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Issue 58, March 2012

Tibor Sisa,

FC Kaposvari Rakoczi (Hungary)

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Contents

5 from the eDitor

In this issue, Oscar Moens, the former Dutch goalkeeper tells us that there is something to learn something from every coach or trainer. This is something that I totally agree with, and is the principle reason for publishing SCI.

18 tactics

Jelco oosterhof, deportivo lumbreras

28 training sessions attacking phases, part 6

40 Youth training

peter uneken, u15-trainer neC/FC oss

53, 54 neW in online shop

6

cover storY

Tibor Sisa,

FC Kaposvari Rakoczi, Hungary

Over almost 24 years, Tibor Sisa has had many success with clubs from Hungary, Slovakia, Kuwait and with Hungary national youth selections. He has been awarded the ‘Most Successful Coach’ award several times and special recognition from the Hungary football federation for his work with the Hungary U19 selection, who ended 3rd in both the U19 European Championship and the U20 World Cup. SoccerCoachingInternational’s Dusan Petrovic talked to the experienced coach.

46 goalkeeping

oscar moens start goalkeeping school

63 BraZilian Corner

No. 58 March 2012

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No. 58 March 2012

SoccerCoachingInternational is an e-magazine for soccer coaches all over the world from the publisher of TrainersMagazine, the Dutch magazine for soccer coaches.

The magazine publishes 10 Issues per year.

Chief Editor Paul van Veen Beatrixlaan 21, 2811 LZ REEUWIJK THE NETHERLANDS paul@soccercoachinginternational.com Publisher Sportfacilities & Media BV Visiting address: Steynlaan 19 B-D ZEIST THE NETHERLANDS Postal address: P.O. Box 952, 3700 AZ ZEIST THE NETHERLANDS info@soccercoachinginternational.com Phone: +31 (0)30 697 7710 Fax: +31 (0)30 697 7720

Managing Editor Tom van den Heiligenberg Translations Maaike Denkers, Hanne Meijers and Michael Francis Pollin Copy Editing Michael Francis Pollin Graphic Design Anton Gouverneur Tania Dimitrova Rumen Krastev studio@sportfacilities.com Editorial Staff Rogier Cuypers, Maaike Denkers, Tom van den Heiligenberg, Jeroen de Laat, Hanne Meijers, Dusan Petrovic, Michael Francis Pollin, Lars van Soest, Paul van Veen Copyright All rights reserved. Contents may not be reprinted or otherwise reproduced without written permission of the

Project Manager Floris Schmitz f.schmitz@sportfacilities.com

publisher.

ISSN 1571 - 8794

From the Editor

Dear Subscribers, Contributors and Partners,

In this magazine, Oscar Moens, the former Dutch goalkeeper, tells us that there is something to learn something from every coach or trainer. This is something that I totally agree with, and is the principle reason for publishing SCI. Although football has the same rules all over the world, it is very interesting to see that every coach has their own way to improve players’ ability and performance; through practice and in matches.

When I started coaching and I was also still playing, my current coach said, ‘you have to take some influence from other coaches you work with, possibly adapt it to your environment as you do not have to copy it entirely. And, almost 20 years later, something I still do when I read the articles like those in SCI or watching other coaches, is see if that could suit me, my players of my coaching/playing objectives. Always being open to learning and developing, adapting and changing to needs and objectives will improve you as a coach.

In this issue we have excellent learning opportunities from; Tibor Sisa from Hungary; Jelco Oosterhof, a former Dutch coach now working in Spain; Peter Uneken, a former professional footballer now working with NEC Nijmegen in The Netherlands, and also Oscar Moens.

I am sure you will enjoy reading Issue 58 of SoccerCoachingInternational, and that you will also learn something from it.

Best regards, Paul van Veen

No. 58 March 2012

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Cover story Over almost 24 years, Tibor Sisa has had much success with clubs from Hungary, Slovakia, Kuwait, and also with Hungary national youth teams.

He has been awarded the ‘Most Successful Coach’ award several times and special recognition from the Hungary Football Federation for his work with the Hungary U19s selection, who finished 3rd in both the U19 European Championship and the U20 World Cup. SoccerCoachingInternational’s Dusan Petrovic talked to the experienced coach.

By Dusan Petrovic Edited by Michael Francis Pollin

No. 58 March 2012

Cover story

tibor sisa, fc kaposvari rakocZi, hungarY:

Hard work and continuous development.....

When asked about his coaching philosophy, Sisa said “I cannot answer that in short, that is impossible. In order to answer that question you have to take many things into consideration. In Central-Europe, as in Hungary, where in the past our football teams and coaches achieved fantastic results, it is very difficult to be a coach. The financial resources are limited, there is not as much opportunity to buy players, and moreover they are very easily enticed away with lucrative pay-packets from Europe’s top leagues.

This means that we have to form a squad and team from other players coming up through the ranks and be forever resourceful.’

“if somebody believes in An ideA, then he will be trAnsformed into it” No. 58 March 2012

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Cover story

Types of coaches “Older coaches sometimes say that there are three kinds of coaches; One who buys players, another who is an educational coach and tries to teach young players and bring out the best in them, and the third who is just not suitable, but believes (mistakenly) that he can coach but actually I classify myself as the second but how others judge me may differ.”

“If somebody believes in an idea, then he will be transformed into it. Still I believe this. I think a good football player needs natural talent, but in my opinion there is not a natural-born coach. He has to learn and work respectfully and diligently to become the expert. I completed a 3 year course

No. 58 March 2012

then took a degree in football coaching at the University of Physical Education for an additional 4 years, and I have also got a degree in teaching and psychology.

Then I did my UEFA licences, achieving B, A and Pro Diplomas. Through all this knowledge and experience, I demonstrate my passion and belief in learning. I believe in hard-work and continuously education and developing myself as a coach. So I am doing my utmost to teach and educate the young players placed in my care.”

My goals with the team “I was in Kuwait when I got a call from Kaposvári Rákóczi FC from Hungary.

The team were struggling, and the then current coach had left the team. I had

Cover story

to rejuvenate the team but this club with limited resources and a meagre budget, even by Hungarian standards.

During the summer of 2010 I looked at 60 players, and from that selected a team to retain the club’s First division status. Fortunately my 7 years of work with the Hungarian National Team gave me the experience to pick up suitable players, cherry-picking from the Second and Third divisions. Then we enhanced their technical abilities, polishing their techniques and physically bringing them on to such a level that they could cope with playing at that standard.”

“After the first season, more than 10 players were taken from the club and we had to start all over again. Again, our new players came from the lower leagues and we became the second youngest team within the First division. This autumn we held on in the championship, we were a match for many of the big budget clubs, with only 4 defeats from 17 matches, but because of the inexperienced players we missed a few other opportunities with 11 draws. In the League Cup we qualified for the quarter-finals, which has never been achieved by this club before, which has been good for moral. The young players have really developed a lot, with two joining

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Cover story

the U21s team. So the most important thing is developing the team and individual players, but by selling the players we can maintain the club and can bring new, young and ambitious players to keep replenishing the squad. Although I have won trophies, I am still more delighted with the fact that five of my young players were members of the National Hungarian Team this autumn.”

Favourite system of play “Nowadays a great many football teams in Europe play a 4:2:3:1 system, but 4:4:2 and 4:3:3 are quite common too. The players coached by me are able to adapt into other teams without difficulties. So to educate marketable football players we have to accommodate the players to know, understand, and be able to play in different ways within different systems. This includes transitions of systems; I mean that it is easy to change to 4:3:3 from 4:2:3:1 by moving forward two wingers, and is easy to form 4:4:2 from 4:2:3:1 by moving the forward behind the other forward. In this way it is possible to reorganise to 4:4:2 or 4:1:3:2 but 3:2:3:2 is also an option. Of course we maintain and practise the basic elements, and besides, we can integrate these to new systems. All coaches try to play their own system but they have to accommodate to the individuals within their team, the balance of the team, the strategy and, of course, the opponent.”

No. 58 March 2012

Cover story

Technical aspects “At the University of Physical Education I wrote my dissertation on training creative players. For the practical coaching, it results in a performance with minimal interruptions, allowing them more freeflowing learning and development time.

Players like these exercises very much, but the most important point is they can develop a lot.”

Tactical aspects During warm-ups, I build up technical exercises with the main part of the training being about tactics, with, of course, conditioning exercises. I consider the presence of the ball important in every exercise, including warm-ups. It is important to build up the offensive and defensive team game, but I think we must not neglect the opposed game aspect.”

Physical aspects “In the golden age of Hungarian football, the technical short passing game was exhibition like, admired by, and aspired to from all over the World. Unfortunately it has gone through many changes, and nowadays too often the focus has fallen on victory. We now have to again set our sights on technical and tactical perfection; components of that game of yesteryear that were so effective and beautiful to watch.

As I said before, I always try to connect

all exercises (technical, tactical) with physical development exercises. No doubt it demands much more organization and planning but it is definitely worth it. One of the main aspects is the importance of exercises supporting the physical attributes of speed and strength training.”

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Cover story

Mental aspects “As I have mentioned, I have got psychological qualifications too. I think we have to educate our players not only teach them, and it is important to look after the player’s mind as well. A player has to be mentally strong and I believe that this aspect can also be developed. Positive ways of thinking can be achieved through psychological orientated activities; building towards achieving success is important.“ “Before the match I tell one of my stories in the dressing room. The players are usually touched by it, especially young players. On the day of the match I refer briefly to that

story before the team goes out onto the field. From feedback that I have received, this has helped players a lot”

The coaching staff “Our club is a small one, and our budget is low even by Hungarian standards. Within my staff there is an assistant coach, who also sits on the bench of the third team. I have got a goalkeeping coach and two masseurs, with one of them as the physio.

There is a technical manager who attends to the daily business of the team. There is a doctor working part time, a store-keeper, a secretary, a laundry woman and the club is directed by three presidents.”

“After the first season more than 10 players were taken from the club and we had to start all over again”

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Cover story

“So, in these circumstances, it is rather difficult to share work. There is a meeting every morning at half past eight, where I introduce the daily work to the members of the staff. Nowadays mobile phones and internet help a lot but I am old-fashioned, so I like personal contact. In the field the goal-keeper coach works according to my daily instructions. The assistant coach’s work is stretching and individual trainings. I work with the players because of the direct contact and the judgement of the players ‘momentary condition. The two masseurs have to report on the players’ condition 30 minutes before the training starts. So I can correct during the training. After the training they report on the possible injuries. The next training could be planned according to this.”

Preparation “Pressure often limits good performance but there are players who are motivated by it. Because I am a professional coach and these young people are placed under my care. I take my responsibility very seriously to help them to be able to deal with pressures, not just directly from football, but possibly other aspects of their lives. This is not just dealing with it for them, but giving them the ability and resolve to independently solve things for themselves.”

“pressure often limited good performAnce but there Are plAyers who Are motivAted by it”

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Cover story

A typical practice week Monday Morning

Wednesday Afternoon

(90 minutes at 80% intensity) • In the dressing room: evaluation of the game • technical warming up • endurance-technical and tactical exercises • 15’ individual training

(60 minutes at 50% intensity) • technical warming up • individual teaching • practice with parts of the team • free kicks

Tuesday Morning (70 minutes at 90% intensity) • technical warming up • speed strength exercises • 10’ individual training

Tuesday Afternoon (80 minutes at 90% intensity) • representation of the game of the opponent team • technical-tactical warming up • match practice

Wednesday Morning (70 minutes at 70% intensity) • technical warming up • special endurance improvement (tactical and technical)

Thursday Morning (50 minutes at 50% intensity) • technical warming up • technical- tactical exercises

Friday Afternoon (60 minutes at 70% intensity) • mental game preparation in the dressing room • technical warming up • speed exercises • practice of elements of playing • short game • free kicks • Announcing the starting 11

Saturday (match day) • Meeting in the dressing room 2 hours before the game • Match

Sunday - off

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Cover story

Passport Tibor Sisa Name:

Tibor Sisa

Date of Birth: 01-12-1960

Education: 1992 - University of Physical Education 1999 - UEFA B licence 2002 - UEFA A licence 2007 - PRO licence

Coaching career 1988 – 1991

SKSE U16

1989 – 1994

Hungarian National U21s

1993 – 1994

Hungary – Szécsény SE II

1994 – 1995

Kuwait – Al-Sahel U17s

1995 – 1997

Kuwait – Al Sahel

1997 – 1998

Slovakia – Filakovo Torna

1999 – 2000

Hungary – BSE

2000 – 2002

Hungary – Vác VLSE

2002 – 2003

Slovakia – Filakovo TC

2003 – 2004

Hungary – Budapest Honvéd

2004 – 2007

Hungary – Tatabánya FC

2007 – 2008

Hungarian National youth teams (U18, U19, U20, U21)

2008 –

2009 – 2010

Hungary – DVTK Hungary – Budapest Honvéd FC

2010 - current Hungary – Kaposvári Rákóczi FC

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taCtiCs

Jelco Oosterhof (37) made a virtue of necessity when he was confronted eight years ago with physical problems.

He was diagnosed with Bekhterev’s disease. Four years after the diagnosis, he decided to move to Spain with his family and they settled in Costa Calida, a town in the South East of Spain. The move turned out to be good for both his body and his football heart.

By: Lars van Soest Edited by Michael Francis Pollin

“i wAnt to teAch my plAyers About my belief in the three options.”

No. 58 March 2012

Tactics

Jelco Oosterhof, Deportivo Lumbreras:

“A mistake can be the perfect learning opportunity” “When you are on the training pitch with the mountains in the background and the sun is shining, I think how lucky and privileged I am; to be coaching football and working with like minded people in such a beautiful and enjoyable setting.” Jelco Oosterhof certainly feels he made the right decision in moving to Spain, as the climate has had a positive effect on his body and he is enjoying the Spanish lifestyle with his family, and of course the football. Jelco confirmed this, saying, “I am truly enjoying my life here! Although I sometimes do miss my friends from back home and my work as a teacher, the climate and circumstances here are great for me and my health.”

received several differing opinions, such as a burn-out, fibromyalgia and stress related conditions. He would take the prescribed medication, but nothing seemed to remedy his condition. Eventually he was told he had Bekhterev’s disease, and the diagnosing doctor recommended he moved to a different climate. Oosterhof followed his doctor’s advice and moved with his family to Costa Calida, in the Murcia region in Spain. Oosterhof and his wife started a holiday business and he also started his own football school. That is how he ended up at Deportivo Lumbreras, a football club in the Spanish fifth division (Preferente Autonómica).

Across the border

Deportivo Lumbreras

Life and living is good now for Oosterhof and his family, but that was very different only a few years ago. He was only 29 when he was confronted with physical problems as he gradually became more fatigued and had constant pains in his arms, back and neck. He went to many doctors and

“In September 2010, I received a phone call from Deportivo Lumbreras, just after they fired their coach and I was considered as a candidate, but eventually they opted for a Spanish coach. I continued to work on my own business and also my football school, until I received another phone

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Tactics

call in February 2011. Deportivo were not doing as well as they had hoped and the President of the club wanted to know if I was still interested. I went in for a meeting and talked to several members of the board and some of the staff. There was instantly a good relationship and not long after the meeting, we finalised the deal.”

It was a dream come true for Oosterhof, but he did not have much time to enjoy his appointment as Head coach. “There was a lot of work that needed to be done. The team were having problems; no motivation, lack of confidence, very little respect and discipline, poor kit and equipment...and the list went on and on. Some players would not even show up for coaching practice if there was another big match on, and that was perceived as acceptable!”

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Getting acquainted So where did Oosterhof start? And how did he resolve all these issues? “We started by focusing on the factor of fun; enjoying coaching sessions, playing and enfranchising All within the club. We played a lot of fun games, such as 3V3 or 4V4, with as much free play as possible, and, for example, the winner stays on, with the main priority was to make sure we provided a more relaxed and fun training environment.

I also spent a lot of time getting to know the players, both as footballers, as well as people. Besides the practical part of sorting the abilities of my players, it was also socially important as I needed to know what kind of personalities I had in my team.

A coach should always know his players, as a teacher should know their students not all kids are alike; it is the same for football and the players.’

Tactics

Relegation When Oosterhof joined the team they were already battling against relegation throughout the 2010-2011 season, and that did not change after his appointment.

“Unfortunately we continued to struggle.

Although we created a lot of scoring opportunities, I feel we were lacking a striker. The team play was good and continued to develop and improve; I was quite satisfied with the team’s new found mentality, but the results were still not coming.”

Communication is a strength of Oosterhof, and he did not have problems getting his messages across to his team with his Spanish language and interpersonal skills.

“My Spanish is good enough to get my message across, and whenever there is something personal we have to discuss I ask my assistant, Bennie Witte, to translate.

His Spanish is perfect, so sometimes he will talk to the players on my behalf. The match analysis is done in English, Bennie then translates what I say for those players that do not understand, and that actually works quite well.”

Southern Europe Like any country, Spain has its own unique football culture. “You will see the typical southern European things here. I, for one, am not allowed to talk to the linesmen and if I do I will be sent to the stand immediately. Besides that there is a lot of acting and the referees seem to go along with the performances from the players.

I told my players that I do not want them behaving like that; I want them to show respect. Working in another country means that there will be cultural differences, some I am not willing to accept, but for the most part I have to adapt and deal with it.”

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Tactics

Adapting As a foreigner in Spanish football, Oosterhof is trying to adapt, but that does not mean that he has to abandon his ‘Dutch’ vision on the game. “I am trying to find a good mix between the Spanish and Dutch playing styles. The big difference between these two styles is that here in Spain they play with quick, short passes, while in Holland we try to go deep as quick as possible. Here they play a lot more in front of the defensive line, a lot of short, quick passes to find the opening. That is part of the Spanish playing style and most of the players master this well, with the fundamental tenet being; a lot of movement in small spaces.”

The most important thing Oosterhof wants to teach his players is that there are always consequences to their actions on the pitch.

“I therefore spend a lot of time a tactics, something the previous coach did not

No. 58 March 2012

spend as much time on. The players were walking around the pitch without any vision or any idea of strategy. Because I started half way through the season, I did not want to overload them with tactical elements, so I focussed around some basic (but still important) principles of play, which made the players more aware of their position on the pitch and the consequences of their actions.”

Recognising positions He was amazed to find out that a lot of players had trouble recognising their own position on the pitch. This is not exclusive to Deportivo or its players, as you may see it anywhere and at any level of the game. I do not want to sound old-fashioned, but when I was a kid we used to play on the streets between houses, trees, garbage cans, and anything else you would find on a street.

This taught me to recognise positions and situations on the field, because you have

Tactics

to be more aware of your position spatially; what is going on around you and also further away (in and around the ball, and away from the ball).”

That is why he normally starts his sessions with a positioning exercise. “Every player takes his own position on the pitch and they play a possession game. I sometimes stop the play to ask questions: Where are you now? Where are you going? What are you doing? Why? What consequences do your actions have on the other players? We do this for ten minutes and then we start the rest of the session.”

“With a limited amount of CONTACTS , players will concentrate on how many times they can touch the ball” so as a simple example, in a passing and shooting exercises the player on the ball will have 3 passing options.”

Wrong choices

Oosterhof started the current job in February 2012, and he immediately started to implement his coaching and training on several specific tactical aspects. Firstly out of possession, then in possession, and after that pressuring the opponents. “Shifting and dropping by the strikers, midfielders and defenders. When, where and how do we apply pressure, and also, when not?”

“It is great to see a player do something unexpected,” says Oosterhof, “I really enjoy that. Sometimes the unexpected choice is the wrong one, but that is okay. Wrong choices or mistakes can be the perfect learning opportunities. When a player makes a wrong choice or a mistake, they will be ‘in the moment’ of choice/decision which is the opportune moment to coach; to guide and facilitate to possible different choices.”

Oosterhof’s training sessions frequently have a similar focus. “I want to teach my players of my belief in ‘the three options.’

Within my vision, players must always have choices and they have to come up with their own solution. At this level I want them to be able to have (at least) three options,

So how does Oosterhof do that? “I usually work with a 4V4 exercises, because you can coach so many different match elements within a 4V4 (the 1V1, 2V1, pressure or no pressure can feature within that setup).

You can also place lines together, so there are players who have to work together in

Tactical aspects

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taCtiCs

“A coAch should AlwAys know his plAyers, As A teAcher should know their students”

No. 58 March 2012

taCtiCs

a match. Furthermore, it is a small setup, which forces players to have to make more choices by anticipating more. For a coach it is important to pay attention to the right aspects in a 4V4, such as passing to the correct foot, ball speed and communicating that the player wants the ball and where they want the ball.”

Being themselves Within these criteria, Oosterhof wants his players to be able to be themselves.

“Having fun is important, and I do challenge my players to think for themselves. I hope I give all my players the feeling they can be themselves and that they are enjoying themselves.”

In order to accomplish this Oosterhof works with a set pattern. “We always start with 3 touches, then free play, two touches, free play and end with one touch. This method works really well with this group, because there is a good balance between their preferences and mine. I like playing with 2 or 3 touches, the players prefer free play.

It is a good mix in terms of concentration as well. With a limited amount of touches, players will concentrate on how many times they can touch the ball. In free play that concentration will shift to making the right choices, because they will not have to think about the number of touches.”

- Team of four score on large goal with goalkeeper - Team of six scores in the two smaller goals - Build up start with the goalkeeper0 - Handling speed - Moment of passing - Passing to the correct foot - Moment of asking - Transition to possession - Transition to opponent possession

EXERCISES

ORGANISATION

- Ten players and one goalkeeper - Pitch size: 40x50 metres - After twelve minutes rotate the team of four

PROGRESSION

6 V 4 + gOALkeePeR

COACHING

1

23

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taCtiCs

ORGANISATION PROGRESSION

- Place the cones as illustrated - Players must move away from the cones, they serve as direct opponents - Movement off the ball by central player to distract - When the striker is in possession the central player joins for the give-and-go - Winger moves of the ball and receives the ball in his run

3

10 V 5

- Blue and red play 10V5 against white - Rotate after several minutes, i.e. blue and white against red - Play on possession

PROGRESSION

ORGANISATION

PAss, WALL PAss, DeeP PAss

- Start with free play, then limit the number of touches to 2 - Ten consecutive passes = 1 point - Team of 5 can score by dribbling the ball out of the playing area

VARIATION

EXERCISES

2

- Add a large goal with a goalkeeper, team of 5 can score here - You can also play 5V5 with 5 neutrals on the side

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training sessions

training sessions

26

training sessions from arounD the WorlD

Attacking phases, part 6 Edited by Michael Francis Pollin

No. 58 March 2012

Anyone who knows anything about football will know that it is the only sports in which a team can dominate an entire match and still lose. A team can dominate possession, the number of chances, the number of set plays, and yet fail to win the match.

Football, like all offensive sports, can be broken down into ‘phases of play,’ with the team that demonstrates competence in most of these phases theoretically having the better opportunity to emerge victorious.

By definition, a phase of play involves at least two lines of a team, such as the defensive and midfield lines, or the midfield and forward lines; very often at least part of all three lines are involved.

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training sessions

training sessions

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Training Sessions

The Attacking Phases

training sessions

Attacking and building-up The moment of transition

Build-up in the opponents half

ATTACKING

Counter-attacking

Transitioning to attack Build-up from the back

DEFENDING

• • • • • •

Attacking and build-up play Build-up from the back Transitioning to attack Build-up in the opponent’s half The moment of transition Counter-Attacking

In this part of training sessions from around the world we will focus on the last of these six phases: Counter-Attacking

Zone 6: Counter-attacking As a tactical strategy, counter-attacking is different from regular transitions of play. As a pattern of play, fast transition is always encouraged. Counter-attacking is, however, an attacking strategy which is then used as a primary mode of attack. A team which uses this mode of attack (can sometimes) encourages the opponent to move forward with the ball, then exposing the space behind them. The counter-attacking team then tries to gain possession and attack using the space left by the opponent with a quick breakout attack strategy.

Counter-attacking as a strategy can be used for the following reasons: • Superior opponent: when you have an superior opponent you want to protect the space in behind and around your own penalty area in numbers, leaving only one or two strikers to attack with relevant support and movement • Inferior opponent: when the opponent uses the above strategy, some teams opt to play low pressure to draw the opponent out, exposing the space behind them • Climate: when playing in hot and humid climate this strategy may be opted for to conserve energy • Lead protection: when protecting a lead, teams may opt to stay back and defend, leaving on one or two strikers at the halfway line to attack

No. 58 March 2012

• Man down: when a player is sent-off, many teams revert to low pressure defending and leave only one striker high (i.e. 1-4-4-1) • Fast striker: when a team has a fast striker they may opt to play low-pressure defending and leave the fast striker high to counter by using his speed When opting for a counter-attacking strategy you should coach your team to work as a unit, with high levels of discipline and they must be able to recognise situations and demonstrate patience. You must also consider where to start defending with pressure, for example, your highest player will start at the middle circle. You must also think whether you want to force your opponent in or out, and when to intercept and transition. The interception usually occurs after a tackle, an interception of a pass, when the goalkeeper cuts off a cross or shot or with a set-play.

Once your team has gained possession they must recognise whether to pass or dribble the ball forward. Dribbling takes longer, but is a safer option, while passing is fast, but there is a higher risk of the ball being intercepted again. The following exercises will help you to teach your team how to counterattack effectively.

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training sessions

Training Sessions

30

training sessions

WARM-UP PAssiNg

training sessions

1

GK

A

1

C

4

3

2

B

2

B

D

3 A

C

4

D

1

PROGRESSION

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: Warming-up pitch size: ¾ pitch players: all age: u16-adults duration: 15 minutes

ORGANISATION

GK

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-

Setup 2 organisations on ¾ of a pitch as illustrated Rotation system 4 stations per organisation (A-D) All positions have at least 2 players

-

GK throw to 1 1 receives, controls and passes to 2 2 turns open and passes to 3 3 passes back to 2 2 passing into 4’s run 4 crosses, goalkeeper saves Execute on both sides simultaneously Rotate positions: A – B, B – C, C – D, D – A

training sessions

10V7 3

4

2

5

8

7 6

6

8

7

11

5

2 9 3

PROGRESSION

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: transition to possession with an immediate counterattack pitch size: 他 pitch players: 17 age: u16-adults duration: 15 minutes

ORGANISATION

1

- 他 of a pitch with a red zone at one end and a goal with goalkeeper on the other end, as illustrated - Counter-attacking team (yellow) plays with 10 versus 6 + goalkeeper (blue) - Goalkeeper start every plays by passing the ball to 7 or 8 - In the red zone 6 yellows play against 3 blues o Blue plays on possession (5 passes = 1 point) o Yellow must gain possession as soon as possible and pass deep immediately - After yellow has gained possession 2 of their players from the red zone may join the attack, 1 of the blue players will do the same, creating a 6v4 - The 6 yellows must score within 20 seconds of gaining possession

No. 58 March 2012

training sessions

2

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training sessions

training sessions

3

BUiLD-UP PLAY Vs. cOUNTeR ATTAck

Build-up team Max. 4 passes

Build-up team Max. 3 passes

Build-up team Max. 2 passes

Build-up team Max. 1 pass

No. 58 March 2012

COACHING

PROGRESSION

ORGANISATION

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: develop the ability of teams to counter attack. pitch size: 80x70 metres (adjust depending on level) players: 9v9 age: u14-adults duration: 30 minutes -

Full pitch (120x90 metres) split into 4 zones of approximately 22,5 metres each 8V8 (+2 goalkeepers) Systems of play for both team: 3-3-2 The counter attacking team (yellow) can be set up in a 3-2-3 formation to encourage more direct play if needed - An assistant coach (or extra player) monitors the number of passes each team is using during each possession - Teams play with a different set of rules.

- The team building up (blue) is limited to a certain amount of passes within designated zones on the field. Zone A = 4 passes maximum, Zone B = 3 passes maximum, Zone C = 2 passes maximum, Zone D = 1 pass maximum.

- Build-up team must have all its players in the attacking half to score. This rule will help to create space behind the defensive line of this team to encourage good counter attacking opportunities.

- The counterattacking team (yellow) is limited to 5 passes total on each possession. Meaning to have a successful attack on goal they need to play direct and in a counter attacking style.

- If a team violates one of these rules an indirect free-kick is awarded to the opposition.

- Awareness to recognise opportunities for an effective counter attack. i.e. Space behind the oppositions defending line, numbers forward, build up team has committed many players forward, etc).

- Countering team should play with a distinct style press hard in their attacking third to attempt to win possession high up the field. OR drop off and invite the opposition to play into their half before trying to intercept and then attack quickly using a counter attack.

- The build-up team should spread the field using the full backs and wide players. Maintaining a ‘half moon’ shape with the defending line to switch the play and maintain possession. They should remain composed and patient in their play choosing to go forward when appropriate using combinations and dribbling into space to attack.

- Transition speed is important to catch a team using a counter attack.

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training sessions

training sessions

training sessions

8 V 8 iN 3 ZONes

3 9

5 11

7

ZONE B

ZONE C

2

8

6

6

8

7

11 5

9

No. 58 March 2012

ORGANISATION

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: transition to possession with an immediate counterattack pitch size: 他 pitch players: 16 age: u16-adults duration: 15 minutes

2

3

ZONE A

training sessions

4

PROGRESSION

34

- 他 of a pitch divided into 3 zones (A, B, C), as illustrated - Both teams play 3-2-3 - 2 goals, no goalkeepers - One player from each zone may move into the next zone, players may not move back - After gaining possession both team must think deep immediately - Score by going through the middle zone (B) = 1 point - Score by skipping the middle zone (B) = 2 points

training sessions

FAsT BReAk

PROGRESSION

- 40x20 metre pitch - Play 3V3 (+2GK) - The team in possession plays a player up when in possession - The team in possession has 10 seconds to score, otherwise they lose possession (i.e. an indirect free kick is awarded).

- The player that plays the ball out of bounds or gives away possession exits the field and waits at the half way line. The player on the opposite team can re-enter - Progress to: team in possession is limited to 2 touch play

COACHING

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: develop the ability of players to transition from defensive to attacking positions quickly pitch size: 40x20 metres players: 8 age: u12-u17 duration: 15 minutes

ORGANISATION

training sessions

5

35

-

Quick transition from defensive position to offensive position Look to play the ball forward early Encourage the players to make a big space Transitions on and off the field should be quick

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36

training sessions

hOLDiNg OFF The DeFeNDeR

No. 58 March 2012

PROGRESSION

phase: possession team function: Counter-attacking objective: holding off the defender to score in a quick counterattack pitch size: 40x20 metres players: at least 3 age: u14-adults duration: 10 minutes

ORGANISATION

training sessions

6

- 40x20 metre pitch - Play 1V1 after a pass from the midfielder - In one of the corners on the attacking half, mark out a 10 square metre area with a small, coned goal in it - The midfielder passes the ball into the attackers run - The attacker must take full control of the ball at this point - The defender starts his run as soon as the pass is made and his first action is to hold up the attacker - The attacker should change his pace to fool the defender - The defender cannot attack the ball until they get into the marked-off area - Once they get into the marked-off area, the attacker must try to lose the defender with a move and try to score between the two cones

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38

youth training

Peter Uneken has more than 400 league matches in professional football to his name, but as a coach he is still a novice. The 39 year old youth football coach joined NEC/FC Oss Academy last summer and the former defender is currently responsible for the U15s.

Text: Jeroen de Laat Edited by Michael Francis Pollin

No. 58 March 2012

youth training

peter uneken, u15s coach nec/fc oss:

“Coaching is about making players ware” “Training and educating kids is something I inherited from my parents, I come from a very education orientated family. I myself did the ALO, with the academy for physical training, but because of my career as a professional footballer I did not get to finish that study. During my educational years, I never actually made that link between that and football, although I did form the link later. When I just turned 30, I consciously decided to extend my contract at FC Den Bosch for 3 years. This way I could worked on my career as a coach besides my own performance on the field. I worked on achieving my coaching qualifications, and went on to work with the U17s at FC Den Bosch. In 2007, I went to Helmond Sport, where I played for two years and also trained the U19s. After the 2008-09 season, the club directors decided not to extent my contract at the last moment, which was disappointing because I would have loved to play professional football for just one more year.”

“Because of this I was able to focus on my (future) career as a coach. I decided to start the Coach 1 licence programme and therefore did an internship at the U17s of FC Den Bosch. Half way through the season the coach of the U13s at that club left, so I took over that role. Last season I did the U17s. I had set some objectives for myself and wanted to work full-time, something that was not possible at Den Bosch at that time. Marcel van Helmond accommodated an internship for me and he was following that course together with Teun Jacobs, head of the football academy NEC/FC Oss. That is how we got in touch.

They were looking for a coach for their U15s and offered me a full-time job.”

The use of Video images “In every way I notice that this was a step forward when compared to FC Den Bosch. NEC/FC Oss is a Regional youth academy, which has to meet the KNVBs higher criteria and standards. The laundry

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Youth Training

leave the station at half past four again to bring them home. Our players have a LOOT-status, which means that school will take their top sport activities into account.

At twelve o’clock school finishes, they walk to the training complex in five minutes and have to be out on the field at exactly twelve twenty-five. Around quarter to two we are finished, and they have to get dressed quickly, because at half past two the lessons start again. This is the routine five days a week. “

Training in the ‘norm’

is always ready, transportation is arranged, the kit, equipment and resources are the best, nutrition and refreshment are catered for, as well as two excellent artificial turf pitches along with other facilities. For me as a coach, the facilities are important; a big coaches’ room where we can also sit with the players and every match is being filmed and later processed into video images. I use those in the match preview and review.

I could even have my training sessions recorded, but I have not used that yet.”

“The players at NEC are being coached intensively. They arrive at quarter past eight in the morning at school and the buses

No. 58 March 2012

“At the beginning of the season (September), I have a POP-conversation (personal development plan) with each individual player. Frequently asked questions are; what have you done well, what do you want to improve, what is your objective?

On that basis, I tailor the training sessions.

I sometimes will ask the players if he thinks he is on right path to become a professional football player, and that goes as far as to question his attitude, deportment and his behaviour. Every minute a player is at NEC, he must give his absolute best, and that is what we call ‘training in the norm.’ It is not only about those five training sessions and a match every week, we also keep an eye on them outside these hours. We stay closely in touch with school and we have people around the stadium who watch everything.”

Youth Training

Making aware “Training players is mainly about making them aware of two things; why are you here, and what is your objective? Making them aware is something I do with POPconversations, video images, meetings and lots of individual coaching. As a coach you have an important task in the awareness aspect, but eventually the player himself must be motivated. There are no basic rules of how to deal with this. Everybody has a different core quality, every human is different. One picks things up very quickly, the other has to work harder to achieve the same level and everybody reacts differently to a certain situation. That is difficult for a coach, because you have seventeen

individuals around you, and besides, you also have to deal with your own character.

You will have to find your own way.”

“I like to let the players take the initiative, make them responsible, I give them freedom and let them experience things for themselves. But with this team, that process does not establish itself automatically.

There are a lot of quite reserved players in the group who show little, if not no initiative, so I have to coach them a bit more than I would like to. I have asked myself how I have to teach them, to let them take the initiative themselves. With this group that can be done by me imposing myself more and being more dominant as a coach. “

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Youth Training

Higher bar “I tell my players that this is the most important year in the academy. We do not have an U16 team, so half of my team will be turned down this summer. That part will be difficult, but that is how a professional club works. They all train hard and I would love to let all of them play, but in the end the best eleven play on Saturday. This requires an explanation towards the substitutes; why they are not in the starting eleven. If you explain that in the right way, they often accept it more easily. Sometimes they also ask for an explanation themselves. Which is fine, that is part of my job. It is the most unpleasant part of being a trainer, but it is part of football, and it only gets worse the older they become.�

No. 58 March 2012

Youth Training

“At NEC the bar is set higher than I was used to whilst at FC Den Bosch. We have a lot of meetings with the technical staff and I notice that coaches, who have been at NEC for longer, expect a high standard.

They work with a ‘norm’ of training which I was not used to at Den Bosch. I had to get used to be more demanding of my players.

Maybe I still do not always do that, but that now is my learning objective. What is most important is the development of the players; results are secondary. We have a number of players, who are in the KNVBteams in or the district team and even one player (Mitchell Zwartepoorte) who was part of the U15 national team initial selection.

Something like that is wonderful.”

as being so positive. I learn something from every coach, and although you cannot copy someone, because every human being is different, it is possible to take aspects that might suit you.”

“I now feel I am in the right place as a youth coach at Nijmegen. I do not have the feeling that I want to become a head coach in the

Margins “I still look at myself as a novice coach, although I have learned a lot during these past years. The benefit is that I have already been able to have a good look around at three clubs. At NEC they have a clear vision and way of working and I like that because I need structure and sense of ordinance and control. We have three meetings per week with all the coaches and in those meetings a lot of details are discussed.

I would say I learn something every day.

In my professional career I have also seen how it should not be done. I learned positive things from Theo Bos as his way of working and his personality really struck me

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Youth Training

“I still look at myself as a novice coach, although I have learned a lot during these past years” near future, as it is way too early for that. A role as an assistant-coach or head of youth academy is something that suits me more.

I have played there at FC Den Bosch for eight years and coached for several years.

I knew everybody there, whilst at NEC I still

have to find my way. As a coach, I have also followed the course the other way around; from the U17 and U19 to the U13 and now the U15. I now have the ambition to coach the older age-group teams at NEC in the upcoming years.”

Passport Peter Uneken As a player Youth teams 1990 - 1993 1993 - 1999 1999 - 2007 2007 - 2009

WHC, VVOG Vitesse FC Emmen FC Den Bosch Helmond Sport

As a trainer

Name Date of birth

Peter Uneken 4 February 1972

No. 58 March 2012

2006 - 2007 FC Den Bosch U17 2007 - 2009 Helmond Sport U19 2009 - 2010 FC Den Bosch U17 (internship) 2010 FC Den Bosch U13 2010 - 2011 FC Den Bosch U17 and scouting 2011 - Present NEC U15

youth training

- Pitch size: 60 x 50 metres - The team building-up plays with 1 goalkeeper, 4 defenders and 2 midfielders - The defending team plays with 2 defenders and 3 midfielders - The team building up can score on the three small goals, the defending team scores on the large goal - High pace, passing the ball around quickly - Initiative of the defenders to go into midfield (create a supernumerary) - Midfielder should not ask the ball too quickly, allow defenders to dribble the ball into midfield if space allows - Midfielders should move in relation to each other, not all towards the ball, go positioned behind each other

ORGANISATION

ZONe DeFeNce iN cOOPeRATiON WiTh The gOALkeePeR

- Pitch size: 60 x 50 metres - The scoring team plays with 1 goalkeeper, 3 defenders and 3 midfielders - Both teams score on a large goal - The defending team has 25 seconds to score

COACHING

2

EXERCISES

ORGANISATION

BUiLD-UP DeFeNDeR iN cOOPeRATiON WiTh The MiDFieLDeR

COACHING

1

45

- The midfielder of the defending team pressure the opponent 2 controlling midfielder - Defender move according to the ball - Provide cover - Central defenders; who cover the opponent and who is free?

- Do not go back to far: defend away from the goal - Defenders are being coaches by the goalkeeper

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youth training

geTTiNg OUT OF A OUTNUMBeRiNg siTUATiON (3 AgAiNsT 2)

COACHING

ORGANISATION

EXERCISES

3

-

Pitch size: 40 x 30 metres Attacking team plays with 3 attackers Defending team plays with 2 defenders and a goalkeeper The attacking team scores on a large goal The defending team scores on two smaller goals The goalkeeper or defender starts with a long ball to the attacker who waits on the opposite end line between the small goals - The attackers receive the ball and try to score - The 2 defenders sprint away from the goal and must try to intercept the ball as far away from the goal as possible and score on the other side -

Speed on the ball Ball speed Movement off the ball Choice between passing or individual move Use the entire pitch Defend away from your goal Defender must pressure if they can (force attackers to the sides)

No. 58 March 2012

youth training

iNTeRRUPTiNg The BUiLD-UP BY The sTRikeRs iN cOOPeRATiON WiTh NUMBeR 10

COACHING

ORGANISATION

EXERCISES

4

47

-

Pitch size: 45 x 40 metres The disturbing team play with number 10 and 3 attackers The team building up plays with 1 goalkeeper, 4 defenders and 2 controlling midfielders The team building up score in two small goals and the disturbing team on the large goal The disturbing team chooses the moment to pressure and scores after intercepting the ball

-

Pressure as a team Choose the right moment to pressure Back are free, so wingers come inside and guard the line to the midfielders Strikers executes pressure between the central defenders so they are unable to pass to each other Wingers move inside between the midfielders and the central defender whenever pressure is executed on the other side - Number 10 executes pressure on the midfielder on the side of the ball

No. 58 March 2012

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youth training

ORGANISATION COACHING ORGANISATION

iMPROViNg The hANDLiNg sPeeD

- Pitch size: 25 x 20 metres - Both teams have 1 goalkeeper and 4 players - Both team score on large goals - Search for the open space - Look at your continuation options before you receive the ball - Handle quickly under pressure - Take your time when you can - Increase difficulty: maximum 2 touches or at least 3 touches

6

COACHING

EXERCISES

5

PAssiNg AND FiNishiNg

- Half a pitch - At least 6 attackers, 1 defender and 1 goalkeeper - Player A passes to player B, who passes back into player A’s run - Player A crosses the ball to player C, who receives and passes back to player D - Player C runs wide off the ball and receives the ball back and passes deep to player B - Player B runs to the end line and crosses to player C or D who are positioned in the penalty area - The goalkeeper and the defender must try to keep them from scoring -

Good passing Passing to the correct foot Receive at the right moment Coach each other Good crosses Good finishing

No. 58 March 2012

A

B D

C

youth training

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52

goalkeeping

Last season he was still playing for Sparta Rotterdam, but Oscar Moens ended his professional goalkeeping after the 2010/2011 season. Moens can look back on a beautiful career, in which he also appeared twice for the Dutch National team. After finishing his playing days and embarking on a coaching career, Moens made a goalkeeping DVD and started his own goalkeeping school. We talked to him about his career and his future.

By: Paul van Veen Edited by Michael Francis Pollin

No. 58 March 2012

Goalkeeping

Oscar Moens starts a goalkeeping school:

“You can learn something from every coach” Oscar Moens, was born April 1, 1973 in The Netherlands. At the age of 17, Moens started his professional football career at First division team SVV. He played his first matches in the Eredivisie for Go Ahead Eagles in 1995-96 and soon after was transferred to AZ Alkmaar towards the end of that same season, and where he stayed as a regular starter until 2000. Moens also had a spell at Italian Serie B club Genoa, although he never actually played a match for them. Then he returned to Holland to play for Willem II, where he enjoyed a good first season which earned him a recall to the Dutch national team. In 2005-06, however, he suffered an injury which restricted him to only 11 starts. In the summer of 2006 he moved to PSV Eindhoven, as second keeper behind Heurelho da Silva Gomes.

He ended his playing career in 2007-08 with a final return to Willem II. In December 2009 Moens was approached

by Erik Tammer with whom he played at Go

Ahead Eagles, who asked him to join the fledgling Dayton Dutch Lions team, who played in the USL Premier Development League, and is incidentally where Moens played throughout the summer of 2012.

In December 2010 he went back to the Netherlands, where he joined Sparta Rotterdam. Although he extended his contract for a year in May 2011 he ended his career at the end of the 2010-11 season and took up a job at Sparta Rotterdam.

DVD Besides his role at Sparta Rotterdam, Moens also made a goalkeeping DVD. “With the DVD, which I made together with Harald Wapenaar, we want to show that there is a wide variety of exercises for goalkeepers. Often when you are training with the same goalkeeping coach you tend to do the same type of exercises over and over again. These exercises will help you to keep training sessions interesting and different. Just like outfield players”

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Goalkeeping

exercises, goalkeeping exercises can and should have a lot of variation, which make them feel like completely new exercises. The foundation of the exercises is similar, but it will feel new and that will make it more fun.’

Experience ‘We made the DVD based on our own experiences. Harald and I have worked with a lot of goalkeeping coaches and you can learn something from every coach.

Both Harald and I have experience playing abroad as well, and that is when you really notice the difference in exercises; it is not all the same as how we train in Holland. I did not realise that until I experienced it. I am not saying the Dutch training method is better or worse, it is just different.’

Playing along “Here in Holland we focus a lot on goalkeepers linking into play with outfield players, and maybe there is too much attention on that.

For me, the first job of a goalkeeper is to stop the opponent from scoring. ‘How’ you stop that ball from going into your goal is, for me, not really that important, as long as you stop it. When I was playing abroad the only thing I was allowed to do with a back pass was knock the ball high and hard to the flanks!

I do not agree with this either, and if you do that in Holland you will definitely hear about it for a long time. So really, it has to be about finding the balance.”

No. 58 March 2012

goalkeeping

Crazy “I experienced some crazy things abroad. In Italy, I would, for example, have to jump over a hurdle, and then do a forward roll before saving the ball. What is the point of that? I would not do these types of exercises without sound reasoning behind it was.

This exercise had nothing to do with goalkeeping, it just looked funny.”

Attacking “The thing I developed most during my time in Italy was attacking the ball in a 1V1 situation. That meant coming out of your goal with your hands forward, approaching the ball, something Harald is really good at. This is not really my goalkeeping style, as I am more of a goalkeeper who makes himself big and waits, which is something that we are keen on in Holland, but by attacking the ball you do develop other great skills. As a goalkeeper you must develop your own style and do things that suit you and you feel comfortable with.”

“how you stop thAt bAll from going into your goAl is, for me, not reAlly thAt importAnt, As long As you stop it.”

Style ‘goalkeeping coaches should allow their goalkeepers to develop their own style, not demand they work solely within the coaches’ style. Every goalkeeper is different and I cannot teach Hans van Breukelen my goalkeeping style, because he has his own unique and different style. you must be able to recognise a goalkeeper’s style and develop it. This is, of course, dependant on the age and level of the goalkeepers, as younger goalkeepers are still developing their style and preferences.’

No. 58 March 2012

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goalkeeping

Vision ‘As a goalkeeping coach it is important to have a vision. My vision, and also Harald’s vision, is to keep your sessions fresh, interesting and different. We differentiate between individual training and group training, which includes the outfield players. A goalkeeper’s training should be 50% individual skill and technique, and 50% game-related to the match in smaller groups and up to an 11V11. The difficulty with an 11V11 is that the goalkeepers will not be confronted with so many situations, smaller games are much more effective when it comes to this type of training.’

DVD The DVD we made focuses on the individual points, but that is not to say that the aspects cannot be incorporated into group practices. The DVD shows a lot of different exercises, with minimal instruction and coaches can use it to get some new ideas for exercises and then add their own instructions to it. The DVD is divided into different chapters; warm-up, diving to the ball, high balls, reaction speed and quick feet.

No. 58 March 2012

Goalkeeping School “We started the goalkeeping school in September. We are starting small and local, but do have the ambition to go bigger and nationwide. We combine the individual with the group training, which we do with another football school called ‘Winning Skills,’ this allows us to train players and goalkeepers together. When a goalkeeper starts here we first analyse his level of play and place them with other goalkeepers of a similar level.”

Goalkeeping

Ambition “I do also have the ambition to work as a goalkeeping coach at a professional football club. I have 20 years experience and know what works and what does not. I enjoyed working with Andre Krul at Sparta and I tried to give him guidance and direction to help his development.

One aspect we particularly worked on was trying to catch the ball each time, even if it is difficult. Goalkeepers nowadays have the tendency to punch the ball away, but it

is much better to catch it. Goalkeeping is intuitive, so training has to be considerate of that. Every training session should include train on a series of balls being shot full speed from 8 metres. Your first reaction will be to punch the ball away, but if you try to catch them every time you will see an improvement within a week, because you are changing the response and reaction.�

No. 58 March 2012

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58

goalkeeping

ORGANISATION ORGANISATION

1

FOOTWORk

- The goalkeeper is in his goal, with 4-6 cones in front of him - At the coach’s signal he zigzags between the cones and save a shot left or right

3 ORGANISATION

geTTiNg iNTO The LiNe OF The BALL

This exercises teaches to get into the line of the ball - The goalkeeper is positioned behind the cone, steps forward and makes sure that when the coach shoots he dives into the corner in front of the cone. This will teach the goalkeeper to make his goal smaller - Train left and right and repeat a lot

2

COACHING

EXERCISES

1

1

POsiTiONAL

- The goalkeeper is positioned behind another goalkeeper in the goal - The moment the coach drops the ball to dropkick it on goal the back goalkeeper comes in front of the other goalkeeper and save the shot It is important that you stand still whenever the coach shoots the ball

No. 58 March 2012

1

59

Findings indicate that heading the ball can cause brain damage The attention to, and, care of head injuries involving footballers, should not just be limited and focused exclusively to goalkeepers. According to a report published by the BBC, doctors warn that the continuous and repeated impact of the football against the head (or vice versa), as is frequently part of the game, can cause very serious brain damage.

the impact of heading footballs. This took into account the fact that footballs used throughout Astle’s playing career were a lot heavier than the balls used today, and even heavier when the absorbent surface had absorbed any water or moisture.

Text: Bruno Camarão and Thales Peterson Edited by Michael Francis Pollin Research has been conducted with 32 amateur players which has presented evident conditions similar to those observed in patients with concussion; exhibiting ‘retrograde amnesia and post- traumatic symptoms.’

Although the effects would possibly be the consequence of repeated head-to-ball contacts over a duration of time, researchers still cannot give an exact limit or guide to the frequencies of heading the ball without contributing to such brain conditions.

In 2002, the English former footballer Jeff Astle died aged just 59, after collapsing as a result of a brain condition that reflected a diminished mental capacity recognized 5 years earlier. The Coroner’s report determined that his death had resulted from a degenerative brain condition caused by the accumulative effect of minor traumas through

The 32 volunteers (who were the subjects within the research) monitored and recorded the quantity of head-to-ball contacts (headers) they performed during the practice sessions. From scans and examinations, initial results showed that players who headed the ball more frequently exhibited increased signs of mild traumatic brain injury. According to the research, five regions of the brain are specifically damaged, especially from the path of impact; front through to the back of the brain. This is where processes such as; higher order mental functioning, speech, vision and higher order visual processing, and also motor functioning take place.

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BraZilian Corner

’Certification for the Developing Clubs,’ gains official recognition in Brazil In January, Confederação Brasileira de Futebol (CBF) issued a resolution which regulates the constitution and sets out criteria for granting the Certificate Club Development (CDC). This is a status granted to sports institutions and organisations that specialise in developing players/athletes. The issuing of the certificate is conditional and subject to renewal, providing that the club adheres to the conditions and criteria.

Subject to the requirements an organisation or club that qualifies for ‘Category A’ status, shall be entitled to the licence valid for two years. For a club or organisation with ‘Category B’ status, the licence would only be valid for one season then subject to renewal.

In short, for the Certificate Club Development there are 5 basic requirements within developing clubs and organisations. These include having a structure of coaching staff that provide a certain level of coaching, the appropriate health, safety and medical support, and also educational infrastructure and assistance where necessary.

The CBF’s official report emphasizes that local federations are also responsible to advise and verify the clubs’ applications, supporting and providing evidence for the applicants’ claim for certification and official recognition.

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