FLEET FOCUS: UPS
FRANKFURT MOTOR SHOW
www.greenfleet.net
INSURANCE
ISSUE 67
T LATESS NEW
cture frastru ard in n e g w Hydro s a step for hecks take London c 200 V f City o issan’s e-Nervice out Nlectric taxi s All-e launches
NEW MODEL
BMW i3
GreenFleet feels the impact of BMW’s all-electric car launch FREIGHT & LOGISTICS
GREEN EQUALS GOLD Reducing emissions means bottom-line benefits for freight firms
ROAD TESTS NISSAN LEAF Q FORD FIESTA VAN
Numbers. Sometimes they speak louder than words. So here are a few about the class-leading Civic 1.6 Diesel.
New Civic 1.6 i-DTEC Diesel from £195 Business Contract Hire*
Engine PS
Honda Civic 1.6 i-DTEC SE 5dr
Volkswagen Golf 1.6 TDI 105 5dr
Ford Focus 1.6 TDCi Zetec ECOnetic 5dr
Vauxhall Astra 1.7 CDTi 16V ecoFLEX Exclusiv 5dr
120
105
105
110
94
99
99
99
Combined mpg
78.5
74.3
76.4
76.3
CO2 Emissions (g/km)
BIK (%)
13%
14%
14%
14%
Monthly BIK @ 20%
£43
£45
£44
£46
Monthly BIK @ 40%
£85
£91
£89
£93
honda.co.uk /corporate Fuel consumption for the Civic 1.6 i-DTEC range in mpg (l/100km): Urban Cycle 70.6 (4.0), Extra Urban 85.6 (3.3), Combined 78.5 (3.6). CO2 emissions 94g/km. Fuel consumption figures sourced from official EU-regulated laboratory test results, are provided for comparison purposes and may not reflect real-life driving experience. Model shown: Civic 1.6 i-DTEC SE Manual in optional Alabaster Silver Metallic. *Contract Hire Terms and Conditions: Contract Hire available to Business users only. Contract Hire rental is based on Honda Contract Hire for the Civic 1.6 i-DTEC SE Manual only. Rentals are based on 6 months rentals in advance followed by 35 monthly rentals starting month 2 with 10,000 miles per annum, non maintained and no metallic paint. Excess and other charges may apply dependent on the mileage and condition of the vehicle at the end of the contract. All rentals are subject to VAT at standard rates. All figures are correct at time of publication but may be subject to change. Honda Contract Hire rentals are available across the Civic range on a three year/ variable mileage per annum, maintained and non maintained. Vehicles must be ordered between 1st July 2013 and 30th September 2013 with registration, delivery and funding by 31st October 2013 except for Civic 1.6 which must ordered between 1st July 2013 and 31st December 2013 with registration and delivery by 31st December 2013. Offer applicable at participating Honda Dealers and is at the promoter’s absolute discretion. Subject to model and colour availability. Promoter: Honda (UK), 470 London Road, Slough, Berkshire SL3 8QY. Honda (UK) is a division of Honda Motor Europe. Registered in England and Wales No 857969. Comparison data provided by independent industry source CAP Automotive Limited and correct as of 17/06/2013.
GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE FLEET FOCUS: UPS
FRANKFURT MOTOR SHOW
www.greenfleet.net
INSURANCE
ISSUE 67
LATEST WS
NE ture astruc ard en infr Hydrog a step forw cks takes London che 00 V2 City of san’s e-N vice out Nisctric taxi ser All-ele launches
NEW MODEL
BMW i3
GreenFleet feels the impact of BMW’s all-electric car launch FREIGHT & LOGISTICS
GREEN EQUALS GOLD Reducing emissions means bottom-line benefits for freight firms
ROAD TESTS NISSAN LEAF Q FORD FIESTA VAN
Comment
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
BMW LAUNCH MAKES ELECTRIC WAVES With the head-turning launch of the i3 electric car at the end of July, German manufacturer BMW has once again raised the bar. Available from mid-November, some industry pundits were surprised by the price tag (£25,680 after the £5,000 grant). The manufacturer says it is committed to leading the EV market, and a range-extender version, which uses a 650cc motorbike engine to overcome ‘range anxiety’ will cost around £3,000 more. Read about the i3 on page 19. The huge biennial Frankfurt Motor show was awash with green technology, with all the major manufacturers starting to play the game. Volkswagen showcased its first fully-electric models – the e-Up and the e-Golf, which was met with scepticism by rivals. “Volkswagen said plug-ins were lunacy in 2010. Fast forward to 2013, VW wants to be the world’s biggest manufacturer of them,” Andy Palmer, executive vice-president of Nissan, told the Financial Times. A spokesman for the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership said: “Cars on display at Frankfurt have surely nailed any lingering ideas that the only low-carbon vehicles are milk floats.” Read more about Frankfurt on p14. Finally, the 2013 GreenFleet Awards takes place on October 17, and will once again recognise the movers and shakers in environmental fleet management. The shortlist will be published soon, so check out www.greenfleetawards.co.uk to see who’s in the running this year.
Danny Wright
! ONLINE ! IN PRINT ! MOBILE ! FACE TO FACE If you would like to receive 10 issues of GreenFleet magazine for £200 a year, please contact Public Sector Information Limited, 226 High Road, Loughton, Essex IG10 1ET. Tel: 020 8532 0055 GreenFleet® would like to thank the following organisations for their support:
PUBLISHED BY PUBLIC SECTOR INFORMATION LIMITED
226 High Rd, Loughton, Essex IG10 1ET. Tel: 020 8532 0055 Fax: 020 8532 0066 Web: www.psi-media.co.uk EDITOR Angela Pisanu PRODUCTION EDITOR Richard Gooding PRODUCTION CONTROL Jacqueline Lawford, Jo Golding WEB PRODUCTION Reiss Malone EDITORIAL DIRECTOR Danny Wright PUBLISHER Martin Freedman ADMINISTRATION Victoria Leftwich ACCOUNT MANAGERS Carl Skinner, Alan Brown REPRODUCTION & PRINT Argent Media
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Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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Contents
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
CONTENTS GREENFLEET 67 09 GREENFLEET NEWS
39 TELEMATICS
16 IAA 2013
45 LOGISTICS: EMISSIONS
Hydrogen highway gathers pace; electric vehicle world record set in Oslo; £3,500 chopped off Ampera price
16 19
Electric vehicles were among those taking centre stage at the recent 2013 Frankfurt Motor Show
19 NEW MODEL: BMW i3
BMW raises the bar in sustainable vehicle production with its electric car
23 PROFILE: UPS
SUPS moves nearly 16 million packages around the world each day. GreenFleet asked UPS for the lowdown on it is doing to keep emissions down
27 INTERVIEW: FIAT PROFESSIONAL 23
GreenFleet talks to Sebastiano Fedrigo, Fiat Professional’s UK & Ireland director about the company’s green credentials
29 ALTERNATIVE FUELS: HYDROGEN
As we are approaching the end of 2013, how close are we to driving around in hydrogen-powered cars, asks Angela Pisanu
32 ALTERNATIVE FUELS: BIOGAS
Rosaline Hulse of the Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association (ADBA) reports on the Biomethane and Gas Vehicle Conference
36 SUSTAINABLE TRAVEL PLANS 39
There are many reasons for implementing a sustainable travel plan, argues road safety charity Brake
Jessica Royer Ocken reports on the latest worldwide development in Telematics and connected vehicle technology Success in reducing logistics emissions also results in financial benefits. The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport takes a look at the current scene
51 LOGISTICS: TRAINING Peter Murphy of the Logistics Guild encourages drivers and firms to adopt the fuel efficiency module of DCPC
55 INSURANCE
How can insurance costs be kept low? Allan Briscoe, chairman of the British Insurance Brokers Association, explains
61 GREENFLEET SCOTLAND Opened by Transport Minister Keith Brown, GreenFleet Scotland helped to get the EV revolution underway in Edinburgh
63 ROAD TEST: NISSAN LEAF
Nissan hopes that its second generation Leaf will help stimulate a market that has so far failed to reach the giddy heights that many predicted, says Roland Rendell
64 ROAD TEST: FORD FIESTA VAN
Does the Ford Fiesta have what it takes to win over the car-derived van sector? Richard Gooding investigates
66 PRODUCT FINDER Directory of fleet products and services
63
51
GreenFleet magazine
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www.greenfleet.net Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
5
STANDOUT LOOKS. OUTSTANDING VALUE.
THE ALFA GIULIETTA COLLEZIONE FROM JUST £229 PER MONTH*, BUSINESS USERS ONLY. PERFORMANCE
STYLE
A L FA D. N . A .
Award winning MultiAir engines: More performance. Less fuel consumption. Lower emissions.
Unique contrasting roof, 17” Turbine alloy wheels with Titanium finish and red & black Competizione cloth upholstery.
Unique Alfa D.N.A. driving switch with 3 driving modes Dynamic, Natural, and All-weather to suit all conditions.
V I S I T W W W . A L FA R O M E O. C O. U K / C O R P O R AT E O R C A L L 0 8 4 4 6 6 2 3 6 4 5 F O R M O R E I N F O R M AT I O N .
alfaromeouk
@alfaromeouk
±Model shown Alfa Giulietta 1.4 TB 120 bhp Collezione Special Edition at £18,625 OTR. Range of official fuel consumption figures for the Alfa Giulietta range: Urban 26.2 – 53.3 mpg (10.8 – 5.3 l/100km); Extra Urban 48.7 – 76.3 mpg (5.8 – 3.7 l/100km); Combined 37.2 – 64.2 mpg (7.6 – 4.4 l/100km); CO2 emissions 177 – 114g/km. ±Fuel consumption and CO2 figures are obtained for comparative purposes in accordance with EC directives/regulations and may not be representative of real-life driving conditions. Factors such as driving style, weather and road conditions may also have a significant effect on fuel consumption. *Above rental based on Alfa Giulietta 1.4 TB 120 bhp Collezione Special Edition on Contract Hire payment profile of 3 rentals in advance (equivalent to £687) followed by 35 monthly rentals of £229. Rentals shown above exclude VAT and maintenance. Rentals are subject to VAT at statutory rate based on 10,000 miles per annum. Excess mileage charges apply. Vehicles must be registered with Alfa Romeo Contract Hire by 30th September 2013. Offer subject to status. A guarantee/indemnity may be required. Offer correct at time of going to press and may be varied or withdrawn at any time. Subject to availability. Alfa Romeo Contract Hire, 240 Bath Road, Slough SL1 4DX.
W I T H O U T H E A R T W E W O U L D B E M E R E M A C H I N E S.
HYDROGEN
Political support for California’s Hydrogen Highway as fuel cell future gathers pace California is making political moves to encourage development of a hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in the state. Assembly Bill 8 (AB8), which passed through the California Legislature, will fund at least 100 publicly-available hydrogen fuelling stations over several years. The bill commits $20 million a year to filling station construction until January 1, 2024. Meanwhile, the UK is on course to have more than 60 public hydrogen refuelling points by 2015. According to Alex Stewart of consultancy Element Energy, with Hyundai, Toyota, Mercedes-Benz and Nissan among others also developing hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, it is estimated that there will be 10,000 on UK roads by 2020, and 1.6 million by 2030. Hyundai is building production versions of
Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell
the ix35 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle in limited numbers and other manufacturers are showcasing the technology, with a view to production within two years. Fleets will be conducting the initial trials. Tony Whitehorn, president and CEO of Hyundai UK, said: “We’ve reached an important moment in history, and I’m reminded of the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City at the high jump when one individual – Dick Fosbury – tried jumping over the bar backwards, head first. It changed history and he literally raised the bar in the high jump competition.” Kit Malthouse, London deputy mayor for business and enterprise and chairman of the London Hydrogen Partnership, said: “The work of the London Hydrogen Partnership and other projects has really catapulted London towards the forefront of the move to a hydrogen future.”Hyundai’s ix35 Fuel Cell performance is similar to the conventional model and allows fast refuelling. The car has registered over 2 million miles of road tests in real-world conditions in Europe, Korea and the U.S. ! Read more: Explaining the hydrogen READ MORE: hype, tinyurl.com/q8hn6qe page 29
News
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
NEWS IN BRIEF All-electric car firm launches The Sustainable MotoExpo, scheduled for the end of September, has been postponed by seven months after it emerged that one of the show’s major draws wouldn’t be appearing. The event was set to take place on Saturday 28th and Sunday 29th September at Beaulieu’s National Motor Museum in Hampshire. It has been provisionally rescheduled for Saturday 5/Sunday 6 April 2014. READ MORE:
tinyurl.com/ppzmljm
13 new Renault trucks for Norbert Dentressangle Commercial vehicle contract hire specialist BRS Ltd has provided 13 new Renault trucks to logistics service provider, Norbert Dentressangle. Following impressive fuel returns of over 13mpg on a Renault Midlum demonstrator vehicle, the five Renault Premium 270.18 4x2 rigids, five Renault Midlum 270.18 and three Renault Midlum 180.08, all with Optitronic automated gearboxes, have been supplied through BRS on a full five year repair and maintenance contract. READ MORE:
tinyurl.com/q3h3mnq
Ford produces 2 millionth EcoBoost engine
City of London checks out Nissan e-NV200 The City of London Corporation has completed a successful trial of the 100 per cent electric Nissan e-NV200. After enjoying a similar trial of the LEAF earlier this year, Nissan offered the City of London Corporation the chance to try the e-NV200. With such a diverse range of possible uses, the e-NV200 was tested for a week by City of London Corporation, with fleet drivers and members of the senior management team demonstrating that the van can cover typical daily journeys on one charge.
Production figures for Ford’s EcoBoost engines have hit the two million mark. Ford has been building the frugal petrol units since 2009 and now churns them out at a rate of more than 100,000 every month – up from 65,000 a month in 2012. READ MORE:
tinyurl.com/o4e2vrz
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
9
WE KEEP INNOVATING SO YOU KEEP GOING.
Whatever the size of your fleet, our Passionate Experts are committed to developing solutions that will help you manage it more efficiently. They’ve got 100 years of innovation behind them – and that’s a tradition they are proud to carry on. So you can be sure our euroShell Card benefits will help give you the fleet management control, convenience, security and savings you need. YOUR PARTNER ON THE ROAD. www.euroshell.co.uk 0800 7 31 31 31
EMISSIONS
Environment Agency keeps emissions under control
The Environment Agency is boasting a current average fleet CO2 figure of 115g/km. Working in partnership with Hitachi Capital
Vehicle Solutions, which provides contract hire with maintenance to its fleet of 3,442 cars, the government department has reduced emissions by nearly 10 per cent in the last year. New cars being added to the fleet have an average CO2 of just 106g/km. The SMMT’s latest statistics for 2012 show the average car being purchased in the UK is at 133.1g/km. Dale Eynon, head of fleet operations, says every waking moment is spent looking at ways of reducing emissions and the size of the company’s vehicle fleet: “Our fleet has reduced by 11% or 500 vehicles over the past year, but we still keep looking at new ways of reducing our impact on the environment.”
FLEET MANAGEMENT
Chevin adds emissions reporting to FleetWave A new report designed to help organisations fulfil forthcoming legal obligations to report greenhouse gas emissions from transport activity is to be added to Chevin’s FleetWave fleet management software. New regulations supplementary to The Companies Act 2006 mean that publicly quoted companies must include detailed emissions information on all transport activity they undertake,
including the cars, vans and trucks they operate, in their annual report. The new measures, which cover not just CO2 but other emissions including methane and nitrous oxide, come into effect from October. It will affect only around 1,000 companies that are listed on the London READ MORE: Stock tinyurl.com/qbhvf9b Exchange.
News
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
NEWS IN BRIEF All-electric car firm launches The UK’s first all-electric carbon-zero corporate taxi service hits UK roads this autumn. Starting in London, Thriev plans to put 1,000 cars on the road by the end of 2014, bringing low-cost, low-carbon transport to UK businesses. The fleet will be charged by the British Gas network of charging points. READ MORE:
www.thriev.com
Wireless charging partnership Low-carbon motorsport and electric vehicle R&D business Drayson Racing Technologies has entered into a wireless electric vehicle charging (WEVC) licence agreement with Qualcomm Incorporated to include Qualcomm Halo WEVC technology in its products. This enables the wireless charging of electric vehicles via a pad in parking space, and is likely to radically improve EV infrastructure and uptake. Dynamic wireless charge-on-the-move systems are also being developed.
Ampera price reduced by £3,500 Vauxhall has reduced the price of its Ampera extended-range electric vehicle by £3,500, to a starting price of £28,750 on-the-road, inclusive of the Government’s £5,000 grant. The range-topping Electron model also sees a £3,500 reduction and is available from £30,495 on-the-road. “Ampera’s new price position brings the cost of electric motoring much nearer to that of a conventional vehicle,” said Duncan Aldred, Vauxhall’s chairman and managing director. READ MORE:
tinyurl.com/pjmjjfy
Electric vehicle world record set in Oslo A new world record has been set by the Electric Vehicle Union (EVU) and Norwegian EV Association in Norway as 260 (and-a-half) electric vehicles (EVs), thanks to Nissan’s Half LEAF, were united to drive in unison outside of Norway’s capital city, Oslo. Starting from Maridalen in outer Oslo, the world’s cleanest and quietest automotive gathering of all time followed a pre-determined 4km route and was monitored by two-camera carrying drones to ensure that all vehicles were moving simultaneously and qualified for the new world record. The previous record, which was set with just Nissan LEAF vehicles at the Silverstone circuit in the UK in 2012, was beaten by 35-and-a-half EVs.
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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News
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
HYDROGEN
UK H2Mobility website promotes hydrogen potential
Andy Eastlake This autumn’s colour is green It feels a very encouraging start to the autumn with ultra low emission vehicle (ULEV) sales on the rise and a new UK Government strategy signalling continuing policy stability and welcome support to 2020. The latest ULEV sales figures show a near 20 per cent improvement in the second quarter of 2013, compared with 2012 and cars eligible for the Plugged-in Car Grant (PICG) have doubled. There are some other promising indicators of an uptick in consumer demand along with a raft of new product offerings. Tesla, who showed their new Model S at the recent LCV event, report full order books and have a rapidly improving share price (up around four-fold following their first reported profit), and there’s anecdotal evidence, at least, of an improvement in Nissan Leaf sales following the price drop. There were a raft of new low carbon product offerings at the Frankfurt Motor Show. In addition to the much heralded electric BMW i3 (as seen at GreenFleet Scotland recently) there are new models from Audi, Porsche, McLaren and others which show that top performance does not necessarily mean high carbon emissions (though if these vehicles – mainly hybrids – are driven according to a ‘Nurburgring cycle’ they’re not likely to meet the CO2 figures quoted which are based on the more conventional test cycle of course!) The Government has published a new strategy (‘Driving the future today’) to support the promotion of ULEVs and has reiterated its ambitious long-term goal of a zero emissions car fleet by the middle of the century. £500m – initially announced earlier in the summer alongside the strategy for roads – will be spent to support the industry’s growth according to the outcome of a consultation which OLEV will announce shortly. (The LowCVP will, of course, play an active role in that discussion.) The Government has also reconfirmed that the PICG will be unchanged until 2015 and that consumer incentives will remain in place for longer. Significantly – as it signals cross-government support for this agenda – there is a commitment in the strategy to maintain strong, clear and lasting tax signals for ULEVs until at least 2020 and a commitment to involving industry partners in the process for subsequent development of the tax regime. It feels to me that momentum is building in the low-carbon vehicles industry and that a combination of policy consistency and industrial commitment is leading to a virtuous combination of green and growth. Long may it continue! And if ever there was a time to move to a greener fleet, now must be it. FURTHER INFORMATION tinyurl.com/q75hpyv Andy Eastlake is managing director of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP)
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GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
The UK H2Mobility project has launched a dedicated new website to show the opportunities and benefits of hydrogen-fuelled transport. The latest step in the UK H2Mobility consortium’s work, www.ukh2mobility.co.uk features the latest information about how the UK can make the best advantages of hydrogen as a low-carbon fuel for road transport. The UK H2Mobility project covers a wide range of issues, from fuel production, supply and distribution, to the development of a national hydrogen fuel infrastructure, and the introduction of fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). The consortium’s initial research has identified the potential for 1.6 million hydrogen-powered vehicles to be on Britain’s roads by 2030. A roadmap has also been produced to help detail the steps needed to be taken to transform this potential into a reality.
The new website features an overview of the project, as well as an FAQ section. Chris O’Keefe, chair of UK H2Mobility Communications Committee said: “It is important that the work UK H2Mobility is doing is kept in the public eye. The more we can explain the advantages that hydrogen fuel can deliver, the more we can build public interest and therefore confidence in the technology.” VISIT THE WEBSITE:
www.ukh2mobility.co.uk
10,000th Kangoo Z.E. produced Renault has celebrated production of the 10,000th Kangoo Z.E., which was handed over to Deutsche Bahn at the recent Frankfurt Motor Show. Béatrice Foucher, manager of Renault’s Electric Vehicle programme, Uwe Hochgeshurtz, corporate sales manager, and Achim Schaible, director of Renault Germany, officially handed the keys to Deutsche Bahn’s purchasing and technical director Gerhard Dech. The vehicle will be used by German Railways’ maintenance division. The small electric van was launched at the end of 2011, and is Europe’s best-selling model in its segment. The zero-emission LCV was restyled in June and is the best-selling electric vehicle in France where 6,000 have been sold.
A Daimler Brand
Sharp. The new E-Class Saloon.
Download the Mile Tracker App today.
Official government fuel consumption figures in mpg (litres per 100km) for the new E-Class range: urban 20.3(13.9)–68.9(4.1), extra urban 36.2(7.8)–70.6(4.0), combined 28.3(10.0)–68.9(4.1). CO2 emissions: 234–109 g/km. Official EU-regulated test data are provided for
comparison purposes and actual performance will depend on driving style, road conditions and other non-technical factors. Model featured is an E 220 CDI SE Saloon at £33,395.00 including optional metallic paint at £645.00. (on-the-road price includes VAT, delivery, 12 months’ Road Fund Licence, number plates, first registration fee and fuel). Some combinations of features/options may not be available. Please contact your Mercedes-Benz Retailer for availability. Prices correct at time of going to print 09/13.
Frankfurt Motor Show
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
MOTOR SHOW REVIEW
FRANKFURT FANTASIES Traditionally the largest event in the motorshow calendar, the IAA at Frankfurt is usually home to high-profile launches from German manufacturers. 2013’s show was no exception, with electric vehicles among those taking centre stage The 65th IAA International Motor Show played host to a wealth of new vehicle unveils. With forty per cent of the German car industry R&D spend is on alternate engines, alternative powertrains made their presence felt. Here are the headlines from the vast 11-hall event. ELECTRIC VEHICLES BMW i3 and i8 Although already officially launched in July, the big news in BMW’s hall was the public showing of the i3 electric hatchback (see page 19 for GreenFleet’s new model report). An indoor raised test track allowed visitors to drive the i3 around the hall and peer at BMW’s other show star, the plug-in hybrid i8 sports car. Available in 2014, the i8 has a 7.2kWh lithium-ion battery pack with an estimated all-electric range of 22 miles. Fuel consumption is said to be 113mpg, with carbon emissions of less than 59g/km.
Ford Focus Electric Ford was using Frankfurt to showcase its first electrically-powered vehicle, the Focus Electric. Featuring an electric motor and lithium-ion battery powertrain that produces 140bhp, the C-segment challenger can achieve a top speed of 85mph, and has a theoretical range of 100 miles. The standard 13-amp home-charging cable can charge the car in 10 to 11 hours, while a 32A fast charge station will do it in three to four hours. Nissan e-NV200 Taxi Of commercial vehicle importance, the Nissan e-NV200 Barcelona Taxi took a bow at Frankfurt. The Spanish city aims to be the first city in the world to implement electric public transport vehicles, and the e-NV200 is the first step in this vision. Nissan and Barcelona City Hall have signed an agreement to promote the electric Nissan e-NV200 taxi, which includes fast-charge infrastructure installation, specific electric taxi stops and a preferential queuing system at airports and railway stations.
Volkswagen e-Up and e-Golf Volkswagen trumpeted the launch of two electric cars in Frankfurt – the e-Up and the e-Golf. Rumoured to arrive for sometime, the pair of zero-emission cars heralded the arrival of the German giant’s e-mobility technology. The e-Up city car develops 80bhp from its 18.7kWh electric motor, and is capable of an officially-quoted range of 100 miles. The e-Golf has a larger 24.2kWh motor developing 113bhp and can theoretically be driven 118 miles on a single charge. Both models will be available next year, with UK prices yet to be announced. HYBRID VEHICLES Audi A3 Sportback e-tron Audi’s first plug-in hybrid will be on sale in spring 2014. The A3 Sportback e-tron can travel up to 37 miles on all-electric power from its 204bhp powertrain. Using a 150bhp 1.4-litre TFSI petrol engine and a 75kW electric motor. Emissions equate to 35g/km in hybrid mode with a 584-mile range. ! Continued on page 18
BMW i3
Nissan e-NV200 Barcelona Taxi
f en e-Gol Volkswag
Volkswag en e-Up
With t cen 40 per rman e of the Gstry R&D car indu alternative n spend o ertrains, pow y was a lit e-mobi e of IAA featur 13 20 14
GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
Now from just 120g/km*. With its distinctive new styling, COMAND Online satellite navigation, leather upholstery and an impressive CO2 figure, the E-Class Saloon demands serious consideration. The new E-Class. Take another look.
A Daimler Brand
mercedes-benz.co.uk/fleet
Download the Mile Tracker App today.
Official government fuel consumption figures in mpg (litres per 100km) for the new E-Class range: urban 20.3(13.9)–68.9(4.1), extra urban 36.2(7.8)–70.6(4.0), combined 28.3(10.0)–68.9(4.1). CO2 emissions: 234–109 g/km. Official EU-regulated test data are provided for
comparison purposes and actual performance will depend on driving style, road conditions and other non-technical factors. *Model featured is an E 220 CDI SE Saloon at £33,395.00 including optional metallic paint at £645.00. (on-the-road price includes VAT, delivery, 12 months’ Road Fund Licence, number plates, first registration fee and fuel). Some combinations of features/options may not be available. Please contact your Mercedes-Benz Retailer for availability. Prices correct at time of going to print 09/13.
Frankfurt Motor Show
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
MOTOR SHOW REVIEW
BMW i8 Porsche rid a S E-Hyb Panamer
Peugeot id FE 208 HYbr
Audi A3 e-tron
" BMW Concept X5 eDrive Although billed as a concept, the BMW X5 eDrive looked production-ready. Combining the marque’s xDrive four-wheel drive technology with plug-in hybrid drive, the SUV is said to have a range of 19 miles on electric power alone, and an average fuel consumption of 74.3mpg. Lexus GS 300h Frankfurt saw the European debut of the GS 300h full hybrid. Its 2.5-litre engine and 105kW electric motor Lexus Hybrid Drive powertrain delivers 220bhp, CO2 emissions from 109g/km (VED Band B) and a combined cycle fuel consumption of more than 60mpg. Mercedes S-Class Plug-In Hybrid The third hybrid model of the new S-Class, the S 500 Plug-In Hybrid, has emissions of 69g/km and returns 94.2mpg. The 80kW electric drive with externally rechargeable battery enables an emission-free driving range of 18 miles, and is combined with a new 3.0-litre
Merced es S 500 P -Benz lug-In H ybrid
18
GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
BMW Con cept X5 eDrive
V6 turbocharged engine. There are four hybrid operating modes – Hybrid, E-Mode, E-Save and Charge, as well as regenerative braking. The large saloon goes on sale next year and joins the S 300 BlueTEC Hybrid and the S 400 Hybrid. Peugeot 208 HYbrid FE The Peugeot 208 HYbrid FE is said to ‘combine extremes of economy and performance’. Developed in conjunction with Total, the petrol hybrid delivers CO2 emissions of just 49g/km over the official NEDC European Drive Cycle (Combined Cycle figure). Powered by a 1.0-litre 68bhp VTi petrol engine with a 30kw electric motor, the car has no air flow disrupting body components and special Michelin tyres. A concept, the 208 HYbrid FE is constructed from lightweight composite materials and shows how an economical small hatchback could appear in the future. Porsche Panamera S E-Hybrid German sports car maker Porsche was showcasing its new Panamera S E-Hybrid in Germany. Good for a range of around 20 miles, the four-door luxury saloon can reach a top speed of 85mph in all-electric mode. It also features a ‘coasting’ function, which turns off the engine and electric motors use the car’s momentum to generate electricity which is then stored in the lithium-ion battery.
Vauxhal l New Insi gnia
CARS WITH CONVENTIONAL ENGINES Kia Picanto LPG Kia used Frankfurt as a springboard for the Picanto LPG. Its 1.0-litre engine makes 65bhp and returns 49mpg. Emissions are 100g/km. The bi-fuel model will initially only be sold in certain European markets. Mazda 3 Mazda’s new C-segment car will do battle with the Ford Focus and Volkswagen Golf, and features SKYACTIV-D diesel and SKYACTIV-G petrol engines and energy recovery systems. Emissions range from 104 to 128g/km. SEAT Leon Ecomotive The most frugal SEAT Leon debuted on the Spanish car maker’s stand. Emissions are 87g/km and returns 85.6 mpg. Available in three-door, five-door and ST estate versions. Vauxhall Vauxhall used the IAA to present the new Insignia which has emissions of as low as 99g/km. It also launched a new 115bhp 1.0-litre engine for its city car, the Adam. Volvo The first three engines from Volvo’s new two-litre, four-cylinder Drive-E Powertrain family were launched in Frankfurt in petrol turbo T5, T6, and turbodiesel D4 guises. #
BMW i3
New Model
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ALL EYES ON THE i3
BMW raises the bar in sustainable vehicle production with electric car
As expected, BMW’s much-anticipated entry in the electric vehicle market generated a huge amount of column inches in the motoring press, after simultaneous launches in New York, London and Beijing at the end of July. This is a significant milestone for electric vehicles – the first production model to be launched by the one of the big three German luxury brands (Audi and Mercedes being the other two) is now rolling off the lines in Leipzig, Germany, employing cutting edge techniques which will raise the bar for sustainable vehicle production. The five-door, rear-wheel-drive vehicle has the footprint of BMW’s smallest car, the 1 series. But at approximately 1225kg, it is considerably lighter by some 265kg. The is down to the body structure of the i3, which consists entirely of carbon fibre and sits on top of an aluminium chassis. Extensive use of recycled material accounts for 25 per cent of the interior – for instance, the dashboard is made of fibres from the subtropical Kenaf plant, which has been used to make rope and rugs for centuries. Manufacturing the i3 requires half the floor space, half the energy and 70 per cent less water compared to a standard car. It takes 10 hours to assemble (half the time required for a 3 Series) because, according to head of production Daniel Schaefer, “the carbon fibre body saves a lot of complexity.” According to forbes.com, BMW engineers borrowed from science fiction when conceiving the i3. Head of design Adrian Van Hooydonk was quoted: “Quite often in a post-apocalyptic world all the vehicles
end up looking like military vehicles, and that’s not the kind of science fiction that I wanted our designers to design. I wanted something that offered a positive view of the future, a future that works very well.” Máté Petrány of the website Jalopnik, states: “The shapes are very futuristic, but the materials make the i3 feel as natural as your girlfriend’s wholegrain muesli. There’s wood, but not like in an old Jaguar. There’s leather, but not like in a 7 Series. It feels right.” BMW insists the i3 will be profitable from day one, because it has spread the cost of tooling for the carbon fibre production process across other models, so expect to see more structural carbon fibre rolled out on conventionally powered BMWs in the future. Huge savings in weight should translate to better performance, improved handling and reduced fuel consumption.
Use of recycled materials accounts for 25 per cent of the BMW i3’s interior. Build techniques raise the bar for sustainable vehicle production After the £5,000 government subsidy, the i3 carries a price tag of £25,680 – surprisingly affordable for a BMW. The first UK-bound models will be arriving in mid-November. The i3 can be also be ordered as a range-extender, which incorporates a 650cc two-cylinder petrol engine installed under the boot floor, alongside the drive motor. Many analysts believe that BMW’s entry will stimulate the EV market, which has
seen a slow uptake outside of fleet use. Adrian Van Hooydonk says: “Very few people are trying to make this new mobility so sexy that people simply want it. People do not expect that sustainable cars can be sold through design, but we believe it can be so.” # FURTHER INFORMATION tinyurl.com/pelmdfa
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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big time Time creeps up on you, taps you on the shoulder and says ‘hey, you’ve got people in your life, you’ve got stuff in your life, you need more space’. No big deal, the new Fiat 500L has more than enough room for 5 people, 5 suitcases*, and endless packets of crisps, which you can keep in the 22 storage compartments. The new Fiat 500L. In the nick of you know what, it’s here.
500 goes large Fiat, the car brand with the lowest average CO2 emissions in Europe^. Fuel consumption figures for the Fiat 500L range in mpg
Fuel consumption and CO2 figures based on standard EU tests for comparative purposes and may not reflect real driving results. *Based on 5 equally sized suitcases each measuring 55cm x 35cm maintenance. Based on 10,000 miles per annum. Excess mileage charges apply. Vehicles must be registered with FGA Contracts before 30th September 2013. Offer subject to status, guarantee and/or indemnity
New Fiat 500L from only £199 per month for business users only. For more information contact our business centre on 01753 519 442.
yo u tu b e.c o m / Fi a tU K (l/100km): Urban 33.6 (8.4) – 62.8 (4.5); Extra Urban 53.3 (5.3) – 76.3 (3.7); Combined 44.1 (6.4) – 70.6 (4.0). CO2 emissions 149 – 105 g/km. x 20cm. Above rentals based on New Fiat 500L 1.4 Pop Star on Contract Hire payment profile of 3 rentals in advance (equivalent to £597) followed by 35 rentals of £199. All rentals exclude VAT and may be required. FGA Contracts, 240 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 4DX. ^Source: JATO Dynamics. Based on volume-weighted average CO2 emissions (g/km) of the best-selling brands in Europe, full year 2012.
PROFILE: UPS
Fleet Focus
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FLEET FOCUS: SPECIAL DELIVERY
UPS moves nearly 16 million packages around the world each day, a job which requires operating a large ground and air fleet. Reducing fuel consumption and emissions is a constant priority and challenge, with the long-term goal being to minimise dependence on fossil fuels by improving operational efficiencies and advancing new technologies. GreenFleet asked UPS for the lowdown on what the organisation is doing to keep emissions down UPS has one of the largest private alternative fuel and advanced technology fleets in the industry, which includes over 2,700 compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas (LNG), propane, hydraulic hybrid, electric, biomethane, ethanol, composite and hybrid electric vehicles. In 2012, these vehicles reached 295 million miles driven in actual service, starting from the baseline year of 2000. UPS logged 49 million miles in these during 2012, a 43 per cent increase compared to 2011. At the end of 2012, UPS
had 2,688 alternatively-fuelled vehicles on the road, working in 10 countries under actual operating conditions, so it can see precisely how well they perform measured by cost, fuel use and emissions. By the end of 2014, the number of alternative fuel vehicles will total 3,300 and, by 2017, the company anticipates to log 400 million green fleet miles. Globally, UPS’s ground vehicle fleet makes up 34.8 per cent of its scope 1 and 2 emissions. In addition to optimising the conventional ground fleet, UPS runs a rolling laboratory of alternative fuel/advanced technology vehicles. The laboratory
UPS has one est arg of the l ternative al private d advanced fuel an gy fleets in o technol logistics the industry
tests prototypes on the road, and UPS works with manufacturers, the Environmental Protection Agency and other government agencies to pilot projects before new vehicles are ready for commercial deployment. RICH HISTORY UPS has a rich history of using alternative fuels dating back 70 years, where the company used electric trams in New York. There are 38 electric vehicles (EVs) operating in Europe with plans to increase this to 76 over the next year. Over 100 fully electric commercial vehicles operate in the US. ! UPS has 38 electric vehicles operating in Europe, and first used alternative fuels 70 years ago
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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-PROFILE: UPS
Fleet Focus
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
As well as hybrid vehicles, UPS uses routing technology to make their deliveries and drivers more efficient
" For the London 2012 Olympic Games, the UPS fleet included 20 EVs operating out of UPS’s Camden and Barking facilities. Post-Games, all of the alternatively-fuelled vehicles were deployed within the UK Network. This was made possible through its use of the Games as a testing ground for the integration of new, sustainable fuel technologies into its existing logistics network.
Hybrid electric vehicles work best in heavy stop-and-go situations, and urban and suburban routes work extremely well for this type of vehicle. Over 11 years, UPS has invested $15m in a siginificant number of alternative fuel vehicles
DUAL FUEL There isn’t one type of vehicle that meets all of UPS’s needs – each alternative fuel has its advantages and disadvantages. As an advocate of alternative fuel technologies, UPS believes there are many paths to the future and no single silver bullet. Biomethane has great potential for reducing carbon – each unit of biomethane cuts emissions well-to-wheel by 70 per cent compared to diesel. It’s also one of the few alternative fuels that supports long-haul, heavy-end trucks used for moving package trailers. In 2012, UPS announced the addition of 10 dual-fuel biomethane diesel vehicles to its dedicated London fleet. These vehicles were the first of their kind in UPS’s global fleet, and remained in the UK after the Games concluded, operating from the UPS centre in Tamworth. During the Olympics, the biomethane fleet was refuelled in temporary facilities in Dagenham. After the Olympics, the fleet was moved to Tamworth and the refuelling now occurs at this facility. UPS has been working to convince the UK government that biomethane is most appropriately used to fuel long-haul trucks. With the right policies, infrastructure and incentives in place, biomethane can be a valid and valuable solution to deliver low-carbon fuel from waste products while
creating jobs and economic benefits. UPS has experienced no driver challenges or resistance – drivers have found that the vehicles are just as good to drive as conventional vehicles. HYBRID USE Hybrid electric vehicles work best in heavy stop-and-go situations, and therefore urban and suburban routes work extremely well for this type of vehicle. Because of the myriad benefits of different alternatively-fuelled vehicles, it is important that government policies and programmes support a broad variety of fuels and vehicle technologies, with a focus on those that solve multiple environmental problems. TELEMATICS UPS’s proprietary routing system combines a wealth of information about the behavioural and mechanical variables that affect attributes such as fuel efficiency in the delivery process. This enables UPS to use its delivery vehicles as rolling laboratories in which data is collected that enables the company to test ideas and hone performance. The proprietary telematics system gathers data on more than 200 performance variables for vehicles and drivers, to help reduce the miles driven per package. As a result of its implementation, UPS avoided 206 million minutes of idling in
2012 – equivalent to 1.5 million gallons of fuel and 14,000 metric tonnes of CO2. The routing technology minimises miles driven in the following ways: allocating collections and deliveries to the most efficient number of vehicles each day at each facility, thus keeping vehicles off the road wherever possible; routing vehicles so that they reach all required destinations in the least amount of time and miles driven; identifying loading and unloading locations that enable multiple deliveries; dynamically re-routing drivers based on events such as changing customer collection needs or a requested change in delivery location, to avoid wasted miles; and eliminating unnecessary customer visits, by encouraging customers to sign up for services such as UPS Access PointTM. THE FUTURE Over the 11 years from 2001 through 2012, UPS has avoided driving 364 million miles, and invested over $15 million to deploy significant numbers of alternative fuel vehicles in its fleet. Earlier this year, the company announced plans to add nearly 1,000 liquefied natural gas tractors over the next two years. By the end of 2017, it plans to increase miles covered by the alternatively-fuelled fleet to one billion globally – more than double its previous goal. #
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
25
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COMMERCIAL VEHICLES
Interview
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
GETTING PROFESSIONAL
GreenFleet talks to Sebastiano Fedrigo, Fiat Professional’s director responsible for the UK & Ireland market, about the company’s commercial vehicle offer and its strong green credentials Last year, Fiat Professional won LCV Manufacturer of the Year at the GreenFleet awards, and has picked up awards at this year’s Van Fleet World. So what makes Fiat Professional so successful in the fleet market? “We have a wide range that is designed and built with innovative technological solutions,” says Sebastiano Fedrigo, Fiat Professional’s director, responsible for the UK & Ireland market. Amongst these are Fiat’s Blue&Me infotainment system, Bi-Link rear suspension, Start&Stop, and eco:Drive Professional software. But perhaps the most crucial element of Fiat’s success is its awardwinning MultiJet engine, which has been keeping emissions and costs down since 2003. Its latest development is the MultiJet II and the 1.3 MultiJet is now available with various power levels: from the versions with fixed geometry turbocharger (from 70 to 75bhp), to more highperformance variable geometry turbocharger versions (from 85 to 95bhp). Fedrigo also gives the dealer network, and the support it can offer fleets, as another major reason for Fiat Professional’s strong position in the fleet market: “We have a dedicated dealer network including a number of truck specialists who offer extended servicing and in some cases 24 hour servicing, an important factor for many fleets to enable them to minimise downtime. “Last but not least,” adds Fedrigo, “we have a dedicated fleet team with account managers who are able to ensure that fleet customers have a named contact to speak with to discuss all their specific requirements.” A STRONG GREEN BRAND Fiat has been named as Europe’s greenest brand for six years running by independent organisation JATO Dynamics. How do Fiat’s commercial vehicles contribute to the brand’s overall green success? Fedrigo explains: “Thanks to the use of MultiJet II second generation technology Fiat Professional is able to offer models with one of the lowest emissions of any commercial vehicle range. On top of that, the wide use of CNG technology in Fiat Professional vehicles sold in Europe has certainly contributed significantly to the records acknowledged in the latest research by JATO Dynamics.” Looking to the future, how does Fiat Professional intend to become even more environmentally-friendly in the future?
Fedrigo says: “All our vehicles, except the Scudo, are fitted with speed limiter, and simply by setting the maximum speed further increases the chance of lowering emissions and increasing efficiency. Having originally invented the common rail technology and having developed the MultiJet engines now in their second generation, these well proven and award winning engines will continue to form the basis of our approach along with use of technologies like Start&Stop and eco:Drive Professional.” IMPROVED VISIBILITY eco:Drive Professional software analyses journeys and converts driver information into clear facts and figures such as fuel consumption and money saved. This can be a major advantage for commercial fleets, as
BEST SELLERS The Ducato & the Doblo Cargo are Fiat Professional’s best sellers, says Fedrigo. Launched in 2010, Doblo Cargo was immediately awarded the International Van of the Year accolade and has gone on to win numerous other awards in Europe. “Its success,” Fedrigo says, “is attributed to its blend of versatility, practicality, economy, driveability and the great value proposition that it represents. “Some of its key advantages are class leading one tonne payload and load volume up to 5m3, Bi-Link rear suspension, range of MultiJet engines and the wide number of body variants available to suit every need.” The Ducato is Fiat’s flagship model and the vast range of possible body styles provides a solution for all types of businesses. “The Ducato offers a wide range of content and offers the market the best in terms of performance & running costs thanks to the MultiJet technology,” says Fedrigo. “What’s more, ESP was recently added as standard providing customers with even greater safety and value. Ducato is also available with over 140 options including MTA gearbox, traction + and Blue&Me infotainment system.” A UNIQUE PROPOSITION There is an excellent range of commercial vehicles on the market. So what sets Fiat Professional vehicles apart from other manufacturers? Fedrigo says: “A dedicated brand structure from design and production through to the dealer network, some of whom are truck specialists offering extended servicing hours, enables total focus on the needs of commercial vehicle customers both large and small.” But the strength – and flexibility – of the product is the main reason. “Our award winning range comprises Punto Van, Fiorino,
Our dealer network, some of whom are truck specialists, enables total focus on the needs of commercial vehicle customers large and small Fedrigo explains: “Fleet drivers are able to enter various parameters such as the load they’re carrying and the frontal area of the vehicle. The software allows the driver or the fleet manager to analyse the impact of the load on the vehicle’s efficiency and suggests the most appropriate driving behaviour to achieve the best economy. The results show that by using less fuel, thereby reducing CO2 emissions, a saving of up to 15 per cent in running costs can be achieved.”
Scudo, Doblo Cargo & Ducato providing a wide range of products able to meet the most diverse mobility & transport needs. Our unique proposition is the combination of MultiJet engines and eco:Drive Professional software providing our customers with economic & environmentally friendly solutions to reduce their running costs.” # FURTHER INFORMATION www.fiatprofessional.co.uk
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
27
HYDROGEN
EXPLAINING THE HYDROGEN HYPE Some 15 years ago, there was much talk about hydrogen becoming a widely adopted fuel, but it never came to fruition. Why was that? It has been likened to the ‘chicken and the egg’ scenario; the manufacturers didn’t make the cars because there was nowhere to refuel them. And the hydrogen firms didn’t install the refuelling infrastructure because there were no cars to refuel. Plus the technology wasn’t quite there, as the degradation of the fuel cells was too great. But if you talk to the stakeholders involved now – the car makers, the refuelling infrastructure providers, and indeed the government – it does seem like they are on the same page. THE CARS Let’s start with the cars. Hyundai has taken a bold step, committing to be the first to put become hydrogen-powered cars into series production. They will build an initial 1,000 Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell models by 2015, building up to 10,000 units, in line with customer demand. Honda’s fuel cell vehicle, the FCX and its successor, the FCX Clarity, have been leased in America and Japan since 2002, enabling Honda to gain valuable data concerning real-world use of fuel cell electric vehicles. Honda plans to launch the successor of FCX Clarity in Japan and the United States in 2015, and then in Europe. Meanwhile, General Motors (GM) has been researching hydrogen fuel cell vehicles in its Project Driveway programme since 2007, which has accumulated nearly 3 million miles of real-world driving in a fleet of 119 hydrogen-powered vehicles. What’s more, BMW Group and Toyota have announced they will be sharing
technologies to jointly develop fuel-cell vehicle systems by 2020. Crucially, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have been designed to offer the same driving experience as an internal combustion engine, so no radical change of driver behaviour is needed, as, say, for a pure electric car. In the case of the Hyundai ix35, that means a maximum speed of 100mph, 0-62mph in 12.5 seconds and a range of almost 370 miles from each tank. And it can be refiled in two to three minutes at the pumps, comparable to refuelling with diesel or petrol. Therefore, hydrogen fuel cell cars won’t have the same limitations as battery electric vehicles, where drivers have to consider the range of the battery and how long it will take to recharge. Interestingly, however, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is essentially an electric vehicle because it is driven by electricity. But rather than having to recharge your vehicle, you refuel it with hydrogen, which generates electricity onboard (via a chemical reaction in the fuel cell) to power the motor.
refuel the five fuel cell black cabs during the Olympic games. The other, which is not open to the public, is in Lea Interchange, Stratford, and powers the fleet of hydrogen fuel cell buses that operate the scenic RV1 route in London. Now, as part of the London Hydrogen Network Expansion, there are plans for further stations in and around the capital; one in East London, one in central London and one at the Millbrook Proving Ground in Bedford. Swindon has an open access hydrogen vehicle refuelling station in Honda’s manufacturing facility, which was built and operated by industrial gases company BOC. There are other refuelling stations dotted around the UK as part of large-scale demonstration projects. Moving forwards, it is expected there will many as 65 hydrogen refuelling stations in the UK by 2015, according to low-carbon energy consultancy firm Element Energy. Most will be in major cities, but there will be refuelling stations along major trunk routes linking those cities. It is forecast that there will be 300 stations by 2025 and 1,150 by 2030. Crucially, the UK’s refuelling stations will have 700 bar fuelling systems, which manufacturers have confirmed is the standard that hydrogen vehicles will require.
Written by Angela Pisanu
2015 has been mooted as the year that the hydrogen era will kick off. But as we are approaching the end of 2013, how close are we to driving around in hydrogen-powered cars, asks Angela Pisanu
Alternative Fuels
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
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FINDING THE POWER So we have the cars, but where to refuel? There are various hydrogen refuelling stations cropping up around the UK, Europe, and indeed, across the globe. There are currently two hydrogen refuelling stations in London, built and supplied by Air Products. There is a publicly accessible one at Heathrow Airport, which was used to
GOVERNMENT SUPPORT The UK government is supporting the role out of hydrogen as part of its pledge to decarbonise the transport sector. The UKH2Mobility programme brings together three government departments and industrial participants from the utility, gas, infrastructure and global car manufacturing sectors to evaluate the potential for hydrogen in the UK. In its first report released in April 2013, it predicts that 1.6 million hydrogen powered vehicles could be on UK roads by 2030. Business Minister Michael Fallon said: “The transition to ultra-low emission vehicles has already !
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needed for electrolysis can be sourced from a renewable source such as wind or solar. It can also be made on-site, meaning there are no emissions released during the delivery. This makes it truly carbon free. Clean fuel company ITM Power has created a refuelling platform which generates hydrogen on-site. What’s more, it uses surplus renewable electricity that would otherwise be lost from the grid.
Honda FCX Clarity
" begun. It has the potential to create really significant new economic opportunities for the UK, to diversify national energy supply and to decarbonise road transport. The findings released [in the report] demonstrate that hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles can make a significant contribution to this. “Successful commercialisation of the technology will require Government to work in true partnership with industry. Our international rivals are looking to steal a march in this area and so UKH2Mobility recognises the importance of prompt action to ensure the potential benefits are realised by businesses and consumers in the UK.” PROJECTS AROUND THE UK There are numerous large-scale demonstrator projects and research programmes into hydrogen fuel cell vehicles taking place around the UK. The Isle of Wight, known as ‘Ecoisland’, has gained Technology Strategy Board funding to build a hydrogen energy production, storage and vehicle refuelling system and integrate it into the power system on the island. Scotland has the largest fleet of hydrogen buses in any European city, with six hydrogen fuel cell buses in Aberdeen as part of the ‘HyTransit’ project and four under the High V.LO-City project. Wales is investing a significant amount of money into research and development of hydrogen, lead by the University of Glamorgan, and Birmingham will get a hydrogen refuelling station as part of the SWARM project, to support a fleet of more than 90 small, specifically designed fuel cell vehicles operating in local clusters. And going back to the capital, five Hyundai ix35 Fuel Cell models and a number of Revolve hydrogen powered vans will play a role in the London Hydrogen Network Expansion project. They will be leased to key public and private fleet users in the
capital and the infrastructure will be put in place to support their operation. HOW ‘GREEN’ IS HYDROGEN? The question now is, how environmentally-friendly is hydrogen? At the tail pipe, it emits no harmful emissions, only water vapour. But what about the process to create hydrogen? Hydrogen is not found on its own, but exists as a component within many different materials, like water (H2O) for instance. It therefore must be extracted, and this process requires energy. Currently, the main method of generating hydrogen is by steam reforming of natural gas but it does result in greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrogen can also be produced by electrolysis of water.
Alternative Fuels
HYDROGEN
SAFETY Refuelling a fuel cell car is done under high pressure through a secure locked seal to ensure no hydrogen escapes. If it does, being lighter than air, the hydrogen will float away and disperse. Therefore it is crucial that refuelling is always conducted either in the open air or in a well-ventilated space. To quote Hyundai: “Like all fuels, hydrogen must be treated with respect but when used with proper safety controls it is as safe as petrol or diesel.” SO WILL IT TAKE OFF? The technology works, we have a promise of fuel cell cars and hydrogen refuelling stations, and there’s government support, so the future looks promising. But it will no doubt boil down to price and as yet, Hyundai has not announced the cost of its cars. The company admits that at first they will be expensive as the technology is new, but that by 2030, with 300,000 predicted for UK roads, the cost will come down. Then fuel-cell vehicles will be at least cost-competitive with conventional vehicles, they say. Element Energy’s Ben Madden sums up the future barriers: “While there are further improvements to lifetime cycles and efficiency to come, as well as the cost reductions that come with large volumes and cost reduction,
‘Brown’ hydrogen is currently the most common, generated using non-renewable energy sources during the separation process. It can be made greener if renewable sources of energy are released during the extraction process ‘Brown’ hydrogen is currently the most common hydrogen that’s commercially available, and is generated using non-renewable sources of energy during the separation process. In addition, supplies are usually delivered to the refuelling station, therefore carbon emissions are released during both the distribution and separation processes. But, importantly, hydrogen can be made ‘greener’ if renewable energy sources are used during the extraction process. Electrolysis is one such way to make hydrogen production greener, and the Phase 1 report from UKH2Mobility confirms it is to play a key role in hydrogen roadmap for the UK. The electricity
fundamentally the technology as far as the cars are concerned is there. “The next challenge is the infrastructure, the refuelling network, because without that you won’t get the volume sales of the cars. “My personal feeling is that fuel cell vehicles stand a much better chance of success than Battery EVs as there are no range-limitation or refuelling time issues. The only issue is whether it’s possible to roll out the refuelling network sufficiently quickly to keep up with consumer expectations.” So will 2015 be the start of hydrogen’s future as a commonplace green fuel? Only time will tell. #
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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Alternative Fuels Written by Rosaline Hulse, Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association
BIOGAS
FREIGHT SECTOR NEEDS A GAS EXPLOSION
Biogas is being hailed as one of the few technologies able to decarbonise heavy goods and freight vehicles. Rosaline Hulse of the Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association (ADBA) takes soundings from the experts involved and reports on the Biomethane and Gas Vehicle Conference which took place in London on June 5, World Environment Day At the UK’s first Biomethane and Gas Vehicle Conference on June 5, Sustainable Transport Minister Norman Baker said that the “potential benefits of using biogas are huge,” but what exactly did he mean by huge? A mixture of carbon dioxide and methane, biogas is produced through anaerobic digestion, whereby organic material, such as food and farm wastes, slurries, sewage sludge and crops, is broken down by micro-organisms and converted into biogas and digestate, a bio-fertiliser and soil improver. Biogas can be used to generate electricity and heat using a combined heat and power engine or, when cleaned up to remove the carbon dioxide and other trace elements to leave biomethane (which is practically identical to natural gas), injected into the gas grid for heating our homes or, as we will focus on here, used as a vehicle fuel. One of the few technologies able to decarbonise heavy goods and freight vehicles, reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 60 per cent and fuel costs by 13 per cent in comparison to diesel, biomethane also delivers huge air quality benefits, helping to reduce NOx emissions by over 85 per cent and particulate emissions by 97 per cent. So what is the potential for low carbon trucks? We asked Andy Eastlake, managing director, Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership for the over-arching strategy to allow biomethane to deliver in this hard to decarbonise area: LOW CARBON TRUCKS – METHANE IN MOTION “Reducing the carbon impact of our road transport system is an important objective of
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the UK government and the raison d’etre of the Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership (LowCVP). While much of the policy and media focus has been on progress in passenger cars, over a third of road transport carbon emissions come from our freight sector: vans and trucks. “A recent report produced by LowCVP highlighted the top three opportunities to reduce carbon emissions from freight in the near term; highest among these was switching our trucks to run on methane, ideally biomethane. “The benefits of methane fuelling are well known and have been documented over many years by research organisations and fleets. Massively lower particulates and NOx emissions together with carbon savings up to 60 per cent can be readily achieved. However, as with any new technology, the devil is in the detail and it is vital to keep researching and maintain development to keep pace with the progress in the development of traditional fuels. “At the recent UK Biomethane and Gas Vehicle Conference in London, stakeholders came together to discuss the progress being made and further initiatives needed to accelerate the uptake of this important ultra-low carbon fuel. “The LowCVP is actively supporting the development of a DfT strategy for
methane-powered HGVs, the first part of which is due to be published in July. Faced with the challenge of reducing the carbon impact of long haul and regional truck operations, methane – both fossil and bio (in both liquid and compressed forms) – provides one of the best solutions now available. But there is still work to be done to build the evidence base into a compelling business case.” MAPPING THE VARIETY “Of course the variety of methane sources available needs to be properly mapped to ensure the lowest carbon pathways are used, and the potential biomethane supply must be identified and effective incentives applied if it is to be used for transport rather than power generation. Gas filling stations are being opened every month and initiatives such as the DfT/TSB Low Carbon Truck Trials are encouraging the introduction of trucks and refuelling infrastructure. “Vehicle manufacturers have supported the move and now offer a range of fully supported gas-fuelled trucks ready for deployment. The air quality benefits are already well proven but the newest generation of Euro VI diesel engines have shown very encouraging results and this comparison is perhaps the most !
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NEW PEUGEOT 308 THE
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BIOGAS " important consideration for the future. A range of operators is making large investments in gas vehicles with some very encouraging early results. “Gas engines don’t only apply to trucks; there are well-established projects for large vans and buses running on methane in the UK and elsewhere. After 20 years of trying it really does feel like the UK gas vehicle market is ready for take-off but the fuel duty regime and a long-term vision in terms of government policy for methane in transport will be critical if more operators are to take the plunge and commit to gas vehicles. “So the vehicles, the fuel and the users are all in place; all that is now needed is to build the evidence and implement the required policies in order for us to see methane and biomethane make a real difference in terms of cutting freight sector emissions.” REAL-WORLD USE Biomethane is already being used in the fleets of many big house name brands and organisations, including B&Q, Tesco, Sainsbury’s, Coca Cola, UTS, London Borough of Camden and John Lewis, and many more are exploring the possibilities, with councils like Sheffield looking at how the infrastructure needs to be developed to work in their locality. Phil Lowndes, managing director of the Gas Vehicle Alliance Group, explains how the group can support organisations that are considering the use of gas in their fleets.
major bus companies, and Ireland’s first public CNG/biomethane station, all of which are due to complete this year, and separately due to complete in 2014 we are working on three new AD gas-to-grid plants, three (non-public) gas stations and a dedicated biomethane truck. “Trading under two separate companies, The Gas Bus Alliance and The Gas Vehicle Alliance, has allowed dedicated staff to develop and support the needs of two very different markets. The combined mix of experience totalling 85 years means the weakness of one is covered by the strength of another. “The partnership agreements and the joining together of experts in their own field has brought about confidence and comfort in the market place rather than early competition that sends mixed and confusing messages for those who seek alternatives to using commercial diesel fuel.” FTA OUTLINES BIOMETHANE’S ROLE IN FREIGHT The role of biomethane in reducing freight’s carbon emissions is explained by Rachel Dillon, climate change policy manager at the Freight Transport Association. “Using biomethane in road freight transport represents a real opportunity to drive down the sector’s emissions and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. Already, many logistics companies are using dual fuel vehicles to reduce carbon emissions and help improve air quality, but
The strong demand for biomethane from the freight sector should not be surprising. A quarter of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from transport and heavy goods vehicles are one of the only sectors where emissions are increasing “Set up in 2010, the Gas Alliance Group was formed from the partnering of five UK companies, all of which have many years’ experience in the alternative fuel industry. In 2012 a sixth company joined and recently in 2013 a seventh. “The sole mission of the Alliance is to give total support for any UK client who is thinking of using gas in commercial vehicles. “Offering a one-stop-shop solution for those interested in reducing emissions from transport the Alliance works across the supply chain including: production and supply of biomethane from farm and food wastes; gas shipping; capital free refuelling stations; biomethane fuel supply contracts; and trial demo support of gas vehicles. BIG PROJECTS “The Group is currently working on what will be the UK’s largest biomethane to grid AD plant, five biomethane gas stations with 10-year gas supply for four
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GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
there are many barriers to turning biomethane use in HGVs from small scale to mainstream.” “FTA has called upon the government to provide the necessary confidence to freight operators to embrace gas as a viable alternative to fuel in its Gas Manifesto. In order to make gas a mainstream fuel, the duty differential for road fuel gas needs to be maintained for a much longer period, ideally ten years. This would provide confidence for operators to invest in expensive vehicle conversions and supporting infrastructure. “The development of a national gas refuelling infrastructure on main motorway routes is crucial, too. It would make the business case for gas HGVs much more favourable as the need for private refuelling is reduced. It would provide more flexibility on journey lengths as public refuelling stations would remove the need to go back to base to refuel and encourage smaller fleet operators to make the switch. There are already examples of public refuelling infrastructure being
developed, such as Gasrec’s first bio-LNG refuelling station which opened at Daventry in May, and we look forward to more.” “Recent commercial vehicle trials of biomethane suggest a carbon saving in excess of 60 per cent compared with an equivalent diesel vehicle. Additionally, nitrous oxide emissions are lower and particulate emissions are reduced by 97 per cent. However we need to ensure there is enough biomethane supply for the road freight transport sector. Transport is losing out to other sectors due to policies like the Renewable Heat Incentive that diverts biomethane supplies to heating. “Biomethane is the only viable renewable fuel for transport; it is suitable for long trunking and heavier HGVs where other technologies such as electric vehicles are unworkable. Government urgently needs to address this; freight can use natural gas but to really achieve enduring carbon reduction, we need to move to biomethane.” MEETING DEMAND The strong demand for biomethane from the haulage and freight sector – voiced repeatedly at the London Conference – may be remarkable, but it should not be surprising. A quarter of the UK’s carbon dioxide emissions come from transport, and heavy goods vehicles are one of the only sectors of the economy where emissions are actually increasing. The Supreme Court ruled in May that the UK is breaching the EU Air Quality Directive, with Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Particulate Matter (PM) emissions from transport largely to blame. Replacing diesel vehicles with dedicated biomethane trucks reduces emissions by two thirds, and can reduce NO2 and PM emissions by 86 per cent and 97 per cent respectively. If there are clear reasons why the transport industry is increasingly interested in biomethane, there are also clear implications for government policy and the waste industry. Meeting this demand requires significant increases in the volume of biogas generated and converted to biomethane for transport. From government, cross-departmental coordination is needed to ensure waste and bioenergy policy supports the industry, for example through rolling out separate food waste collections, and ensuring the financial incentives support producers who could supply biomethane for transport. This needs to happen because, as Dr Alan Whitehead, MP for Southamptonm Test, put it at the June event: “There is no alternative”. # FURTHER INFORMATION Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association www.adbiogas.co.uk Low Carbon Vehicle Partnership www.lowcvp.org.uk Freight Transport Association www.fta.co.uk
NEW PEUGEOT 308 THE
NOW AVAILABLE TO ORDER Built on a lighter, stronger platform the All-New 308 delivers a dynamic, intuitive driving experience and also has a sleek new interior, the Peugeot i-Cockpit, with a 9.7” touchscreen*. The All-New 308 has undergone 4 million km of testing to guarantee long lasting performance. It’s a breakthrough in engineering and technology – and will be a benchmark for modern hatchbacks. To find out more visit business.peugeot.co.uk/new308 or call us for more information on 02476 884 644. Official EU fuel consumption in mpg (l/100km) and CO2 emissions (g/km) for the 308 range are: Urban: 35.8 (7.9) to 67.3 (4.2), Extra Urban: 57.6 (4.2) to 85.6 (3.3), Combined: 47.1 (5.0) to 76.3 (3.7). CO2 134-95. These figures have been achieved under official EU test conditions. They are intended as a guide for comparative purposes only, and may not reflect actual on-the-road driving conditions. Model shown is a 308 Feline. *9.7” touchscreen is available on 308 Active level and above.
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Sustainable Travel Plans Written by Laura Woods, Research & Information Officer, Brake
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
GREENER TRAVEL
GETTING FROM A-TO-B SUSTAINABLY
Safer roads, a cleaner environment and reduced costs to organisations present a highly persuasive case for implementing a sustainable travel plan, argues road safety charity Brake
Commuting and driving for work carries a substantial risk: at least one in three road crashes in Britain involves someone driving for work. Sustainable choices can help reduce exposure to road risk by reducing the number of vehicles on our roads, particularly during busy commuting periods. In addition to the safety impact, driving for work comes with a huge environmental cost. According to WWF, business travel accounts for more than 50 per cent of the carbon footprint of non-manufacturing businesses. It is also a significant proportion of all road travel: commuting and business travel accounted for 37 per cent of miles driven by cars and vans in Great Britain in 2011. Sustainable choices can also help reduce fleet operating costs and travel reimbursement claims, not to mention the positive impact they have on employee wellbeing. The first step towards making sustainable choices is to develop and implement a sustainable travel plan. DEVELOPING A TRAVEL PLAN A travel plan is a strategy to address travel during the working day and to and from the workplace. It is not an anti-car policy, but rather a way of promoting safer, more sustainable alternatives to single-occupancy car travel, and ensuring the right type of transport is used for any necessary travel. A travel plan can also be used to assess whether travel is needed at all, or if alternatives
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GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
such as teleconferencing could be used. A travel plan should begin with a survey to establish a baseline for how employees and other site users already travel, and a site audit to identify possible alternatives. This information can then be used to identify new policies that may be required, and set targets for travel reduction. Companies that run fleets can also address their journey planning, vehicle selection and the behaviour of their drivers in order to improve fuel efficiency and reduce environmental impacts. Different types of fleets may require different strategies within their travel plans. Some examples of appropriate policies for different fleet types are given below.
hybrid buses to reduce emissions. What’s more, they could monitor and reduce vehicle idling time to reduce fuel wastage; closely monitor tyre pressures to improve safety and fuel economy; and investigate the use of electronic acceleration control. Safe and Fuel Efficient Driver (SAFED) training for drivers could also be investigated to make sure drivers are driving in an economic manner. CAR AND VAN FLEETS To ensure car and van fleets are being used as efficiently and safely as possible companies should select the most fuel-efficient and safest vehicles that are fit for purpose. They could introduce SAFED training for drivers, and encourage the use of public transport for business travel wherever possible. They could also ensure meetings are scheduled in locations easily accessible by public transport.; Organisations operating van and car fleets should also review mileage rates to ensure they do not encourage drivers to cover excessive distances. What’s more they could introduce time and mileage limits for business journeys by car to avoid employees spending too long behind the wheel. To help plan the
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BUS AND COACH FLEETS Bus and coach fleets already have strong green credentials as they carry so many people, helping to reduce congestion and emissions. Operators can make further gains by ensuring the operator’s own employees use company buses as transport, and promoting bus routes to local companies and offer discounted season tickets to businesses. Bus and coach operators could also consider the benefits of biofuels, renewable fuels, and
most efficient journeys, organisations could use route planning software. Managers should allow enough time for drivers to reach appointments, to decrease fuel use and crash risks. The organisation could also encourage vehicle sharing, rather than employees visiting the same customer in different vehicles; and ban all mobile phone use while driving: if employees need to make a call, they should take the train or bus to allow them to work. TRUCK FLEETS Much of the above advice for bus and car fleets will also apply to trucks. In addition, truck fleets can plan delivery schedules around the most efficient routes, taking into account peak congestion periods; and if vehicles are home-based, aim to schedule the last job of the day as close to the driver’s home as possible, to reduce wasted mileage. THE BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY Technology allows some journeys to be avoided entirely, through video conferencing and home working. Fleet managers should work with other departments to ensure video or teleconferencing facilities are available to employees, and promote the benefits with regular awareness raising initiatives. It can be useful to keep a record of mileage saved in this way, to promote the benefits of the system to the Board. In-vehicle technology, such as telematics systems that monitor driver behaviour and provide feedback, can also be a good way to ensure that all drivers are as efficient as possible. Telematics systems allow events such as harsh braking and speeding to be recorded, to ensure that fuel-efficient driving techniques are utilised (see below). These systems often produce a driver ‘score’, based on the individual driver’s habits. These scores can be used to incentivise the safest and most efficient drivers, as well as indicating which drivers may require further training. FUEL-EFFICIENT DRIVING There are simple steps that all drivers can take to save fuel while driving. These include going easy on the accelerator and avoiding over-revving and using an appropriate speed for the conditions, which will often be slower than the speed limit. Maintaining a safe distance, allowing time and space to anticipate potential hazards to avoid having to slow down and speed up frequently; and using the highest possible gear for the speed travelled will also make for more efficient driving. TAKE THE PLEDGE The Pledge is Brake’s campaign to reduce dangerous and unnecessary driving. It’s a key tool for fleet managers, who can attend a low-cost one-day course equipping them to deliver ongoing safety and sustainability campaigns to their at-work drivers. At its heart are six promises drivers are encouraged to commit to. Firstly it’s
A travel plan should begin with a survey to establish a baseline for how employees and other site users already travel, and a site audit to identify possible alternatives. This can then be used to identify new policies that may be required, and set targets for travel reduction to drive slow: at 20mph or slower around communities, slow down on rural roads, avoid overtaking and never break speed limits. The next pledge is to drive sober, not impaired by any amount of alcohol, illegal drugs, or medication that can affect driving. The next pledge is to drive sharp: never drive tired, or when in pain, groggy or stressed, and have an up to date eyesight test. The next pledge is to drive silent: put phones on message service and out of reach when driving, and never fiddle with sat navs or other electronic equipment. The next pledge is to drive secure: drive a well-maintained vehicle, wear a seat belt (or helmet if on a motorbike), and ensure passengers do so as well. The final pledge is to drive sustainably: avoid unnecessary driving to reduce pollution of the planet. Drivers can make the Brake Pledge online, to show their commitment to driving safely. For further information on Pledge courses for managers and to make the Pledge online, visit www.fleetsafetyforum.org. CASE STUDY: THE ENVIRONMENT AGENCY The Environment Agency has 11,000 employees across 279 buildings and more than 2,500 other sites. In 2005/6 agency employees drove about 58 million miles. The agency has introduced a travel hierarchy, to encourage employees to choose carbon-efficient travel and thus reduce its carbon emissions. Employees are first asked to consider if travel can be avoided, for example through teleconferencing. If travel is unavoidable, the next step down the hierarchy is public transport or cycling, facilitated by an in-house rail booking system, and a business mileage allowance for cycling. If travel by car is necessary, employees must choose vehicles with the lowest carbon impact and cost. Employees may only use their own car when all previous options have been exhausted. Own-car use is limited to less than 75 miles per trip, and 3,000 miles each year. Since 2005/06 the agency’s car mileage has reduced by 21 million miles, saving about 5,000 tonnes of CO2. All of these policies and organisational tools have reduced the impact of the Environment Agency’s travel as well as reducing the cost.
Sustainable Travel Plans
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
CASE STUDY: BRAKE Brake is clear with its employees that it requires them to avoid driving for work in all but the rarest circumstances. Employees who work in the Brake head office must live within a reasonable commuting distance and are encouraged to travel to work by public transport or on foot or bike. Commuting by car for specific reasons, while abiding by Brake’s Pledge, must be agreed on a case by case basis with managers. Meetings are always arranged to happen in the Brake office (which is easily accessible by train) or at a time and location elsewhere that is easily accessible by public transport. Brake employees are required not to get into any vehicle that they consider to be old and in a potentially dangerous condition, and are required not to travel with any driver that they consider may not drive safely. Parents who work for Brake are required to respect Brake’s campaigns for parents to reduce congestion around school and nursery gates, and to contribute to alleviating this congestion by walking to the school or nursery gates wherever possible. ADVICE FOR FLEETS Sustainable travel plans can benefit employee safety by reducing risk exposure to crashes. All types of fleets can address their impact through journey planning, vehicle selection, and driver training and engagement. By encouraging public transport use, and implementing flexible working, companies can reduce the need for business travel, benefitting the environment and the company’s reputation. ! FURTHER INFORMATION www.brake.org.uk
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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Written by Jessica Royer Ocken
WINNING THE TELEMATICS RACE THROUGH DIVERSITY
The must-haves of the connected future are options. Jessica Royer Ocken reports on the latest worldwide development in Telematics and connected vehicle technology The must-haves of the connected future are options. Jessica Royer Ocken reports on the latest worldwide development in Telematics and connected vehicle technology. The automotive future is on track to resemble scenes from ‘Knight Rider’ – the 1980s television show starring David Hasselhoff as a modern-day knight and a Pontiac Firebird Trans Am as his supercomputer-powered sidekick, KITT. That’s at least what Scott Fosgard, a spokesperson for infotainment at GM, envisions: “When I drive around now, I think of the old TV show,” Fosgard says. “You’re thinking of a need on the fly, and your car is solving that problem for you before you reach your destination. It’s the ability to redefine what a car is, and how it does it.” Perhaps your car calls ahead to notify your next appointment that you’re running late—and it reserves a parking spot for you so you can get inside as quickly as
possible. Or it helps you locate a restaurant to your liking in an unfamiliar city. Or it alerts you to the need to leave for your next meeting, taking traffic and current conditions into account. The automotive industry is not there yet, but the time when the connected car allows for extensive personalisation, and even starts to think for the driver, is not far off. “OEMs are trying to keep up with mobile-device makers,” says Anna Buettner, a senior analyst in automotive and infotainment at IHS. “The vehicle can’t be a white spot where connected devices either don’t work or integrate.”
THE FUTURE What, then, does the road to this connected future look like? According to a 2013 IHS Automotive report written by Buettner, worldwide sales of embedded systems like GM OnStar or BMW ConnectedDrive reached 7.34 million units in 2012 and will exceed 45 million by 2019. At the same time, sales of telematics systems enabled by connecting to a mobile device – Ford SYNC and Kia’s UVO are two examples of these – are expected to grow from 3.16 million units sold in 2012 to nearly 18 million units by 2019. "
Sales cs ati of telemnabled e systems ecting to by conn device are e a mobilted to grow expec 6m units in 1 from 3. to 18m by 2012 19 20
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES # Higher sales volumes alone won’t put connected cars in KITT’s league. What is being delivered must evolve. And that’s what the industry is working on right now. BEYOND SAFETY AND SECURITY The safety and security features that once had a starring role in telematics packages are now growing into expected commodities. “If a car doesn’t have reliable connected services, it might as well just have a radio,” Buettner says. So is navigation. From now on, it’s premium services that will attract and retain customers willing to pay for telematics, Buettner believes. In some cases, OEMs are already opting for mobile-based infotainment solutions that do not include safety and security functions at all. According to Buettner, the current telematics leader is GM with OnStar, as measured by sales volumes and longevity in the market. GM has made embedded telematics standard on every model of their four US auto brands. But the field could be poised for change. Buettner cites Volkswagen’s emerging MIB platform, which was introduced this year and will be deployed globally, and Toyota’s region-specific solution as two approaches to watch. OPTIONS, OPTIONS, OPTIONS Buettner sees the current move by OEMs toward providing Internet radio as an example of the mobile industry’s influence and the need to diversify the in-car app offering. “They can’t just do Pandora for the US and one in Europe, and assume everyone’s happy,” she says. In fact, as many as 10 different radio apps may be needed to give customers the choices they expect. “It does involve some R&D to implement an app, but OEMs
want to be as broad as possible so they can cover all the Internet radio users.” By that logic, the must-haves of the future are actually options rather than one particular fabulous feature, Buettner says. “It’s about customisation, different demographics, personal needs,” she says. “OEMs need to let customers customise their experience in the car.” GM seems to have received the message. In January, the company announced a new app framework and an accompanying app store, so users can pick and choose what they want to have in their vehicles from a range of GM-certified options. “We’re never going to sanction playing Angry Birds or watching YouTube while you drive,” Fosgard says. But he sees plenty of potential for things like Yelp!, Urban Spoon or Open Table, not to mention a host of things “no one has thought up yet.” ENGAGING APP DEVELOPERS To ensure the widest array of apps possible, GM is reaching out to developers currently creating for smartphones and tablets. One way it hopes to entice them is by offering an app framework that is based on HTML5 and Javascript, the preferred developer languages. Beyond smartphone-style apps, GM also plans to allow developers to create ‘car apps’ that take vehicle data and make it beneficial to the driver. These apps will be unique to OnStar-equipped vehicles. Perhaps drivers will want to send a summary of their habits behind the wheel to their insurer as leverage for a better premium, Fosgard suggests. Or what if a Gas Buddy-style app not only knew where the stations were along your route but also knew your driving habits and your vehicle’s maintenance status and could advise you to fill up before you leave Indiana, where taxes are lower.
According to Fosgate, infotainment has moved 25th to 4th on the list of vehicle-related features people care about in a span of just five years
Telematics
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
About the author Jessica Royer Ocken is a regular contributor to Telematics Update (TU). For exclusive telematics business analysis and insight, check out TU’s reports: Telematics Connectivity Strategies Report 2013, The Automotive HMI Report 2013, Insurance Telematics Report 2013 and Fleet & Asset Management Report 2012. See more on the Telematics Update website: tinyurl.com/pen8ypo
“No one has the volume a developer cares about as an individual OEM,” Fosgard continues. So GM hopes a more open approach will mean a larger array of in-car options for their drivers, even if some of these apps are eventually available in other OEMs’ vehicles as well. CAPTIVE AUDIENCE “People spend 450 hours each year in their vehicle, so there’s a unique opportunity to engage with customers in a meaningful way,” says Nick Pudar, director of the developer ecosystem at GM. His favourite fantasy? An iPhone-style Siri experience in your vehicle. GM also plans to include 4G LTE connectivity in their vehicles as of the 2015 model year so that the car itself can provide the Internet connection need to power the apps. “Here we are as cars transition from analogue to digital,” Fosgate says. And they’re doing it fast. According to Fosgate, infotainment has moved from 25th to 4th on the list of vehicle-related features people care about in a span of just five years. This is an unprecedented change. “It’s been price, design, and fuel economy [at the top of the list] for the last 75 years,” he says. “Rock solid.” Pudar cites this as more evidence that his Knight Rider vision is not just a daydream. The rise of connected culture is changing what people want and expect from their vehicles. “So as we look at the next 10 years, this will reshape the industry.” !
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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ROAD FREIGHT EMISSIONS
Written by the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport
GREEN EQUALS GOLD
Freight & Logistics
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
Logistics is a substantial contributor to the UK’s carbon footprint, and measures to reduce output are not always easy. However, success in reducing emissions also results in financial benefits. The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) takes a look at the current scene Government statistics show that 21 per cent of UK greenhouse gas emissions come from transport. This is around the same level as in 1990. Of these emissions HGVs account for 20 per cent, light vans 13 per cent, buses 4 per cent and private cars 58 per cent. The remainder is made up of emissions from rail, domestic shipping and domestic aviation. As such HGVs can be said to represent some 4 per cent of total emissions and vans around 3 per cent - thus, in broad transport terms, logistics is responsible for around 7 per cent of all UK greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years concern regarding carbon emissions has come at the same moment as major increases in the world price of oil together with a continuing UK Government policy of imposing the highest levels of fuel duty on diesel and petrol in Europe. The combination of a social and environmental concern to reduce carbon emissions has been accompanied by a fundamental business imperative to reduce fuel consumption and cut operating costs. This necessity has also come simultaneously with the economic recession, starting in 2007/8 and still, in 2013, not over yet, and
requiring intense management control of all operating and production costs. In recent years the heaviest vehicles operating on UK roads have been subject to fuel costs amounting up to 40 per cent of total operating costs – an irony this, bearing in mind that the largest and heaviest vehicles, carrying a full payload, result in the lowest costs per tonne of payload moved! So the quest for operating efficiency and lower carbon emissions link to create a virtuous circle – improve logistics efficiency, reduce fuel consumption, lower carbon emissions and cut costs for the benefit of the bottom line, the company and the shareholder.
21 t of per cen se gas u greenhons which emissio transport om come fraccount for 20 – HGVs ent, and light HOW TO DO THAT? The tightening of Euro per c s 13 per engine standards, designed n a v to improve air quality in cent
cities, and in particular, nitrogen oxide levels, can make engines less fuel efficient and produce more carbon. It is clear that the latest of these, Euro V1, to which all new HGVs will be required to meet from next year, will produce virtually no carbon savings. Measures to encourage take-up of low carbon vehicles, particularly in urban areas, would mean a fall in carbon emissions as well as local air quality improvements.
The Department for Transport’s Low Emission Task Force, of which CILT is a member, aims to promote the uptake of fuel efficient, low emission road freight technologies and work is going forward on the prospects of switching to gas , improved aerodynamic efficiency, reduced rolling resistance of tyres and increased take-up of hybrid and electric vehicles. The Government is playing a further role by its introduction of mandatory greenhouse gas reporting for UK quoted companies after September 2013. In 2015 the Government will decide whether that obligation will be extended to all large companies. At the same time the Government is also considering a strategy with options and specific actions for how to achieve a switch towards gas fuelled HGVs in Britain. The strategy will need to be shared and subsequently delivered by Government and industry. In the meantime there are a series of practical steps which vehicle operators can take to reduce fuel consumption, cut carbon and save costs. The most effective fuel efficiency interventions are automated manual transmission; reduction of engine idling; cab roof air deflectors; vehicle maintenance and inspection; tyre inflation; aerodynamic body panels; speed limiters; low viscosity lubricants; trailers with sloping roofs; and fuel efficient tyre designs. The John Lewis Partnership, which operates some 2,700 vehicles, has focussed its "
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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ROAD
FREIGHT EMISSIONS
# carbon reduction efforts on aerodynamic improvements to its vehicles including rounded corners, side skirts on the tractor and trailer, and is working with Cambridge University to investigate ‘boat-tailing’ the rear end of trailers, tapering the sides and roof inwards and smoothing air flows under the trailer. The company reports substantial carbon and fuel savings.
Tesco runs five dedicated rail services, including trains from its Daventry national grocery depot, with an integrated railhead, to Inverness, Thurrock and Wentoog. In a year, the company saved 14.6 million road miles and 15,000 tonnes of CO2
DRIVER OPPORTUNITY Perhaps the most substantial opportunity for savings rests with the key person responsible for the daily operation of the vehicle – the driver. It has recently been claimed that the difference between poor driving techniques and the best can result in savings of up to 25 per cent in fuel consumption. And when considering an HGV operating consumption of around eight miles per gallon, with some vehicles doing perhaps over 80,000 miles per year, the potential for very substantial carbon and cost savings are self evident. In recent years the EU requirement for all lorry and bus drivers to receive a minimum of 35 hours ‘periodic’ training, over a five year timescale, has resulted in a statutory obligation for operators to provide enhanced training. Although the Driver CPC (Certificate of Professional Competence) does not set compulsory subjects for this training process, the selection of a fuel efficient driving mode would seem to be a no-brainer! And, indeed, there can be very few operators who have not included this subject within their programme. But the improvement of drivers in fuel efficient techniques is only part of the prospective carbon and cost savings that can be made in actions relating to drivers. Telematics systems are now available which allow deep analysis of driving techniques including acceleration and braking, gear changing, speeds and route planning, all of which provide both the driver and his manager with a far clearer understanding of how to achieve maximum efficiency and reduce waste. Turners (Soham) Ltd, which operates with over 1,200 drivers, has recently achieved dramatic carbon reduction through fuel efficiency with the implementation of a telematics system which enables the analysis of driver performance data, as well as developing route-based analysis and improvement tools. These practices do tend to be first adopted by the largest operators with the biggest fleets, but a recent survey found that 73 per cent of respondents regularly monitor the fuel performance of their drivers, and 66 per cent had ‘eco-driver’ type training schemes in place.
journeys undertaken and ensuring that every one of them counts. Sometimes empty running is virtually unavoidable – a petrol tanker goes out full, tips its load at a filling station, and then comes back empty. By contrast a dust cart goes out empty, collects the contents of bins, and comes back full. But recent advances in distribution patterns, co-operative schemes like pallet networks, consolidated deliveries involving one vehicle regularly serving two, even competitive suppliers serving the same customer, have all contributed to increased efficiency. Strangely, the recorded instances of empty running remain at around 25 per cent and, despite years of endeavour and the sort of techniques discussed above, the reasons for this lack of progress remain unclear. For certain, all operators will say that empty running is expensive, undesirable and to be avoided whenever possible. Totally avoiding carbon emissions from road vehicles has also involved the utilisation of other modes of transport – rail and waterway. Clearly the ability to remove freight from congested road systems by using trains and barges is a viable option for many movements, notably trunking of non-perishable products or perhaps building materials or aggregates over shorter distances. Government funding is available to support investment. Supermarket Tesco currently runs five dedicated rail services, including trains from its Daventry national grocery depot, with an integral railhead, to Inverness,
RUNNING ON EMPTY Maximum efficiency in vehicle utilisation clearly plays a key role in overall logistics efficiency. The ability to ensure that empty running is kept to a minimum by sensible and sensitive scheduling and route planning is vital in minimising the numbers of freight
Freight & Logistics
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
Thurrock, and Wentoog in Wales, and from Grangemouth to Aberdeen. In a year the company saved 14.6 million road miles and over 15,000 tonnes of CO2. CENTRE FOR SUSTAINABLE ROAD FREIGHT In 2013 a new initiative has been established designed to seek further decarbonisation actions by combining engineering and logistics thinking. The Centre for Sustainable Road Freight is a collaboration between the University of Cambridge and the Heriot-Watt University and will conduct a range of research projects including optimising long haul transport which will look at developing ultra-lightweight and higher capacity vehicles; optimising the rolling resistance of tyres; and a study of air flow around and under vehicles to perfect aerodynamics. Studies will also focus on sustainable urban freight to include finding the most fuel efficient ways to organise logistics in cities; the influence of driver behaviour; and utilising alternative fuels such as natural gas. The project is supported by a consortium of members who are involved in the day to day running of freight transport operations will ensure that the centre’s agenda remains current and relevant. Recently, the chief executive of a leading logistics company, said that he had yet to find a green initiative that did not have a bottom line pay-off. Inevitably, operating policies designed to cut carbon in logistics result in substantial financial saving for the operator – green equals gold. !
About CILT The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport is the professional body representing some 18,000 transport professionals. CILT endorses CarbonActive, a scheme designed to measure and reduce the carbon footprint of logistics operators, both in their on-the-road activities and their warehouse and depot work. For further information regarding CarbonActive go to www.ciltuk. org.uk/carbonactive , e-mail carbonactive@ciltuk.org.uk or call 01536 740128.
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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LGV DRIVER TRAINING
TRAIN TO SUSTAIN 15.9 billion is a big number. 15,900,000,000 in fact – the amount of miles HGVs travelled in 2011. Articulated vehicles get 7.6mpg. The UK fleet has a fuel consumption of 2.09 billion gallons of diesel, another big number. The finances associated with this are also big. Since July 2013 the bulk diesel price has not fallen below £1.12 per litre or £5.09 per gallon. The UK fleet’s fuel bill is £10.67 billion, that’s £10,670,000,000. We have around 330,000 professional drivers.
The t’s UK fleel is fuel bil With n. £10.67brofessional p 300,000, each driver drivers s £32,402 spend ear on per y l fue
On average each driver spends £32,402 per year on fuel. If we could find a 10 per cent improvement the results for a hard-pressed hauliers would be staggering. Imagine being given £3,204 as a gift per driver. I was a taught a long time ago that £1 saved is way better than £1 sold. The saved pound goes straight to profit, the £1 sold goes to direct costs and overheads before it arrives in your pocket. £3,204 per driver to the bottom line could mean that for every ten drivers, one comes free.
BOTTOM LINE IMPROVEMENTS I can’t think of a logistics firm that would not invest in plant and machinery for a 10 per cent improvement to the bottom line. Yet, there are a lot of drivers and firms that have yet to consider a fuel-efficient driving programme. There are great examples of why it should be top of every hauliers to-do list. I know of a national firm of 800 vehicles, facing a £14.1m fuel bill. They slashed almost £0.5m per year by training their drivers to think about fuel. The drivers were briefed daily on over-speed events, engine idling & planned versus actual consumption. It works. The daily briefings had a virtuous effect on all aspects of driver performance. As well as getting lower cost & higher profit, "
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
Written by Peter Murphy, the Logistics Guild
Peter Murphy of the Logistics Guild starts off with some staggering facts and figures about HGV use and points out how modest changes can make a big difference, encouraging drivers and firms to adopt the fuel efficiency module of DCPC
Freight & Logistics
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
51
LGV
DRIVER TRAINING
# emissions fell giving improved environmental performance, more of this later. The firm of efficient drivers witnessed a positive behavioural change. There was a drop in vehicle damage keeping the fleet on the road and productive. The repair bill came down. There was a fall in injuries. All of this facilitated a drop in insurance premiums. Costs are improved also – all for the price of one-day’s fuel efficiency training, plus an ongoing monitoring programme. Cost is hugely important in our industry but the spectre of carbon-tax looms in the shadows. If we were to aim for a 10 per cent fuel reduction across the fleet the UK would see a drop in the carbon footprint of our heavy vehicles, that could stave off environmental charges. The Transport Industry generates 10 per cent of the UK’s greenhouse gases. The Road Haulage Association (RHA) estimates that a 44 tonne GVW at 7.5 mpg will generate 159 tonnes of CO2 per 100,000 miles. Multiplying this up for our 15.9 Bn miles we travel around the UK each year, we pump 25.28bn tonnes of CO2 into the skies of Britain. INVESTING IN EFFECTIVE DRIVER TRAINING It makes both environmental and financial sense to invest in training our drivers to drive more effectively. Over the past five weeks the Logistics Guild provided a 5-day professional driving experience to 258 soldiers, about to depart the Services, in three barracks because the industry needs more and better drivers and the soldiers need jobs. All the participants had C+E licences but they had little to no time spent in civilian rigs. DHL, Scania and CRH provided their expertise in Barracks at Kendrew, Grantham and South Cerney, and this helped immensely. The soldiers lived as HGV drivers for five days and nights. They started at irregular hours, were backed into tight lanes, and taught the principles of efficient driving. One day into the fuel-efficient driving instruction every one of them was a better, more cost effective, less consumptive driver. Each soldier came away with a completed Driver Certificate of Professional Competence – DCPC. I saw first hand the power fuel-efficient instruction and I am keen that every one reading this article, who has not yet been taken up DCPC will be encouraged to get a move on.
We still have a scary number of drivers out there yet to take up, let alone complete the DCPC. With just 12 months to go, there will be a lot of pressure on training providers, with spaces being few and far between. If you have not begun your mandatory 35 hours of periodic training needed for your DCPC or if you are yet to finish, remember to take a module that has fuel efficiency at the core. SHORTFALL Skills for Logistics (SfL) studied DSA information for the take up of DCPC and found that there will be a shortfall of nearly 10 per cent in the number of training hours completed by the 2014 deadline. Across freight and passenger transport SfL calculates that in the best case nearly 50,000 drivers will not have completed the mandatory hours and the worst case could be almost five times that – another big number. If our drivers do not complete the training they will not be allowed to work in 12 months time. The 258 soldiers I mentioned have a fuel-efficient module under their belt and they are ready to work. With the pressure mounting for logistics-peak between now and Christmas, employers are not as strict with DCPC this year as they will be in 2014. Continued professional development is important in all walks of life and
About the author
Freight & Logistics
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
Peter Murphy is a consultant supporting Skills for Logistics in the development of the Logistics Guild and creating a sustainable commercial practice. He has an MSc in Renewable Energy and a Warwick MBA. for drivers, equally so. We operate in a hyper-competitive environment where keeping our skills sharp, optimising our costs and bringing value to our contractors, employers and clients means that we will be the ones they call first every time. The case for fuel-efficient driving is compelling. Few aspects of our trade can create tangible, bottom-line effects as rapidly as a well-trained driver. Lowering fuel consumption lowers cost and lowers emissions. A focus on driving practices has indirect benefits, less vehicle damage, less injury & lower insurance premiums. The investment is modest and can be part of the mandatory DCPC, a cost that has to be borne; combining the two makes a great deal of sense. !
The case for fuel-efficient driving is a compelling one. Few aspects of the logistics trade can create tangible, bottom-line effects as rapidly as a well-trained driver. Lowering fuel consumption drives down cost and also lowers emissions
About the Logistics Guild The Logistics Guild is a free-to-join member network designed to serve all logistics workers. For more information about The Guild and the array of benefits it offers, email guild@skillsforlogistics.org
53
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Insurance
FLEET PREMIUMS
Written by Allan Briscoe, chairman, British Insurance Brokers Association
EFFECTIVE FLEET INSURANCE STRATEGIES
The cost of operating motor vehicles is a major area of expenditure for most organisations, with motor fleet premiums usually representing a high percentage of overall insurance spend. As a legal requirement, apart from the rarely suitable option of going down the deposit or security route, there is no alternative for vehicle operators but to arrange insurance cover to protect against at least third party liabilities, so how can costs be kept to a minimum? Allan Briscoe, chairman of the British Insurance Brokers Association, explains Motor fleet insurance premiums are claims driven. Regardless of the level of coverage chosen, deploying an effective strategy aimed at reducing the frequency and cost of incidents is the only way in which total cost of risk will be controlled. It is not just the visible costs of incidents that impact an organisation’s profitability but also hidden costs such as absenteeism, lost productivity, time wasted on unnecessary administration or loss of brand reputation. These hidden costs will occur regardless of whether the incident involves a company provided vehicle or a vehicle owned and insured by the employee. A SAFE DRIVING CULTURE Driver buy-in and behaviour will ultimately determine how successful a risk management strategy is. Instilling a safe driving culture takes time and requires full commitment and
support from senior and middle management. Engaging drivers, asking them to contribute to the development and implementation process, is likely to produce a more successful outcome than simply imposing a set of control measures, some of which may prove ineffective or even impossible to actually put into practice. Incident reporting, recording and investigation procedures are a very important element of the loss control programme. Timely reporting helps the insurer to mitigate costs and comply with the required claims handling protocols. Thorough investigation
of incidents demonstrates to
drivers that all occurrences Driver are treated seriously by the organisation and not buy-in our i simply regarded as an v a inevitable consequence and behimately t l of vehicle usage. u l l wi how e Using the findings n i m r dete ssful a from investigations to implement actions succe gement aimed at preventing a risk many is likely re-occurrence, either for the individual driver or strateg be the wider driving force, is a to crucial and expected measure. Similarly, encouraging drivers to report any potential risk hazards, such as difficult delivery locations, or ‘near miss’ incidents helps build up a fuller picture of the risks they face on a day-to-day basis. "
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
55
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
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GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
FLEET
PREMIUMS
Using output reports from measurements of actions such as speed driven, heavy acceleration, harsh braking, and general fuel consumption, can convince drivers to change driving behaviours # SWIFT INTERVENTION Recording of full and accurate incident data facilitates ongoing analysis that can help with early identification of adverse and/or worsening trends and multi-incident drivers. This enables possible intervention measures to be identified and, if deemed appropriate, implemented swiftly. The information recorded and reported by insurers and accident management companies can usually be tailored to the requirements of the particular client and need not be too detailed. As long as the incident date, driver name, vehicle registration, incident circumstances and financials are recorded, that is sufficient for meaningful analysis to be undertaken. It is important that the same criteria be used to record details of self-funded losses, so that the two data sets can be easily combined and the full cost of risk quantified. TECHNOLOGY Advances in technology are undoubtedly making vehicles safer, cleaner and more
efficient to run. As well as helping to reduce operational costs, using output reports from measurements of things such as speed driven, heavy acceleration, harsh braking, excessive idling and general fuel consumption, can help convince drivers that they need to change driving behaviours when compared to their peers. There appears to be far less resistance amongst drivers to the use of such devices than was previously the case. Indeed the younger generation seem keen to embrace the technology and have a better understanding of the benefits that can be derived. Your insurance broker should be able to help you organise the fitting of the device. Evidence provided by the systems, whether it be confirmation of a vehicle’s location or the pictures captured by visual devices, can be invaluable in defending disputed liability, exaggerated or simply fraudulent claims. This cuts out unnecessary and unwarranted costs for both the insurer and the vehicle operator and is definitely a positive benefit to drivers who might otherwise be
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wrongly held responsible for an incident. A driver’s incident record (and it is important to know about all incidents not just those occurring during working time) and outputs from in-vehicle technology systems are only two elements of their overall driving profile. Combining this information with that taken from licence checks, details of any health issues, vehicle type driven, estimated annual mileage, results of any risk assessments undertaken and training completed, provides a more accurate indication of potential risk level. This allows the organisation to focus on those individual deemed to be in the higher risk categories. Most organisations already have a lot of information on individual drivers but don’t always bring it all together. If some of the information isn’t known, a simple driver questionnaire can be used to obtain it. CLAIMS RECORDS Improving the claims record of the fleet will not only lead to lower premiums but also provide a more stable platform for assessing future programme design options. This is usually a move to a higher level of self-insurance. Purchasing cover for own vehicle damage is of course purely optional but whilst third party cover is a compulsory requirement, it is possible for companies to ‘self-insure’ a certain proportion of the risk through a reimbursement arrangement with insurers. "
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Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
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GREENFLEETÂŽ MAGAZINE | Volume 67
FLEET PREMIUMS
As well as analysing claims data to identify adverse trends, a good insurance broker will use historical claims information to project future losses # Apart from analysing claims data to identify adverse trends, a good insurance broker will use historical claims information to project future loss levels. This determines the most likely cost-effective level of risk retention based on the corresponding premium level offered by insurers. This exercise is relatively easy to undertake where higher than current levels of retention are being considered, as adequate data is usually available from insurers. However, where lesser levels of self-insurance are to be assessed, data on losses within the current retention level is required from the fleet operator and it is surprising how many organisations currently struggle to provide this. Whilst retaining more risk will result in lower insurance premiums and reduced insurance premium tax, this obviously has to be offset against the additional cost of claims that the operator will incur themselves. Also, other extra outlays, such as increased claims handling fees or the possible need for letters of credit, need to be factored into comparable calculations.
STOP LOSS PROTECTION Past loss history cannot of course guarantee what future results will be. There is a possibility that overall programme costs may be higher if the claims experience turns out to be worse than anticipated and for this reason, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;stop lossâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; protection can usually be built into the programme, self-retention, thereby limiting the organisationâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aggregated exposure to a maximum amount in any one year. Cost is often cited as a barrier to implementing workable and effective control measures. However, insurers are generally becoming more receptive to requests to contribute towards such cost provided they can see evidence of positive actions being taken to improve the risk. In the long term, the return on investment will invariably outweigh implementation costs and from a duty of care perspective, this is an issue that fleet operators just cannot afford to ignore. Your insurance broker is ideally placed to work with you with these risk management issues. !
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About BIBA The British Insurance Brokersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Association (BIBA) is the UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;s leading general insurance intermediary organisation representing the interests of insurance brokers, intermediaries and their customers. Having merged with the Institute of Insurance Brokers (IIB) in November 2011, BIBA membership includes just under 2,000 regulated firms. General insurance brokers contribute 1 per cent of GDP to the UK economy and BIBA brokers employ more than 100,000 staff. BIBA helps more than 400,000 people a year to access insurance protection through itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Find a Broker service, both online and via the telephone. To find your nearest BIBA broker visit the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Find a Brokerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; section of the BIBA website, www.biba.org.uk or call BIBAâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s consumer helpline on 0870 950 1790.
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Volume 67 | GREENFLEETÂŽ MAGAZINE
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EVENT REVIEW
BROWN LEADS THE GREEN CHARGE
Opened by Transport Minister Keith Brown, GreenFleet Scotland helped to get the EV revolution underway in Edinburgh vehicle and get free fuel-efficient driver According to government statistics, a third training from the Energy Saving Trust (EST). of all Scottish car journeys are less than two miles long, and a quarter are less GAME-CHANGING EVS than one mile long – yet these create a Scotland’s Minister for Transport and the disproportionate amount of pollution. The Veterans Keith Brown kicked off the event, recently launched “Switched On Scotland” which gave visitors the chance to grab a document serves as a roadmap towards first look at BMW’s new game-changing the future that encourages businesses and electric vehicle, the i3. Brown said: “It’s private motorists to swap to Electric Vehicles, a privilege to open the event. It shows and aims to remove all petrol and diesel that both organisations with fleet vehicles cars from towns and cities and by 2050. and manufacturers and suppliers, are The government will spend over enthusiastic about reducing their £14 million in the next two environmental impact.” years to purchase EVs in “This s w o h Brown continued: replacement of its current s t even isations “Public corporations petrol and diesel fleet, n a can be the way the we and is installing charging that orgnufacturers a lead the change. Not points at major m c d i n t a sias ir u h least because they are buildings. It is also t n e are g the n sending out vehicles at continuing to encourage i c u d e fixed points each day, private buyers to go about r ronmental which come back to a electric with a £5,000 envi act” fixed point at night, and grant towards the imp d they know the routes. car purchase cost and , Scotlan n w o r B Keith ort Minister This is perhaps the easiest a 100 per cent grant to Transp transition to make. I remember cover the cost of installing a speaking to the Transport and home charging point. The grant Fleet manager at South Lanarkshire towards an electric van is £8,000. Council, and he is totally converted to Hammering the environmental and the idea of electric vehicles, which have financial messages home for businesses, made major savings for the council.” the fifth consecutive GreenFleet Scotland Around 50 different vehicles were available took place on September 5 at the Royal for test drive, including the Volvo V60, Highland Centre, Ingliston, and gave fleet claimed to be the world’s first diesel and transport managers the opportunity to plug-in hybrid, and new electric Nissan test drive the latest low and zero-emission
GreenFleet Scotland
DEDICATED TO PROMOTING A CLEANER ENVIRONMENT – www.greenfleet.net
The Fuel Efficient Driving Challenge made a return and tested drivers’ eco-driving skills
Leaf, which features more than 100 improvements over its predecessor. Commercial vehicle operators were catered for, with Fiat’s award-winning range, plus the Citan and Vito from Mercedes Benz. MILES PER GALLON MEASURED The Fuel Efficient Driver Experience featured teams from the public and private sectors taking part in a journey of almost 42 miles through Edinburgh, which was designed to replicate city driving with stops at five checkpoints. Teams were briefed in fuel-efficient driving methods beforehand, and then took to the roads to see how frugal they could be, with mpg, emissions and tracking monitored and calculated by RAC Business. The winners were announced in reverse order by David Aldridge, director of business services at RAC, on their stand. In joint 3rd place with a fuel consumption figure of 53.9mpg were Iron Mountain, Scottish Police and St Andrews University. In second place, with fuel consumption of 56.3mpg were Hamilton Driver Training. Taking first place, with a figure of 61.9mpg was West Lothian Council, and their trophy was collected by Judith Eadie from Automotive Leasing (pictured below, with GreenFleet’s eco-conscious racing driver ‘The Sprig’). ! FURTHER INFORMATION To view video footage from the GreenFleet Scotland event, visit scotland.greenfleet.net/video Keith Brown, Minister for Transport and Veterans opened the event
Fuel Efficient Driving Experience winners were West Lothian Council. Automotive Leasing’s Judith Eadie, collects their award from ‘The Sprig’ and David Aldridge, Director of Business Services, RAC
61
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Road Test
NISSAN LEAF TEKNA
Written by Roland Rendell
TURNING OVER A NEW LEAF New Leaf’s interior has a nicer look and feel
Nissan hopes that its second generation Leaf will help stimulate a market that has so far failed to reach the giddy heights that many predicted, says Roland Rendell I took delivery of the top-spec Tekna model. At first glance, the trained eye can see some minor aerodynamic tweaks to the front grill and wing mirrors, but the car still looks like a modern family hatchback. Underneath, there’s been a whole host of changes (at least 100, according to Nissan). The powertrain has been repackaged, reducing its weight by 32kg, and as a result, the boot has gained 40 litres of additional space courtesy of a relocated charger unit. Another change is a built-in locking mechanism on the plug socket to prevent anyone from unplugging the car when it’s charging. Inside, a complete makeover has given the car a nicer look and feel. As always, my first function is to put the driver’s seat as far back as possible, and passengers benefit from an additional 5cm of leg room thanks to the re-designed front seats. The centre console still features the touch screen, and this model also includes cameras for reverse parking. As well as a bumper mounted rear camera, there are wide-angle cameras in the front, back and sides of the car to give you a full 360 degree view. It actually looks like you’re being looked down upon from the satellites above… kinda spooky. Nissan’s CarWings connected device system returns, which lets you pre-heat the car using your smartphone or monitor the car’s charge from within your house. As with all EVs, the acceleration is amazing. A
new feature is the driving mode. If you want, pull the ‘gear knob’ towards the Drive position again, and this will select Braking mode, whereby the regenerative braking is increased during deceleration. This engages when the car is coasting or slowing down naturally too. Although it means that you freewheel less, you get more charge back over the course of a journey. Plus, on the steering wheel is the Eco mode – by selecting this you alter the throttle mapping to discourage harsh acceleration and extend the driving range. On the older Leaf, these options were combined and ran together. As for the handling, floor-mounted batteries provide a balanced centre of gravity, but you still retain a great response in the steering, meaning it tackles corners with ease. So, the key then is to make use of the new drive options, the reduced weight and your own EV eco-driving skills. One great little feature is the picture of a little tree in the top left of the display (inset), which “grows” as your driving improves. Once a tree is fully grown, a new one sprouts, and so on… I managed 2¾ trees! And it becomes obsessive. The car looks and drives better than its predecessor. As ever, zero to full battery can be achieved on a domestic 16amp power source in 8 hours, although this can be halved if you select the on board 6.6kW charger option, using a 32amp fast charger. This can provide a 30 to 80 per cent battery charge in just 15 minutes. However,
Looks are largely as the previous model
you have to use one of the mere 40-odd CHAdeMO standard quick chargers in UK. Once charged, the new Leaf is supposed to be able to deliver 113 miles… however, as always, I would look at it like this – anything over 85-90 miles is a massive bonus. There are 3 models and specs in the new Leaf. After the Government grant, the entry level ‘Visia’ starts at £20,990, while the midrange ‘Acenta’ sits at £23,490. The top-end Tekna is £25,490. Nissan has also introduced a battery lease scheme, which has reduced the list price by £5,000, but requires a £70 per month fee to cover battery rental. The new 2013 Leaf is a definite improvement over the original model in many ways. The extended range and claimed running costs of as little as 2.5p per mile are all compelling arguments to choose an electric car such as the Leaf if you’re a worker that typically travels less than 80 miles in a single journey. !
Nissan LEAF Tekna ENGINE: CO2:
80kW AC electric motor 0g/km
RANGE: VED:
113 miles Band A
BIK:
0%
PRICE (OTR):
£25,490 (inc VAT, after government grant)
Volume 67 | GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE
63
Road Test
FORD FIESTA ECONETIC VAN 1.6 TDCi
Ford Fiesta ECOnetic Trend Van 1.6 TDCi GROSS PAYLOAD: LOAD VOLUME: ENGINE:
Written by Richard Gooding
64
GREENFLEET® MAGAZINE | Volume 67
87g/km
MPG (combined):
85.6
VED:
£220
PRICE (ex-VAT):
The Ford Fiesta is the current darling of the small car market, but does it have what it takes to win over the car-derived van sector, too? Richard Gooding investigates
1m3
1598cc, 4-cyl turbodiesel
CO2:
WORKING CLASS HERO
505kg
£13,350
The Ford Fiesta has been perennially popular in the UK, with Ford recently celebrating the 4 millionth sale of its supermini-sized hatchback. Consistently topping the sales charts since its introduction in 1976, the small Ford is still selling in big numbers. As well as being the best-selling car in the UK so far this year, the light commercial version, the Fiesta Van, accounts for around 60 per cent of sales in its market. There’s been a load-lugging version in every generation of the Fiesta since the late 1970s, so the Fiesta Van is a model which has proved the simple car-to light commercial conversion works. Ford has been the UK’s best-selling van brand for 48 years, so it clearly knows a winning formula.
Interior is well-equipped
The latest sixth-generation Fiesta Van was introduced in 2009 and refreshed earlier this year, when the car-based Fiesta range received a mild facelift. But what is it about the Fiesta Van which makes it so popular? The looks are a good place to start. Although the 2013 Fiesta’s new ‘Aston Martin’-like grille can be descibed as ‘bold’, in this application it doesn’t look quite so garish. With new swept-back laser-cut headlamps and front fog lamps, the Fiesta Van looks smart. In Race Red, with the stylish wheel trims, lowered suspension (ECOnetic versions only) and redesigned rear lights, EO62 OPA cut quite an urban dash. The conversion from supermini to small van is a simple one. Based on the standard Fiesta’s three-door bodyshell, metal panels have been welded over the rear window apertures, while the rear seats have been removed. A DIN-compliant full height bulkhead with mesh protection keeps load and occupants safe, while four load tie-down lashing eyes and a wipe-clean load floor add practical touches. All these changes create 1m3 of carrying space and a payload of 505kg, although the standard Fiesta’s high load lip remains.
adjusts to provide lighter steering when parking and heavier assistance when driving on a motorway and it works well. Ford states that it only operates when required, too, further saving fuel. The gear change is equally positive with a firm almost sports-focused action, while the brakes are easily modulated. The ride is, unsurprisingly, as good as a car, and the diesel engine is refined at speed. There’s a little more road noise in the rear of the van than usual, but that can be put down to there being open space behind the front seats.
ic ECOnet is the rd’s WELL-EQUIPPED r Fo Being based on a car, name fo mental the Fiesta Van’s cabin n enviro . The Fiesta is as well-equipped as ogy its hatchback sister. technoln ECOnetic There’s supportive Va O 2 C a yet comfortable seats; s i ha an excellent Ford 1.6 TDC e of just SYNC sound system figur km which controls sound, / g 87 Bluetooth, and phone settings;
ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES ECOnetic is the name for Ford’s raft of environmental changes which alter a standard car wearing the blue oval to an economical one. In the Fiesta Van’s case, this means lowered suspension, low-rolling resistance 175/65 14 tyres, a start/stop system, regenerative braking, an aerodynamic rear undertray, and a gear change indicator. The Ford EcoMode display meanwhile, monitors your gear-changing smoothness, your anticipation levels and speed. The 1.6-litre TDCi engine has been specially-developed, and along with all these other alterations, is claimed to return 85.6mpg on the combined cycle. A CO2 figure of 87g/km is said to be the lowest in its class. While I only managed an average fuel consumption figure of 57.5mpg over my 410 miles with the car, there was plenty of potential for more. It’s just that the Fiesta Van encourages you to have a little driving fun. Long held up as a small car which delivers smiles form behind the wheel, the standard Fiesta’s fun dynamics translate well to the van. Ideal in an urban environment, the Fiesta Van scoots around town with ease, the Dagenham-built 93bhp engine with its 151lb ft of torque getting you in and out of traffic easily. Every control feels well-judged, with just the right amount of weighting. The steering, though electrically-assisted, is direct and communicative. The system automatically
a multifunction steering wheel; audio/aux-in/iPod connections and two cup holders. ‘Trend’ specification also adds manual air-conditioning, automatic windscreen wipers and headlamps, and an auto-dimming rear view mirror. The soft-touch dashboard is of good quality and the Fiesta Van feels as well-built as a regular car. A small point, but it also has the most naturally-positioned door armrest I’ve come across in quite some time. Essential for light commercial vehicle drivers spending much of their day behind the wheel. When it comes to running costs, the Fiesta Van has service intervals of 12 months or 12,500 miles. And with a potential driving range of 569 miles based on my average fuel consumption figure, fuel costs shouldn’t be too obstructive for fleet operators needing a small van suited to the cut and thrust of the city. A VED rate of £220 is standard for the class, while the £13,350 asking price is spot-on. FUN TO DRIVE The Fiesta Van only has two direct competitors – the £15,354 Fiat Punto Van 1.3 MultiJet Diesel 93bhp Start&Stop 110g/km, and the £13,108 Vauxhall Corsavan 1.3CDTi 93bhp Start/Stop 89g/km – and while neither are as clean as the small Ford, both boast a slightly larger payload. A slightly less clean but new 1.5 TDCi-powered Fiesta Van is also available, with CO2 emissions of 98g/km and an mpg figure of 76.4. On this outing alone, the Fiesta’s success is justifiably deserved. The Fiesta Van is a stylish, clean, economical, practical and fun-to-drive member of the car-derived van club. It’s easy to see how 3,000 Fiesta Vans have been sold so far in 2013. Advantage Ford. !
Road Test
Fiesta Van has a 505kg payload and a 1m3 load capacity
ECOnetic badge signifies environmental tech
Fiesta EcoBoost: small engine, big performance As well as the latest Fiesta van, GreenFleet recently had the chance to drive the new Ford Fiesta EcoBoost – a small-engined car with a big heart With the recent Fiesta facelift, Ford has slotted in a new 1.0-litre version of its EcoBoost range of engines. That may not sound like headline news, but the turbocharged three-cylinder engine develops 124bhp in £15,395 Zetec S guise seen here, while a 99bhp variant is also available. Why the fuss? Because while it may only be a 1.0-litre engine, performance is aligned to that of a 1.6. That swiftness doesn’t come at the expense of economy or emissions either. The Zetec S might be a warm hatchback, but it only emits 99g/km of CO2, and is said to be good for 65.7mpg. Ford says it uses 21% less fuel than a conventional 1.6-litre petrol engine, too, thanks in part to its standard start/stop system. Low emissions also mean zero road tax. What’s it like? The performance is genuinely astonishing. If you didn’t know that this particular small Ford has a small-capacity engine, then you’d be surprised. It pulls strongly from low revs, making overtaking easy. It’s a smooth engine too, the turbocharging and direct-injection technology making the best of the available power. The car’s five-speed manual gearbox is well-matched to it, and it even sounds good. Ride and handling are as the standard Fiesta, meaning fun driving dynamics and a comfortable yet cossetting chassis. Prices start at £13,745 for the 99bhp three-door Zetec and rise to £17,045 for the Titanium X. Overlook it at your peril.
Ford’s new three-cylinder EcoBoost 1.0-litre engine has a footprint the size of an A4 piece of paper
65
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CAR AND VAN RENTAL
COMPLETE VEHICLE RECHARGING SOLUTIONS
Green Motion Perrys Amersham Perrys Amersham Chesham Road, Amersham Buckinghamshire HP6 5EX www.perrys.co.uk/amersham-alfa-romeo Tel: 01494 958813 Perrys Alfa Romeo Amersham boast a wealth of experience within our sales and service departments. Our aim is to create a hassle free car buying experience. Our dedicated business to business team have the commitment and knowledge to cater for all of your business fleet needs. COMPLETE VEHICLE RECHARGING SOLUTIONS
EDF Energy
2 Redman Court, Bell Street, Princes Risborough, Bucks, HP27 0AA Tel: 01844 222333 reservations@greenmotion.co.uk www.greenmotion.co.uk
Tel: 01273 428 281 electricvehicles@edfenergy.com www.edfenergy.com/electricvehicles
Green Motion is the UK’s leading provider of low CO2 vehicle hire. Through our national network, we offer both leisure and business customers the opportunity to enjoy great value vehicle rental, while helping to reduce the impact of global CO2 emissions associated with road travel. There is no need to pay more for the green option. Apply now for Corporate Accounts.
EDF Energy provides an end-to-end recharging service covering the technical assessment of your site(s), impartial advice on hardware requirements and best price design solutions. To find out more or to discuss a consultation, call the Electric Vehicle Team on 01273 428 281 or email us at electricvehicles@edfenergy.com
DRIVER TRAINING
FLEET MANAGEMENT
Schneider Electric
Institute of Advanced Motorists
Run Your Fleet
Tel: 0870 608 8608 www.schneider-electric.com
IAM Drive & Survive, IAM House, 510 Chiswick High Road, London W4 5RG Tel. 0870 120 2910 enquiries@iamdriveandsurvive.co.uk www.iamdriveandsurvive.co.uk Do you want to keep your drivers safe and look after the vehicles they drive? IAM Drive & Survive has one of the most comprehensive ranges of occupational driver training and risk management in the UK. With online risk assessments, face-to-face seminars (including driver CPC) and comprehensive on-road driver training, IAM Drive & Survive provides a complete solution for any employer.
Forward House, High Street, Henley In Arden, Warwickshire. B95 5AA Tel: 08445 733111 sales@runyourfleet.com www.runyourfleet.com
As a global specialist in energy management, Schneider Electric has contributed to the electric vehicle (EV) market for more than a decade. We have partnered with leading professionals and research organisations to deliver efficient and safe residential, parking and fast charging solutions for EVs.
Run Your Fleet delivers innovative on-line fleet management solutions for fleets of all sizes. Services include: Maintenance control, managed breakdown cover, risk management, daily rental, contract hire and flexible leasing. Our industry leading telematics service – www.runyourtracking.com delivers full driver behaviour and unrivalled fuel and CO2 reporting.
ADVERTISERS INDEX
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Lex Autolease LJJ Associates Mercedes Peugeot Renault UK Rolec Services Schneider Electric Seat Shell UK Oil Products Skoda UK Swinton Insurance Toyota Truck-Lite Europe Vauxhall Vans Volvo Trucks VW
62 59 13, 15 33, 35 4 40 38 OBC 10 30 54 IBC 50 48 52 22, 24
All the abilities that drive success
Desirability Reliability Sustainability Affordability
What follows a petrol hybrid fleet?
Rangeability Serviceability
Almost nothing
New Auris Touring Sports from 85g/km CO 2. Brilliant.
delivering
Sustainability No dirty soot. Lower NOx. Less tax. When it comes to air quality, choosing petrol hybrids over diesels really does make sense. Discover a kinder way to cover business miles with our range of petrol hybrids. Come clean and calculate real-world petrol hybrid savings, scan or visit us online.
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brilliantforbusiness.co.uk 0844 701 6186