GreenFleet 90

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

www.greenfleet.net

WINTER DRIVING

ISSUE 90

CES 2016

TECHNOLOGY ON SHOW CES 2016 showed that the gap between vehicles and technology is closing PREVIEW

TOP TEN GREEN CARS OF 2016 The top ten green vehicles to look out for this year TELEMATICS

JOINED-UP THINKING Connected cars and the future of fleets: the technology revolutionising the telematics industry

ROAD TEST: MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER PHEV

CLIMB MOUNTAINS, LOWER COSTS

CO

2 FROM

115g/km

MPG

BIK

UP TO

FROM

64.2

21%

JEEP RENEGADE ®

To book a test drive call our Business Centre on 01753 519442 or email us at fleet@jeep-comms.co.uk

OFFICIAL FUEL CONSUMPTION FIGURES FOR JEEP RENEGADE RANGE MPG (L/100KM): EXTRA URBAN 47.9 (5.9) – 70.6 (4.0), URBAN 32.5 (8.7) – 55.4 (5.1), COMBINED 40.9 (6.9) – 64.2 (4.4), CO 2 EMISSIONS: 160 – 115 G/KM. Fuel consumption and CO2 figures are obtained for comparative purposes in accordance with EC directives/regulations and may not be representative of real-life driving conditions. Factors such as driving style, weather and road conditions may also have a significant effect on fuel consumption. Model shown is a Jeep Renegade Limited. Jeep ® is a registered trademark of FCA US LLC.

COMMERCIAL VEHICLES

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Comment

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

WINTER DRIVING

ISSUE 90

CES 2016

TECHNOLOGY ON SHOW CES 2016 showed that the gap between vehicles and technology is closing PREVIEW

TOP TEN GREEN CARS OF 2016 The top ten green vehicles to look out for this year TELEMATICS

JOINED-UP THINKING Connected cars and the future of fleets: the technology revolutionising the telematics industry ROAD TEST: MITSUBISHI OUTLANDER PHEV

A happy new year?

The news the low-carbon vehicle industry had been waiting for was delivered, if not quite by Santa, just before Christmas. A long-term extension of the plug-in car grant was announced by the government. It pledged to support ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs) to the tune of £400m.

The previous expiry date was February 2016, but, now the scheme will run until the end of March 2018. However, changes to the scheme mean there will now be two rates available for prospective buyers, and the introduction of the tiered scheme and its longer duration has been welcomed with both praise and derision.

Visit v fleet.t green ative video rm for info tent on t con tal flee nmen enviro agement man

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‘Category 1’ ULEVs with a zero emission range of over 70 miles, will see £4,500 knocked off their list prices, while ‘Category 2 and 3’ vehicles with a shorter range will only receive £2,500-worth of funding. Most petrol and diesel hybrids/PHEVs will fall into this latter banding. There are further price cap caveats, too (see page seven).

The previous plug-in car grant was double the new Category 2 and 3 incentive, and commentators argue that this may turn potential buyers off and that ULEVs will not enjoy the massive sales uplift that they recorded in 2015. The government maintains that more than 100,000 drivers will benefit from the new grant over the coming years, though, and will still offer £500 grants for home charging points.

Overall, though, the continued funding is good news for the ULEV sector and with ever-evolving technologies and models set to be launched this year, the choice looks set to be wider than ever.

Enjoy the issue.

Richard Gooding, acting editor

P ONLINE P IN PRINT P MOBILE P FACE-TO-FACE If you would like to receive 10 issues of GreenFleet magazine for £200 a year, please contact Public Sector Information Limited, 226 High Road, Loughton, Essex IG10 1ET. Tel: 020 8532 0055 GreenFleet® would like to thank the following organisations for their support:

PUBLISHED BY PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION LIMITED

226 High Rd, Loughton, Essex IG10 1ET. Tel: 020 8532 0055 Fax: 020 8532 0066 Web: www.psi-media.co.uk ACTING EDITOR Richard Gooding EDITOR Angela Pisanu ASSISTANT EDITOR Michael Lyons EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS Tommy Newell, Rachel Brooks PRODUCTION CONTROL Sofie Owen PRODUCTION DESIGN Jacqueline Lawford, Jo Golding WEB PRODUCTION Victoria Leftwich PUBLISHER George Petrou ACCOUNT MANAGER Kylie Glover ADMINISTRATION Vickie Hopkins REPRODUCTION & PRINT Argent Media

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© 2016 Public Sector Information Limited. No part of this publication can be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any other means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the publisher. Whilst every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the editorial content the publisher cannot be held responsible for errors or omissions. The views expressed are not necessarily those of the publisher. ISSN 1471-3713

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

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MORE TIME FOR BUSINESS

THE FORD MOTOR COMPANY PRESENTS

P11D

BIK

CO 2

MPG

£29,290 - £33,410

14% - 26%

176 - 99g/km

37.2-67.3

SEARCH

COMBINED

DESIGNED TO GIVE YOU THE LUXURY OF TIME

FORD VIGNALE

Official fuel consumption figures in mpg (l/100km) for the Ford Mondeo Vignale range: urban 27.2-100.9 (10.4-2.8), extra urban 47.9-68.9 (5.9-4.1), combined 37.2-67.3 (7.6-4.2). Official CO 2 emissions 176-99g/km.

The mpg figures quoted are sourced from official EU-regulated test results (EU Directive and Regulation 692/2008), are provided for comparability purposes and may not reflect your actual driving experience.

Contents

Contents GreenFleet 90 12

07 News

Plug-in car grant extension; annual London NOx limit exceeded; Renault-Nissan plans to introduce autonomous driving by 2020; and Ford expands its fusion hybrid fleet

12 Top 10 green cars ‘16

GreenFleet looks ahead to the exciting environmentally-friendly cars that are hitting the road this year, including the VW Tiguan GTE, the BMW 330e and the Toyota C-HR

15 Winter driving

The end of 2015 brought with it one of the wettest winters of recent years. With the cold and rainy weather predicted to carry on into January and February, the Institute of Advanced Motorists provides an update on driver safety on winter roads

19 Commercial vehicles

The low-carbon commercial vehicle market is still waiting to properly take off, despite its origins sitting further back in time than many imagine. GreenFleet steps back in time and takes a look back at some of history’s greener CVs

15

22 At the show: CES 2016

The Consumer Electronics Show is the place to be for technology revolution. With an emphasis on vehicle automation, GreenFleet has all the motoring news, views and reviews from the tech-savvy Las Vegas showroom

19

24 At the show: Detroit motor show 2016

As the fleet industry begins to drive into the future, GreenFleet provides an update on the latest action from the Cobo Centre as the Detroit motor show takes to the stage with a host of world debuts and innovation

26 Electric vehicles: OLEV

With a new, long-term extension to the plug-in car grant recently backed by a £400 million package to treble the number of ultra low emission vehicles on Britain’s roads, OLEV’s Richard Bruce explains why 2016 should be the year to go green

27 Telematics

By 2020, it is estimated that 33 million vehicles will be sold each year with incar connectivity, which will generate more than 163 million terabytes of data each year between them. Here, BVRLA chief executive Gerry Keaney explores the latest innovations in telematics

30 Alternative fuels: LPG

Many will remember the popularity of automotive LPG with both policy makers and the automotive industry in the UK in the early 2000s. In light of a recent resurgance, Mike Chapman, manager of UKLPG, discusses the financial and environmental benefits of switching to LPG

34 Road test: Kia Optima With a brand new model expected on UK roads in the near future, GreenFleet recalls that the current Kia Optima 2 1.7 CRDi offers style, value and plenty of high-tech kit, which could make it a leader in green car technology

36 Road test: Mitsubishi Outlander

Not content with producing the most successful plug-in hybrid vehicle in the UK, Mitsubishi is launching an improved Outlander PHEV. Richard Gooding investigates whether the changes will continue the manufacturer’s success story

36

24

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GreenFleet magazine

www.greenfleet.net Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

5

News

ULEV FUNDING VEHICLE POLLUTION

Annual 2016 NOx limit for London exceeded

Long-term extension of the plug-in car grant A long-term extension of the plug-in car grant was announced by the government at the end of 2015, with £400 million worth of funding pledged to support ultra low emission vehicles (ULEVs).

The last extension of the scheme guaranteed it would run until at least February 2016, with the recent announcement confirming that it will now continue until at least the end of March 2018. The government claims that more than 100,000 people will benefit from the grant over the coming years, which is double the number who have already claimed the financial support since 2011.

Changes to the grant will come into place from 1 March 2016, with two rates available for prospective buyers. Category 1 will cover vehicles with a zero emission range of over 70 miles and will remove £4,500 of the price. Category 2 and 3 vehicles with a shorter range, such as petrol and diesel hybrids, will receive £2,500.

There will also be a price cap that applies to Category 2 and 3 vehicles with a zero emission range of over 70 miles and a list price of over £60,000, which will not be eligible for the grant. Category 1 vehicles in the price range will still be eligible.

In addition to extending the plug-in car grant, the government has also announced that it will continue to provide grants to help owners have dedicated charge points installed in their homes.

As part of the electric vehicles home charging scheme, £500 per installation will be available to go towards installation costs. This funding comes as part of the £600 million to support ULEVs announced by Chancellor George Osborne as part of the Spending Review.

READ MORE tinyurl.com/hfbz4oc

ULEVs

Kia joins Go Ultra Low campaign Kia has signed up to the UK campaign for Ultra Low Emission Vehicles (ULEVs), with its Soul EV model set to appear shortly.

The ULEV campaign strives to highlight the benefits of using ULEVs and provide advice and guidance which will encourage private and business users to switch to plug-in cars. Kia has joined the Society for Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) and the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV), alongside manufacturers such as Audi, BMW, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Renault, Toyota and Volkswagen which have already signed-up.

More than 50,000 ULEVs have been sold in the UK with figures showing that one in every 60 cars sold is a ULEV. Poppy Welch, head of Go Ultra Low, said: “Kia is a great addition to the Go Ultra Low campaign, and its Kia Soul EV fits well

alongside the wide variety of adaptable and practical plug-in vehicles we represent.

The addition of Kia will boost our goal to raise awareness of ultra low emission vehicles, and their cost-effective benefits, in addition to broadening choice for motorists.

Their inclusion in the campaign shows there really is a plug-in car for everyone.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/jpkhchn

The UK government has been urged to take action after annual limits for nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions were exceeded only one week into 2016.

Furthermore, Putney High Street’s air quality monitor has levels of NOx that exceed the hourly limit 19 times, overtaking the annual allowance for exceeding the limits (18). Knightsbridge is also close to the annual emission limit, while Oxford Street’s air quality monitor is currently offline.

Emission limits are created and enforced

by UK and EU regulators to tackle NOx emissions in cities. High levels of NOx are known to cause health problems, with over 9,000 deaths each year attributed to air quality-related illness.

Diesel vehicles are the highest producers of NOx on the road and plans to create an Ultra Low Emission Zone (ULEZ) to tackle such high polluting vehicles are already in motion.

READ MORE tinyurl.com/hxknlmu

ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Mercedes set to launch four electric cars from 2018 Mercedes-Benz is set to launch the first of four new electric cars in 2018, which aim to compete with the likes of Tesla.

The project was first confirmed last year, with a two billion euro investment pledged to develop two zero emission saloons and two crossover SUVs. The electric vehicle architecture has now been approved by the board and Car Magazine reports that the first of these electric vehicles will come to market in 2018, a year earlier than originally planned.

It is expected that the two mid-sized vehicles will be given priority and come to market before the super-sized SUV. The first car to be released is likely to be positioned between C and E-class in terms of size, which will be built at the manufacturer’s Bremen plant in northern Germany.

READ MORE tinyurl.com/jc9hjh8

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439 buses to be fitted with green technology to cut emissions The Department for Transport (DfT) has announced that new funding will enable 439 buses in England to be fitted with green technology in an ongoing attempt to cut harmful emissions by up to 90 per cent.

The Clean Bus Technology Fund 2015 will be awarded to 18 local authorities across England, providing 439 buses with the technology to reduce nitrogen oxide emissions in pollution hotspots.

The move is expected to significantly improve air quality in town and city centres with the upgraded buses set to complete more than one million greener journeys each year.

In order to win awards, local authorities were instructed to show evidence that the new technology would reduce nitrogen oxide emissions by at least 50 per cent. The new systems are called selective catalytic

reduction (SCR), a form of exhaust gas treatment. Once the buses are upgraded, councils will continue to monitor the schemes and provide evidence of their effectiveness.

Andrew Jones, Transport Minister, said: “Greener buses mean cleaner town and city centres and a healthier environment for everyone. The upgraded buses that will soon hit the roads in England continue our commitment to better air quality by investing in greener transport. By targeting pollution hotspots and backing the low-emission technology of the future, we are making the right long-term decisions to improve people’s lives.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/zteowtj

ELECTRIC PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Bristol introduces low emission electric buses Two state-of-the-art, low emission electric buses have been launched in Bristol in partnership with the Department for Transport (DfT), Bristol City Council and the University of the West of England (UWE).

The new vehicles will run in areas of low air quality and use Geo-Fencing GPS technology to run on pure electric mode, producing zero emissions. Currently there are only five of such vehicles in the UK, with two in Bristol and three in London also on a trial basis.

The buses run quietly and can be recognised by their striking blue colour and ‘electricity’ branding. Furthermore, the buses can charge once they reach their terminus, UWE’s French Campus, via a special plate in the ground which enables them to charge wirelessly.

James Freeman, managing director of First West of England, said: “Bristol is the perfect place to trial technology like this. During the Green Capital year in 2015 we trialled a Bio-Methane powered ‘poo bus’ so it is great that we now have another exciting trial.

“These buses will make a massive impact to air quality as they spend a huge part of the day running on pure electric mode (almost like a tram without rails), meaning that in areas (such as the city centre) where pollution is a problem, these buses will quite literally be a breath of fresh air.”

News

CLEAN BUSES

POLICE FLEETS

Met Police trial EVs in Greenwich, Bexley and Westminster The Metropolitan Police has begun trialling a new fleet of electric vehicles across Greenwich, Bexley and Westminster.

The new fleet of BMW i3 Range Extenders was unveiled outside Scotland Yard in December 2015 and a six-month trial period has now commenced.

The vehicles will be subject to standard testing and evaluation by the Metropolitan Police, and officers will report back on their experience using the low emission vehicles for regular patrolling duties.

Terry Hunt, director of centrally delivered support services in the Met, said: “The i3 is a brilliant fit with the technology‑driven approach of the Met. “As an organisation we are committed to keeping our carbon footprint as low as possible and innovative pilots such as this provide us with real-time experience of how that might be achieved.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/gl2y33n

CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE

Heathrow pledges £2m to expand EV charging George Ferguson, Mayor of Bristol, said: “These clean tech vehicles will help to reduce pollution and improve the health of the city, and are part of the continuing impact of our highly successful year as European Green Capital 2015.

“My goal is for Bristol to be one of the healthiest cities in the world and that has to start with us breathing clean air. I am confident this trial of new technology will pave the way for the future of electric buses in Bristol and beyond, adding to the many new sustainable transport initiatives that are currently taking place across the city.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/jqcdxhe

Heathrow Airport has pledged to invest £2 million to expand its electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure. The money will be used for the installation of more than 135 EV charging stations, expanding on the 21 chargers that are currently available in short stay car parks.

The new chargers will be able to power at least 260 EVs at the airport at any one time, and compliment a wide range of measures the airport is employing to become more sustainable.

John Holland-Kaye, the airport’s chief executive, said: “We will set out even more ambitious plans that will make an expanded Heathrow the most environmentally responsible hub airport in the world.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/jel3w75

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

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News

Freight Transport Association

Global deal for climate change: what it means for freight A monumental world deal was made at COP21 in Paris at the end of 2016 on global warming.

Rachael Dillon, climate change policy manager, FTA

The agreement, which will come into force from 2020, aims to limit any temperature increase to below 2C° above pre-industrial levels and has the added ambition to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C to protect vulnerable islands. $100 billion per annum will be made available to help developing countries to adapt to climate change.

Despite world leaders hailing the deal ‘a major leap for mankind’, there is concern about what will actually change.

Countries have had to make only voluntary pledges, though they will have to report on progress every five years. However, without a loosely-worded legal text, a deal would not have been achieved as developed and developing countries fought over who should have to make the biggest carbon cuts.

Paris has underlined the need for collective action and also the importance of businesses to be proactive – more than 100 companies including Ikea, Coca-Cola, Walmart and Kellogg’s pledged at Paris to set emission reduction targets.

Paris has also signaled the importance of moving away from fossil fuels and towards renewables. A UN High Level Advisory Group on Sustainable Transport led by Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon with participants including Volvo and DHL met during Paris to discuss how transport must be a part of the solution to the climate crisis.

The Department for Transport (DfT) is currently reviewing the role of the transport sector in contributing to the fifth carbon budget (2028-2032) and a new government Carbon Plan, which needs to be agreed by December 2016. Meanwhile, the Centre for Sustainable Road Freight (of which the FTA is a consortium member) has already undertaken a study for the Committee on Climate Change on freight carbon reduction. The Centre estimates that HGV emissions could reduce by as much as 34 per cent compared to current levels by 2035, with a range of operational and logistics improvements. This is an ambitious target – The FTA agrees that a broad array of measures will be needed to help the freight sector decarbonise. Alternative fuels and low carbon technologies will also be needed to make significant improvements, whether this is via gas, electric or hydrogen.

At FTA, we track the carbon reduction of the freight sector through the Logistics Carbon Reduction Scheme (LCRS) supported by our industry partner Bridgestone UK. It is a free voluntary initiative to help members record, report and reduce carbon emissions from freight transport. A collective response to climate change at Paris was very much the order of the day and through the LCRS, the freight sector can also act together to demonstrate to government and key policymakers the industry’s commitment to carbon reduction. The scheme is open to both large and small hauliers, the public sector and local authorities. Additionally, the LCRS Leadership in Carbon Reduction Award will be open for entries shortly.

Rachael Dillon, FTA climate change policy manager FURTHER INFORMATION To find out more visit: www.fta.co.uk/lcrs www.fta.co.uk

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DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT | www.greenfleet.net

AUTONOMOUS DRIVING

Renault-Nissan to introduce autonomous driving by 2020 The Renault-Nissan Alliance has unveiled plans to launch 10 or more vehicles with autonomous drive technology by 2020.

The company announced that the technology would be installed on mainstream, mass market cars at affordable prices across the United States, Europe, Japan and China over the next four years.

Additionally, the Alliance will also launch a new suite of connectivity applications that will allow drivers to stay connected to work, entertainment and social networks.

Chairman Carlos Ghosn said: “Renault-Nissan Alliance is deeply committed to the twin goals of ‘zero emissions and

zero fatalities’. That’s why we are developing autonomous driving and connectivity for mass-market, mainstream vehicles on three continents.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/h7ln98g

TESTING

Milton Keynes opens new electric and hybrid vehicle testing facility Transport Minister Robert Goodwill has announced the official opening of Intertek Laboratory, a new state-of-the-art testing facility in Milton Keynes.

The testing centre will be the UK’s highest capacity electric and hybrid vehicle testing centre and will allow Britain’s plug-in car industry access to the latest cutting-edge technology.

Goodwill is set to visit centre to witness some of the new technology. He will see battery simulators designed to test the late plug-in cars in action, operating at improved ranges and the use of precise emissions measurement equipment used to calculate emissions figures.

Goodwill said: “This impressive facility shows how the industry, with our support, is creating highly-skilled jobs and opportunities not just in Milton Keynes but across the whole automotive sector.

“It makes perfect sense that global companies like Intertek Robert Goodwill Transport Minister

would choose to expand their UK base when we are the largest market for ultra-low emission vehicles in Europe.

We are backing industry with a £600 million investment until 2020 to ensure every new UK car and van is a zero emission vehicle by 2040.”

Tony Braddon, MD of Intertek Milton Keynes, said: “Intertek is privileged to work in partnership with the best of Britain’s automotive manufacturing industry to test and develop their vehicles’ powertrains to ensure they are the best they can be.

“Working together, Intertek has recognised that the future of the automotive industry is moving into a high-tech future where the use of internal combustion engines is being augmented and superseded by hybrid technology, batteries and electric motors.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/jelgxxv

HYBRID VEHICLES

Ford expands Fusion Hybrid fleet Ford is expected to significantly increase its fleet of Fusion Hybrid research vehicles, creating the largest autonomous fleet in the automotive industry.

Over the course of 2016, 20 new autonomous Fusion Hybrids will be added to Ford’s research fleet spread out across its testing bases in California, Arizona and Michigan.

The company has progressed from the research phase of its project to advanced development and engineering work which will allow the cars to be able to drive themselves without the intervention of a driver.

The vehicles will be fitted with a new piece of equipment called a Velodyne’s Solid-State Hybrid Ultra Puck Auto, which features a long-range high-definition LiDAR sensor to scan the surroundings using lasers to gather real-time data on the car’s environment.

The pulsing lasers are activated millions of times per second at a

News

2016 GreenFleet events lead the way to lowering emissions

range of 200 metres which creates a highly accurate 3D image of the surrounding area allowing the car to navigate through the space.

Jim McBride, Ford technical leader for autonomous vehicles, said: “Adding the latest generation of computers and sensors, including the smaller and more affordable Solid-State Hybrid Ultra PUCK Auto sensors, helps bring Ford ever closer to having a fully autonomous vehicle ready for production. The vehicle’s hardware systems, which interact continuously with the virtual driver, are equally important.

“Third-generation autonomous Fusion Hybrid sedans will have supplemental features and duplicate wiring for power, steering and brakes. These supplemental features will act as backups, if needed.”

READ MORE tinyurl.com/hy2ly9z

As in previous years, the GreenFleet team will be organising a range of events to help you lower your fleet’s emissions.

Capital GreenFleet Captial GreenFleet 2016 is being staged 25 FEBRUARY 2016 in association with the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) and BluePoint London. This year Capital GreenFleet will be held at London’s famous cricket ground, The Oval, on Thursday 25 February 2016.

Due to the ever growing electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) market, we feel it’s necessary that London continues to lead the way and this event is designed to ensure this happens.

At this event there will be a chance to hear industry experts at the keynote presentations on the day, highlighting where London is currently at with public infrastructure and the latest information on car and van grants. BluePoint London, who have demonstrated in France the success of EV’s and are responsible for the recharging infrastructure in Paris, will also be present to share knowledge and discuss ‘borough specific’ issues, as well as infrastructure matters.

So if your organisation runs vehicles in and out of London, and across Surrey, Kent and Sussex, then this is the event for you. Capital GreenFleet is free to attend.

Register by email: lauren.matthews@psigroupltd.co.uk

CAR AND PLUG IN TECHNOLOGY FOR LONDON

THE OVAL, LONDON

Evolution 2016 Launched in 2014, Evolution will open its doors again to the public, for the only motor show where visitors get 16 APRIL 2016 I EDINBURGH to experience electric, hybrid and low-emission vehicles.

The ultra-low emission motor show returns to the Royal Highland Centre, on 16 April 2016 showcasing the latest low emission and eco-friendly vehicles. There will be plenty of activities for the kids, as well as a chance for you to speak to experts and EV owners who can answer low‑carbon motoring questions and share their experiences. It’s going to be a brilliant family day out.

There will be around 70 different makes and models to see and experience, with members of the public having the chance to test drive the cars to experience what an ultra-low emissions vehicle really feels like.

The Evolution motor show is free to attend, thanks to our partners, Transport Scotland, Scotland Enterprise and Energy Saving Trust, Scotland.

15 APRIL 2016 GreenFleet Scotland ROYAL GreenFleet Scotland is returning again this year to the Royal Highland Centre.

The event is to help organisations who want to reduce their carbon footprint, as well as improve the efficiency of their fleet and transport operations. If you find yourself struggling to convince your stakeholders and drivers that ‘electric’ is a viable solution, then GreenFleet Scotland is the perfect show to attend. There will be many industry experts on hand to answer all of your questions and you will also get the opportunity to test drive the vehicles.

The day includes the opportunity to talk to experts about EVs, technology, leasing and surrounding infrastructure. Another beneficial element to this day is the opportunity to attend keynote speaker seminars, with presentations on the latest government legislation, grants and offers, innovative technology and future fuels.

GreenFleet Scotland is free to attend and will be staged on 15 April in association with Scottish Enterprise, together with Transport Scotland and Energy Saving Trust, at the Royal Highland Centre, Edinburgh.

Register now at events.greenfleet.net/register-scotland in association with

HIGHLAND

CENTRE

electric vehicle charging

Model S is 2015’s best-selling plug-in Tesla’s Model S was the world’s best selling plug-in electric vehicle in 2015, with over 50,000 global sales for the calendar year.

The Model S beat second place Nissan Leaf, with 43,000 sales, and the Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV, with near 39,000 sales.

The numbers mean that Tesla has reached its sales target of 50,000-52,000 and shows a noticeable improvement upon its 31,000 total in 2014.

The sales also place Tesla in

second place for cumulative sales, with 107,148 sales since its launch in mid 2012, only trailing the Nissan Leaf, which was launched just under two years earlier.

The biggest market for Tesla is its home country, the US, which made up around 60 per cent of total sales.

READ MORE tinyurl.com/h75q2dv

EDINBURGH

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

11

2016 Top Ten

Top ten green vehicles to watch out for in 2016 What will 2016 bring the fleet car buyer? Next Green Car filters out the top ten low and zero‑emission offerings which should be appearing at a showroom near you in the next 365 days

HYBRID

3. VW Tiguan GTE – Plug-in Hybrid – CO2: 42g/km The new version of Volkswagen’s popular family-sized SUV will see a PHEV model join the line-up for the first time in the shape of the Tiguan GTE. Sharing the same name and technology as the excellent Golf and Passat GTEs, the Tiguan will use a 1.5-litre turbocharged petrol engine alongside an electric motor to provide a proposed total output of 215bhp. Concept at the 2015 Frankfurt and 2016 Detroit motor shows previewed a powertrain which is likely to make it into the confirmed GTE production model, which would put the Tiguan GTE comfortably within the current limits to exempt it from road tax and congestion charge costs, while also qualifying it for the government’s Plug-in Car Grant. An electric-only range of around 30 miles is expected and, along with the Golf and Passat, VW is bringing together a varied range of family-friendly PHEV models – a welcome departure from rivals’ larger and more expensive SUV offerings.

1. BMW 330e – Plug-in Hybrid – CO2: 44g/km There will be three other BMW PHEVs coming along in 2016 but perhaps the most important is the 3 Series version. This will see the fleet best-seller available as a plug-in model for the first time and big things are expected of it. Featuring a 2.0-litre petrol combined with an electric motor, the 330e offers a combined power output of 252bhp. Official figures come in at 134.5mpg and CO2 emissions of 44g/km, with an electric-only range expected to be around 20 miles. Combine that with the famous BMW driving experience and the 3 Series’ excellent cabin and the 330e is likely to tempt some drivers from petrol or diesel alternatives.

PURE EV

2. Smart Fortwo EV and Forfour EV – Electric – CO2: 0g/km Both of Smart’s urban runabouts will get the electric treatment this time around as the German brand looks to make the most of its fun compact cars. Smart’s previous entry into the plug-in market was just in the shape of the fortwo Electric Drive, but thanks to platform sharing with Renault, Smart plans to bring zero-emission powertrains to both of its models in 2016. The same electric motor as found in the Renault Zoe will be used in each model, though Mercedes will produce the batteries itself. Range has yet to be confirmed but it is expected that the Smarts will beat the larger Renault EV thanks to their lighter weight.

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DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT | www.greenfleet.net

HYBRID

4. Volvo S90 T8 – Plug-in Hybrid – CO2: 44g/km Volvo’s recent announcement that it will electrify its entire range has been followed up the unveiling of the new S90 saloon. Set to rival the likes of BMW’s 5 Series, Mercedes’ E-Class and the Jaguar XF, Volvo’s new large saloon will share the T8 TwinEngine powertrain from its XC90 stablemate. This should see emissions around the 44g/km mark and an official fuel economy figure of around 148mpg. On top of the 407bhp powertrain, the S90 T8 will feature semi-autonomous driving technology, drawing on Volvo’s involvement in the public DriveMe autonomous driving project, due to start soon. A stylish exterior and cabin, alongside the frugal and potentially zero-emission powertrain, could see Volvo take a surprisingly large chunk out of the established competition’s executive saloon sales.

HYBRID

5: Tesla Model X – Electric – CO2: 0g/km The Model X was launched in the US in early October, so we’re confident that it will make its way on to European shores in the next 12 months. As is always the way with Tesla products, much spec has changed since its initial announcement. It retains its all-wheel drive set-up but now has a 90kWh battery available to order. Three specifications are available in all – 70D, 90D and P90D – all boasting serious levels of performance and 200-250 miles range between top-ups. Able to seat seven, those climbing into the rear seats can access them via the clever ‘falcon-wing’ doors, while the driver can benefit from the latest version of AutoPilot for assisted driving.

2016 Top Ten

PURE EV

6: Toyota C-HR – Hybrid – CO2: 73g/km The Toyota C-HR arrived as a concept model at the 2015 Frankfurt motor show, the presentation HYBRID ending with the surprise news that it would go into production. Aimed as a direct rival to the Nissan Juke, what’s more important is that the C-HR features a hybrid powertrain. Combine this with the fact that it will share the Prius’ new platform and the C-HR could become the star of the sector. Precise details are sketchy until the production car’s unveiling at the 2016 Geneva motor show but we can expect similar performance figures to the Prius with which it will share a number of components. The production C-HR, with a slightly toned down design, is expected towards the end of 2016.

7: Renault Megane – Petrol/Diesel – CO2: 86g/km It’s a busy time for the humble family hatchback. With the Vauxhall Astra launched in late 2015, Renault’s Megane joins the Fiat Tipo in 2016’s already confirmed small family car launches. Renault is pitching for class-leading efficiency figures for the stylish French hatchback, with petrol and diesel engines from the Renault-Nissan Alliance set to start off economy figures at the mid-80s mark for both mpg and CO2 emissions. It must be remembered too that a mild hybrid diesel is confirmed to arrive in early 2017, improving efficiency further. Equipment levels will be among the top in its class, while Renault’s consistently safe model line-up looks set to continue when the Megane launches in the summer.

8: Honda Clarity Fuel Cell – Fuel Cell – CO2: 0g/km Honda has made a few versions of the Clarity Fuel Cell before but it has never put it into large-scale production. That all changes with with this one, though. The hydrogen-powered vehicle will directly take on Toyota’s Mirai as a purpose‑built fuel cell saloon.

Honda’s engineers have brought the size and weight of the fuel cell stack and motor to that of a typical V6 engine, meaning that the vast majority of the powertrain can be installed under the bonnet. In turn, this leaves a spacious interior for passengers. The 173bhp unit will have a range of around 430 miles, the instant torque of an electric motor, and zero-emission running. Predicted to cost around £60,000 when it goes on sale in Europe late 2016, you can expect to knock around £4,500 of that off with a government grant.

PETROL

DIESEL

FUEL CELL

10: Mitsubishi ASX PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid – CO2: 0g/km The next version of Mitsubishi’s compact SUV is likely to get the PHEV treatment – which is hardly surprising considering the runaway success of the plug-in Outlander. Aiming to take on the likes of the Nissan Qashqai and Renault Kadjar, the ASX PHEV could be even more important to Mitsubishi than its larger brother. No details have been announced but a sub-40 g/km CO2 emissions figure is anticipated from the 160hp powertrain, with fuel economy HYBRID figures in line with other PHEVs on the market.

9: Hyundai Ioniq – EV/PHEV/ PURE EV HYBRID Hybrid – CO2: from 0g/km The start of a number of new low‑emission models from Hyundai comes in the shape of the Ioniq – the first car set to be offered with a choice of hybrid, plug-in hybrid or pure-electric drivetrains. Hyundai has developed a new platform to make this versatility possible which means we are sure to see other green models coming soon. In the mean time, we have the Ioniq confirmed for production with streamlined aerodynamics helping the spacious family car slip through the air easily, improving efficiency.

Apart from a 2016 launch, no further details have been confirmed, though of course the EV version will offer zero‑emission motoring. It is expected that the PHEV and hybrid variants will compete or better the current best in their respective classes too as Hyundai pools resources with sister company Kia.

About Next Green Car Next Green Car is the UK’s leading green car website providing independent and expert advice to help people find a more economical and environmentally-friendly car.

At the core of the site is a comprehensive, searchable database which enables users to search, review and compare key data on over 50,000 models including mpg, CO2 emissions and the unique lifecycle Next Green Car Rating which enables environmental comparison across all power-trains.

With all the latest green car news and reviews, microsites dedicated to each technology and Zap-Map, a UK-wide charging point map, Next Green Car is an essential destination for those researching low-emission and electric cars.

E To find out more visit: www.nextgreencar.com

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

13

CUT RUNNING COSTS AND EMISSIONS WITH EDT Having just won a prestigious Green Apple for reducing vehicle emissions, EDT Automotive sees huge potential in the green fleet sector for its award-winning engine detox treatment.

With an effect likened to descaling a dishwasher, the EDT machine cleans petrol or diesel engines with an environmentally friendly solution.

The results are close to doing a manual engine strip, with fuel economy increased by up to 20%, power increased by up to 6bhp and torque increased by up to 7ft-lb.

EDT recently published the real world results of its engine detox treatments in September 2015, as recorded by a qualified MOT Tester using approved MOT test equipment: • • •

Average emissions reduction following EDT treatment = 63.5% Petrol: average carbon monoxide reduction following EDT treatment = 69% Diesel: average smoke reduction following EDT treatment = 58%

David Holmes AAE FIMI AIRTE, managing director at EDT Automotive, said: “The increased fuel economy alone will soon cover the cost of the treatment, so all the other benefits – reduced carbon footprint, smoother ride and improved all-round performance – are effectively free.

“Car, van and HGV fleet operators who want to simultaneously reduce their running costs and emissions should call me on 01233 712 341 or email david@edtautomotive.com.”

Table1: Before and after EDT treatment on petrol cars in Sep 2015 Vehicle model and year

Before EDT CO%

After EDT CO%

Reduction

2010 Mazda TS2

0.049

0.002

96%

1995 BMW 318

0.54

0.05

91%

2002 Ford Puma 1.7

0.14

0.02

86%

Table2: Before and after EDT treatment on diesel cars in Sep 2015 Vehicle model and year Before EDT smoke ppm After EDT Smoke ppm

Reduction

2003 Jaguar X Type

0.66

0.07

89%

2009 Ford Fiest

1.85

0.58

69%

2007 VW Golf 2.0

0.12

0.04

67%

Winter Driving

While trying to maintain customer expectations is pivotal, no driver should feel pressured into driving in bad weather conditions. To help see motorists safely through the winter weather, the Institute of Advanced Motorists’ Lesley Upham shares her top tips Driving in winter weather can be challenging, particularly for motorists who are forced to drive through a host of winter hazards. Fleet drivers will often stay on the road whatever the weather brings – but should these drivers really be travelling if weather conditions worsen?

In 2014, 12,445 accidents took place on built up roads that were either flooded or wet in the dark – a 19 per cent increase since 2010. Other contributory factors to road accidents in 2014 included snow, sleet, rain or fog (causing 368 fatal or serious accidents) and slippery roads (causing 1,279 fatal or serious accidents). Additionally, the number of people seriously injured as a result go a reported road traffic accident increased by five per cent to 22,807.

According to the key findings of the 2014 Reported Road Casualties in Great Britain Annual Report, a statistical model has indicated that had the weather throughout 2014 been closer to the long‑term average then there may have been around 43 fewer fatalities during the year.

When adjusted for the weather, the number of fatalities would have risen by one per cent (rather than four) from 2013 to 2014.

Once an adjustment is made for the weather for all years back to 1991, the small rise in fatalities in 2014 is the first rise since 2003.

At the end of 2015, the Institute of Advanced Motorists (IAM) has launched its #wheelsinwinter campaign to support motorists in driving safely this winter.

Sarah Sillars, chief executive officer at the IAM, said: “It is clear from the statistics that people need to change their driving behaviour when faced with poor weather

conditions and more hours of darkness.

“Winter driving needn’t be difficult, and with a few small changes driving in bad weather conditions can be made far safer and more enjoyable. We advise motorists to avoid travelling in severe weather conditions – could you delay that visit to the shops or walk to school instead? But if you do need to travel, prepare properly and read our advice to ensure you and your loved ones are safe.”

Lesley Upham’s top tips Don’t forget to regularly check your vehicle’s oil, coolant and washer fluid/de-icer levels, which should all be at the correct concentration for winter. Once all checks have been made, look for any weather and traffic updates, which may affect your journey – this will help you make an informed decision about whether it is safe to travel before setting off.

On long journeys, the weather could well change en-route. If you have already started your journey and conditions worsen pull up at a service station to see if the weather subsides. Don’t carry on because you feel time-pressured to do so. In such circumstances, it’s a good idea to inform your customers about why you are getting delayed – this will help take time pressure off you and the customer, who may well be able to use their time more effectively.

You should also consider taking a break at a service station if you’re on the road for a long period of time in the dark. The onset of darkness during the winter months can lead to fatigue behind the wheel. If

Written by Lesley Upham, Institute of Advanced Motorists

Cutting through the mist of winter driving you can avoid driving at night do so, and try and stick to making journeys during the day when visibility is much clearer and when you’re more likely to stay alert.

If you drive at night on wet or icy roads, your visibility will be significantly reduced, especially when lights reflect off a wet road and you can’t see the road markings clearly.

When approaching junctions, increase your stopping distance by as much as 10 times to give yourself more time to see what is going on around you and to ensure you have more time to get into the correct lane or stop safely.

Low sun is another winter hazard, even with a clean windscreen and windows. When you emerge from a side road onto a busy road, low sun may make it difficultfor you to see whether it is safe to join the nearby lane. Try and judge the speed of other vehicles before joining the lane and join when it is safe to do so. Be aware when the sun is behind you as other road users might not judge your speed of approach accurately or simply might not even see you – use dipped lights at these times.

Tailgating can be incredibly dangerous, particularly during the winter months – from strong winds to icy roads you are more likely to lose control of your vehicle. And be E

Ha weathed the been cl r in 2014 long-te oser to the then th rm average ere been armay have 43 few ound er fa during talities the year

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

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Winter Driving

 aware that snow can build up on top of trucks in large sheets – avoid following large vehicles too closely if there’s been a recent snowfall.

Always be prepared. Make sure the number of your breakdown service provider is in your phone and that you have a back-up charger to hand. Breakdowns are most likely to occur during this time of year, so be prepared for the worst. Ensure you have de-icing equipment, a warm jacket and some snacks with you incase you get grid locked in heavy snow.

be blown around by side winds – always keep a safe distance. As you approach a bend ensure you are able to stop on your own side of the road in the distance you can see to be clear – you never know what’s around the corner.

If large debris is obstructing the road ahead, be prepared to make a U-turn and use another route. Keep an eye out for gaps between trees, buildings or bridges over a river or railway – these are some of the places you are more likely to be exposed to side winds.

Ensure that you maintain enough room

Keep an eye out for gaps between trees, buildings or bridges over a river or railway – these are some of the places you are more likely to be exposed to side winds High winds Mark Lewis, IAM’s director of standards, has also supplied advice on driving in high winds. He warned drivers to, where possible, plan journeys beforehand and check for any travel disruptions that could cause an issue.

Avoid driving through country roads which are more likely to be exposed to fallen branches and debris.

Gusts of wind can unsettle vehicles – so grip your steering wheel firmly with both hands. This is particularly important when planning an overtake.

Remember to give vulnerable road users including, cyclists, motorcyclists and pedestrians more room than usual. They are more likely to

either side of your vehicle so you can account for it being blown sideways.

Mark said: “Driving in windy conditions can be quite challenging, so it’s important that you concentrate on the road at all times and take particular care when driving through narrow roads or over bridges. Also, keep an eye out for where you will suddenly go from a windy section of the road to a sheltered one – sudden loss of strong winds can be just as unbalancing, so be prepared.”

A few simple checks can greatly reduce the chance of a breakdown, as well as potentially making your car easier and less stressful to drive in winter ice and snow.

Fixing something that’s relatively inexpensive now, after all, might avoid a much more costly failure in the colder conditions – or prevent you from having to pay a costly recovery fee after becoming stranded somewhere.

With the weather warning from the Met

Post-winter blues Winter driving puts an increased strain on both you and your car, so it’s important to make sure that everything is in good order.

VAUXHALL’S WHISPER DIESEL

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Unmistakably quiet and refined, the new range of powertrains combine exceptionally smooth power delivery with money saving economy. And with CO2 emissions starting from 88g/km, the Vauxhall ‘Whisper Diesel’ range offers outstanding efficiency.

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Official Government Test Environmental Data. Fuel consumption figures mpg (litres/100km) and CO2 emissions (g/km).

Whisper Diesel range: Urban 34.4 (8.2) – 74.3 (3.8), Extra Urban 58.9 (4.8) – 91.1 (3.1), Combined 46.3 (6.1) – 85.6 (3.3). CO2 emissions 161 – 88g/km.

Winter Driving

Office continuing past the New Year and into the early months of 2016, road journeys are due to become more difficult and treacherous, particularly in the event of snowfall.

The delayed winter this year may mean that many

Winter ts pu driving ased drivers forget to an incre oth you ‘winter proof’ their b n o n cars, which may incur i a o r s st r car, ke unwelcome, avoidable u o y d a an and expensive repairs. tant to m r o g Keeping the battery p n i im h t y it’s r t eve charged (car batteries sure thain good work harder during is the winter months), order checking tyres regularly (safe

tread is a necessity), brake testing (roads are far more slippery in winter months), clear windscreens (winter weather can obscure a driver’s view), and keeping an emergency kit (in case of a break-down) are all advisable tips to be aware of. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.iam.org.uk

FROM

CO2 88g/km† COMBINED

UP TO

MPG 85.6mpg† UP TO

POWER 170PS

Discover Whisper Diesel at www.vauxhall.co.uk/whisperdiesel

† = Official EU-regulated test data are provided for comparison purposes and actual performance will depend on driving style, road conditions and other non-technical factors. * = Terms and conditions apply and vehicles are subject to availability. Please call 0870 240 4848 for full details. All figures quoted correct at time of going to press (December 2015). Mokka model depicted above shows optional 19-inch alloy wheel at £600.

Commercial Vehicles

The hydrogen fuel cell-powrered GM Electrovan of 1966 aimed to match the acceleration, performance and driving range of a conventionally-fuelled delivery van

Alternative fuel LCV ancestors Unlike the passenger car sector, the low-carbon commercial vehicle market is still in its infancy.

Constant new developments aim to change that, but it is not a new challenge. GreenFleet puts on its rose-tinted glasses and looks back at some of the greener CVs of yesterday Light commercial vehicles (LCVs) are a common sight on our road network, whether they are plying the motorway or scooting through urban areas. Ever-developing technology is making the sector cleaner, but the number of low-carbon LCVs in daily use is still small compared to the passenger car market. The challenge is not new: the technology has been around since the turn of the 20th century. Here, GreenFleet documents some of the past attempts to get LCVs greener.

Quiet running and reliability London stores such as Harrods were among the first to use electric LCVs in the 1910s. A number of 1-tonne vans were imported from the US and then, just as now, users were impressed with the quiet running and reliability the electric commercial vehicle can offer.

In 1936, the Knightsbridge store invested in a 60-strong fleet of coach‑built 1-tonne vans with a 60-mile range. It wasn’t until the mid-1960s that Harrods retired its electric van fleet, with a few having covered around 350,000 miles.

Surprisingly, almost two thirds of the US’ fleet of heavy duty commercial vehicles were electric as early as 1905, and the Electric Vehicle Association of America was set up in 1910 in a bid to convince the public that green was good. In the UK, the Royal Mail dabbled with a fleet of electrified vans, but

was still reluctant to invest in a large order.

It wasn’t until after the Second World War that there were ripples in the UK’s burgeoning electric commercial vehicle market with the arrival of new towns and concrete housing developments. Increased populations in these areas needed access to facilities and services, and so mobile shops and delivery vans were seen as a necessity to serve these off-the‑beaten track families.

Small battery-powered commercial vehicles such as the Trojan Electrovan delivered a quiet and popular service to customers and operators alike.

The world’s first hydrogen fuel cell vehicle arrived in 1966, in the shape of the General Motors (GM) Electrovan. Using high power silver-zinc battery technology and an AC‑induction motor with a solid‑state controller from GM’s Electrovair II electric car, the Electrovan was a converted Corvair van which ditched Electrovair’s batteries for a cryogenic fuel cell system.

The rather sizable van had continuous and peak outputs of 32kW and 160kW respectively.

Not particularly safe and therefore not approved for full‑scale production, the Electrovan also carried a pair of rear‑mounted pressurised storage tanks for liquid hydrogen and oxygen.

While it may have not been safe, the Electrovan had an impressive range of over 120 miles, but the inherent danger of explosions was as volatile as the gas in its tanks. The use of fuel cells in the 1960s space race proved the inspiration behind the Electrovan, but as time was to prove, it was by no means the final frontier as far as the technology was concerned. However, in some quarters, it was seen as the most advanced electric vehicle yet built. E

The world’s hydrog first cell veh en fuel Electrov icle, the GM 1966 a an arrived in nd b a 120-moasted il range e

Major player Another major player was the Harbilt HSV3. A UK‑manufactured light commercial van, the HSV3 could keep up with urban traffic flow easily, and although heavier batteries meant its payload was reduced compared to the thousands of milk floats Harbilt also made, the HSV3 was extremely popular and helped Harbilt Electric Trucks and Vehicles become the market leader – over 80 per cent of the 50,000 electric vehicles on the road up to the 1970s were Harbilts. It even exported vans to the US.

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

19

C iPad

M

Y

CM

MY

CY

CMY

K

MEET PAULA: FUEL ChAMPion Paula couldn’t believe her eyes when she saw how much this quarter’s fuel spend had dropped.

We asked Paula what was her secret: “Steertrak: We got them in to laser align all of our vehicles” And what difference does it make?

“Have you ever tried pushing a shopping trolley when the wheels aren’t straight? It’s just hard work. It’s no different on a truck either...Wonky wheels means wasted fuel!”

Many fleets are still missing this fuel saving opportunity because they still think of wheel alignment as just “Tracking”. Steertrak take a whole vehicle approach assessing all aspects of steering and axles, operational use and maintenance. It’s a case of straight wheels, straight driving and savings straight to the bottom line.

MEET MorE oF oUr FUEL ChAMPions steertrak.co.uk

Want to be a fuel champion?

01684 276700

fuelchampion@steertrak.co.uk Steertrak Ltd, Commercial House, Station Road Business Park, Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire GL20 5DR.

ST0011_Meet_ad_V3_A5.indd 5

20

DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT | www.greenfleet.net

www.steertrak.co.uk 20/02/2015 08:44

The 1975 Bedford CF Electric Van was developed in partnership with Lucas, the Chloride Group and the UK government

Commercial Vehicles

EVs. The 1982 Lucas Electric Delivery Van was based around the Bedford CF van. The CF Electric was the first mass-produced EV derived from a fossil fuel vehicle. Built in partnership between Bedford, Lucas, Chloride Group and the UK government on a five-year grant scheme, the CF Electric had batteries mounted below the load compartment in-between the front and rear axles, just like several modern-day EVs. A motor at the rear, coupled to a step-down reduction gearbox, provided the motive power, with a control system mounted under the bonnet, while a diesel-powered heater provided warmth. Regenerative braking also featured in the CF Electric, First fossil fuel-derived though was not advisable in the wet, mass‑produced EV as the motor locked the rear wheels in a British electric components company Lucas fashion to applying Batteries also Greenfleet made several commercial ProalignLtd Advert 190x135 FINAL_Layout similar 1 28/08/2015 17:06 Pagethe 1 handbrake.

British Postal Museum & Archive

 Number of powertrains Around the same time as General Motors was experimenting with hybrid fuel cells, Volkswagen was developing a number of powertrains for its popular Type 2 light commercial vehicle. The T2 Elektro Transporter was powered by a 17kW/23bhp continuous output electric motor, with a with a peak output of 33kW. Range was around 50 miles from the 850kg bank of lead acid batteries, which were sandwiched between the cargo floor and the chassis.

Heavy batteries meant a heavy overall weight, though. The 3,075kg Elektro Transporter had a top speed of 46mph and got to 31mph in a very leisurely 12 seconds.

A single‑speed drive transmission put the batteries’ power down to the wheels, while an early form of regenerative braking showcased technology which we take for granted today.

Around 150 Elektro Transporters were actually built for use in urban areas, and VW also developed prototype hybrid-electric microbus taxi and gas turbine T2 variants.

As Volkswagen concentrates on developing its electromobility offerings and displayed its all-electric BUDD-e microbus concept at this year’s Consumer Electronics Show (pages 22-23), the Elektro Transporter shows that the company has investigated the electric commercial vehicle before.

Volkswagen AG

Volkswagen’s Type 2 Elektro Transporter of the 1970s featured 850kg of lead-acid batteries sandwiched between the load compartment and the chassis

Among users of the CF Electric were government agencies, Royal Mail as well as local authorities. With a much higher price than a standard CF van, and slowadvancing battery technology out paid to the CF Electric, it was withdrawn in 1987. L

Go Green with Alignment Save Fuel Reduce Co2 emissions Save Tyres Save Money ...the

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Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

21

CES 2016

Green light for the automotive industry at CES The 2016 Consumer Electronics Show, which took place from 6-9 January, witnessed a growth in interest from the automotive industry, as the gap between vehicles and technology closes and innovation spreads The prominent arrival of tech start-up manufacturers such as Tesla to the motor industry in recent years has undoubtedly provoked a response from car makers across the world. Las Vegas’ glamorous technology event, the Consumer Electronics Show (CES) was a surprising showroom of new electric vehicle (EV) concepts.

Audi, Chevrolet and Volkswagen were among a host of carmakers revealing new EV prototypes at CES 2016, proving that the worlds of automotive and technology are merging, with new, diverse and advanced concepts on display.

With an on-going theme of connectivity, manufacturers embraced the tech-savvy nature of 2016.

Volkswagen (VW) endured a turbulent year in 2015.

Plastered across the front pages of the press as the emissions scandal unravelled, VW’s Herbert Deiss announced plans last October to focus the company’s attention to plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles. At CES 2016, VW showcased the BUDD-e, a new, all electric concept car, an insight into the German manufacturer’s future tech policies.

However, rumours from the show claim that the model may be manufactured with a plan to arrive in 2018.

The BUDD-e is fully electric, built on a new all-electric platform, using the company’s own battery technology stock, and features in-car tech such as smart home connectivity.

Figures announced at the show predicted a total power output of 235kW with a potential range of 233 miles on a single charge, and an 80 per cent charge capacity in half an hour.

Volkswagen also revealed a new infotainment system for the e-Golf, featuring new gesture control and advanced voice recognition.

Connecting to the future While autonomous driving experienced a revival of sorts at CES 2016, it was the role of connected cars that had the event floor buzzing. It was clear that designers are looking to make the most of connected cars, rather than just use it for self‑driving and safety devices.

Volvo has designed a system to allow owners to communicate with their car, using a smart watch to pre-condition their vehicle, set up navigation systems or lock the doors.

Toyota are beginning to reap the rewards of its billion-dollar investment into the new Toyota Research Institute (TRI). Announcing four key goals for the next few years: to build an autonomous car that is incapable of crashing; to increase access for those who can’t drive currently; to translate research

While us mo autono erienced exp driving al of sorts at a reviv 6, it was the 1 s CES 20 onnected car c role of ad the event that h r buzzing floo

to indoor mobility; and to accelerate development of AI and machine learning.

The Japanese manufacturer also announced a scheme to make use of the technology already fitted to its cars to create a real-time mapping service. The mapping technology uses images and GPS systems to provide a deeper understanding of road layouts, traffic routes and signage, which will be essential to the implementation of safe automated driving.

The Nissan-Renault Alliance also announced plans to launch 10 mainstream, affordable, autonomous vehicles within the next four years. The Alliance has laid out what seem very sensible plans to stagger the levels of autonomous driving technology available to let drivers and infrastructure develop to the new systems. Renault and Nissan will start this year with single-lane control for motorway and heavy traffic driving without changing lanes. In 2018 that will increase to multiple lane control where the car can overtake and negotiate hazards itself, before 2020’s launch of a system that can deal with junctions without any driver intervention.

Bosch also brought along a concept car that shows off what it will be promising in the next few years. The key tech being showcased on the car was a large ‘haptic’ touchscreen covering the whole dashboard and centre console, which it is hoped will help keep driver’s eyes on the road as part of the new haptic feedback infotainment system.

Visual interest Audi, which is owned by VW, is using CES 2016 to continue its own electrification The Faraday Future FFZERO1 Concept car is a single-seat electric racer, but the modular chassis underneath it (inset) will underpin a range of EVs

22

The Chevrolet Bolt EV promises a 200-mile range for $30,000

CES has showcased that the growth and production of electric vehicles are going to expand over the next few years.

Autonomous driving may re-emerge as a market-leading concept, but its more likely 2016 will be the year of connected vehicles programme; releasing details of its e-tron Quattro concept – an EV sport SUV. The SUV consists of three electric motors with a total output of 370KW. Audi claims that its 95kWh battery – again positioned for optimal performance – can reach a range of more than 310 miles.

The model on display at CES 2016 is a preview to models which Audi claims will be market-ready by 2018. These models will also combat e-waste by adopting a scalable electronic architecture strategy which allows the vehicles to bypass the short product cycles associated with electric products, by allowing small-scale upgrades to particular parts of the vehicle.

German manufacturer BMW caught the eye with it’s BMW’s i8 Mirrorless concept. Hoping to showcase the benefits of swapping external mirrors for cameras, BMW aims to lead danger prevention technology. The i3 interior mirror view is overlaid with images from a camera located on the roof which allows a larger field of vision. The i3 also includes Gesture Control Parking technology, which uses the car’s automatic parking features by gesturing what you wish the car to do. A possible production i8 Spyder containing no doors was also on show so that visitors could view the AirTouch gesture control technology.

Chevrolet’s Bolt EV stood out among the crowd as one of the few models confirmed for production, escaping the exciting, but dooming concept tag. With a range quoted at 200 miles and the promise of an affordable price (rumoured at $30,000), many are predicting the Bolt to be a crucial model in EV production, although it is unlikely to be gracing UK roads.

New entrants For the past few years, recently-established Californian company Faraday has been working in the shadows of Tesla. However, using CES 2016 as a springboard for success, Faraday Future unveiled a theoretical

EV concept named the FFZERO1. Under new Chinese financial backing, the electric hypercar claims to have 745kW/1,000bhp, an ability to reach 60mph in under three seconds, and a top speed of just over 200mph.

The chassis underneath can be lengthened with extra battery cells added between the axles, allowing a variety of bodystyles to be made. Research chief Nick Samson, formerly an engineer for Tesla, said that this architecture would enable Faraday Future to move faster than its competitors by using the same basic underlying structure for all vehicles.

Sampson said: “We all share a common goal to profoundly move the world in better, cleaner and more intelligent ways. We have a very transformative vision. We are embarking on nothing less than a complete rethink on what mobility means. You don’t need to have a 100-year legacy in the automotive industry to define what the next generation of mobility needs to look and feel like.”

A door-less BMW i8 Spyder concept previewed AirTouch gesture control technology

CES 2016

Bosch’s haptic touchscreens keep drivers’ eyes on the road

Another new entrant to the EV market on display at CES 2016 was American firm Arcimoto. The company has been working for the past eight years on developing affordable, full‑utility, pure electric vehicles for every‑day driving, culminating in a three-wheeled electric motorcycle – the SRK. The SRK has two battery packs available – one with a 70‑mile range and another reaching 130 miles off a single charge. The batteries can take between 90 minutes to three hours to fully charge fully, but boasts top speeds of 80mph.

A future foothold CES has showcased that the growth and production of electric vehicles are definitely going to expand over the next few years. Autonomous driving may re‑emerge as a market-leading concept, but it is more likely that 2016 will be the year of connected vehicles. An emphasis on the technology available from the driver’s seat makes the inside of the green cars the envy of the outside.

A battle between technology companies and car manufacturers is brewing as the fight for a strong foothold intensifies, and with the arrival of Google and Apple into the car industry anticipated soon, it certainly is an exiting time for green cars. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.cesweb.org

Volkswagen’s BUDD-e all‑electric minibus features 235kW of power, 233 miles of range, smart connectivity and may go into production in 2018

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

23

Detroit Motor Show

A foggy green future for America’s Motor City?

With the 2016 Detroit motor show somewhat flattering to deceive this year, GreenFleet ponders whether it is bad news for the green car industry, or good news in disguise?

The 2016 Detroit motor show, otherwise known as the North American International Auto Show, opened its doors on 11 January for a preview of brand new production cars and concept cars for guests to drool over. This year, Volvo, Audi and Mercedes Benz seemed to steal the show and the majority of camera flashes, but it was a mixed field in terms of green vehicles.

Show officials report 5,068 journalists from 60 countries attended the two-day press preview that has become synonymous with generating news that shapes the future of the industry and attracts the world’s top automotive leaders.

As GreenFleet reported last January (GreenFleet 80, pages 42-43), the 2015 Detroit motor show was awash with the latest in hybrid technology. It was the stage for the unveiling of Chevrolet’s Bolt EV Concept, the newly-seen Audi Q7, the Chevrolet Volt, Hyundai’s plug-in hybrid Sonata and Volkswagen’s Cross Coupe GTE. As the first motoring show of the year, it provided much promise for environmental driving.

Much was also expected of this year’s show. However, those expecting another hailing of hybrid technology left disappointed.

The show appeared to steer back towards traditional American automotive values and revealed very little surprises. The Consumer Electronics Show (CES) (pages 22-23) hosted the week before and fast becoming more of

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a motoring show, would have been a better destination for green car enthusiasts…

Hybrid or bye-brid?

The good news for plug-in hybrids is that plug-in hybrids appear to no longer grab the headlines. Many believe that this technology will steer the car industry in the right direction for the next few years – that is unless the quality of batteries improve drastically. The fact that so little was announced at the Detroit event on the production and development of plug-in hybrids is a testament to the progress the industry has made in recent years. Much of the show was dominated by a combination of cutting edge coupes (Lexus LC500) and bold SUVs (Lincoln MKX SUV). Nevertheless, of the green cars grabbing the headlines, the new Mercedes E-Class is bidding to be the most technologically advanced car the manufacturer has ever produced. Arriving with a range of more powerful and efficient engines (believed to total a choice of eight upon completion), the saloon model is set to go on sale in the summer, with the Estate, Coupe and Convertible following shortly after.

In line with the growing demand for zero emission capability, Mercedes is due to introduce a plug-in hybrid model in the UK after the original summer launch. it uses a

t Bolt EV Chevrole

developed version of the C350e’s driveline, with a turbocharged 2.0-litre petrol engine and electric motor within the gearbox. That provides the E350e with outputs of 275bhp and 442lb ft and a combined economy of 135mpg, with CO2 emissions of 49g/km.

The E-Class maintains the evolution of Mercedes’ modular rear architecture (MRA) platform. A choice of three suspension tunes with variable damping control is planned from the outset: Comfort, Comfort Avantgarde (with a 15mm reduction in ride height) and Sport, which also possesses a 15mm ride height reduction.

Inside the car, Mercedes also supports the growing appetite for game changing technology. Laser-guided touchpads on each of the steering wheel’s horizontal spokes, a further touchpad between the front seats, and a speech recognition system enable the driver full control of a new command infotainment system. With the earliest arrivals on UK roads set for May, a starting price of £36,000 is mooted.

One to watch out for The The plug-in hybrid which gained mass attention pivotal y was the Volvo S90, g o l techno all-new pinpointed by e h t many as a car to d behin ler Pacifica watch in 2016. A Chrys ts innovative clear rival to the is i Hybrid ically variable electr smission Chrysler Pacifica tran T) Hybrid (EV

ro ron quatt Audi h-t concept

long range motoring. Although, Audi ensured that this is certainly only a concept at the moment, the h-tron shares a lot of its engineering and manufacturing processes with the e-tron, which has been confirmed to go into production by 2018.

Promising zero emission compatibility, a refuelling time of just four minutes using the latest in hydrogen fuelling technology and a creditable 373-mile range, the four‑wheel-drive concept is also claimed to have a 0-62mph time of less than seven seconds, a restricted 124mph top speed and the ability to run in front-wheel drive mode at typical urban speeds.

Efficient driving Debuting at the show was the Chrysler Pacifica, with a hybrid model stealing attention from its standard counterpart.

Launching in late 2016, but dubbed the 2017 Pacifica Hybrid, the vehicle is the company’s first foray into the electric minivan market. With an estimated 248bhp, the vehicle will deliver an estimated range of 30 miles solely on zero emissions electric power from a 16kWh lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery. In city driving, it is expected to achieve an efficiency rating of 80 miles per gallon equivalent (MPGe), based on US Environmental Protection Agency standards.

Once the battery drops to a certain threshold, the Pacifica becomes a part-time electric vehicle.

Power to the wheels is supplied by the electric drive system or supplemented by a specially adapted new version of the award‑winning FCA US Pentastar 3.6-litre V6 engine.

The pivotal technology behind the all-new Chrysler Pacifica Hybrid is its innovative electrically variable transmission (EVT).

Designed and patented by FCA US, the device features two electric motors – both of which are capable of driving the vehicle’s wheels.

Toyota used Detroit to display a research vehicle based on the Mirai fuel cell vehicle which is equipped with Kymeta satellite communications technology. Working to

Infiniti Q X60 Hyb rid

enhance its connected technologies, the company announced plans to use satellite communications in the future, including high capacity satellites that offer much higher data transfer rates than conventional satellite technologies.

Detroit Motor Show

E-Class amongst others, the S90 uses the same T8 Twin Engine PHEV set-up that has already proved successful in the XC90 SUV, and holds an electric only range is quoted at more than 28 miles.

Volvo is targeting S90 UK sales of approximately 2,000 units per year, advised Nick Connor, the manufacturer’s UK managing director. The car is not being produced solely ‘to drive volume’ but rather to ‘supply only what the market wants’.

Thomas Ingenlath, Senior Vice President Design at Volvo Car Group, said: “Our idea was to bring something entirely new to this rather conservative segment and deliver a visual expression that exudes leadership and confidence on the exterior. On the inside, we have taken the S90 to the next level, delivering a high-end luxury experience that promises comfort and control.”

Dr Peter Mertens, Senior Vice President, Research & Development at Volvo Car Group, said: “The S90 has taken a big stride forwards in terms of driving dynamics, performance and ride. We have completely redesigned the Volvo driving experience from the ground up to deliver a sense of precision, engaging control and comfort.”

Following on from the SUV GTE appearance at last year’s Frankfurt motor show, the Volkswagen Tiguan GTE Active Concept combines progressive plug-in hybrid drive with maximum off-road power. The firm confirmed that a Tiguan GTE will go into production with a petrol engine and two electric motors – one for each axle – allowing the popular SUV to be available with an all‑electric all‑wheel drive capability. Volkswagen is also showcasing its next-generation infotainment system, which uses gesture control and a massive 9.2-inch touchscreen instead of conventional buttons and dials.

Audi’s h-tron quattro concept is powered by a hydrogen fuel cell stack for zero emission

A second time surprise?

Another car to feature in Detroit was the Chevrolet Bolt EV. Arriving with a 60kWh battery, the car is not set for UK sales.

However, much of the hype regarding the Bolt was dispelled by its appearance at CES 2016.

Similarly, the Mercedes E-Class and Volvo S90 had details and photos emerge prior to the show, while the Tiguan was at Frankfurt.

Paul Sabatini, NAIAS 2016 chairman, said: “Again this year, we enjoyed the confidence of automakers who selected our show and the heart of the industry, the Motor City, as the backdrop for their new product reveals. Of the 57 introductions at NAIAS, nearly 90 percent were worldwide debuts, which is an incredible testament to the global position of importance that NAIAS plays in automaker’s new vehicle and technology launch strategies.“ While there was much to appreciate at Detroit, you can’t help but think that America’s Motor City somewhat disappointed with its green contingent this year. The show stoppers, the likes of the Volkswagen BUDD-e, Faraday Future’s FFZERO and the Chevrolet Bolt, were all present at CES. Last year’s glamour and excitement left Detroit with much to live up to, and perhaps an underwhelming feeling was therefore inevitable.

With Geneva fast approaching, let’s hope that there is more green innovation just around the corner. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.naias.com

Volvo S9 0

VW Tiguan GTE Active Concept

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Low Emission Vehicles Written by Richard Bruce, Head, Office for Low Emission Vehicles

Working to make Britain’s roads greener Following December’s announcement of a long-term extension to the plug-in car grant, backed by a £400 million package to treble the number of ultra low emission vehicles on Britain’s roads, OLEV’s Richard Bruce talks to GreenFleet about why there’s never been a better time to go green As many GreenFleet readers will know, the Office for Low Emission Vehicles (OLEV) works across UK government to support the early market for ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs). 2015 was a significant year for OLEV, and at the beginning of 2016 there is no doubting that the government remains as committed as ever to driving forward the revolution in electric mobility, backed by a record £600 million of funding by 2020 to make sure we continue to lead the world in this exciting field.

There are more than twice the number of low emission vehicles on the road now than this time last year. Sales of new ULEVs doubled between 2014 and 2015 and we expect further growth in 2016 as manufacturers bring new vehicles to market including ULEV versions of some of their best-selling models.

2015 also saw some exciting developments in ULEV technology. After many years of planning and anticipation, we saw the introduction of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles to UK roads.

The UK is one of just a handful of global launch markets for these vehicles and OLEV is jointly funding a network of hydrogen refuelling stations to support the uptake of these early hydrogen vehicles.

We are also now seeing manufacturers starting to offer longer ranges on their battery electric vehicles. Nissan has moved first with their 30kWh Leaf but we can expect a steady flow of longer range vehicles in 2016 and beyond, which we expect to achieve real-world electric ranges of 150 miles and above.

Just before Christmas we announced the extension of the Plug-in Car Grant with £400 million of funding guaranteeing it will be in place until at least March 2018.

We ect can exp ow of y fl a stead r-range longe n 2016, Emission Vehicle Alliance, i vehiclese expect to committing to work towards making all which we real-world passenger vehicle sales achiev ranges of zero emission no later than 2050. This was a welcome electric miles reminder that the UK is not 150

Green grants New grant levels come into effect from March 2016 prioritising the cleanest, greenest vehicles, and reflecting the strong growth we have seen in the plug-in hybrid vehicle market over the last two years. We also reinforced our position as a global leader in greener technology at the UN climate talks in Paris. The UK joined 13 other international partners, including Germany, Norway, the Netherlands and California in the Zero

26

alone in our vision of a zero emission future for road transport.

Forward thinking As 2016 gets under way there is lots more to look forward to. We will shortly be making an announcement on the winners of the Go Ultra Low City Scheme, backing the successful cities’ proposals to increase the adoption of plug-in cars and vans in their area through a combination of charging infrastructure, innovative new technology and other local initiatives.

Over the coming months we will also be allocating funding for buses and taxis, to extend support to ULEVs as part of local transport networks, and continue to focus

DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT | www.greenfleet.net

on UK charging infrastructure. A reliable, accessible and affordable charging network is critical to supporting ULEV uptake and enabling existing drivers to maximise the benefits of driving an electric vehicle.

In addition, we will continue to support research and development, working with Innovate UK and private sector partners to ensure that the UK remains at the forefront of the transition to the low emission industry.

The Go Ultra Low campaign also goes from strength to strength, bringing together government and industry to highlight the benefits of using a plug-in vehicle and encouraging consumers and businesses to make the switch to electric motoring.

2016 looks set to be a big year for us in OLEV and for the whole industry. There’s never been a better time to go green. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ office-for-low-emission-vehicles

Telematics Written by Gerry Keaney, BVRLA chief executive

Joined-up thinking: connected cars and the future of fleets Technology is revolutionising the way vehicles are driven and fleets are managed.

BVRLA chief executive Gerry Keaney explores the latest innovations in telematics, and examines the privacy issues which surround them The latest generation of connected vehicles are cleaner, safer and much more communicative.

Information that was once only accessible by lifting the bonnet or plugging into the onboard diagnostics port is now being transmitted in real time. By 2020, it’s estimated that 33 million vehicles will be sold each year with in-car connectivity, which will generate more than 163 million terabytes of data each year between them. That’s the equivalent to 163,000,000,000,000 (163 billion) books.

More connected services The in-car connectivity that is being fitted is also known as telematics. In trucks the tachograph may be classed as a telematics device, while in cars, drivers may be more familiar with manufacturers’ own equipment, which is delivering more connected services.

From April 2018, automatic emergency call – or eCall – will be fitted as standard to every new car sold in the EU. This technology will enable new cars to detect the severity of a crash and automatically dial the emergency services. Using speakers and microphones, it can connect occupants with an operator even if they’re trapped within the car.

This kind of technology means that it is now possible for people outside the car –

employers and fleet managers, for example – to monitor the location, speed and distance travelled while an individual is driving on company business. Yet it also raises concerns about how fleets will continue to offer their own services – such as roadside assistance and service management – when vehicle manufacturers will be able to communicate directly with the car itself, as well as the driver.

Essentially, the arrival of the connected car means that the dashboard is now a point of sale for all kinds of products and services. There is also the fear that vehicles themselves are capable of delivering gigabytes of valuable real-time data, and fleet managers could be overwhelmed.

The vehicle rental and leasing industry needs to adapt to this new environment and ensure that it continues to offer a range of innovative mobility services.

Most efficient routes Looking forward, the vehicle of the future will be able to use up-to-the minute information from the internet to deliver vehicle occupants to their destination even more safely, efficiently and conveniently.

Currently vehicles can use an internet connection to plot the most efficient routes avoiding traffic, but in future, integration into the Internet of Things will unlock a host of vehicle and transportrelated services, as connected cars share data with other vehicles, other modes of transport and the infrastructure around them – this is what is meant by ‘Intelligent Mobility’.

Having access to real-time vehicle data and running it through sophisticated algorithms will allow preventive diagnostics – thereby enabling fleet managers to predict the remaining life of serviceable car parts.

This could make it possible to avoid expensive repairs by getting vehicles booked in for a service in advance, thereby avoiding long periods of vehicles being off the road.

Technological and business convergence E

Having acc real-timess to data an e vehicle through d running it so algorith phisticated allow p ms will re diagno ventive stics

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Your driver has just been involved in a four-car sandwich 10 seconds later, you know more about it than he does.

Redtail Telematics - the best telematics data in the business Plextek Building London Road Great Chesterford Essex CB10 1NY 01799 533300 www.redtailtelematics.com

Telematics

Connected cars: the BVRLA’s current policy position The BVRLA’s current policy position is that: Vehicle owners and drivers should be in charge of how their data is used.  This new environment is heralding a new era of technological and business convergence involving OEMs, mobile network operators, insurers, technology companies and fleet operators. Collecting, analysing and delivering services based on this data represents a massive revenue opportunity.

But increased revenue is not the only opportunity being provided by the connected car. The ability to track and manage vehicles’ whereabouts not only has the opportunity to overwhelm fleet managers, but it could also create serious headaches due to the privacy issues. What data is being captured?

Who owns it? How is it accessed? Regulators and legislators are failing to keep pace with this new environment, and current data protection, type approval and block exemption regulations are well out of date.

The BVRLA has been discussing the issue of vehicle and driver data with members and key stakeholders since 2013. It featured in both our 2014 and 2015 Fleet

These findings collected the views of more than 150 fleet managers, rental operators and leasing companies. While one third claimed to be early adopters of new vehicle technology, more than half said they will wait until they can demonstrate a clear return on investment.

Positive impacts While data remains a key operational concern, it is road safety that has emerged as a key theme throughout the BVRLA’s discussions.

Autonomous driving and safety technologies were described as having one of the most positive impacts on the fleet industry, second only to ultra-low emission powertrains.

Similarly, reduced accident rates were described as a key benefit of new technology, second only to reduced transport costs.

Looking forward to 2020, respondents said that Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB) and in-car video would be the most important safety technologies for fleets.

Having spoken with its members, the BVRLA

Autonomous driving and safety technologies were described as having one of the most positive impacts on the fleet industry Technology Congress, and at our 2014 and 2015 Industry Conferences. The BVRLA Fleet Industry Manifesto, published in December 2014, spurred the government into creating a Centre for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (C-CAV), which was announced in July 2015. The BVRLA has continued to work with it ever since.

Also in 2015, the BVRLA published the results of its annual Fleet Technology Survey. This research revealed that 97 per cent of fleets are excited about the changes new automotive technology will bring to the sector, but the 58 per cent said it is difficult to quantify the benefits.

will spend much of 2016 working to ensure rental and leasing companies are able to meet fleets’ needs by tackling the main issues.

The BVRLA recognises that it will take time to put this new regulatory environment in place. In the meantime, it is working with members to address some of the immediate operational issues surrounding the current generation of in-car connected services.

In particular, the BVRLA wants to protect its members’ rights as vehicle owners to opt out of any connected offerings that might conflict with the services they offer, for example breakdown or roadside assistance,

Regulators need to support the introduction of open, standardised, secure and non-discriminatory data sharing platforms.

These platforms need to enable a variety of businesses to develop services for vehicle drivers and owners, ensuring a fair and open aftermarket for vehicle data.

The Information Commissioner should investigate the current rules regulating fleet and driver information with a view to improving consumer confidence.

The government should consider whether the Commissioner’s existing powers are sufficient in safeguarding the above data protection rights, or whether additional powers should be awarded. accident services and the arrangement of any servicing and repairs. It is also seeking clarification around which driver data is collected by vehicle manufacturers, and who is responsible for meeting data protection rules.

New vehicle technologies As usual, the vehicle rental and leasing industry will play a major role in adopting new vehicle technologies. Not only will BVRLA members adopt these new vehicles and systems, but they will take the lead to ensure they are at the forefront of these trends to get effective use out of the latest developments and deliver the benefits for their customers.

The BVRLA will continue to assist its members with advice, information and resources that will minimise any disruption to businesses, and enable them to fully harness the benefits of this new technology. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.bvrla.co.uk

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Alternative Fuels

Low emission vehicles and LPG: a renewed interest

Written by Mike Chapman, manager of UKLPG

In light of the resurgance of using automotive LPG low emission vehicles, Mike Chapman, manager of UKLPG, discusses the financial and environmental benefits of switching to LPG

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Many will remember the popularity of automotive liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) with both policy makers and the automotive industry in the UK in the early 2000s. But, when government subsidies ended in 2005 and with uncertainty over long-term fuel duty support, vehicle manufacturers gradually withdrew from providing new models, so interest in the fuel declined across the fleet market.

However, the global picture is somewhat different. For example, automotive LPG is a very popular fuel in countries such as Italy, France, Poland and Germany, with the latter country boasting around 17 different vehicle manufacturers offering automotive LPG

options on their cars and vans. With the recent diesel emissions scandal on the radar of consumers and businesses alike, the right conditions are now in place for automotive LPG – the long-time Cinderella fuel of the industry – to once again become popular in the UK. Why LPG? According to data from Public Health England, poor air quality is responsible for the deaths of 29,000 people each year, and it is clear that action must

be taken to clean up the nation’s roads.

Electric and hydrogen vehicles will deservedly benefit from further government and industry backing, but a level playing field must be created to give equal recognition and support to all alternative fuels.

The reality is that, unlike emerging fuels, automotive LPG is ideally placed to make an immediate impact to reduce the pollutants plaguing our roads, especially those that are harmful to human health. Furthermore,

With t n the recessions i m diesel e l on the scanda sinesses, u radar b conditions t the righ place for are in otive autom LPG

Alternative Fuels

for cost‑conscious fleet managers, the sums really do add up. Although subsidies ended in 2005, vehicles have continued to be converted post‑production in the UK. Thousands of motorists have benefited each year from lower running costs and reduced, cleaner emissions.

Additionally, automotive LPG system manufacturers have continued to develop and refine their systems and the technology is well proven and extremely reliable.

Research and development continues, with automotive LPG systems now available for many vehicles with direct‑injection engines.

20 per cent less CO2 According to the 2015 European Fuel Quality Directive, which places automotive LPG as part of the solution to decarbonising the transport sector in Europe, automotive LPG emits over 20 per cent less carbon than both petrol and diesel. Research conducted by the EU Joint Research Centre has given automotive LPG a greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity figure far more favourable than petrol or diesel.

Calculated on a life cycle basis, meaning that the emissions from the extraction, processing and distribution are included, the figures given in the Directive show automotive LPG as

73.1 gCO2eq/MJ, petrol as 93.3 gCO2eq/MJ, diesel as 95.1 gCO2eq/MJ, CNG as 69.3 gCO2eq/MJ and LNG as 74.5 gCO2eq/MJ. The EU has set a target to reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of fuels and, clearly, automotive LPG has a tangible role to play in achieving this goal. Indeed, its significant air quality advantages over even Euro 6 diesel engines (especially in real world driving conditions) means that automotive LPG is plainly positioned as a low emission vehicle fuel.

Biopropane source Of course, the story does not stop with existing automotive LPG technology as the fuel is also a strong partner for future technologies. It has significant scope to work with fuel cells, plug-in hybrids and APU types. Additionally, Britain has been identified as one of five potential European countries for distribution of a new supply of biopropane. Once deployed, biopropane could make a major contribution to Britain’s 2020 Renewable Energy targets in both transport and heating applications.

Biopropane is chemically indistinct from propane and can therefore be used in any ratio with fossil fuel propane, right up to the maximum 100 per cent. This will make it the first ‘drop-in’ renewable transport and heating fuel available in the British market. The scale of deployment in Britain and applications chosen for this green gas will very much depend on the regulatory frameworks in place for heating and transport.

Stephen Rennie, managing director of Calor Gas Limited, said: “We are very excited about this development as it shows that automotive LPG, via biopropane, has a long term future in the British energy market and has a major part to play in helping Britain achieve its renewable energy targets.”

The financial environment has long been a concern of fleets and vehicle manufacturers. In the past, the Treasury has made announcements covering periods of up to three years that the differential in duty between automotive LPG and petrol/diesel would not decrease by more than 1p per year.

In practice, the difference between the duty on petrol and diesel has remained constant over the past 12 years, at around 42 pence.

In December 2013, following representations by the automotive LPG industry, the government gave a commitment that this support on fuel duty would be extended for 10 years until 2024.

Support for automotive LPG Over the past year, there has been an increasing acceptance of automotive LPG in the low emission vehicle arena. In 2014, for example, a report by The LowCVP outlined a roadmap to decarbonise road transport fuel in the period to 2030 and beyond. The Fuels Roadmap set out a variety of transport options to deliver on the UK and Europe’s low carbon transport targets, highlighting a role for automotive LPG and bio-LPG. Furthermore, according to Element Energy’s research, converting 10 per cent of medium to large spark ignition internal combustion engine (SI ICE) cars and vans to dual-fuel automotive LPG would bring savings of 100 kt CO2. This is based on accepted tank-to-wheel (TTW) savings of approximately 11 per cent for an automotive LPG vehicle compared to SI ICE. These figures do not take account of the Well to Tank figures as highlighted by the EU which, if included, would double the carbon savings.

Celine Cluzel, principal consultant at Element Energy, authored the LowCVP studies: Options and recommendations to meet the RED transport target; and Road Transport Fuels Roadmap for the UK. Cluzel commented: “Meeting the UK’s carbon reduction targets calls for a transformation in the way in which we think about transport. However, it is important that we embrace the divergent technologies, fuels and powertrains available to ensure we are able to map out a complete journey towards decarbonisation.

“In the case of automotive LPG, there are clear reasons for its inclusion in the Roadmap, not least its impact on reducing emissions and minimising energy spend. Automotive LPG is a national natural resource and, as such, provides significant opportunities to augment the wider low carbon transport picture.”

Lowering emissions and costs Drivers in the UK saved an estimated £66 million on their fuel bills in 2014 by using automotive LPG, according to Autogas Limited. Reported figures put the average current UK price at the end of September for automotive LPG as 56.1 pence per litre (ppl), compared to 109.78ppl for unleaded petrol.

One organisation which has benefited from the switch to automotive LPG is Anglesey County Council, which first realised the benefits of the fuel back in 2007. To meet emissions and cost management E Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

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Channel stop.

Informative video content on environmental fleet management from the UK and around the world.

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Alternative Fuels

It’s time to seize the opportunity to map out the future of low‑carbon transport for the UK – and to give consumers and fleet managers a chance to more widely benefit from the range of proven solutions that alternative fuels offer

and contributing towards the UK’s carbon reduction targets.

The backlash to the recent emissions scandal shows that consumers are clearly looking for reliable and clean fuels which are much less damaging to the environment and emit significantly fewer harmful pollutants.

“Both policy makers and manufacturers must start engaging with the respective alternative fuel industry bodies to see how they can support proposals for lower emissions.

“It’s time to seize the opportunity to map out the future of low‑carbon transport for the UK – and to give consumers and fleet managers a chance to more widely benefit from the range of proven solutions that alternative fuels offer.” L.UKLPG.ORG

 targets, the council converted 63 vehicles to automotive LPG. The majority of vehicles converted under the scheme were vans used by highway inspectors, waste management inspectors and home carers, as well as for general council duties. Such vehicles are typically expensive in terms of fuel costs and are widely acknowledged as a high level emitter of pollutants, including NOx, which is known to cause and exacerbate respiratory problems, such as asthma.

Following the conversion, the council now saves an average of £1,200 per vehicle per year, meaning it is able to continue to provide valuable services in the Anglesey area without compromising on quality.

Noel Roberts, the council’s fleet manager, said that the council’s ‘phenomenal savings’ have delighted the board, with an average annual saving of over £75,000. The introduction of automotive LPG has been so successful for the team that it has installed its own tank on site for refuelling and made it council policy to buy dual fuel vehicles only in the future.

www.uklpg.org

Paying for itself The Fiat Doblo Cargo 1.4 won Fleet Van’s ‘Van of the Year’ award in 2010 and has been converted to run on LPG by Autogas Ltd. The van itself costs £14,845 excluding VAT when new and, after paying £1,450 plus VAT for the conversion, the savings immediately start from lower fuel use.

Autogas Ltd advises that the van costs 10 pence per mile in automotive LPG, as opposed to 17 pence per mile for petrol, raising the combined mpg figure from 39.2mpg to 56.2mpg. Meanwhile CO2 emissions are down by 17 per cent, NOx is down 20 per cent and there are no particulate emissions at all, unlike with diesel.

On these figures, the conversion will pay for itself after 20,000 miles. After 60,000 miles, taking off the cost of the conversion, each van running on automotive LPG could save £2,800.

The final view Rob Shuttleworth, chief executive of UKLPG, commented: “Automotive LPG offers important environmental and financial benefits, with independent studies showing that it can make a positive impact in the battle to cut both greenhouse gases and urban pollution. The infrastructure and fuel are in place in the UK, with around 150,000 motorists having already converted their vehicles to take advantage of a network of more than 1,400 refuelling points. This is helping to cut pollution in our inner cities

FURTHER INFORMATION

E Coming in the next issue: GreenFleet road tests the Autogas-converted LPG-powered Fiat Doblo 1.4.

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Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

33

Road Test

Kia Optima 2 1.7 CRDi EcoDynamics (2015) ENGINE:

Down load th Green e F app.g leet app at reenfl eet.n for mo et re ima ge conten s and t

1,685cc, four-cylinder diesel

CO2:

128g/km

NOx:

0.124g/km

MPG (combined):

57.6

GF MPG (combined):

49.1

VED: BIK: PRICE (OTR):

Band D, £0 first year, £110 thereafter 23% £22,895 (inc VAT)

Optimised for value A new model might be just around the corner, but GreenFleet finds that the current Kia Optima 2 1.7 CRDi offers style, value and lots of kit The Kia Optima started life in 2000, but in Europe and selected US markets, drivers may have known it as the Magenta. A tie-in based on the then contemporary Hyundai Sonata, the Optima offered a traditional four-door saloon body style with generic looks. Relaunched in 2005, the second‑generation model was a Kia in its own right and used its own bespoke global platform with styling penned by ex-Audi designer Peter Schreyer. The third-generation car, as tested here, arrived in 2011.

‘Green car’ technology leader The first Optima to use the name globally, Kia’s mid-size Mondeo challenger uses a version of the Hyundai i40’s platform.

A hybrid version is also available in selected markets, and with the launch of the fourth-generation car in 2016, Kia has confirmed that this model will survive and will form part of a strategy to become a leader in ‘green car’ technology.

As the hybrid model isn’t sold in the

34

UK, on test here is the 134bhp 1.7-litre CRDi diesel, the only engine available.

A little grumbly on the move, the diesel unit has 325Nm (239lb ft) of torque from 2,000-2,500rpm so feels plenty quick enough to hustle Kia’s 1,559kg saloon to 62mph from rest in 9.9 seconds. The Optima can be quite vocal when accelerating, but once cruising speed is reached, the engine quietens down.

The Kia all-new ue in d Optimall include i 2016 wand‘mild’ estate rid as hyb HEV P well as ons versi

Accomplished cruiser Make no mistake, though, the Optima is an accomplished and comfortable cruiser. The steering is a little light for a car of this size, but the Optima is easy to drive and blends a decent ride quality and keen-ish responses well. Kia states that its motor-driven power steering

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system delivers assistance only when it’s needed which reduces the load on the system itself as well as saving fuel.

Kia quotes a combined cycle fuel economy figure of 57.6mpg and we achieved a high of 56.3. Overall, the GreenFleet real‑world average figure was 49.1, which is not too far short of the South Korean car manufacturer’s claims.

The Optima 2 1.7 CRDi EcoDynamics has CO2 emissions of 128g/km. While not as low as some of its more common competition, a simple Intelligent Stop & Go (ISG) stop/start system contributes to better economy.

Other eco equipment includes a trip computer with distance to empty, as well as both average and instant fuel consumption read-outs.

The new 2016 model year Kia Optima range will include both hybrid (HEV) and plug-in hybrid (PHEV) models the company has confirmed. The PHEV version will combine high-capacity battery technology allied to a 153bhp 2.0‑litre GDI petrol engine, and Kia claims it will boast more electric-only range than any other PHEV saloon available.

The Kia Optima is a handsome D-segment challenger

‘EcoDynamics’ badges denote Kia’s greenest fossil-fuelled cars

Optima PHEV The 9.8kWh lithium-polymer battery back in the Optima PHEV will be paired to a 50kW electric motor, which should allow the car’s powertrain to operate at higher speeds. Total system output will be rated at 203bhp at 6,000rpm.

Kia states that the Optima PHEV’s engine will be coupled to the electric motor, allowing the car to operate in charge‑sustaining mode (just like the current Optima Hybrid) once the battery runs out of charge.

Kia is targeting a combined 48mpg combined in charge-sustaining mode.

Recharging the Optima PHEV will take less than three hours from a 240V supply according to the South Korean manufacturer, or nine hours from a standard 120V power outlet.

The charging port will be located on the front left-hand side of the car and the car will wear ‘EcoPlug-In’ badges.

Road Test

Optima PHEV and HEV: a twin hybrid approach

Optima HEV Kia is targeting 10 per cent greater fuel economy with the Optima HEV thanks to a larger battery pack, a more powerful electric motor and a revised transmission. The same 153bhp 2.0 GDI engine will feature in the HEV as well as the PHEV, along with the same six-speed automatic transmission which contains a 38kW electric motor and clutch in place of a traditional torque converter. Total system output is 193bhp at 6,000rpm. An upgraded 1.62kWh lithium-polymer battery pack also features and will be placed underneath the boot floor to give a more practical loading area.

Special ‘EcoHybrid’ badging will differentiate it from other models in the Optima range. The ‘mild’ hybrid Optima HEV is expected to go on sale across the bulk of Kia’s global markets in the first half of 2016, with the PHEV arriving in the latter half of the year.

Two versions of the new Kia Optima will be available later in 2016

Spacious cabin The spacious cabin is nicely-trimmed and feels more premium than some Far Eastern rivals. There’s plenty of rear legroom, as well as a truly colossal boot. Practical touches feature, too: handy release levers which fold down the rear seats sit just inside the boot opening edge.

Kia has loaded the Optima with lots of standard equipment including dual‑projection headlights, leather trim, an eight-way power-adjustable drivers’ seat, heated front seats, ‘woodgrain’ interior trim panels, USB/AUX/Bluetooth connectivity, reversing camera, parking sensors, automatic headlight control, auto-dimming mirror, and stylish 18-inch alloy wheels. There’s also a truly great sounding 550W, 11-channel, 12-speaker Infinity stereo system which includes a 200mm sub-woofer mounted in the rear parcel shelf. The seven-inch touchscreen infotainment graphics are a little basic, but the system itself is simple to navigate.

As with the interior, the exterior gives off a quality impression. Designed in both Germany and the US, the Optima is a quietly handsome car, and from some angles (most noticeably the rear), there are shades of 2003-2010 BMW 5 Series. Upfront, the headlights include LED daytime running lights, there’s Kia’s now-compulsory ‘Tiger Nose’ grille while the LED fog lights are the same ‘cube’ style as those on the company’s Procee’d GT sports hatchback. A body-coloured ‘shark’ fin radio aerial adds to the premium touches.

Again, playing its value card, the Optima’s safety kit is high. Highlights include ABS, ESC, Hill-Start Assist, a plethora of airbags as well as active front head restraints. Kia equips the Optima with a seven-year, 100,000mile warranty or a three-year, unlimited mileage guarantee. Service intervals are stated as 20,000 miles or annually.

Hybrid and estate The reasoning for the single-engine option in the current Optima is due to what Kia says are

the demand of the predominantly business market in which it operates. However, with the ever-changing market in the UK, petrol engines such as Kia’s 2.0-litre unit may well make a return. An estate version has also been mooted, to both increase sales and to answer the 45 per cent demand that the D-segment demands in this country.

Kia’s marketing tagline is ‘The Power to Surprise’ and not for the first time, the company has done just that. While the Optima may not be as obvious as its Avensis, Insignia, Mondeo and Passat rivals, there is lots to like about Kia’s mid-sized challenger. It is good value, has lots of equipment and is stylish as well as being a decent drive. Never a big seller in the UK, with the arrival of a new more efficient and improved model, there’s reason for that to change. We think it should – the Kia Optima deserves its place among the mid-sized business elite. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.kia.co.uk

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

35

Road Test

Outlandishly complete

Written by Richard Gooding

The Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV is the most successful plug-in hybrid vehicle in the UK, but not resting on its laurels, the Japanese manufacturer has launched a new and improved version.

Richard Gooding sees if the changes are more than skin deep

36

Few GreenFleet readers will need an introduction to Mitsubishi’s Outlander PHEV. The biggest-selling plug-in electric hybrid vehicle (PHEV) in 2015, the four-wheel drive Mitsubishi leads the market with a 41 per cent share. It led to the Japanese car maker being named the GreenFleet PHEV Manufacturer of the Year in 2014, and win the GreenFleet Outstanding Achievement prize in 2015.

Launched in 2014, the Outlander PHEV was a surprise – but entirely logical – move from a manufacturer which had a reputation for fourwheel drive vehicles and rally‑inspired saloon cars, and it quickly gained a stronghold on the market. Keen pricing no doubt helped, with the PHEV version the same price as the diesel.

in keeping with the nature of an SUV than the previous car’s. Reshaped bumpers, gloss back fog lamp surrounds, 18-inch black and silver twin-spoke alloy wheels, silver roof rails, chrome sill accents and updated rear lamp units also contribute to the smart appearance, while three new colours enhance the new car’s visual features.

Mitsubishi states that the new Outlander PHEV’s interior is its most ‘European’ yet.

Black leather upholstery with silver stitching gives an impression of quality, and along with lots of ambient lighting and gloss black/chrome finishing on key dashboard surfaces, makes the Outlander PHEV’s cabin a comfortable and very pleasant place to be.

‘Dynamic Shield’ Now, two years later, and buoyed by the success of the previous model, there’s a new version of the world’s first 4WD plug-in hybrid SUV. Launched late last year, the 2016 Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV looks different to its successful predecessor, but the changes are more than skin deep. So what exactly has changed? Externally, the silhouette of the Mitsubishi 4x4 is much the same, but upfront, the company’s new SUV design direction makes an appearance. The ‘Dynamic Shield’ features a central gloss back ‘grille’ panel flanked by chrome accent strips, and the overall look is much more

Wealth of equipment The almost-top range GX4h features a wealth of standard equipment. Technological highlights include a 360-degree camera, auto-dimming rear view mirror, dual‑zone climate control, electric sunroof, HD seven‑inch Mitsubishi Multi Communication System (MMCS) DAB/Bluetooth infotainment system with satellite navigation, heated leather steering wheel, heated front seats, wide-range LED headlamps, as well as auto wipers and

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keyless go for added practicality. Speaking of which, open up the Outlander PHEV’s powered tailgate and there is 436 litres of boot space to play with. However, if you’re after a seven‑seat SUV, the Outlander PHEV only has five places for bodies due to the drive battery intruding into the cargo area. Plump for the diesel version if people carrying is a priority.

60kW electric motors As with the previous model (GreenFleet issue 73), a 119bhp 2.0-litre petrol engine provides the conventionally-fuelled motive power for the Outlander PHEV. Paired with two 60kW electric motors – one front, one rear – combined system output is around 200bhp, with up to 248lb ft of torque available.

Of course, the stats that matter to most people are g/km of CO2 and EV-only range, and on these fronts, the Outlander PHEV’s combined powertrain system scores highly.

Emissions of just 42g/km (an improvement of 2g/km over the old model’s) mean the big Mitsubishi still qualifies for VED Band A road tax, while an electric range of 32 miles should see most urban journeys completed in full EV mode. While the range is not as high as a pure electric car, the Mitsubishi makes up for it in other ways – the Outlander PHEV can travel up to 74mph in full electric mode. To drive, the Outlander PHEV marries the best of both the EV and hybrid worlds. If you’re

not yet ready to take the full EV route, the Outlander PHEV offers added security thanks to its petrol engine, while also allowing the full EV experience when the situation dictates and when the driver is ready for it. Our experience was mirrored in what Mitsubishi believes will make up the driving patterns of most owners, namely to use the Outlander PHEV as a mainly petrol-powered car on long journeys and motorways, with the EV mode saved for weaving silently through city streets. A ‘Save’ function holds the battery charge for exactly this reason, while a ‘Charge’ mode activates an on-board generator which feeds electricity gained through motive power from the engine and stores it in the drive battery. Clever stuff.

Mitsubishi’s twin-motor 4WD system offers both two and four-wheel drive options. A Lock Mode is available for ultimate all-terrain performance. After all, while the Outlander PHEV is a hybrid, it’s still an off-road vehicle.

It sounds very technological, but it all works terribly well. The Outlander PHEV feels quite light on its feet for a large SUV, with light‑but‑not-too-light steering and a nice feel to the controls. There’s little body roll for such a sizeable car and a comfortable ride should keep passengers happy, while tauter responses than the old car make for a more pleasant driving experience. An Eco Mode also controls electricity and fuel usage, and is the setting we mostly drove the car in during our 375-mile test.

Performance is more than acceptable, too – the 1,845kg 4x4 reaches 62mph in 11.0 seconds, with the 0-25mph time down over two seconds from the previous car. Mitsubishi quotes an official 156mpg on the combined cycle, but though careful use and recharging when we could, we achieved an average of 178mpg, 3.25m/kWh and a gain of 118 miles over the car’s stated arrival range. Easy charging helps the car’s usability, with a five-hour time on a domestic 13A supply, while rapid charging to 80 per cent takes just 30 minutes.

The er Outlandas PHEV h hat a ed w redefin ybrid can be h plug-in s latest version and thi nly continue can o success the story

Three driving modes A trio of driving modes are fitted to the Outlander PHEV to ensure the driver gets the best performance and efficiency out of it. EV Drive Mode lets the two motors use electricity from the 12kWh drive battery to power the car and is the greenest, zero‑emission way to drive it. In Series Hybrid Mode, the petrol engine operates as a generator and supplies electricity to the pair of motors, and is used when the battery’s charge falls below a predetermined level or when more performance is needed.

At high speeds, the car switches into Parallel Hybrid Mode, with the petrol engine providing almost all of the motive power, only assisted by the electric motors when required. A highly-effective regenerative braking system during deceleration offers six strengths, while

Redefined the plug-in hybrid The Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV has found many homes in Europe: reports indicate that 50,000 examples of the eco-4x4 have been sold since its 2014 launch, with over

Three new colours – including Granite Brown as seen here – enhance the visual appeal of the new Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV

Down load th Green e F app.g leet app at reenfl eet.n for mo et re ima ge conten s and t

ENGINE:

1,998cc four-cylinder petrol with 2 x 60kW electric motors and 12kWh battery

ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION: CO2:

Road Test

Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV

192 Wh/mile 42g/km

RANGE

32.5 miles (electric only), 541 miles (hybrid mode)

MPG (combined):

156

GF MPG (combined):

178

VED:

Band A, £0

BIK:

5%

PRICE (OTR):

£33,899 (inc VAT, after government PiCG grant, £34,399 as tested)

10,000 of those in the UK alone. It’s not hard to see why it’s been so successful – it’s very competitively priced, highly specified and well built with low tax costs when compared with cars of a similar size.

Throw in a five-year warranty and the big four‑wheel drive Mitsubishi offers an even more compelling argument for the amount of space and value it offers at its price point.

Over the past two years, the Outlander PHEV has redefined what a plug-in hybrid can be and this latest version can only continue the success story. We’re going to find out if that’s true by running one for the next six months. Join us in the next issue for the start of our Outlander PHEV journey. L FURTHER INFORMATION www.mitsubishi-cars.co.uk

Cabin quality has improved over the previous model and the kit count is high

The new Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV features the company’s ‘Dynamic Shield’ styling cues

Volume 90 | GREENFLEET MAGAZINE

37

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QUITTING LETS NICK BREATHE EASY

Aiming to halve corporate emissions and save £140,000* on contract hire and fuel.

By quitting a conventional fleet for petrol full hybrids, Nick is helping to cut Itec’s CO2, NOx and particulate emissions by 50%. Thanks to lower BIK, drivers will also pocket average tax savings worth £1,200 each over the next three years. And, as contract hire and fuel costs will also fall by £140,000, Nick can breathe easy too.

Read Nick’s story at quitclub.org.uk

Nick Orme, CEO, Itec

brilliant for business

*Saving based on switching original VW diesel fl eet to Toyota and Lexus hybrids.