . . . . 9,417' 2 4Valnc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..•8 24 ,234 ' 6851 Total No. acres land in State .. . .. .. . .... .. . . . · !If • • •• • • • • • 47 ,784:960 L l~COLN CIT Y, THE CAPITA L . d T he ca pital city, Lin coln , is a marked ill ustratio n of prog ress and t evelopment. The si te of th e ci ty up to 1867, w as a d eser t w aste · 11 a populatiOn · . o-day ' we h ave a ct· ty wit of 2 0,000 to 25, 0 00 e n terpri. _' mg, prospero . d . bl fr .· us, m om1ta e., go-a h ead p eopl e ; a t ttxable valua tion of ca.o~ eight to t en million dolla r. ; fotu· u a tion a l b a nks with a paid up ' Pita.l of ne·tr 1 ll :us, and d e pos its o ver t wo m ill 1ou ' , w hole · · a m1' ll'IOn co S l · h . . . . . a e house .1 . s Wit a n fHl lltHLl t raue of s1xmilho n s or more ; m a n n fac t u r es s htowing 'a p.1 0 <l net, a nnually, of from two to three Jnillions ; · fourte en c urch es in h ' h . . val ' w IC Is m vested 8200,000; school-h o u ses nud pro p e rt y · undned at Sia;:,, ooo ,. gas, t elephon e, s t,,·eet rm·l ways a nd w- a t e t·\vo r l-s m ~ .

• 'Y, With numero us other excel sior cb aracte ris th;s . ? MAHA .

Standin betw g at the h alf-way point on the railway across th e contine nt ex:cltle~n th e Atlantic and P acific, a nd m a rkin•T the line b e t w e e n t h e Slvely a r 10 ' ul . "' . .

United S g tural a nd the cattle r a nges and mim n g r egions of t lt e tates ' t he city 0 f 0 ma l1a, I·S one possess in rr peenli ar· lllte · For y r est . ears th e Miss . ,· . . "' . . . anu tb oun u vei was the western bound a ry of ClV1hzatiou · 0 who g et bcoura"'eous solli c ei·s, a ,1ventruous· miners and barely p ione er s' a ered a t 0 1 startinO' . rna la, th en on the " overland trail," made i t t h e o POint for many a h' t . explorer I S one enterprise.

Sta nley, the African Schwatk· was a newspaper correspondent quartel'ecl at t h i s city. Lie ut.

F t. O~a~t, t he p enetrator of the A rctic r egions, was l ong sta tion e d a t Fra' nels · 'r ra m · fi gtued here as a proJecter · Union p a,_ . and George . of t h e ways B ~cific rail way, before he w ent to London to introduce tram. elll "o· iLiso t he mush} . a representati · Ve CI'tY of the Northwest, having nei ther of t be m e~;.:-h~e growth of a mining center, nor th e sl ow clevel op~ent t ravele, pohs of a land of farms, it bas a ttrac t e d t h e atte ntion of Aug ust us Sa1a, on h is journey fo ur years ao- 0 so0 journ d1 6.· GeorO'e el l' lU Omaha' £01. severa I d ays, a nd prouon n cc il i t n. " J. UVenile "' ' bnt excee< 1 0 "' Y pr · · 't " "a n e- c"h .

OilliSlllg Cl y . Moody , t h e evanrrelist, d e nominated it Ica.,. city . •• .,o, " an d Will'lam Bla ck, Ulll'ing h is "'v isit to f rie nds in this ' several years· ago, t oo J{ notes £or t h e location h e r e of one of t h e

- ) 9 (cl im a x es of h i s novel ," Green Pastures a ud P iccn.dilly ." T h a t Oma h a i s a r e pre. e n ta ti ve ci ty, its h i s tory full y rLtte ·t,s .

T h e popul ation at Omah a, t oge the1· with Cotm cil Bl nffs, whic h i s on th e ea st sid e o f the i\iisso n ri, a nd if pro p e r ly called wo uld be " E ast Om a h a," a n d i s now con n ected w ith o_~ah a b y l ocal tra ins of t h e U. P. R 'y, is over 75 ,000, a nd with t h e rLdch t LOn o f the proposed important business, w it hin fiv e year s from t he presen t d a.te a t· l ea s t. double, or 150,000, may b e r elied up on . .

As showing, p artially , t h e busines;:; of Om a h a , t h e fo llowing statistics ·a r e p resen ted : N o. of Employes

M onthl y P ay-R oil

Union P llc!flc S~ op s, _ prob ably t h e_la r gest in t h o United S t>ttes ... . ~ 30 5 Union Pam fi c R y, otlicos n.t Om ahn. ... . ... . ... . .. . .... .. .. . .. •. 5 . . .. . . ::005 $175. 17 8 1 ~h~ :;;i~ ~:ro t~l~~.R~:ad~ : : ~ .. : ~ ~ :::: :: : : : : ~ · · · : ~ · ~ . ~ ~ · : : .. ~ . · : ~ : · · · · Tho U nion E levator , cn.p nci ty 1,000, 000 b n s b oJs . · · ·. · . .. . . .. ... . ...... .. .. . 40 . ... . . . Q:!OOO Boyd's Pncking ~o n so_a ncl R e fi n oL-y . .,ap >tci ty 100 t terces of ln.rd per ,tay, slnu g htermg l ,oOO hog:" per d ay . . . . . .. · · · · .. . . ......... .. . . .. . .. . ;wo .. . .$8D50 T h o Qm!1hn.n,n cl G mn t S mel t i u:,: a n d Hc fiH in g Co. , cap acity 150 ton s of toad per day. vVork ni g h t ancl d:>y. Tb " Omah a a n d Gran t Compan y i s th e n:-ost.cx.tcn s h ·e s mel ting ~u tl refi nin g compan y in A merica. -Smn e 1don. of th e extout ot bus iness ot. th o con cern mn.y b e g"inecl from t h o fa~t. t h o,t t.b e Om :>h n. worlcs di?- a busi n ess l a st ymtr of $12,980.300. Ihts <loos n ot m olnd o " n y of the busin ess of the D en Ter works. ... . .... .. .. ..... .. ...... .... .... . ... . .. . . . . .. .. . ... 350 .. . . . $20,000 During t.h o pas~ yenr th ~ Om.ah a w orl<R con s t n.ntJ.y emplo ~·ed >tb ont 300 men , p a ul out 2-1 ~, 0~0 m w age_s unci exp end ed 1;)30.000 in imRrovetnonts . T h e tnetnl R Hh lp p e d clur1ng t h e year were ~ ·

l~i:':':':':' :':':':':':' :':':':":':':':':':':':':':'::·:·:':':' :':':'·:-.':·:::::: ::::::::$~:~~g:ggg Vitriol . .... · .. · · · · · .. · .. .. .. ...... .... · .. · · .. · .... · .. · ..

100,000

T otnl · .. · • •· · .. • .. .... .. · · .. · · · .. . .. · · .. · .. • · · · · .. · · -$ l3 ,059 ,300 STATTST ICS OF T HE W I LL OW SPiliNGS DISTILLERY CO .

Im rovome n ts , co u s i s ti11 ~ prin c ip all Y:_ o f ruldi ti~n s of n e w a nd i m;_o,ecl m ncbinor y for cooking gram , n ew boiler s, s toreh ou se for ~oop erago stock. aml two n ew hay b arns, ~t thetotnl c os t o f $20,000. ~\,·c r~t2:0 num l~or of men employed d urmg year. · .. .. .. ... .. . .. . . . .. ... . 100 .... , , .$6500 ~1n.tori :tl-grm n n ~cll : :')

:_ : .: :_: ·::.:::~~ ~~ ~:_:.:: :~~HU bns~ols.

*~:. :_:.~ ~:·: ~~: ~:. : :~ ~ ~

'I'otn.l g rain . . ... - .. . .. . . . - . . . .. ... - . ... · · · · .. · · -370 ,000

"

Fnelnsod .. . ... .. . .... . .. . . .... ... • .. · · · · .. · · · · .6,700 ton s c oa! .

Bnrr els u sed . . .. . .. . . · . . .. · · · · ·.. · · .. · · · : · · 20, 7;,0 ::;~m e ar e mad e n.t. di s t iller y. cool?er "h o p employm g 20 coop er s .. r 'rodn ction , l ,-lqO. OOO galion s d ts tilled spiri t; of ": h.i ch a bout 100 ,000 gallon s wht•key; 1 ,:100,000 gallon s Colo~n e s ptrtts and n.l·

col~-b~ s~tlos o f t h o p roduct agg,r eq:ate t h e. ~_u m o ~ $1,:.92,000 , n.nd th o t.a:c paid du ring t h e ymtt' on w .stilled "aptnts. Wit hdra wn f rom th e d. t 'llo ·y w nr ehon se >tm ounte<l to $1.-17.700. ' 8 !ttl ~· , A bou t 3,5oo h encl of cntth' w<;>r e f ed u nrhtg . t h e yea~ in J C,d ' f\l er <; h a ru from t h e s lop production b y t h e d ts tiller y, WhlCb 1 8 t le .

11~nniccl abont 15. 000 tons hn.y. , "' s~Vl~ito Le>td Co. l1ae :t pn.id up enp ita\ of $90,000 a ncl en pam t y for £h e - " -oo to n s 11i o- tend Jle r yea<·.... ...... . •· · ... · .. · .. • .. · ·· · · ... - . . .40 • .. . - .. $2500 00 Ti_~~~-)~u,~~ a liqnjd p~tint and color tleparttu~n t·! ory ~ ~f th o largest . ·,vc!-'.t nnrl n.re pr-Ppario g to in crease th e1r tn.mltttes.

H 11 ~ Y ' ~ F isher. This pros perouH buAiness was _stn.rted by ,Mr. !tnb""-' ' ~1 rl'is in 1810. T h e h "''""' t h e lnr gest r etail butc h er s bns t,n oss f,~ t•0 ; ,1 h n..' A r e 11lso p n.ckors of pork an ~l beof n.ncl h 11~o-con s•Jer . ble c~>nni ng wor ks, G r oss r etn.rns dnn~ g 1 88~, lil41 9,~8;,. ·.· · · . ..... .. . . ao .. ..•. .$1850 Sl~~el e . & Co., p ork p ack er s, h ave a cap actty fo L s la u gh tenng 500 " _ h o"'s'\or cl n.y .. . .. .. • • .. • .. • .. • · " • • .. • .. • • · • .. " • .... • • .. • • • · .. ... • • • • .. • • 2~ · ... - • . $1200 'rh o 'l>m nb n. N'n.il Work s. Capaci ty, 500 keg-,:s~ pe:::•c·._ d~ n.y'-.'-------'------:...._ _ __

-) 1 0 (-

-)11(-

There ar e a vas t nu m b er of oth e r "-o r k s a ll doi n g a con s i der a ble trad e, fr om wh om r e t urn h a ve no t b een o1 t a in c d .

The m a nufa c tories and works a r c a ll upon t h e li n e o f s o 1u e of t h e r ailroa d s. Th er e are t wo fir t-cl ass l10 t e l s, th e Iillard n n d t h e P a x ton; Boyd's Opera Hou ·e , cos t $ 12 5,000 a n d seat · 1 7 00 p e opl e; m ost efficient water supply a n d wor k s ; a fin e publi c library a nd l aw l ibrary i gas w orks; seve ra l m ilefl of str eet rail way .

Ther e are no w rune b a uks doing bus i n ess i n t h e c i ty of Omah a., of Which n umb er sL'C a r e n atio n al o n e savi n..,.s and two priv ate . Th e y a ll ' b ' r epresent a paid in capit al a nd su r plus of $ 2 , 4 07,000, <t11d t h e ir d e p osi ts a ggregate $ 7,800,000.

The m anufacturin g inter e ts of t h e city h ave b een rap.idl y a d vanced durin g t h e p ast i our year s, until t h e re is n o w e m p l o yed a s capit aL, by t h e various ~ . g com p a n i. e , t h e s u m of $ 3. ,:...

This 900, 000 · . m anu~acturm ~mount ts r ep re ented i n t wen ty- s e v en d iffe r e nt i nd u s tries, not in cludIn g t h e ' larg e s h o.ps of' t h e Umon . · 11 ~L1one r epr e Pacific Railroad, whiC seuts as l arge a sum .

The · b' · · fiv e J o lll ng houses of Omah a h ave n e a rly doub l ed in n umber m sears d 1 Je 'an on the 1 t of J a nuat·y 1884 t h er e w e r e f orty - fotu · wh o e s a houses · . ' 'l a r g e l umu e r yar d s , 'uu · t n o t . in. in t'· He c1' t y, tncl nd lJlg se veral cl udmg n. 1 · bb · rr 'fh . • a rger n umber of reta il h o us es who n.l s o d o som e J O ID"'· er e 1s all t 0 l·' 1· · · J o u ses · u 1 w g , one h und t·e d a n d forty -seven bustuess 1 l!l th e cit,b0 1 · ·tal w lOl esal e only , or par ti a ll y · T h e ao·o· o·;Lte crtP 1 < n ow em 1" w .,,.., t·e<> · . p oyed by t h e s ix ty -four j obbin g h ouses r e f e l'l'e d t o is t h ree m illion thre 1 ,,, · · te tl1 t e tunUI·ed a nd si.x ty - fo ur dollm·s-an d t l1 e b est estlll1 .l· a can b e obt · · 883 a t from uin , . am ed places th ei r sal es in d oll a rs , fo r t h e yea r 1 ' • e to llln e and a h alf millions .

Th ere are s· te fi . , · f ~h · 1 . ~00 L"l: en ne bnck built school buildin rrs t h e v ;Lluation •• WI~ . . "'' Th ' 00 · The cost of t h e Hig h Scl.10ol b uild inrr w·n.s $ 2GO, OOO. e number of t h . . . . "' · . · · fi t each ers m . the hieac h er s emplo.red 1s run . e ty-stx ' toge t lte r w tth . t h e Ive . ' g school. 'rh e r e a r e twel ve rnin cipal s .

Th e teac l-f ers pay roll a 5'>0o . ·m ount to $ 6700 p e r m onth . 'l'l1 e d a il y a t t enda n ce 0 - ' number of ·1 · · 1 ·e .

PU:pl s Ut PUblic sc hools I •5600 '· n umber of s c lwo ag · Clty, lU 8921,

°

T h e Crei"'hton

c

II

.

.

.

0 ege, a n1eroon al college e t·ecte d 1n m emor y Mrs. Mary abnd Mr Ed 0 · d ~ t

f

war Cl'eig b ton , cos t $ 60 ' 000 ' a nd lias a l a r.ge a -. t enclance. Mr Ed· . ·d . . · '\ ar Cr ctgbt on w as on e· of t h e wes tern or p wnee.t stock rmsers 'tnd 1 ft · d ' '· e an enor mous fo r t un e a nd a nluJnfi cent eq owm ent for t his in st 1·t t' . . . t n Ion; b estdes wl11ch Is t h e Sacr e d H eart Conven , a m a gnificent struct ure just outside t h e limits of t h e city .

The thr e · · 1 e prm c1pa E nglish ne w spap ers are :

E mploy es.

Th e Omah a H e ral d , wit h ,j ob -prin t'g offie:c The Om a h a Hc p u?lican, with j ob p n nt in g office . ···· · ·· · ·· The Om ah a Bee . . · ·· ·

102 104 93

Circul ati on.

M'thly Pay Roll.

D a il y . .. . . 6 ,500 . . . 15 ,800

$ 5 ,7 41 00

'\~r eeki y

D a ily .. : . . 5 ,400 "\¥ e e kl y . .. 13,000 D ail,Y .. ... 7 ,000 W e ekly . .. 25,000

$6,300 00

$3,810 00

--------------------------

R A ILR OADS AN D T E LE G R APH. As l ate as 1858, o ur u e a r est r a ilroad conn ecti on w as Qui n cy, Illinois , No w eas t , a n d S t · L ouis s out h ' r e q uiring fro m fi ve t o te n d a y s to r e ach. . t h e t rip is m a d e in n ear a::; ruan y hon rs. Th e n , t wen t y t o t hH ty d ays b ox team s w a s r equir e d to r each " Pike's P eak," or "Ch e rry Cr e ek ," :est; DO \Y twen ty- three hour s sv eed one f t·om t h e Mi s s ouri ri ver t o ·D en ver. The n, t hree hun dre d a nd sixty -fiv e d ays-often more- wer e r e quired for a tl·ip ove rla nd to t he P a cific coa st. Now seate d in a Pullm a n p al a ce car , as comfo r table as b y y our p a rlor fir eside, l es s ~h an one hundred h ours tran sport s y on from Omah a t o Sa n Fra n cisco. The n t h e overla.ml fas t pony mail line conv eyed l e tter s to D e n ver a nd S al t Lake a t b est in five t o ten d ays; to -day t h e simple click of a minute "m achin e a nd y ou r m essage i s at ei t he r point n a m e d in l ess t ime t h a n is r e quired to in d i te it. April I , 1884, we _h a d in t h e Stat e 2685 mil e.s o~­ erat ed railr oa ds . At sa m e d ate 4637 miles t elegraph, .I 954 of w hich rs not opera t ed b y r ailroa d s. . . . .

R a.ilroads in Nebraska, unhke m mos t other Sta t es a nd te rnton es, w ere Pl· on eer s · T h ey l ea d off, as it w ere, r each i n g out into unoccupie d · h abited re "'"'ioo s . Settl em ents a nd ci vilization followe d , and wit h UDIJl won d erful w ell kl1own r esults .

MANUFACTURE S. Manufacturing interest s a r e r eceivin g m ore attention , and t h e g r eat l ·tuui t ies f or t h e profitabl e investm en t of capita l a r e b eing r ealoppo · · I1ous es, e t c ., .

F l· ouring mills, cr eam en· es, w· oo1en mi'Jl s, p a c lnug rze but t o k eep pace. wi .t h t h. e increase of producar ed:1 ncr.e.•tsin o;,. in number, . . f t h e r aw ma.ten a l, more of these m s t t t n tw n s ar e n ee d e d. An ti Oll 0 .

I f h fi . abl e wn"ter. s 'ay s ·. '' H ere rs Neur asut, t h e cent. r e o t e n est . .agn . cul • · 0 b etween t h e t \YO ocea n s, t o furni sh a n a lm ost llhm1 table t urn.l r egw . .

• ., . t h e l eadin g a r t icl es of m anufacture, surrounde d w1t h Imm arket ,or . . .·, • . l . . . hie I·esour acs m crude mateu ,Lls, p ossessm g a sp end1d r a ilway 111 ea su1 a · 1 1· 1 "" in orr t hrotJO'h t h ese m ean ste1u ouer .., . s t h e n g 1est llll u cem ent.s . t o m ansy '. g. c,a.J1i tal And ufa ctunu ' ' skill and expen ence. . . t h e ,tenden cy Is clearl y th1~ s w a y . Manufac turers ar e steadily workmg w estward toward a nd

I

- ) 12 ( -

- ) 13 ( -

into their great market field, nor w ill tlte move m e nt c e a se until t he ~reat interest of manufacturing and agri cultural production a r e workIng h armoniously npon common gTonnd ."

~t the date of the issue of thj

pamphlet, t h e e ditor was abl e to obtaJU reports from only a few of t he wore importan t poin t s in t l1 e tate.

T~e following will give an impelfect jfl a of w h at t lJC yonug State is _aomg ou t SJ·ae of agriculture proper:

2

~>,

~"§.

] NA1.f.Es OF TOWNS.

•:!! cw;3

~~

~~ .Ai;;-- ~Foelnutti'": c1:,e0·::_: _· ·:. ::::·.·. ·_.· .-· .·.• •· •· •·.••-.· .••••• ,

:a:"lls

Ci~;

-.,.

oldt

·· · · · · · · · ··• •. . . . . . . . :a~•lllt·ibnl!~· . . :. : . _" ::·.·_·· · · · · · · · ·· · ··

-"-Gar n ey

~i6nbcolti 0

· • . • . •• • • •••

.. · · · · · ·

. :: · · • ·· · · · · :::: ::: ...• :::: · · · · • •. . . . . . . . • • .

- . _._·_. •• : : •.•.• • - . . • • . . • • • • •

''ask,. City

IVIllnahlo"o~

..••... •

.. . •. ..

~

~

3

:.:>

?-;

4

16 14 4 10 3 19 9 22 [(l

:)

~

a5

a

S

za ~rn o ro ~n~ p

-.j

rc ·-

~

U;

rn

·2 ~

~ A

~

~

"J:B 6- 0 .200 $ 80,000 108 ;;G, OOO 35.000

143,500 11 6 12,000 21 0, 750 70 9.000 10 51 , 400 116 95,207 148 1,158. 000 333 4 199,000 1320 • 30, 000 30

~

~

:g

a ~ d ~ ~

~

2

g

rg

~ 7:)

~

~

f>

0

11., 500 $- -22.550

106. 200 302 ,000 :J6, 000 70, 100 11, 000 8 0, 700 56,000

2 1. 800 12,6 00 5 -1,800 5,800 60,600 68 , 700 183,550 17:!,500 686, 000 4,693, 500 17, 000 75,000

~ 59, 500

722,000 58, 500 18 5 .000 19,000 194 ,000 362,000

4,~63,000

20,'-'61 .000 150,000

Corn CROP YIELD- 1884.

"Whe~~ · · · · · · · · · · ... . . ....... .. . . ........ ... ..... 169,000,000 b ns h eJs Oats · · · · · · · · · ·.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,000,000 u Barl~~- · · · · · · · · · · ......................... . . . ... 31,000,000 u Rye . .•.· · · · · · · · · ·.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,000,000 " Millett····· · ··· ·· . .. ..... . ... .. ..... . . . . ....... . 20,000, 000 " B:unga~i~~ · · ·.· · · · ·. . . . . . .... ...... .. ........ .. ..

1 ~0, 000 '' Flax. · · · · . ... .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :G.5 ,000 '' . . . .. · · · · ·..... ... . .... ........... ....... .. .

250,V00 lc . Since tb ARTIFICIAL FO~ESTS . forest t e first sett1eme11ts, made in 1854, th ere have bec u pln.uted ~ Which ar·tees ' in N r eb raska, 244,356 acr es, or 60u,5!4,168 trees, a 11 o f" e groWing and in prosperous condition.

'I'he " GROWTH OF TREES. "lllowin . are mad g actual ' e sho · · measurement o f tree growth s, of known ages, ' Wmg c1rcnmference i.J 1 jnches, two feet abo\"e gi"ouud : ~te Elm• ...

Ycara o le!.

Iu c h es: White E ! • · · · · · · · · . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 24!!

Rea Elmtrn · · · · · · · · ·... . .... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 63 36 Catalpa• . . . . . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 24 Soft Ma ·;· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · . . . .. · · · · · · · · · . . . . 20 48t 18 Soft M~ p1 54 it p . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 69t

:1·.... ·················.. ············..

Yen,rs old.

Sy cam ore* . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Pig Hickoryt.......... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Sl1 ag-bark Hickor y " ..... ...... .... ... ....... . .. . . 24 Cotton wood t ... .. . .. ....... .. ..... . . . ....... . ... . 23 Cottonwood* . - ~ . ... . . ....... . . ...... ... . ....... . 11 Cottonwood"' .... ...... ...... ............ . .. .. ... . 25 Ch estn ut "' . .. ..... . ... . ......... ... .. ... . ....... . 14 Box E l cler t ... . ... . ........ .. .. ....... . .... . ... .. . 14 Box Eld er * .. . .. . . ... .. .. . .. ... .... .... .... . ..... . 14 Hon ey Locustt .... .... . .. .. .... . ... . . .. . . .... ... . 22 Honey L ocust " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . 22 Kentucky Coffee Treet . ....... . .. ... .... . .... ... . . 14 Burr Oakt . .. ....... ... ........ . ........... .... . . 22 Burr Oakt .... ... . . . . .. .. . . ...... .

26 White Oakt . ....... .. ....... . ........ . ... ....... .

22 Red Oakt . .. . . .... . . · : . . .. .............. ... ..... .

22 Black Oakt . . ... .. ... . .- ....... .. . .

22 White Asht ............. ... . ... .. . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 22 Green Ash t . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 22 B lack Wa.luutt .... . ....... . ... . ,... .......... .. . . .

22 Bl ack W a.lnut* ........... ......... .. ... ... . ... . . _ 16 Black \ V a.lnut * . .... .. .. ....... . . .. .

16 White Walnut"' ...... ... ......... . .

16 Osage Orange"' ..... . . .... .. .. .. . .. : :::::::::::::: 25 L a.r ch * . . ... · · · · · · · · · · · · ..... . .... ............... .

10 ·white Pine"'" ... · . . . · · .. .. ... . ..... .

20 W hite Pine'' · · . · · · · · · · · · - · . .. . .. - .. ... : : : : :: : : : : : : 12 Scotch Pine'' .. .. . ....... . ....................... .

15 Scotch P ine '' ......... . ...... ... .... .. ........ . .. . 10 Austrian Pine* ..... . ... . .. ... .. · ........... . . .. . . 11 Balsmn Fir'' ..... . . .. ............. .. .. . ...... . .. . . 12 . . . .

•

••

0

...

0

0

•

•

••••••

-

••

••

•

•

0

~;!t~eg:~:~-~ : :::::::::·. ·. ·. ·. ·_ ·. .·.·. ·. ::::::::::::::::

J.VIulberry * · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · , · . · .. . .... .

Mulberry+.······ · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · ..... . .

Rnssia.n Mulb err.v"' .. .. . .... . . . . · · .. ... ...... .. .. .

Lindent · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Popla.r·'' ........ .. .. .... ... .. . . ....... . .......... .

Silver L eaf Popl ar * .. . ... . . .... · · · · · .. · .......... .

Bla ck Lo cus t* . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · llerl Wi ll o"''' ... .. .. . . . ........ . ...... ... . . .. ... . .

Grey \ V illow" . . · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Yellow \ Vill ow* ............... . . . ........... . ... . *Planted. t Spontaneous growth.

12 12 18 18 6

14 4

12 24 :20 15 21

Iu c b es.

43~

371;-

30 78t 93

98 24~

25t

3It 40t

4H 251

36t 43-t 29 .

37t 38i 3'2130 48 18 50t 49t

26t 24 361 29

23 36 22~

26 .

26t 22 43 39!-

24 35 12 67

6W 58 26t 132

-) 15 (-

- ) 14 (- -

Pa:rtial b earing a t an ear ly a.g e, but a t six yea.r s a full cr op will be r ealized. The crop g ro\Yu-11r.- t com :wd. th e n clover for hay or h og pastnr age-\vill p ay all i u te rest a.nd cspenses.

List of fr uits r ecom m e nded by t h e N e braska State Horticultural So-

T

ENCOURAGING E ACT:\IENT.' AND P .ROVIS IO NS . he Nebraska State Co ns ftut' . . 1es t l1a t " t. h e JllCrC'<.l<s . of land b I 1011 prov lf e d vn.l ue . ' Y reason of r f . . · c tivated th Ive ences, f1·u1t a u d .orest t t·ees gt·o"·n a 11 d c u i thereof AereSon, shall not b e taken into conni<leration in th e n ss es m e nt . tate law ,, . f . c r· nation fo. exempts rom taxatwn •or • I V IJ y e ars , $ 100 vall each acre f fr . . ea ch acre forest 0_ trees." Also mt t rees pJa nte11, :wil s. 0 lor cities and .1 makes tt obl igatory t l ntt " t;li c corporate a u t ho ri t ies of in tLne S tate sl•al l cau s e s h a d e trP.e to b e pla.nted along t h VJ.__!ages · e s",·eets th destroy th erco I'·" Furth r , "any p er . ou wlio Bln1.1l iuinre or e shade t . . . · to do the ree O l trees of anoth er , or penmt Iu s o t· !J e t· animal s S50 for easahme, ~hall be liable to a fine not less t h a 11 $5 .11or more t ha.n · d or de troyed ." To e n coUJ·a ge g ro w in g li\e f•ences tl c l· tree i nJure ' l C il.W p . highway d ernu ts pla nting "preciscl.v on t l1 e lin e of t lJ e roa d or · ' an for it·S protection, . · · SIX feet of th to occupy for a term of seven year , e road or highway ."

~

,.

.. ·'

•

FRUIT TREE . .

The orchards .

Peach, plum a 1 ~ the Sta,te show 12,033,112 fruit trees-apple, pear , To this we Pncot, prune, necta rine, ch eny and oth m· s ruall f ruits . braskasbip d 2 ,!:J06,734 grape vines. B eside .h ome cons'nmptiou N e 0 f apples aPed d ofh er· crop of 1884 over t i.J ree lmndre d t h ousand bu 's h el.s ' ' n The Probl gr R.pe by the hundred tons.

1 t~ 0t·onghly a:~: fores~ tree and frnit culture in Ne'\J.ras ka has been ties oftimbe ost satisfactorilyso]ved. Near all the valua bl e vari e r gro rr 'a,nd fl Olurs . h to satJsfactJO . . n.

ci e ty : APPI"Es-Summer- R ed Ju n e, Astrach an, Duch ess, B·1ffiugton, Cooper, A m . Summer Pearmaiu, Col e's Q niu ce, Sops of vVine, L owell , S'lleet J u n e . .A1ttwnn-- S now, R a mbo, W eal t hy, Pewaukee, Dyer, G rimes, Porter, Fall Win esap, Calve rt, Striped Gil liflowe r , Utter, Perr y Russett.

W inter- B en Davis, Jonathan, J a ne ton, W h ite \iVinter Pearmain, Ortl ey, Swaa.r, Smith 's Cid er, North em Spy, l\Iissouri Pippin, Newtou P i p p in, Wi n t e r ·w ine , P l umb's Cider, Otoe R ed Str eak, "M inkle r, Iowa B l ush , W albridge, Manu, L a nsing-burg. Or abs-Hyslop, W hi tney No .

20, Alaska . For trial, G ol d e n Beau ty .

PJ;;ACREs- Hal e, Crawford's Early, York, Troth, G eorge IV, Smock, Cr awford's Late, \<V~od's Late, Morris vVhite, Beatrice, Amsden, Alexan d er, Newington , jacq ues, Heath Cling, Lemon Clin g, L ouise, R i ver s, Mhon .

GRAPEs-Concord, Dela\Yar e, Martha (a littl e tender), Eumelau, D racut Ambel', Moor e's Early, Sal em, Pocklington, Worden, E l vi ra . For tria,l: Ni agar a, Poug h keepsie, Brighton, Lady, Earl y Vi ctor, J a n esville .

:a

Cu~RANTS-Red Dutch, \ iVbi te Grape, Versa.ill es, Long bun ch Hol l and, Victori a . For t ria l : Fay's Prolific.

BLACKllERRIES-Snyder. For trial; Early vVilson , Early Clu s ter.

GoosEBERRIES-Downing, Smi th's .

Th e att FRUIT GROWING. . ention of . comm ercia] . eastern fruit growe rs, w ith capital to p lant Ia.rcre by. :Nebraskaorchard "' frt. s, I.S tJ.'trP.cted to tbe gren.t opp o rtuni ties presented Will not comp n t ~rowin~ as a special bu siness, a nd for profi t wb ich FroD1 r ewE are With tha · t secured by t b e b a rd la bor of p lain fanni n o-. an llhcertaiJity ngland w es tw a.rc, I . . "' frutt growmg has a dvanced in dou bt Pl'airie St.c'ttcs as to the possibilities of tl1e beyond, u ntil to -day th~ a r egron · of golden Present .tli e tin est frutts . grown m · t;be great golden belt-No State 0 gram and frnits. ffers such . . . ci I a orchards fi . gre:.~.t; opportu111 t1es for plantin g great commer1 ?ant Prod nctio~ '?rojit. Soil, climate an d rainfall requi site for a bunlllstances from thIs all that could be desired. Varieties differ in many tnended by th ~se of the Eastern States, but th e Jjst of fruits recomwhich have b e tate Horticul tural Society gives only t hose kinds taken as a s u een ~horougbly tested by th e best growers and may b e re gwde bY th e planter. An apple .,rcha.rd will ' commen ce

RASP.BERRIES-Bla ek Gap-Gregg, Sou h egan, Mammoth Cl uster, T y l er. ' For trial: Bnrn s, Barnard. .Red~Turn er, Cuth bert : For tri al : R eliance, Crimson Beauty.

PEARS-PlantiJJ g of p ea rs for profit is not r ecommen d ed, as t h e trees have almost u niversally bligh ted, but would recommend as t h e safest varieties Flemish B eauty, Louise Bonn e , Vicar, L a ,vre nce, Cl app's Favorite, .Bar tl ett and Keifer.

CHERRIEs-Earl y Richmond, B elle :Mnguifique, Reine Horte nse, E n gl ish :Morr ello, L a.te Rich mond. For tria.l : Olivet, D ye Ho use.

PLUMs-Jeffer son, Min er, W ild Goose, Forest Garrlen . F or trial : Weaver, Wolf, De Ca~·duc , Blackman, D esoto, Prunus Simoni (Russian ) , STRAWB ERRIES-C I'escent (p ), Down C> r's Prolific (s), Charl es Downing (s ), Mt. V ernon (s ) , !\liner's Prolific, Dunca n , Cumberland (p}, J er sey Queen, Piper's Seedling (s), Bidwell.

For trial : Nigh's Superb, Manch ester , J a m es Vick. [ (s )-Stamiua.te. (p) -Pistillate.]

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W Va l'ieties of apples for a coiD.m or c ia l or c b a ru: Bn fnlllgtoll, 'o oper. · . ealthy · • Utter, P e wa nke e, Be n D a v 1. , ,,.v,.1ne. a p , J on . t ba.n , ...n't..- o. p rpPm , w·ln ter Wine, Rom. e, B ea nty. , O toe, I e d . treak .

Pl , Don1in e, R. J n.n e t, nmb's Cider, Minkl e r. · · · 0 Letters of 1nquu·y a ns1Yer erl b y a d d r e . SIng .J . rr• . A l.l :t il , ;:,' e c r e t ary, maha .

L IVE ST OC K. I t is a . . . . d well kno wn fac t that N eb r a s k a 1s capn.hl e of s u sta llnng as ense a 1 ' th Popula tion to t h e a cre a s a.n.v p a r t of t h e wo rl c, ,,· o~ 1 c I 1 J. S so b oroug hly d e mons tra t e d b y l.J er exhibit n.t t his E x p o s i t io u , ancl fm·tlr er ;ref~ly gathe red statistics on fi l e in t h e Agric n l t ur[tl De pa.rt m e n t asbmgton · entl r a s t o ck S t ate, \Y Jnc • I1 w as , It is al s o kno· wn th a t sh e is pre - e n1·m a lSO t} ' . th IOroughly d e mons trated to t h e pion e e r s of t h e " S t <tr of Em~nre " ona.t first Wende d t h eir w ay across our f e r tile valle y s c o ver e d b y th e ~ 11 e vast h erd of buffal o elk deer a n d a nt el op e t h a t gath e r e d h e r e from <\..IJ. Pa t ' r th west ' £ r s of the great No to r e v el in our on e hundre d a n d :fi£tyour va · · · w a s t h e G a rd e n o f E den fo G l'leties of n a tiv e g r a s!les_. In s hor t , 1t r• od's great h erbaceous f amily, a n'd t h e Indian's p aradise. " <>-S ' ' a ll fl esh is grass " it i h e r e f ound in su fficion t q u a nti. ty and .,_na-lity Lion to alone bring all' kinds of s tock t o a v e r y hig h s t a t e of p e rfectl ' cattl e a nd hogs needing but littl e of our n ative corn to fully fit tem for w · our fat stock shows. · str Itb 0 1:lr a b unda nt su ppl y of pure wate r c o m ing from s pnngs or· eams f d . . giVj e b y the mel ti ng sno ws of t h e Rock y M onnta w s, our a l tttude

a[

ng us · a m· ma1s IS · seldom k a pure, rlry a tmosph ere, t1·I ~ea:,;e a m o n g dornes t tc th ou noWr! excep t wh ere bro ugh t m by s ome of t h e t h o u sands upon our lu:d~ of differ ent kin ds th at a r e an nua lly im po rted t o h e f e d on Wh· n ant n ative grasses. occa .11 e our lawG are v ery s trin gen t again st b r ing ing in in fect e d s tock, owu eSlonan · .v some diseased anima l s escap e the e agl e eyes of onr s tockt h e . rs, ever y one of which is a self-cons ti tnt e il. d e t ecti ve t o preve nt · tle e<Lntwn · of t hlJUportati on of s uch; b ut witb lit n.ud care on the part it s e owner s, assisted b y the afor esaid n attn ·al n,o·en cioR, a ll traces o1 oon d·1 o . appear. So mueh 'lO t hat n.t t h i f:. writi.r1o- t h e r e i s no p r eV ,.~ 1- 1tng di . ' . ,_, b ein 1 sease m th e S tilt~, except 1n :1 f e w loca lit ie s s orne hogs are . a l m ost e very i n s ta n ce t h e cau s e can b e t r a c e d to the carelge ost ' and m conditi::~ss of th e owner in n ot p ro perly lookin g a f ter the ir sanitary better 1·aea of ou r great resources cannot w ell he express e d th a n W"A~ b <""'

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YDr · M: oor Ill · response to t h e toast, "The Great W e st a nd North-

w est," g iven which w e a t the late Cattle m e n's Con ven t ion at St. Louis, from roeat pordquote ·· "Th e great w e st a n d northwest--the g reat bread and · W I1en t 'ue · SaVIpr · of th e world s ought the hos pit,Ucers .of th e n a twn.

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A.nd wbe~'tbtty of R is d isciples, h e a ske d: 'Childre n h aYe ye a n y m eat 'I' he includ e f~amed tha t inc omparable litan y for t h e nni ver sal service ' bread andes Ill this p e t't' lIon: ' G Ive u s t h'I S clay our daily bread. ' Thus Jll a nkind. h ave the highest r ecognition as stapl e c ommoditi es of . ence of b . w , to lif t t h e great w est a ud northwes t to t h e proud e m . lll m en t em "'cr tl. le b rea d a u d m eat producers of the n atio n s is a CO JU p li over wh l . . . . ' < "From e mmg, a resp on s1b1hty a ppallino-. our fi elcls th . d h "' . fill e d. S out h . . e _g rana n es a n s a m bl es of t h e n ation s are t o be . ern Illm01s tbrs W est ern E . w as on ce t h e E oo·y P t of t l1e U m. ted States, but pire a ft er ·emp · gyp t , unhke h er d e ca d e nt proto typ e, has ann exed em · . K a n sas ll'e soun, D to k h er vast clom <a jn - I owa, w ' rsconsin , Minneso ta, lVIis bra~ka). < ' a · o ta and Nebraska (but. th e g r eatest of t h ese i s"Ne-

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"Aud now t h e o·. the w or ld A , l ea t w es t and n or thwest broa d cast t h eir boun ti es t o the east a~d t~d ~o ~ etween these m agnifi ce n t g r a in -b ea rin g States o u ·a n o-es tb e ±er t tle seaboa rd s of t h e Pacific lie t h e 0 . 1.eat JU t .

I "' at riJu t b . . .

• o . < . ouu -n.tn tha t drink t e contm ent, border e d b y the grandest p as t ur e lands "Wh . h e cle ws a nd sunshine of h eaven . o Wrll nnm l1er t h ese cattle on t h n. ce a t lwusand hills, conlr) ute . t h etr va1u e • or t r a n sl at e t h en· . . s ubstan ce m t o t h e ch e e r a nd £ ·t they b ear to t l • com or " .

- 1e million s of h om es n.ud h ea.r ts of rne n '? t m ::.a- t h e sen t unent ' . . Accep h o·f t h e t oast as t rue, th e g r eat west a nd uor t west a r e t b e b r ea d an ·a m e a-t pro d ncer s of the 11 a tion ViTe r I • a sk .e d t o d esi oa- u £or t b· em a. b ecom1ng · sea1, I wo uld grLth er on· s omee of t h eu s unn · · ng a nd h u n g ry m y ri a. d s of . y sl o1Jes 1·epresen t a t'1ves of th e t oih ea~th, Wi th o u tstre t ch ed arms pl ea din g for fo od, and h astening t o their re~refa-s~n-br~vn_red cowb oy~ drivi~g sl eek a nd fa t ted b e ev es, a nd ruddy gr a n ::.er s bnng rn g lumbe rrng t r am s gr oaning b e n eath t h eir burthens of w h eat a nd r ye, a nd fruits a nd. flo wers; a nd s o t h e n ceforwa rd ""Tang er " aud "cowboy" would stand a s symbols, no l on ger th e one of ; ud e n ess a nu the o th er of violence, bnt of intelligent indu s t ry a nd b en efi- . ce nt bounty ."

Ther e are now in th e StateHorses __ __ . _. _. . ____ . . .. ~ . . . . ____ ... __.. . . ___.. _. __ . . __. ________ 432 ;3 35 Ca t tl e, a.U kin d s. __ -- . --- ... -. --- - . .. ------. - - . -- ·- -- ... .. __... 1,814:642

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Th ese a r e valued a t $ 78,324,604.

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haMostly .ts all Pure breeds are represented in the State and each b reed . Shl enthusiasts. Those who aim at rmsrng beef are s upporters of elt er the Sh orthorn Hereford Devon or the recently introduce d Aberd ' ' . 1nterests . b een-An gus, or Galloways.

Others tru:n tlierr to t '· ue d ru· r y tlreeds, and then the J ersey the Gurnsey, the Holstein, the Ayr lJire, te Freistan, · ' · room for all each bas its supporter and advocate . There 1s 'and the ll Tb . Y a find a welcome. ere ls always a r eady market at home for a ll bulls bred by regular b reeders 'ln · fact, the d eman d e.xceeds the supply and many 1n· g h class bulls are brought from the Eastern States. Hundreds of grade bulls are neede d for the western plainS which stimulates even t 11e small fa m Tmers_to keep a well bred bull for using on their best grade cows to eet thls d Th emand . fi e ratio of increase in thorough-bred cattle in ebraska the past ~~~ t .

Th n years has been beyond the expectation of the mos s angume. for ~~~st noted advance has probably b een m a de in the bee f breeds, to th lch Nebraska is peculiarly suted, her situation being so central che e great cattl e marts, and h er corn and grass so a bundant and aply Produced w· . ever~th the. e feeding facilities an d an abund ance of p_ru·e· water (_n early ·a · quarter section of land in the eastern h alf of the State IS proVI · · · c}jmed With one or more springs of never faihng pure water ) , a so il <tn d t ate that has no equal for s tock raising , we pre dict that at no disant day 1\.T . th · '~~ebraska wiH take the highest rank in the pro d uctiOn of orough b both . - red cattle, including all the breeds most highl y esteemed coun lU. Europe and America. We have reports from nearly every b ty lU the State, and estimate that there are about four hundred r eeders 0 f t h orough-brc d cattle in Nebraska, at the present . . t1me.

NEBRASKA FISH CO~iMISSION . au!he DtlUlerous streams and lakes in the State will soon be utilized ·· a b un d ance and Prove of great value for producing -excellent .eLOO d In at a sman . . p . . t e parties . who b expense compared w1th growmg meat. nva are ave ~ lake, or spring sufficient to furnish water for a small pond, sue engagmg in fish culture for a family supply, and with excellent · no doubt but Nebraska Wlll · rank Wl·th any o f the W ce s. There 1s e tern tate . . . .

Th s lU th1s 1mportant mterest. ver ~St~te Commis'sion was created by legisl ative act in 1879, ''>i.tb a rnlted a-p propriation, sufficient only, at first, to collect stat.istics abili~ata relative to the location of streams and lakes and their adapt£ . Y to fish culture. During the three years, to 1882, 811,000 of Caliorma salmon fry had been hatched and planted.

anJ

In Ma.rch, 1882, the Commission purcbased a site of :fifty -t wo acr es, em bracing a fin e stream of water, and immediately established ponds, buildings, a dwelling house for the Superintendent, and appliances for carrying on an active a nd suceessful business, and h ave now six ponds adopted to breeding and handling brook trout, bass, wall-eyed pike, German carp and other varieties, a nd can batch, at one time, twenty million of eg·gs of the speckled trout, pike, or other fi·esb ·water fisb .

Since the purchase of this site, the Commission bas procured, Latched and planted the product of over 200,000 brook trout eggs. It b as also procured from the U . S. Commissioner, about 2500 German earp, of the mirror and scale varieties, a l:trge proportion of which h ave been distributed to persons who have constructed suitable ponds for their use, retaining at the fisheries a ;Suitable number for breeding, when they sh all become of sufficient age. The first lot was obtained at ~Tasbing­ ton, D. C., in December, A. D. 1881, of that season's product . In many pa.rts of t h e State this fish makes a great growth-in some instances h ave attained t.he leugth of nearly two feet at two and one-half years old, and have bred durin g the l ast summer.

The Commission h as at t he Santee Fish eries (P. 0. address South Bend, Nebraska); for breeding purposes, scvera.l thousand brool~ trout . JboW trout, Ca.lifornia trout, German carp and black b~ss ' rmi u • .

In April l ast, our efficient Superintendent, Mr. Martin E. O'Brien irected to go to Saginaw bay, in Michigan, and procure a quantity' was d . c ·rrs of the \ntll-eyed p1ke. H e procured several millions of eo·gs of e g o . o , brought tbelll to t he fish en es and suc~essfullay h atched them with a all percentage of loss, n,nd placed m th e streams and p onds in the sro t about two millions of healthy fry. These fish h ave survived and St-a e . , ·cellent o-rowtb , some tneasuring mght inches in lenrrtb. mal1e e l' o o Two years ago there was l ess than a half dozen private or artificial ds in the State. To-day, there are between forty and fifty well :fish pon ~ ·th fish for breeding a nd cult ivation for personal use and ' a l 1 stockec '' ber of persons ar e commencmg . ' the construction of ponds Dl large ·. nn for r aising carp for m:trket as well as for home use.

11 espeCJ:1 Y . . .

T.be Comroission purp~se to obta,m a lar~e number (1f possible, many . . ) of wall-eyed pike eggs, next Apnl, to be h atched and planted rollilOllS .

1 f .

St te . also to contm ue t 1e work o plantmg brook trout in the ·Ill the a ' t ' d t 'o them. · streams ac1ap e . . ..; 1 ated value of our propagatmg and hatclnng establishment The es"'n .

1 S and dollars. It is situated in the beautiful valley of the is ten t wn ' . . . . . abont twenty-five m1les from 1ts confluence w1th the MisPlatte nvei' '

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. nver,

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n ear the Santee l akes in Sarpy county, f t·o nl whiclJ it take • antee FISheries.

R . R . Ll VI GS 'l'O

W . L. MAY, B . E . B . KEN Fi s h

EDY,

onluJi s.·ion e r s .

INCREASE OF RAINFA LL. Thed yea rent . r 1Y extension of the rain belt westward lJa. beeu v e ry ap paextr unng the past few years and d ue advantage hn,s been taken by ' whiClJ . five years ago h a d only a scn.nty co~ em.e . western settlers. Lands venng now sen ~f b uffalo &rrass, the soil b aked by the bot s un s of sum1ner, are Which ~g up a growth of bl11e stem an(!. othe r stron g nn,tive grasses l ands sh ade the soil. This i s due to ' increased rn,in s . On t h e e wortbl 00 miles west of the Missouri riv e r , five year s ago vote d a eight bess for agricultm·e, in 1884 were fields of wb.en,t yieldiJJ g twentyto the bushels per acre; oats, forty bu b.el s, weighing forty - e ig bt pounds it-.-. ttshel; excellent crop . of rye and barley; corn of excellent qual0 "3'fote ne field 0 f 160 acr . es averagtn . g forty uush els p er n,cre; ::1 nd acres of What~: and fruit trees planted and growing. The question i s asked, able s t~e cause of this incr ease of moisture And t h e most r eason 1 . follows the plow. As the l a nd 1s . turned over, t h e o utton I· S, ram rain ish through e~!aan~ t~e moist~re gradually given back ~o th ~ atmosph e re some i t(l poration. Prof. Augb ey, of t he State Umvers1ty, hn,s made . . connection . . h t 1n. s s u b.:J eC t . I Jnme1n Wit diatel yn f resting exp erunents · S1X . inches sqW1re was marked out in a plowe d field and t'" a ter . a ram, e Soil t ak en up to the depth of a foot and carefully we.ighed. The' same,uw Jlrairie as repeated With . a sUnilar amount taken from the unbroken was fou;dfew yard · away. Both were dried and rewei ghed, when it as much tb~t the sample from the plowed groun d had lost nine t i mes , Which h admmstnre as t11at from the prairie . One had h eld the rain G rau off the other. roves am.on "" t'" and d f orest trees exert the same influence. The rain falllncr "' be givenueoff eca a ~e d 1eaves and undergrowth sinks into t.he g round to"' ward we gam. Judging by the p ast, as far:ming progresses westmay confidently expect a continued increase of rainfa ll.

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Th WEST OF THE lOOTH MERIDIAN . e yearl · Wester N Y Increase of rainfall h as attracted a ttention to l ands in n ebraska ' and a large extent b as been taken during the present year the route. tWest of North Platte, on the south side of the river al on()' rn~~bY so many thousands to Pikes Peak , over what ' then "'

wa.s a d esert of sn.url, cactus and sage brush , i s now a fa,r ming region, Fifty bush el s of rye, forty of oats and ba.d ey, h ave b een hn.rvested, with h eavy crop s of lu cerne. Well rip ened corn and a grand su ccess in tr ee grow th all t e1l of t h e vn.lne of t h ese western l ftnds. The most enthusi astic b eliever UJ tl1 e ,,-estern m ovemen t of ag ricul t nre m i ght be astoni sh ed to -day an d not b e s nxprised i f th e w h ol e sl ope f rom the base of the mountain s e a stward co u\d b e mad e an agriculttual r egion. Besides th ese, t h e grazin g l ands of th e w estern r egion a1·e not a s yet on the market for sal e, b u t cau b e l ea sad in quantities suitab le for stock growing, which g ives a s ure n.nu early return wit.b l arge profit . The shipments of cattle the present year t ell of the great value of t hese lands for m eat producin g, wher e a steer can b e grown on tbe na.tive gr·asses to th e age of t l tree year s for six d oll ar s; an d .no animal could be h eal tlti e r t h:tn on e g 1·mv u on t h e western p l a ins.

Th e facility of shippin g t h e produce of the farm without t h e expense of b:tulin g i t lon g distimces, i s a most impol'ta.ut feature in N ebr aslW· farmin g; an d as th e fa rmin g l and s ar e ope ned westward, as t h e r ainfall moves towards tbe occident, t h e r ailwass ,,. ill give t.h e same faciliti es as fast as the products a re ready for market.

WATER SUPPLY. Th e wh ol e of Nebraslm h~s an und erlyin g str ata of pure, fr esh water.

In t h e P l atte Valley t hi s is fo und in a g ravelly b ed eig ht to ten feet below the s urface. On t h e high l a nds it is fom1d at a greater d epth, costin g $ 20 for boring a nd t ubing a well seventy -five feet d eep. A windmill and pump set u p costs $ 150, so that for l ess than $200 an abundant supply of water can be b a d for domestic pm·poses, watering stock, irri gating gardens, etc. The wind power can al so be u t ilized for shelling corn, g rinding g rain for feed, and. man y other purposes. Those who h ave hau eastern experience with sprinas and runuinrr brooks, b 0 know th ey are liabl e to become im pure a nd often dry in the s ummer, and ice h as to b e broken for cattl e to drink water that i s too cold in wu1ter. T hose wl_JO have tried it give preference t~ the · high prairie farn1 where th ere I S such a regular an d a bund a nt s upply of pure water always at han d , an d can b e b a d at the house or in th e stock pasture, or wherever it is n eed ed. Abundant rain ~ give a full supply of soft water, and cisteru s can be cheaply m ade by cementing directly on the firm earth walls. No p 1trt of the agrict1ltural portion of the west can boast ~fa better water supply than N ebraslw .

WHERE NEBRASKA RAINS COME FROM. The r ainfall in N eb1·aska is from two clirecti_o ns, one from the west and one from t h e sou th . T h e l atter is brought by th e moist1~re laden

- ) 22 (clouds of the Gulf . b · b . ' w IC come nort h until they find a lowe r tempe rature and are then conde d d . . ..1~• nse an preCipitate d in s howers . From this uu·ection the most of o . . . . . ur ram I S received. 'l'he ·w inds from the Pacific 1 eave therr moisture o th of n e peaks of the Rocky Mounta.ins in t h e form snow, and start east · eva . comparatively dry, gathering by tbe way t h e poration from the Pl tt d lands wl . h h a · e an other streams, and ti.·om c ul t ivated uc ave absorbed · · dens · C prev10us ramfalls, aud deposit t h eir bm·m entral and Eastern Nebrask a .

WHO ARE COMING WEST "' Who are coming W t themselve d es and seeking wider fields a nd new h omes- for san sons'l Th . a business . th e answer 1s, men who have m a.de agriculture of prairie ~ de Eastern States, ahd who r eal ize the g r eat advantages an s for proclu · To-day the ld C!Dg m eat, combined with grain growing. wor -not th A I . the world- k " . e t a ntic States, but in the broadest sen se as s lOr that lnd' bl can bacon fo d lSpensa e article, m eat . . When our Am eriun a market 1· 1 · .

1t made a 0 t Ie non-working towns of Grea.t Britain revolution in th . ' the forge A d e powe'l' o£ labor, tha t powe r at the a nvil and · n the pra· · There is no In es is where corn a nd pork can be produce d . part of the w t than :Nebrask es where corn ·can be more sm·el y produced Th a, and then follows feeding. e opportunities in th.

-Qf :Nebraska .

IS western region are great. The w hol e front Is a grand c · Where fifty bu h 1 orn r egion, not excelled on the continent, 8 -rnh e s can be " e ea tern far grown on an acre at a cost of three dollars. . " , mer may ask h t . ls, 'eed catt le h ' w a IS to be done with it, a nd the answer Pastures. It ' ogs aud sheep grown on the gr azing lands, the free A . co ts less th d . · · . galll, the val f . an to e1IVer the gr am at a ra1l way statiOn. hi ue o mued £ d w ch are worth 50 . ee , corn aud oats, b arley and r ye ground, the fann er £ h per cent more than unground a r e a ll in r each of or ome use · ' Pumps the water . or shipment; and besides, the power which Th . grmds the grain. etimewiU soon cotue 1.

• grasses-blue g .

Wuen t 11ere will be an a bundance of ta me . h Iass, orchard d t · lll t e valleys Th ' an nnotlly on tile upla nds, and red t ,) p .h · ese and 1 . t ned, fully equ 1 t c ovei ave all proved a s uccess wherever a o tile g. · value for fall and . rowt11 m any Eastern State, an d l1e nce theil' ' spr1ng £ d' future. The want h ee JOg cannot be over-estim ated in the near ered with nati as not been felt while our prairies Lave been covboth milk 'andve grass rich in all the qualities necessary for producino· b buildincr of u ' · Th e g reat abundance of this h as caused the "' umerous crea r, . all the mark ts b <I!ler es, theJproclucts of which rank No. 1 in e ' oth East and West.

' m-

- ) 23 (Increase in value of we tei· n l a nds is. a point which demands the a t tention of those lookiu rr fo r new homes. The d ays of cheap agricultllral lands in t h e vVest w ill oon close, and this g 1·eat tide of western emigration must wande r over t h e g reat e xpa nse of w estern la uds to find h er e and t h er e a farm. In t h e r egions of rainfall, or wher e lands must be irrigated , every acre owned or c ultivated will bring a large per cent of profit. At the . ::un e Lime these lands are incr easing in ~alue daily, and farmers from th e Eastern States who have sold t h eir 100 an acre farms will want t l 1em.

Actual settl er s i s what is wanted to furnish the products d ema.n de d by the markets of the world. The bacon, flour, corn meal, butter and cheese of N e braska is called for across the ocean, a nd wher ever ller product~ h ave been sent the quality bas been approve d, and the d emand is in gre;.1.t excess of the possible supply, h ence the necessi ty of more production; and t h e rich lands growing daily in val ue, inv ite the skille d farmers to new homes of broad extent.

WH.A T I THE FUTURE OF NEBRASKA 'I Is a question which i s ~•sk ed to-day. From the present rapid a dvancement in population and productions, the old est inhabi tant cannot a n swer, but there is a firm ass urance tllat no W estern State whi ch in less than ten years can compar e with it in agricultnrel wealth. The great and increasing ad vance in grain and stock g r ov;ring, in mixed fa rming, dairying a nd other industries which a r e producing food that the m arkets of the world ca.ll for, all point to the 75,000 acr es of N ebraska lands as a region for p roducing the products in most de)na nd. The annual western movement of r ainfall i s shown by good crops realized west of the North P l atte, on l ands rich in all the el ements for grain producing, which only h a.ve h eretofore needed r ain to cover them with waving fields of golUen g rain. The experien ce of each succeeding year proves that there a re "no waste l a.nd s ." T h e "broken lands," as they are called in some parts of W estern Nebraska, are b eing r apidly taken by men who are engaging in stock g rowing, a nd th ese are offered at low prices, for sbeep and cattlP- lan ds. Lauds which will combine pasturage and produce g r ain for feeding, give a r eturn which answers the question, "vVbat i s the future of Nebraska 'l" T he success in g rowing forests and orch ards en sures great tracts of timber which will change the once treeless plains into a beautiful region of combined prairie and forest. This will be one of the b est featur es in the n ear " F utur e of Nebraska."

OPPORTUNITIES TO-DAY. There is room for the great w estward flow of settlers-the poor man who can take a homestead, and the eastern experienced farmer. The

- ) 24 (man who put-s up a sod cabin , ttirns over wllat h e can of prairie s od, receives the first year a crop of corn which in s ome of the western counties yielded in 1882, thirty bush els to t h e a r e . Oth e rs w ho s o wed flax on their breaking, got a crop which bl·ought nin e dolla r s p e r acr e , h ad plenty of the finest vegetabl es, hay for t h e cost of c u tting, a nd a t the end of the year fotrnd that they had realised a good profit for the l abor. Settling on t he prairie is different f rom plun g ing in to a r egion covered with timber. Nature seem s t o h 'lve provide d procection and food for man ariel beast; all that i s r equired is dilige nt l abo r and economy t o ensure an early r eward. The farmer or stock-grower, or both combined , can realize a competence a nd wealth h er e in a shorter time than in any other western State. Any person inte nding to co~e west can, through the reliable information publish ed, make up his mind where the best location cau be had.

••

STATE OFFICERS. 1885- 6 . ov rnor Crete.

H is Excell ncy Hon. J a m ·· '\\ · Da,,hlaJld. Hon . H . H . u cdd, Li u ten. u t ov rn or, :Bon. E . P . Rogg u , . c r ct:-u:y of trLt 'Lin c~ln ­ Hon. Charl H . \•V ill an1, 'tat Tr -a . nr r R bro~. l:I A Ba bcock Audi to t· P u b li c Ac ouuts 01d.

H on. · · ' · 8 ~·1 0 r1 c · · l" nblic L•Lnds :tnc1 B Ul"ll' c mgs, K em:n ey · .Hon . Jos. cott, omn ll. ,., • .

Ron . 'Villiam L eese, Attorn ey Geu eraJ, Sewa.rd. . . u T J o n es ' ur1 r in tende u t P u blic Inst ruction, Lincoln.

W W Hon. · · vv • ·' . . UPREi\lE JUDGES. Cbief Justice-AnHtSfL Cobb, L in coln.

Judge--Sam uel M:.Lxwe11 , l"rmuout.

Judge-i\L B . R eese, ' iVah oo. _ .

Clerk and Reporter- G uy A . Brown , Lulcolu.

DISTRICT JUDGES. First District--J. H . Bro~:tdy' Bro\Yn'irille.

Second District--S. P . Poun d , L i ncoln .

Tbil'd District--J alll •s Neville, Eleazer ' Vakel y, Omaha .

Fourth D istrict-A. M . Post, Colnmlms .

Fifth District--W m. I-I. Morris, C rote.

Sixth Di. trict--T. L. N orv:t1, Sewa.nl. _ Seventh District--.J. C . C r awford, vVos t Pomt.

Eighth Dis trict--Willi a m G a slin , ~r., Alm a .

N iuth Distri ct--F. B . Tiff an y, All.non.

Tenth District--Geor.rrc; F . H a,m er, K earney· D I S TRICT ATTORNEYS .

First Di.strict--IL vV . S:Lbin, Berttrice.

Second District--J. B . Strod e, P l attsn1outh.

Third District--Lee E;:;tolle, Omaha. . .

Fourth District--William Marshall, David City .

Fifth Distri ct-Geor ge Vv. Bemis, Sutton.

Sixth District--'rhomas Dn.ruell, St. Paul.

Seventh District,--V'V . F. Bryant, P on ca..

7

-) 26 ( -

- ) 27 ~ Eighth Di stri ct--W. S. Morton, A rapalJoe. Ninth District--E. M. Coffin, Ord .

Tenth District--J. W . Bixler, North Platte.

Hamil on 13. Lo'VJ' · M.

Edgar

MEMBERS OF CONG RE SS .

United States Senator-Charles H. V a n Wyck, c bras ka City.

United States Senator-Charles F. Ma nderson, Omal 1a .

Representative First District--A. J. Weaver, Fall s Cit-y.

Representative Second District--James Laird, H as tin gs .

Representative Third Distr:ict--Geo . W . E . Dorsey, Fremont.

REGENTS OF THE STATE UNIVERSITY. C. H. Gere, Lincoln; Leavitt Burnh a m, Omaha; J. M . Hiatt, Alma; E. P . Holmes, Pei~·ce ; J. T . 1\fallalieu, K earn ey ; M . J. Hull, Edgar.

GE1\TER.AL FACULTY OF THE U

IVERSITY .

Irving J. Mannatt, Ph . D ., Chancellor, a nd Professer of Political Science.

Henry E. Hitchcock, Ph . D. , Profes sor of Math ematics .

Bon. Oliver P. Mason, Professor of Me dica l Juri s prudence .

William S. Latta, M. D ., Professor of the Theory a.nd Practice of Medecine (Eclectic).

George McMillan, Ph. D., Dean of College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. Professor of Greek.

August H . Edgren, Ph. D ., Professor of Mode rn Langua ges.

J ames H. Woodward, M.D., Professor of Materia M e dica and Therapeutics (Eclectic) .

Robert R. Livingston, M. D., Professor of the Priuciple and Practice of Surgery.

Lewis E. Price, Ph. D., Professor of Geology .

Frede rick H. Righter, M. D., Professor of Obs tetrics and Diseases of Women and Children.

S.D. Mercer, M.D., Professor of Clinical Surge ry.

Grove E. Barber, M.A., Professor of Latiu.

Lucius A. Sherman, Ph. D., Professor of English .

William M. Knapp, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics and Diseases of Children .

Clement L. Hart, M. D,, Professor of Materia Medi ca. and Therapeutics (Horn ceopathic).

Charles E. Bessy, Ph . D., Dean of Industrial College, Professor of Botany and Horticulture.

L am·eston A. Merriam, M. D., Professor of the Principles and Practice of Medicine.

ndl

,

tary cie n e ~ nd T and Prncti e of or of th e Th or Ba.rtlett L. ai.n , 11. ro£ Medicine (Horn pa.t bi. ) .

G r of Hi tory· .

E eorge • . How ard 1\I. . Pro f e of tb Eye a.nd Eru:.

Lynn B. r:add I ro~ or of Di a e d Ph sics ' . ., . f Chemistl·y au y .

Huds on H . Ni bol u, M . A., I rof or o .

Professor Alb . 'ollego of Medecm ' ert R. Mit hell, '1. D., D a u of of Anatomy. . il Eu,.i.neering.

Ch<~l·les . Li.t....' e , . """". As ociat Pro~ ssor of C iv o d Lecturer J "L 'n tl·a.tol· of Ana.tomy, an a.thn.niel J. B a hl I. ., D e mons on Orthop d. ' J. • tng r y .

G"<nlecol ogy. .

(HoEli. Jah M. Whl' tt en, M . D ., LecttU:er on, J - Elec"L '-·o -Tberapeuttcs 1,_ C U<~.rles ?vi n· 1\ ... .

D Lectur·er on . lllsmoor, ••.._. ., f women mtnopn.tbic) . 1 Diseases o GeorO' · . r on SuJ'glca · be II. Parsell, 1\IL D ., Lecture f the Chest (H om.ceopu.t'. ) . Diseases o ~ ·uJ.c . . n OrganiC .

Rlc11al:d Cars . dd M D Lectlll·el o {H ca e n, . ., ..:~ceopatb.ic).

-..K teria Medica. lY.lll to L n lY.La. Physio1o.,cry . n_ a1.le ![ D Lectlll'er o John ]'. W ' . . , D Lecttlrel· on ..

Ell a.Yluan, M . ., _ . en_ Slllith 1\1[ A Recristrar. in Elocution.

Nits . -Ad .' . ., o Instructor . HistorY· e l alde Dearborn, tractor 10 L ,. 11 a.ues.

H ?'"ara W . Caldwell B. s., Ius ". ·n Modern. an~l Gree'k· Blon. 1-I C ' I structol l • in LatJJl a.n d AstronomY· Cba:rl e: ul-ver, B . s., n rostrnctOlor in physics au 8 T M E. Bennett, B . A., Instl·uc~ !,,o-ricuiture. ~ owl'Y Ilod!.!man, B . A·, tl·uctol' ID .E n"' d pn,iuting.

B..eury 1-I · ~ Ins in rr a.

Sara . Wing, B . Ag., . of Drll>« '~S. two acade m ic < h W . Moore Teachei s'l'DD:J!}N e during tile f the current ' ttendanc fixst term o Tb the a and the yea--rse fol~owing tn.ble shot~fs report, acad ru._aluly covered by d the _Al:ts1884 .

• e llllc y . . a:o 1883-134.

C0l ear .

S ie:oce 83 1 2 lege of Litera.tu.re, c 1 88 ~· 2 · 6 11 11

Gradu-ate students Seniors _ Junio1·~

_ So " - - - F Pho-rnores -. - sresl:txnen - - - - : speclal students - - ·y ~cond Year prepal·a.tol Fll:st Year prepara.torY

9

-

20 40 48 89

-

230

10 5 10

22 55

68

7 24 26

37 52

88

61

260

214

~·~r-~--------------------------------

- ) 28 (Industrial CollegeGraduate s tudents Seniors Juniors -Sophomores Freshmen Preparatory

0 4

u

1

;j

8 College of MedicineConserva tory of Music--

22 0

52

Total

288 Hospital fo1 · tl~e Inscvne,PUBLIC I/i!noo!tJ~INSTITUTIONs .

1

-

23

-

349

Fl. P . Mathewson, Superiutende nt.

Institute fo1· the Bl·ifnd, Neb-raska Oity .

Principal, J. B. Parmel ee.

Teacher and Matron, . Jr. Parmelee.

Teacher Literary D ep a rtment, L. M. EroteLkis s .

52

-

T Mclun·o of Sign Ct.,,., , J. A. McClure, F . L . Reid, F<>nuie M .

Fiend erson, Mary E. llende rs on, Lucy Butrick, T"""hen UUd C]a,, ., ' Otie P lum, Belle n udaou .

Dome.tic and Ind"'"iaJ Depa<tn>ent ' J. A. Gill-.pie, Ste ward; Marion S. Coe, t·se.Pie, Matron; J. C. D e nise, Physicia.u ; Mro. Ret., Z. N'u Gill"

A.,.,

o,.,

Inoti~cto,,

in Ind"'ti•ie, , s. F; Buckley, Cia,. in Priu ting; F . E. State N onnal Scltool, Per-ztMaynucd, Cia., in Caipentry; Mre. Annie Steele, Cia., in Smnug.

Geo. L Farnham, Principal.

State .Rifo''''~ Solwot, R ea?'ney_

un t.~· CO'O})l:ry

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C. J. :Nobes, Warden.

J. 0 . Carter, Physician.

Rev. P . W . Flowe, Chaplain.

State Fislt Co1!uniss·i on-

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R . R. Lhiogs ton, P lattsmouth.

B. E . B. K ennedy, Om a ha.

May, Fremont.

w~;;;;'. ~~.,

>}'~.,~p· ;~,.~.

Tho~< ·..·,~· ·•...... . . . . ..... · : . " " ' ' . . : : ........ ·:.J.P. Bo.•·Oo. OL. oo. v.,r.,. ··:.. w.:rar......... ·····.. T. G. "•• "" · · · · • .'.'.'.'. "R. wMoCI<mu . """""·

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---------

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Samuel C. Mullin, Superintendent.

State P enitentian'Y-

w . L.

0

282.

melee,Mumoat instrumDep"'""'•nt ental.

T'>che" , M . G . McGinn;, , vocal ; M.G. Par. Foreman of Shop, C. M. Scott.

Physician, D . W. Irershey.

Principal, J . A. Gillespie.

(-

0 13.

16

52

-·

'I'b e foU

2

-

25

- )

0 0

0 4 0

3 6

M. so" e r e •gn .. - - - · :· ·-

·

-) 30 ( -

following~

COUNTY SHERIFFS.

'rhe is a list of organize d COllnties and County o:fficially reported for the y ears 1884 and 1885:

- ) 31 (-

l! e r i ffs a s

CO}l NER FOR

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

SIQ!:J~ll'F. -------- ---·- -----11-- -------- - - - - - .<\.d a m s . . . . . . . . .. ... . .. . . . D. L. B a rlnas . . . . . J ohnson . .. .. . . ... .. .. . .. . W. W. 1\7ilson .<\.nte iope . ... . . . . ..... . ... M. B Hull.h,a n . . K~a,.,ey ......... . . .... . ·· D a v id T o wn send Boo ne .... ..• •.• ... .. .... Job E. G1·eeu .. ... K P.ilb . . . . ..•• • .. •.••• . . .. 111. D e p •·i e st COUNTY.

SHERIPF.

COUNTY.

B rown .... . . . .. .•.. . .. . .. H. J . Sin•p•on .... Knox . . . . ... .. .. . . . . . • . .. R e ub e n l3oll m a n Bn tra.Jo ..•. . .. .. • . . . . ... .. P . F . H :Sha rH. . . . La u cas t e r .. .... . . . ........ Sam M c li c k Bu t le r . . ... . .... ... . ... . . Jam es F enlon . .. . Liu coln . . •••••..•• •. . ..• •• R. J. l3aug.Bnrt . .• • . . . . .. . ... .. . . . . A. CrotvelJ .. ..•. Loup . ... ... .• ••..• .. . . . . A . C Caas . .. . .. . . . ... .. . . .. . . . J ·. C . Eikenuury ......• . . . .. G eo{fe D n '"i s Ce<iar .•. .•. .... . .. . . •.. . . . (;lemens .<l sbro . .. M e tnc k .. . . . . . • . .. . . .•. . C . 1 . 13 es t Cheyenne . ....•... .... . . .. S 0. F o,• Jer . . . . Nan ce . . . . .. ...• . •••• . . . . J. Zibbe ll C C,J:e_.; _r_y_.·.·.·.·.·.· .·.· .·.•••.· . .· .· .·.·.•.· .Tw_ .RH.K . e,.,'al<lr.. te.r .·.· .· . .· N e m a h a . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . J . .M:. F ow le !:

Ma~i~ol)

"'• ... ... . . ... . .. , ... . . -"J ohn McC UI·dy . .

Colfax Cuming . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . C. Rupp.. . .

Cnster .. · .. .. •. . . . ... ... . C. P . Foo te ......

D ako ta. . . . .. ... . . .. .. ... . W . P. R a thbun . ..

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.,.-.) 32 (In concludin g this pl a in st atement of th e great adva n tages offer e d

by Nebraska, to both capital n.nd l a bor: skille d l a bor to produce those Pl'oducts of the soil which capital can manufacture with profit a l ong aU her water- courses and for which markets a r e op en both E as t ~nd West; there i s one plain fact in evidence to w hich a ll usion b as not been made. Hundreds of men and t h eir wives h ave vi s ited this Expo Sition who, only a few short years ago, conimenced on th e bare prairie With nothing but a sod bouse and perhaps not even a team . To-da y, they are abl e to l eave in th e well trained h an d s of t h e boys a nd girl s, the cares of the fa;m, the h ousehold a nd the d a iry, and for a t im e e njoy the reward which i s du e every man and woman who toils in the valley of l abor, and that reward is leisure. Th e opportunity i s b ere offered to broaden an d d eep en those ideas of progress in ever y bra n ch of life 's work w hich will bring an increased profit without an in cr ease of l abo r.

Nature's offerings here are wondrous, wide a nd free ; l a nds \'Yith s oil rich, deep and l asting, which, covered with t h e rich verdtue of spring, l ook as if the gentle undula tion of the ocean had stood still, pastures of millions of acres of r ich g r·a sses, w ide m eadows without a n obstruction invite the b ay-mak er , an d pasturage of l imitless extent the stock-grower an d dairy-man .

The settler accepts what nature h as offered, a nd at once c omm ences to improve h er work and listen to h er t eaclJings . Along h e r numerous streams, protected from the prairie fires, he finds a natural growth o:f the finest native woods. He has p l anted on t h e highest table l a nd groves and forests of tbe same kinds, and to-d ay they a r e a waving wealth· eventy feet in height>orri v ing the ass urance that the whol e State . will be transformed from a "treeless p l ain" to a l an d ·with the fullest protection from s1.unmer's sun or w inter's blasts. H e .l1 as p l anted OI· cbards and vineyards, and to -d S:y presents h er b eautiful fr uit in successful competition with the world. He h as produced a wealth of t h ose essential things the world wants, a nd this i s causing the continua} building of branch railways, who are seeking. to carry these pr_o ducts to markets of which, from the central standpoint of t h e continent, he has a choice east or west. The great agricultural production h as cau sed the successful operations of the numerou s flow:ing mills, wool en mills, Dnseed oil works, creameries, packing houses, p aper mills , canning factories, and other w orks, \vith a clemancl for more to utilize her a lmost unlinllted water power. No Western State can offer su ch a combination of requisites for acquiring h ealth , indep endence, comfort and wealth as Nebraska does to-day.

•

BAR'"I:' ~ o:LDI STATUE_

Nebraska Depar-truent, New Orleans Exposition.