SURVIVING HOME REFUGEE CAMP INTERVENTION IN TURKEY
IDIL GUMRUK | PROF. HAJO NEIS | UNIVERSITY OF OREGON | SPRING 2016
Refugees have some of the most difficult, ambiguous and stressful living conditions on the planet today. The media has made the issue of “Syrian refugees� common knowledge through its constant repetition of that phrase. Unfortunately, it is not only Syrians who are affected by the ongoing wars and irrational fear of middle easterners, but rather all peoples of the region including Iraqis, Afghanis, Burmans, and Somalis, among others. Furthermore, unlike what one might think, the refugee crisis will not be over even if the Syrian War ends. With increasing tension, western involvement in this large region, and climate change, I believe the refugee population will only increase. Unless we decide to solve this issue effectively, and not just try to push it away into the background, it will only bring larger populations of refugees to the west. Currently, with the existing regulations of both Turkey and the West, we are only delaying a bigger catastrophe and more human tragedy. Keeping that in mind, I believe the refugee crisis will not be solved by just building housing for the affected populations. As opposed to the current temporary solutions, such as building refugee camps and various special voucher systems; education, training and jobs will create a much better and more long-term solution for refugees. As the world resources diminish and problems get more complex, we need to come up with simple but effective solutions. Taking all this into account, I propose the addition of a Maker Space into a refugee camp: using local, inexpensive materials and efficient construction methods, aiming to create skills and jobs that will help them define their own structures and therefore lives.
PAGES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
PROBLEM
5
SELECTING THE SITE
7
SITE ANALYSIS & URBAN DESIGN
11
CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE
13
FORM FINDING
15
DESIGN
25
MODELS
27
PRESENTATION
UKRAINE ROMANIA SERBIA BULGARIA ISTANBUL
ANKAR
TURK GREECE
EGYPT 1
RUSSIA
GEORGIA
RA
KEY IRAN
ALEPPO
SYRIA
REFUGEE CAMPS CITIES REFUGEES LIVE
LEBANON
PROJECT SITES
DAMASCUS
IRAQ
REFUGEE PATH TARGET GREEK ISLANDS DEPARTURE COASTLINE PHASE I SITE
JORDAN ISRAEL
PHASE II SITE
SAUDI ARABIA
SUPERVISED REFUGEE PATH BORDER GATE FRUIT GARDENS URBAN AREA FARMLAND
2
Number of People Effected by the War
Number of People Killed
11,000,000 470,000
Number of Internally Displaced People
7,632,500
Number of Refugees
4,843,344
Number of Refugees in Turkey
2,743,497
Number of Asylum Applications
689,365
People in Refugee Camps in Turkey
259.896 3
Male
ages
Female
10.5%
0-4
9.5%
10.3%
5-11
9.9%
7.2%
12-17
21.1%
6.8%
18-59 1.8%
1,182,261
60+
21.2% 1.8%
Refugees or 54.2% of the refugees are under the Age of 18
That is approximately the population of Brussels. 440,621 of these are at school age. They need to get back to their education. 305,308 of the rest are at high school level, who also needs to continue their education. About 436,259 of these are under school age. Even though they will not need education yet, they will need education in the near future.
1,964,293
Refugees are living outside the camps
Even though this number is an approximation, it is still a very large population. It is unknown how many of the refugees are living in which cities, whether how many of them are homeless, how do they manage to create an income, etc. However considering refugees’ general paths, they mainly stay in south-eastern cities, close to Syrian border; west coast, mainly cities close to Greek islands to escape; north-west, near Bulgarian and Greek borders, and large cities for better chances of income.
4
PHASE I SITE: BODRUM, BODRUM
I went through a series of site options, before I settle with the most recent one. First I looked at the west coast of Turkey, where people since that is the part of the country where most people looses their lives, on their way to Greece. After visiting the site, going through locals, and watching political landscape evolve over the course of the winter term, I came to realize that there was a lot to be done on the west coast, but none of the solutions involved an architectural project. Then I went through the refugees steps and came to realize, refugee camps are the best places to work on in order to create a long term, yet flexible solution that can be shaped in the future based on the politics and further policy changes.
PHASE II SITE: TURGUTREIS, BODRUM
There were still minor steps that can be taken on the west coast. I focused specifically on Bodrum on the early weeks of the project. As a solution I divided this the project into three phases, but only focused on one phase, that is in Akcakale Suleyman Sah Refugee Camp, in Sanliurfa.
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BODRUM PENINSULA
6
P PARKING
REGISTER
HOSPITAL TEMPORARY MOSQUE RESIDENCY
SCHOOL
MARKET
HOUSING
MAYOR
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-
P
CE RAN EN T
P
EXISTING SITE - 2012 9
SANITAR STATION
RY N
MAKER SPACE
PERMANENT STRUCTURES
Currently, the camp is divided into neighborhoods, that are divided by steel fences. In order to transform this camp into a more friendly and welcoming environment, I proposed to remove the fences, define more of a street systems that are following the existing pattern of tents. Replace fences and define street edges with local plants, and overall create a more positive environment with small interventions. PUBLIC TENTS PRIVATE TENTS PUBLIC BUILDINGS NEW BUILDINGS
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-
P
PROPOSED SITE - 2016
VISION - 2020 10
USING LOCAL RESOURCES: STONE & BRICK CONSTRUCTION TEXHNIQUE: CATALAN VAULT
LOCAL STONE (URFA TASI - A TYPE OF LIME STONE) FOR STABILIZING AND PROTECTING THE STRUCTURE
TARP FOR PROTECTION OF BRICK FROM AIR
SECOND LAYER OF BRICK
INITIAL LAYER OF BRICK
11
TECTONIC MODEL : CATALAN VAULT MOCK UP
12
in the past, for this compression only construction method, world known architectu Anthonio Gaudi, used hanging chains-tension only-- in order to get an idea of the form. This way compression only structures could be designed in reverse form of tension only forms.
13
Today, there are computated, physics simulations that uses the same principle for form finding. Computation makes for finding easier and faster. It also creates more room to experiemnet more options. There is no single way of using these tools, nor there is a single tool for this type of form finding. For this project I used the following softwares. RHINO + GRASSHOPPER + KANGAROO + WEAVERBIRD
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PLANS FLOOR PLAN SCALE 1:100
-3000
-3000
WORKSHOP TYPE 1 WORKSHOP TYPE 2 WORKSHOP TYPE 3 CIRCULATION
0
STORAGE GREENSCAPE HARDSCAPE
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0
LANGUAGE
WORKSHOP 1 IS DESIGNED TO BE THE GENERAL WORKSPACE WITH ITS EIGHT ROOMS WITHOUT THE BOUNDARIES AROUND THEM. THE VAULTS COVERING THESE SPACES ARE HIGH ENOUGH TO PROVIDE A GREAT DEAL OF FLEXIBILITY FOR THE CREATIVE PERSON.
WORKSHOP 2 IS DESIGNED TO BE THE WORK SPACE FOR JOBS THAT REQUIRES HIGH REMPERATURE. WORKSHOP 2 HAS THE HIGHEST DOME AMONG THE OTHER WORKSPACES. PARTS OF THE DOME HAS OPENNINGS TO CREATE A PASSIVE AIR CIRCULATION. THE THERMAL MASS FROM THE BRICK AND THE CONSTANT PASSIVE AIR CIRCULATION CREATES A ROOM THAT IS PASSIVELYCOOL AT ALL TIMES
WORKSHOP 3 IS DESIGNED TO BE AN ASSEMBLY SPACE FOR THE OBJECTS CREATED IN WORKSHOP 1 & 2. UNLIKE WORKSHOP 1, WORKSHOP 3 PROVIDES AN EVEN LARGER SPACE WITH NO STRUCTURAL OBSTACLES ACROSS THE ROOM. WORKSHOP 3 DOESN’T NECESSARILY HAVE A CEILING THAT IS AS HIGH AS WORKSHOP 2, BUT THE CEILING HEIGHT IS MUCH MORE CONSISTENTTHROUGHOUT THE ROOM, WHICH CREATES AN IDEAL ROOM TO COMBINE OBJECTS FROM WORKSHOP 1 & 2.
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WALKWAY CONNECTS ALL THREE WORKSHOPS AND THE OUTSIDE, WITH AN INTERIOR AND AN EXTERIOR CIRCULATION. IT CREATES A SEQUENCE OF WORKSHOPS FROM GENERAL WORKSPACE TO ASSEMBLY. HOWEVER IT DOES NOT DICTATE THIS WORKFLOW, AS IT ALSO CONNECTS EACH SHOP TO THE OUTSIDE.
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MODELS : BUILDING MODEL
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